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ITEM 1 – COVER PAGE
Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure
Chandler Asset Management, Inc.
9255 Towne Centre Drive
Suite 600
San Diego, CA 92121
Telephone: 858-546-3737
Email: compliance@chandlerasset.com
Web Address: www.chandlerasset.com
September 8, 2025
This disclosure brochure (the “Brochure”) provides information about the qualifications and business
practices of Chandler Asset Management, Inc. (“Chandler”). If you have any questions about the contents
of this Brochure, please contact us at 858-546-3737 or compliance@chandlerasset.com. The information
in this Brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”) or by any state securities authority. Registration with the SEC does not imply any
level of skill or training.
Additional information about Chandler and its investment adviser representatives is also available on the
SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. You can search this site by name or by a unique identifying
number, known as a CRD number. Our firm's CRD number is 107287.
ITEM 2 – MATERIAL CHANGES
This Firm Brochure, dated September 8, 2025, provides you with a summary of Chandler's advisory
services and fees, professionals, certain business practices and policies, as well as actual or potential
conflicts of interest, among other things. This item (Item 2) is used to provide our clients with a summary
of new and/or updated information; we will inform you of the revision(s) based on the nature of the
information as follows.
1. Annual Update: We are required to update certain information at least annually, within 90 days of
our firm’s fiscal year end (“FYE”) of December 31. We will provide you with either a summary of
the revised information with an offer to deliver the full revised Brochure within 120 days of our
FYE or we will provide you with our revised Brochure that will include a summary of those changes
in this Item.
2. Material Changes: Should a material change in our operations occur, depending on its nature we
will promptly communicate this change to clients (and it will be summarized in this Item).
“Material changes” requiring prompt notification will include changes of ownership or control;
location or disciplinary proceedings. We may also advise you of other changes based on the nature
of the updated information.
The following summarizes new or revised disclosures.
•
• Brochure – Effective August 12, 2025, Chandler was appointed as investment adviser to the
California Fixed Income Trust. This Brochure has expanded its discussions around its roles and
responsibilities when acting as an investment adviser to local government investment pools.
Participants in these pools should pay special attention to the discussion around conflicts of interest
provided for Item 11A of this brochure.
Item 4 and Item 5 – This Brochure has been updated to more clearly discuss certain Reporting
Services provided by Chandler.
Clients and prospective clients are strongly encouraged to review this Brochure very carefully.
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ITEM 3 – TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item 1 – Cover Page ...................................................................................................................................... 0
Item 2 – Material Changes ............................................................................................................................ 1
Item 3 – Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 2
Item 4 – Advisory Business .......................................................................................................................... 4
Item 4A: Firm Overview ........................................................................................................................... 4
Item 4B: Types of Advisory Services ........................................................................................................ 4
Item 4C: Tailoring Advisory Services Offered Directly to Clients ........................................................... 5
Item 4E: Assets Under Management ......................................................................................................... 6
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation .................................................................................................................. 6
Item 5A: Fee Schedules ............................................................................................................................ 6
Item 5B: Fee Payment ............................................................................................................................... 8
Item 5C: Other Fees and Expenses and Valuation Policy ......................................................................... 8
Item 5D: Prepaid Fees ............................................................................................................................... 9
Item 5E: Compensation for the Sale of Securities or Investment Products ............................................ 10
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management .............................................................. 10
Item 7: Types of Clients .............................................................................................................................. 10
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ..................................................... 10
Item 8A: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ................................................ 10
Item 8B: Material Risks .......................................................................................................................... 15
Item 8C: Risks Associated with Particular Types of Securities Used ..................................................... 15
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information .............................................................................................................. 18
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ................................................................... 18
Item 11 – Code of Ethics, Particiption or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading ................ 19
Item 11A: Code of Ethics ........................................................................................................................ 19
Item 11B: Principal Trading and Agency Cross Trading ........................................................................ 19
Item 11C: Personal Trading .................................................................................................................... 20
Item 11D: Participation or Interest in Client Transactions ...................................................................... 20
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices .................................................................................................................... 21
Item 12A: Broker-Dealer Selection, Compensation & Trade Aggregation ............................................ 21
Item 12A.1: Soft Dollar Arrangements and Other Benefits .................................................................... 21
Item 12A.2: Research from Approved Brokers ...................................................................................... 21
Item 12A.3: Brokerage for Client Referrals ............................................................................................ 22
Item 12A.4: Directed Brokerage ............................................................................................................. 22
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Item 12B: Aggregating Client Trades ..................................................................................................... 22
Item 13 – Accounts Reviews ....................................................................................................................... 24
Item 13A: Periodic Account Reviews ..................................................................................................... 24
Item 13B: Other Reviews ........................................................................................................................ 24
Item 13C: Reporting ............................................................................................................................... 24
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation .................................................................................. 25
Item 14A: Other Compensation .............................................................................................................. 25
Item 15 – Custody ....................................................................................................................................... 25
Item 16 – Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................. 26
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities .............................................................................................................. 26
Item 17A: Proxy Voting .......................................................................................................................... 26
Item 17B: Where Client Retains Right to Vote Proxies .......................................................................... 27
Item 18 – Financial Information ................................................................................................................. 27
Item 18A: Financial Statement Requirement .......................................................................................... 27
Item 18B: Financial Condition ................................................................................................................ 27
Item 18C: Bankruptcy Disclosure ........................................................................................................... 27
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ITEM 4 – ADVISORY BUSINESS
ITEM 4A: FIRM OVERVIEW
Chandler Asset Management, Inc. (“Chandler”) is an SEC-registered investment adviser and employee-
owned business enterprise with its principal place of business located in San Diego, California. Since 1988,
Chandler has provided fixed income investment management services to the public sector, as well as to
hospitals, foundations, endowments, and corporations.
Chandler is wholly owned by Chandler Investor Services, Inc. which, in turn, is owned by the Chandler
Asset Management, Inc. Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”), Martin Cassell, CFO and Chairman
of the Board, and other individuals (all owning less than 25% of Chandler Investor Services, Inc.). Chandler
is under common ownership and control with Chandler Distribution Services, LLC, a registered broker-
dealer, please refer to Item 10 for additional information.
ITEM 4B: TYPES OF ADVISORY SERVICES
Chandler offers the following advisory services, where appropriate, to certain institutional clients such as
public agencies, hospitals and healthcare institutions, corporations or other business entities, foundations
and endowments, pension and profit-sharing plans, higher education institutions, local government
investment pools, and charitable organizations. The portfolio management services are offered to clients
directly.
FIXED INCOME PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT
Chandler specializes in fixed income portfolio management, utilizing a variety of investments, such as
corporate debt securities (notes and bonds), municipal bonds, U.S. Government Treasury bonds,
government sponsored enterprise debt securities (agencies), mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed
securities and money market securities, i.e., commercial paper. Please refer to Item 8 for further information
on our method of analysis and risks associated with this strategy.
MULTI ASSET CLASS PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT
Chandler also offers a Multi Asset Class strategy to clients seeking to attain exposure to a variety of global
equity, fixed income and other asset classes through investment in indexed or actively managed mutual
funds and exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”). Please refer to Item 8 for further information on our method of
analysis and risks associated with this strategy.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT POOLS
The Florida Surplus Asset Fund Trust (“FL SAFE”) – Chandler provides investment management
services to a suite of funds offered by FL SAFE – a Florida Local Government Investment Pool. FL SAFE
is organized under Florida state law and its participants consist of local government entities such as school
districts, community colleges, counties, municipalities and other units of local government. Participants in
FL SAFE should carefully review the FL SAFE Information Statement, which is available on the FL SAFE
website, for more details regarding the risks and characteristics of a specific FL SAFE pool. Please refer to
Item 8 for further information on our method of analysis and risks associated with this strategy.
The California Fixed Income Trust (“CalFIT”) – Chandler provides investment management services to
CalFIT – a California Local Government Investment Pool. CalFIT is organized under California state law
and its participants consist of local government entities such as school districts, community colleges,
counties, municipalities and other units of local government. Participants in CalFIT should carefully review
the CalFIT Information Statement, which is available on the CalFIT website, for more details regarding the
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risks and characteristics of a specific CalFIT pool. Please refer to Item 8 for further information on our
method of analysis and risks associated with this strategy.
Administrative Services – As discussed in Item 10, Chandler also acts as an administrative capacity to both
FL SAFE and CalFIT and is entitled to certain fees for those services.
