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Item 1: Cover Page
Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure
April 2026
Ciro Capital LLC
185 Hudson St., Suite 2500
Jersey City, New Jersey 07311
www.cirocapital.com
Firm Contact:
Kiran Devarapalli
Chief Compliance Officer
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Ciro Capital
LLC. If clients have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at (646) 785-
6201. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission or by any State Securities Authority. Additional information
about our firm is also available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov by searching CRD
#329576.
Please note that the use of the term “registered investment adviser” and description of our firm and/or
our associates as “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training. Clients are encouraged
to review this Brochure and Brochure Supplements for our firm’s associates who advise clients for
more information on the qualifications of our firm and our employees.
Item 2: Material Changes
Ciro Capital LLC is required to notify clients of any information that has changed since the last annual
update of the Firm Brochure (“Brochure”) that may be important to them. Clients can request a full
copy of our Brochure or contact us with any questions that they may have about the changes. The
changes reported below are since the annual update made on February 18, 2026.
• February 25, 2026 – Item 1 was amended for a new office address.
• April 1, 2026 – Item 19 was amended to add an executive officer.
• April 17, 2026 – Ciro Capital is transitioning to registration with the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”) due to the amount of assets under management and has made several
modifications to the disclosures in this brochure to comply with the SEC requirements.
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ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure
Ciro Capital LLC
Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 1: Cover Page ....................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2: Material Changes ............................................................................................................................. 2
Item 3: Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. 3
Item 4: Advisory Business ............................................................................................................................ 4
Item 5: Fees & Compensation ....................................................................................................................... 6
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management ................................................................ 8
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements ...................................................................................... 8
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss ......................................................... 9
Item 9: Disciplinary Information ................................................................................................................ 17
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations ..................................................................... 17
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in ............................................................................... 18
Item 12: Brokerage Practices .................................................................................................................... 19
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans ...................................................................................... 22
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation ...................................................................................... 23
Item 15: Custody ........................................................................................................................................ 24
Item 16: Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................ 25
Item 17: Voting Client Securities ............................................................................................................... 25
Item 18: Financial Information .................................................................................................................. 25
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ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure
Ciro Capital LLC
Item 4: Advisory Business
Our firm is dedicated to providing individuals and other types of clients with a wide array of
investment advisory services. Our firm is a limited liability company formed under the laws of the
State of New Jersey in 2022 and has been in business as an investment adviser since 2024. Our firm
is wholly owned by Kiran Devarapalli (100%).
The purpose of this Brochure is to disclose the conflicts of interest associated with the investment
transactions, compensation and any other matters related to investment decisions made by our firm
or its representatives. As a fiduciary, it is our duty to always act in the client’s best interest. This is
accomplished in part by knowing our client. Our firm has established a service-oriented advisory
practice with open lines of communication for many different types of clients to help meet their
financial goals while remaining sensitive to risk tolerance and time horizons. Working with clients to
understand their investment objectives while educating them about our process, facilitates the kind
of working relationship we value.
Types of Advisory Services Offered
Comprehensive Portfolio Management:
As part of our Comprehensive Portfolio Management service, clients will be provided asset
management and financial planning or consulting services. This service is designed to assist clients
in meeting their financial goals through the use of a financial plan or consultation. Our firm conducts client
meetings to understand their current financial situation, existing resources, financial goals, and tolerance
for risk. Based on what is learned, an investment approach is presented to the client, consisting of
individual stocks, bonds, ETFs, options, mutual funds and other public and private securities or
investments. Once the appropriate portfolio has been determined, portfolios are continuously and
regularly monitored, and if necessary, rebalanced based upon the client’s individual needs, stated goals and
objectives. Upon client request, our firm provides a summary of observations and recommendations
for the planning or consulting aspects of this service.
Our firm utilizes the sub-advisory services of a third party investment advisory firm or individual
advisor to aid in the implementation of an investment portfolio designed by our firm. Before selecting
a firm or individual, our firm will ensure that the chosen party is properly licensed or registered. Our
firm will not offer advice on any specific securities or other investments in connection with this service.
We will provide initial due diligence on third party money managers and ongoing reviews of their
management of client accounts. In order to assist in the selection of a third party money manager, our
firm will gather client information pertaining to financial situation, investment objectives, and
reasonable restrictions to be imposed upon the management of the account.
Our firm will periodically review third party money manager reports provided to the client at least
annually. Our firm will contact clients from time to time in order to review their financial situation
and objectives; communicate information to third party money managers as warranted; and, assist
the client in understanding and evaluating the services provided by the third party money manager.
Clients will be expected to notify our firm of any changes in their financial situation, investment
objectives, or account restrictions that could affect their financial standing.
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ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure
Ciro Capital LLC
Financial Planning & Consulting:
Our firm provides a variety of standalone financial planning and consulting services to clients for the
management of financial resources based upon an analysis of current situation, goals, and objectives.
Financial planning services will typically involve preparing a financial plan or rendering a financial
consultation for clients based on the client’s financial goals and objectives. This planning or
consulting may encompass Investment Planning, Retirement Planning, Estate Planning, Charitable
Planning, Education Planning, Corporate and Personal Tax Planning, Cost Segregation Study,
Corporate Structure, Real Estate Analysis, Mortgage/Debt Analysis, Insurance Analysis, Lines of
Credit Evaluation, or Business and Personal Financial Planning.
Written financial plans or financial consultations rendered to clients usually include general
recommendations for a course of activity or specific actions to be taken by the clients.
Implementation of the recommendations will be at the discretion of the client. Our firm provides
clients with a summary of their financial situation, and observations for financial planning
engagements. Financial consultations are not typically accompanied by a written summary of
observations and recommendations, as the process is less formal than the planning service. Assuming that
all the information and documents requested from the client are provided promptly, plans or
consultations are typically completed within 6 months of the client signing a contract with our firm.
Pursuant to California Rule 260.235.2, a conflict exists between the interests of the investment advisor or
associated persons and the interest of the client; the client is under no obligation to act upon the investment
advisor’s or associated person’s recommendation; if the client elects to act on any of the recommendations,
the client is under no obligation to effect the transaction through the investment advisor, the associated
person when the person is an agent with a licensed broker-dealer or through any associate or affiliate of
such person.
Retirement Plan Consulting:
Our firm provides retirement plan consulting services to employer plan sponsors on an ongoing basis.
Generally, such consulting services consist of assisting employer plan sponsors in establishing,
monitoring and reviewing their company's participant-directed retirement plan. As the needs of the
plan sponsor dictate, areas of advising may include:
•
• Establishing an Investment Policy Statement – Our firm will assist in the development of a
statement that summarizes the investment goals and objectives along with the broad
strategies to be employed to meet the objectives.
Investment Options – Our firm will work with the Plan Sponsor to evaluate existing
investment options and make recommendations for appropriate changes.
•
• Asset Allocation and Portfolio Construction – Our firm will develop strategic asset allocation
models to aid Participants in developing strategies to meet their investment objectives, time
horizon, financial situation and tolerance for risk.
Investment Monitoring – Our firm will monitor the performance of the investments and
notify the client in the event of over/underperformance and in times of market volatility.
• Participant Education – Our firm will provide opportunities to educate plan participants
about their retirement plan offerings, different investment options, and general guidance on
allocation strategies.
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In providing services for retirement plan consulting, our firm does not provide any advisory services
with respect to the following types of assets: employer securities, real estate (excluding real estate
funds and publicly traded REITS), participant loans, non-publicly traded securities or assets, other
illiquid investments, or brokerage window programs (collectively, “Excluded Assets”). All retirement
plan consulting services shall be in compliance with the applicable laws regulating retirement
ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure
Ciro Capital LLC
consulting services. This applies to client accounts that are retirement or other employee benefit plans
(“Plan”) governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”).
