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Item 1: Cover Page
Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure
February 2026
9350 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 200
Beverly Hills, CA 90212
www.aireadvisors.com
Firm Contact:
Sharon Nassir
Chief Compliance Officer
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of AIRE Advisors,
LLC. If clients have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at (310) 277-
2475 or via email at sharon.nassir@aireadvisors.com. The information in this brochure has not been
approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any State
Securities Authority. Additional information about our firm is also available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov by searching CRD #307450.
Please note that the use of the term “registered investment adviser” and description of our firm
and/or our associates as “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training. Clients are
encouraged to review this Brochure and Brochure Supplements for our firm’s associates who advise
clients for more information on the qualifications of our firm and our employees.
Item 2: Material Changes
AIRE Advisors, LLC is required to notify clients of any information that has changed since the last
annual update of the Firm Brochure (“Brochure”) that may be important to them. Clients can request
a full copy of our Brochure or contact us with any questions that they may have about the changes.
Since the last annual amendment filed on 03/19/2025, we have the following material changes to
disclose:
• The fee for our Cash Management services has been revised to 0.22% per annum, please see
item 5 of this brochure for additional information.
• Our Firm no longer offers standalone financial planning and consulting services.
• Ms. Sharon Nassir has replaced Mr. Amir Monsefi as Chief Compliance Officer.
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Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 1: Cover Page ....................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2: Material Changes ............................................................................................................................ 2
Item 3: Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 3
Item 4: Advisory Business .......................................................................................................................... 4
Item 5: Fees & Compensation ..................................................................................................................... 7
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management ............................................................ 10
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements ................................................................................. 10
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss ...................................................... 11
Item 9: Disciplinary Information .............................................................................................................. 17
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations .................................................................... 18
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation, or Interest in Client Transactions & Personal Trading .......... 18
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ................................................................................................................... 19
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans ..................................................................................... 22
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation ................................................................................... 22
Item 15: Custody ....................................................................................................................................... 23
Item 16: Investment Discretion ............................................................................................................... 24
Item 17: Voting Client Securities .............................................................................................................. 24
Item 18: Financial Information ................................................................................................................ 25
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AIRE Advisors, LLC
Item 4: Advisory Business
Our firm is dedicated to providing individuals and other types of clients with a wide array of
investment advisory services. Our firm is a limited liability company formed under the laws of the
State of California in 2020 and has been in business as an investment adviser since that time. Our
firm is owned by Amir Monsefi and Sharon Nassir.
The purpose of this Brochure is to disclose the conflicts of interest associated with the investment
transactions, compensation and any other matters related to investment decisions made by our firm
or its representatives. As a fiduciary, it is our duty to always act in the client’s best interest. This is
accomplished in part by knowing our client. Our firm has established a service-oriented advisory
practice with open lines of communication for many different types of clients to help meet their
financial goals while remaining sensitive to risk tolerance and time horizons. Working with clients to
understand their investment objectives while educating them about our process facilitates the kind
of working relationship we value.
Types of Advisory Services Offered
Comprehensive Wealth Management:
As part of our Comprehensive Wealth Management service clients will be provided asset
management and financial planning or consulting services. This service is designed to assist clients
in meeting their financial goals through the use of a financial plan or consultation. Our firm conducts
client meetings to understand their current financial situation, existing resources, financial goals, and
tolerance for risk. Based on what is learned, an investment approach is presented to the client,
consisting of individual stocks, bonds, ETFs, options, mutual funds and other public and private
securities or investments. Once the appropriate portfolio has been determined, portfolios are
continuously and regularly monitored, and if necessary, rebalanced based upon the client’s individual
needs, stated goals and objectives. Upon client request, our firm provides a summary of observations
and recommendations for the planning or consulting aspects of this service.
When deemed suitable for the client our firm utilizes the sub-advisory services of a third-party
investment advisory firm or individual advisor to aid in the implementation of an investment
portfolio designed by our firm. Before selecting a firm or individual, our firm will ensure that the
chosen party is properly licensed or registered. Our firm will not offer advice on any specific securities
or other investments in connection with this service. We will provide initial due diligence on third party
money managers and ongoing reviews of their management of client accounts. To assist in the selection
of a third-party money manager, our firm will gather client information pertaining to financial situation,
investment objectives, and reasonable restrictions to be imposed upon the management of the account.
Our firm will periodically review third party money manager reports provided to the client at least
annually. Our firm will contact clients from time to time in order to review their financial situation
and objectives; communicate information to third party money managers as warranted; and, assist
the client in understanding and evaluating the services provided by the third-party money manager.
Clients will be expected to notify our firm of any changes in their financial situation, investment
objectives, or account restrictions that could affect their financial standing.
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AIRE Advisors, LLC
AIRE ONE Comprehensive Wealth Management:
As part of our AIRE ONE Comprehensive Wealth Management service, clients will be provided asset
management and financial planning or consulting services. This service is designed to assist family
offices in meeting their financial goals through the use of a financial plan or consultation. Our firm
conducts client meetings to understand their current financial situation, existing resources, financial
goals, and tolerance for risk. Based on what is learned, an investment approach is presented to the
client, consisting of individual stocks, bonds, ETFs, options, mutual funds and other public and private
securities or investments. Once the appropriate portfolio has been determined, portfolios are
continuously and regularly monitored, and if necessary, rebalanced based upon the client’s individual
needs, stated goals and objectives. Upon client request, our firm provides a summary of observations
and recommendations for the planning or consulting aspects of this service.
Cash Management:
As part of our Cash Management service, a portfolio is created, consisting of individual bonds,
Certificates of Deposit (CDs), exchange traded funds (“ETFs”), money market funds and other short-term
instruments. The client’s individual investment strategy is tailored to their specific needs and may
include some or all of the previously mentioned securities. Portfolios will be designed to meet a
particular investment goal, determined to be suitable to the client’s circumstances. Once the appropriate
portfolio has been determined, portfolios are continuously and regularly monitored, and if necessary,
rebalanced based upon the client’s individual needs, stated goals and objectives.
Retirement Plan Consulting:
Our firm provides retirement plan consulting services to employer plan sponsors on an ongoing
basis. Generally, such consulting services consist of assisting employer plan sponsors in establishing,
monitoring, and reviewing their company's participant-directed retirement plan. As the needs of the
plan sponsor dictate, areas of advising may include:
•
• Establishing an Investment Policy Statement – Our firm will assist in the development of a
statement that summarizes the investment goals and objectives along with the broad
strategies to be employed to meet the objectives.
Investment Options – Our firm will work with the Plan Sponsor to evaluate existing
investment options and make recommendations for appropriate changes.