Affiliated Broker-Dealer – Item 10 discusses the marketing and distribution role that Chandler Distribution
Services, LLC, Chandler’s affiliated broker-dealer, performs relation to both FL SAFE and CalFIT pools to
which Chandler also acts as investment manager (discussed above). Further, Item 11 discusses certain
conflicts of interests that may arise from these brokerage activities.
CONSULTING SERVICES
Chandler provides more focused investment advice to clients. This advice can pertain to areas that clients
consider a concern, such as analysis of a client’s existing portfolio, delivery of a report or periodic reports
of performance and recommended rebalancing of assets, or a review of the client’s investment policy. We
also provide specific consultation and administrative services regarding investment and financial concerns
of the client. Consulting recommendations are not limited to any specific product or service offered by a
broker-dealer.
REPORTING SERVICES
Chandler may provide clients with reports that combine information from all their investment accounts,
whether Chandler manages them or they are managed elsewhere. These reports may include details like
account balances, holdings, transactions, performance, and other financial information.
Chandler’s reporting services are designed to give clients a consolidated view of their investment portfolios.
However, when reporting on accounts not managed by Chandler, we rely on information provided by the
client, custodians, or third-party investment managers and Chandler does not independently verify the
accuracy of such information. Reporting services are intended solely for client informational purposes and
should not be construed as individualized investment advice with respect to non-managed accounts. Clients
utilizing reporting services should continue to rely on the official statements and records provided by
custodians or other account managers for tax reporting, trade confirmations, and official account data.
ESG REPORTING SERVICES
Chandler provides environmental, social and governance reporting services (“ESG Reporting Services”) to
clients on a negotiated basis. ESG Reporting Services may include data collection, analysis, and preparation
of reports on environmental impact, social responsibility, and governance practices of investments held by
the clients in portfolios managed by Chandler. Such reports will typically be distributed on a quarterly basis
or as otherwise mutually agreed upon. In offering these services, Chandler relies on third parties which we
deem reliable, but Chandler makes no warranties as to the information provided.
ITEM 4C: TAILORING ADVISORY SERVICES OFFERED DIRECTLY TO CLIENTS
At the beginning of the client relationship, we have discussions with clients to determine their overall
investment goals, to develop a specific investment policy for each client (as needed) and confirm that the
selected strategy meets their current needs. During our information gathering process, we review the client’s
individual objectives, time horizons, risk tolerance, liquidity needs and any investment restrictions they
may want to place on the assets in their account. As appropriate, we also review and discuss a client's prior
investment history, and any other relevant issues. Once these reviews and discussions take place, the client
enters into a written agreement directly with Chandler for advisory services.
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Clients are responsible for informing us of any changes to their guidelines, individual needs and/or
restrictions and should do so promptly upon such change. We do not assume any responsibility for the
accuracy of the information provided by the client.
Generally, we manage clients’ advisory accounts on a discretionary basis but will manage a client’s account
on a non-discretionary basis, if requested by a client. Please refer to Item 16 for further information on our
discretionary authority of client accounts.
In addition to the types of securities utilized by Chandler for its Fixed Income Portfolio Management and
Multi Asset Class Portfolio Management services outlined above, we also provide advice on or manage
other investments for clients, particularly when a client already has securities in his/her portfolio at the time
the client opens an account with Chandler. These generally include, but are not limited to:
• Exchange-listed securities
• Securities traded over-the-counter
• Certificates of deposit
Some types of investments involve certain additional degrees of risk; therefore, they will only be
implemented or recommended when consistent with the client's stated investment goals, tolerance for risk,
liquidity and suitability requirements. Please refer to Item 8 for further information on the risks associated
with investments made in clients’ accounts.
Clients will always retain individual ownership of all securities through their selected custodian.
ITEM 4E: ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT
As of December 31, 2024, Chandler had $41,582,938,832 in assets under management, of which
$33,990,769,058 being managed on a discretionary basis and $7,592,169,774 being managed on a non-
discretionary basis.
ITEM 5 – FEES AND COMPENSATION
ITEM 5A: FEE SCHEDULES
The annual fee for client accounts is charged as a percentage of assets under management, according to the
following schedules:
Fixed Income Portfolio Management
Assets Under Management
All Assets
Annual Asset Management Fee
0.15 of 1% (15 basis points)
A minimum of $20 million in assets under management is required for this service. Chandler reserves the
right to negotiate alternative minimum account size and fees on a case-by-case basis. Chandler will
aggregate certain related client accounts for the purposes of achieving the minimum account size and
determining the annualized fee.
Multi Asset Class Portfolio Management
Assets Under Management
All Assets
Annual Asset Management Fee
0.25 of 1% (25 basis points)
A minimum of $1 million in assets under management is required for this service. Chandler reserves the
right to negotiate alternative minimum account size and advisory fees on a case-by-case basis. Chandler
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will aggregate certain related client accounts for the purposes of achieving the minimum account size and
determining the annualized fee.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT POOLS
FL SAFE and CalFIT pay a percentage of assets under management in accordance with the fees negotiated
in the respective investment management agreements between Chandler, FL SAFE and CalFIT. Fees and
services for a future local government investment pool client may be negotiated based on the extent and
nature of advisory services that Chandler provides depending upon the specific arrangement provided to
that client. Participants in either FL SAFE and CalFIT are delivered the Information Statement and other
formation documents prior to investing. Please see the respective Information Statements for FL SAFE and
CalFIT for further details.
CONSULTING SERVICES FEES
Chandler's Consulting Services fees will be determined based on the nature of the services being provided
and the complexity of each client’s circumstances. All fees are agreed upon prior to entering into a contract
with any client.
Chandler’s Consulting Services fees are calculated in one, or both, of two ways:
1. On a fixed fee basis, subject to the specific arrangement reached with the client; and/or
2. On an hourly basis, ranging up to $500.00 per hour. An estimate for the total hours is determined
at the start of the advisory relationship.
The length of time it will take to complete Consulting Services will depend on the scope and terms of the
engagement. Fees are due and payable upon completion of the Consulting Service or on an agreed upon
payment schedule. A retainer may be requested upon completion of Chandler's fact-finding session with the
client; however, advance payment will never exceed $1,200 for work that will not be completed within six
months. There is no minimum fee for Chandler’s Consulting Services.
REPORTING SERVICES FEES
For clients who elect to receive reporting services, Chandler generally charges a separate reporting fee with
respect to non-managed assets included in such reports. The reporting fee is negotiable; however,
Chandler’s standard proposal is an annual fee of one basis point (0.01%) of the value of all non-managed
assets for which reporting is provided. No reporting fee is charged on local government investment pools
directly managed by Chandler.
Chandler’s annual reporting fee is billed monthly or in some instances quarterly, in arrears, and is calculated
based on the average market value of a client's reporting account(s) for the billing period, unless indicated
otherwise in the client agreement. Because reporting services cover accounts not managed by Chandler,
asset values are generally based on information provided by custodians, clients, or other third-party sources
and are not independently verified by Chandler.
Clients should note that reporting service fees are in addition to any investment management fees charged
on assets managed directly by Chandler, as well as any fees charged by custodians, third-party managers,
or other service providers.
ESG REPORTING SERVICES FEES
For clients who elect to receive ESG Reporting Services, Chandler generally charges a separate reporting
fee for such reports. The reporting fee is negotiable; however, Chandler’s standard proposal is an annual
fee of one basis point (0.01%) of the value of all assets for which reporting is provided. Fees for ESG
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Reporting Services are typically calculated and billed monthly in arrears, based on the asset values as of
the last day of the prior month, unless otherwise agreed.
GENERAL FEE INFORMATION
Grandfathering of Minimum Account Requirements: Pre-existing advisory clients are subject to
Chandler's minimum account requirements and advisory fees in effect at the time the client entered into the
advisory relationship. Therefore, our firm's minimum account requirements and advisory fees differ among
clients.
Advisory Fees in General: Clients should note that similar advisory services may or may not be available
from other registered investment advisers for similar or lower fees. Chandler’s clients are not required to
pay any start-up or closing fees; there are no penalty fees.
Termination of the Advisory Relationship: A client agreement between a client and Chandler may be
canceled at any time, by either party, for any reason upon receipt of written notice. As disclosed in Item 5D
below, certain fees may be paid in advance of services provided. Upon termination of any account, any
prepaid, unearned fees will be promptly refunded to the client. In calculating a client’s reimbursement of
fees, we will pro rate to the effective date of termination on the basis of actual days elapsed.
