Overview
- Headquarters
- O'fallon, IL
- Total Firm Assets
- $260 million
- Average High-Net-Worth Client Portfolio Size
- $2.3 million
Fee Disclosure
CLARK WEALTH PARTNERS ADV PART 2A V.09.17.26
| Min | Max | Disclosed Annual Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $0 | $250,000 | 1.25% |
| $250,001 | $500,000 | 1.20% |
| $500,001 | $750,000 | 1.15% |
| $750,001 | $1,000,000 | 1.05% |
| $1,000,001 | $5,000,000 | 1.00% |
| $5,000,001 | and above | Negotiable |
Stated Minimum Annual Fee: $5,000
Estimated Annual Fees (Based on ADV disclosures. Where a range is given, we use the upper rate)
| Portfolio Value | Estimated Annual Fee | Effective Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $1 million | $11,625 | 1.16% |
| $5 million | $51,625 | 1.03% |
| $10 million | Negotiable | Negotiable |
| $50 million | Negotiable | Negotiable |
| $100 million | Negotiable | Negotiable |
Clients
- High-Net-Worth Share of Firm Assets
- 53.33%
- Number of High-Net-Worth Clients
- 61
- Total Client Accounts
- 1,193
- Discretionary Accounts
- 1,193
Services Offered
Services: Financial Planning, Portfolio Management for Individuals
Regulatory Filings
- SEC CRD Number
- 321757
Primary Brochure: CLARK WEALTH PARTNERS ADV PART 2A V.09.17.26 (2026-09-17)
View Document Text
Clark Wealth Partners, LLC
CRD# 321757
821 West Hwy 50, Suite 204
O'Fallon, IL 62269
www.clarkwealthpartners.com
Telephone: 618-607-4101
September 17, 2026
FORM ADV PART 2A BROCHURE
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Clark Wealth
Partners, LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, contact us at 618-607- 4101
or via email at mclark@clarkwealthpartners.com. The information in this brochure has not been approved
or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about Clark Wealth Partners, LLC, is available on the SEC's website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Clark Wealth Partners, LLC is a registered investment adviser. Registration with the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission or any state securities authority does not imply a certain level of
skill or training.
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Item 2 Summary of Material Changes
Our Firm is required to amend this brochure when information becomes materially inaccurate. If there
are any material changes to the disclosure brochure, we are required to notify you and provide you
with a description of the material changes.
Annual Update
The Material Changes section of this brochure will be updated annually when material changes occur
from the previous release of the Firm Brochure.
Material Changes since the Last Update
Since the firm's last ADV Annual Amendment filing of March 19, 2026, the firm had the following
change:
The firm updated Items 4 and 5 in the brochure to reflect the firm is no longer offering new
clients the option to access to the Wealth.com platform.
Full Brochure Available
Whenever you would like to receive a complete copy of our Firm Brochure, please contact us by
telephone at: 618-607-4101, or by email at: mclark@clarkwealthpartners.com.
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Item 3 Table of Contents
Item 1 Cover Page
Item 2 Summary of Material Changes
Item 3 Table of Contents
Item 4 Advisory Business
Item 5 Fees and Compensation
Item 6 Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Item 7 Types of Clients
Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Item 9 Disciplinary Information
Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
Item 12 Brokerage Practices
Item 13 Review of Accounts
Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Item 15 Custody
Item 16 Investment Discretion
Item 17 Voting Client Securities
Item 18 Financial Information
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Item 4 Advisory Business
Description of Firm
Clark Wealth Partners, LLC is a SEC registered investment adviser based in O'Fallon, IL. We are
organized as a limited liability company ("LLC") under the laws of the State of Illinois. We are owned
by Michael D. Clark.
The following paragraphs describe our services and fees. Refer to the description of each investment
advisory service listed below for information on how we tailor our advisory services to your individual
needs. As used in this brochure, the words "we," "our," and "us" refer to Clark Wealth Partners,
LLC and the words "you," "your," and "client" refer to you as either a client or prospective client of our
firm.
There are clients who work with us who receive services under engagements that include differing fees
and services that are no longer on offer by us.
Portfolio Management Services
We offer discretionary portfolio management services. Our investment advice is tailored to meet our
clients' needs and investment objectives.
We tailor our advisory services to meet the needs of our individual clients and seek to ensure, on a
continuous basis, that client portfolios are managed in a manner consistent with those needs and
objectives. Clark Wealth Partners consults with clients on an initial and ongoing basis to assess their
specific risk tolerance, time horizon, liquidity constraints and other related factors relevant to the
management of their portfolios. Clients are advised to promptly notify our Firm if there are changes in
their financial situation or if they wish to place any limitations on the management of their portfolios.
Clients may impose reasonable restrictions or mandates on the management of their accounts, if we
determine, in our sole discretion, the conditions will not materially impact the performance of a
management strategy or prove overly burdensome to the Firm's management efforts.
We primarily allocate client assets among various mutual funds, exchange-traded funds ("ETFs"),
individual equities, cash equivalents, and model portfolios designed by our Firm in accordance with the
client's stated investment objectives. Where appropriate, the Firm may also provide advice about any
type of legacy position or other investment held in client portfolios. Clients may engage us to manage
and/or advise on certain investment products that are not maintained at their primary custodian, such
as variable life insurance and annuity contracts and assets held in employer sponsored retirement
plans and qualified tuition plans (i.e., 529 plans). In these situations, we direct or recommend the
allocation of client assets among the various investment options available with the product. These
assets are generally maintained at the underwriting insurance company, or by the custodian designated
by the product's provider.
If you participate in our discretionary portfolio management services, we require you to grant our firm
discretionary authority to manage your account. Discretionary authorization will allow us to determine
the specific securities and the amount of securities to be purchased or sold for your account without
your approval prior to each transaction. Discretionary authority is typically granted by the investment
advisory agreement you sign with our firm and the appropriate trading authorization forms.
You may limit our discretionary authority (for example, limiting the types of securities that can be
purchased or sold for your account) by providing our firm with your restrictions and guidelines in
writing.
We may also offer non-discretionary portfolio management services. If you enter into non-
discretionary arrangements with our firm, we must obtain your approval prior to executing any
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transactions on behalf of your account. You have an unrestricted right to decline to implement any
advice provided by our firm on a non-discretionary basis.
As part of our portfolio management services, in addition to other types of investments (see
disclosures below in this section), we may invest your assets according to one or more internal model
portfolios developed by our firm. These models are designed for investors with varying degrees of
risk tolerance ranging from a more aggressive investment strategy to a more conservative investment
approach. Clients whose assets are invested in model portfolios may not set restrictions on the
specific holdings or allocations within the model, nor the types of securities that can be purchased in
the model. Nonetheless, clients may impose restrictions on investing in certain securities or types of
securities in their account. In such cases, this may prevent a client from investing in certain models
that are managed by our firm.
