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VVR HOLDINGS, LLC
DBA
CAPSTONE RIA
114 W. Magnolia Street, Suite #444
Bellingham, WA 98225
(877) 739-6007 ext.103
www.CapstoneRIA.com
Form ADV Part 2A – Disclosure Brochure
Effective: January 21, 2026
This Part 2A of Form ADV (“Brochure”) provides information about the qualifications and business
practices of VVR Holdings, LLC dba Capstone RIA (“Capstone” or “us” or “we” or the “Firm”). If you
have any questions about the contents of this Brochure, please contact us at (877) 739-6007 X103. The
information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”) or by any state securities authority. Registration does not imply a certain level of skill
or training.
information about Capstone RIA also
is available on
Additional
the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. The site may be searched by a unique identifying number known as a CRD
number. Capstone RIA’s CRD number is 334343.
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ITEM 2: MATERIAL CHANGES
Capstone’s Disclosure Brochure contains information regarding our qualifications, business practices, nature
of the investment management services we provide, as well as a reasonable disclosure of any known and
potential material conflicts of interest relating to our investment management business that could affect a
client’s account with us. You should rely on the information contained in this document or other information
that we have referred you to. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different.
We encourage all current and prospective clients to read this Disclosure Brochure and discuss any questions
you have with us. Should you have any additional questions or concerns regarding Capstone RIA or the
contents of this Brochure, please contact Lettie Sihota Chief Compliance Officer by phone at 877.739.6007.
MATERIAL CHANGES SINCE THE LAST UPDATE
1. None.
FULL BROCHURE AVAILABLE
From time to time, we will amend this Disclosure Brochure to reflect changes in business practices,
regulations, and other routine updates as required updates as by the respective regulators. This complete
Disclosure Brochure or a Summary of Material Changes will be provided to you annually and/or if a material
change occurs.
To request a complete copy of our Brochure, contact us by telephone at (877) 739-6007 ext.103 or
by email to Lettie@capstoneria.com. Alternatively, you can view the current Disclosure Brochure online at
the SEC’s Investment Advisor Public Disclosure website at www.advisorinfo.sec.
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ITEM 3 : TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item 1: Cover Page ......................................................................................................................................... i
Item 2: Material Changes .............................................................................................................................. ii
Item 3: Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. iii
Item 4: Advisory Business ............................................................................................................................. 3
Item 5: Fees and Compensation ..................................................................................................................... 8
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ............................................................... 10
Item 7: Types of Clients .............................................................................................................................. 10
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss ........................................................... 10
Item 9: Disciplinary Information ................................................................................................................. 15
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ...................................................................... 15
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading ................. 15
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ....................................................................................................................... 16
Item 13: Review of Accounts ...................................................................................................................... 19
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation ..................................................................................... 19
Item 15: Custody ......................................................................................................................................... 20
Item 16: Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................... 20
Item 17: Voting Client Securities ................................................................................................................ 21
Item 18: Financial Information .................................................................................................................... 21
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ITEM 4 : ADVISORY BUSINESS
A. FIRM DESCRIPTION
VVR Holdings, LLC DBA Capstone RIA (“Capstone” or the “Firm” or “us” or “we”) is a corporation that was
founded in the State of Washington in 2021. Capstone RIA is registered as an investment adviser firm with the
US Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Capstone is owned 100% by VVR Holdings, LLC. VVR
Holdings, LLC is owned by Tyler Ryan, Lauryn Vogt and Lettie Sihota. Tyler Ryan (“Mr. Ryan”) will be the
sole investment adviser representative (“IAR”) of Capstone RIA advising on Client accounts. Additional
information about Mr. Ryan’s background may be found in his Form ADV Part 2B Brochure Supplement.
Additionally, Lettie Sihota (“Ms. Sihota”) is also registered as an IAR but will not meet with Clients or provide
investment advice. Additional information about Ms. Sihota’s background may be found in her Form ADV
Part 2B Brochure Supplement.
Capstone offers a variety of investment advisory and related financial services to our Clients. We provide
investment advisory services, financial planning services, and retirement plan consulting services, all of which
are discussed below in further detail. The products discussed throughout this Brochure are all available on a
non-wrap fee basis. Our clients consist of individuals, high net-worth individuals, families, business owners
and corporations.
B. TYPES OF ADVISORY SERVICES
OVERVIEW OF SERVICES
Our investment advisory services consist primarily of: (1) assessing client needs and goals; (2) financial
planning designed to meet those goals; (2) implementing the asset allocation by recommending or otherwise
assisting in the client’s selection of specific investment managers or passive investment vehicles that employ
those strategies; and (3) reviewing and reassessing the client’s needs and goals, their investment portfolios,
and repeating the process on a regular, ongoing basis.
Capstone RIA dedicates itself to understanding the intricacies of each client. For all investment advisory and
related services described below, we tailor our portfolios in accordance with the client-specific needs obtained
from documented discussions, a financial plan and/ or risk assessment. Before providing investment advisory
services, Capstone takes multiple factors into consideration, including, but not limited to, investment
objectives, investment horizon, risk tolerance, as well as any reasonable guidelines and restrictions a client
may need or impose.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND FINANCIAL PLANNING SERVICES
Capstone provides discretionary investment advisory services, including financial planning, on a fee basis as
discussed at Item 5 below. Capstone’s investment advisory services are driven by and coordinated with each
Client’s individual financial goals. Before engaging Capstone to provide investment advisory services, Clients
are generally required to enter into an Investment Advisory Agreement with Capstone setting forth the terms
and conditions of the engagement (including termination), describing the scope and services to be provided,
and the fee that is due from the Client. To commence the investment advisory process, Capstone will ascertain
each Client’s investment objective(s) and then allocate the clients’ assets consistent with the clients designated
investment objective(s). For individual retail clients (i.e., non-institutional) Clients, Capstone’s annual
investment advisory fee shall generally (exceptions can occur- see below) include investment advisory
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services, and, to the extent specifically requested by the Client, financial planning and consulting services.
Limitations of Financial Planning and Non-Investment Consulting/Implementation Services
To the extent requested by the client, Capstone will generally provide financial planning and related consulting
services regarding matters such as tax and estate planning, insurance, etc. Capstone will generally provide such
consulting services inclusive of its advisory fee set forth at Item 5 below (exceptions could occur based upon
assets under management, extraordinary matters, special projects, stand-alone engagements, etc., for which the
Firm may charge a separate or additional fee). Capstone believes that it is important for the Client to address
financial planning issues on an ongoing basis. Capstone’s fee, as set forth at Item 5 below, remains the same
regardless of whether the client determines to address financial planning with the Firm. Please note, Capstone
does not serve as an attorney, accountant, or insurance agent, and no portion of our services should be construed
as the same. Accordingly, Capstone does not prepare legal documents or tax returns, does not offer or sell
insurance products. To the extent requested by the Client, we may recommend the services of other
professionals for non-investment implementation purposes (i.e., attorneys, accountants, insurance agent, etc.).
