Overview
Assets Under Management: $3.2 billion
Services Offered
Services: Portfolio Management for Individuals, Portfolio Management for Pooled Investment Vehicles, Portfolio Management for Institutional Clients
Clients
Total Client Accounts: 12,302
Discretionary Accounts: 752
Non-Discretionary Accounts: 11,550
Regulatory Filings
CRD Number: 335426
Filing ID: 2002900
Last Filing Date: 2025-07-10 08:02:00
Website: https://eastcapital.com
Form ADV Documents
Primary Brochure: EAST CAPITAL (2025-05-05)
View Document Text
EAST CAPITAL FINANCIAL SERVICES AB (“ECFS”)
FORM ADV PART 2A
May 5, 2025
East Capital Financial Services AB
Kungsgatan 28, P.O. Box 1364, SE-111 93, Stockholm Sweden | Corporate identity no. 556988-2086 | Registered office: Stockholm
Phone +46 (0)8 505 885 00 | ecfs@eastcapital.com www.eastcapital.com
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Item 1: Cover Page
Company name:
East Capital Financial Services AB
CRD number:
335426
Business address:
Kungsgatan 28, 111 56 Stockholm, Sweden
Chief Compliance Officer:
jean-christophe.esteve@eastcapital.com
Company’s email address:
ecfs@eastcapital.com
Website:
www.eastcapital.group
of
this
Brochure,
contact
us
by
email
This Brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of East
Capital Financial Services AB (“ECFS” or the “Adviser”). If you have any questions about the
at:
please
contents
jean-christophe.esteve@eastcapital.com. The information in this Brochure has not been
approved or verified by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or any state
securities authority.
the Adviser’s Form ADV Part 1A,
is also available on
ECFS is a registered investment adviser with the SEC. Additional information about ECFS, including a
copy of
the SEC’s website at
www.advisersinfo.sec.gov.
Registration does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
In this Brochure, the words “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to ECFS.
Date of Brochure: May 5, 2025
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Item 2: Material Changes
Not applicable. This is the original Brochure prepared by ECFS in connection with its registration as
an investment adviser.
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Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 1: Cover Page ...................................................................................................................................................2
Item 2: Material Changes ..........................................................................................................................................3
Item 3: Table of Contents .........................................................................................................................................4
Item 4: Advisory Business ........................................................................................................................................5
Item 5: Fees and Compensation ...............................................................................................................................6
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ..........................................................................7
Item 7: Types of Clients ............................................................................................................................................8
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ......................................................................9
Item 9: Disciplinary Information .............................................................................................................................. 15
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations .................................................................................... 16
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading ............................. 17
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ................................................................................................................................. 18
Item 13: Review of Accounts .................................................................................................................................. 19
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation ................................................................................................ 20
Item 15: Custody .................................................................................................................................................... 21
Item 16: Investment Discretion ............................................................................................................................... 22
Item 17: Voting Client Securities ............................................................................................................................. 23
Item 18: Financial Information ................................................................................................................................ 24
Item 19: Requirements for State-Registered Advisers ............................................................................................ 25
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Item 4: Advisory Business
4.A. Description of Advisory Firm
East Capital Financial Services AB (“ECFS”), based in Stockholm, Sweden, is a securities company
under the supervision of the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority (“Finansinspektionen” or “FI”).
ECFS was founded in 2014 and is a part of East Capital Group, founded in 1997, focused on asset
management (collectively, “East Capital”). East Capital is an independent asset manager specialized in
emerging and frontier markets, with offices in Hong Kong, Luxembourg, Stockholm and Tallinn. East
Capital manages public equity funds and separate accounts for a broad international client base.
East Capital is indirectly owned by Peter Elam Håkansson (56% owner), along with the other minority
shareholders. Five of six shareholders are partners and hold senior positions within the firm:
• Peter Elam Håkansson (Swedish), Chairman & Chief Investment Officer East Capital Group,
based in Stockholm. Mr. Håkansson holds the majority of East Capital Holding AB (holding
company of ECFS)
Jacob Grapengiesser (Swedish), East Capital CIO, based in Hong Kong
•
• Karine Hirn (French), Chief Sustainability Officer, based in Hong Kong
• Albin Rosengren (Swedish), Managing Partner, Head of Real Estate, based in Stockholm
• Nikodemus Dahlgren (Swedish), Head of Sales, based in Stockholm
Further, a selected number of managers, investment and investor relations professionals participate in an
employee-ownership program.