Additionally, depending on the client's objectives, we offer and can arrange for a direct lending solution
where we assist clients to obtain a securities-backed line of credit. This can be a strategic alternative to
liquidating assets, to pay for unexpected expenses, a business opportunity, or a personal goal, any of
which could trigger capital gain taxes. This service provides clients with an alternative source of
financing that has no fees for opening, drawing on or paying off the line of credit. For more information,
please contact your adviser.
Financial Planning Services
As part of our portfolio management services, we offer financial planning regarding the management of
a client’s financial resources. This service is limited in scope based upon an analysis of a client's
individual needs. Clark Wealth Partners also offers a stand-alone financial planning service for clients
who do not wish for us to provide ongoing investment management services.
If you elect to use Clark Wealth Partners for financial planning services, we will meet with you to gather
information about your financial circumstances and objectives. We will provide you with general
financial planning and consulting services, addressing topics such as insurance, tax and cash flow
needs, retirement, investments, education, estate planning, etc.as these issues relate to you.
Our recommendations in a financial plan are based on your financial situation at the time we present the
plan to you, and on the financial information you provide to us. You must promptly notify our firm if
your financial situation, goals, objectives, or your needs change.
You are under no obligation to act on our financial planning recommendations. Should you choose to
act on any of our recommendations, the recommendations may be implemented, at your sole
discretion, with the professional consultants of your choosing (including your broker, accountant,
attorney, etc.).
Types of Investments
We primarily offer advice on ETFs, Mutual Funds, and Individual Stocks. Refer to the Methods of
Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss below for additional disclosures on this topic.
Additionally, we may advise you on various types of investments based on your stated goals and
objectives. We may also provide advice on any type of investment held in your portfolio at the inception
of our advisory relationship.
Since our investment strategies and advice are based on each client's specific financial situation, the
investment advice we provide you may be different or conflicting with the advice we give to other clients
regarding the same security or investment.
IRA Rollover Recommendations
When we provide investment advice to you regarding your retirement plan account or individual
retirement account, we are fiduciaries within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income
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Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws governing retirement
accounts. The way we make money creates some conflicts with your interests, so we operate under a
special rule that requires us to act in your best interest and not put our interest ahead of yours. Under
this special rule's provisions, we must:
• Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations (give prudent
advice).
• Never put our financial interests ahead of yours when making recommendations (give loyal
advice).
• Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments.
• Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is in your best
interest.
• Charge no more than is reasonable for our services; and
• Give you information about conflicts of interest.
We benefit financially from the rollover of your assets from a retirement account to an account that we
manage or provide investment advice, because the assets increase our assets under management
and, in turn, our advisory fees. As a fiduciary, we only recommend a rollover when we believe it is in
your best interest.
Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2025, we provided continuous management services for $259,876,181 in client
assets on a discretionary basis.
Item 5 Fees and Compensation
There are clients who work with us who receive services under engagements that include differing fees
and services that are no longer on offer by us.
Portfolio Management Services
Our fee for portfolio management services is based on a percentage of the assets in your account and
is set forth in the following annual fee schedule:
Annual Fee Schedule
Assets Under Management
Annual Fee
$0 - $250,000
1.25%
$250,001 - $500,000
1.20%
$500,001 - $750,000
1.15%
$750,001 - $1,000,000
1.05%
$1,000,001 - $5,000,000
1.00%
Above $5,000,001
Negotiable
Our annual portfolio management fee is billed and payable, quarterly in advance, based upon the closing
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market value of the assets under our management on the last day of the previous billing cycle. We will
charge you in accordance with the above tiered fee schedule and corresponding breakpoints subject to
our minimum annual fee of $5000, or $1250 per quarter.
If the portfolio management agreement is executed at any time other than the first day of the calendar
quarter, our fees will apply on a pro rata basis, which means that the advisory fee is payable in
proportion to the number of days in the quarter for which you are a client. Our advisory fee is
negotiable, depending on individual client circumstances.
At our discretion, we may combine the account values of family members living in the same household
to determine the applicable advisory fee. For example, we may combine account values for you and
your minor children, joint accounts with your spouse, and other types of related accounts. Combining
account values may increase the asset total, which may result in you paying a reduced advisory fee
based on the breakpoints available in our fee schedule stated above.
We will deduct our fee directly from your account through the qualified custodian holding your funds
and securities. We will deduct our advisory fee only when you have given our firm written authorization
permitting the fees to be paid directly from your account. Further, the qualified custodian will deliver an
account statement to you at least quarterly. These account statements will show all disbursements
from your account. You should review all statements for accuracy and notify us if you have questions
about any transactions or fees reflected in your custodian statement(s).
You may terminate the portfolio management agreement upon 30 days’ written notice. You will incur a
pro rata charge for services rendered prior to the termination of the portfolio management agreement,
which means you will incur advisory fees only in proportion to the number of days in the quarter for
which you are a client. If you have pre-paid advisory fees that we have not yet earned, you will receive
a prorated refund of those fees.
Financial Planning Services
Our Financial Planning services are included with our portfolio management fee when you are receiving
our ongoing investment management services. We do not charge a separate fee for this service.
Services provided under a stand-alone financial planning engagement are provided on a flat-fee basis
based on the scope, complexity, and extent of the services needed by you. If the scope of work
changes after commencement, and requires more time than originally estimated, additional time will be
billed at $250 per hour subject to your consent before the additional work is performed. One half of the
fee is due at the beginning of the engagement and the remaining upon presentation of the plan or our
recommendations. Clark Wealth Partners accepts payment by check.
Additional Fees and Expenses
As part of our investment advisory services to you, we may invest, or recommend that you invest, in
mutual funds and exchange-traded funds. The fees that you pay to our firm for investment advisory
services are separate and distinct from the fees and expenses charged by mutual funds or exchange
traded funds (described in each fund's prospectus) to their shareholders. These fees will generally
include a management fee and other fund expenses. You will also incur transaction charges and/or
brokerage fees when purchasing or selling securities. These charges and fees are typically imposed by
the broker-dealer or custodian through whom your account transactions are executed. We do not share
in any portion of the brokerage fees/transaction charges imposed by the broker-dealer or custodian. To
fully understand the total cost you will incur, you should review all the fees charged by mutual funds,
exchange-traded funds, our firm, and others. For information on our brokerage practices, refer to the
Brokerage Practices section of this brochure.
