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Item 1 - Cover Page
Part 2A of Form ADV (the “Brochure”)
Abra Capital Management, LP
1160 Battery Street East, Suite 100
San Francisco, California 94111
March 2026
This Brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of
Abra Capital Management, LP (“ACM”), a registered investment adviser. Registration
does not imply a certain level of skill or training but only indicates that ACM has
registered its business with state and federal regulatory authorities, including the United
States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). If you have any questions about the
contents of this Brochure, please contact us at acm@abra.com. The information in this
Brochure has not been approved or verified by the SEC or by any state securities
authority.
Additional information about Abra Capital Management, LP, is available on the SEC’s
website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Item 2 - Summary of Material Changes
Abra Capital Management LP does not consider the revisions in this version of its Brochure to
be materially different from the disclosures contained in its most recent other than annual
amendment dated February 2026. The updates primarily clarify, reorganize, and refine existing
language, including separating and consolidating certain sections, in order to improve
readability and reduce potential ambiguity, duplication, or inconsistency.
Item 4. Advisory Business. Abra Financial Holdings Inc., the indirect parent company of Abra
Capital Management LP, has publicly announced that it has entered into a definitive business
combination agreement with New Providence Acquisition Corp III (NASDAQ: NPAC).
Abra Capital Management, LP
1160 Battery Street East, Suite 100
San Francisco, California 94111
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Item 3 - Brochure Table of Contents
Item 1 - Cover Page ...................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2 - Summary of Material Changes........................................................................................................ 2
Item 3 - Brochure Table of Contents............................................................................................................. 3
Item 4 – Advisory Business .......................................................................................................................... 4
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation .................................................................................................................. 7
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management ............................................................ 11
Item 7 - Types of Clients ............................................................................................................................. 11
Item 8 - Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ..................................................... 12
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information .............................................................................................................. 21
Item 10 - Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ................................................................... 22
Item 11 - Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading ............... 23
Item 12 - Brokerage Practices ..................................................................................................................... 24
Item 15 – Custody ....................................................................................................................................... 29
Item 16 - Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................. 31
Item 17 - Voting Securities ......................................................................................................................... 32
Item 18 - Financial Information .................................................................................................................. 33
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Item 4 – Advisory Business
Company Description, Length of Business, and Principals
Abra Capital Management, LP (“ACM” or “Firm” or “Adviser”), a Delaware limited partnership
formed in August 2022 maintains its principal office at 1160 Battery Street East, Suite 100 San
Francisco, California 94111. ACM registered with the Securities Exchange Commission as an
investment adviser in 2024.
Abra Capital Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, serves as ACM’s general
partner and owns 100% controlling interest. Abra Financial Holdings, Inc., (“AFH”), a Delaware
corporation, is both the sole owner and Managing Member of Abra Capital Management. LLC.
(collectively referred to as “Abra”). AFH, the indirect parent company of ACM has publicly
announced that it has entered into a definitive business combination agreement with New
Providence Acquisition Corp III (NASDAQ: NPAC).
Abra is focused specifically on Digital Assets (defined below) with the Adviser focused on wealth
management strategies for clients seeking exposure. Abra was founded by Bill Barhydt. Key
leadership of the Adviser is Marissa Kim (Head of Asset Management).
these conflicts
ACM enters into intercompany arrangements with affiliates for technology, operational, and
support services. These arrangements create conflicts of interest, including potential economic
benefits
through disclosure, contractual
to affiliates. ACM addresses
arrangements, and internal policies and procedures.
Types of Advisory Services
Adviser provides investment management and Advisory services primarily with respect to
Digital Assets and digital asset–related investment strategies.
Services the Adviser can arrange for a Client include:
investment recommendations
risk monitoring and portfolio rebalancing
• portfolio construction and asset allocation among Digital Assets
•
• execution oversight for purchases and sales of Digital Assets
•
• participation in staking or validator-based strategies
• participation in digital asset lending or borrowing arrangements
• collateral management for digital asset positions
• participation in decentralized finance (“DeFi”) or protocol-based strategies
• other yield-generating digital asset investment strategies
(each one or more and collectively “Advisory Services”)
Abra Capital Management, LP
1160 Battery Street East, Suite 100
San Francisco, California 94111
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These services may be provided on either a discretionary or non-discretionary basis depending on
the authority granted in the Client’s Advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”).
ACM currently provides Advisory services to:
legacy private investment funds (each or collectively the “Fund”).
• separately managed accounts (“SMAs”), and
•
Throughout this brochure, each SMA client or Fund is referred to as a “Client.”
Digital Assets
“Digital Assets” generally refers to blockchain-based digital tokens or units of value recorded on
distributed ledger technology. Digital Assets may include, but are not limited to:
blockchain protocol tokens or “native tokens”
• cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ether
•
• USD-backed stablecoins or other fiat-referenced tokens
• alternative digital tokens (“altcoins”)
•
tokenized assets or security tokens
•
synthetic assets or other blockchain-based financial instruments
• non-fungible tokens (“NFTs”) where applicable
Advisory Agreements and Authority
Each Client enters into a written Advisory Agreement with ACM. The Advisory Agreement
specifies the scope of services and level of authority granted to ACM. ACM will not implement
recommended strategies without the Client’s authorization.
Discretionary Accounts,
For discretionary accounts Clients authorize Adviser to:
rebalance portfolios
take other actions necessary to implement investment strategies
• buy or sell Digital Assets
• allocate assets among investment strategies
•
• participate in staking, lending, or protocol-based strategies
•
ACM exercises discretionary authority within the scope defined in the Client’s Advisory
Agreement (“Authorized Actions”). Clients may modify or restrict such authority only through
written amendment to the Advisory Agreement.
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Non-Discretionary Accounts
For non-discretionary accounts, ACM may provide investment recommendations; however, Client
initiation or approval must be obtained before executing transactions.
Private Funds
ACM provided Advisory services to certain legacy funds. Legacy funds are no longer accepting
new investors. Information provided in this brochure relating to the funds is qualified in its entirety
by the applicable fund offering documents (“Offering Documents”), which contain the details
regarding investment strategies, fees, and risks.
This brochure does not constitute an offer to sell interests in any fund or securities. Any such offers
made are pursuant to their offering documents and applicable securities laws.
Tailoring Advisory Services and Restrictions
ACM’s Advisory services are focused primarily on Clients seeking to incorporate exposure to
Digital Asset investments and or strategies and are not intended to provide comprehensive
financial planning or wealth management services across all asset classes.
Importantly, in providing Advisory services, ACM relies on the extent and accuracy of
information disclosed by the Client such as:
financial circumstances
investment objectives
risk tolerance
investment experience
•
• net worth and liquid investable assets
•
•
•
ACM may tailor certain aspects of its Advisory services to a Client’s investment objectives and
restrictions as agreed upon in the Advisory Agreement negotiated.
Predefined Strategies
Advisory services that encompass predefined strategies may not be specifically tailored to the
individual circumstances in each transaction, rather assets the Client chooses to allocate a portion
of assets which are then generally implemented in accordance with the Adviser’s overall strategy
described.
Wrap Fee Programs
ACM does not participate in a wrap fee program.