The Client is not under any obligation to engage any such professional(s). The Client retains absolute discretion
over all such implementation decisions and is free to accept or reject any recommendation from Capstone
and/or its IARs. If the client engages such professional(s) (i.e., attorney, accountant, insurance agent, etc.),
recommended or otherwise, and a dispute arises thereafter relative to such engagement, the engaged
professional shall remain exclusively responsible for resolving any such dispute with the Client. At all times,
the engaged professional(s) and not the Firm nor its IARs shall be responsible for the quality and competency
of the services provided.
It remains each Client’s responsibility to promptly notify Capstone if there is ever any change in the Client’s
financial situation or investment objectives for the purpose of reviewing/evaluating/revising our previous
recommendations and/or services.
Pontera
Capstone has entered into an agreement with Pontera (“Pontera Platform”), a third-party platform to facilitate
management of certain held-away assets such as defined contribution plan participant accounts. Capstone is
not affiliated with Pontera in any way and receives no compensation from Pontera for using the platform. To
facilitate use of the Pontera platform, the client securely logs into the Pontera site and entitles the Firm to
manage the assets, consistent with the Client’s investment goals, risk tolerance, and current economic and
market trends. The goal is to improve account performance over time, minimize losses during difficult markets,
and manage internal fees that harm account performance. Client account(s) on the Pontera Platform will be
reviewed at least quarterly, and allocation changes will be made as deemed necessary.
Advice and services are tailored to the stated objectives of the Client(s). Capstone discusses with the Client in
detail critically important information, such as the Client’s risk tolerance, time horizon, and projected future
needs, to formulate an investment policy. This policy guides the Firm in objectively and suitably managing
the Client’s account. An IAR of the firm will meet with Clients on an as needed basis to review portfolio
performance, discuss current issues, and reassess goals and plans.
The firm approach uses broadly diversified portfolios and a systematic strategy to manage investments. Our
investment recommendations generally include individual bonds, individual equities, and exchange-traded
funds, and exchange-listed and non-exchange-listed equity securities. We also recommend certificates of
deposit, municipal securities, U.S. government securities, and money market funds. If Clients hold other types
of investments, e.g., REITS, we may advise them on those investments. Clients may impose restrictions on
investing in certain securities or types of securities. We consider such restrictions when preparing the
Investment Policy Statement.
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Retirement Rollovers – Potential for Conflict of Interest: A Client or prospective client leaving an employer
typically has four options regarding an existing retirement plan (an may engage in a combination of these
options): (i) leave the money in the former employer’s plan, if permitted; (ii) rollover the assets to the new
employer’s plan, if one is available and rollovers are permitted; (iii) roll over to an Individual Retirement
Account (“IRA”); or (iv) cash out the account value which could, depending on the Client’s age, result in
adverse tax consequences. If Capstone recommends that a Client roll over their retirement plan assets into an
account to be managed by Capstone, such recommendation creates a conflict of interest if Capstone will earn
a new or, increase its current, compensation as a result of the rollover. If Capstone provides a recommendation
as to whether a Client should engage in a rollover or not (whether it is from an employer’s plan or an existing
IRA), Capstone is acting as a fiduciary within the meaning of Title 1 of the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable. We follow strict fiduciary standards as required
by the SEC, putting our Clients’ interests before our own and seeking to avoid conflicts of interest with our
Clients. We are compensated only by our Clients. Nonetheless, conflicts of interest do exist between our
interests and our Clients’ interests. Thus, our Clients are not obligated to act on our recommendations, or they
can act on one or more of our recommendations without transacting business directly with us. No Client is
under any obligation to roll over retirement plan assets to an account managed by Capstone, whether it is from
an existing IRA or from an employer’s plan. Capstone’s Chief Compliance Officer remains available to address
any questions that a Client or prospective client may have regarding the potential for conflicts of interest
provided by such rollover recommendations.
Cash Sweep Accounts
Each advisory account is designed to include a target cash allocation, between 0.50% - 1.00%, which Capstone
may adjust in its sole discretion. Capstone will review the Client’s target cash allocation at least quarterly.
Clients may enroll, to the extent permitted by applicable law, in a cash sweep program to deposit (i.e., “sweep”)
available cash balances that are pending investment, as well as any strategic cash balances allocated to cash,
in their advisory account. Additionally, Schwab generally requires that cash proceeds from account
transactions or cash deposits be swept into and/or initially maintained in the custodian’s sweep account. The
yield on the sweep account is generally lower than those available in money market accounts. To help mitigate
the corresponding yield dispersion, Capstone shall generally purchase a higher yielding money market fund
available on the custodian’s platform with cash proceeds or deposits, unless Capstone reasonably anticipates
that it will utilize the cash proceeds during the subsequent 30-day period to purchase additional investments for
the Client’s account. Exceptions and/or modifications can and will occur with respect to all or a portion of the
cash balances for various reasons, including, but not limited to, the amount of dispersion between the sweep
account and a money market fund, an indication from the Client of an imminent need for such cash, or the
Client has a demonstrated history of writing checks from the account.
Client assets that remain in the Client’s advisory account will earn interest and are subject to our advisory fee
as described in Item 5 below.
Borrowing Against Assets
A Client who has a need to borrow money could determine to do so by using margin. The account custodian or
broker-dealer lends money to the client. The custodian charges the Client interest for the right to borrow money
and uses the assets in the client’s brokerage account as collateral.
These above-described collateralized loans are generally utilized because they provide competitive interest
rates. These types of loans can assist with a pending home purchase, permit the retirement of more expensive
debt, or enable borrowing in lieu of liquidating existing account positions and incurring capital gains.
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However, such loans are not without potential material risk to the Client’s investment assets. The lender (i.e.,
custodian, bank, etc.) will have recourse against the Client’s investment assets in the event of loan default or
if the assets fall below a certain level. For this reason, Capstone does not recommend such borrowing unless
it is for specific short-term purposes (i.e., a bridge loan to purchase a new residence). Capstone does not
recommend such borrowing for investment purposes (i.e., to invest borrowed funds in the market). Regardless,
if the Client were to determine to utilize margin, the following economic benefits would inure to Capstone:
• by taking the loan rather than liquidating assets in the client’s account, CWM continues to earn a fee
•
on such Account assets;
if the client invests any portion of the loan proceeds in an account to be managed by us, CWM will
receive an advisory fee on the invested amount; and
• Capstone’s advisory fee is based upon the higher margined account value; therefore Capstone will earn
a correspondingly higher advisory fee. This may incentivize Capstone to encourage the use of margin.