If the client accounts are part of a Plan, and our firm accepts appointment to provide services to such
accounts, our firm acknowledges its fiduciary standard within the meaning of Section 3(21) or 3(38) of
ERISA as designated by the Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement with respect to the provision of
services described therein.
Tailoring of Advisory Services
Our firm offers individualized investment advice to our Comprehensive Portfolio Management clients.
General investment advice will be offered to our Financial Planning & Consulting, Retirement Plan
Consulting, and Referrals to Third Party Money Management clients.
Each Comprehensive Portfolio Management client has the opportunity to place reasonable restrictions
on the types of investments to be held in the portfolio. Restrictions on investments in certain securities
or types of securities may not be possible due to the level of difficulty this would entail in managing
the account.
Participation in Wrap Fee Programs
Our firm does not offer or sponsor a wrap fee program.
Regulatory Assets Under Management
Our firm manages $117,400,000 on a discretionary basis and $0 on a non-discretionary basis
as of December 31, 2025.
Item 5: Fees & Compensation
Compensation for Our Advisory Services
Comprehensive Portfolio Management:
Pursuant to an investment advisory contract signed by each client, the client will pay our firm an annual
management fee billed quarterly in advance based on the value of the account(s) on the last day of
the previous quarter. New account fees will be prorated from the inception of the account to the end of
the first quarter. The management fee will range up to 2.00% per annum depending on the type and
complexity of the investment management strategy employed as well as the size of the account or overall
client relationship. Fees are negotiable and will be deducted from client account(s). The negotiated
annual fee will be applied to the total value of the account. Asset management fees will be directly
deducted from the client account on a quarterly basis by the qualified custodian. The client will give
written authorization permitting the Advisor to be paid directly from their account held by the custodian.
The custodian will send a statement at least quarterly to the client and the Advisor will also send an invoice
to the client outlining the fee calculation and time period covered, and the amount withdrawn from the
client account each time the fee deduction invoice is sent to the qualified custodian. Where it is not
practical to deduct fees directly from client accounts, client will be sent an invoice at the beginning of each
quarter. The invoice is payable upon receipt. In rare cases, our firm will agree to directly invoice.
The third party money managers we recommend will not directly charge you a higher fee than they
would have charged without us introducing you to them. Third party money managers establish
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Ciro Capital LLC
and maintain their own separate billing processes over which we have no control. In general, they
will directly bill you and describe how this works in their separate written disclosure documents.
The maximum annual fees charged to clients including our fee and that of the third party money
managers will not exceed 2.00% per annum. Our comprehensive portfolio management services
always include the use of third party money managers. Assuming an account with $1 million in
assets, and a negotiated annual fee of 1.50%, our quarterly fee is calculated as follows: $1 million
X (1.50%/4) = $1 million X 0.375% = $3,750.
Financial Planning & Consulting:
Our firm charges on an hourly basis for financial planning and consulting services. The total
estimated fee, as well as the ultimate fee charged, is based on the scope and complexity of our
engagement with the client. Financial planning clients will be provided with the estimated hours
on which the fee is based. The maximum hourly fee to be charged will not exceed $500. The fee-
paying arrangements will be determined on a case-by-case basis and will be detailed in the signed
consulting agreement. Our firm’s financial planning services generally require a minimum of two
hours and a maximum of seven hours. Our firm does not require the prepayment of fees of more
than $500 per client and for six months or more in advance.
Representatives of Ciro Capital may be insurance agents for which they receive normal and
customary commissions. Financial planning clients are under no obligation to act on the
recommendations of Ciro Capital or its investment advisor representatives. If clients wish to act
on insurance recommendations, the client is free to implement the recommendations through
insurance companies of their choice.
Retirement Plan Consulting:
Our Retirement Plan Consulting services are billed on a fee based on the percentage of Plan assets
under management. The total estimated fee, as well as the ultimate fee charged, is based on the
scope and complexity of our engagement with the client. Retirement plan consulting fees based
on a percentage of managed Plan assets will not exceed 1.00%. This fee is in addition to the annual
management fee. The fee-paying arrangements will be determined on a case-by-case basis and
will be detailed in the signed consulting agreement. Clients that engage our firm for
comprehensive portfolio management, including third party money managers, and retirement plan
consulting, will never pay more the 2.00% per annum in management and retirement plan
consulting fees, including the fees of the third party money manager.
______________
Pursuant to the California Code of Regulations Subsection (j) of Rule 260.238, Advisor discloses that the
Client may receive lower fees from other sources for comparable services.
Other Types of Fees & Expenses
Clients will incur transaction fees for trades executed by their chosen custodian, either based on a
percentage of the dollar amount of assets in the account(s) or via individual transaction charges. These
transaction fees are separate from our firm’s advisory fees and will be disclosed by the chosen
custodian. Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) does not charge transaction fees for U.S. listed
equities and exchange traded funds.
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Clients may also pay holdings charges imposed by the chosen custodian for certain investments,
charges imposed directly by a mutual fund, index fund, or exchange traded fund, which shall be
disclosed in the fund’s prospectus (e.g., fund management fees and other fund expenses), distribution fees,
surrender charges, variable annuity fees, IRA and qualified retirement plan fees, mark-ups and mark-
downs, spreads paid to market makers, fees for trades executed away from custodian, wire transfer
ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure
Ciro Capital LLC
fees and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities transactions. Our firm does not
receive a portion of these fees.
Termination & Refunds
Either party may terminate the advisory agreement signed with our firm for Comprehensive
Portfolio Management service in writing at any time. Upon notice of termination our firm will process
a pro-rata refund of the unearned portion of the advisory fees charged in advance.
Financial Planning & Consulting clients may terminate their agreement at any time before the delivery
of a financial plan by providing written notice. For purposes of calculating refunds, all work performed
by us up to the point of termination shall be calculated at the hourly fee currently in effect.
Clients will receive a pro-rata refund of unearned fees based on the time and effort expended by our firm.
Either party to a Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement may terminate at any time by providing written
notice to the other party. Full refunds will only be made in cases where cancellation occurs within 5
business days of signing an agreement. After 5 business days from initial signing, either party must
provide the other party 30 days written notice to terminate billing. Billing will terminate 30 days after
receipt of termination notice. Clients will be charged on a pro-rata basis, which takes into account work
completed by our firm on behalf of the client. Clients will incur charges for bona fide advisory services
rendered up to the point of termination (determined as 30 days from receipt of said written notice)
and such fees will be due and payable.
Commissionable Securities Sales
Where acting in the capacity of a registered representative or insurance agent, investment advisor
representatives (IARs) of our firm may as broker or agent effect securities or insurance transactions for
typical and customary compensation. This practice presents a conflict of interest by creating an incentive
to recommend investment products based on the compensation received, rather than on a client’s needs.
Clients of our firm are not required to utilize the IARs in their capacity as registered representatives of the
broker-dealer or in their capacity as insurance agents for the purchase of investment products. Our firm has
established a Code of Ethics to address conflicts of interest. See the response to Item 11 below for more
information on the Code of Ethics. A client may be able to invest in products recommended by the firm
directly, without the services of our firm. In that case, the client would not receive the services provided
by our firm which are designed, among other things, to assist the client in determining which products or
services are most appropriate to each client’s financial condition and objectives. Clients should be aware
that commissions from the sale of investment products does not represent 50% or more of the revenues
received by our firm. Our firm does not charge advisory fees on client assets invested through the broker-
dealer or on insurance products.
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management
Our firm does not charge performance-based fees.
