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ALAPOCAS INVESTMENT PARTNERS, INC.
50 Dunham Ridge
Suite 3100
Beverly, MA 01915
(978) 529-2395
alapocasip.com
April 29, 2025
PART 2A OF FORM ADV
BROCHURE
Investment Partners at the number
This Brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of
Alapocas Investment Partners, Inc. (“AIP” or the “Adviser”). If you have any questions
about the contents of this Brochure, please contact the Chief Compliance Officer of
Alapocas
listed above or via email at
lmok@alapocasip.com. The information in this Brochure has not been approved or
verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) or by any
state securities authority. Registration as an investment adviser does not imply a
particular level of skill or training in the investment advisory business or any other
business.
information about AIP also
is available on the SEC’s website at
Additional
adviserinfo.sec.gov.
ITEM 2 – MATERIAL CHANGES
The following material change has occurred since the last annual update of this Brochure,
which was filed on March 31, 2025:
On April 3, 2025, AIP sold substantially all of its business to Park State Asset Management LLC
("Park State"), which is wholly owned by William Furber. AIP is in the process of obtaining
clients' consent to the assignment of their advisory agreements to Park State. AIP will continue
to provide advisory services to client accounts pending receipt of consent.
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ITEM 3 – TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM 2 – MATERIAL CHANGES ........................................................................................................ 2
ITEM 3 – TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................... 3
ITEM 4 – ADVISORY BUSINESS ........................................................................................................ 4
ITEM 5 – FEES AND COMPENSATION ............................................................................................. 5
ITEM 6 – PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT ................................. 7
ITEM 7 – TYPES OF CLIENTS ............................................................................................................ 7
ITEM 8 – METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, AND RISK OF LOSS .................... 7
ITEM 9 – DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION ........................................................................................ 13
ITEM 10 – OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS .................................. 13
ITEM 11 – CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS, AND
PERSONAL TRADING ..................................................................................................................... 13
ITEM 12 – BROKERAGE PRACTICES ............................................................................................... 14
ITEM 13 – REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS ................................................................................................ 18
ITEM 14 – CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION .................................................... 18
ITEM 15 – CUSTODY ....................................................................................................................... 18
ITEM 16 – INVESTMENT DISCRETION ........................................................................................... 19
ITEM 17 – VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES ........................................................................................ 19
ITEM 18 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION ........................................................................................... 20
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ITEM 4 – ADVISORY BUSINESS
Business Overview
Alapocas Investment Partners, Inc., is a Massachusetts corporation formed in February 2019.
AIP is an independent investment adviser registered with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”). The Estate of David W. Lemons is the owner of AIP.
On April 3, 2025, AIP sold substantially all of its business to Park State Asset Management LLC
("Park State"), which is wholly owned by William Furber. AIP is in the process of obtaining
clients' consent to the assignment of their advisory agreements to Park State. AIP will continue
to service client accounts pending receipt of consent.
AIP provides investment management services to individuals, high-net-worth individuals,
charitable organizations, corporations, a profit-sharing plan, trusts (including pooled
investment trusts), and other entities.
The Adviser primarily provides discretionary investment management services on a regular
and continual basis that are customized to meet each client’s objectives and are
comprehensive in nature. These services include the design and execution of an appropriate
investment strategy and the research and selection of equity (including exchange-traded
funds), fixed income, mutual fund, and cash reserve instruments. In certain circumstances, the
Adviser will offer non-discretionary advisory services. These services include investment
recommendations and arranging or effecting the purchase or sale of securities either directly
or through a third-party manager, if the client accepts the recommendations.
AIP manages clients’ portfolios after creating and reviewing an investment strategy based on
the client’s personal data, investment goals, and risk tolerance. This includes an allocation
strategy to equity securities, fixed income securities, and cash reserve securities, as
appropriate. See Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss,
subsection: Investment Strategies for further details about these asset allocation strategies.
Clients may request restrictions on the purchase and/or sale of securities, industries, sectors,
and asset classes. On a case-by-case basis, AIP is willing to work with clients who request such
specific restrictions on their account(s) providing that, by doing so, the Adviser is able to
substantially provide the comprehensive investment management strategy initially discussed
with the client.
Retirement Plan Advice
When AIP provides investment advice to clients regarding their retirement Plan accounts or
individual retirement accounts, the Adviser is a fiduciary within the meaning of Title I of the
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Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as
applicable, which are laws governing retirement accounts.
