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Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure
CARRERA CAPITAL ADVISORS, LLC
901 Wilshire Dr., Suite 565
Troy, Michigan 48084
Telephone: (248) 244-6051
December 16, 2025
This Brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Carrera
Capital Advisors, LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this Brochure, please
contact us at (248) 244-6051 or mkulaga@carrera-advisors.com. The information in this
Brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about Carrera Capital Advisors, LLC also is available on the SEC's
website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Registration does not imply any level of skill or training.
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Item 2: Material Changes
This Brochure, dated December 16, 2025, was prepared in accordance with SEC requirements,
and contains the following material changes since the Firm’s annual update on March 31, 2025:
The Advisor has made available “Flourish Cash, an online cash management solution.
Please see Items 4, 5, and 10 for additional information.
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Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 2: Material Changes ........................................................................................................ 2
Item 3: Table of Contents ....................................................................................................... 3
Item 4: Advisory Business ..................................................................................................... 4
Item 5: Fees and Compensation ............................................................................................ 7
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management ......................................10
Item 7: Types of Clients .........................................................................................................10
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss .............................10
Item 9: Disciplinary Information ............................................................................................18
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations...............................................18
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading.....................................................................................................................................19
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ................................................................................................20
Item 13: Review of Accounts .................................................................................................26
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation .............................................................27
Item 15: Custody ....................................................................................................................27
Item 17: Voting Client Securities ...........................................................................................28
Item 18: Financial Information...............................................................................................28
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Item 4: Advisory Business
Description of the Firm
Carrera became a standalone investment adviser in 2024 and is owned by three investment
professionals who operated an investment advisor business unit within the Private Client Group
of a large, national investment advisory firm. Carrera provides financial planning, portfolio
management and general consulting services to its clients.
Keith J. Nichol and Jacob A. Raska are Carrera’s principal owners. For more information about
Keith Nichol or Jacob Raska, please contact us to receive a copy of Carrera’s Form ADV Part 2B
Brochure supplement.
Description of Services Offered
The following paragraphs describe the services offered by Carrera. Please refer to the following
paragraphs for more detail about the specific service, and how we tailor our services to your
individual needs. As used in this Brochure, the words "our" and "us" also refer to Carrera. The words
"you," "your" or "client" refer to our clients and prospective clients. Other terms may be defined later
in this Brochure as well.
Investment Advisory Services
Carrera offers continuous and ongoing investment advice and portfolio management services.
Investment planning is designed to provide a retirement roadmap of income and expenses over
the client's life. Our advice and services are tailored to meet our client's individual needs, life
circumstances and investment goals. We have discussions with the client to determine the client's
investment objectives, risk tolerance, time horizons and liquidity needs. Generally, we use the
information we gather to prepare an individualized investment policy statement (“Investor Profile
Questionnaire”) ("IPQ") for the client.
Clients may impose reasonable restrictions and guidelines on investing in certain securities, types
of securities or industry sectors. We expect all such restrictions to be timely communicated to us.
Client restrictions and guidelines may negatively affect investment performance.
Clients must inform us of any changes to their financial circumstances, investment objectives or
risk tolerance, or of any modifications or restrictions that are imposed on the management of the
client's account. In this manner, Carrera can better serve our clients' needs.
Account management and supervision is guided by the client's IPQ and market conditions. We
manage clients' investment accounts on a discretionary and non-discretionary basis. Once we
construct an IPQ for a client, we will monitor the portfolio's performance on an ongoing and
continuous basis, unless otherwise agreed, and will make adjustments and reallocations as
necessary due to changes in market conditions and the client's circumstances, as communicated
to us.
For our discretionary asset management services, Carrera will receive a limited power of attorney
to effect securities transactions on behalf of a client. The client may limit our discretionary authority
by providing us with a written communication that details restrictions and other guidelines. Unless
otherwise agreed to by the client and Carrera, if we manage a client's account on a non-
discretionary basis, we will have the ongoing responsibility to make investment recommendations
based on the client's individualized investment strategy or we will develop and implement an asset
allocation strategy, which we will continuously monitor and supervise.
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We would first obtain a client's approval before executing transactions in a non-discretionary
account. Requests for approval will be communicated via electronic mail to an authorized account
or via a telephone call to an authorized phone number. The client will be responsible for
responding in a timely manner. We explore different types of investment options and strategies
in the design of a client's customized IPQ. Our investment recommendations are not limited by
any specific product or service offered by a broker-dealer or custodian. These recommendations
will generally include, but not necessarily be limited to, security types from the following list:
Individual stocks and bonds;
American Depository Receipts or similar instruments (ADRs, ADSs);
Exchange traded products (ETFs, ETNs);
Mutual funds (including closed-end funds);
Money market funds and other cash instruments;
Listed options on stocks and exchange traded products;
Stocks trading on the Pink Sheets or over-the-counter;
Commodity funds or trusts or exchange traded products that seek to track the return of
commodity investments;
Futures;
Cryptocurrency; and
Private investment vehicles (LP interests in hedge, private equity, private credit, and
venture capital funds).
Each type of security has its own unique set of risks associated with it, and it would not be possible
to list all of the specific risks of every type of investment. Even within the same type of investment,
risks can vary widely. However, in very general terms, the higher the anticipated return of an
investment, the higher the risk of loss associated with it.
Because some types of investments involve certain additional degrees of risk, they will only be
recommended and implemented when consistent with the client's IPQ.
Financial Planning Services
Carrera also provides financial planning services. Such services include a comprehensive
evaluation of a client's financial situation by using currently known facts and variables. We create
a financial plan for the client, which is designed to assist the client to achieve financial goals and
objectives. We may also prepare reports at the client's request.
A financial plan may address one or more of the following areas:
Financial Position: Understanding of a client's current financial situation. Sources of
evaluation include income, expenses, assets, liabilities, etc.
Investment Planning: Determining the most suitable way to structure investments to meet
financial goals, and determine the appropriate account type (e.g., joint tenants, IRA, Roth
IRA, etc.).
Income Tax Planning: Evaluating the current tax situation to help minimize a client's taxes
and find more profitable ways to use the extra income generated. Carrera also may
prepare income tax returns for clients for a separate fee.
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Retirement Planning: Assessing retirement needs to help a client determine how much to
accumulate, as well as distribution strategies designed to create a source of income during
retirement years.
Credit Planning: Evaluating a client's credit needs.
Insurance Planning and Risk Management: Evaluating the client's insurance needs and
reviewing insurance policies and the like.
Estate Planning: Reviewing the client's cash needs at death, income needs of surviving
dependents and estate planning goals. Carrera is able to refer clients to a third-party
service provider for assistance with completing or updating their estate planning documents
such as a will, trust, financial power of attorney, and medical/healthcare power of attorney.
Carrera offers this service through a third-party provider. The provider only prepares
documentation but does not provide legal advice and is not the client's attorney. Carrera
also does not provide legal advice to the client, and the client should consult with his/her
attorney for estate planning legal advice.
Education Planning: Reviewing the educational needs for the client and his/her family,
along with planning for educational expenses.
We gather information through interviews and review of documents provided by the client,
including questionnaires. Information gathered includes the client's current financial status, future
goals, investment objectives, risk tolerance and family circumstances.
Typical financial planning services include one or more of each of the aforementioned service
components. A financial plan may require the services of a specialist such as an insurance
specialist, attorney, or tax accountant. We may recommend third-party service providers, but the
client is under no obligation to use any service provider recommended by us. Likewise, the client
is under no obligation to act on our financial planning recommendations. Carrera does not receive
referral or other fees from third-party service providers.
Financial plans are based on the client's financial situation at the time we present the financial
plan to the client, and on the information provided to us. The client must promptly notify us if
his/her financial situation, goals, objectives or needs change. Certain assumptions may be made
with respect to interest rates, inflation rates, and use of past trends and performance of the market
and economy. Past performance is in no way an indication of future performance. We cannot offer
any guarantees or promises that a client's financial goals will be met.