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements
Our firm has the following types of clients:
•
Individuals and High Net Worth Individuals;
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ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure
Ciro Capital LLC
• Trusts, Estates or Charitable Organizations;
• 401(k), Pension, Profit Sharing and Cash Balance Plans;
• Small Business Owners and Professional Practices; and
• Corporations, Limited Liability Companies and/or Other Business Types.
Our firm does not impose requirements for opening and maintaining accounts or otherwise engaging
us.
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis
We use the following methods of analysis in formulating our investment advice and/or managing client
assets:
Duration Constraints: Our firm adheres to the discipline of generally maintaining duration within a
narrow band around benchmark duration in order to limit exposure market risk. Our portfolio
management team rebalances client portfolios to their current duration targets on a periodic basis.
Fundamental Analysis: The analysis of a business's financial statements (usually to analyze the
business's assets, liabilities, and earnings), health, and its competitors and markets. When analyzing
a stock, futures contract, or currency using fundamental analysis there are two basic approaches one
can use: bottom up analysis and top down analysis. The terms are used to distinguish such analysis
from other types of investment analysis, such as quantitative and technical. Fundamental analysis is
performed on historical and present data, but with the goal of making financial forecasts. There are
several possible objectives: (a) to conduct a company stock valuation and predict its probable price
evolution; (b) to make a projection on its business performance; (c) to evaluate its management and
make internal business decisions; (d) and/or to calculate its credit risk.; and (e) to find out the
intrinsic value of the share.
When the objective of the analysis is to determine what stock to buy and at what price, there are two basic
methodologies investors rely upon: (a) Fundamental analysis maintains that markets may misprice
a security in the short run but that the "correct" price will eventually be reached. Profits can be made
by purchasing the mispriced security and then waiting for the market to recognize its "mistake"
and reprice the security.; and (b) Technical analysis maintains that all information is reflected
already in the price of a security. Technical analysts analyze trends and believe that sentiment
changes predate and predict trend changes. Investors' emotional responses to price movements
lead to recognizable price chart patterns. Technical analysts also analyze historical trends to
predict future price movement. Investors can use one or both of these different but complementary
methods for stock picking. This presents a potential risk, as the price of a security can move up or
down along with the overall market regardless of the economic and financial factors considered in
evaluating the stock.
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Mutual Fund and/or Exchange Traded Fund (“ETF”) Analysis: Analysis of the experience and
track record of the manager of the mutual fund or ETF in an attempt to determine if that manager
has demonstrated an ability to invest over a period of time and in different economic conditions. The
underlying assets in a mutual fund or ETF are also reviewed in an attempt to determine if there is
significant overlap in the underlying investments held in another fund(s) in the Client’s portfolio. The funds
or ETFs are monitored in an attempt to determine if they are continuing to follow their stated
investment strategy. A risk of mutual fund and/or ETF analysis is that, as in all securities investments, past
performance does not guarantee future results. A manager who has been successful may not be able
ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure
Ciro Capital LLC
to replicate that success in the future. In addition, as our firm does not control the underlying
investments in a fund or ETF, managers of different funds held by the Client may purchase the same
security, increasing the risk to the Client if that security were to fall in value. There is also a risk that
a manager may deviate from the stated investment mandate or strategy of the fund or ETF, which
could make the holding(s) less suitable for the Client’s portfolio.
Third-Party Money Manager Analysis: The analysis of the experience, investment philosophies,
and past performance of independent third-party investment managers in an attempt to determine
if that manager has demonstrated an ability to invest over a period of time and in different economic
conditions. Analysis is completed by monitoring the manager’s underlying holdings, strategies,
concentrations and leverage as part of our overall periodic risk assessment. Additionally, as part of
the due-diligence process, the manager’s compliance and business enterprise risks are surveyed and
reviewed. A risk of investing with a third-party manager who has been successful in the past is that
they may not be able to replicate that success in the future. In addition, as our firm does not control
the underlying investments in a third-party manager’s portfolio, there is also a risk that a manager
may deviate from the stated investment mandate or strategy of the portfolio, making it a less suitable
investment for our clients. Moreover, as our firm does not control the manager’s daily business and
compliance operations, our firm may be unaware of the lack of internal controls necessary to prevent
business, regulatory or reputational deficiencies
Quantitative Analysis: The use of models, or algorithms, to evaluate assets for investment. The
process usually consists of searching vast databases for patterns, such as correlations among liquid
assets or price-movement patterns (trend following or mean reversion). The resulting strategies may
involve high-frequency trading. The results of the analysis are taken into consideration in the
decision to buy or sell securities and in the management of portfolio characteristics. A risk in using
quantitative analysis is that the methods or models used may be based on assumptions that prove to
be incorrect.
Qualitative Analysis: A securities analysis that uses subjective judgment based on unquantifiable
information, such as management expertise, industry cycles, strength of research and development,
and labor relations. Qualitative analysis contrasts with quantitative analysis, which focuses on
numbers that can be found on reports such as balance sheets. The two techniques, however, will often
be used together in order to examine a company's operations and evaluate its potential as an
investment opportunity. Qualitative analysis deals with intangible, inexact concerns that belong to
the social and experiential realm rather than the mathematical one. This approach depends on the
kind of intelligence that machines (currently) lack, since things like positive associations with a
brand, management trustworthiness, customer satisfaction, competitive advantage and cultural
shifts are difficult, arguably impossible, to capture with numerical inputs. A risk in using qualitative
analysis is that subjective judgment may prove incorrect.
Sector Analysis: Sector analysis involves identification and analysis of various industries or
economic sectors that are likely to exhibit superior performance. Academic studies indicate that the health
of a stock's sector is as important as the performance of the individual stock itself. In other words,
even the best stock located in a weak sector will often perform poorly because that sector is out of
favor. Each industry has differences in terms of its customer base, market share among firms, industry
growth, competition, regulation and business cycles. Learning how the industry operates provides
a deeper understanding of a company's financial health. One method of analyzing a company's
growth potential is examining whether the amount of customers in the overall market is expected to
grow. In some markets, there is zero or negative growth, a factor demanding careful consideration.
Additionally, market analysts recommend that investors should monitor sectors that are nearing the
bottom of performance rankings for possible signs of an impending turnaround.
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Ciro Capital LLC
Investment Strategies We Use
We use the following strategies in managing client accounts, provided that such strategies are
appropriate to the needs of the client and consistent with the client's investment objectives, risk
tolerance, and time horizons, among other considerations:
Alternative Investments: Hedge funds, commodity pools, Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”),
Business Development Companies (“BDCs”), and other alternative investments involve a high degree
of risk and can be illiquid due to restrictions on transfer and lack of a secondary trading market. They can
be highly leveraged, speculative and volatile, and an investor could lose all or a substantial amount
of an investment. Alternative investments may lack transparency as to share price, valuation and
portfolio holdings. Complex tax structures often result in delayed tax reporting. Compared to
mutual funds, hedge funds and commodity pools are subject to less regulation and often charge
higher fees and may require “capital calls” which would require additional investment. Alternative
investment managers typically exercise broad investment discretion and may apply similar strategies
across multiple investment vehicles, resulting in less diversification.
Asset Allocation: The implementation of an investment strategy that attempts to balance risk versus
reward by adjusting the percentage of each asset in an investment portfolio according to the
investor's risk tolerance, goals and investment time frame. Asset allocation is based on the principle
that different assets perform differently in different market and economic conditions. A fundamental
justification for asset allocation is the notion that different asset classes offer returns that are not
perfectly correlated, hence diversification reduces the overall risk in terms of the variability of
returns for a given level of expected return. Although risk is reduced as long as correlations are not
perfect, it is typically forecast (wholly or in part) based on statistical relationships (like correlation
and variance) that existed over some past period. Expectations for return are often derived in the
same way.