The way AIP makes money creates some conflicts with clients’ interests. For example, because
the Adviser charges an asset-based fee, it has a financial incentive to encourage clients to
engage AIP to manage their assets. The fee a client pays AIP is shared between the firm and its
representatives. In addition, if AIP is the investment adviser to the client’s employer’s Plan, this
creates a further conflict of interest if the employer does not want former employees to
continue to participate in the employer’s Plan (for example, if the employer does not want to
continue to bear costs associated with maintaining former employees’ assets in the Plan),
because the firm has an interest in maintaining its ongoing relationship with the client’s
employer.
AIP operates under a special rule that requires the firm to act in the client’s best interest and
not put the firm’s interest ahead of the client’s. Under this special rule’s provisions, AIP must:
• Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations (give
prudent advice);
• Never put the Adviser’s financial interests ahead of the client’s when making
recommendations (give loyal advice);
• Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
• Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that AIP gives advice that is in the
client’s best interest;
• Charge no more than is reasonable for the firm’s services; and
• Give clients basic information about conflicts of interest.
The Firm’s Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2024, AIP advises on $451,313,451 in assets, including $206,619,664 in
assets under its discretionary management and $244,693,787 in assets to which AIP serves as
Adviser.
ITEM 5 – FEES AND COMPENSATION
Clients are required to sign a written investment management agreement, which can be
terminated without penalty at any time. Client accounts are generally subject to an investment
management fee based on a percentage of assets under management that is currently ranging
up to 1% — dependent upon the client’s relationship with the Adviser and the strategy
employed. The Adviser’s fees, billing frequency, and method of calculation will be described in
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the client investment advisory agreement. Clients may be billed quarterly either in advance or
in arrears based on the methodology described in the client agreement.
Fees may be negotiated considering a client’s special circumstances, such as asset levels,
service requirements, or other factors. For comparable services, other investment advisers
may charge higher or lower fees than those charged by AIP.
Clients generally authorize AIP to deduct management fees directly from each account or
accounts through custodial paperwork. When authorized, AIP may deduct fees from one
account on behalf of other accounts in the relationship.
Termination
A client agreement may be canceled at any time by either party but must be promptly followed
up in writing if termination is oral. The termination will be effective at the close of business on
the day notice was received. Upon termination of any account, any prepaid, unearned fees will
be promptly refunded.
In the event a client decides to terminate his or her relationship with AIP, and for those clients
that pay advisory fees in advance, the Adviser will refund a portion of the investment
management fee that reflects periods in which those services were not yet provided. Clients
may direct in what form or manner they would like their refund. In the event a client who pays
in arrears terminates their relationship, the Adviser will bill the client account for the partial
period in which those services were rendered. Clients always have the right to terminate their
agreement without penalty at any time.
Additional Fees and Expenses Payable by the Client
In addition to AIP’s management fees, clients will be charged other fees, including brokerage
commissions (including markups and markdowns), custodial fees (as described in Item 12
below), and management or other fees that may be charged by the underlying investments
selected for the client portfolios (e.g., mutual fund advisory and distribution fees, ETF
management fees). Commissions (including markups and markdowns) do not apply to all
transactions. Some transactions may be assessed a ticket charge only. Each custodian provides
a summary of fees and charges at the time of account opening. Please let us know if you have
any questions on these fees and charges. As described above, some investments, including
mutual funds and exchange-traded funds, also charge internal management fees. These fees
are disclosed in each fund’s prospectus. Such charges, fees, and commissions are exclusive of
and in addition to the Adviser’s fee. AIP does not receive any portion of these commissions,
fees, and costs. Refer to Item 12 “Brokerage Practices,” which further describes the factors that
AIP considers in recommending broker-dealers for the execution of transactions.
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ITEM 6 – PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT
Alapocas Investment Partners does not charge performance-based fees (fees based on a
portion of capital gains or on capital appreciation of assets invested).
AIP does not manage any proprietary investment funds or limited partnerships (for example,
a mutual fund or a hedge fund) and has no financial incentive to recommend any particular
investment options to its clients. The Adviser has implemented trade allocation policies and
procedures designed to ensure that trades are allocated fairly and equitably over time and to
prevent this conflict from influencing the allocation of investment opportunities among clients.