Abra Capital Management, LP
1160 Battery Street East, Suite 100
San Francisco, California 94111
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Client Assets
As of December 31, 2025, ACM managed $334,730,631 in regulatory assets under management
(“RAUM”). Of this amount:
• $140,332,020 was managed on a discretionary basis, and
• $194,398,611 was managed on a non-discretionary basis.
Of this amount approximately $ 79,000,000. was allocated to predefined strategies.
Regulatory assets under management are calculated in accordance with the requirements of Form
ADV.
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation
A. Advisory Fees
Adviser charges Clients an Advisory fee for investment management services provided to Client
accounts. Advisory Fees generally range from 0.20% to 2.00% annually, depending on the
investment strategy selected, the size and composition of the Client’s portfolio, and the scope of
services provided.
Specific fee schedules and billing arrangements are disclosed in each Client’s Advisory Agreement
and for strategy selections available through the Abra Application.
Typical Advisory fee ranges include:
Annual Advisory Fee
0.20% of assets under management
up to 1.00% of assets under management
Strategy / Service
Digital Asset Custody
Staking and Yield Strategies (ETH, SOL,
USDC)
Digital Income Strategy
Collateral or Loan Management
up to 2.00% of assets under management
approximately 0.20% of assets under
management
Advisory Fees compensate Adviser for services including:
reporting and client servicing
• portfolio management
• digital asset strategy development
•
risk monitoring and oversight
• execution oversight
•
Advisory Fees are separate from trading spreads, blockchain network fees, lending costs, staking
infrastructure costs, or other third-party service fees, some of which are described below.
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Adviser may negotiate Advisory fees with certain Clients.
Yield Strategies (Yield, Lending, and Digital Asset Income)
Certain strategies seek to generate yield or income from digital asset holdings through activities
which may include:
• on-chain digital asset lending
• validator staking participation
• on-chain liquidity provisioning
• basis trades
Certain strategies may reference target or anticipated yield ranges for illustrative purposes only.
Such targets are not guaranteed and may not be achieved. Clients that allocate to these strategies
are not separately charged an asset-based Advisory fee, unless otherwise disclosed Rather where
excess yield is generated an Advisory fee may be calculated and earned. This structure creates
conflict of interest because Adviser has an incentive to generate excess yield and utilize strategies
capable of producing excess yield. Adviser addresses this conflict through internal supervisory
procedures including:
• strategy risk oversight
• counterparty due diligence
• portfolio monitoring
• compliance review
Yield targets, anticipated returns, or income rates are never guaranteed and will fluctuate based on
market conditions and volatility, counterparty performance, blockchain network conditions,
protocol changes, liquidity constraints, and other risks.
Fee Calculation and Digital Asset Valuation
Advisory Fees calculated on value are based on Digital Assets held in Client accounts. Digital
Assets valued using the U.S. dollar are based on the closing price as of 23:59:59 Coordinated
Universal Time (UTC) on the final day of the relevant billing period. Pricing data is generally
sourced from widely recognized digital asset pricing aggregators that compile market data from
multiple exchanges. Such pricing sources may include CoinMarketCap or similar pricing
providers.
Because Digital Asset prices can vary between trading venues, price differences affect asset
valuations and any calculations based upon such values. ACM seeks to apply a consistent valuation
methodology in adopting valuation policy.
Abra Capital Management, LP
1160 Battery Street East, Suite 100
San Francisco, California 94111
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Billing Practices and Fee Deduction
Advisory Fees based on the average daily balance of assets under management during the billing
period are generally calculated monthly in arrears. Clients authorize Advisory Fee payment in
accordance with the terms of the Advisory Agreement.
For each digital asset in a yield or collateral strategy, ACM arrives at both in-kind and USD end-
of-day value. The sum of those daily values is divided by the number of days in the month to arrive
at the average daily balance (ADB). ADB is used to calculate the monthly fee by multiplying it at
the monthly fee rate (1/12 of the annual fee rate) which can vary by product and strategy.
The ACM’s end of the month invoice details itemized fee calculations. ACM does an automate
sweep of the invoiced amount from the reserve portion of account. Where USDC is not available
the equivalent value of BTC or ETH may be used. If there aren’t sufficient assets the balance will
roll forward to future invoices. Client should be aware that fees and costs paid in-kind in BTC or
ETH can cause a taxable event. Client statements inform on:
• assets under management
• digital asset balances
•
transaction history
•
unrealized gains and losses
• Advisory fees charged
• portfolio allocations
Nonpayment of fees or costs can cause restrictions on further transactions other than liquidation,
and accrue other costs, until payments are satisfied, all subject to the Advisory Agreement and in
accordance with the Adviser’s fiduciary duties.
B. Other Costs and Expenses
Advisory Fees described above do not include the costs and expenses that may be associated with
digital asset transactions or services chosen by the Client. In such cases, Clients will incur
additional expenses not limited to:
lending counterparty fees
• Digital Asset trading or swapping spreads, including Digital Asset wrapping fees
• blockchain transaction fees, such as network transaction fees or bridging fees
• USD/Digital Asset conversion fees
• wire fees
• staking validator infrastructure costs
•
Costs associated with Client requests and third-party providers are generally paid by the Client
and apply whether the Client’s investments generate profits or losses. Typical costs may include:
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Typical Cost
included in execution spread
approximately 0.10% plus bank fees
Transaction
Digital Asset trading
USD wire conversion to stablecoin approximately 0.10%
Stablecoin conversion to USD
Blockchain network transaction fees pass-through at cost
Asset wrapping or bridging
Loan origination
up to approximately 0.25%
up to approximately 1.00% of loan amount
These costs can change based on market conditions, blockchain network congestion, and service
provider pricing.
Certain SMA Clients incur a custody fee of up to 0.20% annually, calculated monthly based on
the average U.S. dollar market value of Digital Assets held. Assets deployed into certain
investment strategies or non-discretionary programs accessed through Abra’s application (the
“Abra App”) may not be included in the custody fee calculation. Additional details regarding
custody fees are provided in the Advisory Agreement.
Execution Pricing and Trading Spreads
Where Digital Asset transactions are executed through exchanges, liquidity providers, market
makers, or other counterparties, the transaction cost can include spreads above or below prevailing
market prices. These spreads can incorporate compensation to liquidity providers or other service
providers involved in executing transactions.
Clients should be aware that execution cost can differ from price quotes displayed on public
exchanges.
ACM seeks to ensure execution is obtained through providers that can be reasonable under the
circumstances, which may be based on liquidity, market conditions, available counterparties or
other conditions.
C. Prepayment of Fees and Refunds
ACM does not require prepayment. If a Client prepaid Advisory fees prior to the end of the billing
period, any unearned portion of the prepaid Advisory fee will be refunded on a prorated basis as
of the termination date.
D. Compensation for Sale of Investment Products
Neither Adviser nor its supervised persons receive:
• commissions
Abra Capital Management, LP
1160 Battery Street East, Suite 100
San Francisco, California 94111
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referral compensation for recommending securities or investment products.
• asset-based sales charges
• distribution fees
•
ACM’s compensation is derived solely from Advisory fees or strategy-based compensation
described above.
