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March 23, 2025
CONVOY
Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure
Convoy Investments, LLC
102 Fairhill Dr
Wilmington, DE 19808
Email: ir@convoyinvestments.com
Phone: (302) 319-3659
Website: www.convoyinvestments.com
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Convoy Investments,
LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at (302)319-3659.
The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and
Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about Convoy Investments, LLC also is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
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Item 2. Material Changes
This brochure dated March 19, 2025 (the "Brochure"), was last updated on March 8, 2024.
Convoy's asset under management is changed from $186 million as of 12/31/2023 to approximately $218
million as of 12/31/2024.
Convoy is currently retaining a subject matter expert consultant, currently Dr. Leonidas Tam, to support our
AI strategy.
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Item 3. Table of Contents
Page
Item 2. Material Changes ........................................................................................................................... ii
Item 3. Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... 1
Item 4. Advisory Business .......................................................................................................................... 3
Structure; History and Ownership ........................................................................................................ 3
Types of Advisory Services .................................................................................................................... 3
Assets Under Management ................................................................................................................... 4
Item 5. Fees and Compensation ................................................................................................................ 4
Fees .......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Expenses .................................................................................................................................................. 5
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management ........................................................ 6
Item 7. Types of Clients .............................................................................................................................. 6
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss .................................................. 6
Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies ................................................................................. 6
Investment Strategy ........................................................................................................................... 6
Risk Management ............................................................................................................................... 7
Risks Associated with Our Investment Strategy ................................................................................. 7
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations .............................................................. 14
Material Financial Industry Affiliations of the Firm .......................................................................... 14
Conflicts of Interest .............................................................................................................................. 14
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading ..... 16
Code of Ethics........................................................................................................................................ 16
Interested Transactions ....................................................................................................................... 16
Item 12. Brokerage Practices .................................................................................................................. 17
Selection of Brokers ............................................................................................................................. 17
Soft Dollars ............................................................................................................................................ 18
Aggregation of Orders.......................................................................................................................... 18
Item 13. Review of Accounts ................................................................................................................... 18
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation ............................................................................. 19
Item 15. Custody ....................................................................................................................................... 19
Item 16. Investment Discretion .............................................................................................................. 19
Item 17. Voting Client Securities ............................................................................................................ 19
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Item 18. Financial Information ................................................................................................................ 20
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Item 4. Advisory Business
Structure; History and Ownership
Convoy Investments, LLC is an investment advisory firm with its principal place of business in Wilmington,
Delaware. Convoy Investments, LLC will be referred to in this brochure as “Convoy,” “we,” or the “firm.”
The firm is organized as a Delaware limited liability company. We commenced business in 2013, and we are
registered as an investment adviser with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) during the first
quarter of 2015. Convoy is registered as a commodity pool operator (CPO) with the U.S. Commodity
Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) during the first quarter of 2018.
The firm has no employees other than its two owners, Howard Wang and Robert (Wenquan) Wu. We also
retain a subject matter expert consultant, currently Leonidas Tam, who supports our AI strategy
Types of Advisory Services
We provide investment advisory services to private investment funds (referred to in this brochure as “the
funds,” including both current and future funds) in our capacity as general partner or investment adviser. In
addition, we provide advisory services to pooled investment vehicles (referred to in this brochure as “pooled
investment vehicles”). We also offer investment advisory services to separately managed accounts (referred
to in this brochure as “the separate accounts”). The funds, pooled investment vehicles, and separate
accounts to which we provide investment advisory services are collectively referred to in this brochure as
“the accounts.”
The private investment funds to which we currently provide investment advisory services are Convoy
Funds, L.P. (“Convoy Funds”), Convoy Plus Fund, L.P. (“Convoy Plus Fund”), and Convoy AI Fund, L.P.
(“Convoy AI Fund”), all of which are Delaware limited partnerships.
We expect to provide investment advisory services to more private investment funds in the future. The
funds may differ in the amount of leverage they employ and the types of investors to whom they are offered.
Convoy may, at its discretion, form an offshore sister fund to Convoy Funds and/or Convoy Plus Fund in the
future to be managed by the firm or an affiliate. Further, we may, at our sole discretion, elect to have Convoy
Funds or Convoy Plus Fund, and any offshore sister fund invest jointly through a third affiliated entity in
what is commonly termed a master-feeder investment structure.
The funds offer securities to investors only through private placements of such securities. The detailed
terms applicable to investors in the funds are described in the funds’ offering memorandum.
In addition to the funds, we also offer our investment advisory services to certain institutional investors and
high net worth individuals on a separately managed account basis. Such arrangements are governed by the
investment advisory agreement between us and each separate account client.
Convoy also provides sub-advisory services to third-party investment advisers and broker-dealers, either
through fund accounts or separate accounts. The two pooled investment vehicles to which we currently
provide sub-advisory services are Convoy Funds Asia, L.P. and Convoy AI Asia Limited Partnership Fund.
Convoy Funds specializes in long-term globally diversified investment strategies. Through quantitative
analysis and proprietary models, the firm endeavors to create a diversified asset allocation with the goal of
generating superior risk-adjusted returns while minimizing fees, taxes, and trading costs. We invest in a
wide spectrum of securities and instruments based on our global macro research as well as our proprietary
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models. We may utilize varying levels of leverage on behalf of our clients to achieve various target risk
levels. Certain funds may utilize high levels of leverage.
