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1834 Investment Advisors Co.
Form ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure
August 1, 2025
Address:
511 N Broadway, Suite 801
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Website:
www.1834InvestmentAdvisors.com
CRD No.:
105435
SEC File No.: 801-11335
Email:
david.bucur@1834InvestmentAdvisors.com
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of 1834
Investment Advisors Co. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact
us at (414) 615-1012. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the
United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about 1834 Investment Advisors Co. also is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
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ITEM 2. MATERIAL CHANGES
Beginning August 1, 2025, 1834 will provide proprietary investment model strategies to
financial institutions, including Old National Bank. Old National Bank pays 1834 a fee
for use of the investment model strategies. 1834 previously purchased investment model
strategies from Old National Bank. Items 4, 5, 8, and 10 of ADV Part 2A were updated to
reflect this change.
Beginning August 1, 2025, the 1834 Research Institute was created as a sub brand of
1834 Investment Advisors for the purposes of developing investment strategies, creating
market commentary, and disseminating thought leadership. Items 4 and 5 of ADV Part
2A were updated to reflect this change.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM 1.
COVER PAGE .................................................................................................................1
ITEM 2. MATERIAL CHANGES .....................................................................................................2
TABLE OF CONTENTS .....................................................................................................3
ITEM 3.
ADVISORY BUSINESS .....................................................................................................4
ITEM 4.
FEES AND COMPENSATION ............................................................................................7
ITEM 5.
PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT ................................10
ITEM 6.
ITEM 7.
TYPES OF CLIENTS .......................................................................................................10
ITEM 8. METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF
LOSS ............................................................................................................................10
DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION ......................................................................................22
ITEM 9.
ITEM 10. OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS ....................................22
ITEM 11. CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT
TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING ...................................................................24
ITEM 12. BROKERAGE AND TRADING PRACTICES .......................................................................25
ITEM 13. REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS ................................................................................................27
ITEM 14. CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION .......................................................28
ITEM 15. CUSTODY ....................................................................................................................29
ITEM 16.
INVESTMENT DISCRETION ...........................................................................................29
ITEM 17. VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES .......................................................................................30
FINANCIAL INFORMATION ...........................................................................................32
ITEM 18.
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ITEM 4.
ADVISORY BUSINESS
1834 Investment Advisors Co. (“1834”, the “firm”, or “we”) is a corporation organized
under the laws of the state of Wisconsin and is an investment adviser registered with the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). 1834 has been offering investment advisory
services since 1976. The firm is a wholly owned subsidiary of Old National Bancorp, Inc.
(“ONB”), a publicly traded regional bank holding company (NASDAQ Global Select Ticker:
ONB).
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES
1834 provides investment management services that include portfolio assessment, asset
allocation, financial planning and ongoing review and management of the client’s portfolio. To
begin services, 1834 reviews the client’s present financial situation to assess the client’s
investments and other aspects of the client’s financial circumstances. After a meeting(s) and/or a
telephone conference(s), 1834 analyzes the client’s individual needs, goals, investment time
horizons, and risk tolerance. 1834 believes that knowing a client’s financial circumstances, to the
extent possible, is important to long-term investment success. As such, 1834 provides on-going
financial planning software at no expense to our clients.
1834 utilizes the information provided by the client to develop an Investment Policy
Statement (“IPS”), agreed upon and approved by the client, which serves as a guideline to
provide investment recommendations and on-going management. It is 1834’s policy to have all
IPS’s fully executed. If, for some reason, the client has not returned a signed IPS to 1834, 1834
portfolio managers will continue to manage the account per the IPS. This may include strategies
designed to meet long-range goals (e.g., retirement planning or college funding) to an investment
plan. 1834 may assist the client in selecting an account custodian of his choice in the event that
he does not have a custodial relationship or one which is satisfactory for one’s current
investment needs, however, the selection of a custodian is the client’s sole responsibility.
An 1834 portfolio manager will then be responsible for managing the client’s account,
using the written discretionary authority granted by the client to make purchases and sales of
investments in the amounts and at the times they deem appropriate, within the confines of the
IPS and restrictions placed therein by the client. Discretionary service is the managed account
relationship most preferred by 1834 and represents the vast majority of the services it provides to
clients. 1834 will consider managing client portfolios on a nondiscretionary basis under certain
circumstances. Under this arrangement, prior client approval is necessary for the purchase and
sale of investments.
Investments may be made by 1834 in securities of any kind, including, but not limited to,
mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, stocks, bonds, options, alternative asset classes, and other
securities. 1834 provides alternatives investment models through our partnership with our
affiliate, Old National Bank, via a third-party alternatives’ platform provider Proteus. Portfolio
reviews are performed regularly at the times determined by the client’s portfolio manager and in
conjunction with investment policy established by 1834. Client consultations about the account’s
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performance occur as often as the client requests or as deemed necessary by the portfolio
manager.
RETIREMENT PLAN SERVICES
When we provide investment advice to you regarding your retirement plan account or
individual retirement account, we are fiduciaries within the meaning of Title I of the Employee
Retirement Income Securities Act (“ERISA”) and/or the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”), as
applicable, which are laws governing retirement accounts. The receipt of our advisory fee for
making a recommendation creates a conflict of interest under ERISA/IRC with your interests, so
we operate under a special rule that requires us to act in your best interest and not put our interest
ahead of yours. For example, if we recommend that you rollover assets from one retirement
account to another and we will receive increased compensation as a result of that
recommendation, we have a conflict that requires us to operate under this special rule.
Defined Contribution Plans
1834 can provide services to defined contribution retirement plan accounts. 1834 may act
in one or more of the following capacities: (1) an Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
1974 (“ERISA”) Section 3(21) fiduciary to the plan providing non-discretionary advisory
services, (2) an ERISA Section 3(38) investment manager to a plan fiduciary providing
discretionary advisory services, or (3) as a non-fiduciary providing services other than
investment advice under ERISA.
ERISA Section 3(21) Plan Investment Advisory Services: 1834 can perform non-
discretionary investment advisory services at the retirement plan level that may include
preparation or review the plan’s IPS, advice regarding appropriate investment categories and
options, and monitoring performance of the investment options and providing advice regarding
possible changes to the investment selections.
ERISA Section 3(38) Plan Investment Management Services: 1834 can perform
discretionary investment management services at the plan level including, among others,
preparation of an IPS for the plan in consultation with the client, and review, selection, and
monitoring of investment options. 1834 is not responsible for any notices or communications to
plan participants that may be required under ERISA, the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 or other
applicable laws, but will provide information to the client to assist the client in compliance with
any applicable participant-level fee disclosure requirements.
Non-Fiduciary Services: 1834 can perform certain non-fiduciary services, such as
discussing investment performance or providing performance and benchmark information;
assistance in benchmarking fees and services of service providers and investment options;
assistance in evaluating plan design; and providing participant education services.
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Defined Benefit Plan - Cash Balance Plans
The Cash Balance Pension Plan is a form of a defined benefit plan. In the plan, each
participant has an account balance representing his or her benefit under the plan. The account
grows annually through two additions, a contribution and an interest credit, and the
Accumulation Interest Rate (“AIR”) as defined in the plan. The objective of the plan’s
investments is to achieve a rate of return approximately equal to the AIR. 1834 will manage cash
balance plan assets with a specific strategy with the objective of achieving the AIR. The specific
calculation of the AIR is defined in the plan and is not the responsibility of 1834. While plan
assets may be invested in various securities, plan assets will generally be invested in fixed
income securities, mutual funds and/or individual common stocks.
INVESTMENT RESEARCH AND STRATEGY
Through our sub brand, the 1834 Research Institute, 1834 develops and maintains
investment strategies and creates market commentary and thought leadership content. Research
and strategy is available to 1834 clients at no additional cost and considered to be part of the
investment management service. Research and strategy is also provided for a fee to external
parties including 1834’s affiliate, Old National Bank.
PRIVATE INVESTMENT CONSULTING
1834 may offer certain private investment consulting services to certain eligible clients.