Fee Calculation: Chandler’s annual advisory fee is billed monthly or in some instances quarterly, in arrears,
and is calculated based on the average market value of a client's account for the billing period, including
accrued interest unless indicated otherwise in the client agreement. Cash and cash equivalent balances are
included in the total market value calculation unless noted otherwise in the client agreement. We will value
securities or investments in the portfolio in a manner determined in good faith to reflect fair market value.
Chandler uses an independent third-party pricing source to value client securities.
Limited Negotiability of Advisory Fees: Although Chandler has established the aforementioned fee
schedules, we retain the discretion to negotiate alternative fees on a case-by-case basis. Client facts,
circumstances and needs will be considered in determining the fee schedule. These include the complexity
of the client, the assets to be placed under management, the anticipated future additional assets, the
existence of any related accounts, portfolio style, account composition, reports, among other factors. The
specific annual fee schedule will be identified in the written agreement between Chandler and each client.
We group certain related client accounts for the purposes of achieving the minimum account size
requirements and determining the annual advisory fee.
Chandler reserves the right to reduce or waive advisory fees for services provided to related persons of the
firm and their immediate family members. Such rates are not available to all of Chandler’s advisory clients.
ITEM 5B: FEE PAYMENT
Generally, each client’s custodian debits Chandler’s advisory fees from the client’s account and pays such
fee directly to us upon receipt of an invoice, unless otherwise arranged by the client. Clients entering into
written agreements with Chandler have discretion over whether or not Chandler may directly debit fees
from the client’s account. Clients who do not permit direct debiting will be invoiced directly with payment
due upon receipt of the invoice.
ITEM 5C: OTHER FEES AND EXPENSES AND VALUATION POLICY
Mutual Fund Fees: All fees paid to Chandler for investment advisory services are separate and distinct
from the fees and expenses charged by mutual funds and/or ETFs to their shareholders. The fees and
expenses charged by mutual funds and ETFs are described in each fund's prospectus. These fees will
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generally include a management fee, other fund expenses, 12b-1 fees and possible distribution or
redemption fees. If the fund also imposes sales charges, a client may pay an initial or deferred sales charge.
A client could invest in a mutual fund directly, without our services. In that case, the client would not receive
the services provided by our firm which are designed, among other things, to assist the client in determining
which mutual fund or funds are most appropriate to each client's financial condition and objectives.
Importantly, clients should review both the fees charged by mutual funds and ETFs and our fees to fully
understand the total amount of fees to be paid by the client and to thereby evaluate the advisory services
being provided. Chandler is not affiliated with any mutual funds or ETFs, does not share in the fees charged
by mutual funds and ETFs, does not participate in the investment decisions regarding the portfolios of
mutual funds and ETFs and is not liable regarding such investments.
The fees and related expenses charged by mutual funds and ETFs can be found in the respective fund’s
prospectus and statement of additional information, which should be read carefully before investing.
Short Term Idle Cash Investment: Chandler can move some or all of the non-invested cash in a client’s
account to a money market mutual fund that may generate an interest return. If the cash is invested through
a mutual fund, there may be times when an affiliate of the client’s custodian may be the manager of such
fund and would receive separate management fees from the mutual fund. Chandler is not affiliated with any
such custodian, does not share in that fee, does not participate in the investment decisions of the mutual
fund portfolio and is not liable regarding such investments.
Custodian and Broker Fees and Expenses: In addition to our advisory fees, clients are also responsible for
the fees and expenses charged by custodians and imposed by broker-dealers, including, but not limited to,
any transaction charges imposed by a broker-dealer that effects transactions for the client's account(s).
Please refer to the "Brokerage Practices" section (Item 12) of this Brochure for additional information.
From time to time, Chandler recommends a custodian to clients who do not have an existing custodial
relationship established. Among others, Chandler generally recommends Union Bank, Bank of New
York/Mellon, US Bank, Wells Fargo, Bank of America or Charles Schwab & Co. Some of these custodians
offer special pricing for institutional clients of Chandler. Chandler does not receive any compensation from
the custodians we refer to our clients. The rates offered will depend on the size of the assets or type of
account. Clients retain full discretionary authority over the selection of the custodian to be used.
Valuation Policy: For all publicly traded securities held in clients’ accounts, Chandler receives daily prices
electronically from a third-party provider, which are reviewed internally monthly by designated investment
personnel. When it is believed that the price provided is not correct or for times when the third party does
not provide a price, Chandler will obtain pricing from a different third-party pricing source. This creates a
conflict of interest since this practice could incentivize the designated investment personnel to select a
pricing source that reflects a higher price per share for the security. To address this conflict, Chandler
maintains detailed written policies and procedures regarding valuation of clients’ securities, which includes
among other things, a list of approved third-party pricing vendors used by Chandler and reviews of price
changes by the Co-Chief Investment Officers and Chief Compliance Officer.
ITEM 5D: PREPAID FEES
Limited Prepayment of Fees: Under no circumstances do we require or solicit payment of fees in excess
of $1,200 more than six months in advance of services rendered.
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ITEM 5E: COMPENSATION FOR THE SALE OF SECURITIES OR INVESTMENT
PRODUCTS
As discussed further in Item 10, Chandler, through common ownership and control, is affiliated with a
registered broker-dealer which acts as marketing and distribution agent to certain investment pools to which
Chandler also acts as investment adviser. However, Chandler is not affiliated with any broker-dealers or
mutual fund companies which offer securities to the general public, and therefore we do not receive any
compensation for the purchase or sale of securities or investment products used in client accounts, outside
of those pools discussed here and in Item 10.
6: PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND
SIDE-BY-SIDE
ITEM
MANAGEMENT
Chandler does not charge performance-based fees (i.e., fees calculated based on a share of capital gains on
or capital appreciation of the client’s assets or any portion of the client’s assets).
Consequently, we do not engage in side-by-side management of accounts that are charged a performance-
based fee with accounts that are charged another type of fee (such as assets under management).
ITEM 7: TYPES OF CLIENTS
Chandler provides advisory services to the following types of clients:
• State, local or other municipal government entities
• Local Government Investment Pools (“LGIPs”)
• Healthcare institutions
• Higher education institutions
• Charitable organizations
• Pension and profit-sharing plans (other than plan participants)
• Corporations or other business entities not listed above
• Retirement Accounts
As disclosed above in Item 5A of this Brochure, we have established certain initial minimum account asset
requirements to maintain an account based on the nature of the service(s) being provided. For a more
detailed understanding of those requirements, please review the disclosures provided in each applicable
service.
ITEM 8 – METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND
RISK OF LOSS
ITEM 8A: METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF
LOSS
METHODS OF ANALYSIS
Chandler uses all or any combination of the following methods of analysis in formulating our investment
advice and/or managing client assets:
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• Fundamental Analysis. We attempt to measure the intrinsic value of a security or a market sector
by looking at broad economic and financial factors (including the overall economy, industry
conditions and the market’s valuation of the security or market sector) to identify securities or
market sectors that we believe are fairly valued or undervalued. Fundamental analysis does not
attempt to anticipate market movements. This presents a potential risk, as the price of a security
can move up or down along with the overall market regardless of the economic and financial factors
considered in evaluating the security.
• Technical Analysis. We analyze past market movements and may occasionally apply that analysis
to choose the price at which we wish to purchase or sell a given security. While we may seek a
specific price for a security, technical analysis is never the main determinant of our purchase or sell
process. A risk in using technical analysis is that the methods or models we use may not result in
the best price of a given day.
• Quantitative Analysis. We use a proprietary quantitative model (Horizon Analysis Model) that
utilizes mathematical analysis to estimate the impact of interest rate changes on individual
securities and portfolios of securities. The results of our quantitative analysis are taken into
consideration in the decision to buy or sell securities and in the management of portfolio
characteristics. A risk in using quantitative analysis is that the methods or models used may be
based on assumptions that prove to be incorrect.
• Qualitative Analysis. We use qualitative analysis to evaluate individual securities, focusing on
other non-quantifiable factors, such as quality of management, not readily subject to measurement
and incorporate that analysis into our security selection process. A risk in using qualitative analysis
is that our subjective judgment may prove incorrect.
• Asset Allocation. We generally focus on identifying an appropriate allocation of securities,
maturities, market sectors and yield curve positioning suitable for the client’s investment goals and
risk tolerance. A risk of asset allocation is that the client may not participate in sharp increases in a
particular security, industry or market sector. Another risk is that the allocation will change over
time due to market movements in the various sectors, which, if not corrected, may no longer be
appropriate for the client’s goals.