4.B. Advisory Services Offered in the United States
ECFS has been selected and retained by a third-party trustee (the “Trustee”) of a collective investment
trust to provide investment advisory services with respect to funds established within the trust (collectively
referred to as the “CIT” or the “CIT Funds”) pursuant to an investment services agreement (the “IMA”).
The CIT is maintained by the trustee for investment of assets of U.S. employee benefit trusts (i.e., trusts
holding the assets of employee benefit plans).
ECFS does not currently offer its advisory services to clients in the United States other than the CIT.
4.C. Tailoring of Advisory Services
The Adviser’s services with respect to the CIT Funds are provided subject to, and in accordance with,
conditions set forth in a written investment policy statement (“IPS”) that is subject to prior approval by
the Trustee. The IPS may only be amended as provided in the IMA.
4.D. Wrap Programs
The Adviser does not participate in any wrap fee programs.
4. E. Management of Assets for U.S. Clients
ECFS will manage the assets of the CIT Funds on a discretionary basis. As of the date of this Brochure,
the CIT Funds had not yet launched; consequently, the assets under management for U.S. clients are
currently US$0.
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Item 5: Fees and Compensation
The fee schedule for the CIT Funds will be negotiated between the Adviser and the Trustee. In
consideration of the services provided by the Adviser with respect to the CIT Funds, the Trustee has
agreed to cause the CIT Funds to pay the Adviser fees and expenses as set forth in the IMA. Such
fees and expenses will be deducted from the CIT Funds’ assets. It is expected that fees will be paid by
the CIT on a quarterly basis in arrears, although the Adviser and the Trustee may agree to a different
arrangement.
Participating trusts holding units of the CIT will bear ongoing costs and expenses of the CIT, including
brokerage and transaction costs. See Item 12 for a description of the Adviser’s brokerage practices.
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Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
ECFS will not receive performance-based fees from the CIT.
With respect to its non-U.S. clients, ECFS typically receives only a fixed or asset-based management
fee from each client portfolio, and, as a rule, does not receive any performance fees from such clients.
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Item 7: Types of Clients
The CIT is a collective investment trust maintained by the Trustee for investment of assets of U.S.
employee benefit trusts (i.e., trusts holding the assets of employee benefit plans).
ECFS does not currently offer its advisory services to clients in the United States other than the CIT.
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Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
8.A. Methods of analysis and investment strategies
ECFS anticipates that the CIT Funds will primarily pursue the Adviser’s Global Emerging Markets
Sustainable strategy. The investment objective of the Global Emerging Markets Sustainable strategy is
to provide long-term capital growth through exposure to companies in “emerging markets,” which are
defined by the Adviser for this purpose as countries not classified as developed by the recognized major
indices, or which are considered as low-or middle-income countries by the World Bank. The Adviser
defines “sustainable investing” as recognizing that, environmental, social and governance factors may
directly influence the long-term business profitability of companies. The Adviser will seek exposure to
companies that manage sustainability risks and/or contribute to sustainable development in emerging
markets. Environmental, social and governance factors are fully integrated into the investment process.
The CIT Funds may also pursue the Adviser’s Global Frontier Markets strategy. The investment
objective of the Global Frontier Markets strategy is to provide long-term capital growth through exposure
to companies located in frontier markets throughout the world. For this purpose, frontier markets are
defined as less advanced and less accessible emerging market countries that are included in frontier
markets-related indices.
ECFS believes in highly active management combined with a dynamic and clear investment process.
The CIT Funds’ portfolios are expected to be comprised of high conviction companies offering strong
structural growth at reasonable prices.
The key pillars of our investment philosophy, which drive our investment process, are as follows:
1. Emerging markets remain imperfect: patchy sell-side coverage, poor disclosure, and
nuanced political and geopolitical backdrops. This creates opportunities for active
managers;
2. Stock performance is driven by much more than fundamental company quality; global
sentiment, flows, the economic cycle and other macro factors play an important role;
3. Active managers underperform because of the various cognitive and behavioral biases
that impede rational decision making.
