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FIRM BROCHURE
March 23, 2026
Mailing Address:
4981 Cascade Rd. Suite C
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Phone: (866) 597-8938
Fax: (616) 588-6079
Website: www.advisoryadvocates.com
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Advisory
Advocates LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact the
firm at (866) 597-8938 or info@advisoryadvocates.com. The information in this brochure has not
been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any
state securities authority.
Advisory Advocates LLC is a registered investment adviser. Registration of an investment adviser
does not imply any level of skill or training. The oral and written communications of an adviser
provide you with information about which you determine to hire or retain an adviser.
Additional information about Advisory Advocates LLC is available on the SEC’s website,
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. You can search this site by a unique identifying number, known as a CRD
number. The CRD number for the adviser is 284100.
ITEM 2. MATERIAL CHANGES
We have the following material changes to report since our last annual update on March 5, 2025:
In February 2026 we applied to become registered with the United States Securities and
Exchange Commission. The application was approved in March 2026.
We now offer Retirement Plan Consulting Services. Additional information about the
service and fees can be found in Items 4 & 5 below.
We have no additional material changes to report.
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ITEM 3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM 1. COVER PAGE ........................................................................................................................1
ITEM 2. MATERIAL CHANGES .......................................................................................................... 2
ITEM 3. TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................... 3
ITEM 4. ADVISORY BUSINESS ........................................................................................................... 4
ITEM 5. FEES AND COMPENSATION .................................................................................................. 5
ITEM 6. PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT ........................................ 7
ITEM 7. TYPES OF CLIENTS............................................................................................................... 8
ITEM 8. METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS ............................. 8
ITEM 9. DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION ............................................................................................ 11
ITEM 10. OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS ........................................ 11
ITEM. 11 CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL
TRADING ........................................................................................................................................ 12
ITEM 12. BROKERAGE PRACTICES .................................................................................................. 13
ITEM 13. REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS .................................................................................................... 14
ITEM 14. CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION ........................................................... 14
ITEM 15. CUSTODY ........................................................................................................................ 14
ITEM 16. INVESTMENT DISCRETION ............................................................................................... 15
ITEM 17. VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES ........................................................................................... 16
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................... 16
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ITEM 4. ADVISORY BUSINESS
OWNERSHIP/ADVISOR HISTORY
Advisory Advocates LLC was formed and registered as an investment adviser in May 2016.
Subsequently, in March 2026 it became registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”) It is owned by Luminist Holdings, LLC, TrendLogic, Inc and Goldfinch
Wealth Management, LLC. Its Chief Compliance Officer is Michael Cook. Additional
information about Mr. Cook can be found in his brochure supplement.
ADVISORY SERVICES OFFERED
Prior to the Adviser/Client relationship, the firm may offer a complimentary general consultation
to discuss services available and to give a prospective client time to review services desired.
Investment advisory services begin only after the client and firm formalize the relationship with a
properly executed client agreement. After engaging the firm, the client will be asked to share in a
data gathering and discovery process in an effort to determine the client’s stated needs, goals,
intentions, time horizons, risk tolerance and investment objectives, based upon information
provided by the client and the nature of services requested.
Financial Planning and Financial Consulting Services
potential
solutions,
prepare
specific
recommendations and
The Adviser offers clients financial planning and financial consulting services to evaluate their
financial situation, goals and risk tolerance. Through a series of personal interviews and the use of
questionnaires the Adviser will collect pertinent data, identify goals, objectives, financial
implement
problems,
recommendations. As a result of these actions, the Adviser’s advice may be provided on financial
and cash management, risk management, financial issues relating to divorce or marital issues,
estate planning, tax issues, stretch IRA planning, Investment Planning/Asset Allocation, retirement
planning, educational funding, goal setting, or other needs as identified by the client and Adviser.
Clients who elect financial planning will receive a written plan. Financial consulting clients who
desire advice on certain planning components will not receive a written plan; The Adviser can
tailor services as desired by the client.
Portfolio Management Services
Portfolio Management Services are only provided on a discretionary basis. Using the information
gathered, as described above, the Adviser will determine which portfolio from the following
options works best for each individual client.