• Mutual Fund and/or ETF Analysis. In selecting mutual funds and ETFs for Multi Asset Class
portfolios, we look at the experience and track record of the manager of the mutual fund or ETF in
an attempt to determine if that manager has demonstrated an ability to invest over a period of time
and in different economic conditions. We also look at the underlying assets in a mutual fund or ETF
to determine if there is significant overlap in the underlying investments held in other fund(s) in
the client’s portfolio. We monitor the funds and ETFs to determine if they continue to follow their
stated investment strategy. A risk of mutual fund and/or ETF analysis is that, as in all securities
investments, past performance does not guarantee future results. A manager who has been
successful may not be able to replicate that success in the future. In addition, as we do not control
the underlying investments in a fund or ETF, managers of different funds held by the client may
purchase the same security, potentially increasing the risk to the client if that security were to fall
in value. There is also a risk that a manager may deviate from the stated investment mandate or
strategy of the fund or ETF, which could make the holding(s) less suitable for the client’s portfolio.
Risks for all forms of analysis: Our securities analysis methods rely on the assumption that the companies
whose securities we purchase and sell as well as other purchased or publicly available sources of
information about these securities are providing accurate and unbiased data. While we are alert to
indications that data may be incorrect, there is always a risk that our analysis may be compromised by
inaccurate or misleading information.
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FIXED INCOME PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
We believe that a conservative, risk-controlled approach to fixed income management will provide both
steady incremental outperformance and low relative volatility.
• The disciplined process we employ in an effort to realize this philosophy is generally grounded in
four key decisions:
• Constraint of portfolio duration within a narrow range relative to the benchmark to limit exposure
to market risk
• Strategic allocations to key sectors to add value relative to the benchmark
• Active management of term structure to add value in different yield curve environments
• Security selection based on rigorous credit and relative value analysis and broad diversification of
non-government issuers
Within our fixed income strategy, we use the following sub-strategies in managing client accounts, provided
that such sub-strategies are appropriate to the needs of the client and consistent with the client's investment
objectives, risk tolerance, and time horizons, among other considerations:
• Duration Constraints. We adhere to a discipline of generally maintaining duration within a narrow
band around benchmark duration in order to limit exposure to market risk. Our portfolio
management team rebalances client portfolios to their current duration targets on a periodic basis.
The risk of constraining duration is that the client may underperform a neutral duration portfolio as
bond prices move up or down.
• Sector Allocation. We allocate client assets to various sectors of the fixed income market, including
US Treasury obligations, federal agency securities, corporate notes, mortgage-backed securities
and others based on our quantitative and qualitative analysis in order to manage client exposure to
a given sector and to provide exposure to sectors we believe have good value. The risk of sector
allocation is that clients may underperform depending on the allocation to any particular sector as
those prices rise or fall.
• Security Selection. A proprietary credit evaluation process drives our security selection process.
The system uses both internally and externally generated credit research to evaluate securities we
are considering for purchase. Based on research we conduct internally, our Credit Committee
selects securities for our Approved List. The ultimate decision to purchase or sell a security is based
on the firm’s evaluation of the current price for the security. The risk of security selection is that
the methods of analysis employed will not provide accurate measurement of the risk association
with each individual security.
• Long-term purchases. We purchase securities with the idea of holding them in the client's account
for a year or longer. Typically, we employ this sub-strategy when:
o We believe the securities to be well valued, and/or
o We want exposure to a particular asset class over time, regardless of the current projection
for this class.
A risk in a long-term purchase strategy is that by holding the security for this length of time we may not
take advantage of short-term gains that could be profitable to a client. Moreover, if our analysis is incorrect,
a security may decline sharply in value before we make the decision to sell.
MULTI ASSET CLASS PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
We invest in Multi Asset Class portfolios for clients with certain objectives and risk tolerances. This strategy
begins with assumptions that the firm develops about the expected long-term performance of various asset
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classes including domestic and foreign stocks and bonds, real estate, commodities, cash and others. Based
on the expected returns and risk characteristics of these asset classes, we prepare an asset allocation suitable
for the individual client’s objectives and risk tolerances. The investment vehicles that we currently employ
for this strategy are mutual funds or exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) that are designed to track market
returns and volatilities.
The mutual funds or ETFs will be selected based on any or all of the following criteria: the fund's
performance history, the industry sector in which the fund invests, the fund manager’s track record, the
fund's investment objectives, the fund's management style and philosophy and the fund's management fee
structure. Portfolio weighting between funds and market sectors will be determined by each client's
individual needs and circumstances.
Once the client’s portfolio is in place, we rebalance it each quarter to the client’s target allocation. On an
annual basis, at a minimum, we review the costs and performance of our selected investment vehicles to
ensure the funds or ETFs are performing as we expect.
The risks of this strategy include (1) that our analysis of long-term return expectations will not be correct;
(2) that the portfolios will not be properly rebalanced; and (3) that the investment vehicles we employ will
not track market returns and volatility as we expect. Detailed information on the risks associated with the
investments made by the mutual funds or ETFs will be outlined in each fund’s prospectus.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT POOL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
All investments involve risk and investing in the Local Government Investment Pools (“LGIPs”) is no
exception. Set forth below are the principal risk factors of the LGIPs. Please refer to the respective
Information Statements for FL SAFE and CalFIT for more information.
• Concentration Risk: Any fund that concentrates in a particular segment of the market will generally
be more volatile than a fund that invests more broadly. Any market price movements, regulatory or
technological changes, or economic conditions affecting banks or financial institutions may have a
significant impact on an LGIP’s performance.
• Counterparty Risk: Each of the LGIPs is exposed to the risk that third parties that owe it money,
securities or other assets will not perform their obligations. These parties may default on their
obligations due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons.
• Credit Risk: The issuer of a debt security may fail to pay interest or principal when due, and changes
•
•
in credit quality may reduce the value of debt securities or reduce the LGIP’s returns.
Interest Rate Risk: Rising interest rates could cause the value of the LGIP’s investments, and
therefore its share price as well, to decline. Conversely, any decline in interest rates is likely to
cause the LGIP’s yield to decline, and during periods of unusually low interest rates, the LGIP’s
yield may approach zero. While the LGIP’s service providers may voluntarily agree to waive a
portion of their fees to support a positive yield during periods of low interest rates, there is no
assurance they will do so. For floating-rate obligations and variable-rate obligations, because the
interest these securities pay is adjustable, there are market environments where they may have a
beneficial or detrimental impact to the yield of the LGIPs relative to fixed rate securities issued by
similar issuers and terms to maturity.
Issuer Risk: The value of a security may decline because of adverse events or circumstances that
directly relate to conditions at the issuer or any entity providing it credit or liquidity support.
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• Lack of Governmental Insurance or Guarantee: An investment in the LGIPs is not a bank deposit.
Investments in LGIPs are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
or any other government agency.
• Liquidity Risk: LGIPs could experience significant net redemptions of its shares at a time when it
was unable to find willing buyers for its portfolio securities or could only sell its portfolio securities
at a material loss. In addition, with respect to a Variable NAV pool, there are restrictions on a
participant’s ability to withdraw funds from such pool.
• Management Risk: LGIPs are subject to management risk, which is the risk that poor security
selection by Chandler could cause an LGIP to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds
with a similar investment objective. There is no guarantee of the LGIP’s performance or that the
LGIP will meet their objective. The market value of your investment may decline and you may
suffer investment loss.
• Market Risk: The market price of securities owned by an LGIP may rapidly or unpredictably
decline due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries.
• Ratings Risk: There is no guarantee that an LGIP will achieve or maintain any particular rating.
• Regulatory Risk: Changes in government regulations may adversely affect the value of a security.
An insufficiently regulated industry or market might also permit inappropriate practices that
adversely affect an investment.
• Redemption Risk: LGIPs may experience periods of heavy redemptions that could cause the
applicable fund to liquidate its assets at inopportune times or at a loss or depressed value,
particularly during periods of declining or illiquid markets. Redemptions by a few large participants
may have a significant adverse effect on the ability to maintain a stable $1.00 share price or the net
asset value of the LGIPs, as applicable. Further, under circumstances described in the “How to
Redeem Shares in the Funds” of the Information Statement, redemptions from the LGIPs may be
temporarily suspended.