As a part of the overall investment process, we run a quantitative screen on a semi-annual basis based
on key growth, valuation and quality metrics. Generally, our investment ideas are generated through
our wide networks and frequent company visits and meetings.
To identify whether a company represents a suitable investment opportunity for a CIT Fund, we employ
several key criteria:
1. Access to structural growth,
2. Long term competitive position and strong management,
3. Strong free cash flow (FCF) or highly profitable investments,
4. Areas where there is difference from consensus,
5. Reasonable valuation or significant upside, and
6. High governance standards based on ECFS’s proprietary assessment
8.B. Material Risks
The following are material risks that could have an impact on the value of the CIT Funds.
Market risk
Market risk is the risk that the value of an investment will increase or decrease due to changes in
market factors. Investments by the Adviser on behalf of the CIT in Eastern European, Central
European, Eastern Asian, African, Middle Eastern and Latin American markets entail the risk of
substantial fluctuations in exchange rates and share prices. The Eastern European, Central
European and Eastern Asian, African, Middle Eastern and Latin American financial markets are
relatively new, and many are associated with high market risks. Market risks are divided into: equity
risk (i.e., the risk that stock prices and/or the implied volatility will rise or fall) and currency risk (i.e.,
the risk that foreign exchange rates will rise or fall).
Liquidity risk
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Liquidity risk is one of the most important risks to the CIT since the CIT must have sufficient liquidity
to meet payment obligations at all times. The Adviser invests primarily in countries with relatively
new equity markets. Some equities in those countries are less liquid than in Western European
markets, which might affect both the price and timing when holdings are to be sold. Liquidity risks
are divided into: asset liquidity risk (i.e., the risk of decreased market value of the portfolio and
individual holdings due to a stressed liquidity in the market) and funding liquidity risk (i.e., the risk that
the CIT cannot meet its payment obligations without considerable costs or, in the worst case, does
not have sufficient liquid resources to meet redemptions or other payment obligations).
Sustainability risk
Sustainability risk refers to the risk that environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors may
directly or indirectly influence and may cause actual or potential negative impact on the value of
an investment. Investment processes integrating ESG factors in the selection of the investment
universe aim to identify such risks and in turn may or may not lead to a decision to invest. If the
decision is to invest, an integral part of the investment process is to manage and where possible
mitigate any potentially identified sustainability risk through different methods of influence, such
as, among others, company engagement and/or exercising our voting rights at shareholders ’
meetings. Sustainability risks may not always be directly influenced by the invested companies
based on decisions they make but are also influenced by externalities such as, but not limited to,
physical risk aspect resulting from climate change.
ESG investment risk
ESG investment risk refers to the risk that investment and/or divestment decisions which are based
not only on financial metrics, may result in performance differences as compared to the general
market due to consideration of ESG factors in the investment decision process. Unavailability,
inaccuracy, or incompleteness of data provided by third parties (where applicable) used as part of
proprietary ESG scoring may lead to incorrectly assessing an investment opportunity.
Credit and counterparty risk
Credit risk can be divided into:
Issuer risk arises when investments are in assets that are guaranteed by an issuer (typically
•
certificates or bonds). In the event of the bankruptcy or a downgrade in the rating of an issuer, all
or part of the asset’s value may be lost.
Counterparty risk is the risk that the counterparty will not meet its obligations with respect to
•
transactions, whether due to insolvency, bankruptcy or other causes.
Settlement risk arises in a market where settlements are made delivery versus payment
•
(DVP). The risk entails a replacement cost where the transaction must be performed with a different
counterparty if the first counterparty could not meet its payment obligation. In a market where
settlement is made free of payment (FoP), the risk entails the loss of the full value of the asset if
the counterparty cannot meet its commitments. Other the counter (“OTC”) instruments involve the
risk that the full positive market value of the OTC instrument with regard to received collateral is
lost if the counterparty cannot meet its commitments.
Operational risk
•
Operational risks are connected to the Adviser’s risk management process, including different
features and quality of the trading settlement and valuation procedures operated by the Adviser,
which may increase the chances of losses due to human or technical errors. Operational risk also
covers external factors such as legal risks, political risks and risks related to documentation.