Clients may execute transactions through brokers, exchanges, custodians, or other service
providers not affiliated with ACM.
Adviser does not charge Advisory fees in addition to commissions or markups imposed by third
parties, nor does it offset Advisory fees against such commissions.
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
ACM manages multiple Client accounts simultaneously, including accounts that pay different
types of fees or participate in different investment strategies. This practice is commonly referred
to as side-by-side management. Side-by-side management creates conflicts of interest. For
example:
• ACM could have an incentive to allocate more favorable investment opportunities to
accounts that generate higher fees.
• Accounts with performance-linked compensation arrangements could create incentives to
favor those accounts over accounts paying only asset-based fees.
• ACM could theoretically allocate profitable transactions to certain accounts while
allocating less favorable trades to others.
These conflicts are commonly referred to as trade allocation conflicts or “cherry-picking.”
ACM has adopted policies and procedures designed to mitigate these risks, including:
• Trade allocation policies designed to allocate investment opportunities fairly across
Clients
• Supervisory review of trade allocations
• Compliance monitoring
• Periodic reviews by ACM’s compliance personnel
These procedures are intended to ensure that investment opportunities are allocated in a manner
that ACM believes is fair and equitable to all Clients, taking into account each Client’s investment
objectives, strategy parameters, liquidity needs, and regulatory considerations.
Additional information regarding trade allocation practices is described under Item 10 – Other
Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations – Allocation of Investment Opportunities.
Item 7 - Types of Clients
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A. Minimum Account
There is no minimum account size for Clients.
B. Clients
ACM generally provides Advisory Services to:
1. SMAs, for individuals, trusts, family offices and institutions; and
2. Legacy funds Abra Tron Trust, a Delaware statutory trust, Abra Zilliqa Trust, a Delaware
statutory trust and Plutus Lending LLC (“PLL Fund”) a Delaware limited liability
company are not open to new investors. The PLL Funds are legacy accounts. The fee
structures and investment objectives and strategies are detailed in the respective Fund
Offering Documents. The Funds are exempt from registration under the Investment
Company Act of 1940 as amended, and whose securities are not registered under the
Securities Act of 1933 as amended.
Item 8 - Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
A. Executive Investment Committee Methods and Analysis
ACM’s Executive Investment Committee (“EIC”) is responsible for establishing, supervising,
and monitoring Adviser’s investment strategies and related investment policies. The EIC oversees
the implementation of strategies and may, in its discretion, delegate certain responsibilities to
subcommittees or designated managers, subject to ongoing supervision. Members of the EIC are
selected based on their education and/or experience in digital asset markets, including trading,
lending, staking, and decentralized yield strategies.
The EIC determines, in its discretion, which strategies are made available as part of the ACM’s
Advisory services. In evaluating potential strategies, the EIC may consider a range of qualitative
and quantitative factors, which may include, but are not limited to: (i) historical performance
characteristics; (ii) the experience, quality, and resources of the development or management team
associated with a protocol or application; (iii) the operating history and maturity of the protocol
or application; (iv) the scope and frequency of third-party audits by reputable smart contract
auditing firms; (v) any known history of security incidents, exploits, or material bugs; (vi)
measures of usage, assets deployed, and available liquidity, including total value locked (“TVL”)
and exit liquidity; (vii) governance structure and mechanisms; (viii) potential centralization or
governance concentration risks; and (ix) operational, technological, and implementation risks.
Where demand for a particular yield or investment strategy exceeds available capacity, client
participation is allocated in accordance with ACM’s written Allocation Policy. The consideration
of the foregoing factors does not eliminate the risks associated with any strategy. Additional risks
related to Digital Assets and related strategies are described under “Risk Factors”.
Abra Capital Management, LP
1160 Battery Street East, Suite 100
San Francisco, California 94111
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ACM can employ any combination of analysis tools, such as fundamental, market, and protocol-
based analysis for evaluating Digital Assets and digital asset investment opportunities, such as:
• Fundamental analysis, including evaluation of blockchain protocols, token economics,
governance structures, developer activity, and adoption trends.
• Market analysis, including liquidity, volatility, trading volume, and price behavior across
digital asset exchanges.
• Protocol analysis, including review of staking mechanisms, validator incentives,
consensus models, and smart contract architecture.
• Liquidity analysis, including evaluation of liquidity across decentralized financed
platforms or exchanges.
ACM may evaluate macroeconomic factors, regulatory developments, and technological changes
that may impact the digital asset ecosystem. These analyses rely on publicly available blockchain
data, market data providers, industry research, and internal analysis. No investment strategy can
guarantee success or eliminate the risk of loss
Yield and Income Strategies
ACM can create strategies designed to generate income or yield from Digital Asset holdings (the
“Yield Strategies”). The Yield Strategies can include:
• DeFi based lending and borrowing
• Staking and liquid staking with or without looping
• Liquidity provision with hedging
• Fixed rate yield for term
• Stablecoin lending with or without looping
• Hedging of stake
• Options
• Funding rate arbitrage
Conflicts of Interest
ACM’s Executive Investment Committee has discretion in selecting, approving, and allocating
investment strategies and opportunities among Clients. As a result, Clients may participate in
similar strategies at different times or on different terms, which may lead to differences in
performance outcomes. In addition, capacity limitations, liquidity constraints, or operational
considerations may affect the timing or availability of certain strategies for particular Clients. The
Adviser has an incentive to allocate Client assets to strategies that generate higher fees or
performance-based compensation. ACM seeks to manage these potential conflicts, in accordance
with its fiduciary obligations through written policies and procedures, including its Allocation
Policy, but such measures may not entirely eliminate all conflicts or their effects.
Conflicts of Interest Related to Protocol Development
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ACM or its affiliates may have financial interests associated with certain digital asset protocols
in Client portfolio. With respect to the AbraFi protocol, members of the Abra team contributed to
aspects of the protocol’s development. As a result, ACM or its affiliates may receive or hold
allocations of AFI governance tokens or other economic interests associated with the protocol.
Because the value of such tokens or interests may increase as adoption or use of the protocol
grows, ACM and its affiliates have a financial incentive related to the protocol. This incentive
could create a potential conflict of interest when evaluating whether the protocol is appropriate
for use in client strategies. ACM addresses this potential conflict through its fiduciary obligations
under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, by:
• internal investment committee review of strategies
• risk and operational due diligence of protocols
• disclosure of conflicts of interest to clients
• ongoing monitoring of strategy suitability
Clients should remain aware that ACM’s economic interests in protocol-related tokens or other
assets may differ from client interests.
B. Portfolio Strategies
The Adviser offers investment strategies described below.
Staking (Proof-of-Stake (“PoS”) Networks)
Staking Strategies involve committing Digital Assets to participate in the validation, consensus,
or security of POS blockchain networks in exchange for rewards. The Adviser uses liquid staking
as well as looping, which involves repeated borrowing and restaking of liquid staking tokens.
Staking involves risks not generally associated with traditional securities investment, including
validator performance risk, protocol or governance changes, and technical or operational failures.
Staked assets can be subject to lock-up or unbonding periods during which they cannot be
withdrawn or transferred, limiting liquidity. In certain circumstances, staked assets can be subject
to “slashing,” penalties, or partial confiscation due to validator errors, downtime, or violations of
protocol rules. Staking rewards are variable and not guaranteed and can decline materially or
cease entirely due to changes in network participation, economics, or protocol rules.