• Repurchase Agreement Risk: A repurchase agreement involves the purchase of a security coupled
with an agreement by the seller to repurchase the security at a specified date and price. While
repurchase agreements are intended to provide safety and liquidity, participants in LGIPs should
understand that these transactions are not risk-free and may expose the LGIP to losses under certain
circumstances. While these agreements are generally considered low risk and provide short-term
liquidity, they carry the following risks:
• Counterparty Default Risk: If the party that sells the security fails to repurchase it as
agreed, the LGIP could experience delays in recovering its cash or suffer a loss if the
market value of the underlying security declines.
• Collateral Risk: Although repurchase agreements are typically collateralized, the value of
the collateral may decrease or prove insufficient to cover the seller’s obligation,
particularly during periods of market stress.
• Liquidity Risk: In stressed market conditions, it may be difficult to sell the collateral
securities quickly without a loss in value, potentially limiting the LGIP’s ability to meet
redemption requests.
• Operational Risk: Repurchase agreements rely on proper settlement, custody, and
monitoring of collateral. Failures in these operational processes could increase the risk of
loss.
• Stable NAV Risk: Although an LGIP may seek to maintain the value of a participant’s investment
at $1.00 per share (a Stable NAV pool), the share price is not guaranteed, and if it falls below $1.00
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and a participant could lose money. The share price could fall below $1.00 as a result of the actions
of one or more large participants in an LGIP. The credit quality of an LGIP can change rapidly in
certain markets, and the default of a single holding could cause an LGIP’s share price to fall below
$1.00, as could periods of high redemption pressures and/or illiquid markets.
• Variable NAV Risk: In contrast, the net asset value of a Variable NAV pool will fluctuate as the
market value of the securities in the portfolio changes over time, and the net asset value of a
participant’s investment could decline below the amount originally invested by the participant. A
participant that cannot bear this risk should not invest in the Variable NAV pool.
• Temporary Suspension of Redemptions: Under certain circumstances, redemptions from the
LGIPs may be temporarily suspended.
• U.S. Government Obligations Risk: U.S. government obligations may be adversely impacted by
changes in interest rates. For U.S. government obligations that are not backed by the full faith and
credit of the U.S. government, there can be no assurance that the U.S. government will provide
financial support when it is not obligated to do so.
ITEM 8B: MATERIAL RISKS
Risk of Loss: Securities investments are not guaranteed, and a client may lose money on their investments.
We ask that each client work with us to help us understand their tolerance for risk. Investors should be
aware that investment prices fluctuate as the securities are affected by economic and other factors. As a
result, the value of your investment may increase or decrease. Bonds held to maturity will return the full
par or face value amount to the bondholder at maturity (absent a default); however, those sold prior to
maturity are subject to gain or loss depending on the market price at the time of sale.
For risks specific to a particular method of analysis or investment strategy, please see Item 8A above.
For risks specific to a particular type of security, please see Item 8C below.
ITEM 8C: RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH PARTICULAR TYPES OF SECURITIES USED
RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FIXED INCOME SECURITIES
Chandler specializes in investment grade fixed income portfolio management. Despite the generally
conservative nature of many fixed income investments, there are a variety of risks associated with fixed
income investing.
Fixed income securities represent monies lent by investors to corporate and government institutions. Risks
vary according to the type of fixed income investment purchased along with the general level of interest
rates in the economy.
The risks commonly associated with fixed income securities are:
•
• Market Risk: The price of the security may drop in reaction to tangible and intangible events and
conditions. This type of risk is caused by external factors independent of a security’s particular
underlying circumstances.
Interest Rate Risk: The risk that the value of an interest-bearing investment will change due to
changes in the general level of interest rates in the market. The market value of a bond fluctuates
inversely to the change in interest rates; that is, as interest rates rise, bond prices fall and vice versa.
Interest rate risk is commonly measured by a bond’s duration, the greater a bond’s duration, the
greater the impact on price of a change in interest rates. Investors may incur a gain or loss from
bonds sold prior to the final maturity date.
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• Credit Risk: The risk that principal and/or interest on a fixed income investment will not be paid in
a timely manner or in full due to changes in the financial condition of the issuer. Generally, the
higher the perceived credit risk, the higher the rate of interest investors will receive on their
investment. Many bonds are rated by a third party Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating
Organization (NRSRO), for example, Moody’s Investor Services or Standard & Poor’s Inc. While
ratings may assist investors to determine the creditworthiness of the issuer, they are not a guarantee
of performance.
• Reinvestment Risk: The risk that interest and principal payments from a bond will be reinvested at
a lower yield than that received on the original bond. During periods of declining interest rates,
bond payments may be invested at lower rates; during periods of rising rates, bond payments may
be invested at higher rates.
• Call Risk: The risk that a bond will be called by its issuer. A callable bond has a provision which
allows the issuer to purchase the bond back from the bondholders at a predetermined price.
Generally, issuers call bonds when prevailing rates are lower than the cost of the outstanding bond.
Call provisions allow an issuer to retire high-rate bonds on a predefined call schedule.
• Prepayment Risk: Some types of bonds are subject to prepayment risk. Similar to call risk,
prepayment risk is the risk that the issuer of a security will repay principal prior to the bond’s
maturity date, thereby changing the expected payment schedule of the bonds. Prepayment risk is
particularly prevalent in the mortgage-backed bond market, where a decline in interest rates can
trigger loan holders to pre-pay their mortgages. When investors in a bond comprised of the
underlying pool of mortgages receives his or her principal back sooner than expected, they may be
forced to reinvest at prevailing, lower rates.
•
• Liquidity Risk: The risk stemming from the lack of marketability of an investment that cannot be
bought or sold quickly enough to prevent or minimize a loss. Liquidity risk is typically reflected in
a wide bid-ask spread or large price movements.
Inflation Risk: When any type of inflation is present, a dollar today will not buy as much as a dollar
next year, because purchasing power is eroding at the rate of inflation.
• Opportunity Cost Risk: The risk that an investor may forego profits or returns from other
investments.
RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH MUTUAL FUNDS AND EXCHANGE TRADED FUNDS
As discussed in further detail in Item 4B above, Chandler also offers a Multi Asset Class strategy to clients
seeking to attain balanced returns. This strategy provides exposure to various equity, fixed income and other
asset classes through investments in indexed or actively managed mutual funds and exchange traded funds
(“ETFs”).
Chandler is not affiliated with any such mutual fund or ETF company, does not share in any fees charged
by a mutual fund or ETF and does not participate in any investment decisions relating to the management
of a mutual fund or ETF portfolio.
Mutual Funds
A mutual fund is a company that pools money from many investors and invests the money in different
securities or assets based on the investment strategy or goals of the particular fund. Each share of a mutual
fund represents an investor’s proportionate ownership of the fund’s holdings and the income those holdings
generate.
The risks most commonly associated with mutual funds are:
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• Market Volatility: Investment returns will fluctuate and are subject to market volatility, so that a
client’s shares, when redeemed or sold, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Past
performance is no guarantee of future results.
• Tracking Error for Index Funds: Index mutual funds seek to track the returns of a market
benchmark such as the S&P 500 index, by holding the same securities or a representative sample.
A risk of using index mutual funds is that the fund may not be able to track its benchmark closely
creating the potential for lower returns than the benchmark.
• Lack of Control/Transparency: Clients typically are not given the exact make-up of a fund’s
portfolio at any given time, nor can they directly influence which securities the fund manager buys
and sells or the timing of those trades.
•
• Price Uncertainty: With an individual stock, a client can obtain real-time pricing information with
relative ease by either checking financial websites or by calling a broker. With a mutual fund, the
price at which a client purchases or redeems shares will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which
the fund might not calculate until many hours after a client has placed their order. Mutual funds
generally calculate their NAV at least once per business day.
International Risk: Chandler invests in Mutual Funds offered by US based fund companies that
invest in non-US companies and markets, which entail additional risks. Non-US markets may be
more volatile due to a variety of factors including, less liquidity, transparency and oversight of
companies or assets. Values of non-US investments may fluctuate due to changes in currency
exchange rates. Non-US companies are also subject to risks that come with political and economic
stability that may affect their respective countries. These risks may be greater in emerging market
countries.
Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)
ETFs are investment funds that trade on stock exchanges much like stocks and will fluctuate in market
value. ETFs also may trade at prices above or below the ETFs net asset value. Brokerage commissions and
ETF expenses will reduce returns. Additionally, frequent trading of ETFs could significantly increase
commissions and other costs such that they may offset any savings from low fees or costs.
