Overview
- Headquarters
- West Hartford, CT
- Average Client Assets
- $2.5 million
- Minimum Account Size
- $500,000
- SEC CRD Number
- 171106
Fee Structure
Primary Fee Schedule (APELLA WEALTH PART 2A OCTOBER 2025)
| Min | Max | Marginal Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $0 | and above | 1.50% |
Illustrative Fee Rates
| Total Assets | Annual Fees | Average Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $1 million | $15,000 | 1.50% |
| $5 million | $75,000 | 1.50% |
| $10 million | $150,000 | 1.50% |
| $50 million | $750,000 | 1.50% |
| $100 million | $1,500,000 | 1.50% |
Clients
- HNW Share of Firm Assets
- 83.69%
- Total Client Accounts
- 22,369
- Discretionary Accounts
- 15,257
- Non-Discretionary Accounts
- 7,112
Services Offered
Services: Financial Planning, Portfolio Management for Individuals
Regulatory Filings
Additional Brochure: APELLA WEALTH PART 2A MARCH 2026 (2026-03-30)
View Document Text
ITEM 1 - COVER PAGE
ADV Part 2A, Firm Brochure of
APELLA CAPITAL, LLC
DBA APELLA WEALTH
65 MEMORIAL DRIVE, SUITE 340
WEST HARTFORD, CT 06107
P/ 860.785.2260
F/ 860.748.4961
WWW.APELLAWEALTH.COM
March 30, 2026
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Apella Capital, LLC
(“Apella”). If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at 860.785.2260.
The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and
Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority, nor does registration imply a certain level of skill
or training. Additional information about Apella Capital, LLC (“Apella)” also is available on the SEC’s website
at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. You can search this site by the firm’s unique identifying IARD number. The IARD
number for Apella Capital, LLC is 171106.
APELLA CAPITAL, LLC
MARCH 2026 | PAGE 1 OF 46
ITEM 2 - MATERIAL CHANGES
There have been no material changes to this brochure since our last annual updating amendment. This
brochure is updated from time to time to reflect material changes and may also be revised to clarify or
provide additional information.
As of December 31, 2025, we managed $7,544,684,068 in client assets on a discretionary basis and
$2,231,539,503 on a non-discretionary basis.
QUESTIONS & CONCERNS
We encourage you to read this document in its entirety. Our Chief Compliance Officer, Timothy Richards,
remains available to address any questions or concerns regarding this Part 2A Brochure, including any
material change disclosure or information described below.
APELLA CAPITAL, LLC
MARCH 2026 | PAGE 2 OF 46
ITEM 3 - TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM 1 - COVER PAGE .................................................................................................................................................. 1
ITEM 2 - MATERIAL CHANGES ...................................................................................................................................... 2
ITEM 3 - TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 3
ITEM 4 - ADVISORY BUSINESS ...................................................................................................................................... 5
A. ABOUT OUR FIRM .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
B. TYPES OF ADVISORY SERVICES WE OFFER ...................................................................................................................... 5
C. CLIENT TAILORED SERVICES AND CLIENT IMPOSED RESTRICTIONS .............................................................................. 11
D. WRAP FEE PROGRAM .................................................................................................................................................. 12
E. REGULATORY ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................. 12
ITEM 5 - FEES AND COMPENSATION .......................................................................................................................... 13
A. FEE SCHEDULE .............................................................................................................................................................. 13
B. PAYMENT OF FEES ........................................................................................................................................................ 15
C. CLIENT RESPONSIBILITY FOR THIRD PARTY FEES .......................................................................................................... 17
D. PREPAYMENT OF FEES ................................................................................................................................................. 19
E. OUTSIDE COMPENSATION FOR THE SALES OF SECURITIES TO CLIENTS ....................................................................... 19
ITEM 6 - PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES & SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT ........................................................................ 19
ITEM 7 - TYPES OF CLIENTS ........................................................................................................................................ 19
ITEM 8 - METHODS OF ANALYSIS, STRATEGIES, & RISK OF LOSS ................................................................................. 21
A. METHODS OF ANALYSIS & INVESTMENT STRATEGIES ................................................................................................. 21
B. MATERIAL RISKS INVOLVED ......................................................................................................................................... 26
C. RISKS OF SPECIFIC SECURITIES UTILIZED ...................................................................................................................... 28
D. DESCRIPTION OF OTHER MATERIAL, SIGNIFICANT OR UNUSUAL RISKS ....................................................................... 35
ITEM 9 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION ...................................................................................................................... 37
A. CRIMINAL OR CIVIL ACTIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 37
B. ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS ................................................................................................................................. 37
C. SELF-REGULATORY ORGANIZATION (SRO) PROCEEDINGS ........................................................................................... 37
ITEM 10 - OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES & AFFILIATIONS .......................................................................... 37
A. REGISTRATION AS A BROKER/DEALER OR BROKER/DEALER REPRESENTATIVE ........................................................... 37
B. REGISTRATION AS A FUTURES COMMISSION MERCHANT, COMMODITY POOL OPERATOR, OR COMMODITY TRADING
ADVISOR .......................................................................................................................................................................... 38
C. REGISTRATION RELATIONSHIPS MATERIAL TO THIS ADVISORY BUSINESS AND POSSIBLE CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS .. 38
D. SELECTION OF OTHER ADVISERS OR MANAGERS AND HOW THIS ADVISER IS COMPENSATED FOR THOSE SELECTIONS
......................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
ITEM 11 - CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION & INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS, & PERSONAL TRADING .............. 38
A. CODE OF ETHICS ........................................................................................................................................................... 38
B. RECOMMENDATIONS INVOLVING MATERIAL FINANCIAL INTERESTS .......................................................................... 39
C. INVESTING PERSONAL MONEY IN THE SAME SECURITIES AS CLIENTS ......................................................................... 39
D. TRADING SECURITIES AT/AROUND THE SAME TIME AS CLIENTS’ SECURITIES ............................................................. 39
ITEM 12 - BROKERAGE PRACTICES ............................................................................................................................. 39
A. FACTORS USED TO SELECT CUSTODIANS AND/OR BROKER/DEALERS ........................................................................... 39
B. AGGREGATING (BLOCK) TRADING FOR MULTIPLE CLIENT ACCOUNTS ......................................................................... 43
ITEM 13 - REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS .............................................................................................................................. 43
A. FREQUENCY AND NATURE OF PERIODIC REVIEWS AND WHO MAKES THOSE REVIEWS .............................................. 43
APELLA CAPITAL, LLC
MARCH 2026 | PAGE 3 OF 46
B. FACTORS THAT WILL TRIGGER A NON-PERIODIC REVIEW OF CLIENT ACCOUNTS ........................................................ 43
C. CONTENT AND FREQUENCY OF REGULAR REPORTS PROVIDED TO CLIENTS ................................................................ 43
ITEM 14 - CLIENT REFERRALS & OTHER COMPENSATION ............................................................................................ 43
A. ECONOMIC BENEFITS PROVIDED BY THIRD PARTIES FOR ADVICE RENDERED TO CLIENTS (INCLUDES SALES AWARDS
OR OTHER PRIZES) ............................................................................................................................................................ 43
B. COMPENSATION TO NON – ADVISORY PERSONNEL FOR CLIENT REFERRALS ................................................................ 44
ITEM 15 - CUSTODY ................................................................................................................................................... 44
ITEM 16 - INVESTMENT DISCRETION .......................................................................................................................... 45
ITEM 17 - VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES ........................................................................................................................ 46
ITEM 18 - FINANCIAL INFORMATION ......................................................................................................................... 46
A. PREPAYMENT OF FEES ................................................................................................................................................. 46
B. DISCRETIONARY AUTHORITY AND PREPAYMENT OF FEES ........................................................................................... 46
C. BANKRUPTCY ............................................................................................................................................................... 46
APELLA CAPITAL, LLC
MARCH 2026 | PAGE 4 OF 46
ITEM 4 - ADVISORY BUSINESS
A. ABOUT OUR FIRM
Apella Capital, LLC has been in business since 2013 and became registered with the Securities and
Exchange Commission ("SEC") in April of 2014 as an investment adviser, with its principal place of business
located in Connecticut. Apella Capital, LLC is managed by Patrick A. Sweeny, CEO and James J. Scanlan,
President. In addition to Apella’s main office in West Hartford, CT, our Firm currently has offices located in
various locations throughout the United States.
This brochure is designed to provide detailed and precise information about each item noted in the table
of contents. Certain disclosures are repeated in one or more items, and other disclosures are referred
throughout to be as comprehensive as possible on the broad subject matters discussed.
Apella acknowledges that it is a fiduciary with respect to any investment advice. Apella strives to ensure
high standards of ethical conduct among its employees to protect the Firm’s clients and Firm reputation.
Within this brochure, specific terms in either are used as follows:
• Apella refers to Apella Capital, LLC.
•
•
“Firm,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Apella Capital, LLC.
“Adviser,” “Investment Adviser Representative,” and “IAR” refers to our professional representatives
who provide investment recommendations or advice on behalf of Apella Capital, LLC.
“You,” “yours,” and “Client” refers to Clients of Apella Capital, LLC and its advisers.
“Code” refers to our Firm’s Code of Ethics.
“CCO” refers to our Chief Compliance Officer.
•
•
•
B. TYPES OF ADVISORY SERVICES WE OFFER
Apella offers a variety of advisory services, which include discretionary and non-discretionary investment
management (with or without the use of third-party asset managers, please see Item 10.C within this
brochure for further information), held away portfolio advice, independent sub-advisory and third-party
money management services, and various financial planning & consulting services.. Apella also offers an
automated investment platform (“Automated Advisory Service”) called Apella Ascent, offered through
Betterment, a third-party custodial and technology solution. Before rendering any advisory services,
Clients must enter into one or more written Investment Advisory Agreements (“Agreements”), setting forth
the relevant terms and conditions of the advisory relationship.
We do not provide tax or legal advice. Tax services may be provided through the firm’s affiliated entity,
Apella Services, LLC. Clients are under no obligation to engage with Apella Services, LLC for tax services.
Apella Capital, LLC provides investment advisory services to certain broker-dealers’ customers
(“Brokerage Customers”) who provide written consent requesting to receive the firm’s advisory services.
Brokerage Customers have entered into a written advisory agreement with Apella Capital, LLC.
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Apella’s advisory services may include the following: reviewing the Client’s investment portfolio at
the commencement of the Apella advisory relationship; assessing the Client’s investment needs
and objectives; investment policy planning and suitability; developing an asset allocation strategy
designed to meet Client objectives; ongoing monitoring of the performance of the accounts;
implementation of asset allocation strategy; reviewing accounts to ensure adherence to policy
guidelines and rebalancing asset allocations when Apella, deems such re-balancing appropriate
for the Client; answering client inquiries; updating Client information; and interviewing the Client at
least annually to identify changes in the Client’s financial situation. The Client should notify Apella
promptly if the Client’s financial situation or investment objectives change.
With our discretionary relationship, we will change the portfolio as appropriate to help meet a
Client’s financial objectives. We trade Client portfolios based on our market views and the Client’s
financial goals.
APELLA CAPITAL, LLC
MARCH 2026 | PAGE 5 OF 46
With a non-discretionary relationship, Apella will provide recommendations to help meet a Client’s
financial objectives, but we must obtain Client approval before making any transactions in a Client
account.
APELLA SELECT
Apella Select services includes two distinct separately managed account (SMA) options. The
Investable Index Series targets popular equity indexes, while the Multi-Factor Strategies are
designed to capture multi-factor strategies comprised of individual stocks and ADRs.
INVESTABLE INDEX SERIES
Our Investable Index Series was designed to provide Apella clients with Model options that behave in a
manner similar to a broad-market index while, at the same time, allowing for customization and active
overlay management techniques through individual security ownership.
MULTI-FACTOR STRATEGIES
Our Multi-Factor Strategies are comprised of broadly diversified investment solutions that include
individual stocks and ADRs. These portfolios are constructed based on quantitative rules-based methods
that seek to capture specific factor premiums, such as Value, Momentum and Profitability, and will
rebalance on a regular basis to maintain intended diversification and factor exposures. Portfolios of
individual securities may be the appropriate solution for clients with tastes and preferences or needs that
are better met by these portfolios. The current offering includes strategies that cover the United States,
International, and Global geographies and can include factors such as Value, Momentum, and Profitability
(or Quality).
An Apella Financial Advisor may utilize either of these Models to serve several construction objectives
inside a Client portfolio. The Financial Advisor may wish to use these Models as a core module inside of a
larger core/satellite portfolio. These Models may also be suitable as a starting point to express a Client's
preferences for lifestyle- or religious- specific customizations that could otherwise not be expressed
through a pooled vehicle such as an ETF or Mutual Fund. Finally, these Models may be utilized as a tax-
aware module within a Client portfolio where specific tax lots of individual securities may be loss-
harvested (see Tax Overlay Management Services) while at the same time demonstrating index-like
tracking characteristics. While the Models themselves are not managed in a tax sensitive fashion, the
structure does help facilitate more effective tax management from the dispersion among a sample of the
constituent securities of an index as well as the potential for various tax lots for these securities.
COMPLETION PORTFOLIOS
As noted above, the Investable Index Series offers investment solutions that closely track the
performance of indices. In some cases, those solutions may not represent the entirety of a Client’s
appropriate investment solution. As such, Apella may offer model portfolios of mutual funds or ETFs that
are intended to be paired with various solutions offered in the Investable Index Series in order to achieve
a total portfolio solution consistent with a Client’s needs. Examples of what may be included in
Completion Portfolios include Emerging Market equity, small and micro-cap equity, high-turnover factor
strategies like momentum, and other sub-strategies of a portfolio that may not be offered in the Invest-
able Index Series.
TAX OVERLAY MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Apella can provide Tax Overlay Management services to Apella Select accounts. In providing Tax Overlay
Management services, we consider the tax consequences of transactions in a Client account and will
adjust our services accordingly. We attempt to accomplish tax-aware investment management through
gain-loss matching, harvesting losses and/ or gains, deferring gains until securities reach preferential tax
status, and avoiding imprudent wash sale transactions to improve the after- tax return while staying as
consistent as possible with the risk/return characteristics of the Client’s account Strategy.
Our ability to improve after-tax return depends on various factors beyond our control including economic
and market conditions, regulatory changes, actions taken by a Client's custodian broker-dealer, the
specifics of an account’s strategy, the starting portfolio in an account, a Client's tax circumstances, and
mandates as communicated by the Client's Financial Advisor. Tax Overlay Management may cause the
actual performance in a Client account to vary from the "stated" performance of the Strategy’s Manager.
APELLA CAPITAL, LLC
MARCH 2026 | PAGE 6 OF 46
Tax Overlay Management services are provided in connection with the Apella Select Program and to
financial planning clients who receive services from one of Apella’s appropriately credentialed IARs. We
do not provide general tax planning advice or services outside of these types of client engagements
unless the client has hired Apella for comprehensive financial planning. To provide Tax Overlay
Management services, we rely solely on the information provided by the Client and their custodian
broker-dealer. If that information is inaccurate, incomplete, or not timely, our ability to provide Tax Overlay
Management may be adversely affected. We make no guaranty that taxes in any account will be reduced.
If an account contains mutual funds and/or exchange traded funds (“ETFs”), our Tax Overlay Management
services are generally applied on the portion of the account containing equity securities and not to the
portion that consists predominantly of mutual funds and/or ETFs.
By default, accounts are managed without Tax Overlay Management Services unless specifically selected
by the Client's Financial Advisor. Please note that with Apella Select there are minimum investment levels.
TURNKEY ASSET MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (“TAMP”) SERVICES
Apella will make their initial recommendation of the appropriate portfolio based on the Client’s risk
tolerance, time horizon, and Client profile. On an ongoing basis, we will review the portfolio
selection and make recommendations to modify the portfolio based on the Client’s changing
circumstances.
Apella is compensated by advisory fees deducted quarterly in advance from the Client’s account
by the custodian and paid to Betterment LLC who in turn pays our Firm their stated advisory fee.
HELD AWAY PORTFOLIO ADVICE
Our held away portfolio services are designed to meet our Client’s financial goals, needs, and
objectives involving analysis of a Client’s investments, such as variable life insurance and annuity
contracts, assets held in employer-sponsored retirement plans, and/or qualified tuition plans (i.e.,
529 plans) held externally from our Firm. In these situations, Apella may direct or recommend
allocating assets among the various investment options available within the product.