Lending and Borrowing (Decentralized Lending Protocols(“DAPPs”))
Lending Strategies involve lending Digital Assets through DAPPs that operate on public
blockchain networks and execute transactions via smart contracts. These arrangements expose
Clients to protocol, and smart contract risks, or the risk that protocol mechanisms fail. Smart
contract vulnerabilities, oracle failures, governance attacks, or protocol changes can result in
partial or total loss of principal. Interest or rewards paid in-kind or in a protocol’s native Digital
Abra Capital Management, LP
1160 Battery Street East, Suite 100
San Francisco, California 94111
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Asset are subject to market volatility and can decline in value. The protocol does not involve a
traditional legal counterparty; however, users are exposed to smart contract, oracle, liquidity, and
governance-related risks that function similarly to counterparty risk.
Liquidity Provision
Liquidity Provision strategies involve contributing Digital Assets as a liquidity provider to
decentralized exchange (“DEX”) protocols to facilitate trading between Digital Asset pairs.
Certain protocols may also support leveraged or margin trading by third parties, which may
increase volatility, liquidation activity, and associated risks to liquidity providers. Liquidity
providers can receive a share of transaction fees or other incentives paid in-kind. The Adviser
may seek to reduce directional market exposure through hedging strategies; however, such
strategies may not be effective. See additional Risks in Item 8.
Portfolio Allocation
Adviser may construct diversified portfolios consisting of Digital Assets such as Bitcoin,
Ethereum, and other blockchain-based assets.
Portfolio construction may consider:
liquidity
technology characteristics
• market capitalization
•
• network adoption
•
• portfolio diversification
Aggregation
Client retains separate account ownership, owning proportional participation in the strategy.
C. Risk of Loss and Digital Asset Investment Risks
General Risk of Loss; Speculative and Volatile Markets
Investing in Digital Assets involves a high degree of risk, including the potential loss of the entire
amount invested. Digital asset markets are speculative and subject to extreme price volatility,
rapid changes in liquidity, and evolving market structure. Digital assets generally do not have the
same consumer protections, regulatory oversight, or insurance protections typically associated
with traditional financial markets. Clients should have the financial ability to bear the total loss
of their digital asset allocation. The risks described below are not exhaustive, and additional risks
may arise.
D. Market and Portfolio Risks
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Concentration and Allocation Risk
Client portfolios may be concentrated in particular Digital Assets, blockchain networks, sectors,
or protocols. Concentration may increase the magnitude of losses during adverse market
conditions. Conversely,
to outperforming asset classes may cause
lower allocations
underperformance relative to broader markets.
Correlation and Diversification Risk
Digital assets may not provide diversification benefits. Correlations between Digital Assets and
other risk assets, including equities, may increase during periods of market stress, potentially
resulting in simultaneous declines across otherwise diversified portfolios.
Liquidity and Market Disruption Risk
Digital asset markets may experience reduced liquidity, wide bid–ask spreads, slippage, trading
halts, venue outages, or rapid changes in market depth. Market disruptions may impair a Client’s
ability to buy, sell, transfer, or withdraw Digital Assets at desired prices, or at all.
Digital Asset Trading Venue Risk
Digital asset trading occurs primarily on electronic trading venues that may be subject to
operational failures, cyber incidents, fraud, insolvency, or regulatory intervention. If a trading
venue used by the Adviser becomes insolvent, suspends withdrawals, or experiences operational
disruption, Clients may experience delays or losses in accessing or transferring Digital Assets.
Digital Asset Valuation Risk
Digital asset prices may vary significantly across trading venues. Valuation of Digital Assets for
reporting or fee calculation purposes may rely on pricing data from third-party sources, which
may differ from prices available on other exchanges.
E. Strategy Risks
Digital Asset Yield Strategy Risk
The Yield Strategies differ materially from traditional income-producing investments and involve
significant and unusual risks, including the risk of total loss. Yield Strategies may involve staking,
lending, liquidity provisioning, collateralized financing transactions, or participation in
decentralized protocols. These strategies expose Clients to risks including validator performance
failures, slashing penalties, collateral liquidation, protocol failures, liquidity lockups, delayed
withdrawals, and loss of assets pledged as collateral.
Abra Capital Management, LP
1160 Battery Street East, Suite 100
San Francisco, California 94111
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Returns from Yield Strategies are variable and not guaranteed. Adverse market conditions,
protocol failures, counterparty insolvency, or regulatory actions could result in losses that exceed
earned yield or the loss of the entire amount invested.
Yield Strategies may also involve exposure to underlying digital asset market movements (“beta
risk”) and may involve incidental exposure to protocol tokens or similar Digital Assets.
Staking, Lending, and Liquidity Provision Risk
Strategies involving staking, lending, or liquidity provisioning depend on the proper functioning
of validators, counterparties, or decentralized protocols. Failures by validators or lending
counterparties, network disruptions, governance decisions, or protocol vulnerabilities may result
in partial or total loss of assets involved in such strategies.
Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Risk
Certain strategies may involve decentralized finance protocols that operate through automated
smart contracts without centralized oversight. DeFi protocols may be vulnerable to coding errors,
governance attacks, exploits, liquidity failures, or other technical vulnerabilities that could result
in loss of Digital Assets.
Smart Contract Risk
Certain strategies rely on smart contracts deployed on blockchain networks. Smart contracts may
contain coding errors, design flaws, or security vulnerabilities that could result in loss of Digital
Assets.
F. Technology and Network Risks
Blockchain Network and Protocol Risk
Digital assets depend on blockchain networks, cryptographic protocols, and, in many cases, smart
contracts. Protocol upgrades, forks, bugs, governance actions, validator or miner concentration,
censorship, or network congestion may adversely affect the functionality, security, transferability,
or value of Digital Assets.
Certain Digital Assets provide governance rights; however, the Adviser’s custody or operational
infrastructure may not support participation in all governance activities, and Clients may be unable
to exercise such rights.
Fork and Airdrop Risk
Blockchain networks may experience forks or protocol changes that result in the creation of new
Digital Assets. The Adviser may determine, in its discretion, whether and how to support such
events. Clients may not receive assets resulting from forks or airdrops, and such events may affect
the value or functionality of Digital Assets held in Client accounts.
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Blockchain Network Fee Risk
Transactions on blockchain networks require payment of network transaction fees. During periods
of network congestion, transaction fees may increase significantly, which may delay transactions
or make certain transfers economically impractical.
Network Concentration Risk
Certain blockchain networks may be influenced by a relatively small number of validators, miners,
developers, or governance participants. Concentration of control may affect network governance,
transaction processing, or network security.
Governance Capture Risk
Certain blockchain networks allow token holders to vote on protocol changes or governance
matters. Concentration of voting power among a small group of token holders or network
participants could allow such participants to influence protocol rules, transaction validation, or
economic outcomes in ways that adversely affect other participants.