Flourish Cash
Flourish Cash is an online cash management solution that seeks to provide Clients with
competitive annual percentage yield (“APY”) and elevated FDIC coverage for their deposits
placed at program banks. Flourish Cash is offered by Flourish Financial LLC, a registered broker-
dealer and FINRA member. Carrera is not affiliated with Flourish or any of the program’s banks.
Carrera is not acting as an investment advisor representative or in a discretionary manner when
inviting Clients to use Flourish and will only do so with Client consent.
Held-Away Assets
We can use a third-party platform such as, but not limited to, Pontera, to facilitate management
of held-away assets such as, but not limited to, defined contribution plan participant accounts with
discretion. The third-party platform allows Carrera to review and manage the current account
allocations without having custody of these held-away client accounts or access to client log-in
credentials. Carrera is not affiliated with Pontera in any way and receives no compensation from
it for using its platform.
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If a client requests us to manage their held-away assets, a link will be provided to connect an
account(s) to the third-party platform. Once said account(s) is connected to the platform, we will
review the current account allocations from within the third-party platform. When deemed
necessary, based on our review from time-to-time (but at least annually), we will rebalance the
account considering the client’s investment goals and risk tolerance, and any change in allocations
will consider current economic and market trends. (Due to the operational lag associated with
these third-partly platforms, trades implemented via these methods will likely be 2-3 days behind
those that Carrera is able to directly execute for its other clients.)
Wrap-Fee Programs
Carrera does not participate in wrap-fee programs.
Non-Advisory Assets
Carrera sometimes provides opportunities to purchase, place, or keep certain assets (including
but not limited to cryptocurrency assets) in a non-advisory account as an accommodation to its
clients. Non-advisory accounts are operated by third parties, and Carrera provides no investment
advisory services or monitoring of such accounts or their assets. Although clients sometimes
access non-advisory accounts through Carrera, they will be held away, and Carrera will not have
custody or control of these accounts. These assets will not be included in the calculation of clients’
assets under management, and Carrera will not charge its advisory fee on these accounts. Any
fees or costs associated with maintaining these non-advisory accounts will be owed to the third-
party services that offer these accounts and will be governed by the terms and conditions of third
parties. Carrera has no role in negotiating or formulating the provisions of such third-party terms
and conditions and does not receive any remuneration from these third parties. The success of
investments conducted through third parties may vary.
Assets Under Management
As of January 16, 2025, Carrera manages $647,652,930 on a discretionary basis, and does not
manage any assets on a non-discretionary basis.
Item 5: Fees and Compensation
Investment Advisory Services
Clients other than Retirement Plans
Non-529-plan accounts
Carrera's fee for our investment advisory/portfolio management services will be charged as a
percentage of assets under management with us (with the exception of fees related to fixed
annuities, as described below), according to the following schedule.
Annual Fee Rate Range
1.40%
0.90%
0.80%
0.70%
0.50%
0.40%
0.20%
Assets Under Management
$0 to $500,000
$500,001 to $1,000,000
$1,000,001 to $3,000,000
$3,000,001 to $5,000,000
$5,000,001 to $10,000,000
$10,000,001 to $20,000,000
$20,000,001 to $50,000,000
More than $50,000,000
Negotiable
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For example, a client with $1,000,000 in assets under management would pay 1.15% ($500,000
at 1.4% and $500,000 at 0.9%).
Although Carrera has established the above fee schedule, we sometimes negotiate other fee
schedules depending on the size of the account, type of account, the level of client service
required and other factors we consider relevant.
While we do not monitor certain client-directed securities purchases, we do consider such
securities part of the client’s overall asset allocation, tax strategy, risk and financial planning goals,
and such assets are included under our investment management fee.
Investment management fees related fixed annuities are not included in the fee schedule above,
and such assets accordingly are not included in Assets Under Management there. Instead, these
assets are charged an Advisory Fee based on their cumulative assets under management at a
fixed annual rate of 0.25% -1.4%.
529-plan accounts
529-plan (qualified tuition plan) accounts will be charged an Advisory Fee based on their
cumulative assets under management at a fixed annual rate of 0.25-1.0%. (Carrera’s discretion
in managing 529-plan accounts will be limited to selecting among investment options and
channels offered by the respective plan(s) and providing certain administrative duties regarding
the account(s), resulting in a lower fee versus accounts where Carrera exercises broader
discretion.)
Fees normally will be charged quarterly in advance based on the average daily market value of
the client's account(s), as determined by the custodian, during the last quarter; however, for new
accounts, Carrera does bill clients in arrears for a partial initial quarter, pro-rated on a daily basis,
based on the account-funding date and average daily market value.
Unless other arrangements are negotiated, fees are directly debited from a client's account(s),
and each client is required to provide the qualified custodian of the client's account(s) written
authorization to deduct the fees described. The custodian sends the client a statement, at least
quarterly, indicating the amount of our fees and all amounts disbursed from the account to Carrera
for our fees. The client is responsible for verifying the accuracy of the fee calculation, as the
custodian will not verify the calculation. Payment of fees may result in the liquidation of client's
securities if there is insufficient cash in the client's account(s).
Clients will not receive from Carrera an account statement or a fee invoice. Only the custodians'
account statement will be sent to clients; or where assets are not held by the custodian, Carrera’s
third-party service provider, Advyzon, will notify client of the fee for those assets. Asset-based
fees are always subject to the management agreement between the client and Carrera, and we
generally retain the right to amend our fee schedule with 30 days prior written notice to the client.
Plan Clients
For clients that are retirement plans, fees are negotiated on a case-by-case basis and are based
upon either (1) a fixed-fee annual rate or (2) assets under management at a rate of 0.1-0.6%.
Fees are billed on either a monthly or quarterly basis and may be in advance or arrears.
Carrera does not require a minimum account size of its clients. At our discretion, we sometimes
group certain related client accounts for the purposes of determining the annualized fee.
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Cash and assets which are invested in shares of mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, annuities
we manage, individual securities, collective trusts, unit investment trusts and/or closed-end funds
shall be included in the calculation of the value of the client's assets under management with us
for purposes of computing our fee.
A client's margin balance is typically included when calculating assets under management with
Carrera. This will be in addition to any margin interest being paid by the client.
For partial quarters, fees are pro-rated on a daily basis. In the event the client terminates our
services, Carrera will refund or credit to the client’s account, as applicable, all unearned fees
within 45 days of the assets ceasing to be under Carrera’s management.
Financial Planning Services
Carrera sometimes charges a fee for financial planning services. For clients who retain Carrera
for its investment advisory services, sometimes there is a separate fee for Carrera's financial
planning services. Some clients retain Carrera for only financial planning, and for those persons
our financial planning fees are based on the nature of the services being provided, who is
providing the services and the complexity of the client's circumstances.
Financial planning fees are generally calculated and charged on a flat-fee basis typically ranging
from a minimum of $1,000 to $25,000 per engagement but may exceed this range depending
upon the complexity, with 25% due in advance, and the remaining 75% upon completion of
services. If you terminate our financial planning services after we have begun the work but before
completion, we will charge you a termination fee equal to one-half of the agreed upon planning
fee, and Carrera will refund or credit to your account, as applicable, any unearned fees within 45
days of the termination. Financial planning fees and the termination fee are negotiable. Carrera
reduces or waives the financial planning fees and/or termination fee in certain circumstances.
We provide you with an exact fee quote before you authorize us to begin our work. The specific
financial planning fee being charged to the client will be set forth and identified in an agreement
between Carrera and that client. Carrera, with the consent of client, will cause financial planning
fees to be withdrawn from client's bank account.