•
• Asset Allocation and Portfolio Construction – Our firm will develop strategic asset allocation
models to aid Participants in developing strategies to meet their investment objectives, time
horizon, financial situation and tolerance for risk.
Investment Monitoring – Our firm will monitor the performance of the investments and
notify the client in the event of over/underperformance and in times of market volatility.
• Participant Education – Our firm will provide opportunities to educate plan participants
about their retirement plan offerings, different investment options, and general guidance on
allocation strategies.
In providing services for retirement plan consulting, our firm does not provide any advisory services
with respect to the following types of assets: employer securities, real estate (excluding real estate
funds and publicly traded REITS), participant loans, non-publicly traded securities or assets, other
illiquid investments, or brokerage window programs (collectively, “Excluded Assets”). All retirement
plan consulting services shall be in compliance with the applicable state laws regulating retirement
consulting services. This applies to client accounts that are retirement or other employee benefit
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AIRE Advisors, LLC
plans (“Plan”) governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended
(“ERISA”). If the client accounts are part of a Plan, and our firm accepts appointment to provide
services to such accounts, our firm acknowledges its fiduciary standard within the meaning of Section
3(21) or 3(38) of ERISA as designated by the Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement with respect to
the provision of services described therein.
Financial Institution Consulting Services
Our firm provides investment consulting services to certain broker/dealers’ customers (“Brokerage
Customers”) who provide written consent requesting to receive the firm’s consulting services.
Brokerage Customers have entered into a written advisory agreement with our firm.
Tailoring of Advisory Services
Our firm offers individualized investment advice to our Comprehensive Wealth Management, AIRE
ONE Comprehensive Wealth Management and Cash Management clients. General investment advice
will be offered to our Retirement Plan Consulting clients.
Each Comprehensive Wealth Management, AIRE ONE Comprehensive Wealth Management and Cash
Management client has the opportunity to place reasonable restrictions on the types of investments to
be held in the portfolio. Restrictions on investments in certain securities or types of securities may not
be possible due to the level of difficulty this would entail in managing the account.
Participation in Wrap Fee Programs
Our firm does not offer or sponsor a wrap fee program.
Regulatory Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2025, our firm manages $985,972,513 on a discretionary basis and 20,462,086
on a non-discretionary basis for a total of $1,006,434,599 in assets under management.
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AIRE Advisors, LLC
Item 5: Fees & Compensation
Compensation for Our Advisory Services
Comprehensive Wealth Management:
The maximum annual fee charged to international clients for this service will not exceed 1.50% or
the equivalent as a flat dollar amount. The maximum annual fee charged to domestic clients located
within the United States will not exceed 0.95% or the equivalent as a flat dollar amount. The annual
advisory fee schedule for domestic clients is outlined below:
Assets Under Management
First $2,000,000
Next $8,000,000
Next $10,000,000
Next $5,000,000
$25,000,000 & Above
Annual Percentage of Assets Charge
0.95%
0.65%
0.45%
0.25%
Negotiable
* Please note that the above fee schedule is a blended fee schedule. For example, if a client has
$22,500,000 in assets under management, the annualized advisory fee will be $122,250. The
calculation will be as follows:
($2,000,000 x 0.95%) + ($8,000,000 x 0.65%) + ($10,000,000 x 0.45%) + ($2,500,000 x 0.25%) =
$19,000 + $52,000 + $45,000 + $6,250 = $122,250 annualized fee.
Fees to be assessed will be outlined in the advisory agreement to be signed by the client. Annualized
fees are billed on a pro-rata basis monthly in arrears based on the value of the account(s) on the time-
weighted daily average of the month. Unless otherwise noted in writing, our firm bills on cash and
cash equivalents. Fees are customizable at out firm’s discretion and will be deducted from client
account(s). Our firm does not offer direct invoicing. As part of this process, Clients understand the
following:
a) The client’s independent custodian sends statements at least quarterly showing the market
values for each security included in the Assets and all account disbursements, including the
amount of the advisory fees paid to our firm;
b) Clients will provide authorization permitting our firm to be directly paid by these terms. Our
firm will send an invoice directly to the custodian; and
c) If our firm sends a copy of our invoice to the client, a legend urging the comparison of
information provided in our statement with those from the qualified custodian will be
included.
The maximum annual fee charged to clients utilizing Third Party Managers will be distinct from the
maximum fee published above for this service. These fees are separate but in addition to the advisory
fees outlined above. Third party money managers establish and maintain their own separate billing
processes over which we have no control. In general, they will directly bill you and describe how this
works in their separate written disclosure documents. Our firm will debit fees for this service as
disclosed in the executed advisory agreement between the client and our firm. The third-party money
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AIRE Advisors, LLC
managers we recommend will not directly charge you a higher fee than they would have charged
without us introducing you to them. The maximum annual percentage of assets charged for clients
utilizing our Comprehensive Portfolio Management service as well as the services of a third-party
money manager will not exceed 2.00%
AIRE ONE Comprehensive Wealth Management:
The maximum annual fee charged to advisory clients will not exceed 0.95% of advised assets
(including outside assets not under our direct management) which will always be charged the
equivalent as a flat dollar amount. Fees to be assessed will be outlined in the advisory agreement to
be signed by the client. Annualized fees are billed on a pro-rata basis monthly in arrears based on the
value of the account(s) on the time-weighted daily average of the month. Unless otherwise noted in
writing, our firm bills on cash and cash equivalents. Fees are customizable at our firm’s discretion
and will be deducted from client account(s). Our firm does not offer direct invoicing.
Cash Management:
The Maximum fee for our Cash Management service is 0.22% per annum. The ultimate fees to be
assessed will be outlined in the advisory agreement to be signed by the client. Our firm bills on cash
unless indicated otherwise in writing. Annualized fees are billed on a pro-rata basis monthly in
arrears based on the value of the account(s) on the time-weighted daily average of the month. Fees
are negotiable and will be deducted from client account(s). Our firm does not offer direct invoicing.
As part of this process, Clients understand the following:
a) The client’s independent custodian sends statements at least quarterly showing the market
values for each security included in the Assets and all account disbursements, including the
amount of the advisory fees paid to our firm;
b) Clients will provide authorization permitting our firm to be directly paid by these terms. Our
firm will send an invoice directly to the custodian; and
c) If our firm sends a copy of our invoice to the client, a legend urging the comparison of
information provided in our statement with those from the qualified custodian will be
included.
Retirement Plan Consulting:
Our Retirement Plan Consulting services are billed a fee calculated based on the percentage of Plan
assets under management. The total estimated fee, as well as the ultimate fee charged, is based on
the scope and complexity of our engagement with the client. Fees based on a percentage of managed
Plan assets will not exceed 0.95%. The fee-paying arrangements will be determined on a case-by-
case basis and will be detailed in the signed consulting agreement.
