View Document Text
FORM ADV – PART 2A
FIRM BROCHURE
Item 1.
Cover Page
American Capital Management, Inc.
575 Lexington Avenue, 30th Floor
New York, NY 10022
Phone: 212-344-3300
Fax: 212-658-9693
www.americancapitalmanagement.com
June 27, 2025
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of American
Capital Management, Inc. (“ACM”). If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please
email mmeagher@amcapmgt.com, Chief Compliance Officer, or contact us at 212-344-3300. The
information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and
Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any state securities authority. ACM is an investment adviser
registered with the SEC. Such registration does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Additional
information about ACM
is also available on
the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov and the company’s website www.americancapitalmanagement.com.
Item 2.
Material Changes
Since our most recent Brochure dated June 12, 2024, we have made certain immaterial revisions
throughout this Brochure to clarify and more accurately describe the Firm’s current business practices,
services, and procedures. These updates do not reflect any significant changes to the Firm’s advisory
operations, fee structure, or disciplinary history.
Clients are encouraged to review the entire Brochure and contact us with any questions.
Clients may request the most recent version of ACM’s brochure by submitting an email request
to ACM’s Chief Compliance Officer at mmeagher@amcapmgt.com or contact us at 212-344-3300, or by
submitting a written request to the adviser at American Capital Management, Inc., 575 Lexington Ave.,
30th Floor, New York, NY 10022
2
Item 3. Table of Contents
Item 1. Cover Page .................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2. Material Changes............................................................................................................................ 2
Item 3. Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 3
Item 4. Advisory Business .......................................................................................................................... 4
Item 5. Fees and Compensation ................................................................................................................. 4
Item 6. Performance Based Fees ............................................................................................................... 5
Item 7. Types of Clients .............................................................................................................................. 5
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss .......................................................... 5
Item 9. Disciplinary Information ................................................................................................................... 7
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ........................................................................... 7
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading ...................... 7
Item 12. Brokerage Practices ....................................................................................................................... 8
Item 13. Review of Accounts ...................................................................................................................... 10
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation ..................................................................................... 10
Item 15. Custody ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Item 16. Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................... 11
Item 17. Voting Client Securities ................................................................................................................. 11
Item 18. Financial Information .................................................................................................................... 11
Item 19. Additional Information ................................................................................................................... 11
3
Item 4.
Advisory Business
ACM is an investment management firm formed in 1980 with a goal of providing superior relative
returns for its clients by investing in quality small and medium sized growth companies – the most
innovative and more rapidly growing sector of the U.S. economy. We emphasize management ability and
strong fundamentals in our selection process, and we believe the growth, profitability and financial
strength of our investments are high. Flexibility is emphasized and we adjust our equity commitments
to capitalize on market volatility. Equity emphasis favors companies that possess accelerating earnings
momentum and appear undervalued relative to our universe list.
Since we emphasize growth companies, the majority of our potential investments are focused on
health care and technology – two above average growth segments of our economy. Primary emphasis
is on companies with managements of demonstrated competence, effective marketing organizations,
strong research efforts and dominant market positions for their products. In addition, companies are
selected that possess the necessary profitability and financial strength to support their growth. We believe
that companies with these characteristics provide a favorable risk/reward ratio over time. We are long-
term investors and prefer to hold our investments through market cycles if their fundamentals remain
favorable and we have a positive market outlook. We do not emphasize asset plays, turnarounds, or
large companies with small capitalizations.
A personal investment advisory service is provided to all clients. All accounts are individually
managed and invested in publicly traded companies selected from our stock universe list supplemented
with convertible and fixed income investments as necessary. We have a few select exchange traded
funds and mutual funds for bond investments available for purchase if appropriate.
ACM offers a specific investment strategy and does not modify its strategy based on a client’s
financial situation, investment experience or investment objective if it differs from ACM’s investment
strategy. We permit reasonable investment flexibility if it does not materially affect our investment
strategy.
Assets – The firm had $ 2,637,474,568 of discretionary assets under management on March 31,
2025.