Settlement Risk
•
It may be that a settlement through a payment system does not take place as expected because
payment or delivery of financial instruments by a counterparty did not, or not in time, take place as
expected. The securities markets in some countries lack the liquidity, efficiency and regulatory
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controls of more developed markets. Lack of liquidity may adversely affect the ease of disposal of
assets. The absence of reliable pricing information in a particular security held by a CIT Fund may
make it difficult to assess reliably the market value of assets.
Political Risks
The countries in which the CIT may invest have undergone dramatic changes in a short period of
time, particularly due to the transition from planned to market economies. Democratization is still in
its early stage. There is no guarantee that economic liberalization will continue. Military, social,
religious or ethnic conflicts could reverse the process, leading to major detrimental consequences
for shareholders. Political risks in the countries that the CIT may invest in are continuously
monitored.
Accounting policies
Many of the local companies still follow accounting principles that differ from those of Western
countries. Reliability, accessibility and quality are often poorer than for Western companies. Thus,
the countries where the CIT may invest in are less transparent, as well as more difficult to analyze
and value, than their Western counterparts. The lower transparency is not only a risk but also offers
opportunities for the Adviser, which through research can identify interesting companies to invest
in on behalf of the CIT.
Legal Risks
The legal systems in the countries where the CIT may invest are relatively underdeveloped.
Legislation is inadequate when it comes to both tangible and intangible property rights. The courts
may interpret the law inconsistently and arbitrarily. There is less respect for the law than in Western
countries, and judicial rulings are often ignored. Legal risk is continuously monitored by the Adviser.
Administrative Risks
As opposed to Western stock markets, there is no guarantee that shares will be entered in the
relevant CIT Fund’s name shortly after the transaction date, or that transactions can be securely
settled. The countries may lack comprehensive legislation to protect the interests of shareholders.
Minority Protection
The existing protection of minority shareholders is limited in some of the markets in which the CIT
may invest. Equal rights for shareholders cannot be assured, which, among other things, means
that the right to information and possibility to exert influence over company management can be
limited. The Adviser reduces the risk in the countries where this is a problem by means of
diversification.
Delta-one securities
In countries where, either because of local regulations restricting direct investment by foreigners
or for efficiency, the CIT may use depository receipts (tradable certificates issued by the actual
owner of the underlying securities), participatory notes or similar instruments to gain investment
exposure, the CIT Fund would take on risks that are not present with direct investment. These
instruments involve counterparty risk (since they depend on the creditworthiness of the issuer) and
liquidity risk, may trade at prices that are below the value of their underlying securities, and may
fail to pass along to the CIT Fund some of the rights (such as voting rights) it would have if it owned
the underlying securities directly.
Participatory Notes Risks
Participatory notes also known as “p-notes” are financial instruments that may be used to gain
exposure to an equity or equity-related investment in a local market where direct ownership is not
allowed or not easily accessible for the CIT. The CIT can gain exposure to investments through p-
notes, which are issued by banks, broker-dealers or other counterparties. P-notes are treated as
transferrable securities if they are listed for trading on a regulated exchange; however, the listing
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does not guarantee any actual liquidity. P-notes may carry exposure to both liquid and illiquid
securities and may trade at prices that are below the value of their underlying securities. P-notes
may carry exposure to securities suspended from trading which may adversely affect the CIT’s
ability to exit its investment in p-notes at a favorable price. A CIT Fund investing in p-notes may lack
some of the rights (such as voting rights) it would have if it owned the underlying securities directly.
If the issuer of the p-notes becomes unable or unwilling to honor its obligations to the relevant CIT
Fund, the CIT Fund may lose money. Therefore, investments in p-notes involve counterparty risk
towards the issuer of the p-notes. A CIT Fund investing in p-notes is thus exposed not only to
movements in the value of the underlying security, but also to the risk of counterparty default, which
may, in the event of counterparty default, result in the loss of the full market value of the investment.
Debt Securities
The CIT may invest in fixed income securities which may be unrated by a recognized credit-rating
agency or below investment grade and which are subject to greater risk of loss of principal and
interest than higher-rated debt securities. The CIT may invest in debt securities which rank junior to
other outstanding securities and obligations of the issuer, all or a significant portion of which may
be secured on substantially all of that issuer’s assets. The CIT may invest in debt securities which
are not protected by financial covenants or limitations on additional indebtedness. The CIT will
therefore be subject to credit, liquidity and interest rate risks. In addition, evaluating credit risk for
debt securities involves uncertainty because credit rating agencies throughout the world have
different standards, making comparison across countries difficult. Also, the market for credit spreads
is often inefficient and illiquid, making it difficult to accurately calculate discounting spreads for valuing
financial instruments.