These services are separate from the investment management services described above. When
providing these services, 1834 seeks to identify private investment opportunities that may be of
interest to a client and assist a client in determining whether to invest in such private investment.
These investment opportunities may involve direct investment in private operating companies or
real estate investments or in privately offered funds that invest in such investments. 1834’s
consulting services also encompass due diligence activities that are reasonably requested by a
client, such as performance reviews, reviews of management’s operating history, reviews of fees,
expenses and deal terms and performance monitoring. 1834 also provides certain administrative
services, such as facilitating and coordinating documentation related to a client’s investment,
including tax reporting documentation. Finally, 1834 can assist its clients in developing
disposition strategies for their investments, if applicable. The scope of 1834’s representation and
fees 1834 charges for these services are individually negotiated with each client and are separate
from and in addition to any investment advisory fees collected by 1834.
These services do not involve discretionary investment management or discretion and
clients are responsible for all investment decisions, instructions and transactions related to
private investments. Clients should carefully review their consulting agreement with 1834 to
understand the scope of services and limitations. 1834 does not provide legal, tax, accounting or
estate planning advice or reporting, and clients must consult their own advisors on those and
related matters in connection with any private investment. 1834 may recommend private
investments in which 1834, its affiliates or any director, manager, officer or other agent of 1834
or an affiliate have a financial interest or acts as sponsor, adviser, distributor, director, manager,
or marketing agent. 1834, its affiliates or any director, manager, officer or other agent of 1834 or
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an affiliate may receive certain additional compensation in connection therewith that is in
addition to the compensation payable to 1834 by clients.
CLIENT OBJECTIVES
Services provided to clients will be provided on the basis of the client’s known or
communicated financial situation and investment objectives. Clients are asked to inform 1834
promptly if there has been any change in the client’s financial status or investment objective
information. Providing this information allows 1834 to determine if there needs to be a change in
investment strategies or recommendations. Clients may place reasonable restrictions on the
management of an advisory account, including the designation of particular securities or types of
securities that should not be purchased for their account or that should be sold if held in the
account. Under certain circumstances 1834 may decline to accept certain client-imposed
guidelines or restrictions. Clients may also call 1834’s office at any time during normal business
hours to discuss the status of the client’s account, financial situation, or investment needs with
their account portfolio manager.
WRAP FEE PROGRAMS
1834 does not participate in any wrap fee programs.
CLIENT ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT
As of December 31, 2024, 1834 had total assets under management of $1,034,664,175 all
of which managed with discretionary authority.
ITEM 5.
FEES AND COMPENSATION
METHODS OF COMPENSATION AND FEE SCHEDULE
Investment Management, Retirement Plan Services, and Strategy and Research Fees
The annual fee for investment management and retirement plan services provided by
1834 will generally be charged as a percentage of assets under management by the firm. These
fees are generally negotiable depending upon the size of the portfolio, complexity of services
required, or individual circumstances. In certain circumstances, 1834 may combine the values of
related accounts for fee calculation purposes. 1834 generally requires a $500,000 minimum of
investment assets to establish an investment advisory relationship. 1834 reserves the right to
waive this minimum account requirement, at its discretion. Fees for 1834’s retirement plan
services are based upon the level of service performed and determined on an account-by-account
basis.
1834 may deviate (negotiate fees) at its discretion if circumstances warrant. These fee
changes may occur because of changes in the size of the portfolio, complexity of services
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required, or individual circumstances. Also, at its discretion, 1834 may combine the values of
related accounts for fee calculation purposes.
Asset-based fees are calculated and charged in accordance with the investment advisory
agreement between the client and 1834. 1834’s fees are charged at the end of each calendar
quarter in arrears. The quarterly fee is determined by applying one-quarter (1/4) of the applicable
annual percentage fee to the market value of the portfolio on the last business day of each
calendar quarter in arrears. From time to time, fees may be modified, according to the
agreement between the client and 1834.
An investment advisory agreement may generally be terminated at any time, by either
party, for any reason upon prior written notice as specified in the investment advisory contract.
Upon termination of any account, any earned, unpaid fees will be immediately due and payable.
The fees will be prorated if the investment advisory relationship commences or terminates other
than at the beginning or end of a calendar quarter.
When 1834 provides research and investment strategies to external parties, it earns a fee
as a percentage of the external parties’ assets under management that utilize the investment
strategies. The fee is negotiated based on the type(s) of research and strategy provided and size
of the portfolio and is paid to 1834 from the external party and not directly from the client.
Participation in alternatives funds available in partnership with Proteus will require the
client to review and sign a separate subscription agreement. Fees associated with the Proteus
platform are separate and distinct from 1834’s investment management fees and are detailed
within each fund’s subscription agreement.
Private Investment Consulting Fees
The annual fee for private investment consulting services provided by 1834 will generally
be charged as a percentage of the aggregate amount of money paid, loaned or otherwise invested
by a client in any private investment opportunity (including any subsequent series or fund of any
private investment opportunity) identified for the client by 1834 (“invested capital”). Consulting
fees are generally negotiable depending on a variety of factors, including the size of investments
and other client assets managed by 1834, complexity of services required, or individual
circumstances. Consulting fees are calculated and charged in accordance with the consulting
agreement between the client and 1834. 1834’s fees are charged at the end of each calendar
quarter in arrears. The quarterly fee is determined by applying one-quarter (1/4) of the
applicable annual percentage fee to the client’s invested capital as of the last business day of
each calendar quarter in arrears. The fees may be prorated if the consulting relationship
commences or terminates other than at the beginning or end of a calendar quarter. The
Consulting Fee paid to 1834 is in addition to any fees or expenses incurred at any private fund in
which a client invests, including any private fund management fees, incentive allocations, carried
interest and other fund-level expenses. A consulting agreement may generally be terminated at
any time, by either party, upon prior written notice to the other party as specified in the
consulting agreement.
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CLIENT PAYMENT OF FEES
Fees for investment management and retirement plan services will ordinarily be deducted
directly from the client’s account provided that (i) the client provides written authorization to the
qualified custodian, and (ii) the qualified custodian sends the client a statement, at least quarterly,
indicating all amounts disbursed from the account. If insufficient cash is available to pay such
fees, securities in an amount approximating the balance of unpaid fees will customarily be
liquidated to pay for the unpaid balance. The client is responsible for verifying the accuracy of
the fee calculation, as the client’s custodian will not verify the calculation.
Clients using 1834’s private investment consulting services will be sent quarterly
invoices for consulting fees with payment due within 30 days of receipt.
ADDITIONAL CLIENT FEES CHARGED
All fees paid for 1834 advisory and consulting services are separate and distinct from the
fees and expenses charged by American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), exchange-traded funds,
mutual funds, alternative asset funds, private funds and other private investments, separate
account managers, broker-dealers, and custodians retained by clients. Such fees and expenses are
described in each exchange-traded fund and mutual fund’s prospectus, each alternative asset
fund subscription agreement, each private investment’s offering memorandum or other offering
documents, each separate account manager’s Form ADV and Brochure and Brochure
Supplement or similar disclosure statement, and by any broker-dealer or custodian retained by
the client. Clients are advised to read these materials carefully before investing. If a mutual fund
also imposes sales charges, a client may pay an initial or deferred sales charge as further
described in the mutual fund’s prospectus. For client accounts invested in funds or private
investments that charge an advisory fee, management fee, incentive fee/carried interest allocation
or similar fees, that means that clients may pay two levels of fees on those assets. A client using
1834 may be precluded from using certain mutual funds or separate account managers because
they may not be permitted by the client’s custodian. The fee paid to 1834 does not include
brokerage commissions and other transactional fees relating to purchases and sales of securities
which will be borne by the client.
PREPAYMENT OF CLIENT FEES
1834 does not require the prepayment of its advisory fees.