Financial Institution Consulting Services
Our firm receives a consulting fee based on the Assets Under Management from Brokerage Customers
who have provided written consent to a broker/dealer to receive the investment consulting service
from our firm and have entered into a written advisory contract with our firm. The consulting fee is
calculated from the Assets Under Management as of the end of a calendar quarter period multiplied
by the annualized rate of from 0.25% to 0.95% basis points. The initial fee is paid only after the
completion of one full calendar quarter period following the date of the executed agreement with
broker/dealers.
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AIRE Advisors, LLC
Other Types of Fees & Expenses
Clients may incur transaction fees for trades executed by their chosen custodian, via individual
transaction charges. These transaction fees are separate from our firm’s advisory fees and will be
disclosed by the chosen custodian.
Fidelity Brokerage Services (“Fidelity”) eliminated transaction fees for U.S. listed equities and
exchange traded funds for clients who opt into electronic delivery of statements or maintain at least
$1 million in assets at Fidelity. Clients who do not meet either criteria will be subject to transaction
fees charged by Fidelity for U.S. listed equities and exchange traded funds.
Clients may also pay holdings charges imposed by the chosen custodian for certain investments,
charges imposed directly by a mutual fund, index fund, or exchange traded fund, which shall be
disclosed in the fund’s prospectus (i.e., fund management fees, initial or deferred sales charges,
mutual fund sales loads, 12b-1 fees, surrender charges, variable annuity fees, IRA and qualified
retirement plan fees, and other fund expenses), mark-ups and mark-downs, spreads paid to market
makers, fees for trades executed away from custodian, wire transfer fees and other fees and taxes on
brokerage accounts and securities transactions. Our firm does not receive a portion of these fees.
Termination & Refunds
Either party may terminate the advisory agreement signed with our firm for Comprehensive Wealth
Management, AIRE ONE Comprehensive Wealth Management or Cash Management services in
writing at any time. Upon notice of termination pro-rata advisory fees for services rendered to the
point of termination will be charged. If advisory fees cannot be deducted, our firm will send an invoice
for due advisory fees to the client.
Either party to a Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement may terminate at any time by providing
written notice to the other party. Full refunds will only be made in cases where cancellation occurs
within 5 business days of signing an agreement. After 5 business days from initial signing, either
party must provide the other party 30 days written notice to terminate billing. Billing will terminate
30 days after receipt of termination notice. Clients will be charged on a pro-rata basis, which takes
into account work completed by our firm on behalf of the client. Clients will incur charges for bona
fide advisory services rendered up to the point of termination (determined as 30 days from receipt
of said written notice) and such fees will be due and payable.
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AIRE Advisors, LLC
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management
Our firm does not charge performance-based fees.
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements
Our firm has the following types of clients:
• High Net Worth Individuals and Ultra High Net Worth Individuals.
• Trusts, Estates or Charitable Organizations;
• Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans;
• Corporations, Limited Liability Companies and/or Other Business Types
• Broker/Dealer
Our requirements for opening and maintaining accounts or otherwise engaging us:
• Our firm requires a minimum account balance of $500,000 for our Comprehensive Portfolio
Management service. Generally, this minimum account balance requirement is not negotiable
and would be required throughout the course of the client’s relationship with our firm.
However, our firm may waive this minimum requirement at our discretion.
• Our firm requires a minimum account balance of $25,000,000 for our AIRE ONE
Comprehensive Wealth Management service. Generally, this minimum account balance
requirement is not negotiable and would be required throughout the course of the client’s
relationship with our firm. However, our firm may waive this minimum requirement at our
discretion.
• Our firm requires a minimum account balance of $3,000,000 for our Cash Management
service. Generally, this minimum account balance requirement is not negotiable and would
be required throughout the course of the client’s relationship with our firm. However, our
firm may waive this minimum requirement at our discretion.
Clients who opt into electronic delivery of statements or maintain at least $1 million in assets at
Fidelity will not be charged transaction fees for U.S. listed equities and exchange traded funds.
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Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis
We use the following methods of analysis in formulating our investment advice and/or managing
client assets:
Alternative Investments: Hedge funds, commodity pools, Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”),
Business Development Companies (“BDCs”), and other alternative investments involve a high degree
of risk and can be illiquid due to restrictions on transfer and lack of a secondary trading market. They
can be highly leveraged, speculative, and volatile, and an investor could lose all or a substantial
amount of an investment. Alternative investments may lack transparency as to share price, valuation,
and portfolio holdings. Complex tax structures often result in delayed tax reporting. Compared to
mutual funds, hedge funds and commodity pools are subject to less regulation and often charge
higher fees. Alternative investment managers typically exercise broad investment discretion and may
apply similar strategies across multiple investment vehicles, resulting in less diversification.
Modern Portfolio Theory (“MPT”): A mathematical framework for assembling a portfolio of assets
such that the expected return is maximized for a given level of risk, defined as variance. Its key insight
is that an asset's risk and return should not be assessed by itself, but by how it contributes to a
portfolio's overall risk and return. MPT assumes that investors are risk averse, meaning that given
two portfolios that offer the same expected return, investors will prefer the less risky one. Thus, an
investor will take on increased risk only if compensated by higher expected returns. Conversely, an
investor who wants higher expected returns must accept more risk. The exact trade-off will be the
same for all investors, but different investors will evaluate the trade-off differently based on
individual risk aversion characteristics. The implication is that a rational investor will not invest in a
portfolio if a second portfolio exists with a more favorable risk-expected return profile – i.e., if for
that level of risk an alternative portfolio exists that has better expected returns.
The risk, return, and correlation measures used by MPT are based on expected values, which means
that they are mathematical statements about the future (the expected value of returns is explicit in
the above equations, and implicit in the definitions of variance and covariance). In practice, investors
must substitute predictions based on historical measurements of asset return and volatility for these
values in the equations. Very often such expected values fail to take account of new circumstances
that did not exist when the historical data were generated. Mathematical risk measurements are also
useful only to the degree that they reflect investors' true concerns—there is no point minimizing a
variable that nobody cares about in practice. MPT uses the mathematical concept of variance to
quantify risk, and this might be justified under the assumption of elliptically distributed returns such
as normally distributed returns, but for general return distributions other risk measures (like
coherent risk measures) might better reflect investors' true preferences.