Item 12 “Brokerage Practices” provides further information regarding trade allocation
practices.
ITEM 7 – TYPES OF CLIENTS
AIP primarily provides customized investment management services to individuals, high-net-
worth individuals, charitable organizations, corporations, trusts, including pooled investment
trusts, and other entities. AIP generally does not impose a minimum account size for
establishing a relationship.
ITEM 8 – METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, AND RISK OF LOSS
Methods of Analysis
AIP seeks to compound clients’ capital by investing in a limited number of businesses that the
Adviser knows well, considers to be high-quality through its analytical process, and that it
intends to own for a long time. A substantial majority of the assets invested for AIP’s clients are
committed to the common shares of these individual companies, so a similarly sizable amount
of the Adviser’s analytical effort is devoted to individual company analysis. The Adviser
primarily uses fundamental analysis to understand investment opportunities and a suitable
description of its method is “organized common sense.”
AIP views each equity holding as a share in the ownership of an operating business. Therefore,
the Adviser analyzes companies as a businessperson might look at a potential long-term
investment. Fundamentally, AIP believes that what a business produces in earnings drives its
stock price over the long haul. To evaluate the intrinsic value of a company, AIP believes it must
understand the relevant factors that create and sustain a company’s earnings. AIP looks at
many qualitative and quantitative factors in this endeavor, including three key business-
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specific factors: i) profit margins and how long they may be sustained; ii) the magnitude and
durability of a company’s earnings, as far into the future as is reasonable to estimate; and iii)
the quality and capabilities of management in redeploying capital into profitable ventures, such
as expanding existing operations, making accretive acquisitions, buying back shares, or paying
(or growing) dividends.
AIP continues with an in-depth, historical review of a company’s reported financial statements
(e.g., its income statement, balance sheet, statement of cash flows, and proxy materials) as well
as other regulatory filings. In particular, the Adviser is keen to develop an understanding of the
target company’s strategic position within its industry. AIP will only act on its research and
analysis when it has a high level of confidence in a company’s long-term business prospects.
Idea Generation
AIP begins generating ideas by seeking out industries that foster long-term, sustainable
earnings growth. Using Michael Porter’s Five Forces analysis as a framework, AIP examines
internal and external threats as well as horizontal and vertical competition to assess the
relative attractiveness of a particular industry and the participants within it. The Adviser then
evaluates these competitive dynamics at the company level to see if there is a particular
business that outshines (or may soon outshine) its rivals. Ideas for new investments often
come from past analytical work the Adviser completed and may be driven by relationships AIP
cultivated within the industries being studied.
Stock Selection
The questions that most concern the Adviser as an investor are: Will the company make money
well into the future, and, if purchased today, do the shares offer a meaningful future return for
a long-term investor? The AIP security selection process seeks to minimize two key risks that
surround these two questions: eroding earnings due to industry-, sector-, or company-specific
headwinds (Business Risk), and/or paying too high a price going into an investment (Price Risk).
AIP’s fundamental analysis as described above prioritizes economic and business indicators as
investment selection criteria. These criteria are generally ratios and trends that may indicate
the overall strength and financial viability of the entity being analyzed. One important financial
measure of quality, among others, is return on invested capital (ROIC). AIP uses internal and
external resources, including industry contacts and a globally deep professional network to
understand a company’s strategic position and return profile. AIP also focuses on the sources
and durability of future cash flows, with extra weight given to companies that demonstrate
growth in unit sales and profitability. To reduce the possibility of misreads, the Adviser revisits
its assumptions regarding earnings history, management quality, and competitors.
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To arrive at an investment decision about an investment opportunity, the Adviser supplements
this fundamental research with analysis and materials derived from other sources, including
interviews with company
financial media companies, third-party research materials,
management and practitioners within the same industry, internet content, and ongoing review
of company operations and business activities.
Investment Strategies
Prior to investing a client’s account, AIP undertakes a thorough discussion with the client to
understand their particular financial situation and to explore with them the potential benefits
of diversification among asset classes (e.g., stocks, bonds, and cash reserves). Based on an
evaluation of client-specific factors, such as time horizon, liquidity needs, and risk tolerance, a
client’s portfolio may be best positioned with both stock and bond assets (which may comprise
individual securities and/or mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, and cash reserve securities).