EXTERNAL COMPENSATION FOR THE SALE OF SECURITIES TO CLIENTS
1834’s financial advisors are compensated through a salary and bonus structure. 1834 and
its personnel may recommend, or cross-sell products and services provided or offered by its
affiliates, including Old National Bank, or permit such affiliates to market their products or
services to 1834’s clients. In this regard, 1834 or its personnel may have a financial incentive to
encourage a client to utilize these products or services. 1834 and its personnel will act in
accordance with their fiduciary duty in recommending such products or services.
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1834 is not paid any sales, service, or administrative fees for the sale of investment
products including mutual funds.
ITEM 6.
PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT
1834 does not charge performance-based fees (i.e., fees based on a share of capital gains
or capital appreciation of the assets of a client) to any of its accounts.
ITEM 7.
TYPES OF CLIENTS
1834 primarily provides investment advisory services to high-net worth individuals and
institutions. The types of clients 1834 provides services to includes, but is not limited to,
individuals, retirement plans and accounts, pension and profit-sharing plans, trusts, estates,
charitable organizations, corporations, banking institutions, and other business entities and
institutions.
1834 generally requires a $500,000 minimum of investment assets to establish an
investment advisory relationship. 1834 reserves the right to waive this minimum requirement at
its discretion.
ITEM 8. METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS
METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
1834 measures a client’s goals, risk tolerance, and time horizon through an interview
process in an effort to determine a plan/portfolio to best fit the client’s profile resulting in the
IPS. Investment strategies may be based upon a number of concepts and determined by the type
of investor. Investment strategies may include long-term and short-term purchases depending
upon the individual needs of the client. Since 1834 believes that risk tolerance is a key element to
long-term investment success, asset allocation principles are a key part of 1834’s overall
approach in preparing advice for clients. The concept of asset allocation or spreading
investments among a number of asset classes (domestic stocks vs. foreign stocks; large cap
stocks vs. small cap stocks; corporate bonds vs. government securities), is generally in the
forefront of 1834’s strategies. Asset allocation seeks to achieve efficient diversification of assets,
to lessen risk while not sacrificing the effectiveness of the portfolio to achieve the client’s
objectives.
Recommendations or actions for or purchases of investments will be based on publicly
available reports, research analysis, and internally generated research. In the case of mutual
funds, recommendations will be based on reports and analysis of performance and fund
managers, and certain computerized and other models for asset allocation. 1834 utilizes many
sources of public information which include financial news and brokerage research materials.
1834 does not guarantee the results of the advice given. Thus, significant losses can occur
by investing in any security, or by following any strategy, including conservative investments
and strategies recommended or applied by 1834.
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Investment Strategies
1834 offers portfolio strategies which have been designed to cover the broad spectrum of
investment objectives desired by most investors. The strategies and models are designed to meet
a particular investment objective including growth, growth and income, and fixed income. These
objectives can be achieved using one or more of these portfolio strategies within a client’s
investment assets. 1834 believes it has the ability to customize these approaches to a wide range
of client needs. They are described below:
Dividend Strategies
Dividend Equity Strategy
The Dividend Equity strategy seeks to provide investors with a current dividend yield
(defined as annual dividends per share divided by the current share price) of at least 1%
above the S&P 500’s dividend yield. Secondary objectives include the potential for
appreciation over time and mitigating trading costs by limiting portfolio turnover to 40%
— 50% annually. Security selection begins with a quantitative system that screens and
scores our universe of securities. Factors include a level of expected future dividend,
ability to service obligations prior to paying a common dividend, future dividend growth
potential, contributions of risk to our current model and expected return potential. The
strategy is designed for investors who desire immediate/current income coupled with the
potential for capital appreciation.
Growth Strategies – Stocks
Core Equity Model Strategy
The Core Equity strategy invests primarily in the common stocks of large and mid-sized
companies. While most holdings are U.S.-based, the approach may incorporate foreign
stocks in keeping with the objectives of the strategy, or exchange-traded funds for risk
management purposes. The primary objective is capital appreciation with the goal of
maximizing risk-adjusted return. The investment process seeks to identify equity securities
with wide economic moats, defensible business models, positive industry trends, leading
market positions and strong financial fundamentals. The selection process favors
companies with attractive valuations and above average growth prospects as assessed by
the investment manager. This strategy is particularly well suited for investors who are
primarily interested in capital appreciation.
Small Equity Strategy
The Small Equity strategy invests primarily in the common stocks of small- and mid- sized
companies. While most holdings are U.S.-based, the approach may incorporate foreign
stocks in keeping with the objectives of the strategy, or exchange-traded funds for risk
management purposes. The investment process focuses on companies with the most
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attractive combination of high quality, appealing valuation, strong momentum, above
average growth potential and low volatility characteristics.
Encore Strategy
The Encore strategy seeks to create a disciplined, well-diversified portfolio which produces
competitive long-term capital appreciation and dividend yields (annual dividend divided
by current share price). This globally diversified portfolio primarily uses two different
disciplines. One is top-down, which focuses on the economy and how it impacts sectors
within the market. The second is bottom-up, which is individual company analysis. The
goal is to produce strong returns with less volatility compared to market averages. This
approach is active, which means all components aim to outperform established
benchmarks.
Encore Beta Strategy
The Encore Beta strategy seeks to create a disciplined and well-diversified portfolio that
produces competitive long-term capital appreciation and dividend yields (annual dividend
divided by current share price). This globally diversified portfolio primarily uses two
different disciplines. One is top-down, which focuses on the economy and how it impacts
sectors within the market. The second is bottom-up, which is individual company analysis.
The goal is to produce strong returns with less volatility compared to market averages.
Encore Beta is an active/passive hybrid strategy, which means some components aim to
outperform established benchmarks while others aim to meet established benchmarks.
Tax Efficient Encore Plus Equity Strategy
The Tax Efficient Encore Plus Equity strategy utilizes exchanged traded funds (ETFs) and
individual equities to deliver a broadly diversified portfolio. It focuses on minimizing taxes
since ETFs deliver few capital gains. The taxable capital gains reduction in the strategy is
further emphasized through the potential of tax loss harvesting (selling declining assets and
using the losses to offset other profits) of individual equity positions. The strategy seeks to
track and outperform a blended global benchmark over the long run. The strategy offers
comprehensive exposure to stocks with tax efficiency as a priority including low capital
gain distributions, limited portfolio turnover and extremely low expenses.
Custom Portfolios Strategy
Custom Portfolios is a service with tailored solutions to meet an individual or institutional
investor’s needs. Investments can be spread across different asset classes and weighted
according to the client’s goals. The global investment strategies are unique. There is no
predetermined strategy and clients have a large amount of input on the investment process.
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Growth Strategies – ETFs
Core Beta Strategy
The Core Beta strategy is guided by our global macroeconomic outlook. Utilizing
exchanged-traded funds (ETFs), the approach seeks to provide modest long-term
outperformance relative to a blended global benchmark. The positioning of investments
within the approach, including growth and value tilts (overweighing growth or value
stocks), is based on economic production prospects, inflation expectations, business cycle
rotation and other factors that influence the markets. It also offers broad exposure to the
equity markets utilizing ETFs with limited portfolio turnover, ultra-low expenses and tax
efficiency.
BetaWise Strategy
The BetaWise strategy is a low-cost, index driven approach that allocates market risk
based on economic and market conditions. The portfolio offers broad diversification across
global equity markets using exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that provide liquidity and
minimum tracking error to their underlying benchmark. The portfolio is managed by the
Economics Division and is designed for investors seeking a disciplined and affordable
alternative to traditional stock selection strategies. It also provides wide-ranging exposure
to global equities while controlling risk or volatility to the markets in a low cost, highly
liquid portfolio of ETFs.
Global Low Volatility Strategy
The Global Low Volatility strategy is a global asset allocation approach primarily using
exchange-traded products. The objective is to invest in any of the world’s major capital
markets. Positions may reflect views on the overall capital markets or specific unique
opportunities. This approach seeks global opportunities and may invest in multiple markets
in anticipation of market movements. It also employs further diversification than cash,
bonds and stocks — including commodities, currencies and other assets.