Recommendation of Third-Party Investment Adviser
We may recommend that all or a portion of the client’s assets under management be placed under
the management of an outside and unaffiliated registered investment advisory (“third-party
manager”) depending on your individual circumstances (including your investment objectives and
risk tolerance). In these situations, we will work directly with the client to select and monitor the
desired service. The third-party investment adviser will provide discretionary money management,
reporting, and custodial services, as well as other services described in their marketing materials
and contracts. Alternatively, depending on your investment profile, we may recommend the
services of a third-party manager to work alongside us in the management of your assets.
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Retirement Plan Consulting
For retirement plan accounts, we can provide any of the following ERISA non-fiduciary services:
Education Services to Plan Committee; Participant Education Services; Plan Search Support or
Participant Advice. When requested by the client, we will provide any of the following ERISA
non-discretionary fiduciary services (ERISA Section 3(21)): create an Investment Policy
Statement; provide Investment Recommendations & Performance Monitoring; or Selection of
Qualified Default Investment Alternative. Please note that our ERISA fiduciary services are
limited to ERISA Section 3(21) and we do not provide ERISA Section 3(38) fiduciary services.
TAILORED SERVICES
The Adviser’s services are individualized to each client. Portfolio management clients may impose
restrictions on investment in certain securities or types of securities. All restrictions must be
presented to the Advisor in writing.
WRAP PROGRAM
The Adviser does not sponsor or participate in a wrap program. This section is not applicable.
CLIENT ASSETS MANAGED
As of January 14, 2026, the firm manages approximately $158,607,157 in client assets on a
discretionary basis. The firm does not manage client assets on a non-discretionary basis.
ITEM 5. FEES AND COMPENSATION
Financial Planning and Financial Consulting Services
The Adviser charges a fixed fee for financial planning and consulting services. The fixed fee ranges
from $250 to $1,500. The fee is negotiable and is based upon the number of topics covered, the
amount of time required to research the client’s situation and whether a written plan in requested.
The fixed fee is due upon delivery of the plan.
A client may terminate the financial planning and consulting service for any reason within the first
five (5) business days after signing the contract without any cost or penalty. Thereafter, the
contract may be terminated by either the client or the Adviser with (7) days written notice to the
party’s respective address of record. There will be no fee charged if cancelled prior to the
completion of the financial plan or consulting services.
Portfolio Management Services
Fees for portfolio management services will be based on the assets under management. The annual
management fee is calculated and collected monthly in advance (at the beginning of each month).
The management fee is based on the account’s custodian reported value as of the last business day
of the previous month. The maximum annual management fee is 1.5% of the assets under
management. The management fee is charged once an account is opened, funded and invested.
The management fee is negotiable based on the size of the account. A client may aggregate
multiple accounts to negotiate a lower fee. Cash balances and investments in money market funds,
demand deposit accounts, and certificates of deposit that are covered by the account and are
included in the fee calculations.
The client will be asked to allow the firm to deduct its management fee directly from the client’s
account. The client may terminate this ability at any time by notifying the adviser or by notifying
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the custodian. Also, the amount of the fee charged will be viewable as account activity in the
monthly statement.
Depending on the custodian, management fees are calculated one of two ways. Some custodians
may calculate the fees daily. The management fee is based on the day’s end custodian reported
account balance and prorated for the number of business days in the year. At the end of each
month the Account’s custodian will withdraw the month’s combined management fees. Other
custodians will bill monthly in advance based on the account value as of the last day of the prior
month. The first payment shall be prorated from the day the account was invested until the last day
in that calendar month and is based on the value of the account on the last day of the prior month
in which the account was invested. For example: if your advisory account is invested on February
15, you will be billed an advisory fee from Feb 15 through Feb 28 based on the Feb month end
Value (February 28). Please see the investment advisory services agreement for additional
information.
The firm’s fees are exclusive of brokerage commissions, transaction fees, and other related costs
and expenses that are incurred by the client. Clients may incur certain charges imposed by
custodians, brokers, third-party investment advisers or other third parties such as fees charged by
managers, custodial fees, deferred sales charges, odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes, wire transfer
and electronic fund fees, and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities
transactions. Mutual funds and exchange-traded funds also charge internal management fees,
which are disclosed in a fund’s prospectus. Such charges, fees and commissions are exclusive of
and in addition to the firm’s fees and the firm does not receive any portion of these commissions,
fees, and costs.