In some circumstances, a client may be best served with a single asset-class portfolio —
supported with an appropriate level of cash reserves.
When an All-Stock portfolio is appropriate, AIP utilizes a strategy called the Global Equity
Strategy. This strategy’s distinguishing characteristic is its limitation to holding only what AIP
deems to be high-quality companies. The Adviser uses many qualitative markers and
quantitative measures to define high quality, such as the aforementioned ROIC, as well as
balance sheet strength (a low ratio of debt to distributable cash flow, for example), and pricing
power — the ability for the business to raise prices for their goods or services when needed.
From this analytical foundation, AIP then seeks to act in three manners to drive exceptional
results. The Adviser:
i) Focuses on its best ideas, generally 15 to 20 companies that AIP believes to be high
quality using its own internal research and analysis.
ii) Exercises patience that leads to few trades per year. Sales have typically represented
less than 10% of an account’s value, annually. In the frenetic world of capital markets, AIP
believes inaction is often the most difficult choice to make. Competitive dynamics often turn
quickly against poorly run companies and financial ruin is a nearby risk. Instead, what AIP
determines as high-quality companies tend to have competitive strengths that allow them to
be financially durable. Because of this, AIP is able to apply patience in its management process.
iii) Favors long-term growth over the suppression of short-term price volatility.
Managing a portfolio that exceeds established passive benchmarks is rare and should not be
diluted by misguided attempts at risk mitigation. To be clear, AIP is not oblivious to risk and
volatility. Risk control is important, but it is an order of magnitude less important than
generating sustainable compound growth rates over time. The Adviser’s study of the stock
market, generally, and the growth of what it considers to be high-quality companies, in
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particular, leads it to agree with Warren Buffett, who said: “Time is the friend of the wonderful
business, the enemy of the mediocre.” AIP acknowledges that price movements can be
disturbing in the short term, but the Adviser strongly believes that over a long horizon, asset
prices bend toward their intrinsic value.
A modest amount of cash reserve securities (typically held in money market mutual funds) are
included in the Global Equity Strategy to anticipate clients’ potential liquidity needs and to act
as a depository when positions are liquidated and the proceeds are awaiting redeployment.
When an All-Bond portfolio is appropriate, AIP utilizes a strategy called the Conservative
Strategy. AIP’s approach to bond investing emphasizes the stability of principal and the
generation of income. AIP does not manage bond portfolios for capital appreciation. The
distinguishing characteristics of the Conservative Strategy include laddering bonds between
one and 15 years to maturity (to reduce “bets” along the yield curve) and a very minimal
amount of non-investment-grade securities (to limit credit risk). Because clients may have
differing tax considerations, each Conservative Strategy account is tailored to the client’s
specific circumstances, which may also include liquidity constraints. Cash reserve securities,
which may include short-term U.S. Treasury Bills along with money market mutual funds, are
included in the Conservative Strategy to manage liquidity requirements and other risks implicit
in fixed income investing.
When a portfolio that utilizes both equity and fixed income securities is appropriate, AIP utilizes
a strategy simply called the Balanced Strategy. The Balanced Strategy’s allocation to stocks
follows the Global Equity Strategy with the only difference being that the number of individual
companies may increase slightly. The Balanced Strategy’s allocation to bonds follows the
Conservative Strategy.
Cash reserve securities, which may include short-term U.S. Treasury Bills along with money
market mutual funds, are included in the Balanced Strategy.
AIP may employ the services of third-party fixed income brokers to build the bond allocation
of Balanced Strategy and Conservative Strategy portfolios. In addition to transactional services,
these firms may also assist AIP with ongoing monitoring of the credit quality and call features
of individual securities, among other support services. AIP has an obligation to seek “best
execution” as part of its fiduciary duties, and thus, AIP evaluates the total benefit of using these
brokers for fixed income purchases in relation to the cost of bond purchases without such
ongoing support. AIP has no contractual requirement to use these brokers and may use one
or several brokers to optimize the construction of bond allocations.
Using these three investment management strategies, AIP seeks to create portfolios that are
comprehensive and customized in nature, and appropriate based on each client’s needs. AIP
is also pleased to create customized portfolios designed to accomplish a more tailored goal, as
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directed by the client, where the client’s overall assets may be diversified in ways beyond AIP’s
discretion.