Compensation for the Sale of Insurance Products
Some people providing investment advice on behalf of our firm are licensed as independent insurance
producers and will earn commission-based compensation for selling insurance products, including any
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insurance products they sell to you. Insurance commissions earned by the independent insurance
producer are separate and distinct from any advisory fees that you pay us for the advisory services
that we provide to you. CWP is not a licensed insurance business entity producer and thus does not
receive any portion of the insurance commissions that are earned by the independent insurance
producer for the sale of insurance products. This practice presents a conflict of interest because
individuals providing investment advice on behalf of our firm who are insurance producers, have an
incentive to recommend insurance products to you for the purpose of generating commissions rather
than solely based on your needs. You are under no obligation, contractual or otherwise, to purchase
insurance products through any person affiliated with our firm.
Item 6 Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
We do not accept performance-based fees or participate in side-by-side management. Performance-
based fees are fees that are based on a share of a capital gain or capital appreciation of a client's
account. Side-by-side management refers to the practice of managing accounts that are charged
performance-based fees while at the same time managing accounts that are not charged performance-
based fees. Our fees are calculated as described in the Fees and Compensation section above and
are not charged based on a share of capital gains upon, or capital appreciation of, the funds in your
advisory account.
Item 7 Types of Clients
We offer investment advisory services to individuals including high net worth individuals, pension and
profit-sharing plans (but not the plan participants), charitable organizations, and corporations or other
businesses.
In general, we do not require a minimum dollar amount to open and maintain an advisory account;
however, we have the right to terminate your account if it falls below a minimum size which, in our sole
opinion, is too small to manage effectively. Although we do not have a minimum account size to open or
maintain an advisory account, we do have a minimum fee associated with our Portfolio Management
Service as noted in Item 5 above.
We may also combine account values for you and your minor children, joint accounts with your
spouse, and other types of related accounts to meet the stated minimum.
Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Our Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
We may use one or more of the following methods of analysis or investment strategies when providing
investment advice to you:
Charting Analysis - involves the gathering and processing of price and volume pattern information for
a particular security, sector, broad index, or commodity. This price and volume pattern information is
analyzed. The resulting pattern and correlation data is used to detect departures from expected
performance and diversification and predict future price movements and trends.
Risk: Our charting analysis may not accurately detect anomalies or predict future price
movements. Current prices of securities may reflect all information known about the security and
day-to-day changes in market prices of securities may follow random patterns and may not be
predictable with any reliable degree of accuracy.
Technical Analysis - involves studying past price patterns, trends and interrelationships in the
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financial markets to assess risk-adjusted performance and predict the direction of both the overall
market and specific securities.
Risk: The risk of market timing based on technical analysis is that our analysis may not accurately
detect anomalies or predict future price movements. Current prices of securities may reflect all
information known about the security and day-to-day changes in market prices of securities may
follow random patterns and may not be predictable with any reliable degree of accuracy.
Fundamental Analysis - involves analyzing individual companies and their industry groups, such as a
company's financial statements, details regarding the company's product line, the experience and
expertise of the company's management, and the outlook for the company and its industry. The
resulting data is used to measure the true value of the company's stock compared to the current
market value.
Risk: The risk of fundamental analysis is that information obtained may be incorrect and the
analysis may not provide an accurate estimate of earnings, which may be the basis for a stock's
value. If securities prices adjust rapidly to new information, utilizing fundamental analysis may not
result in favorable performance.
Cyclical Analysis - a type of technical analysis that involves evaluating recurring price patterns and
trends. Economic/business cycles may not be predictable and may have many fluctuations between
long-term expansions and contractions.
Risk: The lengths of economic cycles may be difficult to predict with accuracy and therefore the
risk of cyclical analysis is the difficulty in predicting economic trends and consequently the
changing value of securities that would be affected by these changing trends.
Modern Portfolio Theory - a theory of investment which attempts to maximize portfolio expected
return for a given amount of portfolio risk or equivalently minimize risk for a given level of expected
return, by carefully diversifying the proportions of various assets.
Risk: Market risk is that part of a security's risk that is common to all securities of the same
general class (stocks and bonds) and thus cannot be eliminated by diversification.
Long-Term Purchases - securities purchased with the expectation that the value of those securities
will grow over a relatively long period of time, generally greater than one year.
Risk: Using a long-term purchase strategy generally assumes the financial markets will go up in
the long term, which may not be the case. There is also the risk that the segment of the market
that you are invested in or perhaps just your particular investment will go down over time even if
the overall financial markets advance. Purchasing investments long-term may create an
opportunity cost - "locking-up" assets that may be better utilized in the short-term in other
investments.
Short-Term Purchases - securities purchased with the expectation that they will be sold within a
relatively short period of time, generally less than one year, to take advantage of the securities' short-
term price fluctuations.
Risk: Using a short-term purchase strategy generally assumes that we can predict how financial
markets will perform in the short-term, which may be very difficult and will incur a
disproportionately higher amount of transaction costs compared to long-term trading. There are
many factors that can affect financial market performance in the short term (such as short-term
interest rate changes, cyclical earnings announcements, etc.) but may have a smaller impact over
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longer periods of time.
Margin Transactions - a securities transaction in which an investor borrows money to purchase a
security, in which case the security serves as collateral on the loan.
Risk: If the value of the shares drops sufficiently, the investor will be required to either deposit
more cash into the account or sell a portion of the stock to maintain the margin requirements of
the account. This is known as a "margin call." An investor's overall risk includes the amount of
money invested plus the amount that was loaned to them.
Our investment strategies and advice may vary depending upon each client's specific financial
situation. As such, we determine investments and allocations based upon your predefined objectives,
risk tolerance, time horizon, financial information, liquidity needs and other various suitability factors.
Your restrictions and guidelines may affect the composition of your portfolio. It is important that you
notify us immediately with respect to any material changes to your financial circumstances,
including for example, a change in your current or expected income level, tax circumstances, or
employment status.
Cash Management
We manage cash balances in your account based on the yield, and the financial soundness of the
money markets and other short-term instruments.
Tax Considerations
Our strategies and investments may have unique and significant tax implications. However, unless we
specifically agree otherwise, and in writing, tax efficiency is not our primary consideration in the
management of your assets. Regardless of your account size or any other factors, we strongly
recommend that you consult with a tax professional regarding the investment of your assets.