Although the length of time it will take to provide a financial plan depends on each client's
personal situation, we will provide a timing estimate at the start of the planning relationship. For
those who will be charged for financial planning, we will invoice the client for the financial planning
services, and the fees will generally be due and payable upon delivery of the completed financial
plan to the client.
Carrera will recommend an update to a financial plan as appropriate, when needed and when
objectives or financial situation change. In that situation, the fee will be dependent on the nature
of the update. Again, this fee will be set forth and identified in an agreement between us and the
client.
In some circumstances, the financial plan may require the services of a specialist such as an
insurance specialist, attorney, or tax accountant. (Carrera does not provide any legal, or
accounting advice.) Carrera sometimes recommends third-party service providers, but the client
is under no obligation to use any service provider recommended by Carrera. Fees for specialists
will be negotiated between the client and specialist directly.
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In connection with estate planning services described in Item 4, when a third-party provider is
used by a client to provide estate planning documents, fees for those specialists will be
negotiated between the client and specialist directly.
Flourish Cash
Carrera receives an annual service fee of 0.10% of the value of the Client’s Flourish Cash
account if a Client participates in the cash management program from Flourish. This fee is
deducted from the Client’s overall APY. This fee is not negotiable. The Flourish Cash account
fee is separate and distinct from Carrera’s portfolio management fee.
General Information
All fees paid to Carrera are separate and distinct from fees and expenses charged by any
mutual fund, exchange-traded funds, closed-end funds, and insurance companies. Fund fees
are described in the respective fund's prospectus, and will generally include management fees,
various expenses, and a possible distribution fee. Fixed annuity fees and expenses will be
described in their disclosure documents, and can generally include M&E expense,
administrative fee, rider expense, death-benefit expense, and underlying fund management
expense. The client should review all fees being charged on its investments and those charged
by Carrera to fully understand the total amount of fees to be paid by the client and to evaluate
the advisory services being provided.
In addition, the client is also responsible for paying the fees and expenses charged by an
independent, qualified custodian(s). Clients will incur certain charges imposed by custodians,
brokers, and other third parties--such as custodial fees, deferred sales charges, odd-lot
differentials, transfer taxes, and electronic fund fees, and other fees and taxes on brokerage
accounts and securities transactions Please refer to Item 12 (Brokerage Practices) in this
Brochure for additional information.
Clients should be aware that similar advisory services may or may not be available from other
investment advisors for similar or lower fees.
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
Carrera does not charge performance-based fees or participate in side-by-side management.
Item 7: Types of Clients
Carrera offers its services to individuals, high net worth individuals, corporations and other
business entities, pension and profit-sharing plans, endowments, foundations, charitable
organizations, investment advisors, estates and trusts.
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
Carrera utilizes one or more of the following methods of analyses or investment strategies when
providing investment advice to clients, subject to the clients' investment objectives, risk
tolerance, time horizons and stated guidelines.
Methods of Analysis
Carrera Takes a Multifaceted Approach to Analyzing Investments, Utilizing Subjective and
Objective Approaches to Investing: Carrera utilizes a blend of macroeconomic, fundamental,
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and behavioral analysis to select investments. This multi-faceted approach seeks a
comprehensive evaluation of investment opportunities by considering economic headwinds
and tailwinds, company-specific financial health, investor behavior, positioning, sentiment, and
market trends.
2.
3.
1. Using proprietary quantitative tools, Carrera attempts to define the current macroeconomic
environment, and select those investments that have performed best during past periods
identified as being most similar to the current environment.
If those candidate investments identified in “1” above include individual debt or equity
securities, Carrera conducts a relative value, earnings quality, and risk assessment among
each investment candidate to determine which ones present the best risk-adjusted return
prospects.
Among those candidates still identified as attractive in “1” or “2” (if an individual equity or
debt security) above, additional methods are employed:
a. Pattern recognition—essentially, studying the price, time, and volume history of the
security in the form of a chart.
b. Assessing the news flow, sentiment indicators, and investor positioning by analyzing
put to call ratios on individual securities, volume in relation to upward versus downward
movements in price, and relative performance trends.
c. Understanding overall market trends and index composition and concentration.
Asset Allocation and Selection: Carrera focuses on constructing portfolios that align with client
objectives while managing risk through diversification across asset classes, sectors, and
geographies.
Carrera attempts to identify an appropriate ratio of equity, fixed income, commodity, alternative
investments--including Real Estate and other funds--and cash suitable to the client's investment
goals and risk tolerance. We seek to create a portfolio using concepts from Modern Portfolio
Theory (MPT) along with the latest advances in portfolio construction, including by using
methods drawn from machine learning/ artificial intelligence to maximize potential return relative
to portfolio risk.
Security types we utilize will generally include, but not necessarily be limited to, the following:
Individual stocks and bonds;
American Depository Receipts or similar instruments (ADRs, ADSs);
Exchange traded products (ETFs, ETNs);
Mutual funds (including closed-end funds);
Money market funds and other cash instruments;
Listed options on stocks and exchange traded products;
Stocks trading on the Pink Sheets or over-the-counter;
Commodity funds or trusts or exchange traded products that seek to track the return of
commodity investments;
Futures;
Cryptocurrency; and
Private investment vehicles (LP interests in hedge, private equity, and venture capital
funds).
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In addition, in risk-managed accounts or custom accounts, we sometimes utilize (1) short
sales, and (2) inverse, leveraged or leveraged inverse ETFs or ETNs.
Investment Strategies
Client accounts will be segmented into the following four broad products or groups, each of
which will either be tax qualified or tax optimized:
Guardian (Product 1)
Clients seeking the maximum risk-adjusted return for their asset allocation
Focus is on minimizing drawdown--the expected peak-to-trough decline--relative to
the client’s asset allocation
Moderately sized opportunistic, high conviction sleeve, likely used for opportunistic
and risk management purposes
Style drift within asset allocation can be substantial, for example:
Large cap could be all “value” stocks
Fixed income could be short or ultra long duration
Could utilize a single or any number of commodity investments
Three risk profiles, in decreasing order of risk:
Aggressive
Balanced
Conservative
Rebalancing will not be conducted on a fixed timetable, but typically avoid exceeding
20% drift tolerance limits, including drift that comes from the 15-20% opportunistic
sleeve, subject to tax considerations.
Enhanced Growth (Product 2)
Clients have a low level of risk aversion to overall portfolio volatility, but a high
aversion to benchmark tracking error.
Clients want some active management but wish to mostly track common investment
benchmarks.
Clients where an allocation to equities is at least 50%
Small active management component representing an opportunistic, high conviction
sleeve with any combination of securities/asset classes, subject to asset class
constraints.
For the remaining portfolio, target minimal style drift (Core Benchmark Index, instead
of Value, Growth), for example:
Track S&P 500 with either a subset of stocks drawn from the S&P 500 (< 50) or
with an ETF
Track Barclays Aggregate Bond Index with individual bonds or ETF
Track Goldman Sachs Commodity Index with individual commodity funds or ETF
Two risk profiles, in decreasing order of risk:
Aggressive
Balanced
Rebalancing will not be conducted on a fixed timetable, but typically avoids
exceeding 20% drift tolerance limits, including drift that comes from the small
opportunistic sleeve subject to tax considerations.
Custom Managed (Product 3)
This product would likely be suitable for UHNW, Institutional, other RIAs, or Family
Office clients.
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Examples include: 100% bond or cash management or enhanced cash management
portfolios
Clients with specific restrictions (e.g., E.S.G., employer conflicts, religious investing
restrictions)
Other examples include: concentrated or “best ideas” strategies, micro or small cap
focused strategies, options-oriented strategies including tail-risk hedged strategies,
highly tactical strategies that necessitate higher trading frequencies, long-short or
market neutral strategies, short-focused strategies, commodity-oriented strategies,
alternatives-focused strategies, speculative or thematic strategies (e.g. biotech,
green energy, etc.), or any combination thereof
Pure Passive (Product 4)
Clients seek to passively track broad-based market indexes.