Third-Party Money Manager Analysis: The analysis of the experience, investment philosophies,
and past performance of independent third-party investment managers in an attempt to determine
if that manager has demonstrated an ability to invest over a period of time and in different economic
conditions. Analysis is completed by monitoring the manager’s underlying holdings, strategies,
concentrations, and leverage as part of our overall periodic risk assessment. Additionally, as part of
the due-diligence process, the manager’s compliance and business enterprise risks are surveyed and
reviewed. A risk of investing with a third-party manager who has been successful in the past is that
they may not be able to replicate that success in the future. In addition, as our firm does not control
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the underlying investments in a third-party manager’s portfolio, there is also a risk that a manager
may deviate from the stated investment mandate or strategy of the portfolio, making it a less suitable
investment for our clients. Moreover, as our firm does not control the manager’s daily business and
compliance operations, our firm may be unaware of the lack of internal controls necessary to prevent
business, regulatory or reputational deficiencies.
Investment Strategies We Use
We use the following strategies in managing client accounts, provided that such strategies are
appropriate to the needs of the client and consistent with the client's investment objectives, risk
tolerance, and time horizons, among other considerations:
Asset Allocation: The implementation of an investment strategy that attempts to balance risk versus
reward by adjusting the percentage of each asset in an investment portfolio according to the
investor's risk tolerance, goals and investment time frame. Asset allocation is based on the principle
that different assets perform differently in different market and economic conditions. A fundamental
justification for asset allocation is the notion that different asset classes offer returns that are not
perfectly correlated, hence diversification reduces the overall risk in terms of the variability of
returns for a given level of expected return. Although risk is reduced as long as correlations are not
perfect, it is typically forecast (wholly or in part) based on statistical relationships (like correlation
and variance) that existed over some past period. Expectations for return are often derived in the
same way.
An asset class is a group of economic resources sharing similar characteristics, such as riskiness and
return. There are many types of assets that may or may not be included in an asset allocation strategy.
The "traditional" asset classes are stocks (value, dividend, growth, or sector-specific [or a "blend" of
any two or more of the preceding]; large-cap versus mid-cap, small-cap or micro-cap; domestic,
foreign [developed], emerging or frontier markets), bonds (fixed income securities more generally:
investment-grade or junk [high-yield]; government or corporate; short-term, intermediate, long-
term; domestic, foreign, emerging markets), and cash or cash equivalents. Allocation among these
three provides a starting point. Usually included are hybrid instruments such as convertible bonds
and preferred stocks, counting as a mixture of bonds and stocks. Other alternative assets that may be
considered include: commodities: precious metals, nonferrous metals, agriculture, energy, others.;
Commercial or residential real estate (also REITs); Collectibles such as art, coins, or stamps;
insurance products (annuity, life settlements, catastrophe bonds, personal life insurance products,
etc.); derivatives such as long-short or market neutral strategies, options, collateralized debt, and
futures; foreign currency; venture capital; private equity; and/or distressed securities.
There are several types of asset allocation strategies based on investment goals, risk tolerance, time
frames and diversification. The most common forms of asset allocation are: strategic, dynamic,
tactical, and core-satellite.
• Strategic Asset Allocation: The primary goal of a strategic asset allocation is to create an asset
mix that seeks to provide the optimal balance between expected risk and return for a long-
term investment horizon. Generally speaking, strategic asset allocation strategies are
agnostic to economic environments, i.e., they do not change their allocation postures relative
to changing market or economic conditions.
• Dynamic Asset Allocation: Dynamic asset allocation is similar to strategic asset allocation in
that portfolios are built by allocating to an asset mix that seeks to provide the optimal balance
between expected risk and return for a long-term investment horizon. Like strategic
allocation strategies, dynamic strategies largely retain exposure to their original asset
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classes; however, unlike strategic strategies, dynamic asset allocation portfolios will adjust
their postures over time relative to changes in the economic environment.
• Core-Satellite Asset Allocation: Core-Satellite allocation strategies generally contain a 'core'
strategic element making up the most significant portion of the portfolio, while applying a
dynamic or tactical 'satellite' strategy that makes up a smaller part of the portfolio. In this
way, core-satellite allocation strategies are a hybrid of the strategic and dynamic/tactical
allocation strategies mentioned above.
Fixed Income: Fixed income is a type of investing or budgeting style for which real return rates or
periodic income is received at regular intervals and at reasonably predictable levels. Fixed-income
investors are typically retired individuals who rely on their investments to provide a regular, stable
income stream. This demographic tends to invest heavily in fixed-income investments because of the
reliable returns they offer. Fixed-income investors who live on set amounts of periodically paid
income face the risk of inflation eroding their spending power.
Some examples of fixed-income investments include treasuries, money market instruments,
corporate bonds, asset-backed securities, municipal bonds, and international bonds. The primary
risk associated with fixed-income investments is the borrower defaulting on his payment. Other
considerations include exchange rate risk for international bonds and interest rate risk for longer-
dated securities. The most common type of fixed-income security is a bond. Bonds are issued by
federal governments, local municipalities, and major corporations. Fixed-income securities are
recommended for investors seeking a diverse portfolio; however, the percentage of the portfolio
dedicated to fixed income depends on your own personal investment style. There is also an
opportunity to diversify the fixed-income component of a portfolio. Riskier fixed-income products,
such as junk bonds and longer-dated products, should comprise a lower percentage of your overall
portfolio.
The interest payment on fixed-income securities is considered regular income and is determined
based on the creditworthiness of the borrower and current market rates. In general, bonds and fixed-
income securities with longer-dated maturities pay a higher rate, also referred to as the coupon rate,
because they are considered riskier. The longer the security is on the market, the more time it has to
lose its value and/or default. At the end of the bond term, or at bond maturity, the borrower returns
the amount borrowed, also referred to as the principal or par value.
Margin Transactions: Our firm may purchase stocks, mutual funds, and/or other securities for your
portfolio with money borrowed from your brokerage account. This allows you to purchase more
stock than you would be able to with your available cash and allows us to purchase stock without
selling other holdings. Margin accounts and transactions are risky and not necessarily appropriate
for every client. The potential risks associated with these transactions are (1) You can lose more
funds than are deposited into the margin account; (2) the forced sale of securities or other assets in
your account; (3) the sale of securities or other assets without contacting you; and (4) you may not
be entitled to choose which securities or other assets in your account(s) are liquidated or sold to
meet a margin call.
Options: An option is a financial derivative that represents a contract sold by one party (the option
writer) to another party (the option holder, or option buyer). The contract offers the buyer the right,
but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security or other financial asset at an agreed-upon price (the
strike price) during a certain period of time or on a specific date (exercise date). Options are
extremely versatile securities. Traders use options to speculate, which is a relatively risky practice,
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while hedgers use options to reduce the risk of holding an asset. In terms of speculation, option
buyers and writers have conflicting views regarding the outlook on the performance of a:
• Call Option: Call options give the option to buy at certain price, so the buyer would want the
stock to go up. Conversely, the option writer needs to provide the underlying shares in the
event that the stock's market price exceeds the strike due to the contractual obligation. An
option writer who sells a call option believes that the underlying stock's price will drop
relative to the option's strike price during the life of the option, as that is how he will reap
maximum profit. This is exactly the opposite outlook of the option buyer. The buyer believes
that the underlying stock will rise; if this happens, the buyer will be able to acquire the stock
for a lower price and then sell it for a profit. However, if the underlying stock does not close
above the strike price on the expiration date, the option buyer would lose the premium paid
for the call option.