Custodians and broker-dealers must report the cost basis of equities acquired in client accounts. Your
custodian will default to the First-In First-Out ("FIFO") accounting method for calculating the cost basis
of your investments. You are responsible for contacting your tax advisor to determine if this accounting
method is the right choice for you. If your tax advisor believes another accounting method is more
advantageous, provide written notice to our firm immediately and we will alert your account custodian
of your individually selected accounting method. Decisions about cost basis accounting methods will
need to be made before trades settle, as the cost basis method cannot be changed after settlement.
Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves the risk of loss that you should be prepared to bear. We do not
represent or guarantee that our services or methods of analysis can or will predict future results,
successfully identify market tops or bottoms, or insulate clients from losses due to market corrections
or declines. We cannot offer any guarantees or promises that your financial goals and objectives will
be met. Past performance is in no way an indication of future performance.
Other Risk Considerations
When evaluating risk, financial loss may be viewed differently by each client and may depend on many
different risks, each of which may affect the probability and magnitude of any potential losses. The
following risks may not be all-inclusive but should be considered carefully by a prospective client
before retaining our services.
Liquidity Risk: The risk of being unable to sell your investment at a fair price at a given time due to
high volatility or lack of active liquid markets. You may receive a lower price, or it may not be possible
to sell the investment at all.
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Credit Risk: Credit risk typically applies to debt investments such as corporate, municipal, and
sovereign fixed income or bonds. A bond issuing entity can experience a credit event that could impair
or erase the value of an issuer's securities held by a client.
Inflation and Interest Rate Risk: Security prices and portfolio returns will likely vary in response to
changes in inflation and interest rates. Inflation causes the value of future dollars to be worth less and
may reduce the purchasing power of a client's future interest payments and principal. Inflation also
generally leads to higher interest rates, which may cause the value of many types of fixed income
investments to decline.
Horizon and Longevity Risk: The risk that your investment horizon is shortened because of an
unforeseen event, for example, the loss of your job. This may force you to sell investments that you
were expecting to hold for the long term. If you must sell at a time when the markets are down, you
may lose money. Longevity Risk is the risk of outliving your savings. This risk is particularly relevant
for people who are retired or are nearing retirement.
Recommendation of Particular Types of Securities
We primarily recommend ETFs, Mutual Funds, and individual stocks. However, we may advise on
other types of investments as appropriate for you since each client has different needs and a different
tolerance for risk. Each type of security has its own unique set of risks associated with it and it would
not be possible to list here all the specific risks of every type of investment. Even within the same type
of investment, risks can vary widely. However, in very general terms, the higher the anticipated return
of an investment, the higher the risk of loss associated with the investment.
Money Market Funds: A money market fund is technically a security. The fund managers attempt to
keep the share price constant at $1/share. However, there is no guarantee that the share price will stay
at $1/share. If the share price goes down, you can lose some or all of your principal. The U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") notes that "While investor losses in money market
funds have been rare, they are possible." In return for this risk, you should earn a greater return on
your cash than you would expect from a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insured
savings account (money market funds are not FDIC insured). Next, money market fund rates are
variable. In other words, you do not know how much you will earn from your investment next month.
The rate could go up or go down. If it goes up, that may result in a positive outcome. However, if it
goes down and you earn less than you expected to earn, you may end up needing more cash. A final
risk you are taking with money market funds has to do with inflation. Because money market funds are
considered to be safer than other investments like stocks, long-term average returns on money market
funds tend to be less than long term average returns on riskier investments. Over long periods of time,
inflation can eat away at your returns.
Certificates of Deposit: Certificates of deposit ("CD") are generally a safe type of investment since
they are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Company ("FDIC") up to a certain amount.
However, because the returns are generally low, there is a risk that inflation outpaces the return of the
CD. Certain CDs are traded in the marketplace and not purchased directly from a banking institution.
In addition to trading risk, when CDs are purchased at a premium, the premium is not covered by the
FDIC.
Municipal Securities: Municipal securities, while generally thought of as safe, can have significant
risks associated with them including, but not limited to: the credit worthiness of the governmental entity
that issues the bond; the stability of the revenue stream that is used to pay the interest to the
bondholders; when the bond is due to mature; and whether or not the bond can be "called" prior to
maturity. When a bond is called, it may not be possible to replace it with a bond of equal character
paying the same amount of interest or yield to maturity.
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Bonds: Corporate debt securities (or "bonds") are typically safer investments than equity securities,
but their risk can also vary widely based on the financial health of the issuer; the risk that the issuer
might default; when the bond is set to mature; and whether the bond can be "called" prior to maturity.
When a bond is called, it may not be possible to replace it with a bond of equal character paying the
same rate of return.
Stocks: There are numerous ways of measuring the risk of equity securities (also known simply as
"equities" or "stock"). In very broad terms, the value of a stock depends on the financial health of the
company issuing it. However, stock prices can be affected by many other factors including, but not
limited to the class of stock (for example, preferred or common); the health of the market sector of the
issuing company; and the overall health of the economy. In general, larger, better-established
companies ("large cap") tend to be safer than smaller start-up companies ("small cap") are but the
mere size of an issuer is not, by itself, an indicator of the safety of the investment.
Mutual Funds and Exchange Traded Funds: Mutual funds and exchange traded funds ("ETF") are
professionally managed collective investment systems that pool money from many investors and invest
in stocks, bonds, short-term money market instruments, other mutual funds, other securities, or any
combination thereof. The fund will have a manager that trades the fund's investments in accordance
with the fund's investment objective. While mutual funds and ETFs generally provide diversification,
risks can be significantly increased if the fund is concentrated in a particular sector of the market,
primarily invests in small cap or speculative companies, uses leverage (i.e., borrows money) to a
significant degree, or concentrates in a particular type of security (i.e., equities) rather than balancing
the fund with different types of securities. ETFs differ from mutual funds since they can be bought and
sold throughout the day like stocks and their price can fluctuate throughout the day. The returns on
mutual funds and ETFs can be reduced by the costs of managing the funds. Also, while some mutual
funds are "no load" and charge no fee to buy into, or sell out of, the fund, other types of mutual funds
do charge such fees which can also reduce returns. Mutual funds can also be "closed end" or "open
end". So-called "open end" mutual funds continue to allow in new investors indefinitely whereas
"closed end" funds have a fixed number of shares to sell which can limit their availability to new
investors.
ETFs may have tracking error risks. For example, the ETF investment adviser may not be able to
cause the ETF's performance to match that of its Underlying Index or other benchmark, which may
negatively affect the ETF's performance. In addition, for leveraged and inverse ETFs that seek to track
the performance of their underlying indices or benchmarks daily, mathematical compounding may
prevent the ETF from correlating with performance of its benchmark. In addition, an ETF may not have
investment exposure to all the securities included in its underlying index, or its weighting of investment
exposure to such securities may vary from that of the underlying index. Some ETFs may invest in
securities or financial instruments that are not included in the underlying index, but which are expected
to yield similar performance.