Ownership – The firm was founded in 1980 with Luke P. La Valle, Jr. as principal majority owner
and Cesna, S.A. as a principal owner. In August 2014, the ownership changed with Cesna, S.A.
transferring its remaining interest to Longlevens, LLC., with Longlevens, LLC. becoming a minority owner.
In March 2016, Luke P. La Valle, Jr. transferred shares to two LaValle trusts which became minority
owners. Luke P. La Valle, Jr. remained the firm’s principal owner until his passing on April 30, 2024, at
which time the ownership was transferred to the Estate of Luke P. La Valle, Jr.
Item 5.
Fees and Compensation
Compensation per annum is 1% of assets or as stipulated in our investment management
agreement. Fees are payable quarterly, in advance, based upon 0.25% of 1% of the portfolio’s market
value as of the last business day of each calendar quarter. We forward a quarterly invoice directly to the
client showing the amount owed, method of calculation and time period covered. Based on the clients’
instructions, a copy can also be sent to their custodian, in which case the client can authorize the
custodian to remit payment directly to ACM from the custody account. ACM receives income only from
the management of client assets. Intra-quarter fees will be pro-rated on a per diem basis for any period
that is less than a calendar quarter due to either the commencement or termination of this Agreement.
To the extent that the Client has overpaid as a result of the valid termination of this Agreement, ACM
shall provide a refund of such overpayment.
4
Management fees are negotiable at ACM’s discretion. Discounts may be provided based on client
size, relationship history, related accounts, or other relevant considerations. ACM may also apply tiered
fee schedules or fee breakpoints, which reduce the fee percentage as asset levels increase.
Invoices reflecting the fee calculation and the billing period are provided to clients quarterly. ACM
does not bill fees in advance for more than one quarter at a time and does not take physical custody of
client funds or securities.
Other Fees or Expenses – Certain custodians who hold client assets may also charge a fee.
Clients will also incur transaction costs, which are commissions paid to brokers (see Item 12 Brokerage
Practices for more information) through which ACM processes trades for its accounts. Assets invested
in exchange traded funds or mutual funds are charged a fee by the fund managers in addition to ACM’s
management fee. We do not receive compensation for the sale of securities or investment products. We
do not receive commissions or sales fees and only charge fees for investment advice pursuant to an
investment advisory relationship.
Termination – Our investment management agreement may be terminated within 10 days from
inception without penalty or by either party thereafter upon 30 days written notice of such termination.
Fees are refundable on a pro rata per diem basis from the date of notification.
Item 6.
Performance Based Fees
ACM does not manage any accounts with a performance-based fee structure.
Item 7.
Types of Clients
ACM provides investment advice and portfolio management services primarily to high-net-worth
individuals, corporations, foundations, endowments, pension and profit-sharing plans, IRAs, and trusts.
In addition, we also provide investment management services to one UCITs fund. We generally require
a minimum of $2 million for new accounts. However, smaller accounts may be accepted at the discretion
of management.
Item 8.
Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
The method of security analysis is fundamental economic and investment valuation with a
rigorous research process to select our investments. A continuous analysis of the economic outlook is
conducted to identify cyclical and secular trends and those economic sectors that appear favorably
positioned over the intermediate term. The stock selection process concentrates on quality small and
medium sized growth companies within these sectors that meet specific qualitative and quantitative
criteria. Primary emphasis is then placed on companies with what we consider superior management,
effective marketing organizations, strong research efforts and dominant market positions for their
products. We select our investments from a universe list of 100 companies that is compiled and
maintained by a continuous and extensive fundamental analysis. Finally, this fundamental economic and
investment analysis is combined with a technical review of the overall market, the smaller company
segment and those fundamentally favored issues to enhance stock selection and the timing of purchases
and sales. We reduce or sell positions when our investments appear overvalued, represent an excessive
percentage of the portfolio’s total assets or are experiencing deteriorating fundamentals. Fixed income
management emphasizes preservation of capital, current income, and marketability through quality
investments of short to intermediate term duration. Investment strategy is tailored to provide downside
protection through a disciplined research effort that emphasizes interest rate trends, yield curve
5
opportunities, sector yield relationships and growth with convertible securities. We invest in U. S.