Risks
An investment in any security involves a certain degree of risk. Securities may fluctuate in value
or lose all value. Clients should be prepared to bear the potential risk of loss. The risks involved
with AIP’s investment strategies include, but are not limited to:
Market Conditions: The prices of, and the income generated by, the securities owned
by clients may decline due to market conditions and other factors, including those directly
involving the issuers of the securities held by clients.
Volatility Risk: Security values may fluctuate up or down based on market conditions,
political events, changes in the economy, company changes, and other factors.
Security Selection: The identification of securities representing what AIP believes are
high-quality businesses and similarly distinguished management teams is a difficult task, and
there are no assurances that such opportunities will be successfully recognized over the long
term. While such investments offer opportunities for above-average capital appreciation, they
also involve a high degree of financial risk and can result in substantial losses.
Inaccurate or Incorrect Public Information: AIP may rely on information that turns out
to be wrong. The Adviser selects investments based, in part, on information provided by issuers
to regulators or made directly available to AIP by the issuers or other sources. The Adviser is
not always able to confirm the completeness or accuracy of such information, and in some
cases, complete and accurate information is not available. Incorrect or incomplete information
increases risk and may result in losses.
Margin: The Adviser does not recommend that clients use margin as part of their
investment strategy. However, clients may open margin accounts and choose to create margin
balances by withdrawing cash. Clients should be aware of the costs of margin interest and risks
involved, which include permitting the broker-dealer to force the sale of securities if account
equity requirements are not met.
Fixed Income Risk: Bonds can provide a means of preserving capital and earning a
predictable return. Bond investments may provide steady streams of income from interest
payments prior to maturity. However, as with any investment, bonds have risks. These risks
include:
•
Inflation Risk – Inflation is a general upward movement of prices. Inflation reduces
purchasing power, which is a risk for investors receiving a fixed rate of interest. The
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principal concern for individuals investing in cash equivalents is that inflation will erode
returns.
•
• Credit Risk – The issuer of a bond may find itself unable to or unwilling to meet the
interest and/or principal payments on its obligations. The risk of this happening, or the
deterioration of expectations for prompt and full payment, can drive down the price of
bonds and is what Credit Risk refers to.
Interest Rate Risk – Interest rate changes can affect a bond’s value. If bonds are held to
maturity, the investor will receive the face value, plus interest. If sold before maturity,
the bond may be worth more or less than face value. Rising interest rates will make
newly issued bonds more appealing to investors because the newer bonds will have a
higher rate of interest than older ones. To sell an older bond with a lower rate, you
might have to sell it at a discount.
• Liquidity Risk – This refers to the risk that investors will not find a market for the bond,
potentially preventing them from buying or selling when they want or preventing them
from receiving a favorable execution price.
• Call Risk – Certain bonds are callable, giving the bond issuer the ability to retire a bond
before its maturity date. This is something an issuer might do if interest rates decline,
much like a homeowner might refinance a mortgage to benefit from lower interest
rates.
Foreign Securities Risk: International or foreign investment returns may move in a different
direction, or at a different pace, than U.S. investment returns. As a result, including exposure
to both domestic and foreign securities in a portfolio may reduce the risk that an investor will
lose money if there is a drop in U.S. investment returns, and a portfolio’s overall investment
returns over time may have less volatility. Keep in mind, though, that this is not always true
and that with globalization, markets are increasingly intertwined across borders. While
investing in any security requires careful consideration, international investing raises some
special issues and risks. These include:
• Access to different information – In some jurisdictions, the information provided by
foreign companies is different from the information provided by U.S. companies.
• Costs of international investments – International investing can be more expensive than
investing in U.S. companies.
• Changes in currency exchange rates and currency controls – A foreign investment also has
foreign currency exchange risk. When the exchange rate between the foreign currency
and the U.S. dollar changes, it can increase or reduce an investment return in a foreign
security.
• Political, economic, and social events – Depending on the country or region, it can be more
difficult for investors to obtain information about and comprehensively analyze all the
political, economic, and social factors that influence a particular foreign market.
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• Different levels of liquidity – Some foreign markets may have lower trading volumes for
securities, or fewer listed companies than U.S. markets.
• Legal remedies – The jurisdiction in which investors purchase a security can affect
whether they have, and where they can pursue legal remedies against a foreign
company or any other foreign-based entities involved in a transaction.
• Different market operations – Foreign markets may operate differently from the major
U.S. trading markets. For example, there may be different time periods for clearance
and settlement of securities transactions.