Please note, the Client must accept the above risks and potential corresponding consequences associated with
the use of margin or pledged assets loans.
Custodian Charges – Additional Fees: As discussed at Item 12 below, when requested to recommend a
broker-dealer/custodian for client accounts, Capstone generally recommends that Charles Schwab &
Company, Inc. (“Schwab”) serve as the broker-dealer/custodian for the Client’s investment management
assets. Broker-dealers such as Schwab charge commissions, transaction, and/or other types of fees for effecting
certain types of securities transactions (i.e., IRA maintenance fees, transaction fees for certain mutual funds,
and mark-ups and mark-downs charged for fixed income transactions). These types of fees may differ
depending on the broker-dealer custodian. While certain custodians, including Schwab, generally do not
charge fees on individual equity transactions (excluding large orders), others do. There can be no assurance
that Schwab will not change their transaction fee pricing in the future. Schwab may also charge fees to Clients
who elect to receive trade confirmations and account statement by regular mail rather than electronically.
Tradeaways: When beneficial to the Client, individual fixed-income and/or equity transactions may be
effected through broker-dealer with whom Capstone and/or the client have entered into arrangements for prime
brokerage clearing services, including effecting certain client transactions through other SEC registered and
FINRA member broker-dealers (in which event, the client will generally incur both the transaction fee charged
by the executing broker-dealer and a “trade-away” fee charged by Schwab. The above fees/charges are in
addition to Capstone’s fee described at Item 5 below. Capstone does not receive any portion of these
fees/charges.
Portfolio Activity: Capstone has a fiduciary duty to provide services consistent with the client’s best interest.
As part of its investment advisory services, Capstone will review client portfolios on an ongoing basis to
determine if any changes are necessary based upon various factors, including, but not limited to, investment
performance, fund manager tenure, style drift, account additions/withdrawals, and/or a change in the client’s
investment objective. Based upon these factors, there may be extended periods of time when Capstone
determines that changes to a client’s portfolio are neither necessary nor prudent. Clients nonetheless remain
subject to the fees described in Item 5 below during periods of account inactivity.
Reporting Services: Capstone provides its Clients access to Black Diamond, a management software program
which pulls its data from the Client’s custodian. Black Diamond may incorporate client investment assets that
are not part of the assets that Capstone manages (the “Excluded Assets”). Unless also agreed to otherwise,
Advisor does not provide investment management, monitoring or implementation services for the Excluded
Assets. Unless agreed to otherwise, the Client and/or their other advisors that maintain trading authority, and
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not Capstone, shall be exclusively responsible for the investment performance of the Excluded Assets. If
Capstone is asked to make a recommendation as to any Excluded Assets, the Client is under absolutely no
obligation to accept the recommendation, and Capstone shall not be responsible for any implementation error
(timing, trading, etc.) relative to the Excluded Assets. The Client can engage Capstone to provide investment
management services for the Excluded Assets pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Investment Advisory
Agreement between Capstone and the Client.
Should the value of the Client’s accounts provided by Black Diamond differ from the value specified by the
Client’s custodian, the Company will utilize the value provided by Black Diamond for billing purposes. In
limited circumstances, when required by the record keeper or custodian, the market value of the Client’s account
on the last day of the billing period shall be used to calculate the advisory fee. Clients do not pay a separate fee
for Black Diamond.
Disclosure Statement: A copy of Capstone’s written Brochure and Client Relationship Summary, as set forth
on Part 2A of Form ADV and Form CRS respectively, shall be provided to each Client prior to, or
contemporaneously with, the execution of the Investment Advisory Agreement or Financial Planning and
Consulting Agreement.
D. WRAP FEE PROGRAMS
We do not participate in a wrap fee program.
E. ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT
As of December 31, 2025, Capstone reports $241,081,561 in client assets on a discretionary basis and $0.00
on a non- discretionary basis.
ITEM 5 : FEES AND COMPENSATION
Capstone’s annual investment advisory fee shall be based upon a percentage (%) of the market value and type
of assets placed under its management, including cash and accrued interest on bonds and dividends payable on
mutual funds. For our standard services, clients will pay 1.0% per annum and for our enhanced services, clients
will pay between 1.0%-3.0% per annum. Clients with assets under management that exceed $4MM will
receive a reduced fee of 0.80%.
Capstone’s advisory fee is not negotiable. However, Capstone, in its discretion, may charge a lesser investment
advisory fee, charge a flat fee, waive fee in its entirety, or charge fee on a different interval, based upon certain
criteria (i.e. dollar amount of accounts to be managed, related accounts, account composition, complexity of
the engagement, services to be rendered, grandfathered fee schedules, employees and family members,
courtesy accounts, competition, etc.). As a result of these factors, similarly situated clients could pay different
or lesser fees. The services to be provided by Capstone to any particular Client could be available from other
advisers for similar or lower fees, and certain Clients may have fees different than those specifically set forth
above. Capstone’s Chief Compliance Officer remains available to address any questions that a Client has
regarding advisory fees.
As described in Item 4, when advising clients who participate in employee benefit plans held away from
Schwab, Capstone will utilize extended services and will charge the client up to 3.00% of the Clients total
AUM (assets held at Schwab) annually. Client should refer to their Investment Advisory Agreement for the
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fees they will be charged. Capstone’s Chief Compliance Officer remains available to address any questions
that a Client has regarding fees and services.
Custodial Statement Valuation. Clients’ custodial statements will generally not account for any accrued
interest on bonds or dividends payable on mutual funds until one or two days into the following quarter.
Additionally, deposits to or withdrawals from a Client’s account on the last billing day of the month may not
be reflected on the custodian’s current statement. These transactions will appear in the following statement
reflecting the actual and accurate date of the deposit or withdrawal. Therefore, in some instances, what Capstone
uses as the Client’s quarter end balance may be different from what the Client’s custodial statements reflects
as an ending balance.
We bill client advisory fees quarterly, in advance based on the Client’s average daily balance based on closing
value at the end of each day. A notice, detailing the amount of the fee to be deducted from the Client’s account,
is sent directly to the custodian. Fees are paid directly to us from the account by the custodian upon our
submission of an invoice to custodian. The fee is based on an average daily balance calculated using the daily
market closing value of the Client’s account based on the number of days in the prior quarter. Fees for a partial
quarter at the commencement of an agreement will be prorated based on the number of days the account was
open during the quarter. In the event of termination, Capstone will refund any unearned portion of the advanced
fee paid based upon the number of days remaining in the billing quarter.