Apella is engaged with unaffiliated third-party service providers, for Client accounts not directly
held with our recommended Custodian; but where our team has discretion and leverages an Order
Management System to implement asset allocation or rebalancing strategies on behalf of the
Client. These are primarily 401(k) accounts, 403(b) accounts, 529 plans, variable annuities, and
other assets not held with the recommended Custodian. We regularly review the current holdings
and available investment options in these accounts, monitor the account, rebalance, and
implement our Apella's strategies, as necessary.
The platform allows us to avoid being considered to have custody of Client funds since we do not
have direct access to Client log-in credentials to affect trades. We are not affiliated with the
platform in any way and receive no compensation from them for using their platform. A link will be
provided to the Client, allowing them to connect an account(s) to the platform. Once the Client
account(s) is connected to the platform, the Adviser will review the current account allocations and
investment options. When we are authorized with discretionary management, we will rebalance
the account, considering Client investment goals and risk tolerance, and any change in allocations
will consider current economic and market trends. The goal is to improve account performance
over time, minimize losses during complex markets, and manage internal fees that harm account
performance. Client account(s) will be reviewed quarterly, and allocation changes will be made, as
necessary.
APELLA CAPITAL, LLC
MARCH 2026 | PAGE 7 OF 46
PONTERA
Pontera is an independent service provider and is not affiliated with Apella. Pontera does not provide
investment advice to clients and does not have discretion to place trades on its own behalf. Apella
remains solely responsible for the investment advice it provides and for directing any allocation or
rebalancing activity carried out through the Pontera platform. The qualified plan sponsor, recordkeeper, or
other financial institution that holds the assets in a held away account continues to maintain custody of
those assets.
As part of our portfolio management services, we may utilize Pontera, a third-party technology platform,
to securely access and manage “Held Away Accounts” (such as 401(k)s, 403(b)s, and other employer-
sponsored retirement plans) on behalf of our clients.
We regularly review the available investment options in these accounts, monitor them, and rebalance and
implement our strategies in the same way we do other accounts, though using different tools, as
necessary.
The platform allows us to avoid being considered to have custody of Client funds since we do not have
direct access to Client log-in credentials to affect trades. We are not affiliated with the platform in any
way and receive no compensation from them for using their platform.
Apella will bill on Held Away Accounts in a manner and frequency as described in the Client’s Investment
Advisory Agreement.
INDEPENDENT SUB-ADVISORY AND THIRD-PARTY MANAGER SERVICES
If deemed appropriate, Apella will utilize the services of a Sub-Adviser (“SMA” or “Manager”) or
Independent Third-Party Manager (“ITPM” or “Manager”) to manage your accounts. Investment
recommendations and securities trading will only be offered by or through the chosen SMA or
ITPM. Apella will not advise on any specific securities concerning this service.
Before referring a Client to a Sub-Adviser or ITPM, Apella will conduct initial due diligence on SMA
and ITPMs and ongoing reviews of their management of Client accounts. To assist in selecting an
SMA or ITPM, we will gather information about the Client’s financial situation, investment
objectives, and reasonable restrictions imposed upon account management.
Apella will periodically review the Manager reports provided to the Client. We will periodically
contact the Client to review their financial situation and objectives, communicate information to
the Manager as warranted, and assist the Client in understanding and evaluating the services
provided. The Client will be expected to notify our Firm of any changes in their financial situation,
investment objectives, or account restrictions that could affect their financial standing.
By executing an Investment Advisory Agreement with Apella, the Client gives Apella the
discretionary authority to hire or fire the Manager and to allocate assets among Managers without
obtaining consent.
The services provided by the SMA and ITPM include:
Implementation of an asset allocation
• Assessment of Client investment needs and objectives
•
• Delivery of suitable style allocations (e.g., Income, Large Cap, Small Cap, Growth, Value,
etc.)
• Facilitation of portfolio transactions
• Ongoing monitoring of investment vehicles’ performance
• Review of accounts for adherence to policy guidelines and asset allocation
• Reporting of Client account portfolio activity.
Each Manager has minimum account requirements that will vary between Managers. Account
minimums are typically higher for fixed-income accounts than for equity-based accounts. A
complete description of the Manager’s services, fee schedules, and account minimums will be
disclosed in the Manager’s disclosure brochure, which will be provided to you before or when an
agreement for services is executed, and the account is established. Further information about
APELLA CAPITAL, LLC
MARCH 2026 | PAGE 8 OF 46
Apella’s engagement with third-party investment advisory firms can be found in Item 10.D within
this brochure.
FINANCIAL PLANNING & CONSULTING SERVICES
Apella offers financial planning & consulting services, which involve preparing a full written
financial plan, which may address one or several topics: Investment Planning, Retirement Planning,
Tax Planning, Education Planning, Portfolios, and Allocation Review. An advisory Client may receive
these services as part of the bundled services offered under the established advisory agreement.
Alternatively, a Client seeking financial planning or consulting services only may receive these
services on a standalone basis for a fixed fee. Certain clients may require extensive and ongoing
financial planning and consulting services, which may extend beyond one year.
Financial planning clients may pay an on-going financial planning fee for the services provided. All
financial planning clients receive a written financial plan, providing the Client with a detailed
financial plan designed to achieve their stated financial goals and objectives. Implementation of
financial plan recommendations is entirely at the Client’s discretion.
In order to develop a comprehensive plan, the Apella IAR will:
• Determine and prioritize personal and financial goals, needs, and objectives.
• Gather the pertinent data and documents and conduct personal interviews with the Client
and professional advisers.
• Analyze and evaluate a Client’s overall financial situation.
• Develop and present investment and financial planning recommendations both verbally
and in writing.
Implement all investment and financial plans as directed by the Client.
•
• Monitor and adjust plans as needed and directed on an ongoing basis.
Depending on a Client’s objectives, the resulting formal written plan will cover general financial
planning, estate planning, educational fund planning, individual tax planning, retirement planning,
risk management, and insurance planning.
Financial Planning services provided to clients may include services such as:
• Analyze and evaluate the Client’s financial status – conduct interviews with the Client and
professional advisers.
• Develop and present investment and financial planning recommendations both verbally
and in writing, to include:
o Evaluating Cash flow and advise on budgeting and debt management.
o Evaluating and advising on tax, estate, and charitable giving.
o Evaluating and advising on retirement and college planning.
o Evaluating and advising on investment strategies and portfolio construction.
o Evaluating and advising on risk management and insurance planning.
o Developing and presenting divorce planning recommendations.
o Providing other financial planning services, as needed.
Unless otherwise agreed to in writing, the Client is solely responsible for determining whether to
implement our financial planning recommendations. Our financial planning and consulting services
do not involve implementing transactions on your behalf nor include active and ongoing
monitoring or management of your investments or accounts.
The Client must execute a separate written agreement for investment management services if the
Client elects to implement any of our investment recommendations through Apella or retain
Apella to monitor and manage investments actively.
APELLA CAPITAL, LLC
MARCH 2026 | PAGE 9 OF 46
DPL FINANCIAL PARTNERS PLATFORM
As part of our comprehensive financial planning and investment advisory services, we may recommend
or facilitate the use of commission-free insurance and annuity products available through DPL Financial
Partners (“DPL”). DPL is a third-party platform that provides access to a curated marketplace of low-cost,
no-commission insurance solutions from a variety of carriers. These products are designed to align with
fiduciary standards and support client-focused planning.
QUALIFIED RETIREMENT PLAN SERVICES
When providing any non-discretionary investment advisory services, we will solely be making investment
recommendations to the Sponsor, and the Sponsor retains full discretionary authority or control over
assets of the retirement plan. We agree to perform any non-discretionary investment advisory services to
the retirement plan as a fiduciary, as defined in ERISA Section 3(21)(A)(ii). We will act in good faith and with
the degree of diligence, care, and skill that a prudent person rendering similar services would exercise
under similar circumstances.
When providing administrative services, we may support the Sponsor with plan governance and
committee education; vendor management and service provider selection and review; investment
education; or plan participant non-fiduciary education services. We agree to perform any administrative
services solely in a capacity that would not be considered a fiduciary under ERISA or any other applicable
law.
When offering investment models to plan sponsors, under certain circumstances, we will act as a
“fiduciary” as defined under Section 3(21) of ERISA and Section 4975I (3) of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended (the “Code”).
WRITTEN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF FIDUCIARY STATUS
Apella is considered a fiduciary under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. When we provide investment
advice to clients regarding their retirement plan account or individual retirement account, we are also
fiduciaries within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and the Internal
Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws governing retirement accounts. We must act in the Client’s
best interest and not put our interests ahead of theirs. At the same time, how we make money conflicts
with Client interests.
A Client leaving an employer typically has four options regarding an existing retirement plan (and may
engage in a combination of these options):
•
•
leave the money in the former employer’s plan, if permitted,
roll over the assets to the new employer’s plan, if one is available and rollovers are
permitted,
rollover to an Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”), or
•
• cash out the account value (which depending upon the Client’s age, could result
in adverse tax consequences).
Apella may recommend that a Client rollover plan assets to an IRA for which Apella provides investment
advisory services. As a result, Apella and its advisers may earn an asset-based fee on the rolled assets. In
contrast, a recommendation that a Client leave their plan assets with their previous employer or rollover
the assets to a plan sponsored by a new employer will result in no compensation to Apella. Therefore,
Apella has an economic incentive to encourage a Client to roll plan assets into an IRA that we will
manage, which presents a conflict of interest. To mitigate the conflict of interest, there are numerous
factors that we will consider before recommending a rollover, including but not limited to:
•
•
•
the investment options available in the plan versus the investment options
available in an IRA,
fees and expenses in the plan versus the fees and expenses in an IRA,
the services and responsiveness of the plan’s investment professionals versus
those of our Firm,
required minimum distributions and age considerations, and
• protection of assets from creditors and legal judgments,
•
• employer stock tax consequences, if any.
APELLA CAPITAL, LLC
MARCH 2026 | PAGE 10 OF 46
The Chief Compliance Officer remains available to address client questions regarding the supervision and
oversight of rollover and transfer assets.
TAX PLANNING SERVICES
Tax planning services offered through Apella Services, LLC. Apella Capital, LLC assists clients in the
development of a multi-year income tax plan after careful consideration of a Client’s objectives and
present financial situation. This process begins with the preparation of a comprehensive financial plan.
Based on this analysis, we will recommend strategies to implement today that can have a positive impact
on taxes due in future years, especially during retirement. Tax return preparation is not included in this
service but can be obtained through Apella Services, LLC, a separate entity from Apella Capital at an
additional cost. Clients are under no obligation to use Apella Services for tax return preparation.
SEMINARS & WORKSHOPS
Apella has entered into a Joint Marketing Agreement with CFS Financial, LLC, an investment
adviser registered in the state of MA (Referring Firm”), whereby Apella co-sponsors college
planning seminars with Referring Firm. The purpose of the seminars is to educate participants
regarding college funding options and, for a planning fee, to guide individuals (“College Planning
Clients”) through the college funding process. Certain College Planning Clients have financial
planning or investment advisory needs beyond the scope of services provided by Referring Firm.
Referring Firm may refer such College Planning Clients to Apella for broader scope financial
planning and/or for ongoing investment advisory services. Referring Firm receives fees for
services it provides and additional compensation from Apella for referrals of clients for investment
advisory services.
APELLA ASCENT
Apella offers investment advisory services through an automated investment platform
(“Automated Advisory Service”) called Apella Ascent. The Automated Advisory Service, delivered
through a third-party custodial and technology solution (described below, “Betterment”), utilizes
proprietary algorithms to construct, allocate, and rebalance client portfolios based on information
provided by the Client, including but not limited to investment objectives, risk tolerance, time
horizon, and financial situation.
By enrolling in Apella Ascent, Client acknowledges and agrees that:
1.
Investment recommendations and portfolio management decisions are generated based
on algorithmic models and do not rely exclusively on direct human intervention for all
investment activities.
2. The client is responsible for providing accurate and updated financial information, and the
effectiveness of the Automated Advisory Service is contingent upon the accuracy of such
information.
3. Apella periodically reviews the algorithm’s effectiveness, but it does not provide ongoing
individualized investment advice outside of the automated framework.
4. Market conditions, economic factors, and unforeseen events may impact the performance
of automated investment strategies, and past performance does not guarantee future
results.
Apella reserves the right to modify, suspend, or terminate the Automated Advisory Services at its
discretion, with reasonable notice to clients, in accordance with applicable regulations.
C. CLIENT TAILORED SERVICES AND CLIENT IMPOSED RESTRICTIONS
Apella tailors our investment management and advisory services continuously to meet the needs of our
clients. We seek to ensure Client portfolios are managed consistently with those needs and objectives in
mind. We meet with Clients on an initial and ongoing basis to assess their specific risk tolerance, time
horizon, liquidity constraints, and other related factors relevant to managing their portfolios. Acting as a
Client’s investment adviser, the Apella IAR builds custom investment programs. The IAR collaborates with
the Client to develop objectives within suitable risk/reward parameters relative to the Client’s financial
circumstances and then develop an appropriate asset allocation strategy. The Apella IAR begins with a
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model portfolio constructed for each specific investment strategy Apella offers, and then tailors the
model for each client, taking into account the Client’s individual needs, including Client requested
restrictions, cash needs, tax considerations, and other items, while generally remaining consistent with the
Firm’s model for that strategy.
There may be an opportunity to employ Client-requested restrictions on a case-by-case basis; any
proposed client requested restrictions should be provided to the Firm in writing in advance for its
consideration. The Firm will also consider allowing clients to impose restrictions on investing in certain
securities or types of securities.
To further fine-tune our understanding of a Client’s risk tolerance, we utilize Nitrogen, a third-party vendor
tool, to assist in identifying the client’s risk tolerance.
Nitrogen technology assists financial planners in two critical tasks: (1) measuring the risk preferences of
investors and (2) applying these preference measurements to portfolio selection. Nitrogen summarizes an
investor’s mean-variance risk aversion on a 99-point scale. In connection with this output, the Nitrogen
tool “quantifies” the Client’s indicated investment risk tolerance through the illustration of expected return
(plus/minus) and investment volatility (investment variance), which uses past data to calculate expected
variance.
Apella may advise a Client about legacy positions or other investments in Client portfolios. Clients can
limit or restrict our trading and/or billing in these positions. A Client must notify Apella of any situation that
would impair our ability to manage Client accounts properly.
D. WRAP FEE PROGRAM
Apella does not sponsor or participate in a Wrap Program.
E. REGULATORY ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT
As of December 31, 2025, Apella’s discretionary assets under management were approximately
$7,482,368,272.00 and non-discretionary assets under management of approximately $2,231,539,503.00.
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ITEM 5 - FEES AND COMPENSATION
The Investment Advisory Agreement between a Client and Apella will outline the exact costs and other
terms related to the Client’s Accounts agreed upon between the parties.
Apella provides investment advisory services on a fee basis. Our standard fee is negotiable and is typically
based on a percentage of the client’s assets under management (“AUM”) and the scope and complexity of
the client’s overall advisory engagement. The maximum annual fee charged for investment advisory
services is 1.50% of AUM, except as described below in Item 5.A. Fees are generally charged quarterly in
advance, based on the value of the account as of the last business day of the preceding quarter, unless
otherwise specified in the client’s Investment Advisory Agreement.
A. FEE SCHEDULE
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT FEES
Apella offers investment management services for an annual fee based on the amount of assets
under management. Our maximum annual fee is 1.5%, and we have a minimum account size of
$500,000. We retain the right to waive the minimum account size at our discretion.
Our annual investment advisory fee may be higher than that of other investment advisers that offer
similar services and programs. In addition to our compensation, clients may incur charges imposed
at the mutual fund level (e.g., advisory fees and other fund expenses).
On a periodic basis, Apella acquires clients from other registered investment advisory firms through
purchase transactions (“acquisitions”). The advisory fees of Clients joining Apella through acquisitions are
typically “grandfathered,” such that no Client acquired in an acquisition is subject to a fee change on
joining Apella. This can mean that some clients join Apella at fee rates that are higher than or lower than
Apella’s standard or maximum fee, as described above.
APELLA SELECT
Clients are charged a fee of up to 25 basis points (0.25%) for portfolio management services.