Clients will likely still want Carrera’s financial planning expertise.
Select Equity, Bond, and Commodity ETFs with the most competitive expense ratios
in their asset class, subject to fulfilling passive benchmark index replication.
Example benchmarks: S&P 500, Barclays Aggregate Bond Index, Goldman Sachs
Commodity Index
Typically rebalance at least annually or if asset class drift exceeds a documented
threshold tolerance – for example, if the allocation to equities is 65%, and the
threshold tolerance is 20%, the drift tolerance would be 52%-78%
A decision to rebalance will always be made in light of the potential tax
consequences relative to potential opportunity costs discussed in detail below.
Three risk profiles, in decreasing order of risk:
Aggressive
Balanced
Conservative
The opportunistic sleeve may include an allocation to a third-party manager (sub-advisor),
including to private equity, venture capital, hedge funds, or separately managed accounts.
Tax Optimization: Mentioned above, tax optimization will be applied to those accounts where
there exists a potential state or federal tax liability from income or capital gains.
Trading and rebalancing needs will always be weighed against tax consequences, and
this might necessitate a lower frequency trading and rebalancing schedule
The Investment Team must always calculate an expected opportunity cost for tax loss
harvesting opportunities, for example:
What is the opportunity cost of realizing a loss when selling Company A to buy
Company B?
Does the expected gain from buying Company B plus the tax loss harvesting
opportunity arising from selling Company A exceed the expected return of continuing
to hold Company A?
For income-oriented investments, tax-exempt investments must be evaluated on an
apples-to-apples basis with taxable investments, for example:
If the tax adjusted yield of a taxable bond investment is greater than that of the tax
adjusted yield of a qualified bond investment (e.g., a municipal bond)--even though
the municipal bond affords tax benefits--an investment should still be made in the
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taxable bond, assuming the client is in a sufficiently high income and/or capital gains
tax bracket.
Cash Management: Except when otherwise directed by the client or during extreme market
volatility, cash is expected to be invested. We may designate a small buffer of around 2% of a
client’s portfolio value to absorb frictional cash resulting from trading and rebalancing. It is Carrera’s
responsibility to ensure that any frictional cash is earning competitive money market rates. Cash
balances are typically invested daily in interest-bearing money market accounts.
Risks
Risks pertaining to the “Methods of Analysis” section listed above include the following:
Economic risk. There is no guarantee that we will arrive at the proper classification of the
current macroeconomic environment. The identification process is statistical, and no two
environments are exactly alike. Moreover, even if the current macroeconomic environment is
identified properly, there is no guarantee that it will behave as it did in the past.
Valuation risk. There is no guarantee that the determination of relative value or fair value for
any security is arrived at correctly. Moreover, even if Carrera is able to determine accurately
that an investment presents a compelling valuation, other market participants may disagree
with or ignore this fact, causing a persistent gap between price and fair value or fair relative
value for an investment.
Pattern recognition risk. There is no guarantee that previous patterns, whether economic,
fundamental, or technical will repeat themselves.
Risks to pertaining to the “Asset Allocation and Selection” section listed above include
the following:
Asset Allocation Risk
Assets are allocated towards those asset classes with the highest risk-adjusted return, subject
to the tolerance bands listed in the “Investment Strategies” section above. Certain asset
classes may not perform as expected, and we may be required to continue allocating to those
asset classes per the client’s financial plan or IPQ. Additionally, even if we are correct that it is
worth increasing or decreasing or otherwise amending a client’s financial plan or IPQ, we may
not be able to meet with the client and amend any documents before an asset class begins to
perform poorly.
Asset allocation is integral to the portfolio construction process that seeks to provide each
client with the highest risk-adjusted return, subject to their risk tolerance. Our method of
portfolio construction relies on the historical correlations and volatility estimates of each asset
class alone, and as part of a total portfolio. There is no guarantee that prior estimates of asset-
asset correlations or volatilities will persist into the future. This can cause an unintended over
(under) allocation of client capital to a particular asset class.
Security Selection Risk
Security-Market-correlated risk: All specific equity, debt, commodity, or alternative investments
bear some correlation to larger market benchmarks, possibly even to those outside the given
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security’s asset class. This is sometimes referred to as “beta.” Our estimate of a security’s beta
may not prove to be reliable.
Company risk: There is always a certain level of company or industry specific risk that is inherent
in each investment. Although this risk can be reduced through appropriate diversification, it
cannot be eliminated. There is the risk that the issuer will perform poorly or have its value
reduced based on factors specific to the issuer or its industry. If the issuer experiences credit
issues or defaults on debt, the value of the issuer may be reduced.
Exchange traded fund and mutual fund risk: The risk of owning an ETF or mutual fund generally
reflects the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF or mutual fund holds. Clients will
incur additional costs associated with ETFs and mutual funds (see Item 5).
ETF shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca and can be bought and sold on the secondary
market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of an ETF Share typically
will approximate its net asset value (NAV), there may be times when the market price and the
NAV vary significantly. Thus, the client may pay more or less than NAV when the ETF shares are
purchased on the secondary market, and the client may receive more or less than NAV when you
sell those shares.
Although ETF shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca, it is possible that an active trading
market may not be maintained and ETF shares on NYSE Arca may be halted by the activation of
individual or market-wide "circuit breakers" (which halt trading for a specific period of time when
the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). This
may result in Carrera being unable to purchase or sell securities at a relatively favorable time or
price.
Trading of ETF shares may also be halted if the shares are delisted from NYSE Arca without first
being listed on another exchange or exchange officials determine that such action is appropriate
in the interest of a fair and orderly market or to protect investors. This may also result in Carrera
being unable to purchase or sell securities at a relatively favorable time or price.
Management risk: Investments managed by us vary with the success and failure of our
investment strategies, research, analysis and determination of portfolio securities.
Foreign investments risks: Non-U.S. investments including ADRs and ADSs, currency and
commodity investments may contain additional risks associated with government, economic,
political or currency volatility.
Emerging markets risks: Emerging markets can experience high volatility and risk in the short
term.
Liquidity risks: Generally, assets are more liquid if many investors are interested in a
standardized product, making the product relatively easy to convert into cash. Specialized
investments may have reduced liquidity.
Bond risks: Investments in bonds involve interest rate and credit risks. Bond values change
according to changes in interest rates, inflation, credit climate and issue credit quality. Interest
rate increases will reduce the value of a bond. Longer term bonds are more susceptible to
interest rate variations then shorter term, lower yield bonds.
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Sector risks: Investing in a particular sector is subject to cyclical market conditions and charges.
Options or warrants risks: We may use or invest in other funds that use call and put options on
any listed or unlisted underlying security. Options have expiration dates and may expire worthless.
We or funds that we invest in may use options for hedging purposes. Due to the number of
statistical estimates required to calculate the number of options to purchase, we may over (under)
hedge the portfolio, exposing the client to potential loss.
There can be no guarantee that our approach to purchasing options will function as intended.
Moreover, it may be costly to continue engaging in the purchase of put or call options that regularly
expire worthless.
We may also sell “covered calls” or “covered puts” on securities that we are long or short,
respectively. This is also known as “option writing”. If the security exceeds the exercise price when
the call option expires, we will forfeit the price appreciation between the security price at expiration
and the exercise price. Likewise, if the security is below the exercise price when the put option
expires, we will forfeit the price depreciation between the security price and the exercise price.
Option writing is not a fundamental part of Carrera's overall investment strategy, but we may use
this strategy occasionally when given authority and we determine that it is suitable given a client's
stated investment objectives and tolerance for risk.
Short selling risks: For certain “custom-managed” clients--product 4 listed above--we will likely
engage in short sales. This requires us to borrow and sell securities we do not own in anticipation
that the price falls. We may be forced to return these securities by purchasing them at a higher
price than they were sold, exposing the client to the risk of unlimited loss.