Item 12 further describes the factors that the firm considers in selecting or recommending
brokers/dealers for client transactions and determining the reasonableness of their compensation
(e.g., commissions).
Clients have the option to purchase investment products that are recommended through other
brokers or agents that are not affiliated with the firm.
Recommendation of Third-Party Investment Advisers
When recommending a third-party investment adviser, we and the third-party investment adviser
charge separate annual management fees that are based on a percentage of assets under
management in your account. Our annual fee ranges from 0.10% to 1.00%. The third-party
investment adviser’s fee is up to 0.50%. The fees are negotiable and vary based on the size of the
account. We calculate and collect our management fee, while the third-party manager calculates
and collects its management fee. Both fees are monthly based upon the custodian’s reported
account value as of the last business day of the month. We will rely upon the valuations provided
by the custodian without independent verification.
Our management fee does not include brokerage commissions, transaction fees, or other related
costs and expenses that are incurred by you. You may incur certain charges imposed by custodians,
brokers, third-party investment advisers, and other third parties such as fees charged by managers,
custodial fees, deferred sales charges, odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes, wire transfer and
electronic fund fees, and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities transactions.
Mutual funds and exchange traded funds also charge internal management fees, which are
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disclosed in a fund’s prospectus. These charges, fees, and commissions are exclusive of and in
addition to our fee and we will not receive any portion of these charges, fees, or commissions.
Retirement Plan Consulting
We charge an annual management fee of up to 1.00%, based on a percentage of assets in the
qualified retirement plan. Our management fee is calculated and billed quarterly in arrears. The
management fee is negotiable. The management fee will be calculated and collected by the record
keeper. We do not deduct the management fee from the client’s account.
Our management fee does not include other third-party fees, such as transaction fees, recordkeeper
fees or other related costs and expenses. Clients may incur certain charges imposed by custodians,
brokers, and other third parties such as fees charged by managers, custodial fees, deferred sales
charges, odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes, wire transfer and electronic fund fees, and other fees
and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities transactions. Mutual funds and exchange traded
funds also charge internal management fees, which are disclosed in a fund’s prospectus. Such
charges, fees and commissions are exclusive, of and in addition to, our fee and we will not receive
any portion of these commissions, fees, and costs.
Termination of Portfolio Management, Recommendation of Third-Party Investment Advisers and
Retirement Plan Consulting Services.
A client may terminate any portfolio management or monitoring service for any reason within the
first five (5) business days after signing the contract without any cost or penalty. Thereafter, the
contract may be terminated at any time by giving ten (10) days written notice to the firm at
Advisory Advocates LLC, 4981 Cascade Rd. Suite C, Grand Rapids, MI 49546. Upon written
notice of termination, fees will be pro-rated for the number of days in which services were rendered
during the termination month based on the account’s valuation as of the termination date. Refunds
are paid by depositing the fee back into the account if allowed by the client’s custodian. In all other
cases refunds are paid by check.
Other Securities Compensation
Neither the firm nor its investment adviser representatives receive any additional compensation
for the sale of securities or other investment products. However, our owner or representatives are
registered with other Registered Investment Advisors and may be insurance licensed. Please see
Item 10 for additional information and any related conflicts of interest.
RETIREMENT ROLLOVER CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
When we recommend you rollover a retirement account for us to manage, this creates a financial
incentive because we charge a fee for our services. We attempt to mitigate the conflict of interest
by acting in your best interest and applying an impartial conduct standard to all rollovers. Please
note that you are not under any obligation to roll over a retirement account to an account managed
by us.
ITEM 6. PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT
The firm does not charge any performance-based fees (fees based on a share of capital gains or on
capital appreciation of the assets of a client). This section is not applicable.
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ITEM 7. TYPES OF CLIENTS
The firm’s services are offered to individuals, high net worth individual, retirement plans, trusts,
estates, corporations and other businesses entities. The firm does not require a minimum account
size to become a client.