An additional fee of 0.05% applies for tax overlay services. These fees are charged in
addition to the standard Apella Advisory fee. All fees are fully disclosed in the client
agreement and may vary based on the services provided. Clients utilizing Dimensional Fund
Advisers (DFA) will pay an additional 0.18% on all sub-advised assets, while clients utilizing
Vanguard will pay an additional 0.20% on sub-advised assets. However, if DFA sub-advised
accounts are invested in DFA-managed exchange-traded funds (ETFs), the management
fees otherwise payable to DFA for sub-advisory services will be waived on those ETF assets.
TURNKEY ASSET MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (“TAMP”) FEES
Fees charged for Apella Ascent (through Betterment LLC) are .50% on assets under management.
Clients must consent in writing to have advisory fees debited directly from a Client’s investment
account. With Client input and on an on-going basis, Apella will make their initial recommendation
of the appropriate portfolio based on the Client’s risk tolerance, time horizon, and Client profile. On
an ongoing basis, Apella will review the portfolio selection and will make recommendations to
modify the portfolio based on the Client’s changing circumstances.
HELD AWAY PORTFOLIO ADVICE FEES
PONTERA
Clients are billed at their investment advisory disclosed fee on all assets including held-away assets
managed by Apella through Pontera.
INDEPENDENT SUB-ADVISORY AND THIRD-PARTY MANAGER SERVICE FEES
A complete description of the SMA and ITPM’s services, fee schedules, and account minimums will
be disclosed in Manager's disclosure brochure, which will be provided to you before or when an
agreement for services is executed, and the account is established. Each third-party investment
adviser is required under federal securities laws to provide their clients, including SMA and ITPM
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Clients, with a Form ADV Part 2A (“Adviser Brochure” or “this Brochure”) that includes disclosures,
and among other things, the fees charged to their clients.
The actual fee charged to the Client will vary depending on SMA or ITPM. All fees are calculated
and collected by the Manager, who will be responsible for delivering Apella’s portion of the fee
paid by the Client. With SMA and ITPMs, you may incur additional charges, including mutual fund
sales loads, 12b-1 fees and surrender charges, and IRA and qualified retirement plan fees.
There is a potential conflict of interest in using independent Managers if they pay us a portion of
their advisory fee and have met the conditions of our due diligence review. Apella is committed to
always working in the Client's best interest. There may be other Managers not affiliated with Apella
that may be suitable for a Client or may be more or less costly. As with any Adviser, no guarantees
can be made that the SMA or ITPM will achieve a Client's financial goals or objectives. Further, no
guarantees of performance can be offered.
Clients should review the SMA or ITPM’s Brochure in its entirety, along with this Brochure, to fully
understand the services, fees, agreements, and risks surrounding these arrangements and fully
understand that these types of arrangements have layers of fees that may or may not be apparent
without reading the SMA or ITPM’s Brochure and this Brochure, along with the offering
document/prospectus for underlining investments.
FINANCIAL PLANNING AND CONSULTING SERVICE FEES
Apella provides financial planning services under a fixed fee or an hourly fee arrangement. This
arrangement charges a mutually agreed-upon fee for financial planning services, ranging from
$1,000 to $25,000, depending upon the complexity of the services for which the Client engages
Apella. This ongoing financial planning & consulting is also provided at a fixed fee annually. The
fixed fee is negotiable depending on the services provided and is typically a one-time fee unless
the client requests the services to continue beyond the first year.
Fees may vary from the above depending on the time frame the client was introduced to Apella, or
which office location is servicing the client. In all cases, the fee for your engagement is specified in
the financial planning agreement. At Apella’s sole discretion, the Client may be required to pay the
fee at the time the agreement is executed; however, Apella does not require or solicit prepayment
of more than $1,200 in fees per Client, six months or more in advance. The fee is considered
earned upon delivery of the financial plan, and any unpaid amount is immediately due.
If the Client terminates the financial planning services after entering into an agreement with Apella,
the Client will be invoiced and responsible for immediate payment of any hourly financial planning
services performed by us before receiving notice of termination. For financial planning services
that we perform under a fixed or hourly fee arrangement, the Client will be responsible for paying
a pro-rated fixed fee equivalent to the percentage of work completed. If there is a remaining
balance of any fees paid in advance after deducting fees from the final invoice, those remaining
proceeds will be refunded to the Client.
DPL FINANCIAL PARTNERS PLATFORM
Apella does not receive commissions or compensation from DPL or any insurance carriers for
recommending or implementing insurance products. Our compensation is derived solely from the
advisory fees a Client pays Apella, as outlined in the advisory agreement, which may include advisory
fees paid to Apella for the provision of advisory services on certain insurance products. However, DPL
may charge a platform or access fee to our firm, which is not passed on to clients unless explicitly
disclosed.
If an insurance product is implemented through DPL, the cost of the product itself (e.g., premiums, internal
expenses) is determined by the issuing insurance carrier and disclosed in the product documentation. We
will review all costs with you prior to implementation and ensure that any recommendation is in your best
interest.
QUALIFIED RETIREMENT PLAN FEES
Apella IARs charge an annual fee for accounts in a retirement program. The fee is negotiable, but will not
be over the maximum fee allowed, which is 0.80%.
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In addition, Apella IARs charge a separate fee on assets in the Apella Select Program. The standard fee is
0.25% on assets under management within the program. This fee is in addition to the standard advisory
fees described above.
For Retirement Plan Advisory Services compensation, Apella charges an advisory fee as negotiated with
the Plan Sponsor and as disclosed in the Employer-Sponsored Retirement Plans Consulting Agreement
(“Plan Sponsor Agreement”).
Typically, the billing period for these fees is paid quarterly. This fee is negotiable, but the terms and
advisory fee are agreed upon in advance and acknowledged by the Plan Sponsor Agreement or Plan
Provider’s account agreement. Fee billing methods vary depending on the Plan Provider.
Apella or the Plan Sponsor may terminate the Agreement upon 30 days’ written notice to the other party.
The Plan Sponsor is responsible for paying for the services rendered until the termination of the
Agreement.
TAX PLANNING SERVICE FEES
The fee for tax planning services is negotiated and is dependent on the complexity and work involved.
The fee for a custom tax analysis will be determined based on the complexity of the Client situation. A fee
will be quoted and agreed upon before work commences. The fee is collected ½ up front and ½ upon
delivery and review of the plan.
The fee for tax return preparation is based on time spent preparing the Client’s returns and will be
submitted to the Client for payment when the tax return is complete.
B. PAYMENT OF FEES
BILLING IN ADVANCE
Certain Apella clients are billed quarterly in advance, based on the quarter-end values of a Client’s
account on the last trading day of the previous quarter. Advance-billed clients will be charged a
partial fee for the first quarter calculated in arrears. The first quarter fee will be based on the Client’s
initial assets under management (discretionary) or advisement (non-discretionary) and pro- rated
from the latter to occur of 1) the date the assets are transferred into the custodial account or 2) the
date of the Investment Advisory Agreement. In the event non-discretionary assets are not held
with an Apella-approved custodian, such pro-rated billing will begin on the date of the Investment
Advisory Agreement. Accounts closed mid-quarter will receive a pro-rated rebate. For clients
billed based on prior period-end account values, there is no adjustment made to Apella’s fee as a
result of increases or decreases in account values during the billing period. Fees payable upon
establishment or termination of the account will be prorated for the portion of the billing period
during which the account is managed. A prorated refund will be given to the Client if the
relationship is terminated after fee payment and prior to the end of the billing period. Investments
in pooled investments made in client accounts, whether in mutual funds, exchange traded funds,
limited partnerships, or other structures, will include their own fees and expenses, including
management and fund administration fees, among others (as more fully described below). A
complete explanation of all fees and expenses charged by commingled funds is contained in each
fund’s offering documents, which should be read carefully.
As explained above, Apella has clients whose fees are deducted in advance. The first full quarter is
calculated in advance based on the quarter-end values of a Client’s account on the last trading
day of the previous quarter. The first quarter fee will be based on the Client’s initial assets under
management and pro-rated from the date the assets are traded in the account. Clients will be
charged a partial fee for the first quarter calculated in arrears. Accounts closed mid-quarter will
receive a pro-rated rebate.
BILLING IN ARREARS
Certain other Apella clients are billed quarterly in arrears, based on the quarter-end values of a
Client’s account on the last trading day of the quarter. The first quarter fee will be based on the
Client’s initial assets under management and pro-rated from the date the assets are traded in the
account. Should an account be terminated, the fee will be calculated based on the ending value of
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the previous day’s market value. Per the advisory contract, the Client directs the Firm to direct the
custodian to deduct fees from the account.
BILLING BASED ON AVERAGE DAILY BALANCE
Certain Apella clients are billed based on average daily balance. An account’s “average daily
balance” is determined by combining each day’s account balance for the prior billing period and
then dividing that total by the number of days in the period. For purposes of billing, the average
daily balance is used as the account value on which the advisory fee is based. Whether billed in
advance or arrears, the average daily balance is calculated over the period preceding the billing
date.
The Client, depending on the custodian, may request that related accounts be combined in order
to meet fee break points and reduce the advisory fee charged. Apella will evaluate such requests
on a case-by-case basis. Apella reserves the right to waive the advisory fee for certain accounts,
such as but not limited to, employee accounts. The standard fee schedules and minimum account
sizes indicated for the investment management services are negotiable, and as a result, clients
with similar assets may have differing fee schedules and pay different fees. Clients who negotiate a
flat fee schedule may or may not pay a higher fee than those who pay under a tiered schedule,
depending on asset levels. Clients will be charged a fee on all assets (securities, cash, and cash
equivalents), in the account unless otherwise agreed upon between parties.
In the event Apella manages multiple related accounts, Apella and the Client may designate
specific account(s) to deduct advisory fees for the Client relationship.
Cash and cash equivalents, including money market funds, are subject to the agreed-upon
advisory fee. Clients should understand that the advisory fees charged on these balances may
exceed the returns provided by cash, cash equivalents, or money market funds, especially in low-
interest rate environments.
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT FEE PAYMENT
Apella retains complete discretion to negotiate fees and may waive or impose different fees on
any Client. The Client will authorize the account's qualified Custodian(s) to deduct fees from the
account and pay such fees directly to Apella. All account assets, transactions, and advisory fees
will be shown on the monthly or quarterly statements provided by the Custodian. The Client
should review their account statements received from the qualified Custodian(s) and verify that
appropriate investment advisory fees are being deducted. The qualified Custodian(s) will not verify
the accuracy of the investment advisory fees deducted. Apella may aggregate related Client
accounts to calculate the advisory fee applicable to the Client. The investment management
agreement will outline the fee charged to a Client and any breakpoints based on the level of
assets managed. The fees are subject to change with prior written notice to the Client.
APELLA SELECT FEE PAYMENT
Clients are charged a fee of up to 25 basis points (0.25%) for portfolio management services. In
addition, there is an extra fee of 0.05% for tax overlay services. These fees are charged in addition
to the standard Apella Advisory fee. All fees are fully disclosed in the client agreement and may
vary based on the services provided.
TURNKEY ASSET MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (“TAMP”) FEE PAYMENT
The total fee for Betterment and our Firm will be deducted quarterly in advance from the Client’s
account by the custodian and paid to Betterment. Betterment will retain its portion of the fee and
then send the remainder of the advisory fee to our Firm.
HELD AWAY PORTFOLIO ADVICE FEE PAYMENT
PONTERA
Apella will bill on Held Away Accounts in a manner and frequency as described in the Client’s Investment
Advisory Agreement. Typically, fees for advisory services on Held Away Accounts will be billed to one or
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more of Clients managed accounts. In the alternative, Client may arrange for invoicing and payment via
Adviser Pay.
INDEPENDENT SUB-ADVISORY AND THIRD-PARTY MANAGER SERVICE FEE PAYMENT
Fees for sub-advisory services are typically billed to Client’s managed account(s) and remitted to
the respective sub-advisor.
FINANCIAL PLANNING AND CONSULTING SERVICE FEE PAYMENT
The Client may pay the fees owed for the financial planning services by submitting payment
directly via Adviser Pay, Check, or by deducting the fee from an existing investment account. If the
Client elects to pay by automatic deduction from an existing investment account, they will provide
written authorization to our Firm for such a charge.
BETTERMENT
Clients engaging with the Firm through Betterment for Advisors will have their assets held at Betterment
Securities and may be subject to additional terms and disclosures provided by Betterment. The Firm does
not receive compensation from Betterment for recommending their services.
Clients utilizing Betterment for Advisors will pay an advisory fee to the Firm, as disclosed in their client
agreement. In addition, Betterment charges a platform fee for its services, which is separate from and in
addition to the Firm’s advisory fee. These fees are typically deducted directly from client accounts.
The Firm’s fee schedule and Betterment’s platform fees are fully disclosed in the client agreement and
may vary depending on the level of assets under management.
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES PROVIDED BY ORION ADVISER SERVICES, LLC
Apella has contracted with Orion Adviser Services, LLC (referred to as “Orion”) to utilize its
technology platforms to support data reconciliation, performance reporting, fee calculation and
billing, research, client database maintenance, quarterly performance evaluations, payable
reports, web site administration, models, trading platforms, and other functions related to the
administrative tasks of managing client accounts. Due to this arrangement, Orion will have access
to client accounts, but Orion will not serve as an investment adviser to our clients. Modern Wealth
Management and ORION are non-affiliated companies. Orion charges our Firm an annual fee for
each account administered by Orion. Please note that the advisory fee charged to the Client will
not increase due to the annual fee our Firm pays to Orion. The annual fee is paid from the portion
of the management fee retained by our Firm.
C. CLIENT RESPONSIBILITY FOR THIRD PARTY FEES
ADDITIONAL FEES & EXPENSES
In addition to the advisory fees paid to Apella, clients also incur certain charges imposed by other
third parties, such as broker-dealers, Custodians, trust companies, banks, and other financial
institutions. These additional charges include securities, transaction fees, custodial fees, fees
charged by the SMA, ITPM, and Manager charges imposed by a mutual fund or ETF (Exchange
Traded Funds) in a Client’s account, as disclosed in the fund’s prospectus (e.g., fund management
fees and other fund expenses), deferred sales charges, odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes, wire
transfer and electronic fund fees, and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities
transactions. Our brokerage practices are described at length in Item 12 below. Neither Apella nor
its supervised persons accept commission compensation for selling securities or other investment
products. Further, we do not share any additional fees and expenses outlined above.
Apella’s investment strategies may include mutual and exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”). Our policy
is to purchase institutional share classes of those mutual funds selected for the Client’s portfolio.
The institutional share class generally has the lowest expense ratio. The expense ratio is the
annual fee that all mutual funds or ETFs charge their shareholders. It expresses the percentage of
assets deducted each fiscal year for funds expenses, including 12b-1 fees, management fees,
administrative fees, operating costs, and all other asset-based costs incurred by the fund. Some
fund families offer different classes of the same fund, and one share class may have a lower
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expense ratio than another. Mutual fund expense ratios are in addition to our fees; we do not
receive any portion of these charges. If an institutional share class is not available for the mutual
fund selected, the adviser will purchase the least expensive share class available for the mutual
fund. As share classes with lower expense ratios become available, we may use them in the
Client’s portfolio or convert the existing mutual fund position to the lower-cost share class. Clients
who transfer mutual funds into their accounts with our Firm would bear the expense of any
contingent or deferred sales loads incurred upon selling the product. If a mutual fund has a
frequent trading policy, the policy can limit a Client’s transactions in fund shares (e.g., for
rebalancing, liquidations, deposits, or tax harvesting). All mutual fund expenses and fees are
disclosed in the respective mutual fund prospectus.
When selecting investments for our clients’ portfolios, we might choose mutual funds from a
Client’s account Custodian’s Non-Transaction Fee (NTF) list. This means that the Custodian will not
charge a transaction fee or commission associated with the purchase or sale of the mutual fund.
The mutual fund companies that choose to participate in the Client’s Custodial NTF fund program
pay a fee to the Custodian to be included in the NTF program. The mutual fund owners bear the
fee that a company pays to participate in the program, as captured in the fund’s expense ratio.
When choosing a fund from the Client’s Custodial NTF list, we consider the expected holding
period, position size, and expense ratio versus alternative funds. Depending on our analysis and
future events, NTF funds might not always be in the Client’s best interest.