Strategic Alpha – Income Strategy
The Strategic Alpha – Income strategy is generally lower in volatility with a bias toward
higher quality holdings. The objective, which utilizes mutual funds, is income and capital
preservation. The global portfolio is entirely fixed income — and can be taxable or
nontaxable.
Strategic Alpha – Conservative Strategy
The Strategic Alpha – Conservative strategy is ideally suited to investors who need higher
levels of current income with inflation protection. Utilizing taxable or nontaxable bond
funds, this global approach focuses on capital preservation and is also appropriate for
investors with a low risk tolerance. The modest allocation to equities allows for some
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growth and increasing income provided by dividends. The mutual funds are generally
lower in volatility with a bias toward higher quality holdings. The global portfolio’s
strategy is 70% bonds and 30% stocks.
Strategic Alpha – Balanced Strategy
The Strategic Alpha - Balanced strategy is ideal for investors looking for a conservative
balance between growth and income production. The equity portion is invested in a
diversified portfolio of high-quality mutual funds. The fixed income segment is invested in
taxable or nontaxable bond funds intended to provide a higher level of income. The mutual
funds are generally lower in volatility with a bias toward higher quality holdings. The
global portfolio’s strategy is 50% stocks and 50% bonds.
Strategic Alpha – Growth Strategy
The Strategic Alpha - Growth strategy is intended for long-term investors comfortable with
a higher level of equity market risk. The global strategy has a 70% allocation to a global
stock portfolio which is intended to provide long-term growth and inflation protection. The
remaining is 30% bonds. The allocation to taxable or nontaxable bond funds provides
modest income and principal protection. The mutual funds are generally lower in volatility
with a bias toward higher quality holdings.
Strategic Alpha – Equity Strategy
The Strategic Alpha - Equity strategy is ideal for long-term investors comfortable with
taking a sizable amount of equity market risk. This globally diversified strategy, which is
100% equities, is designed to provide maximum growth with minimal income. The mutual
funds are generally lower in volatility with a bias toward higher quality holdings.
Fixed Income
Fixed Income Taxable (ETF) Strategy
The Fixed Income Taxable strategy utilizes exchange-traded funds (ETFs) with the intent
of tracking or slightly exceeding the Barclays Intermediate Government/Credit Index. This
domestic approach is most suitable for investors seeking a broad diversification of
holdings while controlling expenses. It is an inexpensive way to gain overall fixed income
market exposure.
Fixed Income Nontaxable (ETF) Strategy
The Fixed Income Nontaxable strategy utilizes exchange-traded funds (ETFs) with the
intent of tracking or slightly exceeding the Bank of America/Merrill Lynch 1-10 Year
Municipal Index. This approach is typically more suitable for investors in high tax brackets
and those seeking nontaxable income. It is also suitable for investors seeking a broad
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diversification of holdings while controlling expenses. This domestic strategy is an
inexpensive way to gain overall market exposure in fixed income.
Strategic Alpha Taxable (Mutual Funds) Strategy
The Strategic Alpha strategy utilizes mutual funds for broad diversification in the fixed
income market. There is an actively managed component that seeks to outperform the
market over time. There are also passively managed components to keep expenses down.
Investors with a modest level of risk tolerance are suited for this approach. The objective is
the production of stable income, not capital appreciation.
Strategic Alpha Tax Exempt (Mutual Funds) Strategy
The Strategic Alpha Tax Exempt strategy utilizes mutual funds with the intent of tracking
or slightly exceeding the Bank of America/Merrill Lynch 1-10 Year Municipal Index. This
domestic approach is typically more suitable for investors in high tax brackets and those
seeking nontaxable income. It is also suitable for investors seeking a broad diversification
of holdings. The objective is the production of stable, nontaxable income. Capital
appreciation is not an objective.
Aggregate Fixed Income (Taxable) Strategy
The Aggregate Fixed Income strategy is a disciplined, well-diversified portfolio intended
to produce competitive long-term total returns. This domestic approach is typically for
institutional investors. The macroeconomic analysis drives key-rate duration targets along
with sector weights. These elements, combined with superior security selection, are used to
create a portfolio with higher average yield and similar interest rate volatility to the index.
Defensive Duration Fixed Income (Taxable) Strategy
The Defensive Duration Fixed Income strategy is a disciplined, well-diversified domestic
strategy intended to produce long-term total returns that meet or exceed the rate of
inflation. A top-down, macroeconomic analysis drives effective and key-rate duration
targets along with sector weights. These elements, combined with superior security
selection, are used to create a portfolio with a higher average yield and similar interest rate
volatility to the index.
Intermediate Tax-Exempt Fixed Income (Nontaxable) Strategy
The Intermediate Tax-Exempt Fixed Income strategy is a well-diversified portfolio of
municipal bonds designed for competitive long-term total returns. This domestic strategy
emphasizes a core portfolio of high-quality municipal bonds broadly diversified across
multiple states and projects. These positions are supplemented with a modest allocation to
tax-exempt mutual funds that may include high yield funds to create nontaxable income.
The portfolio seeks to buy high quality bonds in historically risk-adverse sectors with a
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slightly longer duration. This approach is designed for those who want to generate tax-free
income as a portion of their portfolio.
Intermediate Fixed Income (Taxable) Strategy
The Intermediate Fixed Income strategy is a well-diversified portfolio intended to produce
competitive long-term total returns. This domestic approach uses top-down
macroeconomic analysis, which drives effective and key-rate duration targets along with
sector weights. These elements, combined with superior security selection, are used to
create a portfolio with a higher average yield and similar interest rate volatility to the
index.
Alternative Strategies
Growth
The Growth alternatives model seeks to provide diversified exposure to alternative asset
classes, with an emphasis on capital appreciation.
Balanced
The Balanced alternatives model seeks to provide diversified exposure to alternative asset
classes, with equal emphasis on capital appreciation, income, and low correlations with
traditional asset classes.
Conservative
The Conservative alternatives model seeks to provide diversified exposure to alternative
asset classes, with an emphasis on income and low correlations with traditional asset
classes.
Specialized
The Specialized alternatives model seeks to provide alternative investment exposure to
clients whose unique asset allocation requirements render pre-determined mixes of
alternative asset classes sub-optimal.
1834 will also manage custom fixed income strategies to meet a client’s objectives.
RISK OF LOSS
The following list of risk factors does not purport to be a complete explanation of all
potential risks. Prospective clients should read the entire ADV Part 2 before determining whether
to invest. 1834 typically invests in a variety of securities including, but not limited to, those
detailed below:
• Equity securities
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• Warrants and rights
• Mutual fund securities
• Exchange-traded funds
• Inverse exchange-traded funds
• Corporate debt securities, commercial paper, and certificates of deposit
• Municipal securities
• U.S. government securities
• Option contracts on securities
• Government and agency mortgage-backed securities
• Corporate debt obligations
• Mortgage-backed securities
• Option contracts on indices
• Preferred equity securities
• Unregistered securities (alternatives) including private equity, private debt, real
assets, and hedge funds
Investment in all securities includes the risk of loss. Investors should be prepared for the
possible loss of some or all their investments. Investments and strategies will vary by account.
Clients should be aware that 1834 and its affiliates perform investment advisory services for
various clients. 1834 may give advice and take action in the performance of its duties with
respect to any of our other clients which may differ from the advice given, or the timing or
nature of action taken, with respect to another client or by 1834’s affiliates on behalf of their
clients. 1834 has no obligation to purchase or sell for a client any security or other property
which 1834 purchases or sells for our own account or for the account of any other client if it is
undesirable or impractical to take such action.
Concentration Risk
Concentrating investments in an issuer or limited set of issuers, in a particular country,
group of countries, region, market, industry, group of industries, sector or asset class means that
performance will be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences affecting that issuer or
issuers, particular country, group of countries, region, market, industry, group of industries,
sector or asset class than a more diversified mix of investments.