Convoy AI Fund aims to identify medium to long-term global artificial intelligence related opportunities. The
Fund collects data on various companies, industries, and economic trends, then analyze them using
proprietary methodologies. Through both quantitative and qualitative analysis, the Fund endeavours to
create investment strategies with the goal of generating superior returns. The Fund invests in a spectrum of
securities and instruments based on the Investment Adviser's equity research as well as proprietary models
focused on the Artificial Intelligence field. As a result, the strategy by nature high risk there is potential for
large losses. As part of the hedging and risk management process, we may utilize a variety of techniques and
investment securities, including leverage, futures, options and debt instruments
The investment strategies we employ on behalf of the funds and the separate accounts are described in
greater detail below in tem 8 and in the offering documents of the funds. We typically we do not tailor the
strategy to the needs of individual fund investors or separate account clients. However, in certain limited
circumstances, we may agree with particular fund investors or separate account clients that they will not
participate in certain investments made by the funds in which they are invested or that would otherwise be
purchased for their account pursuant to the strategies. Further, varying account sizes may require us to
implement our strategy using different instruments.
In addition to investment advices to the funds and separately manage accounts, Convoy also provides
strategic advice on private investments, market outlook, and overall portfolio. Depending on client’s need,
Convoy offers to track and distribute monthly reporting and commentary on Client overall portfolios.
Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2024 Convoy managed approximately $218 million of client assets on a discretionary
basis and no client assets on a non-discretionary basis.
Item 5. Fees and Compensation
Fees
The management fees for Convoy Funds, LP are based on a percentage of the fund’s assets Convoy is
managing at the beginning of every quarter. Accordingly, the fund’s quarterly investment management fee is
0.3125% (1.25% annually). We bill our management fees on a quarterly basis, at the end of each quarter. The
details of how the fees are calculated for the funds can be found in their respective organizational and
offering documents, which are provided to potential investors.
The management fee rate for separate account clients is determined on an account by account basis. The
details of how the fees are calculated for the separate accounts are included in the investment advisory
agreement for each such separate account.
As noted above, management fees incurred by the funds and separate accounts are typically payable at the
end of each quarter. Fund investors will be subject a pro-rated management fee with respect to any
subscription to a fund made other than at the beginning of a quarter or withdrawal/redemption made from a
fund other than at the end of a quarter based upon the portion of the quarter for which the assets were
invested. Separate account clients will typically also be subject to a pro-rated management fee with respect
to partial-period investments based upon the portion of the quarter for which the assets were invested.
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There are no management fees for Convoy AI Fund, L.P. An annual performance fee of 20% is charged, billed
at the end of each year. The details of how the fees are calculated for the funds can be found in their
respective organizational and offering documents, which are provided to potential investors
Certain funds and separately managed accounts pay performance based compensation to the General
Partner. The performance based compensation (“Incentive Allocation”) will be determined for each Investor
at the end of each “Performance Calculation Period” (generally, each calendar year), subject to a “high water
mark”. Additional details about the mechanics of calculating and charging the Incentive Allocation and
details regarding the varying Incentive allocation are set forth in Convoy’s offering documents and
investment advisory agreements.
The fees described above are our typical fee rates. However, each fund has the right to enter into
agreements with one or more of its investors providing for the waiver or modification of certain terms of the
offering of fund interests, or certain rights and obligations of fund investors, including fees, otherwise
applicable to such interest(s), in each case without notice to the other fund investors. Under certain
circumstances we have the right to agree to different fee terms from those described above for particular
separate account clients.
The fees payable by the funds are generally deducted from the assets of the funds and paid to us or
reallocated from the capital accounts of investors and into our capital account. Fund investors may also
elect to be billed separately. Our fees from the separate accounts are typically billed separately, and clients
may direct their fees to be deducted from their investment accounts. In the case where Convoy serves as a
sub-advisor, Convoy may deduct the assets from the client’s account as instructed and agreed upon.
Expenses
Each fund pays, or reimburses us or the fund’s administrator for, all operating expenses and other costs of
the fund that we are not required to bear including, but not limited to:
accounting and auditing fees, including
•
tax return preparation costs, relating to the fund’s accountants,
o
fees of bookkeepers and
o
related services;
o
legal fees and expenses;
•
•
fees (including legal fees) or assessments in connection with any regulatory registrations,
qualifications or approvals of the fund or us that we deem appropriate in connection with the
activities of the fund;
the cost of preparation and distribution of reports and statements to investors; and
•
•
all trading expenses and transaction costs, including brokerage commissions and expenses relating
to short sales, clearing and settlement charges, interest on loans and debit balances, margin
interest, broker service fees and other clearing and custodial expenses.
We may elect to bear some of the organizational expenses of the funds as we deem appropriate.
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Separate account clients will generally be responsible for all custodial fees, brokerage commissions, clearing
fees, interest and withholding or transfer taxes incurred in connection with trading for the account of the
separate account, and our fees as described above.
As we consider appropriate, we may invest a portion of a fund’s or separate account’s assets in one or more
money market funds, mutual funds or exchange-traded funds. When any such investments are made, the
funds or separate account client will be paying, in addition to the compensation payable to us, the funds or
separate account’s proportionate share of any management fees charged by the manager of such money
market fund or mutual fund.
A description of the brokerage and other transaction costs that will be borne by the funds and separate
accounts are described in more detail in Item 12 (Brokerage Practices) in this brochure.
Neither Convoy nor any of its supervised persons accepts compensation for the sale of securities or other
investment products, including asset-based sales charges or service fees from the sale of mutual funds.
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
Certain Clients pay us performance-based fees. The variability inherent in the various fee structures can
present the potential for conflicts of interest. For example, the company may be incentivized to choose
more risk and more speculative investments that may favor a performance-fee paying clients over clients
that pays fixed fees. We manage this conflict of interest through our internal review processes and strict
oversight on risk controls. While the procedures may depend on the specific portfolios risk, return, and
other investment characteristics, the procedures are designed to guard against intentionally favoring one
client over another.