POOLED INVESTMENT FEES/EXPENSES
Fees paid to Apella for investment advisory services are separate and distinct from the fees and
expenses charged by underlying pooled investments such as mutual funds and exchange traded
funds. In the case of mutual funds, these fees and expenses are described in each fund’s
prospectus. These fees will generally include a management fee, other fund expenses, and
possible distribution fee. By policy, Apella does not use mutual funds that charge sales charges or
distribution fees. Expenses of a fund, including management fees payable to the mutual fund
manager and other expenses, will not appear as transaction fees on a client’s Apella statement, as
they are deducted from the value of the fund shares by the mutual fund service provider.
Shareholder fees are fees charged directly to mutual fund investors in connection with trans-
actions such as buying, selling, or exchanging shares, or on a periodic basis with respect to
account fees. An investor can find these fees and charges listed in the “Fee Table” section of a
mutual fund’s prospectus or summary prospectus under the heading “Shareholder Fees.” ETFs do
not charge these fees directly to investors, but they may have several types of trans- action fees
and costs.
Operating expenses are ongoing mutual fund and ETF costs such as investment advisory fees for
managing the fund’s holdings, marketing, and distribution expenses, as well as custodial, transfer
agency, legal and accountant’s fees. Operating expenses are regular and recurring fund-wide
expenses that are typically paid out of fund assets, which means that investors indirectly pay these
costs. These expenses are identified in the “Fee Table” section of a mutual funds or ETF’s
prospectus or summary prospectus under the heading “Annual Fund Operating Expenses.”
Certain mutual funds charge an early redemption fee if fund shares are sold prior to the particular
fund’s required holding period. Clients should refer to each fund’s prospectus for specific
information regarding early redemption fees.
CUSTODIAL AND TRANSACTION FEES AND EXPENSES
Clients will incur certain charges imposed by financial institutions and other third parties such as
custodial fees, transfer taxes, wire transfer and electronic fund fees, and other fees and taxes on
broker- age accounts and securities transactions. Additionally, clients may incur brokerage
commissions and transaction fees. Such charges, fees and commissions are exclusive of and in
addition to the Apella asset-based fee. Please refer to the charts below for custodian fee
information.
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*The custodian’s fee information presented is based on sources deemed to be reliable and
accurate at the time of publication. Readers are advised to verify any information before making
any financial decisions. Apella is not affiliated with any custodian.
Charles Schwab Fees
Fidelity Fees
AXOS Fees
Asset-Based Pricing Only:
• 3 bps per account.
Asset Based Pricing:
• 3.5 bls quarterly, based on average
daily balance, billed in arrear
Custodian
Fees per
Account
Asset-Based Pricing:
$0 to $50,000 – 7 bps
$50,001 to $100,000 – 6 bps
$100,001 to $250,000 – 5 bps
$250,001 to $500,000 - 4 bps
Over $500,000- 3 bps
$5 minimum monthly fee
Transaction Based Pricing:
• Mutual Funds: $30 per trade
• Equities/ETFs: $0 (+$0.01/share if trade
is over 10,000 shares) if household is
$1M+ and signed up for eDelivery of
statements and confirms.
• $4.95 per trade (+$0.01/share if trade is
Transaction-Based Pricing:
• Mutual Fund Trade $9.99 for DFA
funds; $20.00 or $30.00 for other
mutual funds
• Equity/ETF Trade $0 /trade
over 10,000 shares) if under $1M
household and no eDelivery
Distribution
Fees
• ACH: No Fee
• Wire: $15.00
• Overnight Delivery of Check: $8.00
• ACH: No fee
• Wire: No fee
• Overnight Delivery of
• Check – No Fee
• Overnight Check Delivery - $8.50
• Wire - $25.00
• MoneyLink (ACH) - No Fee
Check: $20.00
• $75.00 per account
Termination
Fees
• Proceeds Sent to Client – No Fee*
• Full Transfer Out - $50.00
• Partial Transfer Out – No Fee
• IRA and Fidelity Retirement Plans:
$125.00
• Nonretirement accounts: $75.00
• HSA: $25.00
Delivery charge may apply (i.e., wire or
overnight fee)
Depending on the custodian, employees of Apella may benefit from lower transaction and
custodial fees relative to those fees paid by clients.
D. PREPAYMENT OF FEES
Accounts initiated or terminated during a calendar quarter will be charged a prorated fee based on the days
the Client account was open during that quarter. Any prepaid, unearned fees will be refunded upon
termination of any account. Effective April 1, 2023, Apella and its IARs will no longer participate in insurance
referrals.
While certain Apella IARs are licensed insurance agents, Apella does not sell any transaction-based
securities or insurance products. Nor does Apella receive any asset-based sales charges or service fees
from the sales of mutual funds that are in addition to the investment management asset-based fee
described above.
E. OUTSIDE COMPENSATION FOR THE SALES OF SECURITIES TO CLIENTS
There is nothing to disclose related to this item.
ITEM 6 - PERFORMANCE- BASED FEES & SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT
Performance-based fees are based on a share of capital gains on or appreciation of the assets in a Client’s
account. Our Firm does not charge performance-based or other fees based on a share of capital gains or
appreciation of a Client's assets.
ITEM 7 - TYPES OF CLIENTS
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Apella manages portfolios for individuals, high-net-worth individuals and families, estates, trusts,
foundations, endowments and charitable foundations, retirement plans, corporations, and other business
entities, pension plans, 401k, 403b and similar account structures, among other types of clients. We
provide investment management and advisory services to multi-generational families using separately
managed accounts under a custodial relationship with an independent brokerage firm. The model
strategies utilized by Apella IARs cover a range of investment strategies that include equity and fixed
income allocations in varying percentages. The various model strategies are generally composed of
pooled investments including mutual funds, exchange traded funds, and other similar registered
products.
Apella requires a minimum initial account value of $500,000 to engage us for services discussed in this
brochure. However, sometimes, at our sole discretion, we may accept smaller accounts based on various
criteria, such as anticipated future assets, related accounts, and other individual Client circumstances.
GENERAL INFORMATION ON PORTFOLIOS
There is typically a cash position in each portfolio. The cash positions will be invested in a money
market fund, which will vary depending on the custodian.
Changes to portfolio holdings which comprise the portfolios may have tax consequences. If a
client sells assets in a taxable account, they may have to pay tax on any gain. While Apella seeks to
mitigate tax exposure, when possible, clients may incur a taxable event in connection with Apella’s
management of their portfolios.
MUTUAL FUND PORTFOLIOS
Clients’ investments may not match exactly the target allocations for the applicable model portfolio
due to a variety of implementation factors, including but not limited to:
the custodian or trading platform’s own trading algorithm;
•
• any changes in price from the time the positions are calculated to the time they are
actually traded;
• certain custodians may eliminate positions with small allocations; and, Apella may
determine not to implement, for a given client, changes made to the applicable model
portfolio due to client-specific factors, such as the desire to avoid realizing capital gains or
otherwise.
The holdings comprising the model portfolios and the allocations to those holdings have changed
over time and may change in the future.
Please be advised that a Mutual Fund Portfolio which utilizes Vanguard mutual funds would
subject investors to the funds’ frequent trading limitations.
ETF PORTFOLIOS
Clients’ investments may not match exactly the target allocations for the applicable model portfolio
due to a variety of implementation factors, including but not limited to:
the custodian or trading platform’s own trading algorithm;
•
• any changes in price from the time the positions are calculated to the time they are
actually traded;
the fact that ETFs can only be purchased in whole shares:
•
• certain custodians may eliminate positions with small allocations entirely and Apella may
also determine not to implement, for a given client, changes made to the applicable
model portfolio due to client-specific factors, such as the desire to avoid realizing capital
gains or otherwise.
The holdings comprising the model portfolios and the allocations to those holdings have changed
over time and may change in the future.
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OPERATIONAL REQUESTS
Apella has adopted the following operational protocols which may affect the processing of a
client’s account and requests.
Some requests, including, but not limited to, distributions and liquidations, will ordinarily be
processed on the same day if received by Apella, in good order, by 12 noon EST. All requests
received after 12 noon EST will be handled on a best-efforts basis.
Please note that Apella will use its best efforts to invest deposits and process model change
requests within 5 business days of receipt. Distributions from accounts may take up to 10 business
days from receipt of request due to settlement dates, administrative duties, and other involved
institutions’ various timelines. Please note that distributions or transfers related to the closing of an
account may take up to 30 business days.
Upon termination of an account, the custodian and/or Firm to which the client is transferring their
account to may not be able to hold the funds in which the client is currently invested.
ITEM 8 - METHODS OF ANALYSIS, STRATEGIES, & RISK OF LOSS
A. METHODS OF ANALYSIS & INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
Apella uses a variety of investment approaches and techniques in managing client portfolios, with an
emphasis on the use of quantitative research and proprietary models to manage accounts, and to monitor
selected investments and performance against internal parameters. Apella primarily utilizes model
strategies designed internally and in collaboration with external partners to cover a wide range of
investment objectives, risk tolerances, and time horizons, while individually providing managed
investment allocations more closely tailored to a particular investor profile. The strategies vary in their
equity and fixed income exposures – and, within the equity allocations, further variance with respect to
market capitalization and style – and, within the fixed income allocations, further variance in credit quality
and duration.
Apella employs proprietary and third-party technology platforms, including quantitative modeling and
optimization software, to assist in portfolio construction, risk analysis, tax management, and performance
reporting. These tools generate recommendations based on client objectives, market data, and
algorithmic processes. All investment decisions remain the sole responsibility of Apella, which reviews
and approves outputs prior to implementation. Reliance on such technology introduces model risk, data
quality risk, and potential operational disruptions, which may affect portfolio outcomes.
Apella IARs manage the assets in client accounts and may invest a portion or all of a client’s assets in
accordance with model strategies. IARs may also customize portfolios to better address the client’s stated
investment objective, including but not limited to, tax sensitivity, allocation criteria, and liquidity
requirements. In some cases, when a client account is transitioned to Apella through one of Apella’s office
location locations, the client may remain in their legacy portfolio and continue to have that portfolio
managed by Apella. The Firm may use other funds and/or other investment vehicles apart from those
mentioned in this section based on the client’s unique circumstances. However, the primary investment
vehicles utilized by Apella are mutual funds or exchange traded funds and the primary methodology is
model based. Risks associated with these various vehicles are identified in Item 8.B, below.
Our Investment Advisory Representatives will generally use the following analysis methods to formulate
investment advice and manage Client assets. However, each IAR can manage its Client’s account as
necessary, and their specific analysis method may vary from below. Clients should acknowledge that
investing in securities involves the risk of loss, regardless of the strategies, that Clients should be
prepared to bear.
METHODS OF ANALYSIS
TECHNICAL ANALYSIS
Technical analysis is a form of security analysis that uses price and volume data, typically displayed
graphically in charts. The charts are analyzed using various indicators to make investment
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recommendations. Technical analysis has three main principles and assumptions: (1) The market
discounts everything, (2) prices move in trends and countertrends, and (3) price action is repetitive, with
specific patterns recurring.
CYCLICAL ANALYSIS
In this type of technical analysis, we measure the movements of a particular stock against the overall
market to predict the security price movement.
CHARTING ANALYSIS
In this type of technical analysis, we review market and security activity charts to identify when the market
is moving up or down and to predict how long the trend may last and when that trend might reverse.
FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS
Fundamental analysis attempts to identify stocks offering sturdy growth potential at a competitive price
by examining the underlying company's business and conditions within its industry or the broader
economy. Investors have traditionally used fundamental analysis for longer-term trades, relying on
metrics such as earnings per share, price-to-earnings ratio, price-to-earnings growth, and dividend yield.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
Apella uses a proprietary optimization model that takes historical price performance, quantitative risk
metrics, and several other data points such as inputs and attempts to recommend securities that will
enhance the overall risk-reward characteristic of the whole portfolio.
MUTUAL FUND OR ETF ANALYSIS
Apella examines the experience and track record of the Manager of the mutual fund or ETF to determine
if that Manager has demonstrated an ability to invest over a period of time and in different economic
conditions.
Apella also looks at the underlying assets in a mutual fund or ETF to determine if there is a significant
overlap in the underlying investments held in other funds in the Client’s portfolio. Our Firm also monitors
the funds or ETFs to determine if they continue to follow their stated investment strategy.
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
Model portfolios incorporate multiple factors, or sources of an expected return premium, which
are relevant to multiple asset classes and all geographic regions. These model portfolios are
comprised of open-end mutual funds and/or ETFs offered by unaffiliated investment companies.
Apella’s equity strategies are primarily factor-based, broadly diversified across global markets,
and do not engage in market timing, or stock picking outside of what is entailed in the factor
orientation of the portfolios.
Apella’s fixed income strategies are primarily focused on investment grade securities, but could
include below investment grade, or High Yield, allocations up to approximately its share of the
overall market in higher equity allocation portfolios.
The degree of interest rate risk, diversification among credit qualities, and inclusion of foreign
bond issues (whose foreign currency risk is largely hedged back to the U.S. dollar) increases
across the asset allocation spectrum as investor’s risk tolerance increases. Apella’s fixed income
allocations for tax-sensitive investors typically include a large proportion of municipal bonds due
to the largely tax-exempt nature income from these securities.
Apella does overweight or underweight at the asset class level in an effort to capture factor
premiums that academic research has shown have historically been available.
The methods of analysis and investment strategies are based on academic research into optimal
investing, with an emphasis on Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) and Quantitative Methods of
Analysis that extend from MPT. The analysis methods may include the use of MPT metrics such as
return, standard deviation, and Sharpe Ratio, etc. Please see definitions of these terms below.
Apella’s investment strategies consist of equity, fixed income components (or one or the other),
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and possibly also alternatives, and are comprised of open-end mutual funds, exchange traded
funds, and sub-advised accounts.
Apella may use any of the following investment strategies when managing Client assets and
providing investment advice:
MODERN PORTFOLIO THEORY
Modern Portfolio Theory is a method for investing assets in such a way as to maximize the amount of
return offered by the investment per unit of risk taken.
MPT Metrics: Modern Portfolio Theory metrics include return, standard deviation, and Sharpe Ratio.
Return: A measure of the amount the investment has earned as a percentage of the amount that was
invested.
Standard Deviation: A measure of volatility or the dispersion of returns that the investment has
experienced. A high standard deviation indicates a wide dispersion, which is considered to indicate a
higher risk than an investment with a low standard deviation.
Sharpe Ratio: A measure that combines return and standard deviation in an attempt to show the client
the amount of return the investment offered for the level of risk that was taken. Specifically, Sharpe ratio
measures the return of the investment over and above the return that could have been obtained in a
relatively risk-free investment instrument (such as Treasury Bills), divided by the standard deviation of that
additional return.
QUANTITATIVE METHODS OF ANALYSIS
Apella employs quantitative investment analysis techniques to both make its asset allocation decisions and
to assess ex post-performance of these asset allocation models. Regression analysis and holdings-based
analysis are the quantitative analysis methods used by Apella that are significant.
Regression Analysis: A statistical measure that attempts to determine whether there is a relationship
between two or more variables. Regression analysis is often used to determine whether the behavior of
one investment asset is dependent upon the behavior of one or more other assets, by quantitatively
analyzing their returns. For example, whether the performance of a certain mutual fund is dependent
upon the performance of the stock market in general.
Holdings-Based Analysis: An analysis of fund holdings that allocates underlying securities to various
segments based on chosen characteristics and measures how different the weight of the fund’s allocation
to that segment is from the benchmark’s weight to that segment.
APELLA SELECT
Apella Select services includes two distinct separately managed account (SMA) options. The Investable
Index Series targets popular equity indexes, while the Multi-Factor Strategies are designed to capture
multi-factor strategies comprised of individual stocks and ADRs.
INVESTABLE INDEX SERIES
Our Investable Index Series was designed to provide Apella clients with Model
options that behave in a manner similar to a broad-market index while, at the same
time, allowing for customization and active overlay management techniques
through individual security ownership.
MULTI-FACTOR STRATEGIES
Our Multi-Factor Strategies are comprised of broadly diversified investment
solutions that include individual stocks and ADRs. These portfolios are constructed
based on quantitative rules-based methods that seek to capture specific factor
premiums, such as Value, Momentum and Profitability, and will rebalance on a
regular basis to maintain intended diversification and factor exposures. Portfolios of
individual securities may be the appropriate solution for clients with tastes and
preferences or needs that are better met by these portfolios. The current offering
includes strategies that cover the United States,
International, and Global
geographies and can include factors such as Value, Momentum, and Profitability (or
Quality).