• Put Option: Put options give the option to sell at a certain price, so the buyer would want the
stock to go down. The opposite is true for put option writers. For example, a put option buyer
is bearish on the underlying stock and believes its market price will fall below the specified
strike price on or before a specified date. On the other hand, an option writer who sells a put
option believes the underlying stock's price will increase about a specified price on or before
the expiration date. If the underlying stock's price closes above the specified strike price on
the expiration date, the put option writer's maximum profit is achieved. Conversely, a put
option holder would only benefit from a fall in the underlying stock's price below the strike
price. If the underlying stock's price falls below the strike price, the put option writer is
obligated to purchase shares of the underlying stock at the strike price.
The potential risks associated with these transactions are that (1) all options expire. The closer the
option gets to expiration, the quicker the premium in the option deteriorates; and (2) Prices can move
very quickly. Depending on factors such as time until expiration and the relationship of the stock
price to the option’s strike price, small movements in a stock can translate into big movements in the
underlying options.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”): REITs primarily invest in real estate or real estate-
related loans. Equity REITs own real estate properties, while mortgage REITs hold construction,
development and/or long-term mortgage loans. Changes in the value of the underlying property of
the trusts, the creditworthiness of the issuer, property taxes, interest rates, tax laws, and regulatory
requirements, such as those relating to the environment all can affect the values of REITs. Both types
of REITs are dependent upon management skill, the cash flows generated by their holdings, the real
estate market in general, and the possibility of failing to qualify for any applicable pass-through tax
treatment or failing to maintain any applicable exempted status afforded under relevant laws.
Structured Products: Structured products are designed to facilitate highly customized risk-return
objectives. While structured products come in many different forms, they typically consist of a debt
security that is structured to make interest and principal payments based upon various assets, rates,
or formulas. Many structured products include an embedded derivative component. Structured
products may be structured in the form of a security, in which case these products may receive
benefits provided under federal securities law, or they may be cast as derivatives, in which case they
are offered in the over-the-counter market and are subject to no regulation.
Investing in structured products includes significant risks, including valuation, lack of liquidity, price,
credit, and market risks. The relative lack of liquidity due to the highly customized nature of the
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investment. Moreover, the full extent of returns from the complex performance features is often not
realized until maturity. As such, structured products tend to be more of a buy-and-hold investment
decision rather than a means of getting in and out of a position with speed and efficiency.
Another risk with structured products is the credit quality of the issuer. Although the cash flows are
derived from other sources, the products themselves are legally considered to be the issuing financial
institution's liabilities. The vast majority of structured products are from high-investment-grade
issuers only. Also, there is a lack of pricing transparency. There is no uniform standard for pricing,
making it harder to compare the net-of-pricing attractiveness of alternative structured product
offerings than it is, for instance, to compare the net expense ratios of different mutual funds or
commissions among broker-dealers.
Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. While the stock
market may increase and the account(s) could enjoy a gain, it is also possible that the stock market
may decrease, and the account(s) could suffer a loss. It is important that clients understand the risks
associated with investing in the stock market, and that their assets are appropriately diversified in
investments. Clients are encouraged to ask our firm any questions regarding their risk tolerance.
Capital Risk: Capital risk is one of the most basic, fundamental risks of investing; it is the risk that
you may lose 100% of your money. All investments carry some form of risk and the loss of capital is
generally a risk for any investment instrument.
Credit Risk: Credit risk can be a factor in situations where an investment’s performance relies on a
borrower’s repayment of borrowed funds. With credit risk, an investor can experience a loss or
unfavorable performance if a borrower does not repay the borrowed funds as expected or required.
Investment holdings that involve forms of indebtedness (i.e. borrowed funds) are subject to credit
risk.
Economic Risk: The prevailing economic environment is important to the health of all businesses.
Some companies, however, are more sensitive to changes in the domestic or global economy than
others. These types of companies are often referred to as cyclical businesses. Countries in which a
large portion of businesses are in cyclical industries are thus also very economically sensitive and
carry a higher amount of economic risk. If an investment is issued by a party located in a country that
experiences wide swings from an economic standpoint or in situations where certain elements of an
investment instrument are hinged on dealings in such countries, the investment instrument will
generally be subject to a higher level of economic risk.
Equity (Stock) Market Risk: Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations
and, volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers
change. If you held common stock, or common stock equivalents, of any given issuer, you would
generally be exposed to greater risk than if you held preferred stocks and debt obligations of the
issuer.
ETF & Mutual Fund Risk: When investing in an ETF or mutual fund, you will bear additional
expenses based on your pro rata share of the ETF’s or mutual fund’s operating expenses, including
the potential duplication of management fees. The risk of owning an ETF or mutual fund generally
reflects the risks of owning the underlying securities, the ETF, or mutual fund holds. Clients will also
incur brokerage costs when purchasing ETFs.
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Financial Risk: Financial risk is represented by internal disruptions within an investment or the
issuer of an investment that can lead to unfavorable performance of the investment. Examples of
financial risk can be found in cases like Enron or many of the dot com companies that were caught
up in a period of extraordinary market valuations that were not based on solid financial footings of
the companies.
Fixed Income Securities Risk: Typically, the values of fixed-income securities change inversely with
prevailing interest rates. Therefore, a fundamental risk of fixed-income securities is interest rate risk,
which is the risk that their value will generally decline as prevailing interest rates rise, which may
cause your account value to likewise decrease, and vice versa. How specific fixed income securities
may react to changes in interest rates will depend on the specific characteristics of each security.
Fixed-income securities are also subject to credit risk, prepayment risk, valuation risk, and liquidity
risk. Credit risk is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest and principal in a timely
manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the
price of a bond to decline.
Inflation Risk: Inflation risk involves the concern that in the future, your investment or proceeds
from your investment will not be worth what they are today. Throughout time, the prices of resources
and end-user products generally increase and thus, the same general goods and products today will
likely be more expensive in the future. The longer an investment is held, the greater the chance that
the proceeds from that investment will be worth less in the future than what they are today. Said
another way, a dollar tomorrow will likely get you less than what it can today.