Equity based ETFs are subject to risks similar to those of stocks and fixed income ETFs are subject to risks
similar to those of bonds.
The risks most commonly associated with ETF securities are:
• Market Volatility: Investment returns will fluctuate and are subject to market volatility, so that a
client’s shares, when redeemed or sold, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Past
performance is no guarantee of future results.
• Tracking Error for Index ETFs: Index ETFs seek to track the returns of a market benchmark such
as S&P 500 index, by holding the same securities or a representative sample. A risk of using index
ETFs is that the fund may not be able to track its benchmark closely creating the potential for lower
returns than the benchmark.
• Lack of Control/Transparency: Clients typically are not given the exact make-up of a fund’s
portfolio at any given time, nor can they directly influence which securities the fund manager buys
and sells or the timing of those trades.
• Liquidity Risk: The risk stemming from the lack of marketability of an investment that cannot be
bought or sold quickly enough to prevent or minimize a loss. Liquidity risk is typically reflected in
a wide bid-ask spread or large price movements.
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•
International Risk: Chandler invests in ETFs offered by U.S. based fund companies that invest in
non-U.S. companies and markets, which entail additional risks. Non-U.S. markets may be more
volatile due to a variety of factors including, less liquidity, transparency and oversight of companies
and assets. Values of non-U.S. investments may fluctuate due to changes in currency exchange
rates. Non-U.S. companies are also subject to risks that come with political and economic stability
that may affect their respective countries. These risks may be greater in emerging market countries.
Chandler does not represent, guarantee or imply that the services or methods of analysis employed by us
can or will predict future results, successfully identify market tops or bottoms, or insulate clients from losses
due to market corrections or declines
ITEM 9 – DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
We are required to disclose any legal or disciplinary events that are material to a client's or prospective
client's evaluation of our advisory business or the integrity of our management. Neither our firm nor our
Management Persons have any reportable disciplinary events to disclose.
ITEM 10 – OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND
AFFILIATIONS
Chandler serves in an administrative capacity for FL SAFE and CalFIT for which Chandler also serves as
the Investment Adviser (please see Items 4 and 5 for further details). In providing these services, Chandler,
receives a percentage of the average daily net assets of the FL SAFE and CalFIT portfolios. These fees vary
based on the services requested by FL SAFE or CalFIT, and the amount of the assets under administration.
Participants in FL SAFE or CalFIT are delivered the Information Statement and formation documents prior
to investing. Please see the Information Statement for your respective LGIP more details.
Chandler Distribution Services, LLC
Through its parent company, Chandler Investor Services, Inc, Chandler is under common ownership and
control with Chandler Distribution Services, LLC ("Chandler Distribution"), a broker-dealer registered with
the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
(“FINRA”), the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”), the Municipal Securities Rulemaking
Board (“MSRB”) and certain states. Chandler Distribution provides marketing and distribution services to
certain interests of local government investment pools (“LGIP”) to which Chandler also acts as investment
adviser.
Potential Conflicts of Interest
Due to this affiliation, conflicts of interest may arise, including, but not limited to:
1. Chandler may recommend investing in LGIPs distributed by Chandler Distribution, which could
result in indirect compensation for the affiliated entity.
2. Employees of Chandler may also be registered representatives of Chandler Distribution, creating
an incentive to recommend products or services that provide additional compensation.
3. The placement of LGIP interests by Chandler Distribution benefits Chandler because Chandler acts
as investment adviser to these same LGIPS, thus resulting in Chandler receiving compensation for
its advisory services to those LGIPs.
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Chandler addresses these conflicts as follows:
• All recommendations are made in the best interests of clients and are based on their individual
investment goals and financial circumstances.
• Chandler maintains policies and procedures, including disclosure of conflicts and employee
training, to ensure recommendations are unbiased and fully compliant with applicable fiduciary
standards.
• Clients are encouraged to review all recommendations and ask questions to ensure they understand
potential conflicts and the rationale behind the advice provided.
If you have questions about Chandler’s relationship with Chandler Distribution, please contact us at us at
858-546-3737 or compliance@chandlerasset.com.
ITEM 11 – CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPTION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT
TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING
ITEM 11A: CODE OF ETHICS
Our firm maintains a Code of Ethics which sets forth high ethical standards of business conduct that we
require of our employees, including compliance with applicable federal securities laws.
Chandler and our personnel owe a duty of loyalty, fairness and good faith towards our clients, and have an
obligation to adhere not only to the specific provisions of the Code of Ethics but to the general principles
that guide the Code.
Our Code of Ethics includes policies and procedures for the review of quarterly securities transactions
reports as well as initial and annual securities holdings reports that must be submitted by the firm’s access
persons. Among other things, our Code of Ethics also requires the prior approval of any acquisition of
securities in a limited offering (e.g., private placement), an initial public offering and certain other
securities. Our Code also provides for oversight, enforcement and recordkeeping provisions.
Chandler's Code of Ethics further includes the firm's policy prohibiting the use of material non-public
information. While we do not believe that we have any access to non-public information, all employees are
periodically reminded that such information may not be used in a personal or professional capacity.
Our Code of Ethics is distributed to all supervised persons of Chandler whenever revisions are made or no
less frequently than annually, at which time all employees are required to provide a written
acknowledgement and attestation of their intent to abide by Chandler’s Code provisions. Additionally, firm-
wide annual training regarding Chandler’s Code of Ethics is provided by Compliance.
A copy of our Code of Ethics is available to our advisory clients and prospective clients. You may request
a copy by email sent to compliance@chandlerasset.com, or by calling us at 858-546-3737.
ITEM 11B: PRINCIPAL TRADING AND AGENCY CROSS TRADING
Chandler and individuals associated with our firm are prohibited from engaging in principal transactions.
Chandler and individuals associated with our firm are prohibited from engaging in agency cross
transactions.
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ITEM 11C: PERSONAL TRADING
Chandler and/or individuals associated with our firm can from time to time, buy or sell for their personal
accounts, securities identical to or different from those recommended to our clients. In addition, any related
person(s) could potentially have an interest or position in a security(ies) which may also be recommended
to a client.
Our Code of Ethics is designed to assure that the personal securities transactions, activities and interests of
our employees will not interfere with (i) making decisions in the best interest of advisory clients, and (ii)
implementing such decisions while, at the same time, allowing employees to invest for their own accounts.
It is also designed to help prevent employees from benefiting from transactions placed on behalf of advisory
clients.
For additional information on how we address the conflicts of interest that arise in connection with personal
trading, please see Item 11D below.
ITEM 11D: PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS
From time to time, Chandler will aggregate trades for our self or our employees with client transactions
where possible and when compliant with our duty to seek best execution for our clients. In these instances,
participating clients will receive an average share price and transaction costs will be shared equally and on
a pro-rata basis. In instances where there is a partial fill of a particular aggregated order, we will allocate
all purchases pro-rata, with each account paying the average price. Our employee accounts will be excluded
in such a pro-rata allocation.
Because the situations outlined above represent actual or potential conflicts of interest to our clients, we
have established the following policies and procedures for implementing our firm’s Code of Ethics, to
ensure our firm complies with its regulatory obligations and provides our clients and potential clients with
full and fair disclosure of such conflicts of interest:
1. No principal or employee of our firm may put his or her own interest above the interest of an
advisory client.
2. No principal or employee of our firm may buy or sell securities for their personal portfolio(s) where
their decision is a result of information received as a result of his or her employment unless the
information is also available to the investing public.
3. No principal or employee may benefit from transactions placed on behalf of advisory accounts.
4. Our firm requires prior approval for any IPO, private placement investments and certain other
securities by related persons of the firm.
5. We maintain a list of all reportable securities holdings for our firm, and anyone associated with this
advisory practice that has access to advisory recommendations ("access person"). These holdings
are reviewed on a regular basis by our firm's Chief Compliance Officer or designee.
6. We have established procedures for the maintenance of all required books and records.
7. Clients may decline to implement any advice rendered, except in situations where our firm is
granted discretionary authority.
8. All of our principals and employees must act in accordance with all applicable Federal and State
regulations governing registered investment advisory practices.
9. We require delivery and acknowledgement of the Code of Ethics by each supervised person (as
defined by the Code) of our firm.
10. We have established policies requiring the reporting of Code of Ethics violations to our senior
management.
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11. Any individual who violates any of the above restrictions may be subject to sanctions, which may
include termination of employment.