There can be no assurance that clients will achieve their investment objectives or that the
investment strategies employed by Alapocas Investment Partners will be successful.
Investing in securities involves a risk of loss the investors should be prepared to bear.
ITEM 9 – DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
AIP and its management persons have not been subject to any material legal or disciplinary
events required to be discussed in this Brochure.
ITEM 10 – OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS
In this Item, advisers are required to disclose certain other financial industry affiliations and
activities. AIP has nothing to disclose in response to this Item.
ITEM 11 – CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS,
AND PERSONAL TRADING
Consistent with the requirements of Rule 204A-1 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as
amended (the “Advisers Act”), AIP has adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Code”), which sets forth
standards of conduct that are expected of all of the Adviser’s “Access Persons” (as such term is
defined in the Investment Advisers Act) and addresses conflicts that arise from personal
trading. The standard of business conduct set forth in the Code takes into account AIP’s status
as a fiduciary and requires the Adviser’s Access Persons act in the client’s best interest. A copy
of the Code will be provided to any investor or prospective investor upon request to the firm’s
Chief Compliance Officer at lmok@alapocasip.com.
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AIP also requires that all individuals act in accordance with all applicable federal and state
regulations governing registered investment advisory practices. In addition, the Adviser
prohibits employees from receiving gifts if it is believed that the gift may affect the advice that
is being provided to clients.
This Code is designed to ensure that Access Persons are placing client interests before their
own. Access Persons who trade in covered securities, such as individual stocks or exchange-
traded funds, are required to disclose their holdings annually and their transactions on a
quarterly basis for review. The Chief Compliance Officer will then review such holdings and
transactions to make sure that any trades do not conflict with those of the Adviser’s clients. A
member of the Adviser will review the Chief Compliance Officer’s trading.
The core principle of the Code is that no Access Persons shall prefer his or her own interest to
that of an advisory client. It is designed to assure that the personal securities transactions,
activities, and interests of the Access Persons will not interfere with making decisions in the
best interest of advisory clients and implementing such decisions while, at the same time,
allowing Access Persons to invest for their own accounts. It is possible that Access Persons may
be investing in the same securities as one or more clients. The Code allows such transactions
so long as the client’s interests always come first.
ITEM 12 – BROKERAGE PRACTICES
AIP recommends that clients utilize Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“CS” or “Schwab”) or Fidelity
Brokerage Services, LLC (“FBS” or “Fidelity”) for brokerage and/or custodial services. The
Adviser recommends them as choices for clients based upon previous experience with these
firms and on the value of the services and/or research provided by these firms, along with
other qualitative factors. AIP considers a wide range of factors, including, among others:
• Combination of transaction execution services and asset custody services (generally
without a separate fee for the custody),
• Capability to execute, clear, and settle trades (buy and sell securities for accounts),
• Capability to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers,
check requests, bill payment, etc.),
• Breadth of available investment products (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange-
traded funds),
• Availability of investment research and tools that assist the Adviser in making
investment decisions,
• Quality of services,
• Competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, margin interest rates,
other fees, etc.) and willingness to negotiate the prices,
• Reputation, financial strength, and stability,
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• Prior service to AIP and its other clients, and
• Availability of other products and services that benefit AIP, as discussed below.
Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits
The Adviser views the custodial services and research products provided by the recommended
broker-dealers to have value and, in total, is reasonable in relation to the amount of
commissions that are paid on client transactions.
CS and FBS provide research (including proprietary and third party) and other services
described below (see “Products and Services Available to AIP from Custodians” and “Services
That May Not Directly Benefit Clients”). These products and services — other than execution
— are considered “soft dollar benefits.” These services benefit AIP because client brokerage
commissions and other fees charged by the custodians pay for this research and other
services, and therefore AIP does not have to pay for them separately. The Adviser deems these
soft dollar benefits to be beneficial to all of its clients and does not seek to allocate the benefits,
proportionately, to those accounts that incurred the specific costs.
Other fees charged by the custodians include the markup or markdown of fixed income
securities when they are traded; per-trade ticket and other transaction charges; the
management fees assessed on mutual funds, including money market funds; and the interest
charged on margin debit balances.