Short selling securities entails borrowing securities, and so there is a rate that prevails for each
security called the “borrow rate”. This rate is a cost to the client, and there is no guarantee that
we will receive a favorable rate.
Margin risk: For certain “custom-managed” clients--product 4 listed above--we may purchase
securities with borrowed funds. This borrowing rate is a cost to the client, and there is no
guarantee that we will receive a favorable rate.
Private placement risk: For certain “custom-managed” clients--product 4 listed above--we may
purchase interests for the client in hedge funds, private equity, venture capital, or other
alternative investment funds. Since we must pay a management fee to the third-party manager,
it may prove costly to the client to engage their services. Fees may be paid both for managing
the assets and for meeting certain returns targets.
When investing in a private placement, we are beholden to the performance of another manager.
We cannot guarantee anything about the manager’s future performance or ability to manage
investments according to their mandate.
Investing in a private placement may involve a “lockup”. This sets the minimum time required to
hold one’s investment with a manager. If client needs change, the client may be unable to recoup
their investment in a timely manner.
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Subadvisor, third-party separately managed account, or third-party manager risk: We may
recommend that an outside manager oversee a particular investment strategy for our clients.
This would be in cases where another manager has particular expertise, and we believe that the
client is best served by another manager overseeing the allocation to a specific strategy where
that manager is more proficient.
When engaging a third-party manager, we are beholden to the performance of said manager.
We cannot guarantee anything about the manager’s future performance or ability to manage
investments according to their mandate.
Commodity risk: We sometimes purchase commodity funds or interests in specific commodities.
Commodities can be especially volatile, do not pay dividends, and may be affected by weather
and environmental factors, causing losses.
Cryptocurrency risk: We may purchase interests in funds or specific vehicles that track the
performance of a cryptocurrency. These investments are especially volatile and relatively new
as an investible asset class. There is a high risk of loss in these investments. Furthermore, such
assets may not be eligible for protection by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC).
Futures risk: We may purchase interests in vehicles called “Futures” whose value depends on
the value of an underlying index, currency or commodity and represents a leveraged interest in
the underlying instrument. This leverage creates high potential risk of loss to the client.
Leveraged and inverse ETF risk. We sometimes purchase exchange traded funds that track
anywhere from -3x to 3x the daily movement of an index. These investments are particularly
volatile and are not expected to track any particular multiple of an underlying index’s
performance over time periods exceeding 1 day. Most leveraged and Inverse funds “reset” daily,
meaning that they are designed to achieve their stated objectives on a daily basis. Due to the effect of
compounding, the return for investors who invest for a period different than one trading day may vary
significantly from the fund's stated goal as well as the target benchmark's performance. This is especially
true in very volatile markets or if a leveraged fund is tracking a very volatile underlying index.
Trading frequency risks. Clients in the three non-passive, non-index based strategies will have
their portfolios rebalanced more often. This can cause additional tax consequences. It may also
expose the client to increased transaction costs either through bid-ask spreads or brokerage
transaction fees. It is expected that most securities will be “transaction-fee free.”
Because of the inherent risk of loss associated with investing, we are unable to represent,
guarantee or even imply that our services and methods of analysis can or will predict future
results, successfully identify market tops or bottoms, or insulate clients from losses due to
market corrections or declines.
Carrera's analysis methods rely on the assumption that the investment vehicles which we
recommend for our clients, the companies whose securities we purchase and sell on behalf of our
clients, the rating agencies that review these securities, and other publicly or privately available
sources of information about these securities, are providing accurate, timely and unbiased data.
While we are alert to indications that data may be incorrect, there is always a risk that our analysis
may be compromised by inaccurate, misleading, or untimely information. This is an ongoing risk
regarding all the strategies discussed.
Risk of Loss
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Investing involves a risk of loss. Clients should be prepared to bear investment loss, including
the loss of the original principal. Clients should never presume that future performance of any
specific investment or investment strategy will be profitable. Further, there may be varying
degrees of risk depending on different types of investments. Clients should know that all
investments carry a certain degree of risk ranging from the variability of market values to the
possibility of permanent loss of capital. Although portfolios seek principal protection, asset
allocation and investment decisions may not achieve this goal in all cases. There is no guarantee
a portfolio will meet a target return or an investment objective.
Risks to capital include, but may not be limited to, changes in the economy, market volatility,
company results, industry sectors, accounting standards and changes in interest rates.
Investments are generally subject to risks inherent in governmental actions, exchange rates,
inflation, deflation, and fiscal and monetary policies. Market risks include changes in market
sentiment in general and styles of investing. Diversification will not protect an investor from these
risks and fluctuations.
Carrera does not engage in high-frequency trading activities or algorithmic trading strategies.
Because of the inherent risk of loss associated with investing, we are unable to represent,
guarantee or even imply that our services and methods of analysis can or will predict future
results, successfully identify market tops or bottoms, or insulate clients from losses due to
market corrections or declines.
Additional Tax Considerations
Our strategies and investments may have unique and significant tax implications. Carrera will
manage portfolios with an awareness of tax implications, but long-term wealth compounding
is our primary consideration. Specific goals regarding account tax efficiency should be set forth
in a writing signed by both us and the client and included in the client’s IPQ. Regardless of
account size or other factors, Carrera strongly recommends that its clients continuously consult
with a tax professional prior to and throughout the investing of clients' assets. Each client is
responsible for contacting his/her tax advisors to determine which cost basis accounting
method is the right choice for the client. Clients should provide Carrera with written notice of a
client's selected accounting method, and Carrera will alert the client's custodian of the
individually selected accounting method. Clients should be aware that decisions about cost
basis accounting methods will need to be made before trades settle, as the cost basis method
cannot be changed after settlement.
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
Carrera is required to disclose any legal or disciplinary events that are material to a client's or
prospective client's evaluation of us, our business or the integrity of our management or
associated persons. Neither Carrera nor any of our associated persons has any reportable
disciplinary events to disclose.
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Carrera is not a registered broker-dealer, commodity firm, commodity trading advisor,
or futures commission merchant, and does not have an application to register for any of
the same pending.
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Carrera does not recommend investment products in which it receives any form of
compensation from the separate account manager or investment product sponsor.
Some Carrera investment advisor representatives hold an insurance license, and act as
insurance agents regarding fixed insurance products only. These investment adviser
representatives receive a commission for sales of such products: this sales incentive results
in a conflict of interest. Carrera mitigates this conflict via disclosure and management review
(independent of the involved investment adviser representative) of such transactions to help
ensure they are in the best interests of the client.
Additionally, certain Carrera representatives that are independent contractors—working as
part of the Carrera Capital Advisor Network—via OneAmerica, a FINRA-registered broker
dealer, receive compensation related to the placement of certain insurance products.
Flourish Cash
As stated above, Carrera has made available Flourish Cash, an online cash management
solution that seeks to provide Clients with competitive APY and elevated FDIC coverage for
their deposits placed at program banks. Carrera is not affiliated with Flourish or any of the
program’s banks. Carrera is not acting as an investment advisor representative or in a
discretionary manner when inviting Clients to use Flourish and only do so with Client consent.
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading
Code of Ethics
Carrera has adopted a Code of Ethics that sets forth high ethical standards of business and
professional conduct which we require our employees to follow. The Code of Ethics outlines
proper conduct related to all services provided to clients by Carrera and our associated persons
and includes guidelines for compliance with applicable laws and regulations governing our
practice. Our goal is to protect our clients' interests at all times and demonstrate our commitment
to our fiduciary duties of honesty, good faith, and fair dealing.
Personal Securities Transactions and Interests
Through its professional activities, Carrera and its supervised persons are exposed to conflicts of
interest and the Code of Ethics contains provisions designed to mitigate certain of these conflicts
by governing the personal securities transactions of certain of its employees, officers and directors.