ITEM 8. METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS
METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
Advisers are required to give a description of their methods of analysis and investment strategies
that are used in formulating investment advice or managing assets. The firm may use one or more
of the following depending on the portfolio:
Fundamental Analysis – Fundamental analysis is a technique that attempts to determine a
security’s value by focusing on underlying factors that affect a company's actual business and its
future prospects. The analysis is performed on historical and present data. On a broader scope, one
can perform fundamental analysis on industries or the economy as a whole. The term refers to the
analysis of the economic well-being of a financial entity as opposed to only its price movements.
The risk associated with fundamental analysis is that despite the appearance that a security is
undervalued, it may not rise in value as predicted.
Technical Analysis – Technical Analysis is a method of evaluating securities by analyzing
statistics generated by market activity, such as past prices and volume. Technical analysts do not
attempt to measure a security's intrinsic value, but instead use charts and other tools to identify
patterns that can suggest future activity. The risk associated with technical analysis is that there is
no broad consensus among technical traders on the best method of identifying future price
movements.
Asset Allocation – Asset Allocation is an investment strategy that aims to balance risk and reward
by apportioning a portfolio's assets according to an individual's goals, risk tolerance and
investment horizon. The asset classes typically include equities, fixed-income, international, and
cash and equivalents. The risk associated with asset allocation is that each class has different
levels of risk and return, so each will behave differently over time. There is no guarantee that
diversification among asset classes will grow a portfolio.
Tactical Asset Allocation – Tactical Asset Allocation is an active management portfolio strategy
that rebalances the percentage of assets held in various categories in order to take advantage of
market pricing anomalies or strong market sectors. This strategy is designed to allow portfolio
managers to create extra value by taking advantage of certain situations in the marketplace. It is a
moderately active strategy because portfolio managers return to the portfolio's original strategic
asset mix when desired short-term profits are achieved. The risk associated with tactical asset
allocation is that each class has different levels of risk and return, so each will behave differently
over time. There is no guarantee that moving additional assets into an asset class will grow a
portfolio.
Investment Strategies the firm uses include: long-term purchases (securities held at least a year);
short-term purchases (securities sold within a year); and periodic rebalancing.
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INVESTMENT RISKS
All investments bear different types and degrees of risk and investing in securities involves a risk
of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. While the firm recommends various securities
that are designed to provide appropriate investment diversification, some investments have
significantly greater risks than others. Obtaining higher rates of return on investments entails
accepting higher levels of risk. Recommended investment strategies seek to balance risks and
rewards to achieve investment objectives. Clients need to ask questions about risks they do not
understand. The firm would be pleased to discuss them.
The firm strives to render its best judgment on behalf of its clients. Still, the firm cannot assure or
guarantee clients that investments will be profitable or assure that no losses will occur in an
investment portfolio. Past performance is an important consideration with respect to any
investment or investment adviser but is not a reliable predictor of future performance. The firm
continuously strives to provide outstanding long-term investment performance, but many
economic and market variables beyond its control can affect the performance of an investment
portfolio.
Long-Term Purchases – Advisor purchases securities with the expectation that the value of those
securities will grow over a relatively long period of time, generally greater than one year. The risk
associated with using a long-term purchase strategy is that it generally assumes the financial
markets will go up in the long-term, which may not be the case. There is also the risk that the
segment of the market that the client is invested in or perhaps just that client’s particular investment
will go down over time, even if the overall financial markets advance. Purchasing investments
long-term may create an opportunity cost - "locking-up" assets that may be better utilized in the
short-term in other investments.
Short-Term Purchases – Advisor purchases securities with the expectation that they will be sold
within a relatively short period of time, generally less than one year, to take advantage of the
securities' short-term price fluctuations. The risk associated with using a short-term purchase
strategy is that it generally assumes that Advisor can predict how financial markets will perform
in the short-term, which may be very difficult and will incur a disproportionately higher amount
of transaction costs compared to long-term trading. There are many factors that can affect financial
market performance in the short-term (such as short-term interest rate changes, cyclical earnings
announcements, etc.) but may have a smaller impact over longer periods of time.