Item 7. Types of Clients
We generally provide investment advice to private investment funds and institutional separate accounts.
The types of investors in the funds we currently advise generally include individual accredited investors.
Currently or in the future, the types of investors in any funds we manage may include pension and profit
sharing plans; trusts, estates and charitable organizations; funds of hedge funds (whether organized as
partnerships, corporations or other entity types), high net worth individuals and family offices.
We currently have a few separately managed account clients. There is no minimum size for separate
accounts that we advise. The funds have a minimum initial investment amount of $500,000, the amount of
which may be reduced or waived by Convoy.
Convoy also serves as sub-advisor to other investment advisor/broker dealers.
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
Investment Strategy
Convoy Funds, LP’s primary investment strategy’s objective is capital appreciation over time. We employ a
globally diversified investment strategy on behalf of the accounts with the goal of delivering a relatively
stable return stream while minimizing fees, taxes and trading costs. Our investment strategy is based on the
idea that disciplined diversification across various asset classes globally can produce positive returns. Our
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proprietary model forecasts the long-term return, risk and correlation characteristics of various asset
categories across the globe. We then attempt to create a portfolio optimized for diversification across asset
categories and countries.
Convoy AI Fund aims to identify medium to long-term global artificial intelligence related opportunities. The
Fund collects data on various companies, industries, and economic trends, then analyze them using
proprietary methodologies. Through both quantitative and qualitative analysis, the Fund endeavours to
create investment strategies with the goal of generating superior returns.
Convoy implements its investment strategies on behalf of the accounts through the use of various
instruments, including but not limited to, publicly-traded securities, derivatives, currencies and options.
While we primarily invest account assets in long financial assets, our investment strategy does include some
short selling, primarily for hedging purposes. In the interest of both preserving capital and taking advantage
of profit opportunities, we retain the flexibility to invest in other asset types and use a broad range of
investment techniques. Further, Convoy may utilize varying levels of leverage on behalf of our clients to
achieve various target risk levels. Certain funds may utilize high levels of leverage.
The net market exposure of each fund and separate account (each such fund or separate account will be
referred to in this section as an “account”) may vary significantly depending on our assessment of shifting
economic and market conditions as well as particular long and short investing opportunities. We may, from
time to time, cause an account to hold all or a portion of its assets in cash or cash equivalents when
opportunities are limited or in other circumstances we deem appropriate.
Our investment strategy inherently involves certain significant risks. There can be no assurance that our
investment objective will be realized or that any account will be profitable in the future. See the section
titled “Risks Associated with Our Investment Strategy” below.
Risk Management
We apply risk controls in the management of accounts’ portfolios. We use a variety of ongoing risk
management policies and practices, including monitoring and adjustment of portfolio exposures.
Notwithstanding the above risk management practices, our investment strategies inherently involve certain
significant risks. See the section titled “Risks Associated with Our Investment Strategy” below. Moreover, there
can be no assurance that the above practices will necessarily be applied in all cases, or if applied, will
successfully limit risk to acceptable levels.
Risks Associated with Our Investment Strategy
The investment involves risk and is suitable only for sophisticated or professional clients who can afford to
lose their entire investment. Each investor must have enough knowledge and experience to evaluate the
risks of such investments. The investment strategies described above that we use for the accounts covers a
wide range of investment types. Material risks involved in the strategy are described below.
Alternative Investing Generally. Our strategies are designed for investors seeking potential long-term
growth from alternative investments, who do not require regular current income and who can accept a high
degree of risk in their investments. In view of, among other things, the strategies’ flexibility to invest in a
wide range of securities and instruments and to use a broad variety of investment techniques, the strategies
may be deemed speculative in nature and are not intended to be a comprehensive investment program. The
strategies are intended solely for sophisticated investors who are accustomed to and fully understand the
risks of such investments.
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No assurance can be given that we will achieve our investment objective or that an account’s investment
strategy will be successful.
General Investment Risk. Convoy bases its investment approach on a combination of fundamental
understanding and quantitative analysis. Our understanding, however, may for a variety of reasons, fail to
predict future market behaviors. While we believe our strategies would generate superior long-term risk
adjusted returns, investors should be prepared to experience significant short-term volatility and
fluctuations in the value of their investments. Further, investments in financial instruments are subject to
unpredictable market forces, and risk permanent loss of capital during sudden changes (e.g., a market crash).
Concentration of Investments. The accounts’ investment portfolios may, at Convoy’s discretion, be
confined to relatively few instruments or issuers. There will be no fixed limits regarding concentration as to
industries, industry sectors or types of investments. Any concentration necessarily increases the degree of
exposure to a variety of market risks. By concentrating investments in a small number of investments
relative to capital, a loss in any such position could materially reduce an account’s performance or asset
base, to the extent not offset by other gains.
Short Selling. The firm mostly uses short selling as a hedge or offset to related long positions, although we
may also use short selling speculatively at our discretion. Short selling inherently involves certain additional
risks. Selling securities short creates the risk of losing an amount greater than the initial investment in a
relatively short period of time and the theoretically unlimited risk of an increase in the market price of the
securities sold short. There is also the risk that the securities borrowed by an account in connection with a
short sale would need to be returned to the securities lender on short notice. If the request for return of
securities occurs at a time when other short sellers of the security are receiving similar requests, a “short
squeeze” can occur, and the account might be compelled, at the most disadvantageous time, to replace
borrowed securities previously sold short with purchases on the open market, possibly at prices significantly
in excess of the proceeds received earlier. In addition, short selling can involve significant borrowing and
other costs which can reduce the profit or create losses in particular positions.