Real Estate: Real estate is increasingly being used as part of a long-term core strategy due to
increased market efficiency and increasing concerns about the future long-term variability of stock and
bond returns. In fact, real estate is known for its ability to serve as a portfolio diversifier and inflation
hedge. However, the asset class still bears a considerable amount of market risk. Real estate has
shown itself to be very cyclical, somewhat mirroring the ups and downs of the overall economy. In
addition to employment and demographic changes, real estate is also influenced by changes in
interest rates and the credit markets, which affect the demand and supply of capital and thus real
estate values. Along with changes in market fundamentals, investors wishing to add real estate as part
of their core investment portfolios need to look for property concentrations by area or by property type.
Because property returns are directly affected by local market basics, real estate portfolios that are too
heavily concentrated in one area or property type can lose their risk mitigation attributes and bear
additional risk by being too influenced by local or sector market changes.
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Real Estate Investment Trust: A real estate investment trust ("REIT") is a corporate entity which
invests in real estate and/or engages in real estate financing. A REIT reduces or eliminates corporate
income taxes. REITs can be publicly or privately held. Public REITs may be listed on public stock
exchanges. REITs are required to declare 90% of their taxable income as dividends, but they pay
dividends out of funds from operations, so cash flow has to be strong or the REIT must either dip into
reserves, borrow to pay dividends, or distribute them in stock (which causes dilution). After 2012, the
IRS stopped permitting stock dividends. Most REITs must refinance or erase large balloon debts
periodically. The credit markets are no longer frozen, but banks are demanding, and getting, harsher
terms to re-extend REIT debt. Some REITs may be forced to make secondary stock offerings to repay
debt, which will lead to additional dilution of the stockholders. Fluctuations in the real estate market can
affect the REIT's value and dividends.
Limited Partnerships: A limited partnership is a financial affiliation that includes at least one general
partner and several limited partners. The partnership invests in a venture, such as real estate
development or oil exploration, for financial gain. The general partner has management authority and
unlimited liability. The general partner runs the business and, in the event of bankruptcy, is responsible
for all debts not paid or discharged. The limited partners have no management authority, and their
liability is limited to the amount of their capital commitment. Profits are divided between general and
limited partners according to an arrangement formed at the creation of the partnership. The range of
risks is dependent on the nature of the partnership and disclosed in the offering documents if privately
placed. Publicly traded limited partnerships have similar risk attributes to equities. However, like
privately placed limited partnerships their tax treatment is under a different tax regime from equities.
You should speak to your tax adviser about their tax treatment.
Options Contracts: Options are complex securities that involve risks and are not suitable for
everyone. Option trading can be speculative in nature and carry substantial risk of loss. It is generally
recommended that you only invest in options with risk capital. An option is a contract that gives the
buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specific price on or before
a certain date (the "expiration date"). The two types of options are calls and puts:
A call gives the holder the right to buy an asset at a certain price within a specific period. Calls are like
having a long position on a stock. Buyers of calls hope that the stock will increase substantially before
the option expires.
A put gives the holder the right to sell an asset at a certain price within a specific period. Puts are very
similar to having a short position on a stock. Buyers of puts hope that the price of the stock will fall
before the option expires.
Selling options are more complicated and can be even riskier.
The option trading risks pertaining to options buyers are:
• Risk of losing your entire investment in a relatively short period of time.
• The risk of losing your entire investment increases if, as expiration nears, the stock is below the
strike price of the call (for a call option) or if the stock is higher than the strike price of the put
(for a put option).
• European style options which do not have secondary markets on which to sell the options prior
to expiration can only realize their value upon expiration.
• Specific exercise provisions of a specific option contract may create risks.
• Regulatory agencies may impose exercise restrictions, which stops you from realizing value.
The option trading risks pertaining to options sellers are:
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• Options sold may be exercised at any time before expiration.
• Covered Call traders forgo the right to profit when the underlying stock rises above the strike
price of the call options sold and continue to risk a loss due to a decline in the underlying
stock.
• Writers of Naked Calls risk unlimited losses if the underlying stock rises.
• Writers of Naked Puts risk substantial losses if the underlying stock drops.
• Writers of naked positions run margin risks if the position goes into significant losses. Such
risks may include liquidation by the broker.
• Writers of call options could lose more money than a short seller of that stock could on the
same rise on that underlying stock. This is an example of how the leverage in options can work
against the option trader.
• Writers of Naked Calls are obligated to deliver shares of the underlying stock if those call
options are exercised.
• Call options can be exercised outside of market hours such that effective remedy actions
cannot be performed by the writer of those options.
• Writers of stock options are obligated under the options that they sold even if a trading market
is not available or that they are unable to perform a closing transaction.
• The value of the underlying stock may surge or decline unexpectedly, leading to automatic
exercises.
Other option trading risks are:
• The complexity of some option strategies is a significant risk on its own.
• Option trading exchanges or markets and option contracts themselves are always open to
changes.
• Options markets have the right to halt the trading of any options, thus preventing investors from
realizing value.
• Risk of erroneous reporting of exercise value.
•
If an options brokerage firm goes insolvent, investors trading through that firm may be affected.
•
Internationally traded options have special risks due to timing across borders.
Risks that are not specific to options trading include market risk, sector risk and individual stock risk.
Option trading risks are closely related to stock risks, as stock options are a derivative of stocks.
Private Placements: A private placement (nonpublic offering) is an illiquid security sold to qualified
investors and is not publicly traded nor registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Risk: Private placements generally carry a higher degree of risk due to illiquidity. Most securities
that are acquired in a private placement will be restricted securities and must be held for an
extended amount of time and therefore cannot be sold easily. The range of risks is dependent on
the nature of the partnership and are disclosed in the offering documents.
Digital Assets: Generally, refers to an asset that is issued and/or transferred using distributed ledger
or blockchain technology, including, "virtual currencies (also known as crypto currencies)," "coins," and
"tokens". We may invest in and/or advise clients on the purchase or sale of digital assets. This advice
or investment may be in actual digital coins/tokens/currencies or via investment vehicles such as
exchange traded funds (ETFs) or separately managed accounts (SMAs). The investment
characteristics of Digital Assets generally differ from those of traditional securities, currencies, and
commodities. Digital Assets are not backed by a central bank or a national, international organization,
any hard assets, human capital, or other form of credit and are relatively new to the marketplace.