Government securities, corporates, preferred and convertible bonds through funds or ETFs as necessary.
Unique Approach – Our investment approach is unique relative to most investment management
organizations. ACM specializes in our market segment, and we are dedicated to this effort. We are
consistent and select our investments from a universe list of 100 companies focused on revenue size
rather than market capitalization. This list represents a quality group of companies within our market
segment that possesses the necessary profitability and financial strength to support their growth. Our
approach provides us with the opportunity to hold companies for an extended period of time as they grow
from small to medium-sized corporations. We invest for the long term and own our investments
considerably longer than the industry average. This may result in above-average returns, lower turnover,
and greater tax efficiency. In addition, our investment strategy and longer-term approach result in greater
“takeover” activity which may result in enhanced returns to our clients. We are small and flexible, a major
advantage today.
Sources of Information – The principal sources of information utilized are company 10Ks,
prospectuses and quarterly and annual reports. This information is supplemented by industry and
company research reports from professional firms and analysts that specialize in researching small and
medium sized growth companies. Other sources include management meetings and presentations,
financial periodicals, trade journals and research material published by Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s.
Risk of Loss – Investing involves the risk of loss that clients should be willing to accept. ACM
makes every effort to achieve its objective of long-term capital appreciation but cannot guarantee it will
attain that objective. You could lose money. During any given period, ACM’s growth strategy may achieve
better or worse results than other investment strategies and the stock market may decline. Investing in
equities is subject to the volatility of the markets. The performance of small and medium sized growth
companies could be more volatile than larger companies. Also, buy and sell orders may take longer to
complete because of less liquidity. However, our experience has been that there is less risk with our
strategy over a market cycle because of the above average increases in revenues and earnings of our
investments combined with greater acquisition activity that provides enhanced returns to investors. While
generally considered to be more conservative than stocks, fixed income investments carry credit,
duration, inflation, and interest rate risk.
Other Risks
Risks Related to War and International Conflicts. Geopolitical instability and armed conflicts around
the world may negatively impact global markets and the value of investments. Ongoing and emerging
conflict, including, but not limited to, the war between Russia and Ukraine, the military conflict between
Israel and Hamas that began in October 2023, and continued tensions in regions such as the Middle East
and the Asia-Pacific, create uncertainty in global supply chains, energy markets, and investor sentiment.
In addition, Europe has faced increased pressure due to terrorism concerns, economic strain from mass
migration, and the potential for spillover effects from neighboring conflicts. These events may result in
heightened volatility, reduced liquidity, increased inflationary pressures, and unexpected regulatory
responses. The broader economic and market consequences of such conflicts are inherently
unpredictable and may affect client portfolios in ways that are difficult to anticipate or model. We monitor
global developments and assess potential risks as part of our investment process. However, there is no
guarantee that such risks can be fully mitigated or anticipated.
Cybersecurity and Disaster Recovery Risk. With the increased use of technologies such as the
Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform necessary business functions, ACM, and
its service providers may be susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. These
systems are subject to a number of different threats or risks that could adversely affect clients. Although
ACM and its service providers have implemented various measures to address risks relating to these
types of events, if these systems are compromised, become inoperable for extended periods of time or
6
cease to function properly, the relevant party may have to make a significant investment to fix or replace
them.
Banking and Financial System Instability. National and regional banks, financial institutions and
other participants in the U.S. and global capital markets are closely interrelated as a result of credit,
trading, clearing, technology, and other relationships. A significant adverse development (such as a bank
run, insolvency, bankruptcy, or default) with one or more national or regional banks, financial institutions,
or other participants in the financial or capital markets may spread to others and lead to significant
concentrated or market-wide problems (such as defaults, liquidity problems, impairment charges,
additional bank runs, and losses, among other possible effects) for other participants in these markets.
Future developments, including actions taken by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation (FDIC), and/or Federal Reserve Board, and systemic risk in the U.S. and global
banking sectors and broader economies in general, are difficult to assess and quantify, and the form and
magnitude of such developments or other actions of any of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation, and/or Federal Reserve Board, as well as other financial industry
agencies and policy-making and regulatory bodies, may remain unknown for significant periods of time
and could adversely affect the Funds and their investments.