Periodic Rebalancing – Rebalancing is the process of realigning the weighting of a portfolio of
assets. Rebalancing involves periodically buying or selling assets in a portfolio to maintain an
original desired level of asset allocation. Unless otherwise negotiated with the client, we rebalance
client accounts on a quarterly basis if warranted by the portfolio allocations. The risk associated
with rebalancing is that an account may miss out on the full upside of asset allocation because of
the realigning of the account’s assets.
RECOMMENDED SECURITIES AND THEIR RISKS
The firm recommends several types of securities to its clients. These include, but are not limited
to: mutual funds, stocks, bonds, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, municipal securities,
options, real estate investment trusts and exchange traded funds. An investment in a security could
lose money over short or even long periods. A client should expect his/her account value and
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returns to fluctuate within a wide range, like the fluctuations of the overall stock and bond markets.
The risks associated with the recommended securities include, but are not limited to:
Stock market risk: The chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to
move in cycles, with periods of rising stock prices and periods of falling stock prices.
Interest rate risk: The chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest
rates.
Liquidity Risk: Liquidity is the ability to readily convert an investment into cash. Generally,
assets are more liquid if many traders are interested in a standardized product. For example,
Treasury Bills are highly liquid, while real estate properties are not.
Manager risk: The chance that poor security selection will cause a mutual fund or other
managed product to underperform relevant to benchmarks or other securities products with
similar investment objectives.
Active management fees risk: Active management strategies that involve frequent trading
generate higher transaction costs which diminish the fund's return. In addition, the short-term
capital gains resulting from frequent trades often have an unfavorable income tax impact when
such funds are held in a taxable account.
International Investing Risk: Investing in the securities of non-U.S. companies involves
special risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. Foreign securities tend
to be more volatile and less liquid than investments in U.S. securities, and may lose value
because of adverse political, social or economic developments overseas or due to changes in the
exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar. In addition, foreign investments
are subject to settlement practices, as well as regulatory and financial reporting standards, which
differ from those of the U.S.
Leverage Risk: Using derivatives to increase a portfolio’s combined long and short exposure
creates leverage, which can magnify the portfolio’s potential for gain or loss and, therefore,
amplify the effects of market volatility on the portfolio.
Options Risk: Like other securities - including stocks, bonds, and mutual funds - options carry
no guarantees, and a person must be aware that it is possible to lose all of the principal he/she
invests in, and sometimes more. As an option holder, a person risks the entire amount of the
premium he/she paid pay. But as an options writer, a person takes on a much higher level of risk.
For example, if a person writes an uncovered call, he/she faces unlimited potential loss, since
there is no cap on how high a stock price can rise. However, since initial options investments
usually require less capital than equivalent stock positions, potential cash losses as an options
investor are usually smaller than if someone bought the underlying stock or sold the stock short.
The exception to this general rule occurs when an option is used to provide leverage: Percentage
returns are often high, but it is important to remember that percentage losses can be high as well.
Leveraged Exchange Traded Fund (“ETF”) and Mutual Fund Risk: A leveraged ETF or
mutual fund seeks to generate a return that is a multiple (usually 2X or 3X or -2X or -3X) of its
benchmark index's performance over a specific, pre-set time period indicated in each fund’s
prospectus. That time period is also referred to as the "rebalancing period", and it is generally
only one day, although it could be for a longer time period such as a month. As a result, the
returns for these types of ETFs and mutual funds can differ significantly from that of their
benchmark index, over periods lasting longer than the rebalancing period because of the
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compounding of returns. Generally, the longer the security is held, the more likely the returns of
the leveraged product will differ from the long-term return of the index. Although potential
returns are increased by leveraging, so are the potential losses, so these securities carry
significant risk. As a result, leveraged ETFs and mutual funds are intended only for investors
with an aggressive tolerance for risk.
Inverse Exchange Traded Fund (“ETF”) and Mutual Fund Risk: An inverse ETF or mutual
fund attempts to mimic the inverse, or opposite, of its stated benchmark. For example, an inverse
S&P 500 ETF would attempt to deliver the opposite of the S&P 500's daily performance, net of
fees. These funds, also called "short ETFs or Bear ETFs"/“short mutual funds or bear mutual
funds” are often in an attempt to profit from a downturn in a given market, sector, or index, or
to hedge against a potential loss in their portfolio. Although an inverse ETF or mutual fund does
not explicitly use leverage to magnify the intended return, they can suffer from the same
compounding effects as the leveraged long and leveraged short ETFs or mutual funds.