An asset class is a group of economic resources sharing similar characteristics, such as riskiness and return.
There are many types of assets that may or may not be included in an asset allocation strategy. The
"traditional" asset classes are stocks (value, dividend, growth, or sector-specific [or a "blend" of any
two or more of the preceding]; large-cap versus mid-cap, small-cap or micro-cap; domestic,
foreign [developed], emerging or frontier markets), bonds (fixed income securities more generally:
investment-grade or junk [high-yield]; government or corporate; short-term, intermediate, long-
term; domestic, foreign, emerging markets), and cash or cash equivalents. Allocation among these
three provides a starting point. Usually included are hybrid instruments such as convertible bonds
and preferred stocks, counting as a mixture of bonds and stocks. Other alternative assets that may be
considered include: commodities: precious metals, nonferrous metals, agriculture, energy, others.;
Commercial or residential real estate (also REITs); Collectibles such as art, coins, or stamps;
insurance products (annuity, life settlements, catastrophe bonds, personal life insurance products,
etc.); derivatives such as long-short or market neutral strategies, options, collateralized debt, and
futures; foreign currency; venture capital; private equity; and/or distressed securities.
There are several types of asset allocation strategies based on investment goals, risk tolerance, time
frames and diversification. The most common forms of asset allocation are: strategic, dynamic,
tactical, and core-satellite.
• Strategic Asset Allocation: The primary goal of a strategic asset allocation is to create an asset mix
that seeks to provide the optimal balance between expected risk and return for a long- term
investment horizon. Generally speaking, strategic asset allocation strategies are agnostic to
economic environments, i.e., they do not change their allocation postures relative to changing
market or economic conditions.
• Dynamic Asset Allocation: Dynamic asset allocation is similar to strategic asset allocation in
that portfolios are built by allocating to an asset mix that seeks to provide the optimal balance
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Ciro Capital LLC
between expected risk and return for a long-term investment horizon. Like strategic
allocation strategies, dynamic strategies largely retain exposure to their original asset
classes; however, unlike strategic strategies, dynamic asset allocation portfolios will adjust
their postures over time relative to changes in the economic environment.
• Tactical Asset Allocation: Tactical asset allocation is a strategy in which an investor takes a
more active approach that tries to position a portfolio into those assets, sectors, or individual stocks
that show the most potential for perceived gains. While an original asset mix is formulated
much like strategic and dynamic portfolio, tactical strategies are often traded more actively
and are free to move entirely in and out of their core asset classes
• Core-Satellite Asset Allocation: Core-Satellite allocation strategies generally contain a 'core'
strategic element making up the most significant portion of the portfolio, while applying
adynamic or tactical 'satellite' strategy that makes up a smaller part of the portfolio. In this
way, core-satellite allocation strategies are a hybrid of the strategic and dynamic/tactical
allocation strategies mentioned above.
Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”): An ETF is a type of Investment Company (usually, an open-end
fund or unit investment trust) whose primary objective is to achieve the same return as a particular
market index. The vast majority of ETFs are designed to track an index, so their performance is close
to that of an index mutual fund, but they are not exact duplicates. A tracking error, or the difference
between the returns of a fund and the returns of the index, can arise due to differences in composition,
management fees, expenses, and handling of dividends. ETFs benefit from continuous pricing; they
can be bought and sold on a stock exchange throughout the trading day. Because ETFs trade like
stocks, you can place orders just like with individual stocks - such as limit orders, good- until-canceled
orders, stop loss orders etc. They can also be sold short. Traditional mutual funds are bought and
redeemed based on their net asset values (“NAV”) at the end of the day. ETFs are bought and sold at
the market prices on the exchanges, which resemble the underlying NAV but are independent of it.
However, arbitrageurs will ensure that ETF prices are kept very close to the NAV of the underlying
securities. Although an investor can buy as few as one share of an ETF, most buy in board lots.
Anything bought in less than a board lot will increase the cost to the investor. Anyone can buy any
ETF no matter where in the world it trades. This provides a benefit over mutual funds, which generally
can only be bought in the country in which they are registered.
One of the main features of ETFs are their low annual fees, especially when compared to traditional
mutual funds. The passive nature of index investing, reduced marketing, and distribution and
accounting expenses all contribute to the lower fees. However, individual investors must pay a
brokerage commission to purchase and sell ETF shares; for those investors who trade frequently, this
can significantly increase the cost of investing in ETFs. That said, with the advent of low-cost
brokerage fees, small or frequent purchases of ETFs are becoming more cost efficient.
Fixed Income: Fixed income is a type of investing or budgeting style for which real return rates or
periodic income is received at regular intervals and at reasonably predictable levels. Fixed-income
investors are typically retired individuals who rely on their investments to provide a regular, stable
income stream. This demographic tends to invest heavily in fixed-income investments because of the
reliable returns they offer. Fixed-income investors who live on set amounts of periodically paid
income face the risk of inflation eroding their spending power.
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Some examples of fixed-income investments include treasuries, money market instruments,
corporate bonds, asset-backed securities, municipal bonds and international bonds. The primary risk
associated with fixed-income investments is the borrower defaulting on his payment. Other
considerations include exchange rate risk for international bonds and interest rate risk for longer-
dated securities. The most common type of fixed-income security is a bond. Bonds are issued by
federal governments, local municipalities and major corporations. Fixed-income securities are
recommended for investors seeking a diverse portfolio; however, the percentage of the portfolio
dedicated to fixed income depends on your own personal investment style. There is also an
ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure
Ciro Capital LLC
opportunity to diversify the fixed-income component of a portfolio. Riskier fixed-income products,
such as junk bonds and longer-dated products, should comprise a lower percentage of your overall
portfolio.
The interest payment on fixed-income securities is considered regular income and is determined
based on the creditworthiness of the borrower and current market rates. In general, bonds and fixed- income
securities with longer-dated maturities pay a higher rate, also referred to as the coupon rate, because
they are considered riskier. The longer the security is on the market, the more time it has to lose its
value and/or default. At the end of the bond term, or at bond maturity, the borrower returns the
amount borrowed, also referred to as the principal or par value.
Margin Transactions: Our firm may purchase securities for your portfolio with money borrowed
from your brokerage account. This allows you to purchase more stock than you would be able to with your
available cash and allows us to purchase securities without selling other holdings. Margin
accounts and transactions are risky and not necessarily appropriate for every client.
The potential risks associated with these transactions are (1) You can lose more funds than are
deposited into the margin account; (2) the forced sale of securities or other assets in your account;
(3) the sale of securities or other assets without contacting you; (4) you may not be entitled to choose
which securities or other assets in your account(s) are liquidated or sold to meet a margin call; and
(5) custodians charge interest on margin balances which will reduce your returns over time.
Mutual Funds: A mutual fund is a company that pools money from many investors and invests that money
in a variety of differing security types based on the objectives of the fund. The portfolio of the fund consists
of the combined holdings it owns. Each share represents an investor’s proportionate ownership of
the fund’s holdings and the income those holdings generate. The price that investors pay for mutual
fund shares are the fund’s per share net asset value (“NAV”) plus any shareholder fees that the fund
imposes at the time of purchase (such as sales loads). Investors typically cannot ascertain the exact
make-up of a fund’s portfolio at any given time, nor can they directly influence which securities the
fund manager buys and sells or the timing of those trades. With an individual stock, investors can
obtain real-time (or close to real-time) pricing information with relative ease by checking financial
websites or by calling a broker or your investment adviser. Investors can also monitor how a stock’s
price changes from hour to hour—or even second to second. By contrast, with a mutual fund, the price
at which an investor purchases or redeems shares will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which is
calculated daily after market close.