Although the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation, and other financial institutions have taken measures to stabilize the financial
system, uncertainty and liquidity concerns in the broader financial services industry remain. Additionally,
should there be additional systemic pressure on the financial system and capital markets, there is no
assurance that the response of any government, regulator, or market participant will be as favorable to
industry participants as the recent measures have been. Highly publicized issues related to the U.S. and
global capital markets in the past have led to significant and widespread investor concerns and market
volatility. The aforementioned banking industry situation may lead to further rules and regulations for
banks, financial institutions, and other financial market participants in both the U.S. and global capital
markets, and complying with the requirements of any such rules or regulations may be burdensome. The
recent bank closings have given rise to significant liquidity concerns in the broader financial services
industry and to increased market volatility. Liquidity problems in the financial services industry could have
an adverse effect on our clients and their investment returns.
Item 9.
Disciplinary Information
There are no disciplinary or legal events to report regarding ACM and its employees.
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
ACM is independently owned and does not maintain affiliated investment advisers, broker-dealers, or pooled
investment vehicles. However, ownership interests may be held through trusts or family entities controlled by
the firm’s principals. These are disclosed where material and monitored for conflicts of interest.
Item 11.
Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading
ACM has adopted a code of ethics pursuant to SEC Rule 204A-1. Our code of ethics is available
to any client or prospective client upon written request.
ACM’s Code of Ethics covers its directors, officers and staff and requires that they comply with
applicable federal securities laws and includes policies and procedures that pertain to securities related
7
conduct and fiduciary duty, personal securities transactions, insider trading, gifts, and conflicts of interest.
Security transactions for employee accounts can create potential conflicts as they may invest in some of
the same securities owned by our clients. Potential conflicts are minimized as outlined below in the
Personal Trading section. The following principles emphasize ACM’s fiduciary duty to its clients and the
obligation of its officers and staff to uphold that fundamental duty. These principles include:
• The duty to place the interests of clients first at all times.
• The requirement that all personal securities transactions be conducted to
avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest, or abuse of ACM’s position
of trust and responsibility.
• ACM’s personnel must not take inappropriate advantage of their positions
•
and responsibilities.
Information concerning the identity of security holdings and financial
circumstances of clients is confidential.
• Honesty, integrity, and professionalism shall govern all conduct whether or
not the conduct is covered by specific standards and procedures.
Non-Public Information – Supervised persons are prohibited from securities trading, either
personally or on behalf of others, while in possession of material, nonpublic information and from
communicating material nonpublic information to others in violation of the law. This is known as “insider
trading.” Finally, we note the SEC’s position that the term “material nonpublic information” relates not
only to issuers, but also to ACM’s securities recommendations and client securities holdings and
transactions.
Personal Trading – All access persons are required to submit personal securities transaction
reports on a quarterly basis and holdings reports at the commencement of employment and annually
thereafter, in compliance with Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act. These reports are reviewed by the
Chief Compliance Officer or a designee.
Supervised persons must obtain approval from Michael Meagher, Chief Compliance Officer, for
all securities transactions in IPOs and private placements. In general, employees cannot execute any
trades until it has been confirmed that all transactions have been executed for clients in that same
security. However, employees may participate in trades alongside our clients if the trades do not
adversely impact the pricing and availability of the transaction for clients or operate to the detriment of
clients. This also applies to any relative by blood or marriage living in the same household and any
account in which an immediate family member has a direct or beneficial interest such as a trust. Our Code
of Ethics requires supervised persons to report upon hiring and annually thereafter all reportable
securities accounts and “reportable securities” in which they have a beneficial ownership and quarterly
for all “reportable securities” transactions.
Item 12. Brokerage Practices
Since the firm invests primarily in quality small and medium-sized growth companies, it is
important to receive the research services of those brokers specializing in this market segment.
Therefore, ACM selects brokers for its business that will assist the firm in providing a highly
professional investment service to all its clients. We prefer to deal with a limited number of brokers based
upon a combination of their professional research capability, financial strength, and willingness to charge
a reasonable commission. Factors considered in determining the reasonableness of commissions include
the full range of services provided and commissions generally charged by brokers providing services to
clients.