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The Apella Investment Advisor Representative may utilize either of these Models to serve
several construction objectives inside client portfolios. The IAR may wish to use these
Models as a core module inside of a larger core/satellite portfolio. These Models may also
be suitable as a starting point to express a Client's preferences for lifestyle- or religious-
specific customizations that could otherwise not be expressed through a pooled vehicle
such as an ETF or Mutual Fund. Finally, these Models may be utilized as a tax-aware module
within a Client’s portfolio where specific tax lots of individual securities may be loss-
harvested (see Tax Overlay Management Services) while at the same time demonstrating
index-like tracking characteristics. While the Models themselves are not managed in a tax
sensitive fashion, the structure does help facilitate more effective tax management from the
dispersion among a sample of the constituents securities of an index as well as the potential
for various tax lots for these securities.
COMPLETION PORTFOLIOS
As noted above, the Investable Index Series offers investment solutions that closely
track the performance of indices. In some cases, those solutions may not represent
the entirety of a client’s appropriate investment solution. As such, Apella may offer
model portfolios of mutual funds or ETFs that are intended to be paired with various
solutions offered in the Investable Index Series in order to achieve a total portfolio
solution consistent with a Client’s needs. Examples of what may be included in
Completion Portfolios include Emerging Market equity, small and micro-cap equity,
high-turnover factor strategies like momentum, and other sub-strategies of a
portfolio that may not be offered in the Investable Index Series.
TAX OVERLAY MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Apella can provide Tax Overlay Management services to Apella Select accounts. In
providing Tax Overlay Management services, we consider the tax consequences of
transactions in a Client's account and will adjust our services accordingly. We
attempt to accomplish tax-aware investment management through gain-loss
matching, harvesting losses and/ or gains, deferring gains until securities reach
preferential tax status, and avoiding imprudent wash sale transactions to improve
the after- tax return while staying as consistent as possible with the risk/return
characteristics of your account’s Strategy.
Our ability to improve your after-tax return depends on various factors beyond our
control including economic and market conditions, regulatory changes, actions
taken by the Client's custodian broker-dealer, the specifics of your account’s
strategy, the Client’s starting portfolio, tax circumstances, and mandates as
communicated by IAR. Tax Overlay Management may cause the actual performance
in a Client’s account to vary from the "stated" performance of the Strategy’s Manager.
Tax Overlay Management services are provided in connection with the Apella Select
Program and to financial planning clients who receive services from one of Apella’s
appropriately credentialed IARs. We do not provide general tax planning advice or
services outside of these types of client engagements unless the client has hired
the Firm for comprehensive financial planning. To provide Tax Overlay Management
services, we rely solely on the information provided by the Client and their custodian
broker-dealer. If that information is inaccurate, incomplete, or not timely, our ability
to provide Tax Overlay Management may be adversely affected. We make no
guaranty that taxes in in a particular account will be reduced. If an account contains
mutual funds and/or exchange traded funds (“ETFs”), our Tax Overlay Management
services are generally applied on the portion of the account containing equity
securities and not to the portion that consists predominantly of mutual funds and/or
ETFs.
By default, accounts are managed without Tax Overlay Management Services
unless specifically selected by your Financial Advisor. Please note that with Apella
Select there are minimum investment levels.
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WASMER SCHRODER
Wasmer Schroeder Strategies, offered by Schwab Asset Management, provide a range of fixed-income
investment options for investors seeking diversification and income generation. These strategies are
actively managed through separately managed accounts (SMAs) and include both taxable and tax-
exempt options.
Key Features:
• Actively Managed: Experienced portfolio managers make investment decisions
based on market analysis and research.
• Separately Managed Accounts (SMAs): Portfolios are tailored to individual
investor needs and goals.
• Taxable and Tax-Exempt Options: Choose strategies based on your tax situation.
• Diverse Investment Styles: Options span the duration, credit, and liquidity
spectrums.
Taxable Strategies:
• Short Duration Bond: Invests in short-term bonds for stability and liquidity.
•
Intermediate Bond: Focuses on intermediate-term bonds for a balance of
income and risk.
• Core Investment Grade Credit: Targets high-quality corporate bonds for a stable
income stream.
• Positive Impact Intermediate Bond: Invests in bonds that align with
environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors.
QUANTINNO:
Quantinno is a registered investment adviser and financial technology company that specializes in tax-
loss harvesting and portfolio management strategies. One of their key offerings is a long/short extension
strategy designed to enhance traditional tax-loss harvesting approaches.
Tax-Loss Harvesting:
• This is a strategy where investors sell assets that have lost value to offset capital
gains taxes on assets that have gained value.
It helps reduce your overall tax burden and potentially improve after-tax returns.
•
Long/Short Extension:
• Quantinno’ s approach involves adding a long/short component to a traditional
long-only portfolio.
• Long positions: These are stocks that Quantinno believes will increase in value.
• Short positions: These are stocks that Quantinno believes will decrease in value.
By selling these stocks short, they profit if the price goes down.
MODEL MANAGER
Apella examines the Manager's experience, expertise, investment philosophies, and past performance to
determine if that Manager has demonstrated an ability to invest overtime and in different economic
conditions. Apella monitors the Manager’s underlying holdings, strategies, concentrations, and leverage
as part of our Firm’s periodic risk assessment. Additionally, as part of our due diligence process, Apella
surveys the Manager’s compliance and business enterprise risks.
LONG-TERM HOLDING
Apella purchases securities with the intent to hold them in the Client's account long-term (longer than one
year). In extreme circumstances, we may be forced to sell a fund completely within a year of buying it. An
example would be a fund Manager resigning, and we do not have confidence in the new management.
Also, fund positions may be trimmed occasionally to rebalance the portfolio.
STRATEGIC ASSET ALLOCATION
The primary investment strategy used by Apella is based on the diversification of the Client's assets
among various investment vehicles and asset classes, popularly termed "Asset Allocation." Apella's
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recommendations focus primarily on achieving a diversified portfolio of investment assets with desirable
risk and return characteristics. We meet regularly to evaluate new and reevaluate existing investment
opportunities. During these meetings, we deliberate on issues regarding the proper allocation of Client
assets based on current conditions.
TACTICAL ASSET ALLOCATION
Tactical asset allocation is an active management portfolio strategy that shifts the percentage of assets
held in various categories to take advantage of market pricing anomalies or strong market sectors. This
strategy allows portfolio Managers to create extra value by taking advantage of certain situations in the
marketplace. It is a moderately active strategy since Managers return to the portfolio's original asset mix
once reaching the desired short-term profits.
VALUE INVESTING
Value investing is buying stocks that trade at a significant discount to their intrinsic value. Value investors
achieve this by looking for companies on cheap valuation metrics, typically low multiples of their profits or
assets, for reasons not justified over the longer term. This approach requires a contrarian mindset and a
long-term investment horizon.
Value investing seeks to exploit the irrational behavior of emotional investors. Emotion is a constant
feature of investment markets through time. While the companies available to stock market investors
change from decade to decade, the human nature of the investors does not. Fear and greed remain ever-
present and frequently lead to poor investment decisions based on perception and emotion rather than
reality. Periodically these mispricings can become extreme (e.g., the tech bubble of the 1990s or,
conversely, the great depression of the 1930s); however, they exist to a greater or lesser extent in most
markets. This creates an opportunity for long-term value investors.
B. MATERIAL RISKS INVOLVED
RISKS FOR ALL FORMS OF ANALYSIS
Apella’s securities analysis method relies on the assumption that the companies whose securities
we purchase and sell, the rating agencies that review these securities, and other publicly available
sources of information about these securities, are providing accurate and unbiased data. While we
are alert to indications that data may be incorrect, there is always a risk that the analysis may be
compromised by inaccurate or misleading information.
METHODS OF ANALYSIS
TECHNICAL ANALYSIS RISKS
Technical analysis does not consider the underlying financial condition of a company. This presents a risk
because a poorly managed or financially unsound company may underperform regardless of market
movement.
FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS RISKS
Fundamental analysis concentrates on factors that determine a company’s value and expected future
earnings. This strategy would normally encourage equity purchases in stocks that are undervalued or
priced below their perceived value. The risk assumed is that the market will fail to reach expectations of
perceived value.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS RISKS
Investment strategies using quantitative models risk that the investments may perform differently than
expected as a result of, among other things, the factors used in the models, the weight placed on each
factor, changes from the factors’ historical trends, and technical issues in the construction and
implementation of the models.
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
MODEL MANAGER RISKS
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Apella examines the Manager's experience, expertise, investment philosophies, and past performance to
determine if that Manager has demonstrated an ability to invest overtime and in different economic
conditions. Apella monitors the Manager’s underlying holdings, strategies, concentrations, and leverage
as part of our periodic risk assessment. Additionally, as part of our due diligence process, we survey the
Manager’s compliance and business enterprise risks.
LONG-TERM HOLDING RISKS
A risk in a long-term purchase strategy is that holding the security for this length of time may decline in
value before we decide to sell. We do not guarantee the future performance of the account or any
specific level of performance, the success of any investment decision or strategy we may use, or the
success of the overall management of the account. The Client understands that the investment decisions
we make for the Client’s account are subject to various market, currency, economic, political, and
business risks and that those investment decisions will not always be profitable. Clients are reminded that
investing in any security entails the risk of loss, which they should be willing to bear.
STRATEGIC ASSET ALLOCATION RISK
The primary investment strategy used by Apella is based on the diversification of the Client's assets
among various investment vehicles and asset classes, popularly termed "Asset Allocation." Our
recommendations focus primarily on achieving a diversified portfolio of investment assets with desirable
risk and return characteristics. We meet regularly to evaluate new and reevaluate existing investment
opportunities. During these meetings, we deliberate on issues regarding the proper allocation of Client
assets based on current conditions.
TACTICAL ASSET ALLOCATION RISK
Tactical asset allocation is an active management portfolio strategy that shifts the percentage of assets
held in various categories to take advantage of market pricing anomalies or strong market sectors. This
strategy allows portfolio Managers to create extra value by taking advantage of certain situations in the
marketplace. It is a moderately active strategy since Managers return to the portfolio's original asset mix
once reaching the desired short-term profits.
VALUE INVESTING RISK
Value investing is buying stocks that trade at a significant discount to their intrinsic value. Value investors
achieve this by looking for companies on cheap valuation metrics, typically low multiples of their profits or
assets, for reasons not justified over the longer term. This approach requires a contrarian mindset and a
long-term investment horizon.
Value investing seeks to exploit the irrational behavior of emotional investors. Emotion is a constant
feature of investment markets through time. While the companies available to stock market investors
change from decade to decade, the human nature of the investors does not. Fear and greed remain ever-
present and frequently lead to poor investment decisions based on perception and emotion rather than
reality. Periodically these mispricings can become extreme (e.g., the tech bubble of the 1990s or,
conversely, the great depression of the 1930s); however, they exist to a greater or lesser extent in most
markets. This creates an opportunity for long-term value investors.
RISK OF LOSS
A Client’s investment portfolio is affected by general economic and market conditions, such as interest
rates, availability of credit, inflation rates, economic conditions, changes in laws, and national and
international political circumstances.
Investing in securities involves certain investment risks. Securities may fluctuate in value or lose value.
Clients should be prepared to bear the potential risk of loss. Our Firm will assist Clients in determining an
appropriate strategy based on their tolerance for risk.
While we are alert to indications that data may be incorrect, there is always a risk that our analysis may be
compromised by inaccurate or misleading information.
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ACTIVE MANAGEMENT RISK
Due to its active management, a portfolio could underperform other portfolios with similar investment
objectives or strategies.
ALLOCATION RISK
A portfolio may use an asset allocation strategy to pursue its investment objective. There is a risk that a
portfolio’s allocation among asset classes or investments will cause a portfolio to lose value or cause it to
underperform other portfolios with a similar investment objective or strategy or that the investments
themselves will not produce the returns expected.
CONCENTRATION RISK
Strategies concentrated in only a few securities, sectors or industries, regions or countries, or asset
classes could expose a portfolio to greater risk. They may cause the portfolio value to fluctuate more
widely than a diversified portfolio. Overexposure to certain sectors or asset classes (e.g., MLPs, REITs, etc.)
may be detrimental to an investor if there is a negative sector move.
MANAGEMENT RISK
An account is subject to the risk that judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation
of the account’s investments may prove to be incorrect. If the selection of securities or strategies fails to
produce the intended results, the account could underperform other accounts with similar objectives and
investment strategies.
PERFORMANCE OF UNDERLYING MANAGER RISK
We select the mutual funds and ETFs in the asset allocation portfolios. However, we depend on the
Manager of such funds to select individual investments in accordance with their stated investment
strategy.
SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTING & ESG RISK
Clients utilizing responsible investing strategies and environmental, social responsibility, and corporate
governance (ESG) factors may underperform strategies that do not utilize responsible investing and ESG
considerations. Responsible investing and ESG strategies may operate by excluding certain issuers'
investments or by selecting investments based on compliance with factors such as ESG. This strategy
may exclude certain sectors or industries from a Client’s portfolio, potentially negatively affecting the
Client’s investment performance if the excluded sector or industry outperforms. Responsible investing
and ESG are subjective by nature. We may rely on analysis and ‘scores’ provided by third parties in
determining whether an issuer meets our standards for inclusion or exclusion. A Client’s perception may
differ from Apella's or a third party on how to judge an issuer's adherence to responsible investing
principles.
VALUE INVESTING RISK
Value investing risk is the risk that value stocks do not increase in price, not issue the anticipated stock
dividends, or decline in price, either because the market fails to recognize the stock’s intrinsic value or
because the expected value was misgauged. If the market does not recognize that the securities are
undervalued, the prices of those securities might not appreciate as anticipated. They also may decline in
price even though they are already undervalued in theory. Value stocks are typically less volatile than
growth stocks but may lag behind growth stocks in an up market.
C. RISKS OF SPECIFIC SECURITIES UTILIZED
Apella primarily recommends open-ended mutual funds and exchange traded funds. In addition, within the
Apella Select Program, Apella builds individual security portfolios using index-based screening. The
following are risks involved with these investments. As stated in Item 4, when a client is transitioned to
Apella, through one of its office locations, the client may remain in their legacy portfolio and is managed
accordingly. As such, Apella may use other investment vehicles. The risks associated with these vehicles
are also listed below.
USE OF ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS
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If deemed appropriate for your portfolio, we may recommend "alternative investments.” Alternative
investments may include a broad range of underlying assets including hedge funds, private equity,
venture capital, registered, publicly traded securities, structured notes, and private real estate
investment trusts. Alternative investments are speculative, not suitable for all Clients, and intended
for only experienced and sophisticated investors who are willing to bear the high risk of the
investment, which can include: loss of all or a substantial portion of the investment due to
leveraging, short-selling, or other speculative investment practices; lack of liquidity in that there
may be no secondary market for the fund and none expected to develop; volatility of returns;
potential for restrictions on transferring an interest in the fund; potential lack of diversification and
resulting higher risk due to concentration of trading authority with a single adviser; absence of
information regarding valuations and pricing; potential for delays in tax reporting; less regulation
and often higher fees than other investment options such as mutual funds. The SEC requires
investors to be accredited to invest in these more speculative alternative investments. Investing in
a fund concentrating on a few holdings may involve heightened risk and greater price volatility.
ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT RISK
Alternative investments include other additional risks. Lock-up periods and other terms obligate clients to
commit their capital investment for a minimum period, typically no less than one or two years and
sometimes up to 10 or more years. Illiquidity is considered a substantial risk and will restrict the ability of a
Client to liquidate an investment early, regardless of the success of the investment. Alternative
investments are difficult to value within a Client’s total portfolio. There may be limited availability of
suitable benchmarks for performance comparison; historical performance data may also be limited.
In some cases, there may be a lack of transparency and regulation, providing an additional layer of risk.
Some alternative investments may involve the use of leverage and other speculative techniques. As a
result, some alternative investments may carry substantial additional risks, resulting in the loss of some or
all the investment. Using leverage and certain other strategies will result in adverse tax consequences for
tax-exempt investors, such as the possibility of unrelated business taxable income, as defined under the
U.S. Internal Revenue Code.