Validator Concentration and Slashing Risk
Certain blockchain networks that use proof-of-stake or similar consensus mechanisms rely on
validators to confirm transactions and maintain network security. If a validator fails to perform its
duties correctly, engages in misconduct, or experiences technical failures, the network may impose
penalties known as “slashing,” which can result in the loss of a portion of staked Digital Assets.
In addition, validator participation on certain networks may be concentrated among a relatively
small number of participants. Concentration of validation power could increase operational,
governance, or security risks. If validators controlling significant portions of network activity
experience outages, technical failures, or coordinated attacks, the network’s stability or security
may be adversely affected.
Clients participating in staking strategies may therefore experience losses associated with validator
failures, slashing penalties, or disruptions in validator operations.
Cross-Chain Bridge and Interoperability Risk
Certain digital asset ecosystems rely on cross-chain bridges or interoperability protocols that allow
Digital Assets to move between different blockchain networks. These bridge systems may rely on
complex smart contracts, validator networks, or custodial mechanisms.
Cross-chain bridges have historically been targets of cybersecurity exploits and technical failures.
Vulnerabilities, coding errors, governance attacks, or operational failures associated with bridge
infrastructure may result in loss of Digital Assets or disruption of network functionality.
If Digital Assets held in Client accounts rely on bridge infrastructure or wrapped asset
representations across networks, failures or exploits affecting such systems may result in loss,
delays in transfers, or reduced liquidity.
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G. Operational and Security Risks
Cybersecurity Risk
Client accounts and Adviser operations are subject to cybersecurity risks, including unauthorized
access, credential compromise, ransomware, denial-of-service attacks, data theft, or other cyber
incidents. Cyber incidents may result in losses, operational disruption, reputational harm, and
regulatory exposure. No cybersecurity program can eliminate all risks.
Software and Operational Risk
The Adviser and its service providers rely on software, trading systems, and technology
infrastructure. Systems may fail, contain errors, or perform in unexpected ways, resulting in
delayed execution, incorrect transfers, unexpected costs, or losses. Operational errors or failures
by the Adviser or third-party service providers may adversely impact Client accounts.
Theft, Irreversibility, and Loss of Access
Digital asset transactions are generally irreversible once confirmed on a blockchain. Losses may
result from hacking, malware, social engineering, operational error, validator failures, smart
contract vulnerabilities, or misconduct by custodians or counterparties. Misappropriated or
misdirected Digital Assets may not be recoverable.
Risks of Strategies
Strategies involve additional risks including:
• availability among clients
• operational complexity breakdown in tracking proportional interests
•
delays in withdrawals to unwind positions
• dependency on protocol or validator performance
• potential liquidity constraints.
If an operational error occurs client accounts could experience delays resulting in losses and
corrections.
H. Third-Party Risks
Key Management Risk
Client Digital Assets are managed with multi-party computation (“MPC”) or similar key-
management arrangements
involving multiple systems and service providers. Failure,
compromise, or malfunction of any component of such systems may delay access to assets or result
in loss.
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Third-Party Service Provider Risk
Where the Adviser relies on third parties such as exchanges, they may restrict activity based on
legal, operational, or risk considerations. Financial distress, insolvency, fraud, cyber incidents, or
regulatory actions affecting any service provider can impair Client access to assets and in a way
that results in losses.
Stablecoin Reserve Transparency Risk
Certain stablecoins rely on reserve assets held by issuers or custodians to maintain their value. If
reserves are insufficient, improperly managed, or lack transparency, stablecoins may lose their peg
to the underlying reference asset.
I. Regulatory and Structural Risks
Regulatory and Legal Risk
The regulatory treatment of Digital Assets and related activities, including staking, lending, and
yield strategies, can evolve, be ambiguous or uncertain. Changes in laws, regulations, regulatory
guidance, or enforcement actions can adversely affect the value of Digital Assets, the availability
of service providers, compliance costs, and the Adviser’s ability to implement strategies.
No FDIC or SIPC Protection; Limited Insurance
Digital Assets are generally not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and
are not protected by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC).The FDIC does not
cover crypto assets, even if held at an insured bank. SIPC only protects registered securities,
excluding most Digital Assets unless specifically registered with the SEC Any private insurance
coverage may be limited and subject to exclusions.
J. Macroeconomic and Business Risks
Macroeconomic Risk
Macroeconomic conditions such as changes in interest rates, inflation, global liquidity, or currency
fluctuations may adversely affect digital asset valuations and market liquidity.
Key Personnel Risk
The Adviser’s performance depends in part on the continued service of key personnel. The loss of
key personnel could adversely affect the Adviser’s ability to implement strategies or manage risk.
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Force Majeure Risk
Events beyond the control of the Adviser or its service providers, including natural disasters, war,
terrorism, pandemics, sanctions, power failures, or government intervention, may disrupt markets
and operations and cause losses.
The tax treatment of Digital Assets and yield-generating activities, including staking rewards and
lending income, is complex and uncertain. Tax rules may change, and taxable events may occur
even when assets are illiquid or not distributed. The Adviser does not provide tax advice, and
Clients should consult their own tax advisers regarding the tax consequences of digital asset
investments.
K. Asset-Specific Digital Asset Risks
Bitcoin (BTC) Risk
Bitcoin operates on a decentralized network maintained by independent miners who validate
transactions. Bitcoin is subject to significant volatility and may be adversely affected by regulatory
developments, changes in mining economics, network congestion, cybersecurity incidents, or
government restrictions affecting the ability to transact in Bitcoin.
Ethereum (ETH) Risk
Ether is the native asset of the Ethereum network, which supports smart contracts and decentralized
applications. Risks include smart contract vulnerabilities, validator failures, protocol upgrades,
network congestion, governance decisions, and competition from alternative blockchain platforms.
Solana (SOL) Risk
Solana is subject to high volatility, historical network outages, and regulatory uncertainty
regarding its classification. Risks include validator concentration, network disruptions, smart
contract vulnerabilities, and liquidity lockups associated with staking.
Stablecoin Risk
Stablecoins are designed to maintain a value pegged to a reference asset, such as the U.S. dollar.
Stablecoins may experience de-pegging, reserve insufficiency, liquidity constraints, issuer risk, or
regulatory intervention affecting issuers or banking partners. Stablecoins are not guaranteed to
maintain a stable value and may trade at a premium or discount during periods of market stress.
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information
Adviser is required to disclose all material facts regarding any legal or disciplinary events that
could be material to a Client’s evaluation of the Adviser or the integrity of its management. Adviser
was not a party to the proceedings below and maintains policies and procedures designed to
promote compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws. These proceedings,
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settlements, and restrictions did not include the Adviser and does not affect Adviser’s ability to
provide Advisory services herein.
A. Disciplinary Information Regarding PLL
In 2023 and 2024, Plutus Lending LLC (an affiliate of ACM) (PLL) entered into multiple
regulatory settlements relating to certain offerings. PLL neither admitted nor denied the findings
in these matters.
In January 2024, PLL entered into a multi-state settlement led by the Texas State Securities Board
and joined by 30 or more other states. Under the terms of the settlement, PLL returned customer
Digital Assets in accordance with the settlement terms.
In June 2024, PLL entered a similar settlement with state money transmitter regulators led by the
Washington Department of Financial Institutions. PLL complied with the terms of the settlement.