Market Volatility. The profitability of the accounts will depend primarily on our understanding of the
market. While we believe that the strategies would be profitable in the long run, market volatility can lead to
significant short-term losses. There can be no assurance that our investment strategies, including its
hedging techniques, or other investment strategies or techniques, will be effective in protecting the
accounts from such price volatility.
Illiquid Positions. While we normally will trade only instruments that have sufficient liquidity to enable the
accounts to enter and close out positions without causing extreme price movements, there is no assurance
that intervening events, such as an exchange or the CFTC suspending trading in a particular futures
contract, ordering immediate liquidation or settlement of a particular futures contract or ordering that
trading in a particular futures contract be conducted for liquidation only, will not render an once liquid asset
illiquid.
In addition, most United States commodity exchanges limit the amount by which certain commodity
interests may move during a single day by regulations referred to as “daily price fluctuation limits” or “daily
limits.” Pursuant to such regulations, no trades may be executed on any given day at prices beyond the daily
limits. The price of a futures contract has occasionally moved the daily limit for several consecutive days
with little or no trading, thereby effectively preventing a party from liquidating his/her position. While the
occurrence of such events may reduce or effectively eliminate the liquidity of a particular market, they do
not limit ultimate losses, and may in fact substantially increase losses because of this inability to liquidate
unfavorable positions. In addition, if there is little or no trading in a particular futures contract that the we
are trading, whether such illiquidity is caused by any of the above reasons or otherwise, we may be unable to
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execute trades at favorable prices and/or may be unable or unwilling to liquidate its position prior to its
expiration date, thereby requiring the accounts to make or take delivery of the underlying interest.
Leverage; Interest Rates; Margin. As discussed above, we utilize vary level of leverage on behalf of the
accounts, primarily for investment purposes to increase investment positions or to make additional
investments. Certain funds may utilize high levels of leverage. Leverage may be employed by means of
conventional margin arrangements, or through options, futures, swaps, forwards and other derivative
instruments.
While leverage (including the use of derivatives) presents opportunities for increasing an account’s total
return, it has the effect of potentially increasing losses as well. Accordingly, any event that adversely affects
the value of an investment, either directly or indirectly, could be magnified to the extent that leverage is
employed. The effect of the use of leverage by the accounts in a market that moves adversely to the
investments of the entity employing the leverage, could result in a loss to an account that would be greater
than if leverage were not employed by the account. In addition, to the extent that an account borrows funds,
the interest cost at which the account can borrow will affect the operating results of the account. The use of
leverage in accounts organized as partnerships may result in certain investors, such as tax-exempt
organizations, employee benefit plans and individual retirement accounts, recognizing “unrelated business
taxable income” for Federal income tax purposes.
The use of short-term margin borrowings by the accounts may result in certain additional risks to the
accounts. For example, should the securities that are pledged to brokers to secure an account’s margin
accounts decline in value, or should brokers from which the account has borrowed increase their
maintenance margin requirements (i.e., reduce the percentage of a position that can be financed), then an
account could be subject to a “margin call”, pursuant to which the account must either deposit additional
funds with the broker or suffer mandatory liquidation of the pledged securities to compensate for the
decline in value. The broker will typically have the right to liquidate an account’s portfolio in certain
circumstances. In the event of a precipitous drop in the value of the assets of the account, the account might
not be able to liquidate assets quickly enough to pay off the margin debt and might suffer mandatory
liquidation of positions in a declining market at relatively low prices. Similar risks may arise in connection
with longer-term borrowings and certain derivative transactions.
Options. We may utilize options in furtherance of our investment strategies for both speculative and
hedging purposes. Options positions may include long positions, where an account is the holder of put or call
options, as well as short positions, where an account is the seller (writer) of an option. Although option
techniques can increase investment return, they can also involve a relatively higher level of risk. The writing
(selling) of uncovered options involves a theoretically unlimited risk of a price increase or decline, as the
case may be, in the underlying security. The expiration of unexercised long option positions effectively
results in loss of the entire cost or premium paid for the option. Option premium costs, as well as the cost of
covering options written by an account, can reduce or eliminate position profits or create losses as well. An
account’s ability to close out its position as a purchaser of an exchange listed option is dependent upon the
existence of a liquid secondary market on option exchanges. On occasion we may also utilize options,
particularly in foreign markets, which may have limited liquidity.
The seller (“writer”) of a call option which is covered assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the
underlying security or other instrument below the purchase price of the underlying instrument, less the
amount of premium received by the seller, and forgoes the opportunity for gain on the underlying
instrument above the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing its
entire investment (the premium paid) in the call option. If the buyer of a call option sells short the underlying
security or other instrument, a loss on the call option itself may be offset, in whole or in part, by any gain on
the short sale of the underlying position.
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The seller (“writer”) of a put option which is covered assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of
the underlying security or other instrument above the sales price (in establishing the short position) of the
underlying instrument, plus the premium received by the seller, and forgoes the opportunity for gain on the
underlying instrument below the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a put option assumes the risk of
losing its entire investment (the premium paid) in the put option. If the buyer of a put option holds a long
position in the underlying security or other instrument, a loss on the put option itself may be offset, in whole
or in part, by any gain on the underlying position.
Derivatives. The derivatives markets are frequently characterized by limited liquidity, which can make it
difficult as well as costly to close out open positions in order to either realize gains or to limit losses.
Additionally, many derivatives are valued on the basis of dealers’ pricing of these instruments. However, the
price at which dealers value a particular derivative and the price which the same dealers would actually be
willing to pay for such derivative should an account be required to sell such position may be materially
different. Such differences may have a materially adverse effect on an account if it is required to sell
derivative instruments in order to raise funds for margin purposes or to pay withdrawals.
The pricing relationships between derivatives and the underlying instruments on which they are based may
not conform to anticipated or historical patterns, resulting in unanticipated losses.