LIQUIDITY RISK
Low trading volume, large positions, or legal restrictions are some conditions that could limit or prevent a
portfolio from selling securities or closing positions at desirable prices. Securities that are relatively liquid
when acquired could become illiquid over time. The sale of any such illiquid investment might be
possible only at substantial discounts or might not be possible at all. Further, such investments may take
more work to value.
ISSUER RISK
The risk is that an issuer of a security may perform poorly, and therefore, the value of its securities may
decline. Poor management decisions, competitive pressures, technological breakthroughs, reliance on
suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters,
or other events, conditions, or factors may cause inferior performance.
NON-LIQUID ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT RISK
From time to time, Apella will recommend to certain qualifying Clients that a portion of such Clients’
assets be invested in private funds, private fund-of-funds, or other alternative investments (collectively,
“Non-liquid Alternative Investments”). Non-liquid Alternative Investments are not suitable for all our
clients. They are offered only to those qualifying clients for whom we believe such an investment is
suitable and in line with their overall investment strategy. Non-liquid Alternative Investments typically are
available to only a limited number of sophisticated investors who meet the definition of “accredited
investor” under Regulation D of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or “qualified
Client” under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 or “qualified purchaser” under the Investment Company
Act of 1940. Non-liquid Alternative Investments present special risks for our clients, including, without
limitation, limited liquidity, higher fees and expenses, volatile performance, no assurance of investment
returns, heightened risk of loss, limited transparency, additional reliance on underlying management of
the investment, special tax considerations, subjective valuations, use of leverage and limited regulatory
oversight. When a Non-liquid Alternative Investment invests part or all of its assets in real estate
properties, there are additional risks that are unique to real estate investing, including but not limited to:
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limitations of the appraisal value, the borrower’s financial conditions (if a loan has obtained the underlying
property), including the risk of foreclosures on the property; neighborhood values; the supply of and
demand for properties of like kind; and certain city, state or federal regulations.
Additionally, real estate investing is also subject to possible loss due to uninsured losses from natural and
artificial disasters. The above list is not exhaustive of all risks related to an investment in Non-liquid
Alternative Investments. A more comprehensive discussion of the risks associated with a particular Non-
liquid Investment is set forth in that fund’s offering documents, which will be provided to each client
subscribing to a Non-liquid Alternative Investment for review and consideration. It is important that each
potential, qualified investor carefully read each offering or private placement memorandum before
investing.
COMMODITY RISK
The fluctuation in the prices of commodities causes uncertainties about future market values and
the size of future income. These commodities may be grains, metals, gas, electricity, etc.
Investing in commodities is often through futures trading, where the risk of loss in these contracts
can be substantial. A Client and a Client’s advisor should carefully consider whether such trading is
suitable depending on a Client’s financial situation. Apella does not invest directly in commodities
in client accounts or in any of its Model Strategies, though commodities may be held in various
mutual funds and ETFs. Investments in commodities may have greater volatility than investments
in traditional securities, particularly if the instruments involve leverage. The value of commodity-
linked derivative instruments may be affected by charges in overall market movements,
commodity index volatility, changes in interest rates, or factors affecting a particular industry or
commodity, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs, international
economic, political, and regulatory developments. Use of leveraged commodity-linked derivatives
creates the possibility for greater loss.
DERIVATIVES
Derivatives may be riskier than other types of investments because they may be more sensitive to
changes in economic or market conditions than other types of investments and could result in
losses that significantly exceed the original investment. The use of derivatives may not be
successful, resulting in investment losses, and the cost of such strategies may reduce investment
returns. Apella does not invest directly in derivatives in client accounts or Model Strategies. Certain
model funds and ETFs do invest in derivatives.
EQUITY RISK
Equity instruments are subject to equity market risk, the risk that common stock prices fluctuate
over short or extended periods. Equity securities have greater price volatility than fixed-income
securities. The market price of equity securities may increase or decrease, sometimes rapidly or
unpredictably. Equity securities may decline in value due to factors affecting markets, industries,
sectors, or geographic regions represented in those markets, or individual security concerns.
CAPITALIZATION RISK
Small-cap and mid-cap companies may be hindered due to limited resources or less diverse products or
services. Their stocks have historically been more volatile than the stocks of larger, more established
companies.
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS
When offered through the account Custodian, we may have the ability to request shares of initial public
offerings (“IPOs”) and secondary offerings for our clients. These are short-term, speculative investments
which are generally high risk in nature.
At this time, we will only request shares of an IPO (Initial Public Offerings) for a Client that has specifically
requested those shares.
If several Clients request the shares of an IPO, and we receive fewer shares than were requested, we
must allocate those shares among the participating Clients. The allocations are typically equal or
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proportionate to the number of shares requested. Investing in securities involves the risk of loss that
Clients should be prepared to bear. See Item 8 for more detail on the risk associated with investing.
ETF & ETN RISK
ETFs and ETNs are, by definition, portfolios of securities. Although the unsystematic risk associated
with investments in ETFs and ETNs may be low relative to investments in securities of individual
issuers, some events can trigger sharp, and sometimes adverse, price movements in ETFs and
ETNs unrelated to the markets' general activities. These events include unexpected dividends,
changes to regular dividend amounts, announcements of rights offerings, and possible
unexpected revisions to the net asset values of the ETF and ETN. ETFs are subject to market risk,
whereas ETNs are subject to both market risk and the credit risk of the issuer of the ETN.
Further, certain client accounts may hold (or short-sell) positions in volatility-related ETFs and
ETNs. Leveraged ETFs and mutual funds, sometimes labeled “ultra” or “2x,” for example, are
designed to provide a multiple of the underlying index’s return, typically daily. Inverse products are
designed to provide the opposite of the underlying index return, typically daily. These products
differ and can be riskier than traditional ETFs and mutual funds. Although these products are
designed to provide returns that correspond to the underlying index, they may not be able to
exactly replicate the performance of the index because of fund expenses and other factors. This is
referred to as a tracking error. Continual re-setting of returns within the product may add to the
underlying costs and increase the tracking error. As a result, this may prevent these products from
achieving their investment objective. In addition, compounding of the returns can produce a
divergence from the underlying index over time, particularly for leveraged products. Return
distortions may be magnified in highly volatile markets with significant positive and negative
swings. Some deviations from the stated objectives to the positive or negative are possible and
may or may not correct themselves over time. These products use various strategies to
accomplish their objectives, including swaps, futures contracts, and other derivatives. These
products may not be diversified and can be based on commodities or currencies. These products
may have higher expense ratios and be less tax-efficient than more traditional ETFs and mutual
funds.
ETFs do not sell individual shares directly to investors and only issue their shares in large blocks.
Exchange traded funds are subject to risks similar to those of stocks. Investment returns will
fluctuate and are subject to market volatility, so that an investor’s shares, when redeemed or sold,
may be worth more or less than their original cost. ETF shares are bought and sold at market price
(which may be higher or lower than NAV) and are not individually redeemable from the fund.
Brokerage commissions will reduce returns. An investor should consider investment objectives,
risks, charges, and expenses before investing. A description of these risks can be found in each
ETF’s prospectus.
FIXED INCOME & DEBT RISK (BONDS)
Debt securities are affected by changes in interest rates. When interest rates rise, the value of debt
securities is likely to decrease. Conversely, when interest rates fall, the values of debt securities are
likely to increase. The values of debt securities may also be affected by changes in the issuing
entities' credit rating or financial condition.
CALL RISK
Some bonds allow the issuer to redeem the bond before its maturity date. If an issuer exercises this
option during declining interest rates, the proceeds from the bond may have to be reinvested in an
investment offering a lower yield and may not benefit from an increase in value due to declining rates.
Callable bonds are also subject to increased price fluctuations during market illiquidity or rising interest
rates. Finally, the capital appreciation potential of a bond will be reduced because the price of a callable
bond may not rise much above the price at which the issuer may call the bond.
CREDIT RISK
The credit rating of an issuer of a security is based on, among other things, the issuer’s historical financial
condition, and the rating agencies’ investment analyses at the time of rating. An actual or perceived
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deterioration of the ability of an issuer to meet its obligations would harm the value of the issuer’s
securities.
INTEREST RATE RISK
When interest rates increase, the value of the account investments may decline, and the account’s share
value may decrease. This effect is typically more pronounced for intermediate and longer-term
obligations. This effect is also typically more pronounced for mortgages and other asset-backed
securities since the value may fluctuate more significantly in response to interest rate changes. When
interest rates decrease, the account’s current income may decline.
MUNICIPAL BOND RISK
Investments in municipal bonds are affected by the municipal market and the factors in the cities, states,
or regions where the strategy invests. Issues such as legislative changes, litigation, business and political
conditions relating to a particular municipal project, municipality, state, or territory, and fiscal challenges
can impact the value of municipal bonds. These matters can also impact the ability of the issuer to make
payments. Also, the public information about municipal bonds is less than that for corporate equities or
bonds. Additionally, supply and demand imbalances in the municipal bond market can cause
deterioration in liquidity and a lack of price transparency.
FOREIGN INVESTING RISK
Investments in securities of foreign issuers may involve risks, including adverse fluctuations in
currency exchange rates, political instability, confiscations, taxes, restrictions on currency
exchange, difficulty in selling foreign investments, and reduced legal protection. These risks may
be more pronounced for investments in developing countries.
EMERGING MARKETS RISK
The risks of foreign investing are heightened for securities of companies in emerging market countries. In
most cases, emerging market countries' economic and political structures do not compare favorably with
the U.S. or other developed countries regarding wealth and stability. Their financial markets often lack
liquidity. In addition to all the risks of investing in foreign developed markets, emerging market securities
are susceptible to governmental interference, local taxes on investments, restrictions on gaining access
to sales proceeds, and less efficient trading markets. These factors can make emerging market
investments more volatile and less liquid than investments in developed markets.
CURRENCY RISK
If an account invests directly in non-U.S. currencies or in securities that trade in and receive revenues in
non-U.S. currencies or in derivatives that provide exposure to non-U.S. currencies, it will be subject to the
risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar. Currency rates in foreign countries
may fluctuate significantly over short periods for several reasons, including changes in interest rates,
intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks, or supranational
entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other
political developments in the United States or abroad. As a result, an account’s investments in non-U.S.
currency-denominated securities may reduce the account's returns. Foreign currency exchange
transactions are conducted on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency
exchange market or through entering forward contracts to purchase or sell the currency.
MUTUAL FUND OR ETF RISK
Our models and accounts may use certain ETFs and mutual funds to invest primarily in alternative
investments or strategies. Investing in these alternative investments and strategies may only be
suitable for some of our clients. These include special risks, such as those associated with
commodities, real estate, and leverage, selling securities short, use of derivatives, potential
adverse market forces, regulatory changes, and potential ill-liquidity. Special risks are associated
with ETFs that invest principally in real estate securities, such as sensitivity to changes in real
estate values or changes in interest rates and price volatility due to the ETF’s concentration in the
real estate market.
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The risks with mutual funds include the costs and expenses within the fund that can impact
performance, change of Managers, and the fund straying from its objective (i.e., style drift). Mutual
funds have certain costs associated with underlying transactions and operating costs, such as
marketing and distribution expenses and advisory fees. Mutual fund costs and expenses vary from
fund to fund and will impact a mutual fund’s performance. Additionally, mutual funds typically have
different share classes, as further discussed below, that trade at different Net Asset Values (“NAV”)
as determined at the daily market close and have different fees and expenses.
Past performance does not guarantee future results. The investment return and principal value of
a mutual fund will fluctuate so that an investor’s shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or
less than their original cost. Investors should consider the investment objectives, risks, and charges
and expenses of the investment company carefully before investing. A description of these items
can be found in each fund’s prospectus.
ALTERNATIVE MUTUAL FUNDS
Alternative Mutual Funds may employ the following strategies to create performance
characteristics that have low or no correlation to long-only investment options.
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LONG/SHORT
Long/short investment strategies utilize short selling, which involves selling a security not owned in
anticipation that the security’s price will decline or to offset a similar long position in an attempt to either
hedge risk and/or capture a spread in return. Generally, both long and short trades are paired together in
an attempt to capture a performance spread, while reducing the systematic exposure to the underlying
asset class. This strategy could result in losses if the value of the securities held long decrease, and the
value of the securities sold short increase or if the spread in performance is other than expected.
COMMODITIES
Investing in commodities is often through futures trading, where the risk of loss in these contracts can be
substantial. The client and advisor should carefully consider whether such trading is suitable depending
on the client’s financial situation.
Investments in commodities may have greater volatility than investments in traditional securities,
particularly if the instruments involve leverage. The value of commodity-linked derivative instruments
may be affected by charges in overall market movements, commodity index volatility, changes in interest
rates, or factors affecting a particular industry or commodity, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock
disease, embargoes, tariffs, international economic, political, and regulatory developments. Use of
leveraged commodity-linked derivatives creates the possibility for greater loss.
DERIVATIVES
Derivatives may be riskier than other types of investments because they may be more sensitive to
changes in economic or market conditions than other types of investments and could result in losses that
significantly exceed the original investment. The use of derivatives may not be successful, resulting in
investment losses, and the cost of such strategies may reduce investment returns.
OPTIONS RISK
Transactions in options carry a high degree of risk. A small market movement will have a
proportionately larger impact, which may work for or against the investor. The placing of certain
orders, which are intended to limit losses to certain amounts, may not be effective because market
conditions may make it impossible to execute such orders. Selling ("writing" or "granting") an option
entails greater risk than purchasing options. Although the premium received by the seller is fixed,
the seller may sustain a loss well more than that amount. The seller will also be exposed to the risk
of the purchaser exercising the option and will be obliged to settle it in cash or to acquire or deliver
the underlying investment. The risk may be reduced if the option is "covered" by the seller holding
a corresponding position in the underlying investment or a future on another option.
REAL ESTATE SECURITIES AND RELATED DERIVATIVES RISK
Client accounts may gain exposure to the real estate sector by investing in real estate-linked
derivatives, REITs, and common, preferred, and convertible securities of issuers in real estate-
related industries. Each of these types of investments are subject to risks similar to those
associated with direct ownership of real estate, including loss to casualty or condemnation,
increases in property taxes and operating expenses, zoning law amendments, changes in interest
rates, overbuilding and increased competition, variations in market value, and possible
environmental liabilities.
REITs are subject to management fees and other expenses, and so investors, when investing in
REITs, will bear a proportionate share of the costs of the REITs’ operations. An investment in a REIT
or a real estate-linked derivative instrument that is linked to the value of a REIT is subject to
additional risks, such as inferior performance by the manager of the REIT, adverse changes to the
tax laws or failure by the REIT to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Code. In
addition, some REITs have limited diversification because they invest in a limited number of
properties, a narrow geographic area, or a single type of property. Furthermore, REITs are not
diversified because they only operate in the real estate business and are heavily dependent on
cash flow. Also, the organizational documents of a REIT may contain provisions that make changes
in control of the REIT difficult and time-consuming.
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D. DESCRIPTION OF OTHER MATERIAL, SIGNIFICANT OR UNUSUAL RISKS
Apella generally invests client cash balances in money market funds, FDIC Insured Certificates of Deposit,
high-grade commercial paper, and/or government-backed debt instruments. Ultimately, Apella tries to
achieve the highest return on client cash balances through relatively low-risk conservative investments. In
most cases, at least a partial cash balance will be maintained in a money market account so that we may
debit advisory fees for our services related to our Asset Management and Comprehensive Portfolio
Management services, as applicable.
COMPANY RISK
The risk related to a Firm’s business plans, stock valuation, profitability, accounting practices,
growth strategy, and other factors particular to a company rather than the overall market. Some of
these risks cannot be predicted, such as the retirement or death of a senior executive, which may
lead to negative performance in the future.
CYBERSECURITY RISK
Increased Internet use makes a portfolio susceptible to operational and informational security
risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events.