Downgrading Risk
Investment grade bonds may be subject to the risk of being downgraded to non-investment grade
bonds. In the event of downgrading in the credit ratings of a security or an issuer relating to a
security, the CIT Fund’s investment value in such security may be adversely affected. The Adviser
may or may not dispose of the securities, subject to the investment objective and policy of the
relevant CIT Fund.
High yield corporate bonds
Corporate bonds rated below investment grade, or unrated securities that are determined by the
Adviser to be of comparable quality, are high yield, high risk corporate bonds, commonly known
as “junk bonds”. These bonds are predominantly speculative. They are usually issued by companies
without long track records of sales and earnings, or by companies with questionable credit strength.
These bonds have a higher degree of default risk and may be less liquid than higher-rated bonds.
These securities may be subject to a greater price volatility due to such factors as specific corporate
developments, interest rate sensitivity, negative perceptions of junk bonds generally, and less
secondary market liquidity. This potential lack of liquidity may make it more difficult for a CIT Fund
to accurately value these securities.
Interest rate risk
A CIT Fund that has exposure to bonds and other fixed income securities may fall in value if interest
rates change. Generally, the prices of debt securities rise when interest rates fall, whilst their prices
fall when interest rates rise. Longer term debt securities are usually more sensitive to interest rate
changes.
Currency hedging risk
A CIT Fund may enter into foreign exchange hedging transactions, the aim of which is to protect
against adverse currency fluctuations between the relevant reference currency. Such hedging
transactions may consist of foreign exchange forward contracts or other types of derivative
contracts which reflect a foreign exchange hedging exposure. Investors should note that there may
be costs associated with the use of foreign exchange hedging transactions which will be borne by
investors
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Volatility of financial derivative instruments
The price of a financial derivative instrument can be very volatile. This is because a small
movement in the price of the underlying security, index, interest rate or currency may result in a
substantial movement in the price of the financial derivative instrument. Investment in financial
derivative instruments may result in losses in excess of the amount invested.
Futures and options
Under certain conditions, the CIT may use options and futures on securities, indices and interest
rates for different purposes. Also, where appropriate, the CIT may hedge market and currency risks
using futures, options or forward foreign exchange contracts.
Transactions in futures carry a high degree of risk. The amount of the initial margin is small relative
to the value of the futures contract so that transactions are “leveraged” or “geared”. A relatively
small market movement will have a proportionately larger impact which may work for or against the
investor. The placing of certain orders which are intended to limit losses to certain amounts may
not be effective because market conditions may make it impossible to execute such orders.
Transactions in options also carry a high degree of risk. Selling (“writing” or “granting”) an option
generally entails considerably greater risk than purchasing options. Although the premium received
by the seller is fixed, the seller may sustain a loss well in excess of that amount. The seller will also
be exposed to the risk of the purchaser exercising the option and the seller will be obliged either to
settle the option in cash or to acquire or deliver the underlying investment. If the option is “covered”
by the seller holding a corresponding position in the underlying investment or a future on another
option, the risk may be reduced.
OTC financial derivative transactions
In general, there is less governmental regulation and supervision of transactions in the OTC markets
(in which currencies, forward, spot and option contracts, credit default swaps and certain options
on currencies are generally traded) than of transactions entered into on organized exchanges. In
addition, many of the protections afforded to participants on some organized exchanges, such as
the performance guarantee of an exchange clearing house, may not be available in connection
with OTC financial derivative transactions. Therefore, a CIT Fund entering into OTC financ ial
derivative transactions will be subject to the risk that its direct counterparty will not perform its
obligations under the transactions and that the CIT Fund will sustain losses. The CIT will only enter
into transactions with counterparties which it believes to be creditworthy, and may reduce the
exposure incurred in connection with such transactions. Regardless of the measures the CIT Fund
may seek to implement to reduce counterparty credit risk, however, there can be no assurance that
a counterparty will not default or that the CIT will not sustain losses as a result.