The benefits of investing through mutual funds include: (a) Mutual funds are professionally managed
by an investment adviser who researches, selects, and monitors the performance of the securities
purchased by the fund; (b) Mutual funds typically have the benefit of diversification, which is an
investing strategy that generally sums up as “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” Spreading
investments across a wide range of companies and industry sectors can help lower the risk if a company
or sector fails. Some investors find it easier to achieve diversification through ownership of mutual
funds rather than through ownership of individual stocks or bonds.; (c) Some mutual funds
accommodate investors who do not have a lot of money to invest by setting relatively low dollar
amounts for initial purchases, subsequent monthly purchases, or both.; and (d) At any time, mutual
fund investors can readily redeem their shares at the current NAV, less any fees and charges assessed
on redemption.
Mutual funds also have features that some investors might view as disadvantages: (a) Investors must
pay sales charges, annual fees, and other expenses regardless of how the fund performs. Depending
on the timing of their investment, investors may also have to pay taxes on any capital gains
distributions they receive. This includes instances where the fund performed poorly after purchasing
shares.; (b) Investors typically cannot ascertain the exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio at any given
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time, nor can they directly influence which securities the fund manager buys and sells or the timing
of those trades.; and (c) With an individual stock, investors can obtain real-time (or close to real-
time) pricing information with relative ease by checking financial websites or by calling a broker or
your investment adviser. Investors can also monitor how a stock’s price changes from hour to hour or
even second to second. By contrast, with a mutual fund, the price at which an investor purchases or
redeems shares will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which the fund might not calculate until
many hours after the investor placed the order. In general, mutual funds must calculate their NAV at
least once every business day, typically after the major U.S. exchanges close.
When investors buy and hold an individual stock or bond, the investor must pay income tax each year
on the dividends or interest the investor receives. However, the investor will not have to pay any
capital gains tax until the investor actually sells and makes a profit. Mutual funds, however, are
different. When an investor buys and holds mutual fund shares, the investor will owe income tax on
any ordinary dividends in the year the investor receives or reinvests them. Moreover, in addition to
owing taxes on any personal capital gains when the investor sells shares, the investor may have to
pay taxes each year on the fund’s capital gains. That is because the law requires mutual funds to
distribute capital gains to shareholders if they sell securities for a profit, and cannot use losses to
offset these gains.
Options: An option is a financial derivative that represents a contract sold by one party (the option
writer) to another party (the option holder, or option buyer). The contract offers the buyer the right,
but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security or other financial asset at an agreed-upon price (the
strike price) during a certain period of time or on a specific date (exercise date). Options are
extremely versatile securities. Traders use options to speculate, which is a relatively risky practice,
while hedgers use options to reduce the risk of holding an asset. In terms of speculation, option
buyers and writers have conflicting views regarding the outlook on the performance of a:
• Call Option: Call options give the option to buy at certain price, so the buyer would want the stock
to go up. Conversely, the option writer needs to provide the underlying shares in the event
that the stock's market price exceeds the strike due to the contractual obligation. An option
writer who sells a call option believes that the underlying stock's price will drop relative
to the option's strike price during the life of the option, as that is how he will reap maximum
profit. This is exactly the opposite outlook of the option buyer. The buyer believes that the
underlying stock will rise; if this happens, the buyer will be able to acquire the stock for a
lower price and then sell it for a profit. However, if the underlying stock does not close above
the strike price on the expiration date, the option buyer would lose the premium paid for the
call option.
• Put Option: Put options give the option to sell at a certain price, so the buyer would want the stock
to go down. The opposite is true for put option writers. For example, a put option buyer is
bearish on the underlying stock and believes its market price will fall below the specified
strike price on or before a specified date. On the other hand, an option writer who sells a put
option believes the underlying stock's price will increase about a specified price on or before
the expiration date. If the underlying stock's price closes above the specified strike price on
the expiration date, the put option writer's maximum profit is achieved. Conversely, a put
option holder would only benefit from a fall in the underlying stock's price below the strike
price. If the underlying stock's price falls below the strike price, the put option writer is
obligated to purchase shares of the underlying stock at the strike price.
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The potential risks associated with these transactions are that (1) all options expire. The closer the
option gets to expiration, the quicker the premium in the option deteriorates; and (2) Prices can move very
quickly. Depending on factors such as time until expiration and the relationship of the stock price
to the option’s strike price, small movements in a stock can translate into big movements in the underlying
options.
ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure
Ciro Capital LLC
Short Sales: A short sale is a transaction in which an investor sells borrowed securities in
anticipation of a price decline and is required to return an equal number of shares at some point in
the future. These transactions have a number of risks that make it highly unsuitable for the novice
investor. This strategy has a slanted payoff ratio in that the maximum gain is limited, but the
maximum loss is theoretically infinite. The following risks should be considered: (1) In addition to
trading commissions, other costs with short selling include that of borrowing the security to short it,
as well as interest payable on the margin account that holds the shorted security. (2) The short seller
is responsible for making dividend payments on the shorted stock to the entity from whom the stock
has been borrowed. (3) Stocks with very high short interest may occasionally surge in price. This
usually happens when there is a positive development in the stock, which forces short sellers to buy
the shares back to close their short positions. Heavily shorted stocks are also susceptible to “buy-ins,”
which occur when a broker closes out short positions in a difficult-to-borrow stock whose lenders
are demanding it back. (4) Regulators may impose bans on short sales in a specific sector or even in
the broad market to avoid panic and unwarranted selling pressure. Such actions can cause a spike in stock
prices, forcing the short seller to cover short positions at huge losses.
Short-Term Purchases: When utilizing this strategy, our firm may also purchase securities with the
idea of selling them within a relatively short time (typically a year or less). Our firm does this in an
attempt to take advantage of conditions that our firm believes will soon result in a price swing in the
securities our firm purchase.
Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. While the stock
market may increase and the account(s) could enjoy a gain, it is also possible that the stock market
may decrease and the account(s) could suffer a loss. It is important that clients understand the risks
associated with investing in the stock market, and that their assets are appropriately diversified in
investments. Clients are encouraged to ask our firm any questions regarding their risk tolerance.
Capital Risk: Capital risk is one of the most basic, fundamental risks of investing; it is the risk that
you may lose 100% of your money. All investments carry some form of risk and the loss of capital is
generally a risk for any investment instrument.
Company Risk: When investing in stock positions, there is always a certain level of company or
industry specific risk that is inherent in each investment. This is also referred to as unsystematic risk
and can be reduced through appropriate diversification. There is the risk that the company will perform
poorly or have its value reduced based on factors specific to the company or its industry. For example,
if a company’s employees go on strike or the company receives unfavorable media attention for its
actions, the value of the company may be reduced.
Economic Risk: The prevailing economic environment is important to the health of all businesses.
Some companies, however, are more sensitive to changes in the domestic or global economy than
others. These types of companies are often referred to as cyclical businesses. Countries in which a
large portion of businesses are in cyclical industries are thus also very economically sensitive and
carry a higher amount of economic risk. If an investment is issued by a party located in a country that
experiences wide swings from an economic standpoint or in situations where certain elements of an
investment instrument are hinged on dealings in such countries, the investment instrument will
generally be subject to a higher level of economic risk.
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ETF & Mutual Fund Risk: When investing in an ETF or mutual fund, you will bear additional
expenses based on your pro rata share of the ETF’s or mutual fund’s operating expenses, including
the potential duplication of management fees. The risk of owning an ETF or mutual fund generally
reflects the risks of owning the underlying securities, the ETF, or mutual fund holds. Clients will also incur
brokerage costs when purchasing ETFs.