On August 24, 2024, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) settled charges
against PLL that alleged unregistered offers and sales of securities and operation, as an
unregistered investment company. Without admitting or denying the SEC’s allegations, PLL
consented to the entry of a final judgment in January 2025 that included an injunction and the
payment of a $1.65 million civil penalty.
B. Disciplinary Information Regarding Certain Affiliates
Certain entities associated with members of ACM’s management, including entities operating
under the Abra brand, such as Plutus Financial, Inc. and Plutus Technologies Philippines Corp.
were the subject of regulatory investigations relating to digital asset lending products that led to
settlements with U.S. federal and state regulators for licensing violations and in providing certain
digital asset services. These matters were resolved without admission or denials of the regulators’
findings, through these settlements. Affiliates guaranteed and satisfied an orderly return of
customer Digital Assets in those certain jurisdictions, a wind-down of certain U.S. retail business
operations and satisfied the payment of the civil monetary penalties the parties agreed upon. These
certain entities and individuals also agreed to temporary restrictions on activities requiring specific
licensing for that defined period of time.
Item 10 - Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
ACM (Abra Capital Management LLC), a limited liability company, with a principal office at
1160 Battery Street East, Suite 100 San Francisco, California 94111, is a wholly owned subsidiary
of AFH (Abra Financial Holdings Inc.), a Delaware holding company operating businesses
related to Digital Assets. AFH develops and operates technology and other strategies through
affiliate entities to facilitate the expansion of digital asset related business enterprise services it
can offer to clients. AFH provides and supports ACM with certain technology including the
“Abra Application” wherein Clients are informed and can deploy into strategies in accordance
with fees listed.
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In fulfilling its duties to its Clients, Adviser endeavors to put the interests of its Clients first.
However, Clients should be aware that AFH or ACM’s affiliates can receive economic benefits
from affiliate commercial activities. Adviser manages conflicts through disclosures, to enable
Clients to make informed decisions and through policies and procedures that require it to act in
the Client’s best interests.
Item 11 - Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading
Code of Ethics
Pursuant to SEC Rule 204A-1, ACM as an SEC- as a registered investment advisers whose certain
employees, and personnel (supervised persons) have access to client information or securities
recommendations (“Access Persons”) has adopted and maintains a written code of ethics they
must abide by. Access Persons include, generally, any partner, officer or director and any
employee or other supervised person of the Adviser who, in relation to the clients, (1) has access
to non-public information regarding any purchase or sale of securities, or non-public information
regarding securities holdings or (2) is involved in making securities recommendations, executing
securities recommendations or has access to such recommendations that are nonpublic.
The Code sets forth a standard of business conduct that takes into account the Adviser’s status as
a fiduciary and requires employees to place the interests of our clients above their own interests
and the interests of the Adviser. The Code also requires employees to comply with applicable
federal securities laws. The Code sets forth certain reporting and pre-clearance requirements with
respect to personal trading by Access Persons. Moreover, the Code seeks to ensure the protection
of nonpublic information about the activities of our clients. The Adviser’s personnel are required
to certify to their compliance with the Code of Ethics on an annual basis. For purposes of ACM’s
Code of Ethics, ACM treats Digital Assets that qualify as traditional securities similarly by
subjecting employees to the same safeguards, prohibitions, and disclosures. Employees are
required to promptly bring violations of the Code to the attention of the Adviser’s Chief
Compliance Officer (the “CCO”).
ACM will provide a copy of the Code of Ethics to any Client or prospective Client upon request
by emailing their customer service representative or email above.
ACM endeavors to make decisions in the best interest of its Clients, and to eliminate, mitigate,
and/or disclose material conflicts of interest that arise between ACM and Clients. In order to
monitor conflicts of interest, ACM monitors non-discretionary transactions in the personal
accounts of its employees and contractors designated as “Access Persons”, including investing in
Digital Assets. An Access Person must disclose on an initial and annual basis the holdings of all
personal investment accounts, as well as all transactions in such accounts on a quarterly basis.
It is the express policy of ACM that no person employed by ACM use material, non-public
information obtained during the course of their work in deciding whether to purchase or sell any
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asset prior to any pending transaction(s) being executed for an Advisory account. This policy is
intended to prevent employees from benefiting from transactions placed on behalf of Advisory
accounts.
Securities in Which the Adviser or a Related Person Has a Material Financial Interest
ACM and its supervised persons may buy or sell securities, including Digital Assets, for their
own accounts that are the same as, or different from, those recommended to Clients. In addition,
certain supervised persons or related persons of ACM may be Clients of the Adviser.
From time to time, ACM or a related person may have a material financial interest in a security
or Digital Asset that is also recommended to Clients. In such circumstances, ACM or such related
person may have an incentive to recommend transactions in those assets.
ACM seeks to manage these potential conflicts of interest through its Code of Ethics, which
includes personal trading policies, reporting and monitoring requirements, and restrictions
designed to ensure that Client interests are placed ahead of those of ACM and its personnel.
Securities Adviser or Related Person Recommends Same Investments
From time to time, ACM or a related person may recommend the same investments in a security
or Digital Asset that is also recommended to Clients. In such circumstances, ACM or such related
person could be incentivized to recommend transactions in those assets causing a potential
conflict.
ACM seeks to manage these potential conflicts of interest through its Code of Ethics, which
includes personal trading policies, reporting and monitoring requirements, and restrictions
designed to ensure that Client interests are placed ahead of those of ACM and its personnel.
Adviser Client Simultaneous Purchases
Where a related person recommends securities to Clients, or buys or sells securities for Client
accounts, at or about the same time that the related person or Fund buys or sells the same securities
for its own (or the related person's own) account, ACM seeks to manage these potential conflicts
of interest through its Code of Ethics, which includes allocation and personal trading policies,
reporting and monitoring requirements, and restrictions designed to ensure that Client interests
are placed ahead of those of ACM and its personnel.
Item 12 - Brokerage Practices
Regulation of Digital Assets continues to develop globally. Regulatory authorities and legislative
bodies evaluating and implement laws and issue guidance that can affect how Digital Assets are
classified, held, and used in Advisory strategies. These changes could impose additional
regulatory obligations or limitations on these investment activities that may compel the Adviser
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to modify its business practices. As a result, regulatory developments can impact digital asset
investments or the Adviser’s ability to offer certain digital asset-related strategies and service
providers Adviser contracts. Adviser generally monitors these conditions to ensure it maintains
an effective compliance framework pursuant to such legislation and guidance.
A. Broker Selection Factors
Adviser may facilitate transaction on behalf of its Clients through contracts with service providers
who can accommodate Digital Assets. At Adviser’s discretion it may use or implement
technology of providers and its services to fulfill orders.
A Client can transfer Digital Assets in-kind (through a blockchain transaction) to their SMA or
to withdraw Digital Assets in-kind (through a blockchain transaction).
The factors at the core of Adviser consideration or limitations in selecting or recommending
service providers for client transactions, and determining the reasonableness of their
compensation (e.g., commissions), are based on the quality and extent of any services they make
available related to Digital Assets.
Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits.
1.