Credit/Default Risk
Debt issuers and other counterparties of fixed-income securities or instruments in some
instances default on their obligation to pay interest, repay principal or make a margin payment,
or default on any other obligation. Additionally, the credit quality of securities or instruments
could deteriorate (e.g., downgraded by rating agency), which would impair a security’s or
instrument’s liquidity and decrease its value.
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Cybersecurity Risk
Advisers and funds are exposed to, and rely on, a broad array of interconnected systems
and networks, both directly and through service providers such as custodians, brokers, dealers,
pricing services, and other technology vendors. Advisers also increasingly use digital
engagement tools and other technology to engage with clients for the purposes of developing and
providing investment advice. Cybersecurity incidents such as malicious software can cause the
loss of adviser, fund, or client data; can lead to theft of intellectual property, confidential
information, or client assets; and can prevent an adviser or fund from executing its investment
strategy or an adviser, fund, client, or investor from accessing an account. As a result,
cybersecurity incidents can cause substantial harm to advisers and their clients and investors.
Debt Instruments Risk
Generally, investments in debt and credit-related instruments may be secured or
unsecured and may be structurally or contractually subordinated to substantial amounts of senior
indebtedness. Other factors may materially and adversely affect the market price and yield of
such debt investments, including changes in interest rates, investor demand, changes in the
financial condition or credit quality of an issuer, government fiscal policy and domestic or
worldwide economic conditions.
Derivatives Risk
Investments in derivatives or similar instruments, including but not limited to options,
futures, options on futures, forwards, participatory notes, swaps, structured securities, tender-
option bonds, and derivatives relating to foreign currency transactions, which can be used to
hedge investments or to seek to enhance returns, entail specific risks relating to liquidity,
leverage and credit that can reduce returns and/or increase volatility. Losses from investments in
derivative instruments can result from the potential illiquidity of the markets for derivative
instruments, the failure of the counterparty to fulfill its contractual obligations, or the risks
arising from margin posting requirements and related leverage factors associated with such
transactions.
Equity Securities Risk
Equity securities, including common stocks, may fall in value due to both changes in
general economic conditions that impact the market as a whole, as well as factors that directly
relate to a specific company or its industry. Such general economic conditions include changes in
interest rates, periods of market turbulence or instability, or general and prolonged periods of
economic decline and cyclical change. It is possible that a drop in the stock market may depress
the price of most or all of the equity securities held in a portfolio. In addition, an investment in
equity securities includes the risk that investor sentiment toward particular industries will
become negative. The value of a company’s common stock may fall solely because of factors,
such as an increase in production costs, that negatively impact other companies in the same
region, industry, or sector of the market. A company’s common stock also may decline
significantly in price over a short period of time due to factors specific to that company,
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including decisions made by its management or lower demand for the company’s products or
services.
Exchange-Traded Fund (“ETF”) Risk
Shares of ETFs may trade at a discount from their net asset value in the secondary
market. This risk is separate and distinct from the risk that the net asset value of fund shares may
decrease. The amount of such a discount from net asset value is subject to change from time to
time in response to various factors. If shares of an ETF trade at a market price that reflects a
discount to the value of the fund’s underlying assets, the discount could increase over time. ETFs
are subject to various risks, including management’s ability to meet the fund’s investment
objective, and to manage the fund’s portfolio when the underlying securities are redeemed or
sold, during the periods of market turmoil and as investors’ perceptions regarding ETFs or their
underlying investments change. ETFs also face index correlation risk which is the risk that the
performance of an ETF will vary from the actual performance of the fund’s target index. This
can happen due to transaction costs, market impact, corporate actions (such as mergers and spin-
offs) and timing variances.
High Yield Securities Risk.
High yield or “junk” securities typically involve greater risk and become less liquid than
higher grade issues. Changes in general economic conditions, changes in the financial condition
of the issuers and changes in interest rates may adversely impact the ability of issuers of high
yield securities to make timely payments of interest and principal.
Income Risk
Income from fixed-income securities can decline in some instances when interest rates
decrease. During periods of falling interest rates, if an issuer is able to repay principal prior to the
security’s maturity, an investor may be limited to reinvesting the repayment proceeds in
securities with a lower yield, resulting in a decline in the investor’s income.
Index-Related Risk
Index strategies are passively managed and do not take defensive positions in declining
markets. There is no guarantee that a portfolio managed to an index strategy will achieve a high
degree of correlation to its underlying index and therefore achieve its investment objective.
Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the index
portfolio’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track its underlying
index. Errors in index data, index computations and/or the construction of the underlying index
in accordance with its methodology occur from time to time without being identified and
corrected for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on a portfolio
managed to the index.
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Interest Rate Risk
When interest rates increase, fixed-income securities or instruments will generally
decline in value. Long-term fixed income securities or instruments will normally have more price
volatility because of this risk than short-term fixed-income securities or instruments.
Investment Company Risk
An investment in an investment company is subject to the risks associated with the
underlying investments made by the investment company. Investment company investors will
indirectly pay a proportional share of the fees and expenses of the investment companies in
which they invest. These fees may be in addition to any other investment advisory or other
management fees the investor may incur.
Issuer Risk
Adverse changes to the financial condition or credit rating of an issuer of securities may
cause the value of the securities to decline or become worthless.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell (e.g., not
publicly traded and/or no market is currently available or may become less liquid in response to
market developments). This can reduce returns because the holder of such securities may be
unable to transact at advantageous times or prices. Investments that are illiquid or that trade in
lower volumes may be more difficult to value.
Management Risk
Management risk is the risk that the investment process, techniques, and analyses applied
to a portfolio will not produce the desired results, and those securities or other financial
instruments selected for a portfolio will result in returns that are inconsistent with the portfolio’s
investment objective.
Market Risk
The market value of the instruments in which a portfolio invests will go up or down in
response to the prospects of individual companies, particular sectors or governments and/or
general economic conditions throughout the world due to increasingly interconnected global
economies and financial markets.
Municipal Securities Risk
Municipal securities can be significantly affected by political or economic changes, as
well as uncertainties in the municipal market related to taxation, changes in interest rates, relative
lack of information about certain issuers of municipal securities, legislative changes or the rights
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of municipal security holders. Municipal securities backed by current or anticipated revenues
from a specific project or specific assets can be negatively affected by the inability to collect
revenues for the project or from the assets.
Non-U.S. Securities Risk
Investments in the securities of non-U.S. issuers are subject to the risks associated with
non-U.S. markets in which those non-U.S. issuers are organized and operate, including but not
limited to, risks related to foreign currency, limited liquidity, less government regulation,
privatization, and the possibility of substantial volatility due to adverse political, economic,
geographic events, or other developments, differences in accounting, auditing and financial
reporting standards, the possibility of repatriation, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse
changes in investment or exchange controls or other regulations and potential restrictions on the
flow of international capital. These risks are often heightened for investments in smaller capital
markets, emerging markets, developing markets or frontier markets.
Alternatives / Private Investment Risk
Investments in alternatives or privately offered/unregistered investments, including debt
or equity investments in operating and holding companies, private real estate funds, hedge funds,
private equity funds, joint ventures, direct and indirect interests in real estate, physical assets, and
other similar types of investments generally involve significant risk, including a total loss of
investment, and should only be undertaken by sophisticated investors capable of evaluating and
bearing such risks. Alternative investments are typically highly illiquid and long-term in nature,
investors should consider their ability to withstand extended and indefinite periods of illiquidity.
An investor’s ability to transfer and/or dispose of private investments is typically highly
restricted or prohibited. An investor may not be able to obtain material information about the
private investment that other investors obtain. Alternatives are generally not subject to the same
reporting and disclosure requirements as public companies. Alternative investments may require
investors to assume duties, liabilities and obligations that are generally not requirements for
investments in public companies or funds.
Small-Cap & Mid-Cap Risk
Investing in securities of small- and mid-capitalization companies involves greater risk
than customarily is associated with investing in larger, more established companies. These
companies’ securities may be more volatile and less liquid than those of more established
companies. These securities may have returns that vary, sometimes significantly, from the
overall securities market. Often small- and mid-capitalization companies and the industries in
which they focus are still evolving and, as a result, they may be more sensitive to changing
market conditions.