Interest Rate Risk: Certain investments involve the payment of a fixed or variable rate of interest to
the investment holder. Once an investor has acquired or has acquired the rights to an investment that
pays a particular rate (fixed or variable) of interest, changes in overall interest rates in the market
will affect the value of the interest-paying investment(s) they hold. In general, changes in prevailing
interest rates in the market will have an inverse relationship to the value of existing, interest paying
investments. In other words, as interest rates move up, the value of an instrument paying a particular
rate (fixed or variable) of interest will go down. The reverse is generally true as well.
Legal/Regulatory Risk: Certain investments or the issuers of investments may be affected by
changes in state or federal laws or in the prevailing regulatory framework under which the
investment instrument or its issuer is regulated. Changes in the regulatory environment or tax laws
can affect the performance of certain investments or issuers of those investments and thus, can have
a negative impact on the overall performance of such investments.
Manager Risk: There is always the possibility that poor security selection will cause your
investments to underperform relative to benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment
objective.
Market Risk: The value of your portfolio may decrease if the value of an individual company or
multiple companies in the portfolio decreases or if our belief about a company’s intrinsic worth is
incorrect. Further, regardless of how well individual companies perform, the value of your portfolio
could also decrease if there are deteriorating economic or market conditions. It is important to
understand that the value of your investment may fall, sometimes sharply, in response to changes in
the market, and you could lose money. Investment risks include price risk as may be observed by a
drop in a security’s price due to company specific events (e.g. earnings disappointment or downgrade
in the rating of a bond) or general market risk (e.g. such as a “bear” market when stock values fall in
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general). For fixed-income securities, a period of rising interest rates could erode the value of a bond
since bond values generally fall as bond yields go up. Past performance is not a guarantee of future
returns.
Money Market Risk: An investment in a money market fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured
or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
Although a money market fund seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, it
is possible to lose money by investing in a money market fund.
Options Risk: Options on securities may be subject to greater fluctuations in value than an
investment in the underlying securities. Additionally, options have an expiration date, which makes
them “decay” in value over the amount of time they are held and can expire worthless. Purchasing
and writing put, and call options are highly specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary
investment risks.
Past Performance: Charting and technical analysis are often used interchangeably. Technical
analysis generally attempts to forecast an investment’s future potential by analyzing its past
performance and other related statistics. In particular, technical analysis often times involves an
evaluation of historical pricing and volume of a particular security for the purpose of forecasting
where future price and volume figures may go. As with any investment analysis method, technical
analysis runs the risk of not knowing the future and thus, investors should realize that even the most
diligent and thorough technical analysis cannot predict or guarantee the future performance of any
particular investment instrument or issuer thereof.
Strategy Risk: There is no guarantee that the investment strategies discussed herein will work under
all market conditions and each investor should evaluate his/her ability to maintain any investment
he/she is considering in light of his/her own investment time horizon. Investments are subject to
risk, including possible loss of principal.
Our firm generally invests client cash balances in money market funds, FDIC Insured Certificates of
Deposit, high-grade commercial paper and/or government backed debt instruments. Ultimately, our
firm tries to achieve the highest return on client cash balances through relatively low-risk
conservative investments. In most cases, at least a partial cash balance will be maintained in a money
market account so that our firm may debit advisory fees for our services related to our
Comprehensive Wealth Management services, as applicable.
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
There are no legal or disciplinary events that are material to the evaluation of our advisory business
or the integrity of our management.
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Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations
Representatives of our firm are insurance agents/brokers, furthermore our Firm is also registered
as an Insurance Agency doing business as, Insurance Agency by AIRE. As such, our Firm and our
Representatives offer insurance products and receive customary fees as a result of insurance sales.
A conflict of interest exists as these insurance sales may create an incentive to recommend products
based on the compensation our Firm and/or our supervised persons may earn. To mitigate this
potential conflict, our firm will act in the client’s best interest.
Financial Institution Consulting Services
Our firm has agreement(s) with broker/dealers to provide investment consulting services to
Brokerage Customers. Broker/dealers pay compensation to our firm for providing investment
consulting services to Customers. This consulting arrangement does not include assuming
discretionary authority over Brokerage Customers’ brokerage accounts or the monitoring of
securities. These consulting services offered to Brokerage Customers may include a general review
of Brokerage Customers’ investment holdings, which may or may not result in our firm’s investment
adviser representative making specific securities recommendations or offering general investment
advice. Brokerage Customers will execute a written advisory agreement directly with our firm.
This relationship presents conflicts of interest. Potential conflicts are mitigated by Brokerage
Customers consenting to receive investment consulting services from our firm; by our firm not
accepting or billing for additional compensation on broker/dealers’ Assets Under Management
beyond the consulting fees disclosed in Item 5 in connection with the investment consulting services;
and by our firm not engaging as, or holding itself out to the public as, a securities broker/dealer. Our
firm is not affiliated with any broker/dealer.
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation, or Interest in
Client Transactions & Personal Trading
As a fiduciary, it is an investment adviser’s responsibility to provide fair and full disclosure of all material
facts and to act solely in the best interest of each of our clients at all times. Our fiduciary duty is the
underlying principle for our firm’s Code of Ethics, which includes procedures for personal securities
transaction and insider trading. Our firm requires all representatives to conduct business with the
highest level of ethical standards and to comply with all federal and state securities laws at all times.
Upon employment with our firm, and at least annually thereafter, all representatives of our firm will
acknowledge receipt, understanding and compliance with our firm’s Code of Ethics. Our firm and
representatives must conduct business in an honest, ethical, and fair manner and avoid all circumstances
that might negatively affect or appear to affect our duty of complete loyalty to all clients. This disclosure
is provided to give all clients a summary of our Code of Ethics. If a client or a potential client wishes to
review our Code of Ethics in its entirety, a copy will be provided promptly upon request.
Our firm recognizes that the personal investment transactions of our representatives demands the
application of a Code of Ethics with high standards and requires that all such transactions be carried out
in a way that does not endanger the interest of any client. At the same time, our firm also believes that if
investment goals are similar for clients and for our representatives, it is logical, and even desirable, that
there be common ownership of some securities.
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To prevent conflicts of interest, our firm has established procedures for transactions effected by our
representatives for their personal accounts1. To monitor compliance with our personal trading policy,
our firm has pre-clearance requirements and a quarterly securities transaction reporting system for all
of our representatives.
Neither our firm nor a related person recommends, buys, or sells for client accounts, securities in
which our firm or a related person has a material financial interest without prior disclosure to the
client.
Related persons of our firm may buy or sell securities and other investments that are also
recommended to clients. To minimize this conflict of interest, our related persons will place client
interests ahead of their own interests and adhere to our firm’s Code of Ethics, a copy of which is
available upon request.