ACM also periodically evaluates the quality of execution received from each broker-dealer. This
8
includes both quantitative and qualitative assessments, such as execution price, commission rate,
responsiveness, settlement efficiency, and overall client impact. We may conduct post-trade analysis and
broker reviews to ensure that client trades are executed under terms that are, in the aggregate, most
favorable under the circumstances. Where applicable, we also monitor for timely trade settlement,
particularly in light of evolving regulatory expectations such as T+1 settlement cycles.
In many cases, commissions paid are larger than those charged by discount brokers. However,
we believe that the benefits gained from research provided by full-service brokers will produce more
favorable portfolio performance in excess of any incremental commissions. In addition, total annual
portfolio commissions are modest since we invest for the longer term with limited portfolio turnover. Some
part of the brokerage commission beyond execution costs can be ascribed to payment for research (soft
dollar payments). However, we do not use brokerage commissions for client referrals.
ACM may receive research or other execution services provided directly or indirectly by broker-
dealers who execute portfolio transactions. Any arrangements concerning receipt of research and
brokerage services comply with the requirements of Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
These products and services provide assistance to us in the performance of our investment decision-
making responsibilities and are designed to augment our own internal research and investment strategy
capabilities. As required by Section 28(e), ACM will make a good faith determination that the amount of
commission or other fees paid is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research
services provided.
The research services described are used to carry out our investment management
responsibilities with respect to the majority of our client accounts. Accordingly, we do not seek to allocate
soft dollar benefits to client accounts proportionately to the credits the accounts generate.
In selecting brokers that provide these services, we may cause our clients to pay higher
commissions than those charged by some other brokers. Also, because we could pay for these services
out of our own assets, we may have an incentive to select or recommend a broker based on receiving
these research services, rather than based on your interest in receiving best execution. Nonetheless, it
is our policy and intention to select brokers based solely on what is in the best interests of our clients.
ACM may combine client purchase and sale orders into blocks for execution. Transactions are
allocated prior to the trade since we review our accounts prior to placing orders. Orders for clients who
direct orders to specific brokers will not be aggregated, and consequently these clients directed brokerage
transactions could be disadvantaged as described below.
ACM clients may instruct us to direct their trades to a certain broker-dealer of their choice, in
return for such broker providing the client with various services. Directed transactions may be subject to
price movements, particularly in volatile markets, that may result in the client receiving a price that is less
favorable than the price obtained for a batched order. Under these circumstances, the direction by a
client of a particular broker or dealer to execute transactions may result in higher commissions, greater
spreads, or less favorable net prices than might be the case if ACM were empowered to negotiate
commission rates or spreads freely, or to select brokers or dealers based on best execution.
When a decision is made to aggregate transactions on behalf of multiple accounts, such
transactions will be allocated to all eligible participating client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. ACM
uses a trade rotation schedule that is only triggered when orders of various types of like accounts are
communicated to the trader at the same time. Each Portfolio Manager is responsible for their own clients
and their trading decisions are largely autonomous and will encompass each client’s unique investment
situation. ACM will not hold up trades in order to wait for any other potential trades initiated the same day.
When an aggregated order is filled in its entirety, each participating client account will participate at the
average share price for the aggregated order, and commission costs shall be shared pro rata based on
each client’s participation in the aggregated order. Once the order has been placed, the next client will
9
trade.
Item 13.
Review of Accounts
All investment advisory accounts are managed by an experienced investment professional and
reviewed on an ongoing basis by the portfolio manager or members of the investment team as well as
the Chief Investment Officer. Additional reviews occur in conjunction with any change in strategy, unusual
market volatility, fundamentals of a holding, account cash flows or the needs and objectives of the client.
This ensures a continuous and highly professional service to all clients. As a result, the overall investment
strategy and individual holdings are regularly monitored with specific action taken as necessary in all
portfolios.