Clients need to ask questions about risks they do not understand. The firm would be pleased to
discuss them.
ITEM 9. DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
The firm is required to disclose whether there are legal or disciplinary events that are material to a
client’s or prospective client’s evaluation of its advisory business or the integrity of its
management. There are a number of specific legal and disciplinary events that the firm must
presume are material for this item.
None of the firm’s management persons have information applicable to this item.
ITEM 10. OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS
A. BROKER-DEALER AFFILIATIONS
The firm and its owners are not affiliated with a broker-dealer.
B. FUTURES/COMMODITIES FIRM AFFILIATION
The firm and its owners are not affiliated with a futures or commodities broker.
C. OTHER INDUSTRY AFFILIATIONS
We are co-owned by Luminist Holdings, LLC, which also co-owns RM Investment Strategies,
LLC, an SEC registered investment adviser and wholly owns Luminist Capital, LLC, an SEC
registered investment adviser. We do not refer clients, nor do we receive referrals from RM
Investment Strategies, LLC. We have hired Luminist Capital, LLC to act as a third-party
investment adviser for some of our client’s accounts. This creates a conflict of interest because the
owners of Luminist Holdings, LLC will indirectly receive third-party adviser fees from Luminist
Capital, LLC and part of Advisory Advocates, LLC’s advisory fees. We attempt to mitigate any
conflict of interest to the best of our ability by placing the client’s interests ahead of our own,
through our fiduciary duty and by informing clients that they are never obligated to use
recommended services.
The firm’s owners or associates may be independent insurance agents and may recommend this
service to the firm’s clients. This other business activity pays them commissions that are separate
from the fees described in Item 5 above. This is a conflict of interest, as the commissions give our
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associates a financial incentive to recommend and sell clients the insurance products. However,
they attempt to mitigate any conflicts of interest to the best of their ability through their fiduciary
duty and by informing clients that they are never obligated to purchase any recommended
insurance products through them.
D. SELECTION OF THIRD-PARTY INVESTMENT ADVISERS
We may recommend the services of Third-Party Investment Advisers. This information can be
found under Items 4 and 5. We will ensure that the Third-Party Adviser is properly registered or
exempt from registration in your state of residence prior to making any recommendation. We
receive a portion of the Third-Party Adviser’s management fee, which creates a financial incentive
to recommend Third-Party Advisers that pay a higher percentage of the management fee. We
attempt to mitigate the conflict of interest to the best of our ability by placing your interests ahead
of our own, through our fiduciary duty and by following our Code of Ethics that establishes ideal
ethical conduct. Additionally, the firm may recommend portfolios managed by Luminist Capital,
LLC.
ITEM. 11 CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND
PERSONAL TRADING
DESCRIPTION
The firm’s Code of Ethics establishes ideals for ethical conduct upon fundamental principles of
openness, integrity, honesty, and trust. The firm will provide a copy of its Code of Ethics to any
client or prospective client upon request.
The firm’s Code of Ethics covers all supervised persons, and it describes its high standard of
business conduct, and fiduciary duty to its clients. The Code of Ethics includes provisions relating
to the confidentiality of client information, a prohibition on insider trading, a prohibition of rumor
mongering, restrictions on the acceptance of significant gifts and the reporting of certain gifts and
business entertainment items, and personal securities trading procedures, among other things. All
supervised persons at the firm must acknowledge the terms of the Code of Ethics annually, or as
amended.
MATERIAL INTEREST IN SECURITIES
The firm and its owners and investment adviser representatives do not have securities in which
they have a material financial interest.