U.S. Government Securities Risk.
U.S. government securities include securities that are issued or guaranteed by the United
States Treasury, by various agencies of the U.S. government, or by various instrumentalities
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which have been established or sponsored by the U.S. government. U.S. Treasury securities are
backed by the “full faith and credit” of the United States. Securities issued or guaranteed by
federal agencies and U.S. government-sponsored instrumentalities may or may not be backed by
the full faith and credit of the United States. In the case of those U.S. government securities not
backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, the investor must look principally to the
agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the security for ultimate repayment and may
not be able to assert a claim against the United States itself in the event that the agency or
instrumentality does not meet its commitment. The U.S. government, its agencies and
instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities, and consequently, the
value of such securities may fluctuate.
Volatility Risk
The prices of a portfolio’s investments can be highly volatile. Price movements of assets
are influenced by, among other things, interest rates, general economic conditions, the condition
of the financial markets, developments or trends in any particular industry, the financial
condition of the issuers of such assets, changing supply and demand relationships, programs and
policies of governments, and national and international political and economic events and
policies.
ITEM 9.
DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
1834 does not have any disciplinary information to report regarding itself or any of its
personnel or other related persons.
ITEM 10. OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS
MATERIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
1834 and Old National Bank are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of ONB. Old
National Bank is a national-chartered bank that provides a broad range of commercial, retail,
treasury management, and wealth management products and services to commercial and
industrial, commercial real estate, municipal, and consumer customers. Old National Bank and
ONB may provide certain administrative and operational support services to 1834 that may be
material to 1834’s advisory business, including employees of Old National that also serve as
employees of 1834 Investment Advisors. As dual employees, these individuals perform services
for both 1834 Investment Advisors and Old National Bank. When performing services for 1834
Investment Advisors and its clients, the employees are subject to the supervision and control of
1834 Investment Advisors. When performing services for Old National Bank and its clients, the
employees are subject to the supervision of Old National Bank. These affiliations can create
potential conflicts of interest. We mitigate those potential conflicts of interest through
maintaining policies and procedures. We endeavor to put the interest of our clients first as part of
our fiduciary duty as a registered investment adviser; and we take the following steps to address
conflicts:
• we disclose to clients the existence of all material conflicts of interest
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• we disclose to clients that they are not obligated to purchase recommended
products or services from our employees or affiliates
• we collect, maintain, and document relevant client background information,
including the client’s financial goals, objectives and risk tolerance
• we conduct regular reviews of client accounts to verify the recommendations
made to a client are consistent with the client’s needs and circumstances
• we educate our employees regarding the responsibilities of a fiduciary, including
the need for having a reasonable and independent basis for the investment advice
provided to clients
1834 and its personnel may recommend, or cross-sell products and services provided or
offered by its affiliates, including Old National Bank, or permit such affiliates to market their
products or services to 1834’s clients. Compensation or other funds may be paid to 1834, its
personnel and/or affiliates of such personnel by such affiliates or by 1834 in connection with
these efforts if a client utilizes these products or services. In this regard, 1834 or its personnel
may have an incentive to encourage a client to utilize these products or services. 1834 and its
personnel will act in accordance with their fiduciary duty in recommending such products or
services.
1834 provides Old National Bank with proprietary investment model strategies that Old
National Bank may utilize for client accounts when deemed suitable for the client. Old National
Bank maintains discretion for these client accounts and pays 1834 a fee for use of the investment
model strategies.
OUTSIDE BUSINESS ACTIVITIES AND CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
From time to time, affiliates, employees, or representatives of 1834 may participate in
certain outside business activities or maintain relationships with unaffiliated services providers,
such as attorneys, accountants, insurance providers, and tax or other professionals. 1834 or its
personnel may introduce or refer clients to these organizations as service providers. To the extent
1834 or its personnel make such introductions or referrals, they are outside the scope of the
advisory services provided to clients under its investment management or other agreement with
the client. 1834 has no obligation to make such introductions or referrals and will generally not
allocate or recommend such opportunities to 1834 clients or may be prohibited from doing so. In
instances where 1834 personnel participate in outside businesses or investment opportunities,
they may do so on terms that are more favorable than those offered by such organizations to
other investors, including 1834 clients. As part of its private investment consulting services,
1834 may introduce or recommend private investments to clients for which 1834, an affiliate, or
any director, manager, officer or other agent of 1834 or an affiliate owns an interest or acts as
sponsor, adviser, distributor, director, manager or marketing agent and 1834, its affiliates or any
director, manager, officer or other agent of 1834 or an affiliate may receive certain benefits or
additional compensation in connection therewith that is in addition to the compensation set forth
herein payable by a client. 1834 or an affiliate may provide services or financing to such private
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investments or their affiliates or managers/sponsors. These activities and relationships may
create conflicts of interest and create incentives for 1834 to introduce or recommend certain
investments. We mitigate those potential conflicts of interest through maintaining policies and
procedures, including review and approval of outside business activities and compliance with the
code of ethics described in the next section.
ITEM 11. CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND
PERSONAL TRADING
1834 has developed a Code of Ethics applicable to all persons at the firm who have
access to confidential client records or to recommendations being made for client accounts.
Designed to prevent conflicts of interest between the financial interests of clients and the
interests of the firm’s staff, the code requires such “Access Persons” to obtain preapproval of
certain securities transactions, to report transactions quarterly, and to report all securities
positions in which they have a beneficial interest at least annually.
This Code of Ethics includes, among other things, the following:
• Standards of business conduct that reflect the fiduciary obligations of 1834 and its
supervised persons
• Provisions requiring its employees and certain other of its supervised or otherwise related
persons (“Access Persons”) to comply with applicable securities laws
• Provisions requiring Access Persons to report their personal securities transactions and
holdings
• Provisions requiring approval before Access Persons acquire beneficial ownership of any
security issued in an initial public offering or private placement
• Provisions requiring supervised persons to report promptly any violations of the Code of
Ethics
• Provisions requiring each supervised person to be given a copy of the Code of Ethics and
to acknowledge in writing their receipt of the Code of Ethics
Employees of 1834 may invest in the same securities as clients of 1834, including related
securities such as options and derivatives. In addition, employees may have an interest or
position in certain securities that may also be recommended to a client. Such positions and such
trades made at or about the same time as client trades present a conflict of interest between
personnel of 1834 and clients. 1834 addresses this conflict through the procedures described
above, which are designed to ensure that no client is disadvantaged in any way by trades of
employees of 1834. For example, as stated above, Access Persons must pre-clear trades in
securities of initial public offerings and limited offerings.
1834 periodically reviews the trades of Access Persons and takes other actions in attempt
to detect violations of 1834’s Code of Ethics and insider trading policies and procedures.
1834’s Chief Compliance Officer has the responsibility of assuring compliance with the
Code of Ethics. Violations of any provision of this reporting requirement may result in the
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imposition of sanctions by 1834’s Chief Compliance Officer as may be deemed appropriate
under the circumstances.
A copy of 1834’s Code of Ethics is available to any client or prospective client upon
request.
ITEM 12.
BROKERAGE AND TRADING PRACTICES
FACTORS USED TO SELECT BROKER-DEALERS FOR CLIENT TRANSACTIONS
Broker-Dealer Recommendations
The following factors will generally be considered when selecting broker-dealers that
may execute advisory trades:
• Input from portfolio managers, traders, and others
• Establishing an acceptable commission range for trades
In certain instances, 1834 will recommend to clients certain broker-dealers based on the
needs of the individual client, taking into consideration the nature of the services required, the
experience of the broker-dealer, the cost and quality of the services, and the reputation of the
broker-dealer. The client recognizes that broker-dealers have different cost and fee structures and
trade execution capabilities. As a result, there may be disparities with respect to the cost of
services and/or the transaction prices for securities transactions executed on behalf of the client.