Likewise, related persons of our firm buy or sell securities for themselves at or about the same time they
buy or sell the same securities for client accounts. To minimize this conflict of interest, our related
persons will place client interests ahead of their own interests and adhere to our firm’s Code of Ethics, a
copy of which is available upon request. Further, our related persons will refrain from buying or selling
the same securities prior to buying or selling for our clients in the same day unless included in a block
trade.
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
Selecting a Brokerage Firm
While our firm does not maintain physical custody of client assets, we are deemed to have custody of
certain client assets if given the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts (see Item 15
Custody, below). Client assets must be maintained by a qualified custodian. Our firm seeks to
recommend a custodian who will hold client assets and execute transactions on terms that are overall
most advantageous when compared to other available providers and their services. The factors
considered, among others, are these:
• Timeliness of execution
• Timeliness and accuracy of trade confirmations
• Research services provided
• Ability to provide investment ideas
• Execution facilitation services provided
• Record keeping services provided
• Custody services provided
• Frequency and correction of trading errors
• Ability to access a variety of market venues
• Expertise as it relates to specific securities
• Financial condition
• Business reputation
• Quality of services
1 For purposes of the policy, our associate’s personal account generally includes any account (a) in the name of our associate, his/her spouse,
his/her minor children or other dependents residing in the same household, (b) for which our associate is a trustee or executor, or (c) which our
associate controls, including our client accounts which our associate controls and/or a member of his/her household has a direct or indirect
beneficial interest in.
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With this in consideration, our firm has an arrangement with Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC
(“Fidelity”) and Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”), which provides our firm with
“platform” services. The platform services include, among others, brokerage, custodial,
administrative support, record keeping and related services that are intended to support our firm
in conducting business and in serving the best interests of our clients but that may benefit our
firm. Fidelity and Schwab offers to independent investment advisors services which include
custody of securities, trade execution, clearance and settlement of transactions. Fidelity and
Schwab may be collectively referred to as “The Custodians”.
The Custodians may make certain research and brokerage services available at no additional cost to
our firm. Research products and services provided by The Custodians may include: research reports on
recommendations or other information about particular companies or industries; economic surveys,
data and analyses; financial publications; portfolio evaluation services; financial database software and
services; computerized news and pricing services; quotation equipment for use in running software
used in investment decision-making; and other products or services that provide lawful and appropriate
assistance by The Custodians to our firm in the performance of our investment decision-making
responsibilities. The aforementioned research and brokerage services qualify for the safe harbor
exemption defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
The Custodians do not make client brokerage commissions generated by client transactions available
for our firm’s use. The aforementioned research and brokerage services are used by our firm to
manage accounts for which our firm has investment discretion. Without this arrangement, our firm
might be compelled to purchase the same or similar services at our own expense.
As part of our fiduciary duty to our clients, our firm will endeavor at all times to put the interests of
our clients first. Clients should be aware, however, that the receipt of economic benefits by our firm
or our related persons creates a potential conflict of interest and may indirectly influence our firm’s
choice of Custodian as a custodial recommendation. Our firm examined this potential conflict of
interest when our firm chose to recommend The Custodians and have determined that the
recommendation is in the best interest of our firm’s clients and satisfies our fiduciary obligations,
including our duty to seek best execution.
Our clients may pay a transaction fee or commission to The Custodians that is higher than another
qualified broker dealer might charge to affect the same transaction where our firm determines in
good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research
services provided to the client as a whole.
In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the
transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of a
broker-dealer’s services, including the value of research provided, execution capability, commission
rates, and responsiveness. Although our firm will seek competitive rates, to the benefit of all clients,
our firm may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for specific client account
transactions.
Soft Dollars
Aside from this, our firm does not receive soft dollars in excess of what is allowed by Section 28(e) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The safe harbor research products and services obtained by our
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firm will generally be used to service all of our clients but not necessarily all at any one particular
time.
Client Brokerage Commissions
The Custodians do not make client brokerage commissions generated by client transactions available
for our firm’s use.
Client Transactions in Return for Soft Dollars
Our firm does not direct client transactions to a particular broker-dealer in return for soft dollar
benefits.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
Our firm does not receive brokerage for client referrals.
Directed Brokerage
Neither our firm nor any of our firm’s representatives have discretionary authority in making the
determination of the brokers-dealers and/or custodians with whom orders for the purchase or sale
of securities are placed for execution, and the commission rates at which such securities transactions
are affected. Our firm routinely recommends that clients direct us to execute through a specified
broker-dealer. Our firm recommends the use of Schwab and Fidelity. Each client will be required to
establish their account(s) with Schwab or Fidelity if not already done. Please note that not all advisers
have this requirement.
Special Considerations for ERISA Clients
A retirement or ERISA plan client may direct all or part of portfolio transactions for its account
through a specific broker or dealer in order to obtain goods or services on behalf of the plan. Such
direction is permitted provided that the goods and services provided are reasonable expenses of the
plan incurred in the ordinary course of its business for which it otherwise would be obligated and
empowered to pay. ERISA prohibits directed brokerage arrangements when the goods or services
purchased are not for the exclusive benefit of the plan. Consequently, our firm will request that plan
sponsors who direct plan brokerage provide us with a letter documenting that this arrangement will
be for the exclusive benefit of the plan.
Client-Directed Brokerage
Our firm does not allow client-directed brokerage outside our recommendations.
Aggregation of Purchase or Sale
Our firm provides investment management services for various clients. There are occasions on which
portfolio transactions may be executed as part of concurrent authorizations to purchase or sell the same
security for numerous accounts served by our firm, which involve accounts with similar investment
objectives. Although such concurrent authorizations potentially could be either advantageous or
disadvantageous to any one or more particular accounts, they are affected only when our firm believes
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that to do so will be in the best interest of the effected accounts. When such concurrent authorizations
occur, the objective is to allocate the executions in a manner which is deemed equitable to the accounts
involved. In any given situation, our firm attempts to allocate trade executions in the most equitable
manner possible, taking into consideration client objectives, current asset allocation and availability of
funds using price averaging, proration and consistently non-arbitrary methods of allocation.
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans
Our management personnel or financial advisors review accounts on at least an annual basis for our
Comprehensive Wealth Management, AIRE ONE Comprehensive Wealth Management and Cash
Management clients. The nature of these reviews is to learn whether client accounts are in line with
their investment objectives, appropriately positioned based on market conditions, and investment
policies, if applicable. Our firm does not provide written reports to clients, unless asked to do so.
Verbal reports to clients take place on at least an annual basis when our Comprehensive Wealth
Management and Cash Management clients are contacted.
Our firm may review client accounts more frequently than described above. Among the factors which
may trigger an off-cycle review are major market or economic events, the client’s life events, requests
by the client, etc.