Collectively, this “soft dollar benefits” arrangement is viewed as a conflict of interest because
AIP has an incentive to select these two broker-dealers over other brokers who may not
provide the same benefits. Other brokers may provide lower commissions, higher interest on
money market funds and cash sweep options, lower interest rates on margin loans, and have
lower transaction and account-related fees. Therefore, utilizing Schwab or Fidelity would be
considered “paying up” for the “soft dollar benefits” if other brokers provided better features.
Further, by utilizing FBS or CS as custodians, the Adviser may be unable to achieve the most
favorable execution.
AIP is independently owned and operated and is not affiliated with either Fidelity or Schwab.
These custodians will hold client assets in a brokerage account and buy and sell securities
when instructed to. While the Adviser recommends that clients use either CS or FBS, clients
will decide whether to do so and will open an account by entering into an account agreement
directly with the custodian. AIP does not open the account for the client, although AIP may
assist in doing so.
Products and Services Available to AIP From Custodians
FBS and CS are independent and unaffiliated SEC registered broker-dealers. Some of those
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services included in a “soft dollar benefits” arrangement help the Adviser manage or
administer its clients’ accounts, while others help it to manage and grow its business. These
support services generally are available on an unsolicited basis (AIP does not have to request
them) and at no charge as long as AIP’s clients collectively maintain a total minimum asset
level.
Services That May Not Directly Benefit Clients
The custodians also make available other products and services that benefit the Adviser but
may not directly benefit the client’s account. These products and services assist AIP in
managing and administering its clients’ accounts. They include investment research, both their
own and that of third parties. AIP may use this research to service all or a substantial number
of its clients’ accounts, including accounts not maintained at the particular custodian providing
the research. In addition to investment research, they also make available software and other
technology that:
• Provide access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and
account statements),
• Facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client
accounts,
• Provide pricing and other market data,
• Facilitate payment of AIP’s investment management fees from clients’ accounts,
• Assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping, and client reporting services that
generally benefit only the Adviser,
• Educational conferences and events,
• Consulting on technology, compliance, legal, and business needs,
• Publications and conferences on practice management and business succession, and
• Access to discounted services from third-party vendors, including services related to
employee benefits, insurance, and compliance/legal services.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
AIP does not receive client referrals from any broker-dealer, so there is no incentive to
recommend a particular broker-dealer for that benefit.
Cross Transactions
It is the Adviser’s general policy not to effect any principal or agency cross transactions for
client accounts. The Adviser will also not cross trades between client accounts. Principal
transactions are generally defined as transactions where an adviser, acting as principal for its
own account, buys from or sells any security to any advisory client. Agency cross transactions
are generally defined as transactions where an adviser acts as a broker for both the advisory
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client and for another person on the other side of the transaction, who may be another
advisory client.
Brokerage and Best Execution
The Adviser will generally trade exclusively through a client’s recommended custodian for all
trades. The Adviser has evaluated these custodians/brokers and believes that they will provide
clients with an appropriate blend of execution services and customer service while charging
reasonable fees for their services. However, when a client has an active prime brokerage
agreement in place allowing the Adviser to use outside brokers — and AIP believes it can
achieve a more favorable execution — AIP may utilize an outside broker. This is generally done
when AIP believes a fixed income investment can be purchased or sold on a more favorable
basis, although the Adviser may also, on occasion, utilize an outside broker for equity trades.
Importantly, AIP does not negotiate commissions or obtain volume discounts beyond those
already offered by the custodian/broker. The use of outside brokers will entail additional costs,
usually in the form of a markup or markdown assessed with a securities transaction.
AIP reviews the services provided by custodians, custodian fees, and quality of execution on a
periodic basis and at least annually. Prior to utilizing an outside broker, AIP will consider a
range of factors, including:
• Broker’s history of execution quality,
• Broker’s experience within a particular niche (particularly in the case of odd-lot bonds),
• Competitiveness of commission rates and fees,
• Quality of services,
• Reputation, financial strength, and stability, and
• Prior service to the Adviser and its other clients.
Directed Brokerage
AIP does not recommend, request or require that clients direct the Adviser to execute
transactions through a specified broker-dealer. AIP permits clients to direct brokerage, usually
in a situation in which the client maintains accounts with other custodians and the client wants
the Adviser to execute the client's transactions through the client's custodian. Directing
brokerage may cost clients more money. For example, in a directed brokerage account, the
client may pay higher brokerage commissions because the Adviser may not be able to
aggregate orders to reduce transaction costs, or the client may receive less favorable prices.