Clients are responsible for assessing the commissions and other costs charged by broker-dealers.
Unless otherwise agreed with the client, broker-dealer recommendations, allocations and
other brokerage determinations may be made by a sub-adviser hired by 1834 to perform any or
all of 1834’s responsibilities under a client’s investment advisory agreement, including 1834’s
affiliate Old National Bank.
Soft Dollar Arrangements
1834 does not currently enter into “soft dollar” agreements whereby it receives research
or other products or services other than trade execution from a broker-dealer or a third party in
exchange for causing a client account to pay an amount of commission in excess of the amount
of commission another broker-dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction. 1834
does occasionally receive investment research from certain broker-dealers and custodians, such
as analyst reports. The provision of such research is not subject to any agreement between 1834
and any broker-dealer or custodian and is not provided in return for “soft dollar” commissions.
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BROKERAGE FOR CLIENT REFERRALS
When selecting broker-dealers to execute client trades, 1834 undertakes to be sensitive to
conflicts of interest, and where necessary, shall address conflicts by disclosure, client consent or
other appropriate action.
It is 1834’s policy also to be sensitive to possible conflicts of interest arising from the use
of broker-dealers to execute securities trades for clients referred to 1834 by such referring
broker. In such cases, in addition to the normal above-described periodic monitoring of trade
execution by brokers and periodic monitoring and evaluation of such relationships, 1834 gives
particular attention to commission rates paid to such referring brokers for trades executed
thereby in order to ensure that transaction costs charged by referring brokers constitute best
execution under the circumstances and given the client’s objectives. Where any adverse material
disparities are found by 1834 as between commission rates paid to a referring broker as
compared to other brokers and there is no proper basis for such disparity when all circumstances
are considered, 1834 contacts the referring broker for the purpose of remedying such disparity.
DIRECTED BROKERAGE
Occasionally, clients may direct 1834 to use a particular broker-dealer to execute
portfolio transactions for their accounts or request that certain types of securities not be
purchased for their accounts. Clients who designate the use of a particular broker-dealer should
be aware that they will lose any possible advantage 1834 derives from aggregating transactions.
1834 will generally not aggregate trades with other 1834 advisory clients, potentially subjecting
the client to inferior trade execution prices as well as higher commissions.
In determining whether to instruct 1834 to utilize a particular broker or dealer, the client
should compare the possible costs or disadvantages of such an arrangement with the value of the
services provided.
TRADE AGGREGATION
As an investment adviser, the firm has a fiduciary relationship to its clients. One of the
specific duties that flow from this relationship is a duty to seek the best execution of client
securities transactions when the adviser is in a position to direct brokerage transactions. While
not defined by statute or regulation, “best execution” generally means the execution of client
trades at the best net price considering all relevant circumstances. It is the firm’s policy to seek
best execution for client securities transactions.
Since 1834 manages accounts with similar investment objectives and strategies, the firm
may seek to aggregate orders for securities for such accounts. In such event, allocation of the
securities so purchased or sold, as well as expenses incurred in the transaction, is made by 1834
in the manner it considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to
such accounts. The price of the securities allocated is generally the average share price for all
transactions of the clients in that security on a given day with a given broker or custodian, with
all transaction costs shared on a pro rata basis, subject, however, to any minimum ticket or
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transaction charges imposed by the executing broker. Such aggregate orders may include
transactions for accounts for employee benefit plans to the extent permitted under ERISA section
406 (“Prohibited transactions”) and private investment vehicles, such as limited partnerships or
limited liability companies, in which 1834, its affiliates, principals or employees are among the
investors.
1834’s allocation procedures generally seek to allocate investment opportunities among
clients in the fairest possible way, taking into account clients’ best interests. 1834 will follow
procedures to ensure that allocations do not involve a practice of favoring or discriminating
against any client or group of clients. Account performance is not a factor in trade allocations.
Allocation of Trades
All equity allocations will customarily be made prior to the close of business on the trade
date. Bond allocations will be completed by trade date +1 and will not use account performance
as a factor in the allocation. In the event an order is “partially filled,” the allocation will be made
in the best interests of all the clients in the order, taking into account all relevant factors
including, but not limited to, the size of each client’s allocation, trading expenses, clients’
liquidity needs, and previous allocations. When allocating a partially filled equity order, it is
generally assumed that the unfinished portion will subsequently be filled. Therefore, our intent is
then to (i) limit client trading expenses, and (ii) fill orders on a pro rata basis. This policy also
applies if an order is “over-filled.”
Trade Errors
1834 takes affirmative steps to detect trade errors after trades are made and has
established internal policies and procedures governing the correction of trade errors. Upon
discovering an error, it is 1834’s policy to immediately undertake the steps necessary to correct
the trade and make the affected client whole. Under no circumstances will 1834 benefit when
correcting a trade error would otherwise result in a gain to the firm. Any gains resulting from
trade error corrections are donated to a charitable organization selected by the firm. A copy of
the entire 1834 trade error policy is available upon request.
ITEM 13. REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
Client accounts are reviewed annually for continued suitability of investments and to
ensure that the client’s investment objectives are being maintained and asset allocation is within
agreed IPS guidelines. Factors considered are age, risk tolerance, income requirements, and
client proclivities. These factors are paramount in establishing guidelines for overall asset
allocation. Common stocks are, generally, reviewed on the basis of sales and earnings growth,
dividend returns, valuations, volatility, and long-term prospects. Mutual funds, alternative funds,
and ETFs are reviewed as to their investment orientation and how well they fit with a client’s
overall investment objectives. Fixed income securities are evaluated primarily on the basis of
credit quality and maturity. Accounts are reviewed by one or a combination of the firm’s
portfolio managers.
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1834 sends clients quarterly reports describing their investments under management,
including securities held and their current market value, cost basis information, amounts of
annual dividends and interest, and percent yield at the market. At least quarterly, but in most
cases monthly, the account custodian also sends statements directly to clients showing the assets
and activity in their accounts. Clients should refer to formal tax documents received from the
custodian of their accounts for cost basis and tax reporting purposes.
ITEM 14. CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
If an unaffiliated person introduces a client to 1834, we may compensate that promoter
through direct or indirect compensation in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-1 of
the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and any corresponding state securities law requirements.
1834 pays any such cash referral fee to the promoter from our standard investment advisory fee.
Advisory fees paid by any referred client are neither increased nor reduced as a result of the
referral fee paid to the promoter by 1834.
The promoter will disclose at the time of the solicitation whether they are or are not a
current client of the firm; whether they will receive any cash or non-cash compensation for the
referral; and a statement that the receipt of compensation for a referral creates a conflict of
interest. In addition, the client will receive a copy of a written statement disclosing the terms and
conditions of the arrangement between 1834 and the promoter, including the compensation the
promoter will receive from 1834 and any material conflicts of interest on the part of the promoter
given the referral arrangement.
Also, from time to time, 1834 may take into account the fact that a broker-dealer has
referred advisory clients to 1834 when it places client trades. Since 1834 stands to earn advisory
fees on such referred clients, the practice raises a potential conflict of interest between 1834’s
incentive to attract new clients and the client’s desire for utilizing broker-dealers that provide the
best execution.
RELATIONSHIP WITH CHARLES SCHWAB
1834 Investment Advisors previously received client referrals from Charles Schwab &
Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) through 1834 Investment Advisors’ participation in Schwab Advisor
Network® (“the Service”). As of August 2024, 1834 Investment Advisors terminated its
relationship with the Service and will no longer be accepting referrals from the Service. For
those clients that were previously referred to 1834 Investment Advisors via the Service, 1834
Investment Advisors will continue to abide by the terms of the Service agreement. A description
of the Service is described below.
The Service is designed to help investors find an independent investment advisor.
Schwab is a broker-dealer independent of and unaffiliated with 1834 Investment Advisors.