(The Code of Ethics can only attempt to mitigate conflicts of interest; the conflict still exists; and
the Code of Ethics does not entirely remove a conflict of interest.) In particular, the Code of Ethics
governs the conduct of certain "access persons" in circumstances where Carrera or access
persons may desire to purchase or sell securities for their personal accounts that are identical to
those recommended by Carrera to its clients. For these purposes, the Code of Ethics defines an
"access" person as a supervised person of Carrera that (1) has access to nonpublic information
regarding any clients' purchase or sale of securities, (2) has access to nonpublic information
regarding the portfolio holdings of any fund the adviser or its control affiliates manage or sponsor,
or (3) is involved in making securities recommendations (or has access to such recommendations)
to clients that are nonpublic.
Access persons' trades must be executed in a manner consistent with the following principles.
The interests of client accounts will at all times be placed first.
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All personal securities transactions will be conducted in such manner as to avoid any
conflict of interest or any abuse of an individual's position of trust and responsibility.
Access persons must not take inappropriate advantage of their positions.
Preclearance of access persons' transactions in securities in a limited offering or private
placement is required.
Access persons must submit quarterly reports regarding securities transactions and newly
opened accounts, as well as annual reports regarding holdings and existing accounts. Carrera
monitors access persons' personal trading activity at least quarterly to ensure compliance with
internal control policies and procedures and our Code of Ethics—measures designed in part to
help mitigate certain conflicts of interest, as described immediately below.
The Code of Ethics does not prevent or prohibit access persons from trading in securities that we
may recommend or in which we may invest client assets, but rather prescribes the governing
principals relative to the same (see above). As such, it is possible that (1) Carrera and its access
persons could recommend to clients, or buy or sell for client accounts, securities in which one or
more access persons (including Carrera) has a material financial interest, (2) Carrera and its
access persons could invest in the same securities (or related securities) that we recommend to
clients, or (3) Carrera and its access persons could recommend securities to clients, or buy or
sell securities for client accounts, at or about the same time that Carrera and its access persons
buys or sells the same securities for their own accounts. This presents a conflict in that Carrera
or its access person might seek to benefit themselves from this type of trading activity in the same
securities, either by trading for personal accounts in advance of client trading activity, or
otherwise. All such activity must be in strict adherence with our Code of Ethics and must
fundamentally place the clients' interests first. Moreover, it is our policy that neither Carrera nor
its associated persons will have priority over a client's account(s) in the purchase or sale of
securities. (We may also combine orders to purchase securities for Carrera, its associated
persons and/or their families with a client's order to purchase securities ("block trading"). Please
refer to Item 12 for more information on block trading.)
Neither Carrera nor its associated persons have any material financial interest in client
transactions beyond the provision of investment advisory services or other services as disclosed
in this Brochure.
Carrera does not engage in principal trading (i.e., the practice of selling stock to advisory clients
from our inventory or buying stocks from advisory clients into our inventory). Nor does Carrera
engage in agency cross transactions.
Clients or prospective clients may obtain a copy of our Code of Ethics by contacting us at the e-
mail or phone number listed on the cover page of this Brochure.
Carrera’s policies and procedures, including its Code of Ethics, attempt to mitigate conflicts
of interest, however conflicts of interest discussed here and in other Items of this Brochure
still exist and are not entirely removed or eliminated.
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
Typically, Carrera does not allow advisory clients to determine the broker-dealer to use. To work
with us, clients will usually need to custody assets with the brokers we recommend—either
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National Financial Services LLC, and Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC (together with all affiliates,
"Fidelity") or Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”), both of which are not affiliated with Carrera.
Not all advisors require their clients to direct brokerage. By directing brokerage, clients do not
have the ability to compare trading costs and execution of client transactions. Clients may be
unable to obtain the most favorable pricing and execution available, which therefore may cost the
client more money. Carrera has engaged in due diligence regarding Fidelity and Schwab’s
execution and trading costs and believes that they provide high-quality trade execution and that
Carrera’s clients will pay competitive rates for such execution.
Although Fidelity and Schwab's commission rates are competitive within the securities industry,
lower commissions or better execution may be able to be achieved elsewhere. Carrera has
considered the benefits offered to it through its relationship with Fidelity and Schwab in making a
determination to use Fidelity or Schwab as the broker-dealers of choice.
Another aspect of using limited broker-dealers is the risk of financial failure of the broker-dealer.
However, brokerage firms are required to follow certain rules that are designed to minimize the
chances of financial failure and, more importantly, to protect customer assets if they do fail.
Various regulatory agencies enforce those rules.
In addition, Carrera engages in at least annual due diligence regarding the financial health of
Fidelity and Schwab.
Best Execution
As stated above, Carrera sometimes requires that its clients establish broker accounts with
Fidelity or Schwab. Such accounts will be eligible so that if and when the need arises to effect
securities transactions from those accounts at broker-dealers ("executing brokers") other than
Fidelity or Schwab, Fidelity or Schwab will accept delivery or deliver the applicable security
from/to the executing brokers. A broker-dealer, such as Fidelity or Schwab, may charge a "trade
away" fee which is charged against the client's account(s) for each "trade away" occurrence.
Other custodians have their own policies concerning prime broker accounts and trade away
fees.
If the client is receiving discretionary advisory services, Carrera, pursuant to the terms of its
management agreement with clients, will have discretionary authority to determine which
securities are to be bought and sold and the price of such securities to affect such transactions.
Carrera recognizes that the analysis of execution quality involves a number of qualitative and
quantitative factors. Carrera will follow a process striving to ensure that it is seeking to obtain the
most favorable execution under the prevailing circumstances when placing client orders. These
factors include, but are not limited, to the following:
The financial strength, reputation and stability of the broker-dealer;
The efficiency with which the transaction is affected; the ability to effect prompt and
reliable executions at favorable prices (including the applicable dealer spread or
commission, if any);
The availability of the broker-dealer to stand ready to effect transactions of varying
degrees of difficulty in the future;
The efficiency of error resolution, clearance and settlement;
Block trading and positioning capabilities;
Performance measurements;
Online access to computerized data regarding customer accounts;
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Availability, comprehensiveness, and frequency of brokerage and research services;
Commission rate;
Economic benefit to the clients; and
Related matters involved in the receipt of brokerage services.
That is, in seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but
whether the transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the
full range of a broker-dealer’s services, including the value of research provided, execution
capability, commission rates, and responsiveness. Accordingly, although Carrera will seek
competitive rates, to the benefit of all clients, it may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible
commission rates for specific client account transactions. Although the investment research
products and services that may be obtained by Carrera will generally be used to service all of
Carrera’s clients, a brokerage commission paid by a specific client may be used to pay for
services that are not used in managing that specific client’s account.
To the best of Carrera's knowledge and due diligence inquiries, Fidelity and Schwab provide
high-quality execution, and Carrera's clients will pay competitive rates for such execution.
Based upon its own knowledge of the securities industry, Carrera believes that Fidelity and
Schwab’s commission rates are competitive within the securities industry: however, lower
commissions or better execution may be able to be achieved elsewhere.
Please see the immediately below Broker-Dealer Relationships and Benefits sub-section for
further discussion of Carrera’s relationships with Fidelity and Schwab, including the economic
benefits Fidelity and Schwab provide and associated conflicts of interest.
Broker-Dealer Relationships and Benefits
Fidelity
Carrera has an arrangement with Fidelity through which Fidelity provides Carrera with Fidelity's
"platform" services. The platform services include, among others, brokerage, custodial,
administrative support, record keeping and related services that are intended to support
intermediaries like Carrera in conducting business and in serving the best interests of its clients,
but that may benefit Carrera.