Swaps
In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates
of return) earned or realized on particular pre-determined investments or instruments.
Swaps contracts can be individually traded and structured to include exposure to different types of
investment or market factors. Depending on their structure, these swap operations can increase or
decrease the exposure of the CIT Fund to strategies, shares, short- or long-term interest rates,
foreign currency values, borrowing rates or other factors. Swaps can be of different forms, and are
known under different names; they can increase or decrease the overall volatility of the CIT Fund,
depending on how they are used. The main factor that determines the performance of a swap
contract is the movement in the price of the underlying investment, specific interest rates, currencies
and other factors used to calculate the payment due by and to the counterparty. If a swap contract
requires payment by the CIT Fund, the latter must at all times be able to honor said payment.
Moreover, if the counterparty loses its creditworthiness, the value of the swap contract entered into
with this counterparty can be expected to fall, entailing potential losses for the CIT Fund.
Specific risks linked to securities lending
In relation to securities lending transactions, investors must notably be aware that:
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(A)
if the borrower of securities lent by the CIT fail to return these there is a risk that the collateral
received may realize less than the value of the securities lent out, whether due to inaccurate
pricing, adverse market movements, a deterioration in the credit rating of issuers of the collateral,
or the illiquidity of the market in which the collateral is traded;
(B)
in case of reinvestment of cash collateral such reinvestment may (i) create leverage with
corresponding risks and risk of losses and volatility, (ii) introduce market exposures inconsistent
with the objectives of a CIT Fund, or (iii) yield a sum less than the amount of collateral to be returned;
(C) delays in the return of securities on loans may restrict the ability of the CIT to meet delivery
obligations under security sales;
(D) deficiencies from inadequate internal processes and from human error or system failures at
service providers, the CIT, the Adviser or a counterparty can result in an unexpected loss. The costs
can be related to either a loss of a fraction or the whole value of a transaction, or to penalties
imposed on the institution by a counterparty;
the CIT is subject to liquidity risk which arises when a particular instrument is difficult to
(E)
dispose of;
(F)
the risk of loss of securities held with a custodian as a result of insolvency, negligence or
fraudulent action by the custodian may occur. Custody risk is influenced by a variety of factors
including the legal status of the securities, the accounting practices and safekeeping procedures
employed by the custodian, the custodian’s choice of sub-custodians and other intermediaries, and
the law governing the custody relationship; and that
(G)
legal risks can bear the risk of loss because of the unexpected application of a law or
regulation or because a contract cannot be enforced. A securities lending contract may be invalid
or unenforceable. Even if the collateral arrangement has been set up correctly, there is the risk that
the relevant insolvency law may impose a stay that prevents the collateral taker from liquidating the
collateral.
Securities lending transactions also entail operational risks such as the non-settlement or delay in
settlement of instructions and legal risks related to the documentation used in respect of such
transactions.
The fee arrangements in relation to securities lending can give raise to conflicts of interest where the
risks generally are borne by the CIT Fund lending securities, but the revenues are shared by the lender
and its securities lending agent and where the agent may compromise on the quality of the collateral
and the counterparty.
Specific risk factors linked to emerging markets and frontier markets
To the extent a CIT Fund invests in securities of issuers of frontier and/or emerging countries,
investors should be aware that such investments are more speculative and subject to greater risk
than those in securities of issuers of developed countries. Frontier/emerging markets may be volatile
and illiquid and the investments of the CIT in such markets may be subject to significant delays in
settlement. The risk of significant fluctuations in the net asset value and of the suspension of
redemptions in a CIT Fund investing in emerging/frontier markets may be higher than for a CIT
Fund investing in major world markets. In addition, there may be a higher than usual risk of political,
economic, social and religious instability and adverse changes in government regulations and laws
in less developed or frontier/emerging markets. The assets of the CIT, as well as the income derived
therefrom, may also be affected unfavorably by fluctuations in currency rates and exchange control
and tax regulations and consequently the net asset value of such CIT Fund’s units may be subject
to significant volatility. Some of these frontier/emerging markets may not be subject to accounting,
auditing and financial reporting standards and practices comparable to those of more developed
countries and the securities markets of such markets may be subject to unexpected closure. In
addition, there may be less government supervision, legal regulation and less well defined tax laws
and procedures than in countries with more developed securities markets.