Financial Risk: Financial risk is represented by internal disruptions within an investment or the
issuer of an investment that can lead to unfavorable performance of the investment. Examples of
financial risk can be found in cases like Enron or many of the dot com companies that were caught
up in a period of extraordinary market valuations that were not based on solid financial footings of
the companies.
Fixed Income Securities Risk: Typically, the values of fixed-income securities change inversely with
prevailing interest rates. Therefore, a fundamental risk of fixed-income securities is interest rate risk, which
is the risk that their value will generally decline as prevailing interest rates rise, which may cause
your account value to likewise decrease, and vice versa. How specific fixed income securities may
react to changes in interest rates will depend on the specific characteristics of each security. Fixed-
income securities are also subject to credit risk, prepayment risk, valuation risk, and liquidity risk.
Credit risk is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest and principal in a timely manner,
or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of
a bond to decline.
Inflation Risk: Inflation risk involves the concern that in the future, your investment or proceeds
from your investment will not be worth what they are today. Throughout time, the prices of resources and
end-user products generally increase and thus, the same general goods and products today will
likely be more expensive in the future. The longer an investment is held, the greater the chance that
the proceeds from that investment will be worth less in the future than what they are today. Said
another way, a dollar tomorrow will likely get you less than what it can today.
Interest Rate Risk: Certain investments involve the payment of a fixed or variable rate of interest to
the investment holder. Once an investor has acquired or has acquired the rights to an investment that pays
a particular rate (fixed or variable) of interest, changes in overall interest rates in the market will
affect the value of the interest-paying investment(s) they hold. In general, changes in prevailing interest
rates in the market will have an inverse relationship to the value of existing, interest paying
investments. In other words, as interest rates move up, the value of an instrument paying a particular
rate (fixed or variable) of interest will go down. The reverse is generally true as well.
Legal/Regulatory Risk: Certain investments or the issuers of investments may be affected by
changes in state or federal laws or in the prevailing regulatory framework under which the
investment instrument or its issuer is regulated. Changes in the regulatory environment or tax laws
can affect the performance of certain investments or issuers of those investments and thus, can have
a negative impact on the overall performance of such investments.
Market Risk: The value of your portfolio may decrease if the value of an individual company or
multiple companies in the portfolio decreases or if our belief about a company’s intrinsic worth is
incorrect. Further, regardless of how well individual companies perform, the value of your portfolio could
also decrease if there are deteriorating economic or market conditions. It is important to understand
that the value of your investment may fall, sometimes sharply, in response to changes in the market,
and you could lose money. Investment risks include price risk as may be observed by a drop in a
security’s price due to company specific events (e.g. earnings disappointment or downgrade
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in the rating of a bond) or general market risk (e.g. such as a “bear” market when stock values fall in
general). For fixed-income securities, a period of rising interest rates could erode the value of a bond since
bond values generally fall as bond yields go up. Past performance is not a guarantee of future returns.
Options Risk: Options on securities may be subject to greater fluctuations in value than an
investment in the underlying securities. Additionally, options have an expiration date, which makes them
“decay” in value over the amount of time they are held and can expire worthless. Purchasing and
writing put and call options are highly specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary
investment risks.
Strategy Risk: There is no guarantee that the investment strategies discussed herein will work under
all market conditions and each investor should evaluate his/her ability to maintain any investment
he/she is considering in light of his/her own investment time horizon. Investments are subject to
risk, including possible loss of principal.
Description of Material, Significant or Unusual Risks
Our firm generally invests client cash balances in money market funds, FDIC Insured Certificates of
Deposit, high-grade commercial paper and/or government backed debt instruments. Ultimately, our
firm tries to achieve the highest return on client cash balances through relatively low-risk conservative
investments. In most cases, at least a partial cash balance will be maintained in a money market account
so that our firm may debit advisory fees for our services related to our Comprehensive Portfolio
Management service, as applicable.
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
Mr. Devarapalli was terminated from LPL in February 2024, which became the subject of a FINRA
inquiry on July 23, 2024, and provided documents to FINRA in November 2024. Responding to a
status request by Mr. Devarapalli, FINRA indicated that the examination remains open and active as of July
2025. For additional information regarding the circumstances of Mr. Devarapalli’s termination and
the inquiry, please search CRD #6416586 at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Besides this, neither our firm nor its management persons have been subject to any criminal or civil
actions, administrative proceedings, or self-regulatory organization (SRO) proceedings.
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations
Representatives of our firm are registered representatives of The Leaders Group, Inc., CRD# 37157, a
FINRA registered broker/dealer. As a result of broker/dealer transactions, they receive normal and
customary commissions. A conflict of interest exists as these commissionable securities sales create
an incentive to recommend products based on the compensation earned. To mitigate this potential
conflict, our firm will act in the client’s best interest.
Neither our firm nor any of its management persons are registered or have an application pending to
register, as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, a commodity trading advisor,
or an associated person of the foregoing entities.
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Representatives of our firm are insurance agents/brokers, and Kiran Devarapalli is the owner of Ciro
Insurance Solutions LLC, an insurance agency. They offer insurance products and receive customary fees
as a result of insurance sales, as well as indirect compensation in the form of educational seminars
and travel expenses. A conflict of interest exists as these insurance sales create an incentive to
recommend products based on the compensation adviser and/or our supervised persons may earn.
To mitigate this potential conflict, our firm will act in the client’s best interest.
As disclosed in Item 4, our firm selects third party money managers to assist our clients with
portfolio management. Before selecting the third party money managers, our firm will ensure that they
are properly licensed or registered.
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in
Client Transactions & Personal Trading
As a fiduciary, it is an investment adviser’s responsibility to provide fair and full disclosure of all material
facts and to act solely in the best interest of each of our clients at all times. Our fiduciary duty is the
underlying principle for our firm’s Code of Ethics, which includes procedures for personal securities
transaction and insider trading. Our firm requires all representatives to conduct business with the
highest level of ethical standards and to comply with all federal and applicable state securities laws
at all times. Upon employment with our firm, and at least annually thereafter, all representatives of
our firm will acknowledge receipt, understanding and compliance with our firm’s Code of Ethics.
Our firm and representatives must conduct business in an honest, ethical, and fair manner and avoid all
circumstances that might negatively affect or appear to affect our duty of complete loyalty to all clients.
This disclosure is provided to give all clients a summary of our Code of Ethics. If a client or a potential
client wishes to review our Code of Ethics in its entirety, a copy will be provided promptly upon request.
Our firm recognizes that the personal investment transactions of our representatives demands the
application of a Code of Ethics with high standards and requires that all such transactions be carried out in
a way that does not endanger the interest of any client. At the same time, our firm also believes that if
investment goals are similar for clients and for our representatives, it is logical, and even desirable, that
there be common ownership of some securities.
In order to prevent conflicts of interest, our firm has established procedures for transactions effected by our
representatives for their personal accounts1. In order to monitor compliance with our personal
trading policy, our firm has pre-clearance requirements and a quarterly securities transaction reporting
system for all of our representatives.
Neither our firm nor a related person recommends, buys or sells for client accounts, securities in
which our firm or a related person has a material financial interest without prior disclosure to the
client.
Related persons of our firm may buy or sell securities and other investments that are also
recommended to clients. In order to minimize this conflict of interest, our related persons will place
client interests ahead of their own interests and adhere to our firm’s Code of Ethics, a copy of which
is available upon request.
Likewise, related persons of our firm buy or sell securities for themselves at or about the same time they
buy or sell the same securities for client accounts. In order to minimize this conflict of interest, our
related persons will place client interests ahead of their own interests and adhere to our firm’s Code of
Ethics, a copy of which is available upon request. Further, our related persons will refrain from buying
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or selling securities that will be bought or sold in client accounts unless done so after the client execution
or concurrently as a part of a block trade.