Fidelity charges brokerage commissions and transaction fees for (1) effecting certain securities
transactions (transactions in options and certain mutual funds, and bonds being subject to a
mark-up in purchase price) (2) for other securities transactions if clients do not (i) maintain a $1
million account balance and (ii) elect paperless account statements. Fidelity enables Carrera
to obtain many no-load mutual funds without transaction charges and other no-load funds at
nominal transaction charges. The commissions and transaction fees charged by Fidelity may
those charged by other custodians and broker-dealers.
be higher or
lower
than
As part of the arrangement, Fidelity also makes available to Carrera, at no additional charge,
certain research, and brokerage services, including research services obtained by Fidelity
directly from independent research companies, as selected by Carrera (within specified
parameters). However, Carrera does not utilize this research as part of its standard investment
process.
In the first two years of operation, Carrera will participate in a Fidelity program that is offered to
select advisors and designed to support the formation, compliance, technology, investment and
wealth management software, communication and/or operational activities of the business. The
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program pays third-party vendor invoices for eligible products or services deemed to be of
benefit to clients. The program does not provide funds for Carrera compensation of staff or any
direct payment, only payments to eligible vendors for services rendered.
As a result of receiving such services for no additional cost, and for which Carrera might
otherwise have to pay for, Carrera may have an incentive to continue to use or expand the use
of Fidelity's services. Carrera examined this potential conflict of interest when it chose to enter
into the relationship with Fidelity and has determined that the relationship is in the best interests
of its clients and satisfies its client obligations, including its duty to seek best execution. A client
may pay a commission that is higher than another qualified broker-dealer might charge to affect
the same transaction where Carrera determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable
in relation to the value of the brokerage and other services received. Carrera and Fidelity are
not affiliates, and no broker-dealer affiliated with Carrera is involved in the relationship between
Carrera and Fidelity.
Schwab
We are independently owned and operated and are not affiliated with Schwab. Schwab will hold your assets
in a brokerage account and buy and sell securities when we instruct them to. While we recommend that
you use Schwab as custodian/ broker, you will decide whether to do so and will open your account with
Schwab by entering into an account Agreement directly with them. Conflicts of interest associated with this
arrangement are described below as well as in Item 14, Client referrals and other compensation. You
should consider these conflicts of interest when selecting your custodian.
For our clients' accounts that Schwab maintains, Schwab generally does not charge you
separately for custody services but is compensated by charging you commissions or other fees
on trades that it executes or that settle into your Schwab account. Certain trades (for example,
Schwab mutual funds and ETFs) do not incur Schwab commissions or transaction fees. Schwab
is also compensated by earning interest on the uninvested cash in your account in Schwab's
Cash Features Program. In addition to commissions, Schwab charges you a flat dollar amount
as a "prime broker" or "trade away" fee for each trade that we have executed by a different
broker-dealer but where the securities bought or the funds from the securities sold are deposited
(settled) into your Schwab account. These fees are in addition to the commissions or other
compensation you pay the executing broker-dealer. Because of this, in order to minimize your
trading costs, we have Schwab execute most trades for your account.
Products and services available to us from Schwab. Schwab Advisor ServicesTM is Schwab's
business serving independent investment advisory firms like us. They provide our clients and
us with access to their institutional brokerage services (trading, custody, reporting and related
services), many of which are not typically available to Schwab retail customers. However,
certain retail investors may be able to get institutional brokerage services from Schwab
without going through us. Schwab also makes available various support services. Some of
those services help us manage or administer our clients' accounts, while others help us
manage and grow our business. Schwab's support services are generally available on an
unsolicited basis (we do not have to request them) and at no charge to us. Following is a more
detailed description of Schwab's support services.
Services that benefit you. Schwab's institutional brokerage services include access to a broad
range of investment products, execution of securities transactions, and custody of client
assets. The investment products available through Schwab include some to which we might
not otherwise have access. Schwab's services described in this paragraph generally benefit you
and your account.
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Services that do not directly benefit you. Schwab also makes available to us other products and
services that benefit us but do not directly benefit you or your account. These products and services
assist us in managing and administering our clients' accounts and operating our firm. They include
investment research, both Schwab's own and that of third parties: however, Carrera does not utilize
this research as part of its standard investment process. In addition to investment research, Schwab
also makes available software and other technology that:
Provide access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account
statements)
Facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts
Provide pricing and other market data
Facilitate payment of our fees from our clients' accounts
Assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping, and client reporting
Services that generally benefit only us. Schwab also offers other services intended to help us manage
and further develop our business enterprise. While Carrera does not utilize these services, they include:
Educational conferences and events
Consulting on technology and business needs
Consulting on legal and compliance related needs
Publications and conferences on practice management and business succession
Access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants, and insurance
providers
Marketing consulting and support
Recruiting and custodial search consulting
Schwab provides some of these services itself. In other cases, it will arrange for third-party vendors to
provide the services to us. Schwab also discounts or waives its fees for some of these services or pays
all or a part of a third party's fees. If you did not maintain your account with Schwab, we would be
required to pay for those services from our own resources if we utilized them.
Our interest in Schwab's services. The availability of these services from Schwab benefits us because
we do not have to produce or purchase them. We do not have to pay for Schwab's services. The fact
that we receive these benefits from Schwab is an incentive for us to recommend the use of Schwab rather
than making such a decision based exclusively on your interest in receiving the best value in custody
services and the most favorable execution of your transactions. This is a conflict of interest. We believe,
however, that taken in the aggregate our recommendation of Schwab as custodian and broker is in the best
interests of our clients. Our selection is primarily supported by the scope, quality, and price of Schwab's
services and not Schwab's services that benefit only us.
Trade Errors
Where a trade error occurs in a client account due to Carrera's error, we will correct the error
and ensure the client account does not suffer a loss or incur a transaction cost related to that
error. Depending on the nature of the error, we will pay the cost of the error or will cause the
custodian or broker-dealer to pay the cost of the error. If the error results in a profit, due to market
movement, the client will keep the profit.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
Carrera does not receive client referrals from broker-dealers (e.g., Fidelity or Schwab) in
exchange for cash or other compensation, such as brokerage services or research.
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Order Aggregation/Block Trading/Allocations
Carrera 's advice to certain clients and the action of Carrera for those and other clients are
frequently premised not only on the merits of a particular investment, but also on the suitability
of that investment for the particular client in light of his/her applicable investment objective,
guidelines, risk tolerance and circumstances. Thus, any action of Carrera with respect to a
particular investment may, for a particular client, differ or be opposed to the recommendation,
advice, or actions of Carrera to or on behalf of other clients. Carrera acts in accordance with
our duty to seek best price and execution and will not continue any arrangements if we
determine that such arrangements are no longer in the best interest of our clients.
As Carrera may be managing accounts with similar investment objectives, Carrera may
aggregate orders for securities for such accounts: consistent with its fiduciary responsibilities,
Carrera seeks to ensure that clients receive best execution with respect to the clients'
transactions by aggregating (i.e., blocking) client trades to reduce commissions and
transaction costs. In this event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as
expenses incurred in the transaction, is made by Carrera in the manner it considers to be the
most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to such accounts. Such aggregate
orders may include transactions for accounts for employee benefit plans and private
investment vehicles, such as limited partnerships or limited liability companies, in which
Carrera, its affiliates, principals or employees are among the investors.
Carrera's allocation procedures seek to allocate investment opportunities among clients in
the fairest possible way, taking into account clients' best interests. Carrera will follow
procedures to ensure that allocations do not involve a practice of favoring or discriminating
against any client or group of clients. Account performance is never a factor in trade
allocations.
Carrera will block trades where possible and when advantageous to clients. We must reasonably
believe that the order aggregation will benefit, and will enable us to seek best execution for, each
client participating in the aggregated order. This requires a good faith judgment at the time the
order is placed for the execution. It does not mean that the determination made in advance of
the transaction must always prove to have been correct in the light of a "20-20 hindsight"
perspective. Best execution includes, among other things, the duty to seek the best quality of
execution, as well as the best net price. Block trading may allow us to execute equity trades in
a timelier, more equitable manner, at an average share price.