The stability and liquidity of forwards, swaps, repurchase agreements, and other over-the-counter
derivative transactions depend in large part on the creditworthiness of the parties to the transaction. If
there is a default by the counterparty to a transaction, an account may have contractual remedies pursuant
to the agreements related to the transaction; however, exercising such contractual rights may involve
delays or costs, or may not be successful, which could adversely affect the account. It is possible that in the
event of a counterparty credit default, an account may not be able to recover all or a portion of its
investment in such derivative instrument and may be exposed to additional liability (i.e., the obligations
associated with what has become an unhedged position).
Foreign Investments. A portion of the accounts’ assets may consist of foreign investments, which may
include foreign or domestic equity or debt securities denominated in foreign currencies and/or traded
outside of the United States. Such investments require consideration of certain risks typically not associated
with investing in U.S. securities or property. Such risks include, among other things, trade balances and
imbalances and related economic policies, unfavorable currency exchange rate fluctuations, imposition of
exchange control regulation by the United States or foreign governments, United States and foreign
withholding taxes, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets, policies of governments with respect
to possible nationalization of their industries, political difficulties, including expropriation of assets,
confiscatory taxation and economic or political instability in foreign nations.
There may be less publicly available information about certain foreign companies than would be the case for
comparable companies in the United States and certain foreign companies may not be subject to accounting,
auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to or as uniform as those of United
States companies. Securities markets outside the United States, while growing in volume, have for the most
part substantially less volume than U.S. markets, and many securities traded on these foreign markets are
less liquid and their prices more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. In addition,
settlement of trades in some non U.S. markets is slower, less systematic and more subject to failure than in
U.S. markets. There also may be less extensive regulation of the securities markets in countries other than
the United States.
Transaction Execution and Costs. Although we will seek to utilize brokerage firms which will afford
superior execution capability to the accounts, there is no assurance that all of the accounts’ transactions will
be executed with optimal quality. The level of commission charges, as an expense of the accounts, may be
expected to be a factor in determining future profitability of the accounts.
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Interest Rate Risk. Accounts may be subject to interest rate risk. Generally, the value of fixed income
instruments tends to decrease when interest rate rises. We attempt to minimize the exposure of portfolios
to interest rate fluctuation, but there is no guarantee that we will be successful.
Limitations on Shorting and Hedging Strategies. We may employ certain hedging techniques, principally
short selling, directed primarily toward general market risks. Hedging against a decline in the value of a
portfolio position through short selling or other techniques does not eliminate fluctuations in the values of
portfolio positions, or prevent losses if the values of such positions decline, but establishes other positions
designed to gain from those same developments, thus moderating the decline in the overall portfolio value.
Such hedge transactions, however, also limit the opportunity for gain if the value of the portfolio position
should increase. In addition, the degree of correlation between price movements of the instruments used in
a hedging strategy and price movements in the portfolio position being hedged may vary. Insufficient
correlation between hedged and hedging positions may not only result in failing to protect the accounts
against the risks sought to be hedged but may actually increase the magnitude of overall loss in the event of
losses in the hedging positions.
For a variety of reasons, we may not seek or be able to establish a sufficiently accurate correlation between
such hedging instruments and the portfolio holdings being hedged. Moreover, we may not necessarily
endeavor to hedge the accounts’ portfolios whatsoever. As a general matter, the accounts’ portfolio will be
exposed to basic issuer risk and other risks attendant to its investment strategy and to particular positions,
which risks will not be generally hedged.
Reliance on the Convoy’s Principals. The firm shall be fully responsible for administering and operating the
affairs of the investments, including all trading decisions made for the accounts. The success of Convoy's
trading strategies is subject to the judgment and skills of the principals. There can be no assurance that the
investment decisions of the principals will be correct. Incorrect decisions or poor judgment may result in
substantial losses to accounts.
Speculative Position Limits. The regulatory bodies and certain United States exchanges have established
limits referred to as "speculative position limits" or "position limits" on the maximum net long or net short
speculative position any person or group of persons may hold, own or control in particular commodity
interests. The CFTC has jurisdiction to establish, or to cause exchanges to establish, position limits with
respect to all commodity interests traded on exchanges located in the United States, and any exchange may
impose limits on positions on that exchange. Insofar as position limits do exist, all accounts managed, owned
or controlled by the firm and its principals may be combined (i.e., aggregated) for position limit purposes.
The firm anticipates that it may receive substantial additional funds to manage in the future. It is possible
that, from time to time, our tactics may have to be modified and positions held by accounts may have to be
liquidated to avoid exceeding such limits. Such modification or liquidation, if required, could adversely affect
the operations and profitability of the accounts.
Failure of the Broker. A broker is subjected to strict “reserve” and “segregation” requirements imposed by
the SEC and the CFTC. If a broker fails to segregate a customer's funds, the customer may be subject to the
risk of loss of his/her funds on deposit with the broker in the event of the broker's bankruptcy. In addition,
under other circumstances, such as the inability of another customer of the broker or the broker itself to
satisfy substantial deficiencies in such other customer's account, a customer may be subject to the risk of
loss of his/her funds on deposit with the broker even if such funds are segregated. In the case of any such
bankruptcy or customer loss, the clients might recover, even in respect of property specifically traceable to
it (such as United States Treasury Bills), only a pro rata share of all property available for distribution to all
of the broker's customers.