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Item 9: Disciplinary Information
As of the date of this Brochure, there are no legal or disciplinary events to report that are material to a
client’s or prospective client’s evaluation of ECFS’s advisory business or the integrity of its
management.
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Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
ECFS is a part of East Capital Group, having offices in Hong Kong, Luxembourg, Stockholm and Tallinn.
ECFS is a portfolio manager under the investment management agreement to its sister company, East
Capital Asset Management SA (“ECAM”). ECAM is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du
Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg, with registration number S 940, as a management company
under Chapter 15 of the 2010 Law and as an AIFM, with registration number A 545 under article 5 (2)
of the AIFM Law. The corporate identification number is B136 364. ECAM is dual-licensed under the
UCITS and AIFMD regulatory frameworks. It manages East Capital SICAV and Espiria SICAV, UCITS
platforms for investment strategies focusing on emerging/frontier markets and global equities/ fixed
income respectively and acts as AIFM for real estate AIFs (and managed within the East Capital Group).
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Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
and Personal Trading
ECFS has adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to SEC rule 204A-1 that includes:
the ethical
foundation
• Standards of business conduct that ECFS requires of its supervised persons, which reflect
ECFS’s fiduciary obligations and those of its supervised persons. ECFS’s Code of Ethics
establishes
for all supervised persons of ECFS, emphasizing
professionalism, integrity, and respect, aiming to maintain trust in both the company and the
financial markets in which it operates;
• Provisions requiring its supervised persons to comply with applicable U.S. federal securities laws,
including policies designed to prevent conflicts of interest and insider trading; and
• Provisions that require all ECFS “access persons” (as defined in rule 204A-1) to report, and ECFS
to review, their personal securities transactions and holdings.
As required pursuant to SEC Rule 204A-1, ECFS will provide each of its supervised persons with a copy
of the Code of Ethics and any amendments and will require its supervised persons to provide a written
acknowledgment of their receipt.
Supervised persons are required to report any violations of the Code of Ethics promptly to ECFS’s chief
compliance officer or its designee.
ECFS has adopted a personal trading policy that ensures that all personal trading activities by supervised
persons are conducted with integrity, transparency, and full compliance with regulatory and ethical
standards. This policy is designed to prevent conflicts of interest and insider trading, especially given the
Group’s investment operations in markets with limited transparency and liquidity. It applies to employees
and related persons (e.g., close family members and entities under their influence), and addresses trading
in financial instruments, including public and OTC securities.
Under this policy, transactions involving instruments in the East Capital Group Universe (i.e., securities
held or likely to be held in managed portfolios) are prohibited unless explicitly approved.
Covered persons with access to non-public, price-sensitive information are prohibited from trading the
related securities and must not influence others to trade in restricted instruments on their behalf.
Compliance Officers and a dedicated personal trading team oversee compliance, maintain transaction
logs, and perform regular audits.
Officers and employees of ECFS, as well as those of our affiliated advisory entities, may not buy or sell
securities for their own accounts that are also recommended or executed within client portfolios without
prior authorization and disclosure.
ECFS does not currently engage in principal transactions (where we would trade securities directly with
client accounts) or in cross trades (transactions between two client accounts). Should either practice be
adopted in the future, it will be conducted strictly in accordance with applicable securities laws and
regulations, with full disclosure to affected clients and, where required, prior written consent.
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Item 12: Brokerage Practices
ECFS is in contact with approximately 50 brokers throughout the investment universe, with
approximately 20 brokers in frequent contact and approximately 80% of transactions executed through
15 brokers. New brokers are considered if they offer a better proposition than existing brokers in regard
to cost of trading, execution capacity, market share, overall quality, coverage (specific stocks or certain
regions) and services provided (research and conferences).
Best execution is maintained through the application of the Adviser’s Best Execution Policy. Brokers
are, through the application of these policies, evaluated based on their skills at executing orders, their
availability and general professionalism and their financial stability and compliance with regulations
governing their business. For instance, the financial status is evaluated before any trades are performed
through a broker and subsequently followed-up annually by questions to the broker and acquirement of
financial information. Financial status is also used for determining exposure limits towards the brokers.
Commission rates are likewise considered a key component in execution of orders.