Rather, Digital Assets are market-based: a Digital Asset's value is determined by (and fluctuates often,
according to) supply and demand factors, its adoption in the traditional commerce channels, and/or the
value that various market participants place on it through their mutual agreement or transactions. The
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lack of history for these types of investments entail certain unknown risks, are very speculative and are
not appropriate for all investors.
Price Volatility of Digital Assets Risk: A principal risk in trading Digital Assets is the rapid
fluctuation of market price. The value of client portfolios relates in part to the value of the Digital
Assets held in the client portfolio and fluctuations in the price of Digital Assets could adversely
affect the value of a client's portfolio. There is no guarantee that a client will be able to achieve a
better than average market price for Digital Assets or will purchase Digital Assets at the most
favorable price available. The price of Digital Assets achieved by a client may be affected
generally by a wide variety of complex factors such as supply and demand; availability and
access to Digital Asset service providers (such as payment processors), exchanges, miners or
other Digital Asset users and market participants; perceived or actual security vulnerability; and
traditional risk factors including inflation levels; fiscal policy; interest rates; and political, natural
and economic events.
Digital Asset Service Providers Risk: Service providers that support Digital Assets and the
Digital Asset marketplace(s) may not be subject to the same regulatory and professional
oversight as traditional securities service providers. Further, there is no assurance that the
availability of and access to virtual currency service providers will not be negatively affected by
government regulation or supply and demand of Digital Assets. Accordingly, companies or
financial institutions that currently support virtual currency may not do so in the future.
Custody of Digital Assets Risk: Under the Advisers Act, SEC registered investment advisers
are required to hold securities with "qualified custodians," among other requirements. Certain
Digital Assets may be deemed to be securities. Some Digital Assets do not currently fall under the
SEC definition of security and therefore many of the companies providing Digital Assets custodial
services fall outside of the SEC's definition of "qualified custodian". Accordingly, clients seeking to
purchase actual digital coins/tokens/currencies may need to use non-qualified custodians to hold
all or a portion of their Digital Assets.
Government Oversight of Digital Assets Risk: Regulatory agencies and/or the constructs
responsible for oversight of Digital Assets or a Digital Asset network may not be fully developed
and subject to change. Regulators may adopt laws, regulations, policies, or rules directly or
indirectly affecting Digital Assets their treatment, transacting, custody, and valuation.
Item 9 Disciplinary Information
We are required to disclose the facts of any legal or disciplinary events that are material to a client's
evaluation of our advisory business or the integrity of our management. We do not have any required
disclosures under this item.
Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
We have not provided information on other financial industry activities and affiliations because we do
not have any relationship or arrangement that is material to our advisory business or to our clients with
any of the types of entities listed below.
1. broker-dealer, municipal securities dealer, or government securities dealer or broker.
2. investment company or other pooled investment vehicle (including a mutual fund, closed-end
investment company, unit investment trust, private investment company or "hedge fund," and
offshore fund).
3. other investment adviser or financial planner.
4. futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, or commodity trading adviser.
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5. banking or thrift institution.
6. accountant or accounting firm.
7. lawyer or law firm.
8. insurance company or agency.
9. pension consultant.
10. real estate broker or dealer; and/or
11. sponsor or syndicator of limited partnerships.
Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading
Description of Our Code of Ethics
We strive to comply with applicable laws and regulations governing our practices. Therefore, our Code
of Ethics includes guidelines for professional standards of conduct for people associated with our firm.
Our goal is to always protect your interests and to demonstrate our commitment to our fiduciary duties
of honesty, good faith, and fair dealing with you. All people associated with our firm are expected to
adhere strictly to these guidelines. People associated with our firm are also required to report any
violations of our Code of Ethics. Additionally, we maintain and enforce written policies reasonably
designed to prevent the misuse or dissemination of material, non-public information about you or your
account holdings by people associated with our firm.
Clients or prospective clients may obtain a copy of our Code of Ethics by contacting us at the
telephone number on the cover page of this brochure.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
Neither our firm nor any persons associated with our firm have any material financial interest in client
transactions beyond the provision of investment advisory services as disclosed in this brochure.
Personal Trading Practices
Our firm or people associated with our firm may buy or sell the same securities that we recommend to
you or securities in which you are already invested. A conflict of interest exists in such cases because
we can trade ahead of you and potentially receive more favorable prices than you will receive. To
mitigate this conflict of interest, it is our policy that neither our firm nor people associated with our firm
will have priority over your account in the purchase or sale of securities.
Aggregated Trading
Our firm or people associated with our firm may buy or sell securities for you at the same time we or
persons associated with our firm buy or sell such securities for our own account. We may also combine
our orders to purchase securities with your orders to purchase securities ("aggregated trading"). Refer
to the Brokerage Practices section in this brochure for information on our aggregated trading practices.
A conflict of interest exists in such cases because we can trade ahead of you and potentially receive
more favorable prices than you will receive. To eliminate this conflict of interest, it is our policy that
neither our firm nor people associated with our firm shall have priority over your account in the
purchase or sale of securities.
Item 12 Brokerage Practices
The custodian and brokers we use
We do not maintain custody of your assets that we manage, although we may be deemed to have
custody of your assets if you give us authority to withdraw assets from your account (see Item 15—
Custody, below). Your assets must be maintained in an account at a "qualified custodian," generally a
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broker-dealer or bank. We recommend that our clients use Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (Schwab), a
registered broker-dealer, member SIPC, as the qualified custodian.
We are independently owned and operated and are not affiliated with Schwab. Schwab will hold your
assets in a brokerage account and buy and sell securities when [we/you] instruct them to. While we
recommend that you use Schwab as custodian/broker, you will decide whether to do so and will open
your account with Schwab by entering into an account agreement directly with them. Conflicts of
interest associated with this arrangement are described below as well as in Item 14 (Client referrals
and other compensation). You should consider these conflicts of interest when selecting your
custodian.
We do not open an account for you, although we may assist you in doing so. Even though your
account is maintained at Schwab, and we anticipate that most trades will be executed through
Schwab, we can still use other brokers to execute trades for your account as described below (see
"Your brokerage and custody costs").
How we select brokers/custodians
Our selection of custodian is based on many factors, including the level of services provided, the
custodian's financial stability, and the cost of services provided by the custodian to our clients, which
includes the yield on cash sweep choices, commissions, custody fees and other fees or expenses.
We seek to recommend a custodian/broker that will hold your assets and execute transactions on
terms that are, overall, the most favorable compared to other available providers and their services.
We consider various factors, including:
• Combination of transaction execution services and asset custody services (generally without a
separate fee for custody).