ITEM 12 – BROKERAGE PRACTICES
ITEM 12A: BROKER-DEALER SELECTION, COMPENSATION & TRADE
AGGREGATION
FIXED INCOME & MULTI ASSET CLASS PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT
Chandler requires discretionary clients to provide us with written authority to determine broker-dealer
selection and commission costs that will be charged to these clients for transactions placed in their
account(s).
Broker-dealers are selected by Chandler based on best execution, a combination of most favorable price
and the quality of execution. In selecting a broker to execute a transaction for a client, Chandler considers
a variety of other factors, including (but not limited to) the following:
• The broker-dealer's capital depth;
• The broker-dealer's market access;
• The nature of the security or instrument being traded;
• The size and type of transaction;
• The nature and character of the markets for the security or instrument to be purchased or sold;
• The desired timing of the transaction;
• The execution, clearance and settlement capabilities of the broker-dealer selected, and others
considered;
• The reputation and perceived soundness of the broker-dealer and others considered;
• Chandler's knowledge of any actual or apparent operational problems with the broker-dealer; and
• The reasonableness of the commission for specific transactions.
While Chandler generally seeks competitive commission rates and dealer spreads, it may not necessarily
pay the lowest commission. Transactions may involve specialized services on the part of the broker-dealer
and thereby justify higher commissions than would be the case with other transactions requiring more
routine services.
Regarding commission rates paid, Chandler’s fixed income transactions are generally executed by the
broker-dealer on a net basis, which means the execution costs (e.g., commissions) are included in the
purchase or sale price of the security. Equity and ETF transactions will be charged commissions.
ITEM 12A.1: SOFT DOLLAR ARRANGEMENTS AND OTHER BENEFITS
Chandler’s soft dollar policy prohibits us from entering into third party soft dollar arrangements.
ITEM 12A.2: RESEARCH FROM APPROVED BROKERS
When placing trades with brokers, there are times when Chandler places certain trades with a third party
approved broker that is providing brokerage services and proprietary research to us (“Approved Broker”).
Brokerage and research services provided by Approved Brokers can include, among other things, effecting
securities transactions, performing services incidental thereto (such as clearance, settlement and custody)
and providing proprietary research. The research can pertain to the economy, industries, sectors of
securities, individual companies, statistical information, political and/or developments, credit, and risk
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measurement and/or performance analysis. In selecting a broker for trade placement, Chandler can place
transactions with Approved Brokers that charge commissions, transaction costs or mark-ups that are more
than that which another broker might have charged for effecting the same transaction, in recognition of the
value of the brokerage services and research they are providing. In some cases, the research provided by
Approved Brokers is not utilized by Chandler and in other cases, it can be used in servicing any or all of
our clients. In other words, there can be certain client accounts that benefit from the research, which did not
make the payment of commissions, transaction costs or mark-ups to the Approved Broker providing the
services. Importantly, the receipt of brokerage services and proprietary research from any Approved Broker
executing transactions for our clients will not result in a reduction of our customary and normal research
activities. Also, the receipt of this type of research can be deemed to be the receipt of an economic benefit
by us, and although customary, creates a conflict of interest between Chandler and our clients. Therefore,
we believe it is necessary to provide these disclosures. In addition, we only place our clients’ trades where
we believe best execution will be obtained, taking into consideration all factors surrounding the transaction
and not just research received.
ITEM 12A.3: BROKERAGE FOR CLIENT REFERRALS
Chandler does not direct brokerage in exchange for client referrals.
ITEM 12A.4: DIRECTED BROKERAGE
Chandler’s policy and practice is not to accept advisory clients’ instructions for directing client’s brokerage
transactions; however, from time-to-time, Chandler accepts written direction from a client regarding the
use of a particular broker-dealer to execute some or all transactions for the client’s account(s). In these
circumstances, clients should understand that: (1) we do not negotiate specific brokerage commission rates
with the broker on client’s behalf, or may not seek better execution services or prices from other
broker/dealers and, as a result, the client may pay higher commissions and/or receive less favorable net
prices on transactions for their account than might otherwise be the case; (2) transactions for that account
generally will be effected independently unless we decide to purchase or sell the same security for several
clients at approximately the same time (block trade), in which case we may be able to include such client’s
transaction with that of other clients for execution if at the same broker; and (3) conflicts may arise between
the client’s interest in receiving best execution with respect to transactions effected for the account and
Chandler’s interest in receiving future client referrals from that broker. Therefore, prior to directing us to
use a specific broker-dealer, clients should consider whether, under that restriction, execution, clearance
and settlement capabilities, commission expenses and whatever amount is allocated to custodian fees, if
applicable, would be comparable to those otherwise obtainable. Clients should understand that they might
not obtain commissions rates as low as might otherwise be obtain if we had discretion to select other broker-
dealers.
ITEM 12B: AGGREGATING CLIENT TRADES
Order aggregation is the process of adding together or “blocking” orders to purchase and sell the same
security as one large order. Chandler will aggregate or “block” trades where possible and when
advantageous to clients. This blocking of trades permits the trading of aggregate blocks of securities
composed of assets from multiple client accounts and in some cases, employees, and other proprietary
accounts so long as transaction costs are shared equally and on a pro-rata (or other fair and reasonable)
basis between all accounts included in any such block.
Block trading may allow us to execute trades in a timelier, more equitable manner at a better overall price.
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Chandler will aggregate trades for itself or for its associated persons with client trades, provided that the
following conditions are met:
1. Chandler's policies for the aggregation of transactions shall be fully disclosed in this Form ADV
Part 2A, separately to Chandler's existing clients (if any) and to the broker-dealer(s) through which
such transactions will be placed;
2. We will not aggregate transactions unless aggregation is consistent with our duty to seek best
execution and the terms of Chandler’s investment advisory agreement with each client for which
trades are being aggregated;
3. No participating account will be favored over any other account; each account that participates in
an aggregated order will participate at the average price for all the aggregated order, with
transaction costs shared pro-rata, when applicable, on each account’s participation in the
transaction;
4. Chandler will enter aggregated orders into our Order Management System (“OMS”), specifying
the participating accounts and how we intend to allocate the order among those accounts;
5. If the aggregated order is filled in its entirety, it will be allocated among participating accounts in
accordance with the allocations entered into the OMS. If the order is partially filled, it will be
allocated pro-rata based on the allocations entered into the OMS;
6. If the security is purchased from multiple dealers at different prices and is to be allocated among
multiple accounts, it will be allocated using a weighted average method;
7. Allocations for an aggregated order should constitute no less than 0.50 of 1% (50 basis points) of
a selected portfolio. If a proposed allocation would amount to less than 0.50 of 1% (50 basis points)
of the selected portfolio, it may be allocated to a more appropriate account different from that
specified in the OMS as long as all client accounts receive fair and equitable treatment and the
reason for the different allocation is explained in a manner consistent with the procedures listed in
number 8 herein;
8. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the order may be allocated on a basis different from that specified
in the OMS if all client accounts receive fair and equitable treatment and the reason for the different
allocation is explained in writing and is approved in writing by appropriate supervisory personnel
no later than one hour after the opening of the markets on the trading day following the day the
order was executed;
9. Chandler will receive no additional compensation of any kind as a result of the proposed
aggregation;
10. Individual investment advice and treatment will be accorded to each advisory client;
11. Chandler’s books and records will separately reflect, for each client account, the orders of which
are aggregated, the securities held by and bought and sold for that account; and
12. Funds and securities for aggregated orders are clearly identified on Chandler's records and to the
broker-dealers or other intermediaries handling the transactions by the appropriate account numbers
for each participating client.
There are times when Chandler does not aggregate trades when we have an opportunity to do so. Portfolio
managers choose not to aggregate trades in the following situations:
• Non-discretionary clients: An advisory client electing not to grant investment discretionary
authority to Chandler is advised that trades done in his/her account may be executed after trades
effected in discretionary accounts due to the additional time involved in obtaining the required
client approval prior to executing any trade in such non-discretionary client accounts.
Consequently, we may not be able to aggregate these trades with other discretionary trades which
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may result in a difference in the price per share/bond of a given security and the commission rates
paid.
• Client direction: While rare, an advisory client may choose not to have their trades aggregated or
may have cash flow needs that prevent Chandler from aggregating a trade with other pending
orders. Consequently, we may not be able to aggregate these client trades with other client trades
which may result in a difference in the price per share/bond of a given security and the commission
rates paid.