Market value means the value of all assets in the account (not adjusted by any margin debit). To determine
value, securities and other instruments traded on a market for which actual transaction prices are publicly
reported shall be valued at the last reported sale price on the principal market in which they are traded (or, if
there shall be no sales on such date.
Clients pay brokerage transaction costs and other charges directly to the custodian. See Item 12. Clients may
be required to pay, in addition to Capstone fee, a proportionate share of any Exchange Traded Fund’s (ETF)
or mutual fund’s fees and charges. For example, Mutual fund operating expenses are paid out of the fund and
are an additional expense incurred by the Client.
New accounts are pro-rated from the time we begin charging a fee to the Client. Fees for partial quarters at the
commencement or termination of this Agreement will be billed on a pro-rated basis contingent on the number
of days the account was open during the quarter.
Termination Of Advisory Agreement. Either the Client or Capstone may terminate the Investment Advisory
Agreement at any time by either party giving verbal or written notice to the other party specifying the date of
termination. Clients who terminate their Agreement will receive a refund of the portion of any fee paid but not
yet earned as of the date such notice is received or such later date as may be designated by the client, based on
the following formula:
(Days remaining in quarter after termination) X (Fees paid for the quarter)
(Total number of days in the quarter)
Less (Any expenses incurred by Advisor, up to and including that date.)
B. Payment of Fees
Clients may elect to have Capstone’s advisory fees deducted from their custodial account. Both Capstone’s
Investment Advisory Agreement and the custodial/clearing agreement may authorize the custodian to debit
the account for the amount of Capstone’s investment advisory fee and to directly remit that management fee
to Capstone in compliance with regulatory procedures. Unless otherwise specified, fees are charged quarterly
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in advance. The client’s first billing cycle will be prorated based on the number of days the client’s account was
opened and how much was funded into the account during their first month. In addition, for Clients utilizing
margin, Capstone will include the entire market value of the margined assets when computing its advisory
fee.
C.
As discussed below, unless the client directs otherwise or an individual client’s circumstances require,
Capstone shall generally recommend that Schwab serve as the broker-dealer/custodian for client investment
management assets. Broker-dealers such as Schwab charge brokerage commissions, transaction, and/or other
type fees for effecting certain types of securities transactions (i.e., including transaction fees for certain mutual
funds, and mark-ups and mark-downs charged for fixed income transactions, etc.). The types of securities for
which transaction fees, commissions, and/or other type fees (as well as the amount of those fees) shall differ
depending upon the broker-dealer/custodian. While certain custodians, including Schwab, generally (with the
potential exception for large orders) do not currently charge fees on individual equity transactions (including
ETFs), others do. There can be no assurance that Schwab will not change their transaction fee pricing in the
future. Schwab may also assess fees to clients who elect to receive trade confirmations and account statements
by regular mail rather than electronically. Clients will incur, in addition to Capstone’s investment management
fee, brokerage commissions and/or transaction fees, and, relative to all mutual fund and exchange traded fund
purchases, charges imposed at the fund level (e.g., management fees and other fund expenses).
Capstone 's annual investment advisory fee shall be prorated and paid quarterly, in advance, based
D.
upon the average daily balance of the assets, unless otherwise agreed. The Investment Advisory Agreement
between Capstone and the client will continue in effect until terminated by either party by written notice in
accordance with the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement. Upon termination, Capstone shall refund the
pro-rated portion of the advanced advisory fee paid based upon the number of days remaining in the billing
quarter.
Neither Capstone, nor its IARs accept compensation from the sale of securities or other investment
E.
products.
ITEM 6: PERFORMANCE- BASED FEES AND SIDE- BY- SIDE MANAGEMENT
A. PERFORMANCE BASED COMPENSATION
Neither Capstone nor any supervised person of Capstone accepts performance-based fees.
B. SIDE-BY- SIDE MANAGEMENT
Capstone does not provide Side-By-Side Management.
ITEM 7 : TYPES OF CLIENTS
We provide investment advice to individuals, high net-worth individuals, families, business owners and
corporations.
Capstone has no minimum account size for opening or maintaining an account.
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ITEM 8 : METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES & RISK OF LOSS
A. METHODS OF ANALYSIS & INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
Capstone believes in a long-term, balanced, disciplined approach to investing. As such, we build globally
diversified portfolios that typically include ETF’s, stocks, bonds, real estate, alternative investments (such as
commodities funds), and cash. These asset classes are accessed via mutual funds, exchange traded funds, and
individual stocks and bonds. Investing takes place within the context of the plan that is tailored to each client’s
unique situation. Numerous studies and statistics have shown that a stable, disciplined investment approach
with a long-term perspective yields better long-term results than a rapid trading, market timing approach.
As part of our core investment approach, we purchase on behalf of clients’ investments including (but not
limited to) the following:
Mutual Fund shares
•
Exchange Traded Fund shares
•
Publicly and non-publicly traded securities
•
Corporate debt securities
•
Certificates of deposit
•
Municipal securities
•
United States government and agency securities
•
We primarily research and review securities using traditional fundamental analysis. The primary investment
strategies used to implement investment advice given to Clients include long-term (securities held at least one
year) and short-term (securities sold within a year) purchases. The fundamental analysis of securities is used
in conjunction with modern portfolio theory to generate diversified portfolios of securities based on the
individual Client’s investment goals and risk tolerance profile. While this practice does mediate some
investment risk, it cannot mediate all investment risk. This residual systemic risk includes, but is not limited to,
interest rate risk, inflation risk, market risk, corporate risk, geopolitical risk, and risk due to war or natural
disasters.
The main sources of information we rely upon when researching and analyzing securities include traditional
research materials such as financial newspapers and magazines, annual reports, prospectuses, filings with the
SEC, as well as research materials prepared by others and company press releases. We also subscribe to various
professional publications deemed to be consistent and supportive of our investment philosophy.
B. RISK OF LOSS
Clients must be aware that investing in securities involves the risk of loss of principal that clients should be
prepared to bear.
We use our best judgment and good faith efforts in rendering services to Client. We cannot warrant or
guarantee any particular level of account performance, or that an account will be profitable over time. Not
every investment recommendation we make will be profitable. Investing in securities involves risk of loss that
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Clients should be prepared to bear. Clients assume all market risk involved in the investment of account assets.
Investments are subject to various market, currency, economic, political, and business risks.
Capstone’s methods of analysis and investment strategies do not present any significant or unusual risks.