• Capability to buy and sell securities for your account itself or to facilitate such services.
• The likelihood that your trades will be executed.
• Availability of investment research and tools.
• Overall quality of services.
• Competitiveness of price.
• Reputation, financial strength, and stability.
• Existing relationship with our firm and our other clients.
Your brokerage and custody costs
For our clients' accounts that Schwab maintains, Schwab generally does not charge you separately for
custody services but is compensated by charging you commissions or other fees on trades that it
executes or that settle into your Schwab account. Certain trades (for example, many mutual funds and
ETFs) may not incur Schwab commissions or transaction fees. Schwab is also compensated by
earning interest on the uninvested cash in your account in Schwab's Cash Features Program.
We are not required to select the broker or dealer that charges the lowest transaction cost, even if that
broker provides execution quality comparable to other brokers or dealers.
Although we are not required to execute all trades through Schwab, we have determined that having
Schwab execute most trades is consistent with our duty to seek "best execution" of your trades. Best
execution means the most favorable terms for a transaction based on all relevant factors, including
those listed above (see "How we select brokers/custodians"). By using another broker or dealer you
may pay lower transaction costs.
Products and services available to us from Schwab
Schwab Advisor Services™ is Schwab's business serving independent investment advisory firms like
us. They provide us and our clients with access to their institutional brokerage services (trading,
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custody, reporting, and related services), many of which are not typically available to Schwab retail
customers. However, certain retail investors may be able to get institutional brokerage services from
Schwab without going through us.
Schwab also makes available various support services. Some of those services help us manage or
administer our clients' accounts, while others help us manage and grow our business. Schwab's
support services are generally available on an unsolicited basis (we don't have to request them) and at
no charge to us. Following is a more detailed description of Schwab's support services:
Services that benefit you. Schwab's institutional brokerage services include access to a broad range
of investment products, execution of securities transactions, and custody of client assets. The
investment products available through Schwab include some to which we might not otherwise have
access or that would require a significantly higher minimum initial investment by our
clients. Schwab's services described in this paragraph generally benefit you and your account.
Services that do not directly benefit you. Schwab also makes available to us other products and
services that benefit us but do not directly benefit you or your account. These products and services
assist us in managing and administering our clients' accounts and operating our firm. They include
investment research, both Schwab's own and that of third parties. We use this research to service all
or a substantial number of our clients' accounts, including accounts not maintained at Schwab. In
addition to investment research, Schwab also makes available software and other technology that:
• Provide access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account
statements)
• Facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts
• Provide pricing and other market data
• Facilitate payment of our fees from our clients' accounts
• Assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping, and client reporting
Services that generally benefit only us. Schwab also offers other services intended to help us manage
and further develop our business enterprise. These services include:
• Educational conferences and events
• Consulting on technology and business needs
• Consulting on legal and related compliance needs
• Publications and conferences on practice management and business succession
• Access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants, and insurance providers
• Marketing consulting and support
Schwab provides some of these services itself. In other cases, it will arrange for third-party vendors to
provide the services to us. Schwab also discounts or waives its fees for some of these services or pays
all or a part of a third party's fees. Schwab also provides us with other benefits, such as occasional
business entertainment for our personnel. If you did not maintain your account with Schwab, we would
be required to pay for these services from our own resources.
Our Interest in Schwab's Services
The availability of these services from Schwab benefits us because we do not have to produce or
purchase them. We don't have to pay for Schwab's services. These services are not contingent upon
us committing any specific amount of business to Schwab in trading commissions or assets in
custody. The fact that we receive these benefits from Schwab is an incentive for us to recommend
the use of Schwab rather than making such a decision based exclusively on your interest in receiving
the best value in custody services and the most favorable execution of your transactions. This is a
conflict of interest. We believe, however, that taken in the aggregate, our recommendation/use of
Schwab as custodian and broker is in the best interests of our clients. Our selection is primarily
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supported by the scope, quality, and price of Schwab's services (see "How we select brokers/
custodians") and not Schwab's services that benefit only us.
Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits
We do not have any soft dollar arrangements.
Economic Benefits
As a registered investment adviser, we have access to the institutional platform of your account
custodian. As such, we will also have access to research products and services from your account
custodian and/or other brokerage firms. These products may include financial publications, information
about companies and industries, research software, and other products or services that provide lawful
and appropriate assistance to our firm in the performance of our investment decision- making
responsibilities. Such research products and services are provided to all investment advisers that
utilize the institutional services platforms of these firms and are not considered to be paid for with soft
dollars. However, you should be aware that the commissions charged by a particular broker for a
particular transaction or set of transactions may be greater than the amounts another broker who did
not provide research services or products might charge.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
We do not receive client referrals from broker-dealers in exchange for cash or other compensation,
such as brokerage services or research.
Directed Brokerage
We routinely require that you direct our firm to execute transactions through Charles Schwab. As such,
we may be unable to achieve the most favorable execution of your transactions, and you may pay
higher brokerage commissions than you might otherwise pay through another broker-dealer that offers
the same types of services. Not all advisers require their clients to direct brokerage.
Aggregated Trades
We combine multiple orders for shares of the same securities purchased for discretionary advisory
accounts we manage (this practice is commonly referred to as "aggregated trading"). We will then
distribute a portion of the shares to participating accounts in a fair and equitable manner. Generally,
participating accounts will pay a fixed transaction cost regardless of the number of shares transacted.
In certain cases, each participating account pays an average price per share for all transactions and
pays a proportionate share of all transaction costs on any given day. In the event an order is only
partially filled, the shares will be allocated to participating accounts in a fair and equitable manner,
typically in proportion to the size of each client's order. Accounts owned by our firm or people
associated with our firm may participate in aggregated trading with your accounts; however, they will
not be given preferential treatment.
We do not aggregate trades for non-discretionary accounts. Accordingly, non-discretionary accounts
may pay different costs than discretionary accounts pay. If you enter into non-discretionary
arrangements with our firm, we may not be able to buy and sell the same quantities of securities for
you and you may pay higher commissions, fees, and/or transaction costs than clients who enter into
discretionary arrangements with our firm.
Mutual Fund Share Classes
Mutual funds are sold with different share classes, which carry different cost structures. Each available
share class is described in the mutual fund's prospectus. When we purchase or recommend the
purchase of mutual funds for a client, we select the share class that is deemed to be in the client's
best interest, taking into consideration the availability of advisory, institutional or retirement plan share
classes, initial and ongoing share class costs, transaction costs (if any), tax implications, and other
factors. We also review the mutual funds held in accounts that come under our management to
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determine whether a more beneficial share class is available, considering cost, tax implications, and
the impact of contingent or deferred sales charges.