• Portfolio Manager’s discretion: Portfolio managers may choose to trade certain strategies at the
same time while waiting to trade others. The timing of the trades and determination of which
strategy to trade is dependent on market conditions.
Additionally, not all portfolio managers will trade their client accounts at the same time and there may be
timing differences for trades executed by different portfolio managers. Accordingly, we may not be able to
aggregate all trades executed independently by our different portfolio managers, which may result in a
difference in the price per share/bond of a given security and the commission rates paid.
ITEM 13 – ACCOUNTS REVIEWS
ITEM 13A: PERIODIC ACCOUNT REVIEWS
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT
The underlying securities within these types of accounts are continually monitored and reviewed daily in
our Order Management and Portfolio Compliance System (“OMS”) in the context of each account's stated
investment objectives and guidelines. Additional reviews may be triggered by material changes in variables
such as the client's individual circumstances, liquidity requirements, credit analysis or the market, political
or economic environment. These accounts are reviewed by our Co-Chief Investment Officers, Portfolio
Managers and our Compliance Department.
CONSULTING SERVICES
While reviews may occur at different stages depending on the nature and terms of the specific engagement,
typically no formal reviews will be conducted for Consulting Services clients unless otherwise contracted
for. Such reviews will be conducted by the client's account representative.
ITEM 13B: OTHER REVIEWS
Chandler reviews accounts on a periodic basis as described above in Item 13A of this brochure.
ITEM 13C: REPORTING
FIXED INCOME, MULTI ASSET CLASS PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT POOLS
In addition to the monthly account statements that clients receive from their custodian and confirmations
of transactions that they receive from the executing broker-dealer, we provide written monthly reports
summarizing account performance, balances and holdings, transactions, income earned and cash flow
expected for the next 365 days.
CONSULTING SERVICES
These client accounts will receive written reports as contracted for at the inception of the advisory
engagement.
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ITEM 14 – CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
ITEM 14A: OTHER COMPENSATION
Chandler does not receive any economic benefits from any person or entity other than its clients in
connection with the provision of investment advice. Chandler receives compensation solely for the
investment advisory services it provides to clients, as described in this Form ADV. No other compensation,
including sales awards, bonuses, or other economic benefits, is received from third parties.
ITEM 14B: CLIENT REFERRALS
Chandler’s policy and practice is not to enter into arrangements to pay referral fees to independent persons
or firms ("Solicitors") for introducing clients to us. Compensation paid to certain related persons of
Chandler takes into consideration an overall assessment of predetermined objectives in addition to other
defined criteria. Notably, this firm practice does not impact the advisory fees paid to Chandler by any client.
ITEM 15 – CUSTODY
Chandler does not take custody or possession of the funds or securities that a client has placed under our
management. Each client shall appoint a Qualified Custodian (“custodian”) to take and have possession of
their assets. The fees expressed in the “Fees and Compensation” section (Item 5A) of this Brochure do not
include fees a client will incur for custodial services.
From time to time, Chandler recommends a custodian to clients who do not have an existing custodian
relationship established. Among others, Chandler generally recommends (in alphabetical order) Bank of
America, Bank of New York/Mellon, Charles Schwab & Co. or US Bank. Some of the above-mentioned
custodians offer special pricing for institutional or municipal clients of Chandler. Chandler does not receive
any compensation or referrals from the custodians we refer our clients to. The rates offered by the custodian
can be based on the size of the portfolio or type of account opened. Client retains full discretionary authority
over the selection of the custodian to be used.
Direct Debiting of Fees. Although Chandler does not take custody or possession of the funds or securities
that a client has placed under its management, Chandler is deemed by the SEC to have custody of those
accounts where fees are debited directly from the client’s custodian bank account. We previously disclosed
in the "Fees and Compensation" section (Item 5) of this Brochure that our firm directly debits advisory fees
from client accounts.
As part of this billing process, the client's custodian is advised of the amount of the fee to be deducted from
that client's account. On at least a quarterly basis, the custodian is required to send the client a statement
showing all transactions and holdings within the account during the reporting period, in addition to any
advisory fees paid.
Because the custodian does not calculate the amount of the fee to be deducted, it is important for clients to
carefully review their custodial statements to verify the accuracy of the calculation, among other things.
Clients should contact us directly if they believe that there may be an error in their statement.
In addition to the periodic statements that clients receive directly from their custodians, we also send
account statements directly to our clients monthly. While Chandler makes every effort to provide accurate
statements, we urge our clients to carefully compare the information provided on our statements to
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statements provided by their custodian in order to ensure that all account transactions, holdings and values
are correct and current.
ITEM 16 – INVESTMENT DISCRETION
Generally, clients hire us to provide discretionary asset management services; however, we do provide our
services on a non-discretionary basis, if requested by a client.
Our discretionary authority includes the ability to do the following without first obtaining approval from
the client:
• Determine the security to buy or sell;
• Determine the amount of the security to buy or sell; and
• Determine the price at which to buy or sell the security.
Clients give us discretionary authority when they sign a discretionary client agreement with our firm and
may limit this authority by giving us written instructions. Such limitations are typically outlined in a client’s
investment policy statement and may include restrictions on maturity or ratings, issuer or sector
concentration limitations, among others. Clients may also change/amend such limitations by once again
providing us with written instructions. Chandler reserves the right to decline acceptance of any client
account.
ITEM 17 – VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
ITEM 17A: PROXY VOTING
We vote proxies for the securities held in client accounts where the client has given us authorization to do
so. All clients retain the right to vote their own proxies should they choose to do so. Clients can exercise
this right by instructing us in writing to not vote proxies in their account and instructing their custodian to
send proxies directly to their attention.
We will vote proxies in the best interests of our clients and in accordance with our established policies and
procedures. Our firm will retain all proxy voting books and records for the requisite period of time,
including a copy of each proxy statement received, a record of each vote cast, a copy of any document
created by us that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies and a copy of each written client
request for information on how the adviser voted proxies. If our firm has a conflict of interest in voting a
particular action, we will notify the client of the conflict and retain an independent third party to cast a vote.
Clients may obtain a copy of our complete proxy voting policies and procedures by contacting our Chief
Compliance Officer, by telephone, email or in writing. Clients may request, in writing, information on how
proxies for their shares were voted. If any client requests a copy of our complete proxy policies and
procedures or how we voted proxies for their account(s), we will promptly provide such information to the
client.
We will neither advise nor act on behalf of the client in legal proceedings involving companies whose
securities are held in the client’s account(s), including, but not limited to, the filing of “Proofs of Claim” in
class action settlements. If desired, clients may direct us to transmit copies of class action notices to the
client or a third party. Upon such direction, we will make commercially reasonable efforts to forward such
notices in a timely manner.
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With respect to ERISA accounts, we will vote proxies unless the plan documents specifically reserve the
plan sponsor’s right to vote proxies. To direct us to vote a proxy in a particular manner, clients should
contact our Chief Compliance Officer in writing by email or by mail.
You can instruct us to vote proxies according to criteria (for example, to always vote with management, or
to vote for or against a proposal to allow a so-called "poison pill" defense against a possible takeover). You
can also instruct us on how to cast your vote in a particular proxy contest by contacting our Chief
Compliance Officer by mail at 9255 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 600, San Diego, CA 92121 or by email at
compliance@chandlerasset.com. These requests must be made in writing.
ITEM 17B: WHERE CLIENT RETAINS RIGHT TO VOTE PROXIES
For accounts where we do not vote proxies, Chandler may provide investment advisory services relative to
client investment assets. Clients maintain exclusive responsibility for:
1. Directing the manner in which proxies solicited by issuers of securities beneficially owned by the
client shall be voted; and
2. Making all elections relative to any mergers, acquisitions, tender offers, bankruptcy proceedings or
other type events pertaining to the client’s investment assets; and
3. Instructing each custodian of the assets to forward to the client copies of all proxies and shareholder
communications relating to the client’s investment assets.
We may provide clients with consulting assistance regarding proxy issues if they contact us with questions
at our principal place of business.
ITEM 18 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 18A: FINANCIAL STATEMENT REQUIREMENT
Under no circumstances do we require or solicit payment of fees in excess of $1200 per client more than
six months in advance of services rendered. Therefore, we are not required to include a financial statement.
ITEM 18B: FINANCIAL CONDITION
Chandler has no financial conditions to disclose that would impair its ability to meet contractual and
fiduciary obligations to clients.
ITEM 18C: BANKRUPTCY DISCLOSURE
Chandler has never been the subject of a bankruptcy petition.
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