INVESTING IN OR RECOMMENDING THE SAME SECURITIES
The firm’s associates may buy or sell for their own accounts the same securities at or about the
same time that they recommend selling or purchasing those securities for client accounts. This
causes a conflict of interest because they can trade ahead of client trades. The firm mitigates the
conflict of interest in two ways. First, its Code of Ethics requires employees to: 1) report personal
securities transactions on at least a quarterly basis, and 2) provide the firm with a detailed summary
of certain holdings (both initially upon commencement of employment and quarterly thereafter)
in which these employees have a direct or indirect beneficial interest. The reports are reviewed to
ensure the associates do not trade ahead of client accounts. Second, the firm requires client
transactions to be placed ahead of its associates’ personal trades, or its associates can place
personal trades as part of a block trades (Please see Item 12.B for details on our block trading
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practices). The records of all associates’ personal and client trading activities are reviewed and
made available to regulators to review on the premises.
ITEM 12. BROKERAGE PRACTICES
RECOMMENDATION CRITERIA
We do not maintain custody of client assets. Your assets will be maintained in an account at a
“qualified custodian,”, which is generally a broker-dealer or bank. When we manage your
accounts, we recommend that you use Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., (“Schwab”) a registered
broker-dealer, member of FINRA/SIPC, as the qualified custodian. We are independently owned
and operated and not affiliated with Schwab.
Schwab will hold your assets in a brokerage account and buy and sell securities when we instruct
them to. While we recommend that you use Schwab as the custodian/broker, you will decide
whether to do so and open an account with Schwab by entering into an account agreement directly
with them; we do not open the account for you but will assist you with the process. .
NOTE: Clients may be able to obtain lower commissions and fees from other brokers, and the
value of products, research and services given to the applicant is not a factor in determining the
selection of broker/dealers or the reasonableness of their commissions.
RESEARCH AND SOFT DOLLAR BENEFITS
“Soft dollars” are defined as a form of payment investment firms can use to pay for goods and
services such as news subscriptions or research. When an investment firm gives its business to a
particular brokerage firm, the brokerage firm in return can agree to use some of its revenue to pay
for these types of services. We do not receive any soft dollars.
BROKERAGE FOR CLIENT REFERRALS
The firm does not receive client referrals or any other incentive from any broker-dealer or
custodian.
DIRECTED BROKERAGE
Some clients may direct the firm to a specific broker/dealer to execute securities transactions for
their accounts. When so directed, the firm may not be able to effectively negotiate lower brokerage
commissions or achieve best execution on client’s transactions. This can result in substantially
higher fees, charges or dealer concessions in one or more transactions for the client’s account
because the firm cannot negotiate favorable prices.
BLOCK TRADING
Transactions for each client account generally will be effected independently, unless the firm
decides to purchase or sell the same securities for several clients at approximately the same time.
The firm may, but is not obligated to, combine or “batch” such orders to obtain best execution or
to allocate equitably among the firm’s client’s differences in prices and commissions or other
transaction costs that might have been obtained had such orders been placed independently. Under
this procedure, transactions will be averaged as to price and will be allocated among clients’
accounts in proportion to the purchase and sale orders placed for each account on any given day.
To the extent that the firm determines to aggregate client orders for the purchase or sale of
securities, including securities in which the firm’s principal(s) and/or associated person(s) may
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invest, the firm shall generally do so in accordance with the parameters set forth in SEC No-Action
Letter, SMC Capital, Inc. The firm shall not receive any additional compensation or remuneration
as a result of the aggregation.
ITEM 13. REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
PERIODIC REVIEWS
The firm’s investment adviser representatives will review their client accounts on a monthly basis.
OTHER REVIEWS
Additional reviews are conducted periodically depending on market conditions, economic or
political events, or due to changes in a client’s financial situation (such as retirement, termination
of employment, physical move or inheritance). Any changes in a client's financial situation, goals,
or risk tolerance may also affect the current strategy guiding a client's portfolio and other
investments. Clients are urged to notify their investment adviser representative of any such change
at their earliest convenience.
REPORTS
Financial planning clients will receive a written financial plan at the conclusion of the service.
Portfolio Management clients receive at least quarterly statements from their custodian. The firm
urges clients to carefully review such statements. Retirement plan consulting clients do not receive
any written reports.
ITEM 14. CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
OTHER COMPENSATION
We do not receive any additional compensation.
CLIENT REFERRALS
We do not receive compensation for client referrals.