Schwab does not supervise Advisor and has no responsibility for 1834 Investment Advisors
management of clients’ portfolios or Advisor’s other advice or services. 1834 Investment
Advisors pays Schwab fees to receive client referrals through the Service. 1834 Investment
Advisors’ participation in the Service raises potential conflicts of interest described below. 1834
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Investment Advisors pays Schwab a Participation Fee on all referred clients’ accounts that are
maintained in custody at Schwab and a separate one-time Transfer Fee on all accounts that are
transferred to another custodian. The Transfer Fee creates a conflict of interest that encourages
1834 Investment Advisors to recommend that client accounts be held in custody at Schwab. The
Participation Fee paid by 1834 Investment Advisors is a percentage of the value of the assets in
the client’s account. 1834 Investment Advisors pays Schwab the Participation Fee for so long as
the referred client’s account remains in custody at Schwab. The Participation Fee and any
Transfer fee is paid by 1834 Investment Advisors and not by the client. 1834 Investment
Advisors has agreed not to charge clients referred through the Service fees or costs greater than
the fees or costs 1834 Investment Advisors charges clients with similar portfolios who were not
referred through the Service. The Participation and Transfer Fees are based on assets in accounts
of 1834 Investment Advisors clients who were referred by Schwab and those referred clients’
family members living in the same household. Thus, 1834 Investment Advisors will have
incentives to recommend that client accounts and household members of clients referred through
the Service maintain custody of their accounts at Schwab.
ITEM 15. CUSTODY
1834 is authorized to debit advisory fees directly from client accounts. Because the
custodian does not calculate the fees to be deducted, clients are instructed to verify the amount
and contact 1834 if they believe there are errors. 1834 is also deemed to have custody of clients’
funds or securities when clients have standing letters of authorization (“SLOA”) with their
custodian to move money from a client’s account to a third-party and under that SLOA,
authorize 1834 to designate the amount or timing of transfers with the custodian. The SEC has
set forth a set of rules, including seven criteria for the SLOA, intended to protect client assets in
such situations, including that the firm will engage an independent public accountant that is
registered and subject to inspection by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board to
conduct an unannounced examination of client assets if all seven criteria of the SLOA are not
met.
Clients should receive at least quarterly account statements directly from their custodian
containing a description of all activity, cash balances and portfolio holdings in the client’s
account. 1834 urges its clients to compare the account balance(s) and activity shown on any
materials prepared by 1834 to the information shown on the client’s custodian's statement. The
custodian’s statement is the official record of the account.
ITEM 16.
INVESTMENT DISCRETION
1834 usually receives discretionary authority from the client at the outset of an advisory
relationship. In all cases, however, such discretion is to be exercised in a manner consistent with
the stated investment objectives for the particular client account as stated and agreed in the
investment advisory agreement. Any investment guidelines and restrictions that deviate from
those in the investment advisory agreement must be provided to 1834 in writing. When selecting
securities and determining amounts, 1834 observes the investment policies, limitations and
restrictions of the clients for which it advises. Client should understand any portfolio
management restrictions including but not limited to: holding specific securities, tax gain-loss
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instructions, or any other requests limiting 1834’s discretion over the account could result in a
material investment performance deviation from the performance of other accounts following a
similar investment objective.
ITEM 17. VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
1834 will vote proxies for securities held in a client account or take any action with
respect to voting of proxies only when such services are explicitly agreed to within the client’s
investment advisory agreement. If proxy voting services are not agreed to within the investment
advisory contract, clients will generally receive their proxies or other solicitations directly from
their custodians and may contact 1834 with any questions they have regarding a particular proxy
or solicitation.
When 1834 has proxy voting power with respect to securities in a client’s account as
specifically stated within the investment advisory agreement, it owes certain fiduciary duties
with respect to the voting of proxies. These fiduciary duties include (i) the duty of care, which
requires 1834 to monitor corporate events and to vote the proxies or abstain as determined to be
appropriate; and (ii) the duty of loyalty, which requires 1834 to put the client's interests before
1834's own interests and those of its affiliates.
With respect to client’s accounts in which 1834 has proxy voting power, 1834 has
adopted a Proxy Voting Policy. The Proxy Voting Policy sets forth the firm's policies and
procedures designed to ensure that it votes client's securities in the best interest of the client.
1834 will generally be authorized to take action and render any advice with respect to the voting
of proxies for securities held in the client’s account unless a client specifically instructs 1834 in
writing to vote such client's securities otherwise. 1834 will make an independent valuation for
each applicable company held in the client’s account in accordance with its fiduciary obligations
as detailed in this policy. Clients may contact 1834 for information about how the firm voted
with respect to any of the securities held in their accounts.
1834 has engaged a third-party service provider for proxy voting services. The third-party
proxy voting services are governed by the Proxy Voting Policy set forth by the firm. The firm is
responsible for ensuring that the third-party is meeting the requirements outlined by the duties or
care and loyalty described above.
A copy of the 1834 Proxy Voting Policy will be provided upon receipt of a written
request.
Unless otherwise agreed with the client, the voting of securities recommended by a sub-
adviser hired by 1834 to perform any or all of 1834’s responsibilities under a client’s investment
advisory agreement, including 1834’s affiliate Old National Bank, may be directed by that sub-
adviser pursuant to the terms of its sub-advisory agreement with 1834 and subject to the Client’s
investment advisory agreement with 1834.
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Securities Class Action Claims and Other Proceedings
Except as required by applicable law or as specifically stated within the investment
advisory agreement, 1834 will not be obligated to render advice or take any action on behalf of
clients with respect to assets presently or formerly held in their accounts that become the subject
of any legal proceedings, including bankruptcies. From time to time, securities held in the
accounts of clients will be the subject of class action lawsuits. 1834 has no obligation to
determine if securities held by the client are subject to a pending or resolved class action lawsuit.
1834 also has no duty to evaluate a client’s eligibility or to submit a claim to participate in the
proceeds of a securities class action settlement or verdict. Furthermore, 1834 has no obligation or
responsibility to initiate litigation to recover damages on behalf of clients who may have been
injured as a result of actions, misconduct negligence by corporate management of issuers whose
securities are held by clients. Where 1834 receives written or electronic notice of a class action
lawsuit, settlement or verdict affecting securities owned by a client, it will forward all notices,
proof of claim forms, and other materials to the client. Electronic mail is acceptable where
appropriate.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, 1834 has engaged a third-party service provider to
monitor and file securities claims class action litigation paperwork with claims administrators on
behalf of certain 1834 clients, as specifically stated within the investment advisory agreement.
When a client opts-out to this service, client information, such as name and account number, will
not be shared with the third-party provider in connection with this service. Clients may opt-out
by providing written notice to the firm.
The third-party provider earns a fee based on a flat percentage of all class action claims it
collects on behalf of participating 1834 clients. If you participate in this service, the third-party
provider will retain 15% of each claim recovery you are entitled to receive. This fee is collected
and retained by the third-party provider out of the claims paid by the claim administrator. 1834
does not receive any fees or remuneration in connection with this service nor does it receive any
fees from the third-party provider.
The Fair Funds for Investors provision was introduced under Section 308(a) or Sarbanes-
Oxley Act (SOX). The provision establishes a fund that holds money recovered from SEC civil
penalties levied against regulatory violators. The SEC maintains the right to distribute 100% of
the funds back to investors who were victimized. Because a third-party provider is not allowed to
retain any percentage of Fair Funds claim recoveries, the firm reserves the right to invoice clients
at a rate not to exceed 15% of the recovery to offset firm payment to the third-party provider for
their services on behalf of the client.
Except to the extent required by law, 1834 is not responsible or liable for providing
assistance to the third-party provider concerning monitoring or processing claims or any third-
party provider act or omission in monitoring or processing such claims. We have the right to
change the provider of this service or cease to offer a provider of this service. If we change the
provider of this service, we will notify the impacted clients.
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ITEM 18.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1834 does not require fees of more than $1,200 six months or more in advance from any
client, thus no financial statement for 1834 is attached. 1834 does not have any financial
condition that is reasonably likely to impair its ability to meet its contracted commitment to any
client.
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