However, every method of analysis has its own inherent risks. To perform an accurate market analysis
Capstone must have access to current/new market information. Capstone has no control over the dissemination
rate of market information; therefore, unbeknownst to Capstone, certain analyses may be compiled with
outdated market information, severely limiting the value of Capstone’s analysis. Furthermore, an accurate
market analysis can only produce a forecast of the direction of market values. There can be no assurances that
a forecasted change in market value will materialize into actionable and/or profitable investment opportunities.
Capstone’s primary investment strategies - Long Term Purchases and Short-Term Purchases - are fundamental
investment strategies. However, every investment strategy has its own inherent risks and limitations. For
example, longer term investment strategies require a longer investment time period to allow for the strategy to
potentially develop. Shorter term investment strategies require a shorter investment time period to potentially
develop but, as a result of more frequent trading, may incur higher transactional costs when compared to a
longer-term investment strategy.
Different types of investments involve varying degrees of risk, and it should not be assumed that future
performance of any specific investment or investment strategy (including the investments and/or investment
strategies recommended or undertaken by Capstone) will be profitable or equal any specific performance
level(s). Capstone does not represent, warrant, or imply that its services or methods of analysis can or will
predict future results, successfully identify market tops or bottoms, or insulate clients from losses due to market
corrections or declines. Notwithstanding Capstone’s method of analysis or investment strategy, the assets
within the client’s portfolio are subject to risk of devaluation or loss. The Client should be aware that there are
many different events that can affect the value of the client’s assets or portfolio including, but not limited to,
changes in financial status of companies, market fluctuations, changes in exchange rates, trading suspensions
and delays, economic reports, and natural disasters.
All investment programs have certain risks that are borne by the investor. Our investment approach constantly
keeps the risk of loss in mind. Investors face the following investment risks:
•
Interest-rate Risk: Fluctuations in interest rates may cause investment prices to fluctuate. For
example, when interest rates rise, yields on existing bonds become less attractive, causing their
market values to decline.
• Market Risk: The price of a security, bond, or mutual fund may drop in reaction to tangible and
intangible events and conditions. This type of risk is caused by external factors independent of a
security’s particular underlying circumstances. For example, political, economic, and social
conditions may trigger market events.
•
Inflation Risk: When any type of inflation is present, a dollar will be worth more today than a dollar
next year, because purchasing power is eroding at the rate of inflation.
•
Prepayment Risk: The returns on the collateral for the deal can change dramatically at times if the
debtors prepay the loans earlier than scheduled.
•
Currency Risk: Overseas investments are subject to fluctuations in the value of the dollar against
the currency of the investment’s originating country. This is also referred to as exchange rate risk.
•
Reinvestment Risk: This is the risk that future proceeds from investments may have to be reinvested
at a potentially lower rate of return (i.e., interest rate). This primarily relates to fixed income
securities.
•
Business Risk: This risk is associated with a particular industry or a particular company within an
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industry.
•
Liquidity Risk: Liquidity is the ability to readily convert an investment into cash. Generally, assets
are more liquid if many traders are interested in a standardized product. For example, Treasury Bills
are highly liquid, while real estate properties are not.
•
Cybersecurity Risk: The information technology systems and networks that Capstone and its
third-party service providers use to provide services to Capstone’s Clients employ various controls,
which are designed to prevent cybersecurity incidents stemming from intentional or unintentional
actions that could cause significant interruptions in Capstone’s operations and result in the
unauthorized acquisition or use of clients’ confidential or non-public personal information. Clients
and Capstone are nonetheless subject to the risk of cybersecurity incidents that could ultimately
cause them to incur losses, including for example: financial losses, cost and reputational damage to
respond to regulatory obligations, other costs associated with corrective measures, and loss from
damage or interruption to systems. Although Capstone has established procedures to reduce the
risk of cybersecurity incidents, there is no guarantee that these efforts will always be successful,
especially considering that Capstone does not directly control the cybersecurity measures and
policies employed by third-party service providers. Clients could incur similar adverse
consequences resulting from cybersecurity incidents that more directly affect issuers of securities
in which those clients invest, broker-dealers, qualified custodians, governmental and other
regulatory authorities, exchange and other financial market operators, or other financial institutions.
Risk Factors relevant to specific securities utilized include:
• Digital Assets – We may invest client accounts in virtual currencies, crypto-currencies, and digital
coins and tokens (“Digital Assets”). The investment characteristics of Digital Assets generally differ
from those of traditional currencies, commodities, or securities. Importantly, Digital Assets are not
backed by a central bank or a national, supra-national or quasi-national organization, any hard assets,
human capital, or other form of credit. Rather, Digital Assets are market-based: a Digital Asset’s
value is determined by (and fluctuates often, according to) supply and demand factors, the number
of merchants that accept it, and/or the value that various market participants place on it through their
mutual agreement, barter, or transactions.
• Equity Securities: The value of the equity securities is subject to market risk, including changes in
economic conditions, growth rates, profits, interest rates and the market’s perception of these
securities. While offering greater potential for long-term growth, equity securities are more volatile
and riskier than some other forms of investment.
• Exchange Traded Funds (“ETF”): ETFs are a recently developed type of investment security,
representing an interest in a passively managed portfolio of securities selected to replicate a securities
index, such as the S&P 500 Index or the Dow Jones Industrial Average, or to represent exposure to
a particular industry or sector. Unlike open-end mutual funds, the shares of ETFs and closed-end
investment companies are not purchased and redeemed by investors directly with the fund but instead
are purchased and sold through broker-dealers in transactions on a stock exchange. Because ETF and
closed-end fund shares are traded on an exchange, they may trade at a discount from or a premium
to the net asset value per share of the underlying portfolio of securities. In addition to bearing the
risks related to investments in equity securities, investors in ETFs intended to replicate a securities
index bear the risk that the ETF’s performance may not correctly replicate the performance of the
index. Investors in ETFs, closed-end funds and other investment companies bear a proportionate share
of the expenses of those funds, including management fees, custodial and accounting costs, and other
expenses. Trading in ETF and closed-end fund shares also entails payment of brokerage commissions
and other transaction costs.
• Exchange Traded Notes (“ETN”): ETNs are senior unsecured debt obligations of an issuer,
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typically a bank or another financial institution; however, ETNs are not categorized as typical fixed
income products. They have a maturity date and are backed only by the credit of the underwriting
bank. ETNs are linked to the performance of a particular market benchmark(s) or strategy and upon
maturity, the underwriting bank promises to pay the amount reflected in the benchmark index minus
fees. ETNs are only linked to the performance of a benchmark, they do not actually own the
benchmark index. ETNs also face the risk that the credit rating of the underwriting bank may be
reduced, or the underwriting bank may go bankrupt, thus reducing the value of the ETN. Even
though ETNs are not equities or index funds, they may face some of the risks of investing in equities
or index funds.