If a client directs the Adviser to use another custodian/broker, the client will then generally
have the responsibility for negotiating commission rates and other transaction costs with that
custodian/broker. Often these rates are based on the client either using their electronic
document delivery platform or maintaining a minimum account balance with the custodian.
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Trade Aggregation
AIP will engage in “block trading” where possible and when advantageous to clients. This
means that AIP may purchase a large block of shares and then allocate those shares among
the clients. Regarding aggregated “block trades,” the Adviser operates so that no advisory
account will be favored over any other account participating in the aggregated order. All clients
participating in the aggregated order shall receive an average share price with all other
transaction costs shared based on their participation in the trade within the same group of
clients at the same custodian. The Adviser will rotate the order of trades placed with each
custodian so that one group of clients does not trade first (or last) on a consistent basis.
ITEM 13 – REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
All investment positions are monitored on a continuous and regular basis by the Adviser.
Accounts and portfolios, as a whole, are reviewed both prior to meetings and at least quarterly
to ensure that they still meet suitability requirements. Clients receive quarterly written reports
from the Adviser or upon client request.
ITEM 14 – CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
AIP does not compensate firms or individuals for referrals, nor does AIP receive compensation
for referring clients to other firms. No one who is not a client provides an economic benefit to
AIP for providing investment advice or other advisory services to its clients.
ITEM 15 – CUSTODY
AIP does not act as a qualified custodian or accept physical custody of client funds or securities.
However, in certain instances, we may be deemed to have custody if a client provides us
discretion in a standing letter of authorization (“SLOA”) to disburse funds to one or more third
parties. AIP will only accept an SLOA that specifically designates a third-party name and account
number and/or payee address.
Client assets will be held by an unaffiliated qualified custodian. Clients should receive account
statements at least quarterly from their qualified custodian. Clients are urged to review their
custody statement carefully and compare it to the statements or reports provided by the
Adviser. Statements and reports provided by the Adviser may vary from custody statements
based on accounting procedures, reporting dates, or valuation methodologies of certain
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securities. However, if you believe there is an error or discrepancy between your custody
statement and the report or statement provided by AIP, please contact us immediately.
ITEM 16 – INVESTMENT DISCRETION
In accordance with the terms and conditions of the applicable investment management
agreement (IMA), AIP receives discretionary authority to manage investments on behalf of the
client. Such discretion is exercised in a manner consistent with the stated investment
objectives for the particular client’s account(s) and includes determining which securities are
bought or sold, the amounts thereof, and the broker-dealer used to execute the transactions.
ITEM 17 – VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
AIP votes client proxies only when such authority has been expressly delegated to the Adviser
through the investment management agreement or other written authority. Absent specific
voting guidelines from the client, the Adviser will vote proxies in the best interest of the clients
and follow these guidelines:
• Vote all proxies from a specific issuer the same way for each client, absent qualifying
restrictions from a client. Clients are permitted to place reasonable restrictions on our
voting authority in the same manner that they may place such restrictions on the actual
selection of account securities,
• Generally, vote in favor of routine corporate housekeeping proposals such as the
election of directors and selection of auditors absent conflicts of interest raised by an
auditor’s non-audit services,
• Generally, vote against proposals that cause board members to become entrenched or
cause unequal voting rights, and
•
In reviewing proposals, we will further consider the opinion of management and the
effect on management, and the effect on shareholder value and the issuer’s business
practices.
AIP has adopted proxy voting procedures that are designed to ensure the firm has the
authority to vote proxies with respect to securities held by a client, and such proxies are voted
in the client’s best interest to the extent reasonably practicable. The procedures also require
that AIP identify and address conflicts of interest. If a material conflict of interest is identified,
we will determine whether voting in accordance with the guidelines set forth in the procedures
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is in the best interest of the client or whether taking some other action may be more
appropriate.
Clients may obtain a copy of our proxy voting policies and procedures and information on how
we voted proxies by contacting Dan Carman at 978-529-2395 or dcarman@alapocasip.com.
ITEM 18 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
AIP does not require the prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six months or
more in advance. Therefore, the Adviser does not need to include a balance sheet with this
Brochure. AIP is not currently aware of any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair
its ability to meet contractual commitments to its clients.
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