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Technology Failure. Convoy employs a systematic trading approach. A failure of technology, including
security, could adversely affect a client's portfolio. The quantitative methodology reflected in the firm’s
investment strategy is based, to a substantial extent, upon the principals’ analysis of many different sources
of information and data, both current and historic. As with other quantitative trading systems, such
historical analysis may indicate probabilities of price movements or relationships which are not necessary or
inevitable or which may not necessarily recur in the future in a manner which will support a profitable
trading strategy. Future market conditions may or may not be sufficiently similar to that of prior markets to
render such a methodology effective. Stock prices in the future may reflect factors and considerations not
present in prior markets. With a quantitative investment approach, individual positions may move against
the overall portfolio, due to new information or factors not considered or duly weighted in the original
system. Moreover, the firm’s methodology also involves some elements of subjective analysis and judgment
on the part of the principals and therefore depends upon the principals’ own skill and judgment.
Overall Investment Risk. All securities investments risk the loss of capital. The nature of the securities
purchased and traded by the accounts and of the investment techniques and strategies we employ may
increase this risk. There can be no assurance that the accounts will not incur losses. Many unforeseeable
events, including, but not limited to, actions by various government agencies, such as the Federal Reserve
Board, and domestic and international economic and political developments, may cause sharp market
fluctuations which could adversely affect the accounts.
Any past successes with our investment methodology cannot assure future results. There can be no
assurance that the investments or investment techniques we employ for the accounts will achieve the
accounts’ investment objectives or that the accounts will be profitable.
THE FOREGOING RISK FACTORS ONLY RELATE TO CERTAIN RISK FACTORS IN CONNECTION WITH
THE FIRM’S INVESTMENT STRATEGY AND INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES, AND DO NOT PURPORT TO
BE ALL OF THE RISKS INVOLVED. POTENTIAL INVESTORS SHOULD READ THIS BROCHURE IN ITS
ENTIRETY AND OTHER ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS BEFORE DETERMINING WHETHER OR NOT
TO INVEST WITH CONVOY.
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Item 9. Disciplinary Information
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13
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Material Financial Industry Affiliations of the Firm
Convoy offers investment advice to both private funds and managed accounts, including serving as a sub-
advisor to other investment advisors/broker-dealer. See Item 4 (Advisory Business – Types of Advisory
Services). Item 12 (Brokerage Practices) discusses Convoy's trade aggregation and allocation policies to
minimize potential conflicts between the accounts. Convoy does not act as a broker dealer, and does not
select other investment advisers for accounts.
The firm is registered as a commodity pool operator with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission
(the “CFTC”) under the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended, and/or the rules thereunder.
Conflicts of Interest
Convoy serves as the sole investment manager of the funds and separate accounts. The funds and the
separate accounts employ similar investment strategies, which are described in Item 8 of this brochure.
In addition to the funds and our current separate account clients, we may in the future participate in or
sponsor other investment vehicles, and possibly have additional advisory accounts or clients. We may also
determine to engage in other businesses. The existence of such present and future multiple investment
vehicles and accounts, or other businesses, may create the material conflicts of interest described below.
Time Commitments. The existence of multiple investment vehicles, accounts and/or clients may create
conflicts as to time and resource commitments on the part of our principals. Our principals intend to devote
appropriate efforts to management of the funds and the separate accounts, which will involve similar
trading and monitoring responsibilities. However, should they have additional clients or other business
responsibilities, while the principals will devote such time to the business of each fund and separate account
as they deem necessary, such commitments may have the effect of reducing the time they devote to the
investment activities of the existing fund and separate accounts. We may retain additional personnel as the
principals deem necessary.
Robert is also involved in a few real estate businesses that invest in residential properties.
New Investment Strategies and Related Products. From time to time, we may determine to develop new
investment strategies, with a view toward offering new managed account or investment products to
investors. Such new investment strategies may be similar in certain or many respects to the investment
strategies we employ for existing clients, and may involve the purchase and sale of some or all of the
securities and investments which comprise the portfolios of the funds and the separate accounts. Such new
investment strategies may be “tested” by means of one or more newly established accounts or investment
funds that are initially funded by our own or our personnel’s capital. To the extent that the assets of any
such new account or investment fund remain solely attributable to us and our personnel, the account or
investment fund will be treated as a personal account of our firm and will be required to comply with our
personal account trading policy, subject to exceptions as we may determine from time to time. Such
accounts or investment funds may be expected at times to engage in purchases and sales of securities
contemporaneously with purchases and sales of the same securities by one or more of the funds and
separate accounts. In such event, it is anticipated that allocations of securities among such new accounts or
investment funds, the funds and the separate accounts will generally be made as described below, but may,
due to strategy related or other reasons, vary in our discretion. At all times, we intend to monitor the
investment activities and allocations with respect to any new accounts or investment funds, the funds and
the separate accounts and intends to operate such new accounts or investment funds in a manner that will
not negatively impact the funds and the separate accounts. At any time, we may determine to offer interests
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14
in a new investment fund to outside investors; and, at such point in time as investors that are not affiliated
with Convoy have invested capital in a new investment fund and thereafter, such new investment fund will
be treated as our client and will generally be subject to the allocations provisions set forth below.
Allocation Issues. The existence of multiple accounts that generally all invest in the same securities can
create a material conflict of interest with respect to the allocation of investment opportunities amount
accounts. We allocate investment opportunities among the accounts by applying such considerations as we
deem appropriate, including relative size of such investment vehicles, accounts and clients, amount of
available capital, size of existing positions in the same or similar securities, impact of leverage, investment
objective and strategy considerations, including, without limitation, concentration parameters and tax
considerations and other factors. As a result of such considerations, allocations among the accounts will not
necessarily be pro rata. In cases where a limited amount of a security or other instrument is available for
purchase, the allocation of such security among the accounts may necessarily reduce the amount thereof
available for purchase by the other accounts.
Although the funds, other pooled investment vehicles and the separate accounts generally invest in the
same securities, the net performance of one account may vary materially from that of other accounts as a
result of the allocation policies described above, as well as differing expenses, tax considerations, the impact
of leverage and other factors.