Retirement Plan Consulting clients receive reviews of their retirement plans for the duration of the
service. Our firm also provides ongoing services where clients are met with upon their request to
discuss updates to their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc. Retirement Plan Consulting clients
do not receive written or verbal updated reports regarding their plans unless they choose to engage
our firm for ongoing services.
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation
Schwab
Our firm receives economic benefit from Schwab in the form of the support products and services
made available to our firm and other independent investment advisors that have their clients
maintain accounts at Schwab. These products and services, how they benefit our firm, and the related
conflicts of interest are described above (see Item 12 – Brokerage Practices). The availability of
Schwab’s products and services is not based on our firm giving particular investment advice, such as
buying particular securities for our clients.
Fidelity
Except for the arrangements outlined in Item 12 of Form ADV Part 2A, our firm has no additional
arrangements to disclose.
Product Sponsor Funded Events
In an effort to keep our clients informed as to the services we offer and the various financial products
we utilize, our firm occasionally sponsors events in conjunction with our product providers. These
events are educational in nature and are not dependent upon the use of any specific products. While
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a conflict of interest may exist given that these events are at least partially funded by product
sponsors, all funds received from the sponsors are used for the education of our clients, and we will
always adhere to our fiduciary duties in selecting appropriate investments for our clients.
Travel Reimbursement
In an effort to stay up to date on the various financial products we cover, representatives of our firm
will occasionally accept travel expense reimbursement provided by the sponsor of a given product
to attend their events. These events are educational in nature, and reimbursement is not directly
dependent upon the recommendation of any specific products. While a conflict of interest may exist
to recommend products which provide more travel reimbursements than those that don’t, our
representatives shall always adhere to their fiduciary duties in recommending appropriate
investments.
Referral Fees
Our firm provides cash or non-cash compensation directly or indirectly to unaffiliated persons for
the referral of prospective clients to our firm in accordance with Rule 206 (4)-1 of the Investment
Advisers Act of 1940. Such compensation arrangements will not result in higher costs to the referred
client. In this regard, our firm maintains a written agreement with each unaffiliated person that is
compensated for testimonials or endorsements (which include client referrals) in an aggregate
amount of $1,000 or more (or the equivalent value in non-cash compensation) over a trailing 12-
month period in compliance with Rule 206 (4)-1 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and
applicable state and federal laws. The following information will be disclosed clearly and
prominently to referred prospective clients at the time of each referral:
• Whether or not the unaffiliated person is a current client of our firm,
• A description of the cash or non-cash compensation provided directly or indirectly by our
firm to the unaffiliated person in exchange for the referral, if applicable, and
• A brief statement of any material conflicts of interest on the part of the unaffiliated person
giving the referral resulting from our firm’s relationship with such unaffiliated person.
In cases where state law requires licensure of solicitors, our firm ensures that no solicitation fees are
paid unless the solicitor is registered as an investment adviser representative of our firm. If our firm
is paying solicitation fees to another registered investment adviser, the licensure of individuals is the
other firm’s responsibility.
Item 15: Custody
Deduction of Advisory Fees:
While our firm does not maintain physical custody of client assets (which are maintained by a
qualified custodian, as discussed above), we are deemed to have custody of certain client assets if
given the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts, as further described below under “Third
Party Money Movement.” All our clients receive account statements directly from their qualified
custodian(s) at least quarterly upon opening of an account. We urge our clients to carefully review
these statements. Additionally, if our firm decides to send its own account statements to clients, such
statements will include a legend that recommends the client compare the account statements
received from the qualified custodian with those received from our firm. Clients are encouraged to
raise any questions with us about the custody, safety or security of their assets and our custodial
recommendations.
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Third Party Money Movement:
On February 21, 2017, the SEC issued a no‐action letter (“Letter”) with respect to Rule 206(4) ‐2
(“Custody Rule”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). The letter provided
guidance on the Custody Rule as well as clarified that an adviser who has the power to disburse client
funds to a third party under a standing letter of instruction (“SLOA”) is deemed to have custody. As
such, our firm has adopted the following safeguards in conjunction with our custodian:
• The client provides an instruction to the qualified custodian, in writing, that includes the
client’s signature, the third party’s name, and either the third party’s address or the third
party’s account number at a custodian to which the transfer should be directed.
• The client authorizes the investment adviser, in writing, either on the qualified custodian’s
form or separately, to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or from
time to time.
• The client’s qualified custodian performs appropriate verification of the instruction, such as
a signature review or other method to verify the client’s authorization and provides a transfer
of funds notice to the client promptly after each transfer.
• The client has the ability to terminate or change the instruction to the client’s qualified
custodian.
• The investment adviser has no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the
third party, the address, or any other information about the third party contained in the
client’s instruction.
• The investment adviser maintains records showing that the third party is not a related party
of the investment adviser or located at the same address as the investment adviser.
• The client’s qualified custodian sends the client, in writing, an initial notice confirming the
instruction and an annual notice reconfirming the instruction.
Item 16: Investment Discretion
Clients must provide our firm with investment discretion on their behalf, pursuant to an executed
investment advisory client agreement. By granting investment discretion, our firm is authorized to
execute securities transactions, determine which securities are bought and sold, and the total amount
to be bought and sold. Limitations may be imposed by the client in the form of specific constraints on
discretion with our firm’s written acknowledgement.
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
Our firm does not accept the proxy authority to vote client securities. Clients will receive proxies or
other solicitations directly from their custodian or a transfer agent. In the event that proxies are sent
to our firm, our firm will forward them to the appropriate client and ask the party who sent them to
mail them directly to the client in the future. Clients may call, write, or email us to discuss questions
they may have about particular proxy votes or other solicitations.
Third party money managers selected or recommended by our firm may vote proxies for clients.
Therefore, except in the event a third-party money manager votes proxies, clients maintain exclusive
responsibility for: (1) directing the manner in which proxies solicited by issuers of securities
beneficially owned by the client shall be voted, and (2) making all elections relative to any mergers,
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acquisitions, tender offers, bankruptcy proceedings or other type events pertaining to the client’s
investment assets. Therefore (except for proxies that may be voted by a third-party money manager),
our firm and/or the client shall instruct the qualified custodian to forward to copies of all proxies and
shareholder communications relating to the client’s investment assets.
Item 18: Financial Information
Our firm is not required to provide financial information in this Brochure because:
• Our firm does not require the prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees when services cannot
be rendered within 6 months.
• Our firm does not take custody of client funds or securities.
• Our firm does not have a financial condition or commitment that impairs our ability to meet
contractual and fiduciary obligations to clients.
• Our firm has never been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
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