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
Custodian & Brokers Used
Our firm does not maintain custody of client assets (although our firm may be deemed to have
custody of client assets if give the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts. See Item 15
Custody, below). Client assets must be maintained in an account at a “qualified custodian,” generally
a broker-dealer or bank. Our firm recommends and requires that clients use the Schwab Advisor
Services division of Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. (“Schwab”), a FINRA-registered broker-dealer, member
SIPC, as the qualified custodian. Our firm is independently owned and operated, and not affiliated
with Schwab. Schwab will hold client assets in a brokerage account and buy and sell securities when
instructed. While our firm recommends that clients use Schwab as custodian/broker, clients will
decide whether to do so and open an account with Schwab by entering into an account agreement
directly with them. Our firm does not open the account.
How Brokers/Custodians Are Selected
Our firm seeks to recommend a custodian/broker who will hold client assets and execute
transactions on terms that are overall most advantageous when compared to other available
providers and their services. A wide range of factors are considered, including, but not limited to:
• combination of transaction execution services along with asset custody services (generally
without a separate fee for custody)
• capability to execute, clear and settle trades (buy and sell securities for client accounts)
• capabilities to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers, check
requests, bill payment, etc.)
• breadth of investment products made available (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange
traded funds (ETFs), etc.)
• availability of investment research and tools that assist in making investment decisions
quality of services
• competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, margin interest rates, other
fees, etc.) and willingness to negotiate them
reputation, financial strength and stability of the provider
•
• prior service to our firm and our other clients
• availability of other products and services that benefit our firm, as discussed below (see
“Products & Services Available from Schwab”)
Custody & Brokerage Costs
Schwab generally does not charge a separate for custody services, but is compensated by charging
commissions or other fees to clients on trades that are executed or that settle into the Schwab
account. For some accounts, Schwab may charge your account a percentage of the dollar amount of assets
in the account in lieu of commissions. Schwab’s commission rates and/or asset-based fees
applicable to client accounts were negotiated based on our firm’s commitment to maintain a
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minimum threshold of assets statement equity in accounts at Schwab. This commitment benefits
clients because the overall commission rates and/or asset-based fees paid are lower than they would be
if our firm had not made the commitment. In addition to commissions or asset-based fees, Schwab charges
a flat dollar amount as a “prime broker” or “trade away” fee for each trade that our firm has executed
by a different broker-dealer but where the securities bought or the funds from the securities sold are
deposited (settled) into a Schwab account. These fees are in addition to the commissions or other
compensation paid to the executing broker-dealer. Because of this, in order to minimize client trading
costs, our firm has Schwab execute most trades for the accounts.
Products & Services Available from Schwab
Schwab Advisor Services is Schwab’s business serving independent investment advisory firms like
our firm. They provide our firm and clients with access to its institutional brokerage – trading,
custody, reporting and related services – many of which are not typically available to Schwab retail
customers. Schwab also makes available various support services. Some of those services help
manage or administer our client accounts while others help manage and grow our business. Schwab’s
support services are generally available on an unsolicited basis (our firm does not have to request
them) and at no charge to our firm. The availability of Schwab’s products and services is not based
on the provision of particular investment advice, such as purchasing particular securities for clients.
Here is a more detailed description of Schwab’s support services:
Services that Benefit Clients
Schwab’s institutional brokerage services include access to a broad range of investment products,
execution of securities transactions, and custody of client assets. The investment products available through
Schwab include some to which our firm might not otherwise have access or that would require a
significantly higher minimum initial investment by firm clients. Schwab’s services described in
this paragraph generally benefit clients and their accounts.
Services that May Not Directly Benefit Clients
Schwab also makes available other products and services that benefit our firm but may not directly
benefit clients or their accounts. These products and services assist in managing and administering
our client accounts. They include investment research, both Schwab’s and that of third parties. This research
may be used to service all or some substantial number of client accounts, including accounts not
maintained at Schwab. In addition to investment research, Schwab also makes available software and
other technology that:
• provides access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account
statements);
facilitates trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts;
facilitates payment of our fees from our clients’ accounts; and
•
• provides pricing and other market data;
•
• assists with back-office functions, recordkeeping and client reporting.
Services that Generally Benefit Only Our Firm
Schwab also offers other services intended to help manage and further develop our business
enterprise. These services include:
• educational conferences and events
•
technology, compliance, legal, and business consulting;
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• publications and conferences on practice management and business succession; and
• access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants and insurance providers.
Schwab may provide some of these services itself. In other cases, Schwab will arrange for third-party
vendors to provide the services to our firm. Schwab may also discount or waive fees for some of these
services or pay all or a part of a third party’s fees. Schwab may also provide our firm with other
benefits, such as occasional business entertainment for our personnel.
Irrespective of direct or indirect benefits to our client through Schwab, our firm strives to enhance
the client experience, help clients reach their goals and put client interests before that of our firm or
associated persons.
Our Interest in Schwab’s Services
The availability of these services from Schwab benefits our firm because our firm does not have to
produce or purchase them. Our firm does not have to pay for these services, and they are not contingent
upon committing any specific amount of business to Schwab in trading commissions or assets in
custody.
In light of our arrangements with Schwab, a conflict of interest exists as our firm may have incentive
to require that clients maintain their accounts with Schwab based on our interest in receiving
Schwab’s services that benefit our firm rather than based on client interest in receiving the best value
in custody services and the most favorable execution of transactions. As part of our fiduciary duty to
our clients, our firm will endeavor at all times to put the interests of our clients first. Clients should
be aware, however, that the receipt of economic benefits by our firm or our related persons creates
a potential conflict of interest and may indirectly influence our firm’s choice of Schwab as a custodial
recommendation. Our firm examined this potential conflict of interest when our firm chose to
recommend Schwab and have determined that the recommendation is in the best interest of our firm’s
clients and satisfies our fiduciary obligations, including our duty to seek best execution.
In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the
transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of a
broker-dealer’s services, including the value of research provided, execution capability, commission rates,
and responsiveness. Although our firm will seek competitive rates, to the benefit of all clients, our
firm may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for specific client account
transactions. Our firm believes that the selection of Schwab as a custodian and broker is the best
interest of our clients. It is primarily supported by the scope, quality and price of Schwab’s services,
and not Schwab’s services that only benefit our firm.
Soft Dollars
Our firm will receive Automated Customer Account Transfer (“ACAT”) and transition benefits
from our custodian to assist with the account transfer process. Aside from this, our firm does not
receive soft dollars in excess of what is allowed by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934. The safe harbor research products and services obtained by our firm will generally be used to
service all of our clients but not necessarily all at any one particular time.
Client Brokerage Commissions
Schwab does not make client brokerage commissions generated by client transactions available for
our firm’s use.
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Client Transactions in Return for Soft Dollars
Our firm does not direct client transactions to a particular broker-dealer in return for soft dollar
benefits.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
Our firm does not receive brokerage for client referrals.
Directed Brokerage
Neither our firm nor any of our firm’s representatives have discretionary authority in making the
determination of the commission rates at which the purchase or sale of securities are placed for
execution. Our firm recommends and requires the use of Schwab. Each client will be required to
establish their account(s) with Schwab if not already done. Please note that not all advisers have this
requirement.
Special Considerations for ERISA Clients
A retirement or ERISA plan client may direct all or part of portfolio transactions for its account through
a specific broker or dealer in order to obtain goods or services on behalf of the plan. Such direction is
permitted provided that the goods and services provided are reasonable expenses of the plan incurred
in the ordinary course of its business for which it otherwise would be obligated and empowered to pay.