Balancing Transactions. Notwithstanding that the funds and the separate accounts currently all employ a
similar or substantially similar investment strategy and will generally invest and trade on a pari passu basis,
certain differences in the specific investment strategies employed (including, applicable investment
parameters, eligibility criteria with respect to various clients or investors, applicable expenses, available
capital, the relative use of leverage and other factors) may result in non-pari passu treatment of specific
accounts with respect to some or all or their investment and trading activities.
From time to time, in our discretion, we adjust (or “rebalance”) the portfolio holdings of one or more of the
accounts so as to eliminate or minimize variations among the portfolio holdings of the accounts that employ
the same or similar investment strategies or otherwise to maintain what we believe to be a desirable
portfolio composition for each of the accounts, subject to the applicable account differences described
above.
Conflicts Regarding Valuations and Other Matters. We are responsible for a variety of important matters
affecting the funds and separate accounts. Among other matters, in certain cases we determine the value of
the securities held by the accounts. Such valuation affects both reported account performance as well as the
calculation of the management fees payable to use by the accounts. Although the governing documents,
offering documents and investment advisory agreements of the accounts prescribe the method of valuing
different types of investments, which generally involve current market price information, there may be
investments as to which current or reliable market price information is unavailable, in which event we may
have discretion in determining the appropriate means of valuation. Furthermore, in the event we are
provided with, or otherwise come into possession of, information which leads us to determine that one or
more valuations of account assets for a prior period are inaccurate, where we are responsible for valuation
we may adjust or amend such prior valuations as we deem appropriate, and adjust or amend any reports or
statements of the account (whether or not previously issued) with respect to such prior periods.
Sub-advisor to Broker: Convoy provides sub-advisory services to Interactive Brokers, LLC.
This
relationship can present the potential for conflicts of interest. For example, while we have been using
Interactive Brokers, LLC as our broker several years before having them as our client, the company may be
incentivized to choose to stay with Interactive Brokers, LLC over other brokers that Convoy does not have
this relationship. We manage this conflict of interest through our internal review processes and oversight.
See Item 12 (Brokerage Practices) below
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15
Sub-Adviser to Other Investment Advisors and their Pooled Investment Vehicles: Convoy provides
sub-advisory services to other investment advisers and their pooled investment vehicles. This relationship
may present potential conflicts of interest, particularly with respect to treating all accounts equitably and
managing situational trade-offs.
Client Service Differences: Depending on client’s need, Convoy can also provides strategic advices on
private investments, market outlook, and track and distribute monthly reporting and commentary on the
client overall portfolios. The difference client services Convoy offers can create a conflict of interest with
respect to the allocation of investment opportunities amount clients.
Co-Investments: The Investment Manager currently holds, and may continue to make, investments using
proprietary funds alongside specific investors. Additionally, the principals of Convoy Investments invest in
other investment managers that we may recommend to investors and potential investors. These
relationships could give rise to potential conflicts of interest, particularly in the allocation of investment
opportunities among clients and in the selection of investment managers. We address and mitigate these
conflicts through rigorous internal review processes and oversight, as well as full disclosure to all involved
investors.
Potential Insider Information: Our subject matter expert, Dr. Leonidas Tam, operates his own
investment advisory business. This may create potential conflicts of interest or exposure to insider
information. At Convoy, we take care to ensure that Dr. Tam is not involved in our trading activities or
made privy to real-time asset positions.
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading
Code of Ethics
We have established a Code of Ethics pursuant to Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act as part of our overall
compliance program. The Code of Ethics includes policies and procedures relating to personal securities
trading by firm personnel and protection against the misuse of material nonpublic information. The Code of
Ethics is designed to prevent, among other things, any improper conduct whenever any potential conflict of
interest may exist with respect to any fund or investment portfolio. In addition, the Code of Ethics requires
the firm and/or all supervised persons of the firm to safeguard and prevent dissemination of non-public
information, to refrain from engaging in self-interested transactions without necessary prior approval, to
develop adequate internal accounting controls and maintain proper books and records, and to refrain from
insider trading. The Code of Ethics also outlines the duties of care and loyalty that the firm and its
supervised persons are required to follow with respect to clients, including our obligation to exercise a high
degree of care, to seek best execution, to safeguard client assets, to act in the best interest of clients and to
render impartial advice to clients. A copy of the Code of Ethics is available upon written request to
ir@convoyinvestments.com.
Interested Transactions
We may, from time to time, recommend a security in which our firm or one of our related persons, directly or
indirectly, has an interest. For instance, it may be expected that separate account assets will be invested in
securities of issuers in which one or more other accounts hold positions. In addition, funds assets may be
invested in securities of issuers in which one or more other accounts hold positions. Given the likely
frequency of such occurrence, clients will not be provided with notification of such occurrences. This may
represent a conflict of interest for us, and this conflict, and our procedures for addressing such conflict, are
described in detail in Item 10 of this brochure.
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16
As described above, all personal securities transactions by the firm’s personnel are subject to pre-approval
by CCO before the supervised person may proceed with the transaction, except for transactions in certain
categories of securities such as mutual funds, money market funds and U.S. government securities.
We may permit a supervised person to invest in securities or related securities that a fund is also investing
in, but subject to the requirement that such a transaction will not disadvantage any client account. In
addition, all supervised persons are required to submit personal trading information to the firm for review
by the CCO. Our pre-approval procedure and the submission of supervised persons’ personal trading
information assist us towards our goal of ensuring that no personal trading of any supervised person will
disadvantage any client account.