Quarterly analyses are forwarded to all clients. These include a summary of the total portfolio with
bond and equity percentage breakdowns, current market value, estimated annual income and current
yield. A listing of all individual holdings is also provided with similar information along with a realized gain
and loss update for taxable accounts. We include a performance summary of the account compared with
various benchmarks, along with our quarterly Economic & Investment Summary. Our clients also receive
a monthly statement from their custodian, and they should compare this statement with our quarterly
statement.
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation
From time-to-time, ACM may enter into arrangements with unaffiliated third parties (“solicitors”)
whereby they are compensated for referring investors and/or clients to the Firm. All arrangements will be
documented and disclosed to prospective clients through a solicitor disclosure statement outlining the
nature of the relationship and any associated fees. ACM does not have any arrangements with unaffiliated
third parties at this time.
Generally, payments to such solicitors will be based on a percentage of the fee earned by the Firm
on the invested amount. ACM does not receive an economic benefit with investment advice from a non-
client.
Clients and investors should be aware of the potential conflict of interest with respect to the
solicitation arrangement described above. Where such an arrangement exists, a referred client is made
aware of the details of the solicitation agreement.
Item 15. Custody
ACM does not have physical custody of client funds or securities. Thus, our clients retain a third-
party custodian to serve this role on their behalf.
ACM does not have the ability to deduct advisory fees directly from client accounts. If a client would
like their advisory fee to be paid by the custodian, they must authorize the custodian to remit payment to ACM
once an invoice has been generated. In general, clients receive account statements from the custodian of
their assets on a monthly basis. Certain custodians will send statements quarterly if there is little or no account
activity. ACM advises and urges its clients to carefully review such statements and compare such official
custodial records to the account statements or other reports that ACM provides and to promptly notify ACM
of any discrepancies, particularly with regard to the Firm’s advisory fee directly debited from the account as
applicable.
10
Item 16. Investment Discretion
ACM exercises investment discretionary authority over its client accounts as agent and attorney-
in-fact with the broadest possible power of management and investment as stipulated in our investment
management agreement signed by each client. Accordingly, we implement our investment strategy and
execute orders without prior consultation or approval and invest and reinvest available funds as ACM
deems to be in the client’s best interests. However, we periodically discuss our investment strategy and
future plans with our clients in coordination with investment objectives.
Item 17. Voting Client Securities
ACM may offer its clients the ability to have us vote proxies on their behalf. For those clients, ACM
shall have complete discretion and authority to vote, or refrain from voting, proxies with respect to each
investment held in the Account. When exercising its right to vote proxies with respect to securities in the
Account, ACM shall vote in accordance with ACM’s then-current proxy voting procedures, which will
involve retaining a third-party service provider to provide both research analysis, with respect to proxy
items, as well as to process voting ballots.
Clients can also elect to receive proxies and other corporate communication directly from their
custodian and vote as they wish through their custodian.
ACM will vote proxies in the best interests of our clients, and in accordance with the
recommendations of our third-party service provider. ACM believes that voting proxies in accordance with
these guidelines is in the best interests of its clients except in those instances where the client instructs
us in advance that they would like us to override the recommendations as it relates to their shares. If a
client makes a specific request, ACM will vote client proxies in accordance with such client’s request even
if it is in a manner inconsistent with the provider’s recommendations or our policies and procedures. Such
specific requests must be made by the individual client or by an authorized officer, representative or
named fiduciary of the client.
Conflicts of interest in a proxy voting context may arise between ACM and a client but are
expected to be rare. If, in ACM’s reasonable judgement, a conflict of interest does arise with respect to
a particular proxy, ACM will seek instructions from affected clients prior to casting a vote.
A copy of our proxy voting policies and procedures is available upon request, and a client can
obtain information on how their proxies were voted by contacting us.
Item 18. Financial Information
ACM does not require prepayment of client fees six months or more in advance and is, therefore,
not required to include a balance sheet. In addition, the firm does not have any financial condition that is
reasonably likely to impair its ability to meet contractual commitments to clients.
Item 19. Additional Information
Legal Actions – We do not advise nor act for our clients in any legal proceedings, including
bankruptcies or class actions, involving securities held in our portfolios.
11