We may enter into an agreement with other financial services firms pursuant to which we will pay
a portion of our management fee (Item 5.B) to the financial services firms for their solicitation and
referral services (“promoter”). Clients obtained using a promoter or referral service will not pay a
different fee (higher or lower) than the fee the client would have been charged if the client had
been obtained without their services.
We are aware of the special considerations promulgated pursuant to Marketing Rule 206(4)-1 of
the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and any comparable state regulations. As such, appropriate
disclosures shall be made to our clients, all required written records will be maintained, and all
applicable laws and regulations will be observed. A Promoter’s Disclosure Document will be
provided to each client by the investment adviser representative, as required under the Rule, and
we will retain the client’s signed acknowledgement of receiving our Form ADV Part 2A and the
Promoter’s Disclosure Document.
ITEM 15. CUSTODY
All client funds, securities and accounts are held by third-party custodians. We do not maintain
custody of client funds or securities. However, the client will be asked to authorize the firm with
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the ability to deduct its management fee directly from the client’s account. Advisory Advocates
is deemed to have limited custody solely because advisory fees are directly deducted from client’s
accounts by the custodian on behalf of Advisory Advocates. The client may terminate this
authorization at any time. Clients will also receive at least quarterly statements from the
broker/dealer, bank or other qualified custodian that holds and maintains the client’s investment
assets. The statements will show the fee withdrawn. The firm urges each client to carefully review
such statements and compare them to the fee invoice received from the firm.
At times, we assist some clients with the ability to move money from one account to another. In
these situations, you will sign standing letter of instruction (“SLOAs”) with your custodian that
grants us the ability to facilitate the transfer. When your money is transferred between accounts
with different titles, this is considered a limited form of custody. In 2017, the SEC issued a no‐
action letter (“Letter”) with respect to the Rule 206(4)‐2 (“Custody Rule”) under the Investment
Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). We and your custodian follow the safeguards outlined in
the letter. These safeguards include:
The client provides an instruction to the qualified custodian, in writing, that includes the
client’s signature, the third party’s name, and either the third party’s address or the third
party’s account number at a custodian to which the transfer should be directed.
The client authorizes the investment adviser, in writing, either on the qualified custodian’s
form or separately, to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or
from time to time.
The client’s qualified custodian performs appropriate verification of the instruction, such
as a signature review or other method to verify the client’s authorization and provides a
transfer of funds notice to the client promptly after each transfer.
The client has the ability to terminate or change the instruction to the client’s qualified
custodian.
The investment adviser has no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the
third party, the address, or any other information about the third party contained in the
client’s instruction.
The investment adviser maintains records showing that the third party is not a related party
of the investment adviser or located at the same address as the investment adviser.
The client’s qualified custodian sends the client, in writing, an initial notice confirming the
instruction and an annual notice reconfirming the instruction.
ITEM 16. INVESTMENT DISCRETION
The firm’s Portfolio Management Services are discretionary. The firm’s discretionary authority is
obtained when a client signs an investment management agreement and also a limited power of
attorney. The agreement and power of attorney allows the firm to buy and/or sell securities the
firm has selected, within the tolerance agreed to by the client, and in the amounts the firm deems
suited to the agreed upon portfolio structure. It allows the firm to place each such trade without
the client’s prior approval. In all cases, however, such discretion is to be exercised in a manner
consistent with the stated investment objectives for the particular client account, and any other
investment policies, limitation or restrictions. The firm does not manage client assets on a non-
discretionary basis.
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ITEM 17. VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
The firm will not be responsible for responding to proxies that are solicited with respect to annual
or special meetings of shareholders of securities held in clients’ accounts. Proxy solicitation
materials will be forwarded to clients directly from their accounts’ custodian for response and
voting. In the event a client has a question about a proxy solicitation, the client should contact
his/her investment adviser representative.
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The firm does not require the prepayment of fees of more than $1,200 per client and for six months
or more in advance. Therefore, it does not need to provide clients with a balance sheet.
Additionally, registered investment advisers are required in this item to provide you with certain
financial information or disclosures about the firm’s financial condition. The firm has no financial
commitment that impairs its ability to service its clients. Also, the firm and its owners have not
been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
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