Item 12. Brokerage Practices
Selection of Brokers
We have full authority to select broker dealers to execute the funds’ investment transactions. We have
appointed a brokerage firm to act as “prime broker” for the fund. A firm appointed as a fund’s prime broker
has certain administrative responsibilities, including the issuance of account statements and information
with respect to securities transactions effected through other broker-dealers. A prime broker may be
allocated a portion of the fund’s securities transactions, subject to principles of best execution. We may, in
our discretion, change our selections of prime brokers for any fund.
With respect to the separate accounts, we will generally have the authority to select brokers, subject to
principles of best execution. Separate account clients, pursuant to their investment advisory agreement,
may impose restrictions on our broker selection ability.
We allocate a portion of each account’s brokerage business on the basis of certain considerations, which
may include:
• price competitiveness;
• quality of execution;
•
reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker/dealer involved and its quality of
service, familiarity with the securities markets and investment techniques employed with
respect to an account;
clearing and settlement capabilities; and
•
availability and cost of margin or other leverage.
•
Convoy provides sub-advisor services to our broker. See Item 10 (Other Financial Industry Activities and
Affiliations - Conflicts of Interest) above.
We do not require other services, such as research or trade ideas. See Item 12 (Brokerage Practices – Soft
Dollars) below.
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17
Soft Dollars
Convoy does not participate in soft dollar arrangements. We may accept invitations to attend educational
events or receive research services, but those would not be part of our formal arrangements or our
consideration for selecting a broker-dealer.
Aggregation of Orders
When we deem the purchase or sale of securities to be in the best interest of than one account we may
aggregate the securities to be purchased or sold by all such accounts in order to obtain superior execution
or lower brokerage expenses. In particular, execution prices for identical securities purchased or sold on
behalf of multiple accounts in any one business day may be averaged. In such events, allocation of the
securities purchased or sold, as well as expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made among the
accounts by applying such considerations as we deem appropriate, including:
• Relative account size of such entities and clients,
• Amount of available capital,
Size of existing positions in the same or similar securities,
•
Impact of leverage,
•
Investment objective and
•
Strategy considerations, including, without limitation,
•
○ Concentration parameters,
○ Tax considerations and
○ Other factors.
in
the
same manner at all
times. Different
investment guidelines,
Although the firm has a duty to treat all client accounts equitably and fairly over time, there is no
requirement that we use the same investment practices across accounts, nor that all accounts will be
leverage,
managed
subscription/redemption occurrences may lead to use of different investment practices and execution
within a similar investment strategy. Further, some accounts may purchase long positions in certain
instruments that others simultaneously sell. Consequently, the performances may differ for accounts that
employ a similar investment strategy. The firm periodically examines performance differences among
accounts of similar investment strategies to ensure any material differences in performance are understood
and do not violate the firm’s fiduciary duty. Nevertheless, the firm has an affirmative duty to treat all such
clients fairly and equitably over time.
Item 13. Review of Accounts
Our Chief Executive Officers review the accounts’ portfolio on a continuous basis.
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18
Funds. We use a Public Company Accounting Oversight Board-registered independent public accounting
firm to conduct the funds’ annual audits, and provide its audited financial statements to our fund investors.
In addition, we will provide unaudited monthly performance data on the funds to its investors.
Other Accounts. For separately managed accounts, we do not have custody since we do not have authority
to obtain account assets. Brokerage statements are sent directly to the client by the account custodian.
These reports list the account positions, activity in the account over the covered period, and other related
information. Clients are also sent confirmations following each brokerage account transaction unless
receipts of confirmations have been waived by the client. We will not issue separate reports with respect to
such clients.
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Not applicable.
Item 15. Custody
Convoy has custody of fund assets since it serves as the fund’s general partner. However, we do not have
actual physical custody of any client assets invested in the fund; rather, such assets are held in the name of
the funds by an independent custodian (currently our broker).
Funds. We use a Public Company Accounting Oversight Board registered independent public accounting
firm to conduct annual audits, and provide the funds’ audited financial statements to our fund investors. In
addition, we will provide unaudited monthly performance data on the funds to investors in the funds.
Other Accounts. For separately managed accounts and other pooled investment vehicles where we serve as
the subadvisor, we do not have custody since we do not have the authority to obtain the assets. Brokerage
statements are sent directly to the client by the account custodian. These reports list the account positions,
activity in the account over the covered period, and other related information. Clients are also sent
confirmations following each brokerage account transaction unless receipts of confirmations have been
waived by the client. We will not issue separate reports with respect to such clients.
Item 16. Investment Discretion
We are generally given authority to invest and trade account assets provided we comply with the specific
agreements we have with investors. Unless otherwise instructed by a client, we have the authority to
determine what financial instruments to be purchased or sold, and in what amount.
As a general matter, investors do not have any ability to restrict the investment of their account.
Item 17. Voting Client Securities
Fund investors will not have the authority to vote proxies. Each separate account client may either elect to
retain proxy voting authority or delegate proxy voting authority for his or her account to the firm. This must
be communicated to the firm in writing at the time we establish our relationship. Each separate account
client may at any time however, change his or her decision by notifying us in writing.
We will review each proxy in a manner that is consistent with the firm’s proxy voting policies and
procedures and our fiduciary duty to clients. Currently, we deem the cost of voting would exceed any
anticipated benefit to the clients due to the large number of stocks we hold and in small quantity in each. As
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a general matter, we will abstain from voting proxies unless such course would be contrary to our fiduciary
duty.
A copy of the our proxy voting guidelines is available upon request. We will also provide, upon request,
information regarding how we have voted on a specific proxy item. All requests must be submitted in
writing to:ir@convoyinvestments.com.
Item 18. Financial Information
We do not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees from our accounts, six months or more
in advance, and therefore are not required to include a balance sheet for our most recent fiscal year.
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