ECFS does not have soft dollar arrangements with any broker-dealers or third parties in connection with
securities transactions on behalf of the CIT. As a general matter, because ECFS is regulated under the
EU MiFID II Directive, it must comply with strict “unbundling” rules. These rules require ECFS to clearly
separate payments for execution services (trade execution) and research services (investment
research). Research cannot be received for free or bundled implicitly into brokerage commissions.
Instead, research must be paid either by ECFS directly out of its own resources or a separate, client-
funded research payment account under strict transparency rules.
ECFS will generally follow its own policies in selecting which brokers to utilize on behalf of the CIT;
however, the Trustee may direct ECFS not to utilize certain broker-dealers or transaction counterparties
(including, for example, affiliates of the Trustee).
Aggregation of orders
ECFS may aggregate orders for different portfolios, including the CIT, in a so-called bulk trade, in
accordance with our policy on best execution and when we believe that such aggregation will result in
overall benefit to our clients No client will receive preferential treatment in any aggregated transaction.
Accounts included in an aggregated order will typically receive the average execution price of the
transaction and will bear a pro-rata share of the associated transaction costs. Any portfolio that is part
of a bulk trade will be given allocation based on its participation in the trade and be given the same price,
splitting commissions and fees. Where an aggregated order is executed in full, allocations will be
effected in accordance with ECFS’s pre-trade allocation determinations. In instances of partial
execution, allocations will be made as decided by portfolio manager in the best interests of the clients.
Any such decision must be justified and documented.
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Item 13: Review of Accounts
Pursuant to the IMA, ECFS will review and at least annually make recommendations to the Trustee
regarding updates to the IPS for the CIT Funds and compliance rules. In addition, ECFS will provide
the Trustee with quarterly compliance and performance-related reports with respect to the CIT Funds.
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Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation
In connection with the services the ECFS provides to the CIT, the ECFS will compensate the distributor
pursuant to the terms of a direct agreement to be entered into between the ECFS and such distributor.
ECFS does not, either directly or indirectly, compensate anyone else for client referrals.
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Item 15: Custody
The Trustee will at all times hold CIT assets as custodian of each CIT Fund. ECFS does not have
custody of the assets of the CIT Funds.
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Item 16: Investment Discretion
The Adviser will have discretionary authority over the assets of the CIT Funds, subject to, and in
accordance with conditions set forth in the IPS for each CIT Fund that is subject to prior approval by
the Trustee. The IPS may only be amended as provided in the IMA.
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Item 17: Voting Client Securities
ECFS is responsible for voting (or abstaining from voting, if appropriate) all proxies on behalf of each
CIT Fund unless instructed not to do so by the Trustee. ECFS will vote proxies in accordance with its
proxy voting policies, guidelines and procedures in effect from time to time, a current copy of which has
been provided to the Trustee and a copy or summary of which will be available upon request to
participating trusts investing in the CIT.
Voting rights are exercised in line with ECFS’s Proxy Voting Policy, ensuring that decisions are made
in the best interest of the CIT Funds and their investors. ECFS makes its own independent voting
decisions and does not rely on advisory recommendations from third-party proxy voting firms.
The portfolio managers within the ECFS are responsible for monitoring corporate events and voting
according to the firm’s policy and the investment objectives of each CIT Fund. Voting is conducted via
proxy or through a power of attorney, with all decisions carefully documented.
Additionally, ECFS conducts ongoing oversight of voting execution, reviewing portfolio managers’
voting actions to ensure alignment with the firm’s governance standards. Investment managers are
responsible for handling voting via proxy or power of attorney. Voting decisions must be well-
documented and justified as being in the client’s best interests. Voting is strictly prohibited if it would
breach direct or implicit sanctions, or if it would support sanctioned entities.
ECFS will communicate proxy reports to the Trustee at quarterly intervals or as otherwise agreed
between ECFS and the Trustee.
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Item 18: Financial Information
ECFS does not require nor solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six months or
more in advance and therefore does not need to include a balance sheet with this Brochure.
Additionally, we are not currently aware of any financial condition that would be reasonably likely to
impair our ability to meet our contractual commitments to any client.
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Item 19: Requirements for State-Registered Advisers
ECFS is not currently registered with any state securities authorities.
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