Item 13 Review of Accounts
Michael D. Clark, Founder, will monitor your accounts on an ongoing basis and will conduct account
reviews at least quarterly, to ensure the advisory services provided to you are consistent with your
investment needs and objectives. Additional reviews may be conducted based on various
circumstances, including, but not limited to:
• contributions and withdrawals
• year-end tax planning
• market moving events
• security specific events; and/or
• changes in your risk/return objectives.
The individuals conducting reviews may vary from time to time, as personnel join or leave our firm.
We will provide you with additional or regular written reports in conjunction with account reviews.
Reports we provide to you will contain relevant account and/or market-related information such as an
inventory of account holdings and account performance, etc. You will receive trade confirmations and
monthly or quarterly statements from your account custodian(s).
Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation
As disclosed under the Fees and Compensation section in this brochure, some people providing
investment advice on behalf of our firm are also independent licensed insurance producers. For
information on the conflicts of interest this presents, and how we address these conflicts, refer to the
Fees and Compensation section in Item 5 above.
We directly compensate non-employee (outside) consultants, individuals, and/or entities (promoters)
for client referrals. To receive a cash referral fee from us, promoters must comply with the
requirements of the jurisdictions in which they operate. If you were referred to us by a promoter, you
should have received a copy of this brochure along with the promoter's disclosure statement at the
time of the referral.
If you become a client because of a referral from Nerd Wallet, you will not pay additional fees because
of this referral arrangement. Referral fees paid to Nerd Wallet are not contingent upon your entering
into an advisory agreement with us. However, Nerd Wallet has a financial incentive to recommend us
to you for advisory services as they are compensated based upon a flat membership fee per month for
providing referrals for potential clients. This creates a conflict of interest; however, you are not
obligated to retain us for advisory services. Comparable services and/or lower fees may be available
through other firms.
Upon commencing any solicitation activity for a prospective client, Nerd Wallet will provide the
prospective client by way of the online-listing of the IAR with a written disclosure statement
("Disclosure Document") required by Investment Advisers Act Rule 206(4)-1(b). Through the use of the
Disclosure Document, Nerd Wallet will clearly and prominently disclose to each customer at the time
the endorsement is disseminated that: a) Nerd Wallet is not a current client of Clark Wealth Partners or
any of the Investment Adviser's representatives; b) cash or non-cash compensation, as applicable, will
be provided to Nerd Wallet for the endorsement; and c) brief statement of any material conflicts of
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interest on part of Nerd Wallet due to the relationship with Clark Wealth Partners. In addition, Nerd
Wallet should disseminate to each prospective client at the time the endorsement is disseminated: (i)
the material terms of any compensation arrangement provided or to be provided, directly or indirectly,
to Nerd Wallet for the endorsement; and (ii) a description of any material conflicts of interest on the
part of Nerd Wallet resulting from the Investment Adviser's relationship with Nerd Wallet and/or any
compensation arrangement. If you have any questions or require additional information our contact
information is located on the cover page of this brochure.
Promoters that refer business to more than one investment adviser may have a financial incentive to
recommend advisers with more favorable compensation arrangements. We request that our promoters
disclose to you whether multiple referral relationships exist and that comparable services may be
available from other advisers for lower fees and/or where the promoter's compensation is less favorable.
Item 15 Custody
Your independent custodian will directly debit your account(s) for the payment of our advisory fees.
This ability to deduct our advisory fees from your accounts causes our firm to exercise limited custody
over your funds or securities. We do not have physical custody of any of your funds and/or securities.
Your funds and securities will be held with a bank, broker-dealer, or other qualified custodian. You will
receive account statements from the qualified custodian(s) holding your funds and securities at least
quarterly. The account statements from your custodian(s) will indicate the amount of our advisory fees
deducted from your account(s) each billing period. You should carefully review account statements for
accuracy.
Wire Transfer and/or Standing Letter of Authorization
Our firm, or people associated with our firm, may effect transfers from client accounts to one or more
third parties designated, in writing, by the client without obtaining written client consent for each
separate, individual transaction, if the client has provided us with written authorization to do so. Such
written authorization is known as a Standing Letter of Authorization. An adviser with authority to
conduct such third-party transfers has access to the client's assets and therefore has custody of the
client's assets in any related accounts.
However, we do not have to obtain a surprise annual audit, as we otherwise would be required to by
reason of having custody, if we meet the following criteria:
1. You provide a written, signed instruction to the qualified custodian that includes the third party's
name and address or account number at a custodian.
2. You authorize us in writing to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or
from time to time.
3. Your qualified custodian verifies your authorization (e.g., signature review) and provides a
transfer of funds notice to you promptly after each transfer.
4. You can terminate or change the instruction.
5. We have no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the third party, the address,
or any other information about the third party.
6. We maintain records showing that the third party is not a related party to us nor located at the
same address as us; and
7. Your qualified custodian sends you, in writing, an initial notice confirming the instruction and an
annual notice reconfirming the instruction.
Item 16 Investment Discretion
Before we can buy or sell securities on your behalf, you must first sign our discretionary management
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agreement and the appropriate trading authorization forms.
You may grant our firm discretion over the selection and amount of securities to be purchased or sold
for your account(s) without obtaining your consent or approval prior to each transaction. You may
specify investment objectives, guidelines, and/or impose certain conditions or investment parameters
for your account(s). For example, you may specify that the investment in any stock or industry should
not exceed specified percentages of the value of the portfolio and/or restrictions or prohibitions of
transactions in the securities of a specific industry or security. Refer to the Advisory Business section
in this brochure for more information on our discretionary management services.
Item 17 Voting Client Securities
We will not vote proxies on behalf of your advisory accounts. At your request, we may offer you advice
regarding corporate actions and the exercise of your proxy voting rights. If you own shares of
applicable securities, you are responsible for exercising your right to vote as a shareholder.
In most cases, you will receive proxy materials directly from the account custodian. However, in the
event we were to receive any written or electronic proxy materials, we would forward them directly to
you by mail, unless you have authorized our firm to contact you by electronic mail, in which case, we
would forward any electronic solicitations to vote proxies.
Item 18 Financial Information
Our firm does not have any financial condition or impairment that would prevent us from meeting our
contractual commitments to you. We do not take physical custody of client funds or securities, or serve
as trustees or signatories for client accounts, and we do not require the prepayment of more than
$1,200 in fees six or more months in advance. Therefore, we are not required to include a financial
statement with this brochure.
We have not filed a bankruptcy petition at any time in the past ten years.
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