• Fixed Income Securities Risk: Prices of fixed income securities tend to move inversely with
changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in rates will adversely affect fixed income security prices.
The longer the effective maturity and duration of the client’s portfolio, the more the portfolio’s value
is likely to react to interest rates. For example, securities with longer maturities sometimes offer
higher yields, but are subject to greater price shifts because of interest rate changes than debt
securities with shorter maturities. Some fixed income securities give the issuer the option to call, or
redeem, the securities before their maturity dates. If an issuer calls its security during a time of
declining interest rates, we might have to reinvest the proceeds in an investment offering a lower
yield and therefore might not benefit from any increase in value because of declining interest rates.
During periods of market illiquidity or rising interest rates, prices of callable issues are subject to
increased price fluctuation.
• Municipal Bond Risk: Municipal securities issuers may face local economic or business conditions
(including bankruptcy) and litigation, legislation or other political events that could have a significant
effect on the ability of the municipality to make payments on the interest or principal of its municipal
bonds. In addition, because municipalities issue municipal securities to finance similar types of
projects, such as education, healthcare, transportation, infrastructure and utility projects, conditions
in those sectors can affect the overall municipal bond market. Furthermore, changes in the financial
condition of one municipality may affect the overall municipal bond market. The municipal
obligations in which clients invest will be subject to credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk, credit
spread risk, selection risk, call and redemption risk and tax risk, and the occurrence of any one of
these risks may materially and adversely affect the value of the client’s assets or profits.
• Mutual Fund Shares: Some of the risks of investing in mutual fund shares include: (i) the price to
invest in mutual fund shares is the fund’s per share net asset value (NAV) plus any shareholder fees
that the fund imposes at the time of purchase (such as sales loads), (ii) investors must pay sales
charges, annual fees, and other expenses regardless of how the fund performs, and (iii) investors
typically cannot ascertain the exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio at any given time, nor can they
directly influence which securities the fund manager buys and sells or the timing of those trades.
• Options and Other Derivatives: Options are contracts to purchase a security at a given price,
risking that an option may expire out of the money resulting in minimal or no value. An uncovered
option is a type of options contract that is not backed by an offsetting position that would help
mitigate risk. The risk for a “naked” or uncovered put is not unlimited, whereas the potential loss for
an uncovered call option is limitless. Spread option positions entail buying and selling multiple
options on the same underlying security, but with different strike prices or expiration dates, which
helps limit the risk of other option trading strategies. Option transactions also involve risks including
but not limited to economic risk, market risk, sector risk, idiosyncratic risk, political/regulatory risk,
inflation (purchasing power) risk and interest rate risk.
While this information provides a synopsis of the events that may affect a client’s investments, this listing is
not exhaustive. Although Capstone’s methods of analysis and investment strategies do not present any
significant or unusual risks, all investment programs have certain risks that are borne by the investor. Our
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investment approach constantly keeps the risk of loss in mind. Clients should understand that there are inherent
risks associated with investing and depending on the risk occurrence; clients may suffer loss of all or part of
the client’s principal investment.
ITEM 9: DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
Capstone is required to disclose all material facts regarding any legal or disciplinary event that would be
material to your evaluation of our firm, or the integrity of our management. No principal or person associated
with Capstone has any information to disclose which is applicable to this Item.
ITEM 1 0 : OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS
A. FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES
Capstone is not a registered broker-dealer and does not have an application pending to register as a broker-
dealer. Some of Capstone’s supervised persons may be registered as a registered representative of a broker-
dealer.
B. FINANCIAL INDUSTRY AFFILIATIONS
Capstone is not a registered Futures Commission Merchant, Commodity Pool Operator, or Commodity
Trading Advisor and does not have an application pending to register as such. Furthermore, Capstone’s
management and supervised persons are not registered as and do not have an application pending to register as
an associated person of the foregoing entities.
C. OTHER MATERIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Associates of Capstone are licensed as insurance agents, however they do not sell insurance products.
The conflicts of interest associated with the above arrangements and how these conflicts are addressed are
described in Item 5E above.
D. OTHER INVESTMENT ADVISORS
Capstone does not receive additional compensation from other investment advisers that it recommends to or
selects for clients.
ITEM 11: CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS
AND PERSONAL TRADING
A. DESCRIPTION OF CODE OF ETHICS
Capstone maintains an investment policy relative to personal securities transactions. This investment policy is
part of Capstone’s overall Code of Ethics, which serves to establish a standard of business conduct for all of
Capstone’s Representatives that is based upon fundamental principles of openness, integrity, honesty and trust,
a copy of which is available upon request. In accordance with Section 204A of the Investment Advisers Act of
1940, Capstone also maintains and enforces written policies reasonably designed to prevent the misuse of
material non-public information by Capstone or any person associated with Capstone.
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B. PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS
Neither Capstone nor any related person of Capstone recommends, buys, or sells for client accounts,
securities in which Capstone or any related person of Capstone has a material financial interest.
C. PROPRIETARY/SIMULTANEOUS TRADING
Capstone and/or representatives of Capstone may buy or sell securities that are also recommended to clients.
This practice may create a situation where Capstone and/or representatives of Capstone are in a position to
materially benefit from the sale or purchase of those securities. Therefore, this situation creates a conflict of
interest. Practices such as “scalping” (i.e., a practice whereby the owner of shares of a security recommends
that security for investment and then immediately sells it at a profit upon the rise in the market price which
follows the recommendation) could take place if Capstone did not have adequate policies in place to detect
such activities. In addition, this requirement can help detect insider trading, “front-running” (i.e., personal
trades executed prior to those of Capstone’s clients) and other potentially abusive practices. Capstone has a
personal securities transaction policy in place to monitor the personal securities transactions and securities
holdings of each of Capstone’s “Access Persons.” Capstone’s securities transaction policy requires that Access
Person of Capstone must provide the Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee with a written report of
their current securities holdings within ten (10) days after becoming an Access Person. Additionally, each
Access Person must provide the Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee with a written report of the
Access Person’s current securities holdings at least once each twelve (12) month period thereafter on a date
Capstone selects; provided, however that at any time that Capstone has only one Access Person, he or she shall
not be required to submit any securities report described above.
Capstone and/or representatives of Capstone may buy or sell securities, at or around the same time as those
securities are recommended to clients. This practice creates a situation where Capstone and/or representatives
of Capstone are in a position to materially benefit from the sale or purchase of those securities. Therefore, this
situation creates a conflict of interest. As indicated above, Capstone has a personal securities transaction policy
in place to monitor the personal securities transaction and securities holdings of each of Capstone’s Access
Persons.