ERISA prohibits directed brokerage arrangements when the goods or services purchased are not for
the exclusive benefit of the plan. Consequently, our firm will request that plan sponsors who direct
plan brokerage provide us with a letter documenting that this arrangement will be for the exclusive
benefit of the plan.
Client-Directed Brokerage
Our firm does not allow client-directed brokerage outside our recommendations. Please note that
not all firms require that their clients use the recommended custodian or brokerage firm.
Aggregation of Purchase or Sale
Our firm provides investment management services for various clients. There are occasions on which
portfolio transactions may be executed as part of concurrent authorizations to purchase or sell the same
security for numerous accounts served by our firm, which involve accounts with similar investment
objectives. Although such concurrent authorizations potentially could be either advantageous or
disadvantageous to any one or more particular accounts, they are affected only when our firm believes that
to do so will be in the best interest of the effected accounts. When such concurrent authorizations occur,
the objective is to allocate the executions in a manner which is deemed equitable to the accounts involved.
In any given situation, our firm attempts to allocate trade executions in the most equitable manner
possible, taking into consideration client objectives, current asset allocation and availability of funds using
price averaging, proration and consistently non-arbitrary methods of allocation.
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans
Our Chief Compliance Officer, Kiran Devarapalli, reviews accounts on at least an annual basis for our
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Comprehensive Portfolio Management and Third Party Money Management clients. The nature of
these reviews is to learn whether client accounts are in line with their investment objectives,
appropriately positioned based on market conditions, and investment policies, if applicable. Our firm
does not provide written reports to clients, unless asked to do so. Verbal reports to clients take place
on at least an annual basis when our Comprehensive Portfolio Management and Third Party Money
Management clients are contacted.
Our firm may review client accounts more frequently than described above. Among the factors which may
trigger an off-cycle review are major market or economic events, the client’s life events, requests by
the client, etc.
Financial Planning clients do not receive reviews of their written plans unless they take action to
schedule a financial consultation with us. Our firm does not provide ongoing services to financial
planning clients, but are willing to meet with such clients upon their request to discuss updates to their
plans, changes in their circumstances, etc. Financial Planning clients do not receive written or verbal
updated reports regarding their financial plans unless they separately engage our firm for a post-
financial plan meeting or update to their initial written financial plan.
Retirement Plan Consulting clients receive reviews of their retirement plans for the duration of the
service. Our firm also provides ongoing services where clients are met with upon their request to
discuss updates to their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc. Retirement Plan Consulting clients
do not receive written or verbal updated reports regarding their plans unless they choose to engage our
firm for ongoing services.
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation
Charles Schwab Co. & Inc.
Our firm receives economic benefit from Schwab in the form of the support products and services
made available to our firm and other independent investment advisors that have their clients
maintain accounts at Schwab. These products and services, how they benefit our firm, and the related
conflicts of interest are described above (see Item 12 – Brokerage Practices). The availability of
Schwab’s products and services is not based on our firm giving particular investment advice, such as
buying particular securities for our clients.
Product Sponsors
Representatives of our firm will occasionally accept travel expense reimbursement provided by
product sponsors in order to attend their educational events. The reimbursement is not directly
dependent upon the recommendation of any specific product. Although we may be incentivized to
recommend products from product sponsors that reimburse our travel, our representatives will
always adhere to their fiduciary duty in recommending appropriate investments for our clients.
Client Referrals
Our firm does not pay referral fees (non-commission based) to independent solicitors (non-
registered representatives) for the referral of their clients to our firm in accordance with relevant
federal statutes and rules.
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Item 15: Custody
Deduction of Advisory Fees:
Securities regulators consider direct fee deduction from a client account to be a form of custody.
However, the regulators provide that an advisor with direct fee deduction can avoid certain
requirements of the Custody Rule if it complies with the following safeguards:
(A) The investment adviser has custody of the funds and securities solely as a consequence
of its authority to make withdrawals from client accounts to pay its advisory fee.
(B) The investment adviser has written authorization from the client to deduct advisory fees
from the account held with the qualified custodian.
(C) Each time a fee is directly deducted from a client account, the investment adviser
concurrently sends the qualified custodian an invoice or statement of the amount of the fee
to be deducted from the client's account;
(D) The investment adviser notifies the regulators in writing that the investment adviser
intends to use the safeguards provided in this paragraph (b)(3). Such notification is required
to be given on Form ADV.
Our firm relies on the above safeguards for direct fee deduction.
Clients should review and compare the reports sent by our firm and by the account custodian for
accuracy. Clients are encouraged to raise any questions with us about the custody, safety or security
of their assets and our custodial recommendations.
Third Party Money Movement:
On February 21, 2017, the SEC issued a no-action letter (“Letter”) with respect to Rule 206(4)-2
(“Custody Rule”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). The letter provided
guidance on the Custody Rule as well as clarified that an adviser who has the power to disburse client funds
to a third party under a standing letter of authorization (“SLOA”) is deemed to have custody. As
such, our firm has adopted the following safeguards in conjunction with our custodian:
• The client provides an instruction to the qualified custodian, in writing, that includes the
client’s signature, the third party’s name, and either the third party’s address or the third
party’s account number at a custodian to which the transfer should be directed.
• The client authorizes the investment adviser, in writing, either on the qualified custodian’s
form or separately, to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or from time
to time.
• The client’s qualified custodian performs appropriate verification of the instruction, such as a
signature review or other method to verify the client’s authorization, and provides a
transfer of funds notice to the client promptly after each transfer.
• The client has the ability to terminate or change the instruction to the client’s qualified
custodian.
• The investment adviser has no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the
third party, the address, or any other information about the third party contained in the
client’s instruction.
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• The investment adviser maintains records showing that the third party is not a related party
of the investment adviser or located at the same address as the investment adviser.
• The client’s qualified custodian sends the client, in writing, an initial notice confirming the
instruction and an annual notice reconfirming the instruction.
Item 16: Investment Discretion
Clients have the option of providing our firm with investment discretion on their behalf, pursuant to
an executed investment advisory client agreement. By granting investment discretion, our firm is
authorized to execute securities transactions, determine which securities are bought and sold, and
the total amount to be bought and sold. Should clients grant our firm non-discretionary authority, our
firm would be required to obtain the client’s permission prior to effecting securities transactions.
Limitations may be imposed by the client in the form of specific constraints on any of these areas of
discretion with our firm’s written acknowledgement.
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
Our firm does not accept the proxy authority to vote client securities. Clients will receive proxies or
other solicitations directly from their custodian or a transfer agent. In the event that proxies are sent to
our firm, our firm will forward them to the appropriate client and ask the party who sent them to mail
them directly to the client in the future. Clients may call, write or email us to discuss questions they
may have about particular proxy votes or other solicitations.
Third party money managers selected or recommended by our firm may vote proxies for clients.
Therefore, except in the event a third party money manager votes proxies, clients maintain exclusive
responsibility for: (1) directing the manner in which proxies solicited by issuers of securities
beneficially owned by the client shall be voted, and (2) making all elections relative to any mergers,
acquisitions, tender offers, bankruptcy proceedings or other type events pertaining to the client’s
investment assets. Therefore (except for proxies that may be voted by a third party money manager),
our firm and/or the client shall instruct the qualified custodian to forward copies of all proxies and
shareholder communications relating to the client’s investment assets.
Item 18: Financial Information
Our firm is not required to provide financial information in this Brochure because:
• Our firm does not require the prepayment of fees of more than $1,200 per client and for
six months or more in advance.
• Our firm does not take custody of client funds or securities.
• Our firm does not have a financial condition or commitment that impairs our ability to meet
contractual and fiduciary obligations to clients.
Our firm has never been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
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