Adviser does not receive research or other products or services other than execution from a
broker-dealer or a third party in connection with client securities transactions (“soft dollar
benefits”), The Adviser does not receive research, whether proprietary research (created or
developed by the broker-dealer) or research created or developed by a third party.
a. Use of Brokerage Commissions
The Adviser does not use client brokerage commissions (or markups or markdowns) to obtain
research or other products or services, nor receive a benefit because it does not have to produce
or pay for the research, products or services.
b. Research and Service Incentive
Adviser does not have an incentive to select or recommend a broker-dealer based on any
interest in receiving research or other products or services, rather than on our clients’
interest in receiving most favorable execution.
c. Commission Soft dollar Benefits- Markups and Markdowns
Adviser does not cause clients to pay commissions (or markups or markdowns) higher than those
charged by other broker-dealers in return for soft dollar benefits (paying-up).
d. Soft Dollar Benefits & Allocations
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Adviser does not have soft dollar benefits for service clients’ accounts nor is paid for benefits. If
Adviser were to receive them, they would allocate soft dollar benefits to client accounts
proportionately to the soft dollar credits the accounts generate.
e. Related Person Commission Acquisitions
There are no types of products or services the adviser or any of its related persons acquired with
client brokerage commissions (or markups or markdowns) within your last fiscal year.
f. Directing Client Transactions
The Adviser has not directed client transactions to a particular broker-dealer in return for soft
dollar benefits.
Brokerage for Client Referrals.
2.
Adviser does not consider selecting or recommending broker dealers, for itself, or a related
person to receive client referrals from a broker-dealer or third party. Adviser may arrange to
facilitate the execution of transactions across multiple digital asset exchanges, OTC liquidity
providers, or decentralized trading protocols in order to obtain liquidity or price improvement.
a. Broker Recommendation Incentives
Adviser does not have an incentive to select or recommend a broker-dealer based on interest in
receiving client referrals, rather than on its clients’ interest in receiving most favorable
execution.
b. Procedures for Directing Brokerage for Client Referrals
In the last fiscal year Adviser did not direct client transactions to a particular broker-dealer in
return for client referrals.
3. Directed Brokerage.
a. Client Directed Brokerage Required
Adviser may direct transactions through a broker dealer, and requires that a Client may only as
well, who is able to facilitate Digital Asset transactions. Adviser has no broker-dealer affiliates
nor another economic relationship that creates a material conflict of interest.
b. Client Directed Brokerage Permitted
In certain circumstances, where Clients may wish to direct Adviser to execute transactions through
a specific provider such as a trading venue, exchange, liquidity provider, or other service provider
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(collectively, a “Directed Venue”), Adviser may be limited in its ability to seek the most favorable
execution terms available across other venues. As a result, Clients who wish to direct to a venue
may receive prices that are less favorable than those that might otherwise be obtained if Adviser
were permitted to select the venue. Directed Venue arrangements may also result in higher
transaction costs, such as wider spreads, higher trading fees, or reduced liquidity compared to other
available venues. In addition, when Clients seeks to direct to a venue, Adviser may be unable to
manage transactions which might otherwise reduce transaction costs or improve efficiency.
Clients should consider these potential disadvantages before directing Adviser to use a particular
Directed Venue, though Adviser will only accommodate where operationally feasible and
consistent with applicable law and contractual arrangements available to the Adviser.
Aggregated Orders.
Adviser does not aggregate Client accounts.
Item 13 – Review of Accounts
A. Periodic Account Reviews
The Adviser monitors Client accounts on an ongoing basis as part of its investment Advisory
services. Reviews are conducted by investment Advisory personnel under the supervision of the
Adviser’s Investment Committee (or equivalent governing body) and/or designated supervisory
personnel.
Client accounts are reviewed to ensure consistency with each Client’s investment objectives, risk
tolerance, and applicable investment strategy, including target allocations and position weightings.
The Adviser utilizes internal systems, tools, and, where applicable, automated processes or
algorithms to support portfolio monitoring and management.
B. Review Triggers
The Adviser may periodically review investment strategies and portfolio construction
methodologies to determine whether adjustments are appropriate in light of market conditions,
relevant factors or specific events such as:
Incomplete or failed trade executions;
• Significant market movements or periods of market instability;
• Elevated volatility in Digital Asset markets;
• Changes in liquidity conditions or market depth;
• Price dislocations or disruptions in pricing data;
•
• Rapidly changing market conditions, including widening bid-ask spreads;
• Trading halts or disruptions affecting specific Digital Assets; and
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• Changes in a Client’s financial circumstances, investment objectives, or risk tolerance
(if communicated to the ACM
C. Client Reporting
Clients are informed, through the Abra Application, typically as applicable:
• Digital Asset holdings and balances;
• Transaction activity;
• Realized and unrealized gains and losses;
• Advisory fees charged;
• Transaction-related costs; and
• Custody-related fees and other expenses.
D. Report Content and Frequency
Portfolio activity and performance updates:
• Total assets under management;
• Asset allocation and portfolio composition;
• Cash balances (if applicable);
• Performance information, including unrealized gains and losses;
• Pricing data and valuation information; and
• A summary of recent transactions.
Important Considerations
Clients are encouraged to review all information carefully and promptly notify the Adviser of any
discrepancies or concerns.
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation
A. Economic Benefits from Non-Clients and Related Conflicts of Interest
ACM does not currently receive economic benefits from non-clients in connection with providing
investment Advisory services.
ACM does not receive compensation such as sales awards, prizes, or other incentives from third
parties in exchange for recommending specific investments, products, or service providers to
Clients.
If ACM were to enter arrangements in which it receives economic benefits from non-clients, such
arrangements would present a conflict of interest because they could create an incentive for the
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ACM to make recommendations based on such benefits rather than solely in the best interests of
Clients. ACM would disclose any such arrangements as required by applicable law.
B. Client Referrals and Solicitation Arrangements
ACM does not currently compensate any person or entity for referring prospective Clients to the
ACM.
If ACM engages a third party to act as a solicitor or promoter in the future, such arrangement
would be structured in compliance with Rule 206(4)-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940
(the “Marketing Rule”), including appropriate written agreements and required disclosures to
Clients.
Any compensation paid to a solicitor or promoter would create a conflict of interest because the
solicitor would have a financial incentive to recommend ACM. Clients would not incur additional
fees as a result of such arrangements unless specifically disclosed.
C. Internal Compensation and Related Conflicts
Certain employees of ACM, including personnel involved in marketing and business development,
are eligible to receive variable compensation based on factors such as the growth of the ACM’s
business, overall firm performance, and/or individual performance metrics.
This compensation structure creates a conflict of interest because such personnel have a financial
incentive to promote ACM’s services and to encourage prospective Clients to engage ACM.
ACM seeks to mitigate these conflicts through supervision, compliance policies and procedures,
and by requiring that all marketing and solicitation activities are conducted in accordance with
applicable regulatory requirements.
Important Considerations
Clients should be aware that any form of compensation tied to client referrals or business
development may create incentives that are not aligned with a Client’s interests. ACM is
committed to acting as a fiduciary and to disclosing material conflicts of interest so that Clients
can make informed decisions.