Cyberattacks include but are not limited to infection by computer viruses or other malicious
software code, gaining unauthorized access to systems, networks, or devices through “hacking” or
other means to misappropriate assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing
operational disruption. Cybersecurity failures or breaches of third-party service providers may
cause disruptions at third-party service providers and impact our business operations, potentially
resulting in financial losses; the inability to transact business; violations of applicable privacy and
other laws, regulatory fines, or penalties; reputational damage; unanticipated expenses or other
compensation costs; or additional compliance costs. Apella has an established business continuity
and disaster recovery plan and related cybersecurity procedures designed to prevent or reduce
the impact of such risks; there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems due in part to the
evolving nature of technology and cyberattack tactics.
DEFLATION RISK
When inflation or expectations are low, the value and income of an account’s investments in
inflation-linked securities could fall, resulting in losses.
DEFAULT RISK
Default risk refers to the risk that a company will be unable to repay its debts and can result in the
loss of an investor’s entire investment in a Firm. Should a company default and go into bankruptcy,
equity holders are at the highest risk as they are residual claimants and are the last in line to be
repaid, with no requirements on the issuing company to, if at all, repay shareholders for their
investment. Uncollateralized bond holders also bear a significant likelihood of sustaining
significant losses should the company fail as they also have no guaranteed claims on the
company’s remaining assets. Asset backed bonds are bonds that are backed by a company’s
assets should default occur. These bonds offer lower rates of return due to the decrease in
potential losses should default occur.
EVENT RISK
The possibility is that an unforeseen event will negatively affect a company or industry and, thus,
increase security volatility.
FREQUENT TRADING RISK
A portfolio Manager may actively and frequently trade investments in a portfolio to carry out its
investment strategies. Frequent trading of investments increases the possibility that a portfolio, as
relevant, will realize taxable capital gains (including short-term capital gains, which are typically
taxable at higher rates than long-term capital gains for U.S. federal income tax purposes), which
could reduce a portfolio's after-tax return. Frequent trading can also mean higher brokerage and
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other transaction costs, which could reduce a portfolio's return. The trading costs and tax effects of
portfolio turnover can adversely affect its performance.
GEOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION RISK
If an account concentrates its investments in a particular geographic region or country, its
performance is closely tied to the market, currency, social, political, economic, environmental, and
regulatory conditions within that country or region. These conditions include anticipated or actual
government budget deficits or other financial difficulties, levels of inflation and unemployment,
fiscal and monetary controls, and political and social instability in such countries and regions. As a
result, the account is likely to be more volatile than an account with more geographically diverse
investments.
INDUSTRY OR SECTOR RISK
An account that focuses its investments in specific industries or sectors is more susceptible to
developments affecting those industries and sectors than a more broadly diversified fund. Issuers
in a single industry can react similarly to market, economic, industry, social, political, regulatory,
and other conditions. For example, suppose an account has significant investments in technology
companies. In that case, the account may perform poorly during a downturn in one or more
industries or sectors that heavily impact technology companies.
LEGACY HOLDING RISK
Investment advice may be offered on any investment a Client holds at the start of the advisory
relationship. Depending on tax considerations and Client sentiment, these investments will be sold
over time, and the assets invested in the appropriate strategy. As with any investment decision,
there is the risk that timing with respect to the sale and reinvestment of these assets will be less
than ideal or even result in a loss to the Client.
LIQUIDITY RISK
Liquidity risk is the risk that thinly traded securities will not be able to be traded at a fair market
value when the investor desires to make the trade. Although liquidity risk may be relatively small for
large cap, highly traded, securities, it does impact the risk associated with small cap securities.
Negative events surrounding smaller cap Firms with already thin trading markets can decrease the
ability for investors to sell their holdings at a fair market value. If an investor seeks to sell a security
that suffers from high levels of liquidity risk, it is possible that he will have to accept a price
significantly lower than its fair market value.
MARKET RISK
Even a long-term investment approach cannot guarantee a profit. Economic, political, and issuer-
specific events will cause the value of securities to rise or fall. Because the value of investment
portfolios will fluctuate, there is the risk that you will lose money, and your investment may be
worth less upon liquidation. Due to a lack of demand in the marketplace or other factors, an
account may only be able to sell some or all the investments promptly or may only be able to sell
assets at desired prices.
PREPAYMENT RISK
Like call risk, this risk is associated with the early unscheduled principal repayment on a fixed-
income security. When the principal is returned early, future interest payments will not be paid. The
proceeds from the repayment may be reinvested in securities at a lower prevailing rate.
REINVESTMENT RISK
The possibility of investing a bond’s cash flows at a rate lower than the expected rate of return
assumed at the time of buying the bond. Reinvestment risk is high for bonds with long maturities
and high coupons.
SECTOR RISK
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The danger is that the stocks of many companies in one sector (like health care or technology) will
fall in price simultaneously because of an event that affects the entire industry.
SECURITIES LENDING RISK
Securities lending involves the risk that a fund or ETF loses money because a borrower of fund or
ETF securities fails to return the securities promptly. The fund or ETF could also lose money if the
value of the collateral provided for loaned securities, or the value of the investments made with
the cash collateral, falls. These events could also trigger adverse tax consequences for the fund or
ETF.
SHORT SALE RISK
A short sale is affected by selling a security that the seller does not own or selling a security that
the seller owns but which it does not deliver upon consummation of the sale. To make delivery to
the buyer of a security sold short, the prime broker or Custodian must borrow the security on
behalf of the seller. In so doing, it incurs the obligation to replace that security, whatever its price
may be, at the time it is required to deliver it to the lender. The seller must also pay the lender of
the security any dividends or interest payable on the security during the borrowing period and
may have to pay a premium to borrow the security. This obligation must, unless the seller then
owns or has the right to obtain, without payment, securities identical to those sold short, be
collateralized by a deposit of cash or marketable securities with the lender. Short selling is subject
to the theoretically unlimited risk of loss because there is no limit on how much the price of a
security may appreciate before the “short” position is closed out.
Further, short sales of securities involve a form of investment leverage, and the amount of the
portfolio’s potential loss is theoretically unlimited.
TIMING RISK
The risk is that the investment needs to perform better after its purchase or sale. Moreover, if the
Client requires redemption, the Client may face a loss due to poor overall market performance or
security performance at that time.
The foregoing list of risk factors does not purport to be a complete enumeration or explanation of the risks
involved in an investment managed by Apella.
ITEM 9 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
Registered investment advisers are required to provide information about all disciplinary information that
would be material to a Client’s evaluation of our Firm or the integrity of its management. Clients should
refer to the Adviser’s Form ADV Part 2B Brochure Supplement. If the Client did not receive the Adviser’s
Form ADV Part 2B Brochure Supplement, the Client should contact the Chief Compliance Officer using
the information provided on the cover page of this Brochure. Our Chief Compliance Officer is available to
address any questions a Client or prospective client may have regarding the above or any information
outlined in this Brochure.
A. CRIMINAL OR CIVIL ACTIONS
Apella has nothing to report for this item.
B. ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS
Apella has nothing to report for this item.
C. SELF-REGULATORY ORGANIZATION (SRO) PROCEEDINGS
Apella has nothing to report for this item.
ITEM 10 - OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES & AFFILIATIONS
A. REGISTRATION AS A BROKER/DEALER OR BROKER/DEALER REPRESENTATIVE
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Neither Apella nor its investment adviser representatives are registered as, or have pending applications to
become, a broker/dealer or a representative of a broker/dealer.
B. REGISTRATION AS A FUTURES COMMISSION MERCHANT, COMMODITY POOL
OPERATOR, OR COMMODITY TRADING ADVISOR
Neither Apella nor its representatives are registered as or have pending applications to become either a
Pool Operator, or Commodity Trading Advisor or an associated person of the foregoing entities.
C. REGISTRATION RELATIONSHIPS MATERIAL TO THIS ADVISORY BUSINESS AND
POSSIBLE CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS
Apella has no registration relationships material to this advisory business or possible conflicts of interest
to disclose.
D. SELECTION OF OTHER ADVISERS OR MANAGERS AND HOW THIS ADVISER IS
COMPENSATED FOR THOSE SELECTIONS
Apella may manage portfolios directly or may select third-party investment advisory firms (“External
Managers”) to manage specific portions of the allocation consistent with the overall asset allocation
strategy developed by Apella. External Managers are selected by Apella’s Investment Committee (the
“Investment Committee”) based on an evaluation of the investment advisory organization, including the
organization’s performance against selected benchmarks, investment style within a particular asset class,
expenses, and related factors.
The Investment Committee monitors the performance of External Managers, including managers’
adherence to investment style and continuing suitability with respect to model strategies and overall
asset allocation strategy, as well as overall expense levels. As part of this monitoring process, the
Investment Committee employs the services of various outside consulting and research providers to
obtain performance measurement, including index and peer group comparisons, and/or other services.
The Investment Committee continually monitors the capital markets and various asset classes.
Periodically, the Investment Committee may recommend adjustments to model strategies in seeking to
avoid risk or gain exposures associated with investment opportunities.
All External Manager (“sub-adviser”) fees are paid by the client and are disclosed on a separate fee
addendum and/or direct agreement with the sub-adviser.
Apella is not affiliated with DPL Financial Partners or any of the insurance carriers whose products are
available through the platform. Our use of DPL is solely to enhance our ability to deliver fiduciary-aligned
insurance solutions to our clients.
ITEM 11 - CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION & INTEREST IN CLIENT
TRANSACTIONS, & PERSONAL TRADING
A. CODE OF ETHICS
Apella maintains a Code of Ethics to reinforce the fiduciary principles governing Apella and our
employees. The Code, among other things, requires all employees to act with integrity and ethics, and
professionalism.
Policies against overreaching, self-dealing, insider trading, and conflicts of interest are outlined in our
Code. Our Code forbids employees from trading, either personally or on behalf of others, based on non-
public material information or communicating non-public material information to others violating the law.
Additionally, our Code sets forth restrictions and quarterly attestations on receiving gifts, outside business
activities, personal trading activity, maintenance of personal brokerage accounts, and other matters. The
Code is appropriately designed and implemented to prevent or eliminate potential conflicts of interest
between Apella, our employees and IARs, Clients, and investors. We always strive to make decisions in
our Client's best interest should a conflict of interest arise.
Clients should be aware that no set of rules, policies, or procedures can anticipate, avoid, or address all
potential conflicts of interest. Any exceptions to the Code require the prior approval of the CCO. We will
provide a copy of the Code to any Client or prospective client upon such written or verbal request. Such
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requests should be directed to our CCO at the contact information listed in Item 1 - Cover Page of this
Brochure.
B. RECOMMENDATIONS INVOLVING MATERIAL FINANCIAL INTERESTS
Neither Apella nor its employees have any material financial interest in the securities it recommends to its
clients.
C. INVESTING PERSONAL MONEY IN THE SAME SECURITIES AS CLIENTS
Apella’s employees are allowed to invest in same securities that are recommended to clients. The
securities recommended by Apella are primarily shares of mutual funds and ETFs. They are generally not
“reportable securities,” and as such the Apella Code of Ethics does not ordinarily limit the ability of
Apella’s employees to invest in the same open-end mutual funds and ETFs that are recommended to
clients. All Apella employees are prohibited from profiting at the expense of clients and competing with
clients with respect to transactions in “reportable securities” as defined in Rule 204A-1(e) (10) under the
Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Apella employees’ personal transactions in reportable securities are
reviewed on a quarterly basis to ensure compliance with all personal security transaction policies.
D. TRADING SECURITIES AT/AROUND THE SAME TIME AS CLIENTS’ SECURITIES
Apella does not participate in these types of transactions.
If the Company is purchasing/selling or considering for purchase/sale any Covered Security on behalf of
a client account, no Associated Person may effect a transaction in that Covered Security prior to the client
purchase/sale having been completed by the Company, or until a decision has been made not to
purchase/sell the Covered Security on behalf of the client account and in accordance with the
Company’s pre-clearance policy and restricted list, if any.
ITEM 12 - BROKERAGE PRACTICES
A. FACTORS USED TO SELECT CUSTODIANS AND/OR BROKER/DEALERS
At present, Apella has relationships with two primary custodians, Charles Schwab, and Fidelity, which are
operationally set up to maintain client accounts, and each client selects his or her own custodian. In
selecting its custodian, each client will be deemed to have directed Apella to affect any transactions in ETF
shares and other individual securities through such broker as the client’s custodian may from time to time
direct. It should be noted that on occasion clients may have their assets held by TIAA-CREF. TIAA CREF is
limited to clients that are participants in employee sponsored retirement plans who utilize TIAA–CREF’s
services.
Apella seeks to recommend a Custodian-Broker who will hold Client assets and execute the transactions
on terms that are, overall, most advantageous compared to other available providers and their services.
Apella considers a wide range of factors, including, among others:
• Combination of transaction execution and asset custody services (without a separate fee for
custody).
• Capability to execute, clear, and settle trades (buy and sell securities for Client accounts).
• Capability to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers, check requests,
bill payments, etc.).
• The breadth of available investment products (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds
[ETFs], etc.).
• Availability of investment research and tools that assist us in making investment decisions.
• Quality of services.
• Competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, other fees, etc.) and willingness
to negotiate the prices.
• Reputation, financial strength, and stability.
• Prior service to Apella and our other Clients.
Availability of other products and services that benefit Apella, as discussed below (see “Products and
Services Available to Us from Schwab”).
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We typically recommend that our Clients utilize Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. Adviser Services ("Schwab"), a
registered broker-dealer (Member SIPC) as the qualified Custodian. Apella is independently owned,
operated, and unaffiliated with Schwab. Schwab will hold Client assets in a brokerage account and buy
and sell securities when we instruct them.
Betterment
As part of our investment management services, we utilize the Betterment for Advisors platform, a service
provided by Betterment LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser.
Betterment for Advisors provides automated investment management, portfolio construction, tax-loss
harvesting, and rebalancing services. While Apella retains discretion over client accounts, Betterment
executes trades and provides custodial services through Betterment Securities, an SEC-registered
broker-dealer and member of FINRA/SIPC.
Apella requires clients using Betterment for Advisors to custody their assets with Betterment Securities.
This arrangement may limit our ability to seek best execution or aggregate trades across custodians.
However, Apella believes Betterment’s services provide value through automation, tax efficiency, and low-
cost investment options.
While Apella recommends that clients use Schwab as a Custodian, clients must decide whether to do so
and open accounts with Schwab by entering into account agreements directly with them. The Client
opens the accounts with Schwab. The accounts will always be held in the Client's name and never in our
Firm’s.
SpiderRock
Apella uses SpiderRock, an unaffiliated third-party options and trading platform, to help implement
certain investment strategies in client accounts. SpiderRock provides trading technology, analytics,
and/or model-based strategies that Apella uses when managing options or other derivatives as part of a
Client’s overall portfolio.
Nature of SpiderRock services
SpiderRock provides algorithmic trading tools, analytics, and access to liquidity in listed equities, options,
and futures markets. Apella uses these tools to help monitor risk, generate and execute orders, and
manage options overlays or other derivatives strategies where appropriate for a Client’s
investment objectives and risk tolerance. SpiderRock does not provide personalized investment advice
to Apella’s clients and generally has no discretionary authority over client accounts except to the limited
extent necessary to implement the strategy Apella selects.
Fees and costs
Clients do not pay fees directly to SpiderRock; instead, Apella pays SpiderRock out of the advisory
fee or other compensation Apella receives, or out of account-level trading costs, depending on the
arrangement. Using SpiderRock may increase the overall cost of implementing certain strategies
compared to strategies that do not use this service, and clients should consider these additional costs
when evaluating whether to use a SpiderRock-based strategy.
Conflicts of interest
Because Apella pays SpiderRock for its services, Apella has financial incentive to allocate or retain client
assets in strategies that use SpiderRock rather than in other strategies or service providers that might be
less expensive or not incur these costs. If SpiderRock’s fee schedule includes volume or asset-based
pricing, Apella also has an incentive to increase or maintain the level of client assets using SpiderRock
strategies. Apella addresses these conflicts by reviewing SpiderRock against other available solutions,
monitoring performance and costs, and basing recommendations on each client’s investment objectives,
risk tolerance, and overall best interest.
Risks of SpiderRock strategies
Strategies implemented through SpiderRock often involve options and other derivatives, which can be
complex and may increase portfolio volatility, leverage, and the risk of loss. These strategies may perform
differently than traditional stock or bond investments, and there is no guarantee
that SpiderRock’s models, analytics, or trading tools will achieve their intended results or prevent losses.
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Clients who authorize the use of SpiderRock strategies should be willing and able to accept
the additional risks and potential costs associated with derivatives and the use of a third-party trading
platform.