ITEM 1 2 : BROKERAGE PRACTICES
A. SELECTION AND RECOMMENDATION
In the event that the Client requests Capstone recommend a broker-dealer/custodian for execution and/or
custodial services (exclusive of those clients that may direct Capstone to use a specific broker-
dealer/custodian), Capstone generally recommends that investment management accounts be maintained at
Schwab. Prior to engaging Capstone to provide investment management services, the Client will be required to
enter into a formal Investment Advisory Agreement with Capstone setting forth the terms and conditions under
which Capstone shall manage the client's assets, and a separate custodial/clearing agreement with each
designated broker-dealer/ custodian. Factors that Capstone considers in recommending Schwab (or any other
broker-dealer/custodian, investment platform and/or mutual fund sponsor) include historical relationship with
Capstone, financial strength, reputation, execution capabilities, pricing, research, and service. Broker-Dealers
such as Schwab can charge transaction fees for effecting certain securities transactions (see Item 4 above). To
the extent a transaction fee will be payable by the Client, the transaction fee shall be in addition to Capstone’s
investment advisory fee referenced in Item 5 above.
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To the extent that a transaction fee is payable, Capstone shall have a duty to obtain best execution for such
transaction. However, that does not mean that the Client will not pay a transaction fee that is higher than
another qualified broker-dealer might charge to effect the same transaction where Capstone determines, in
good faith, that the transaction fee is reasonable. In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the
lowest possible cost, but whether the transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into
consideration the full range of a broker-dealer’s services, including the value of research provided, execution
capability, transaction rates, and responsiveness. Accordingly, although Capstone will seek competitive rates,
it may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible rates for client account transactions.
B. RESEARCH AND OTHER BENEFITS
Although not a material consideration when determining whether to recommend that a Client utilize the
services of a particular broker-dealer/custodian, Capstone can receive from Schwab (or another broker-
dealer/custodian, investment manager, platform sponsor, mutual fund sponsor, or vendor) without cost (and/or
at a discount) support services and/or products, certain of which assist Capstone to better monitor and service
client accounts maintained by at such institutions. Included within the support services that can be obtained by
Capstone can be investment-related research, pricing information and market data, software and other
technology that provide access to client account data, compliance and/or practice management- related
publications discounted or gratis consulting services (including those provided by unaffiliated vendors and
professionals), discounted and/or gratis attendance at conferences, meetings, and other educational and/or
social events, marketing support (including client events), computer hardware and/or software and/or other
products used by Capstone in furtherance of its investment advisory business operations, Certain of the benefits
that could be received can also assist Capstone to manage and further develop its business enterprise and/or
benefit Capstone’s IARs.
Capstone’s clients do not pay more for investment transactions effected and/or or assets maintained at Schwab
as the result of this arrangement. There is no corresponding commitment made by Capstone to Schwab, or any
other entity, to invest any specific amount or percentage of client assets in any specific mutual funds, securities
or other investment products as a result of the above arrangement.
Capstone’s Chief Compliance Officer remains available to address any questions that a Client or prospective
client may have regarding the above arrangements and the corresponding conflicts of interest presented by
such arrangements.
C. BROKERAGE FOR CLIENT REFERRALS
Capstone does not receive client referrals from third parties for recommending the use of specific broker- dealer
brokerage services.
D. DIRECTED BROKERAGE
Capstone does not generally accept directed brokerage arrangements (when a client requires that account
transactions be effected through a specific broker-dealer). In such client directed arrangements, the Client will
negotiate terms and arrangements for their account with that broker-dealer, and Capstone will not seek better
execution services or prices from other broker-dealers or be able to "batch" the client's transactions for
execution through other broker-dealers with orders for other accounts managed by Capstone. As a result, Client
may pay higher commissions or other transaction costs or greater spreads, or receive less favorable net prices,
on transactions for the account than would otherwise be the case.
In the event that the Client directs Capstone to effect securities transactions for the Client's accounts through a
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specific broker-dealer, the Client correspondingly acknowledges that such direction may cause the accounts
to incur higher commissions or transaction costs than the accounts would otherwise incur had the Client
determined to effect account transactions through alternative clearing arrangements that may be available
through Capstone. Higher transaction costs adversely impact account performance.
Transactions for directed accounts will generally be executed following the execution of portfolio transactions
for non-directed accounts.
Capstone does not permit clients to direct the use of a particular brokerage firm. Not all advisors restrict
Clients’ ability to direct brokerage. Clients may be able to direct brokerage with other advisors. If Clients are
able to direct brokerage, advisors may be unable to achieve the most favorable executions of transactions which
in turn may cost clients more money.
E. ORDER AGGREGATION
To the extent that Capstone provides investment management services to its clients, the transactions for each
Client account generally will be effected independently, unless Capstone decides to purchase or sell the same
securities for several clients at approximately the same time. Capstone may (but is not obligated to) combine
or “bunch” such orders to seek best execution, to negotiate more favorable commission rates or to allocate
equitably among Capstone’s Clients’ differences in prices and commissions or other transaction costs that
might have been obtained had such orders been placed independently. Under this procedure, transactions will
be averaged as to price and will be allocated among clients in proportion to the purchase and sale orders placed
for each client account on any given day. In the event that Capstone seeks to trade in the same security on the
same day, the employee transaction will either be included in the “batch” transaction or transacted after all
discretionary client transactions have been completed. Capstone shall not receive any additional compensation
or remuneration as a result of such aggregation.
F. TRADE ERROR POLICY
Trade errors may occur either in the (a) investment decision-making process (e.g. a decision may be to
purchase a security or an amount of the security that is inconsistent with a client’s investment restrictions) or
(b) trading process (e.g., a buy order may be executed as a sell or, vice versa, or a security other than that which
the portfolio manager ordered may be purchased or sold). It is Capstone’s policy to minimize the occurrence
of trade errors. Should any trade errors which are attributable to Capstone occur, the firm shall take any steps
necessary to put the client in the position it should have been but for the trade error. Consistent with our fiduciary
duty, it is our policy to correct trade errors in a manner that is in the best interest of the Client. In cases where
the client causes the trade error, the client will be responsible for any loss resulting from the correction.
Depending on the specific circumstances of the trade error, the Client may not be able to receive any gains
generated as a result of the error correction. In all situations where the Client does not cause the trade error, the
Client will be made whole and any loss resulting from the trade error will be absorbed by Capstone if the error
was caused by Capstone. If the error is caused by the custodian, the custodian will be responsible for covering
all trade error costs. Capstone will never benefit or profit from trade errors.