Item 15 – Custody
The custody of Client assets is governed by Rule 206(4)-2 under the Investment Advisers Act of
1940 (the “Custody Rule”). Under the Custody Rule, an investment adviser is deemed to have
custody if it holds, directly or indirectly, Client funds or securities, or has any authority to obtain
possession of them.
ACM is deemed to have custody of Client assets in the following circumstances:
• Authority to deduct Advisory fees from Client accounts;
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• Authority to transfer Digital Assets on behalf of Clients; and/or
• Access to or control over Digital Asset wallets associated with Client accounts.
Digital Asset custody differs from traditional securities custody in that control over Digital
Assets is based on control of cryptographic private keys rather than physical possession or
account title.
A. Digital Asset Infrastructure
Client Digital Assets use institutional-grade digital asset infrastructure designed to mitigate risks
associated with private key management. Such as:
• Multi-party computation (“MPC”) wallet technology;
• Multi-signature wallet architecture;
• Hardware security modules;
• Cold storage systems; and
• Secure key management and governance frameworks.
Segregated blockchain addresses are subject to defined transaction authorization procedures,
operational controls, and audit logging.
The Adviser utilizes Fireblocks Ltd. (Fireblocks) as a technology provider for digital asset wallet
infrastructure pursuant to a services agreement. Fireblocks provides MPC-based wallet technology
designed to reduce single points of private key compromise by distributing cryptographic key
shares across multiple secure environments.
Under this architecture:
• Cryptographic signing authority is distributed across multiple isolated environments;
• Private key shares are not fully reconstructed in any single location; and
• No single individual or system can unilaterally transfer Client Digital Assets.
Layered security controls can include:
• Role-based access controls and governance workflows;
• Dual-approval or multi-approval transaction processes;
• Two-factor authentication (2FA) for system access; and
• Enhanced authentication controls for asset transfers, including multi-step verification
procedures.
The Abra Application informs on balances, transaction history, and account activity. Clients are
encouraged to review account information carefully and promptly report any discrepancies.
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Digital Asset involves some unique risks not typically present in traditional securities
arrangements, such as:
• Loss, theft, or compromise of private keys;
• Cybersecurity incidents;
• Blockchain protocol or network failures; and
• Operational risks associated with digital asset infrastructure.
Item 16 - Investment Discretion
ACM may provide discretionary or non-discretionary investment management services,
depending on the Client’s Advisory Agreement.
Discretionary Authority
For discretionary accounts, Clients grant Adviser authority to:
rebalance portfolios
• buy or sell Digital Assets
• allocate assets among digital asset strategies
• participate in staking, lending, or protocol-based activities
• select counterparties and trading venues
•
This authority allows Adviser to execute transactions without obtaining Client consent prior to
each trade.
Non-Discretionary Accounts
For non-discretionary accounts, Adviser may provide investment recommendations, but Clients
must approve transactions before they are executed.
Operational Authority
Clients may grant Adviser the authority necessary to implement digital asset investment
strategies, including:
initiating blockchain transactions
interacting with digital asset protocols
•
•
• managing wallet infrastructure used for Client accounts
• participating in validator or staking infrastructure
Such authority is exercised solely for purposes consistent with the Client’s investment strategy
and Advisory Agreement.
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All purchases or sales are subject to the specified investment objectives, guidelines, or limitations
previously set forth by the Client in the Advisory Agreement.
Blockchain Protocol Events
Adviser retains discretion to determine whether and how to support blockchain protocol events,
including forks, airdrops, or similar events affecting Digital Assets held in an SMA. In making
such determinations, Adviser may consider operational, legal, regulatory, security, and custody
infrastructure limitations, as well as its fiduciary obligations to Clients. Depending on these
considerations, Adviser may determine, in its discretion, to:
i decline to support or recognize a new Digital Asset created through a fork or airdrop;
ii support the new Digital Asset only after a period of time following the fork or airdrop; or
iii where permitted under applicable client agreements or custody arrangements, retain rights
to certain forked or airdropped assets.
ACM’s current operational and custody infrastructure does not support active participation in
blockchain forks or airdrops, and ACM does not undertake to capture, claim, or distribute Digital
Assets resulting from such events.
As a result, Clients may not receive Digital Assets generated through forks or airdrops that affect
Digital Assets held in their accounts. Failure to support forks or airdrops may adversely affect the
value or potential benefits associated with such Digital Assets. Clients who wish to participate in
forks or airdrops may elect to maintain Digital Assets with another service provider capable of
supporting such functionality.
Item 17 - Voting Securities
A. Voting Authority
Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 requires registered investment advisers
to disclose their policies and procedures regarding the voting of client securities. ACM generally
does not have authority to vote client securities because the Digital Assets managed by Adviser
typically do not represent equity securities that carry traditional proxy voting rights. In addition,
ACM’s current custody and operational infrastructure does not support participation in on-chain
governance activities associated with certain Digital Assets.
Certain Digital Assets allow token holders to participate in governance processes, including voting
on protocol proposals, software upgrades, or other matters that may influence network operations
or economic outcomes. At this time, Clients holding Digital Assets in SMAs managed by Adviser
are unable to participate in such governance activities through ACM’s infrastructure.
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As a result, Clients may not be able to exercise governance rights associated with Digital Assets
held in their accounts, and the outcome of governance proposals may indirectly affect the value or
performance of those Digital Assets.
Clients who wish to participate in governance activities associated with Digital Assets may elect
to maintain such assets with another service provider capable of supporting governance
participation.
Private Funds
The private investment funds previously managed by Adviser generally do not hold equity
securities or other instruments that submit matters to a vote of security holders.
If Adviser is required to vote on any securities held by a fund, Adviser will exercise such voting
authority in a manner that it believes is consistent with the best interests of the applicable fund and
its investors.
Prior to exercising voting authority, Adviser will review the relevant facts and circumstances to
determine whether any material conflict of interest exists involving ACM, its affiliates, employees,
or related persons.
If a material conflict of interest is identified, Adviser may take one or more of the following steps
to address the conflict:
• seek the recommendation of the applicable fund Advisory board (if any);
• disclose the conflict of interest and obtain guidance from the relevant Client or governing
body;
•
rely on the recommendation of an independent third-party proxy voting service provider.
• or take other actions that ACM reasonably believes are in the best interests of the Client.
Proxy Voting Policies and Information
Adviser will provide Clients with a copy of any proxy voting policies and procedures upon written
request. Clients may also request information regarding how, if any, Adviser voted proxies for
securities held in applicable Funds by contacting ACM in writing.
Item 18 - Financial Information
A. Fee Prepayment
ACM does not require or solicit prepayment of more than one thousand two hundred USD
($1,200) in Advisory fees per Client, six (6) months or more in advance. Therefore, ACM is not
required to include:
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1. an independently audited GAAP balance sheet prepared by a CPA with principles
noted, for its most recent fiscal year; nor
2. the fair value of securities at cost; nor
3. a CPA qualification conforming to Article 2 of SEC Regulation S-X
Discretionary Disclosure
Adviser has discretionary authority to manage Client assets. Adviser does not believe there is any
financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair Adviser’s ability to meet its contractual
commitments to Clients.
Bankruptcy
ACM nor any affiliate have been the subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time during the past
ten (10) years.
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