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES AVAILABLE TO US FROM SCHWAB
Schwab Adviser Services™ (formerly called Schwab Institutional®) provides independent investment
advisory Firms and Clients with access to its institutional brokerage, trading, custody, reporting, and
related services, many of which are not typically available to Schwab retail customers. Schwab also
makes available various support services. Some of those services help us manage or administer our
Clients’ accounts; others help us manage and grow our business. Schwab’s support services are typically
available on an unsolicited basis and at no charge to our Firm. These are typically considered soft dollar
benefits because there is an incentive to do business with Schwab. Receiving soft dollar benefits creates
a conflict of interest. We have established policies in this regard to mitigate any conflicts of interest. We
believe our selection of Schwab as Custodian-Broker is in the Clients' best interests. Our Firm will always
act in the best interest of our Clients and act as fiduciary in carrying out services to Clients. The following
is a more detailed description of Schwab’s support services:
SERVICES THAT BENEFIT OUR CLIENTS
Schwab's institutional brokerage services include access to a broad range of investment products,
execution of securities transactions, and custody of Client assets. The investment products available
through Schwab include some we might not otherwise have access to or would require a significantly
higher minimum initial investment by our Clients. Schwab’s services described in this paragraph benefit
our Clients and their accounts.
SERVICES THAT MAY NOT DIRECTLY BENEFIT OUR CLIENTS
Schwab also makes other products and services available that benefit Apella but may not directly benefit
our Clients or their accounts. These products and services assist our Firm in managing and administering
our Clients’ accounts. They include investment research, both Schwab’s own and that of third parties.
Apella may use this research to service all or a substantial number of our Client's accounts, including
accounts not maintained at Schwab. In addition to investment research, Schwab also makes available
software and other technology that:
• Provides access to Client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and
account statements).
• Facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple Client
accounts.
• Provide pricing and other market data.
• Facilitate payment of our fees from our Clients’ accounts.
• Assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping, and Client reporting.
SERVICES THAT GENERALLY BENEFIT ONLY US
Schwab also offers other services to help Apella manage and further develop our business enterprise.
These services include:
• Educational conferences and events
• Consulting on technology, compliance, legal, and business needs
Publications and conferences on practice management and business succession
• Access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants, and insurance
providers
Schwab may provide some of these services itself. In other cases, it will arrange for third-party vendors to
provide the services to Apella. Schwab may also discount or waive its fees for some of these services or
pay all or a part of a third party’s fees. Schwab may also provide Apella with other benefits, such as
occasional business entertainment for our personnel.
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OUR INTEREST IN SCHWAB’S SERVICES
The availability of these services from Schwab benefits Apella because we do not have to produce or
purchase them. These services are not contingent upon Apella committing any specific amount of
business to Schwab in trading commissions. We believe our selection of Schwab as Custodian and Broker
is in our Client’s best interests.
• Some of the products, services, and other benefits provided by Schwab benefit
Apella and may not benefit our Client accounts. Our recommendation or
requirement that you place assets in Schwab's custody may be based, in part, on
the benefits Schwab provides to our Firm or our Agreement to maintain certain
Assets Under Management at Schwab and not solely on the nature, cost, or quality
of custody and execution services provided by Schwab.
• Apella places trades for our Clients' accounts subject to its duty to seek the best
execution and other fiduciary duties. Schwab's execution quality may be different
from other broker-dealers.
• Apella does not routinely recommend, request, or require that the Client direct us
to execute the transactions through a specified Custodian. Additionally, Apella
typically does not permit the Client to direct brokerage. We place trades for Client
accounts subject to our duty to seek the best execution and other fiduciary duties.
• We will aggregate trades for ourselves or our associated persons with your trades,
providing that the following conditions are met:
o Our policy for the aggregation of transactions shall be fully disclosed
separately to our existing Clients (if any) and the broker/dealer(s) through
which such transactions will be placed.
o We will only aggregate transactions if we believe that aggregation is
consistent with our duty to seek the best execution (which includes the duty
to seek the best price) for the Client and is consistent with the terms of our
investment advisory agreement.
o
o No advisory Client will be favored over any other Client; each Client that
participates in an aggregated order will participate at the average share
price for all transactions in a given security on a given business day, with
transaction costs based on each Client's participation in the transaction.
• We will prepare a written statement (“Allocation Statement”) specifying the
participating Client accounts and how to allocate the order among those
Clients.
If the aggregated order is filled in its entirety, it will be allocated among
Clients per the allocation statement; if the order is partially filled, the
accounts that did not receive the previous trade's positions should be "first
in line" to receive the next allocation.
• Notwithstanding the preceding, the order may be allocated on a basis
different from that specified if all Client accounts receive fair and equitable
treatment. The reason for the difference in allocation will be documented
and reviewed by our Compliance Officer. Apella’s books and records will
separately reflect, for each Client account, the orders which are
aggregated, and the securities held by and bought for that account.
• We will not receive additional compensation or remuneration of any kind
because of the proposed aggregation; and
Individual advice and treatment will be accorded to each advisory Client.
•
BROKERAGE FOR CLIENT REFERRALS
We do not receive Client referrals from any Custodian or third party in exchange for using that
broker-dealer or third party.
DIRECTED BROKERAGE
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Each client directs its own trades with respect to ETFs and other individual securities. As a result,
the client may incur higher commissions, greater spreads, or less favorable net prices than if the
client had chosen a different custodian and thereby directed Apella to execute ETF trades through
another broker- dealer. Apella may not be able to obtain best execution for such trades.
B. AGGREGATING (BLOCK) TRADING FOR MULTIPLE CLIENT ACCOUNTS
Although Apella does not aggregate trades for execution, Apella offices transmit instructions with respect
to transactions in mutual funds and ETFs to its clients’ custodians at various times throughout the day, and
instructions with respect to transactions on behalf of multiple clients with the same custodian may be
transmitted at the same time. Client transactions in ETFs may be held for part of a trading day until the next
regular transmission to their custodians, which may adversely affect the price at which they are affected.
A Client’s custodian may further aggregate such orders for execution.
Please note that trades are aggregated with each custodian separately. Depending on the number of
shares traded, the custodians may participate in a trade rotation process. The trade rotation process
provides objective preference to the custodian by submitting trades for each custodian in sequence
starting with a different custodian on each series of block trades. The starting custodian moves down one
position on the list at the start of each new trading day. The submission process for each custodian is
done in an efficient and timely manner. Axos is not part of the trade rotation process.
ITEM 13 - REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
A. FREQUENCY AND NATURE OF PERIODIC REVIEWS AND WHO MAKES THOSE REVIEWS
Apella reviews Client accounts and financial plans periodically, annually, and as needed. Our IARs will
monitor Client accounts regularly and perform annual reviews with each Client. All accounts are reviewed
for consistency with Client investment strategy, asset allocation, risk tolerance, and performance.
The Client receives a copy of each trade confirmation (unless the Client has authorized the Custodian to
suppress the confirmations) and the standard written account statement from the qualified account
Custodian every quarter.
B. FACTORS THAT WILL TRIGGER A NON-PERIODIC REVIEW OF CLIENT ACCOUNTS
More frequent reviews may be triggered by changes in an account holder’s employment, tax, or financial
status. A material market event could also trigger a review. Our recommendations depend on the
information provided by the Client.
C. CONTENT AND FREQUENCY OF REGULAR REPORTS PROVIDED TO CLIENTS
Clients receive either a quarterly or monthly statement from the custodian. Apella may also provide
clients with quarterly performance reports. In addition, Apella has other tools it may use in connection with
the review of client accounts which may include, without limitation, research notes, white papers, and
analysis on related market event.
ITEM 14 - CLIENT REFERRALS & OTHER COMPENSATION
A. ECONOMIC BENEFITS PROVIDED BY THIRD PARTIES FOR ADVICE RENDERED TO
CLIENTS (INCLUDES SALES AWARDS OR OTHER PRIZES)
As disclosed under Item 12 Brokerage Practices, we participate in the Custodian’s institutional customer
programs, and we may recommend a Custodian to our Clients for custody and brokerage services. There
is no direct link between our participation in the program and the investment advice we give to our
Clients. However, we receive economic benefits through our participation in the program that is typically
not available to any other independent advisers participating in the program. These benefits include the
following products and services (provided without cost or at a discount):
• Receipt of duplicate Client statements and confirmations.
• Research-related products and tools.
• Consulting services.
• Access to a trading desk serving adviser participants.
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• Access to block trading (which provides the ability to aggregate securities transactions for
execution and then allocate the appropriate shares to Client accounts);
• The ability to have advisory fees deducted directly from Client accounts.
• Access to an electronic communications network for Client order entry and account information.
• Access to mutual funds with no transaction fees and certain institutional money Managers.
• Discounts on compliance, marketing, research, technology, and practice management products or
services provided to us by third-party vendors.
Some of the products and services made available by Custodians through the program may benefit us
but may not benefit your account. These products or services may assist us in managing and
administering Client accounts, including accounts not maintained at our recommended Custodian. Other
services made available by the Custodian are intended to help us manage and further develop our
business enterprise. The benefits Apella or our IARs receive through participation in the program do not
depend on the amount of brokerage transactions directed to the Custodian. Due to these arrangements,
our Client does not pay more for assets maintained at Schwab. As part of our fiduciary duties to Clients,
we always endeavor to put our Client's interests first. Clients should be aware, however, that receiving
economic benefits from Apella or our IARs in and of itself creates a conflict of interest because the cost of
these services would otherwise be borne directly by us. These arrangements could indirectly influence
our choice of Custodian for custody and brokerage services. Clients should consider these conflicts of
interest when selecting a Custodian. The products and services provided by the Custodian, how they
benefit us, and the related conflicts of interest are described above.
B. COMPENSATION TO NON – ADVISORY PERSONNEL FOR CLIENT REFERRALS
Apella has entered into a Joint Marketing Agreement with CFS Financial, LLC, an investment adviser
registered in the state of MA (“Referring Firm”), whereby Apella co-sponsors college planning seminars
with Referring Firm. The purpose of the seminars is to educate participants regarding college funding
options and, for a planning fee, to guide individuals (“College Planning Clients”) through the college
funding process. Certain College Planning Clients have financial planning or investment advisory needs
beyond the scope of services provided by Referring Firm. Referring Firm may refer such College Planning
Clients to Apella for broader scope financial planning and/or for ongoing investment advisory services.
This referral is considered an endorsement under Rule 206(4)-1 of the Investment Advisers Act. Referring
Firm receives fees for services it provides and additional compensation from Apella for referrals of clients
for investment advisory services. Clients do not incur additional fees due to these arrangements.
As described above, Referral Firm receives a fee for referring College Planning Clients to Apella for
investment advisory services. Therefore, Referral Firm has a financial incentive to recommend Apella to its
College Planning Clients over similar Firms that do not compensate Referral Firm for referrals.
Clients referred by Referring Firm are subject to the same standard fee schedule as other Apella clients
as other clients serviced by the same Apella office location. A portion of the investment advisory fee
earned by Apella is then paid to Referral Firm. Given that Apella does not charge referred clients a higher
fee than those clients not referred by Referral Firm, the referral fee serves to reduce the net fee retained
by Apella.
ITEM 15 - CUSTODY
Regulators have defined custody as having access or control over Client funds or securities. As it applies to
our Firm, we do not have physical custody of funds or securities.
When it deducts fees directly from client accounts at a selected custodian, Apella will be deemed to have
limited custody of client assets and must have written authorization from the client to do so. Clients will
receive all account statements and billing invoices that are required in each jurisdiction, and they should
carefully review those statements for accuracy. In most cases, Clients have authorized Apella to deduct
fees from their accounts by acknowledging the fee calculation and billing processes described in their
Investment Advisory Agreement.
Additionally, Apella is deemed to have custody of the Client’s funds or securities when a Client has standing
authorizations with their Custodian to move money from an account to a third-party (Standing Letter of
Authorization or “SLOA”) and, under that SLOA, it authorizes us to designate the amount or timing of
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transfers with the Custodian. The SEC has set forth standards to protect your assets in such situations, which
we follow. We do not have a beneficial interest in any of the accounts we are deemed to have Custody
where SLOAs are on file. In addition, account statements reflecting all activity on the account(s) are
delivered directly from the qualified Custodian to each Client or the Client’s independent representative at
least monthly. Clients should carefully review those statements and are urged to compare the statements
against reports received from us. When clients have questions about their account statements, they should
contact us, their Adviser, or the qualified Custodian preparing the statement.
Some of Apella’s employees serve as trustees on certain client accounts. Where that employee is not the
trustee due to a prior personal relationship with the client, the SEC considers Apella to have custody of the
account. These accounts are subject to an annual surprise examination by an independent accountant in
order to comply with the SEC’s rule on the custody of client assets.
When a Client opens an account with Apella, the assets are held with a qualified custodian. Clients will
receive monthly or quarterly account statements, depending on the custodian. Clients should review the
statements carefully for accurate information. In addition, Apella can provide advisers with quarterly
performance reports of clients’ accounts to share with clients. When reviewing this report, clients should
note that this report does not take the place of brokerage statements, any fund company statements, or
1099 tax forms. The client is urged to compare this report with the statement received from the custodian
covering the same period.
ITEM 16 - INVESTMENT DISCRETION
Apella can manage client portfolios on a discretionary or nondiscretionary basis, as detailed in the client
agreement for services. Apella has “discretion” over a Client account when Apella can independently
select the securities and amount of securities to be bought or sold in an account without obtaining prior
consent or approval from the Client. However, these purchases or sales may be subject to specified
investment objectives, guidelines, or limitations previously set forth by the Client and agreed to by Apella.
Discretionary authority will only be authorized upon full disclosure to the Client. The granting of such
authority will be evidenced by the Client’s execution of an Investment Advisory Agreement containing all
applicable limitations to such authority. All discretionary trades made by Apella will be in accordance with
each Client’s investment objectives and goals.
DISCRETIONARY AUTHORITY
Upon receiving written authorization from the Client, our Firm provides discretionary investment
advisory services for Client accounts. For discretionary accounts, before engaging our Firm to
provide investment advisory services, you will enter into a written Investment Advisory Agreement
with us granting our Firm the authority to supervise and direct, on an ongoing basis, investments
per the Client's investment objective and guidelines. In addition, our Client will need to execute
additional documents required by the Custodian to authorize and enable Apella, in its sole
discretion, without prior consultation with or ratification by our Client, to purchase, sell or exchange
securities in and for the Client's accounts. We are authorized, at our discretion and without prior
consultation with the Client, to (1) buy, sell, exchange, and trade any stocks, bonds, or other
securities or assets and (2) determine the amount of securities to be bought or sold and (3) place
orders with the Custodian. Any limitations to such discretionary authority will be communicated to
our Firm in writing by the Client.
The limitations on investment and brokerage discretion held by our Firm are:
• For discretionary accounts, we require that we be given the authority to determine which
securities and the amounts to be bought or sold.
• Any limitations on this discretionary authority shall be in writing as indicated in the
Investment Advisory Agreement. Clients may change or amend these limitations as
required.
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ITEM 17 - VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
Unless Apella and the client otherwise agree in writing, Apella is precluded from, and the client shall be
responsible for:
a) directing the manner in which proxies solicited by issuers of securities the client beneficially owns shall
be voted; and
b) making all elections relative to any mergers, acquisitions, tender offers, bankruptcy proceedings, or
other events pertaining to the securities in the account.
The client authorizes and directs the custodian to forward to the client all proxies and shareholder
communications relating to the assets. Should a client wish to grant Apella discretion to vote proxies, the
client must do so in writing, and such voting authority will not be effective until accepted in writing by
Apella.
ITEM 18 - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. PREPAYMENT OF FEES
Please see Item 5.D within this brochure. Apella does not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200
in fees per Client six months or more in advance. Therefore, we are not required to include a balance sheet
for the most recent fiscal year.
B. DISCRETIONARY AUTHORITY AND PREPAYMENT OF FEES
Neither Apella, nor its management has any adverse financial situations that would reasonably impair the
ability of Apella to meet Client contractual and fiduciary obligations and has not been the subject of
bankruptcy proceedings.
C. BANKRUPTCY
Neither Apella, nor any of its supervised persons, have been subject to a bankruptcy or financial
compromise.
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