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ITEM 1 3 : REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
A. PERIODIC REVIEWS
Mr. Ryan, Member and IAR of Capstone, offers and conducts a review, at least annually unless the client
elects against review, of client accounts and financial plans to monitor various things, such as third-party
portfolio managers’ investment performances and asset allocations, suitability, market conditions and more.
The reviews also consist of determining whether a client’s investment goals and objectives are aligned with
Capstone's investment strategies.
INTERMITTENT REVIEW FACTORS
B.
Intermittent reviews may be triggered by substantial market fluctuation or market corrections, economic or
political events, changes in the client’s financial status (such as retirement, termination of employment,
relocation, inheritance, etc.) or Client request. Clients are advised to notify Capstone promptly if there are any
material changes in their financial situation, investment objectives, or in the event they wish to place
restrictions on their account.
C. REPORTS
Clients are provided, at least quarterly, with written transaction confirmation notices and regular written
summary account statements directly from the broker-dealer/custodian and/or program sponsor for the client
accounts. Clients’ custodial statements will generally not account for any accrued interest on bonds or
dividends payable on mutual funds until one or two days into the following quarter. Additionally, deposits to
or withdrawals from a Client’s account on the last billing day of the month may not be reflected on custodian’s
current statement. These transactions will appear in the following statement reflecting the actual and accurate
date of the deposit or withdrawal.
ITEM 1 4 : CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
As indicated at Item 12 above, Capstone, without cost (and/or at a discount), receives support services and/or
products from Schwab. There is no corresponding commitment made by Capstone to Schwab or any other entity
to invest any specific amount or percentage of client assets in any specific mutual funds, securities or other
investment products as a result of the above arrangement.
Capstone does not maintain promoter arrangements or pay referral fee compensation to non-employees for new
client relationships.
ITEM 1 5 : CUSTODY
A. CUSTODIAN OF ASSETS
Capstone shall have the ability to have its advisory fee for each client debited by the custodian on a quarterly
basis. With the exception of Capstone’s ability to debit fees, Capstone does not otherwise have custody of the
assets in the account. Clients provide written authority to have fees debited from their accounts when they
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review and sign Capstone’s Investment Advisory Agreement. They also provide the custodian with the
authority to release fee payments from their accounts when they sign the custodial account application. Clients
shall receive monthly account statements from the custodian. The account custodian does not verify the
accuracy of the Capstone’s advisory fee calculation.
Capstone shall have no liability to the Client for any loss or other harm to any property in the account, including
any harm to any property in the account resulting from the insolvency of the custodian or any acts of the agents
or employees of the custodian and whether or not the full amount or such loss is covered by the Securities
Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”) or any other insurance which may be carried by the custodian. The
Client understands that SIPC provides only limited protection for the loss of property held by a custodian.
Certain client accounts subject to Capstone’s services may be held at a custodian that is not directly accessible
by Capstone (“qualified accounts”). Capstone may, but is not required to, manage these qualified accounts using
extended services, which currently include the Pontera Platform, allowing Capstone to view and manage these
assets. To manage qualified assets, you must agree to the Pontera End User Terms and Conditions and Privacy
Policy and must further agree to keep Capstone apprised of any changes to your usernames and passwords for
qualified accounts so that Capstone can promptly update your credentials using the Pontera system. You also
must agree to promptly address any requests to update your login credentials when requested by the Pontera
system or Capstone. In the event of any delay by you to update your login credentials, you must acknowledge
in your agreement that Capstone will not have access to view or manage your qualified account, which may
result in investment losses. Capstone will not be responsible for any losses arising from your delays in updating
its login credentials through the Pontera system. Capstone will be under no obligation to credit any fees for
valuations made in good faith during periods when Capstone did not have access to any qualified account in
calculating its fees under the investment advisory agreement.
B. ACCOUNT STATEMENTS
Although Capstone is the client’s adviser, the client’s statements will be mailed or made available
electronically by the broker-dealer or custodian. When the client receives these statements, they should be
reviewed carefully. Clients should compare asset values, holdings, and fees on the statement to that in the
account statement issued the previous period.
ITEM 1 6 : INVESTMENT DISCRETION
The Client can determine to engage Capstone to provide investment advisory services on a discretionary basis.
In this case, Clients will grant Capstone ongoing and continuous discretionary authority to execute its
investment recommendations in accordance with Capstone’s Statement of Investment Policy (or similar
document used to establish each Client’s objectives and suitability), without the Client’s prior approval of each
specific transaction. Under this discretionary authority, Client allows Capstone to purchase and sell securities
and instruments in their account(s), arrange for delivery and payment in connection with the foregoing, select
and retain sub-advisors, and act on behalf of the Client in matters necessary or incidental to the handling of the
account, including monitoring certain assets. Prior to the Registrant assuming discretionary authority over a
client’s account, client shall be required to execute an Investment Advisory Agreement, naming Capstone as
the Client’s attorney and agent in fact, granting Capstone full authority to buy, sell, or otherwise effect
investment transactions involving the assets in the client’s name found in the discretionary account. Clients
who engage Capstone on a discretionary basis may, at any time, impose restrictions, in writing, on Capstone’s
discretionary authority (i.e., limit the types/amounts of particular securities purchased for their account, exclude
the ability to purchase securities with an inverse relationship to the market, limit or proscribe the Registrant’s
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use of margin, etc.).
ITEM 1 7 : VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
Capstone does not vote Client proxies. Clients maintain exclusive responsibility for: (1) directing the manner
in which proxies solicited by issuers of securities beneficially owned by the client shall be voted, and (2)
making all elections, decisions and filings relative to any mergers, acquisitions, tender offers, bankruptcy
proceedings or other type events pertaining to the client’s investment assets. Furthermore, Capstone will not
take any action or render any advice with respect to any securities held in any client’s accounts that are named
in or subject to class action lawsuits. Capstone will however, forward to the client any information received by
Capstone regarding class action legal matters involving any security held in the client’s account.
Clients will receive their proxies or other solicitations directly from their custodian. Clients may contact the
Registrant to discuss any questions they may have with a particular solicitation.
ITEM 1 8 : FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. BALANCE SHEET REQUIREMENT
Capstone does not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six month or more in
advance.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
B.
Capstone is unaware of any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair its ability to meet its
contractual commitments relating to its discretionary authority over certain client accounts.
C. BANKRUPTCY PETITION
Neither Capstone, nor any of the principals, have been the subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time in the
past. Capstone’s Chief Compliance Officer remains available to address any questions that a Client or
prospective client may have regarding the above disclosures and arrangements.
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