Carrera will block trades among clients whose accounts can be traded at a given broker-dealer.
Blocking of trades permits the trading of aggregate blocks of securities composed of assets
from multiple client accounts, as long as transaction costs are shared equally and on a pro-rata
basis between all accounts included in the block. Subsequent orders for the same security
entered during the same trading day may be aggregated with any previously unfilled orders.
Subsequent orders may also be aggregated with filled orders if the market price for the security
has not materially changed, and the aggregation does not cause any unintended exposure. All
clients participating in each aggregated order will generally receive the average price.
Prior to entry of an aggregated order, each client account participating is identified in the order
and the proposed allocation of the order, upon completion, to those clients. If the order cannot
be executed in full at the same price or time, the securities actually purchased or sold by the
close of each business day must be allocated pro rata among the participating client accounts
in accordance with the initial order ticket or other written statement of allocation. However,
adjustments to this pro rata allocation may be made to participating client accounts in
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accordance with the initial order ticket or other written statement of allocation. Furthermore,
adjustments to this pro rata allocation may be made to avoid having odd amounts of shares held
in any client account, or to avoid excessive ticket charges in smaller accounts.
Our client account records separately reflect, for each account in which the aggregated
transaction occurred, the securities which are held by, and bought and sold for, that account.
Funds and securities for aggregated orders are clearly identified in our records and to the
broker-dealers or other intermediaries handling the transactions, by the appropriate account
numbers for each participating client.
To minimize performance dispersion, "strategy" trades should be aggregated and average
priced. However, when a trade is to be executed for an individual account and the trade is not in
the best interests of other accounts, then the trade will only be performed for that account. This
is true even if Carrera believes that a larger size block trade would lead to best overall price for
the security being transacted.
All allocations will be made prior to the close of business on the trade date. In the event an order
is "partially filled," the allocation will be made in the best interests of all the clients in the order,
taking into account all relevant factors including, but not limited to, the size of each client's
allocation, clients' liquidity needs and previous allocations. In most cases, accounts will get a pro
forma allocation based on the initial allocation. This policy also applies if an order is "over-filled."
Transactions for any client account may not be aggregated for execution if the practice is
prohibited by the client or Carrera's order allocation policy.
Item 13: Review of Accounts
Each account receives, at a minimum, an annual review by the advisor managing that account.
Accounts may be reviewed more frequently through various means, including telephone calls,
in-person meetings, overall strategy reviews, and/or the review of monthly and quarterly
statements. Reviews are based on objectives and parameters established by clients, which are
generally memorialized through their client management agreements and Investment Policies.
More frequent reviews may also be triggered by a change in the client's investment objectives
or risk tolerance, tax considerations, large deposits or withdrawals, large purchases or sales,
loss of confidence in investment or fund managers, or changes in the economy or financial
markets.
Our investment team will also monitor managed and supervised accounts on an ongoing basis
to ensure that the advisory services provided to clients are consistent with the clients' stated
IPQ.
Depending on the nature of the engagement, financial plans may not be reviewed until after
the plan is delivered. The frequency of plan review will be dependent on the agreement terms.
If deemed necessary it may be reviewed quarterly, yearly or some other determinate amount
of time. Those reviews will revisit the initial plan and determine if any adjustments need to be
made to the objectives. Financial planning, by its nature, does require periodic review. Carrera
may use software and other tools to assist in generating a financial plan. In that circumstance,
Carrera will periodically evaluate the software and other tools for effectiveness and accuracy.
With respect to managed accounts, investment advisory clients receive standard account
statements from the independent, qualified custodian of their accounts no less frequently than
quarterly. The account statements received from the custodian and/or broker-dealer are the
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official records of the client's account(s). With respect to certain client accounts, Carrera may
provide, or cause to be provided, other statements setting forth the client's securities.
No on-going financial planning reports are provided for financial planning clients unless a
financial plan update or additional services are requested. Carrera will update a plan as needed
and when objectives or financial situation change.
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Promoter Arrangements
Carrera does not directly nor indirectly compensate third parties for client referrals.
Brokerage and Custody Services
We receive an economic benefit from Fidelity and Schwab in the form of the support products and services
they make available to us and other independent investment advisors whose clients maintain their accounts
at with them. You do not pay more for assets maintained at Fidelity and Schwab as a result of these
arrangements. However, we benefit from the arrangement because the cost of these services would
otherwise be borne directly by us. You should consider these conflicts of interest when selecting a
custodian. The products and services provided by Fidelity and Schwab, how they benefit us, and the related
conflicts of interest are described above (see Item 12, Brokerage Practices).
Insurance
Carrera Advisors will receive residual payments for insurance previously sold prior to Carrera
becoming a standalone investment advisory firm. Some Carrera investment advisor
representatives hold an insurance license, and act as insurance agents regarding fixed
insurance products only--as discussed in Item 10, along with the associated conflicts of interest
and how we address them.
Carrera’s policies and procedures attempt to mitigate conflicts of interest, however conflicts
of interest discussed here and in other Items of this Brochure still exist and are not entirely
removed or eliminated.
Item 15: Custody
We sometimes directly debit advisory and other fees from client accounts. As part of this billing
process, the independent, qualified custodian of the clients’ account(s) is advised of the amount
of the advisory or other fee to be deducted from the clients’ account(s). The clients will receive
account statements at least quarterly from the custodian holding the account(s). These
statements will show all transactions within the account during that reporting period, including
the amount of advisory or other fees debited from the clients’ account(s). Because the
custodian does not calculate the amount of the fees to be deducted, it is important for clients
to carefully review their account statements to verify the accuracy of the fee calculation, among
other things. A client should contact us directly if he/she believes there is an error or has a
question regarding an account statement.
Clients will receive account statements at least quarterly from the custodian holding the
account(s). These statements will show all transactions within the account during that reporting
period. It is important for clients to carefully and promptly review these account statements
when they receive them to ensure accuracy and that the reflected activity is authorized and
appropriate
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(See Item 12. (Brokerage Practices) for additional discussion of brokerage/custody
relationships.)
Item 16: Investment Discretion
When a client hires Carrera to provide discretionary investment advisory services, we have the
authority to place trades, buy and sell securities on the client's behalf, determine the amount
of the securities to buy and sell, and determine the nature and type of securities to buy and
sell without obtaining a client's consent or approval prior to each transaction. In some cases,
we will have the authority to hire and fire third-party money managers. Clients who give us
discretionary authority will give Carrera a limited power of attorney and/or trading authorization
forms to make the above decisions on their behalf.
In certain situations, agreed to by Carrera, Clients may limit our authority by giving us written
instructions, restrictions and guidelines via email communication or other written instructions.
(For example, a client may specify that the client's account should not contain investments in
a specific industry.) Clients can change such instructions, restrictions and guidelines by
providing us with written instructions. The most current written instructions will control. We will
not accept instructions via text message or similar instant messaging methods.
If the client enters into a non-discretionary arrangement with Carrera, we will obtain the client's
approval prior to the execution of any transactions in the account(s). With such an
arrangement, the client has the unrestricted right to decline to implement advice provided by
us on a non-discretionary basis.
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
Regardless of whether we have discretion over a client's account(s), we do not provide
guidance regarding voting, nor vote, corporate securities on behalf of any client. We will instruct
the qualified, independent custodian to forward all voting materials to the client to review and
make his or her own informed decision on how to vote. In the event we receive proxy or other
solicitation materials, we will forward them directly to the client by mail or by electronic mail (if
the client has authorized electronic communication).
Item 18: Financial Information
Carrera does not have any financial issues that would impair its ability to provide services to
clients and has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time. We have no additional
financial circumstances to report.
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