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Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC
One Perimeter Park South, Suite 300 S
Birmingham, AL 35243
Telephone: (205)578-6250
Fairvoypw.com
September 1, 2025
Firm Contact:
Claudia Johnston
Chief Compliance Officer
Form ADV Part 2A
Brochure
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Fairvoy Private
Wealth LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at
(205)578-6250. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United
States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority. Additional
information about Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC is also available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov by searching CRD #329636.
Please note that the use of the term “registered investment adviser” and description of our firm
and/or our associates as “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Item 2: Material Changes
Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC is required to notify clients of any information that has changed since the
last annual update of the Firm Brochure (“Brochure”) that may be important to them. Clients can
request a full copy of our Brochure or contact us with any questions that they may have about the
changes.
Since the filing of our most recent Form ADV Part 2A dated February 25, 2025, there has been a material change.
Material changes:
The firm has added further disclosure that there are other fees charged to maintain accounts and are
separate from the annual advisory fee. This includes the Program (previously “Platform”) fees associated
with each account.
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Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC
Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 2: Material Changes .......................................................................................................................................
Item 3: Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................
Item 4: Advisory Business ....................................................................................................................................
Item 5: Fees & Compensation ..............................................................................................................................
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management ..............................................................
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements .....................................................................................
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss .......................................................
Item 9: Disciplinary Information .....................................................................................................................
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations .....................................................................
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in ..................................................................................
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ...........................................................................................................................
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans .........................................................................................
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation .......................................................................................
Item 15: Custody ...................................................................................................................................................
Item 16: Investment Discretion .......................................................................................................................
Item 17: Voting Client Securities .....................................................................................................................
Item 18: Financial Information ........................................................................................................................
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Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC
Item 4: Advisory Business
Description of Firm
Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC (“Firm” or “Adviser”) provides individuals and other types of clients with
a wide array of investment advisory services. Our firm is a limited liability company formed under
the laws of the State of Delaware in December 2023 and has been in business as an investment adviser
since that time. Our firm is directly owned by EvolveLegacy Holdings, LLC and Brown Financial
Holdings, LLC.
The purpose of this Brochure is to disclose the conflicts of interest associated with the investment
transactions, compensation and any other matters related to investment decisions made by our firm
or its representatives. As a fiduciary, it is our duty to always act in the client’s best interest.
As used in this brochure, the words "we," "our," and "us" refer to Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC and
the words "you," "your," and "client" refer to you as either a client or prospective client of our firm.
Types of Advisory Services Offered
Portfolio Management Services:
Our firm provide Portfolio Management Services to clients on a discretionary or non-discretionary
basis. This service will include asset management and/or financial planning or consulting services.
The service is designed to assist clients in meeting their financial goals by ascertaining each client’s
investment objectives. Thereafter, the Firm will have the responsibility and authority to formulate
investment strategies on the client’s behalf. Our firm will conduct client meetings to understand their
current financial situation, existing resources, and tolerance for risk. Based on what is learned, an
investment approach is presented to the client, consisting of individual stocks, bonds, ETFs, options,
mutual funds and other public and private securities or investments. Once the appropriate portfolio
has been determined, portfolios are continuously and regularly monitored, and if necessary,
rebalanced based upon the client’s individual needs, stated goals and objectives. Upon client request,
the Firm provides a summary of observations and recommendations for the planning or consulting
aspects of this service.
Clients that determine to engage our firm on a non-discretionary investment advisory basis must be
willing to accept that the firm cannot affect any account transactions without obtaining prior consent
to any such transaction(s) from the client. Therefore, our firm will be unable to affect any account
transactions (as it would for its discretionary clients) without first obtaining the client’s consent.
Financial Planning and Consulting Services:
Our firm offers financial planning services which typically involves providing a variety of advisory
services to clients regarding the management of their financial resources based upon an analysis of
their individual needs. These services can range from broad-based financial planning to consultative
subject planning, which may include, but is not limited to, any or all of the following; Business
Planning, Cash Flow Forecasting, Trust and Estate Planning, Financial Reporting, Investment
Consulting, Insurance Planning, Retirement Planning, Risk Management, Charitable Giving,
Distribution Planning, College Planning, and Manager Due Diligence.
Retirement Plan Consulting:
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Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC
Our firm provides retirement plan consulting services to employer plan sponsors on an ongoing basis.
Generally, such consulting services consist of assisting employer plan sponsors in establishing,
monitoring, and reviewing their company's participant-directed retirement plan. As the needs of the
plan sponsor dictate, areas of advising may include:
•
•
•
•
•
Establishing an Investment Policy Statement – Our firm will assist in the development of
a statement that summarizes the investment goals and objectives along with the broad
strategies to be employed to meet the objectives.
Investment Options – Our firm will work with the Plan Sponsor to evaluate existing
investment options and make recommendations for appropriate changes.
Asset Allocation and Portfolio Construction – Our firm will develop strategic asset
allocation models to aid Participants in developing strategies to meet their investment
objectives, time horizon, financial situation and tolerance for risk.
Investment Monitoring – Our firm will monitor the performance of the investments and
notify the client in the event of over/underperformance and in times of market
volatility.
Participant Education – Our firm will provide opportunities to educate plan participants
about their retirement plan offerings, different investment options, and general
guidance on allocation strategies.
In providing services for retirement plan consulting, our firm does not provide any advisory services
with respect to the following types of assets: employer securities, real estate (excluding real estate
funds and publicly traded REITS), participant loans, non-publicly traded securities or assets, other
illiquid investments, or brokerage window programs (collectively, “Excluded Assets”). All retirement
plan consulting services shall be in compliance with the applicable state laws regulating retirement
consulting services. This applies to client accounts that are retirement or other employee benefit
plans (“Plan”) governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended
(“ERISA”). If the client accounts are part of a Plan, and our firm accepts appointment to provide
services to such accounts, our firm acknowledges its fiduciary standard within the meaning of Section
3(21) or 3(38) of ERISA as designated by the Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement with respect to
the provision of services described therein.
Retirement Plan Rollover Recommendations:
A client or prospective client leaving an employer typically has four options regarding an existing
retirement plan (and may engage in a combination of these options): (i) leave the money in the former
employer’s plan, if permitted, (ii) roll over the assets to the new employer’s plan, if one is available
and rollovers are permitted, (iii) roll over to an Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”), or
cash out the account value (which could, depending upon the client’s age, result in adverse tax
(iv)
consequences). If our firm recommends that a client roll over their retirement plan assets into an
account to be managed by our firm, such a recommendation creates a conflict of interest if our firm
will earn new (or increase its current) compensation as a result of the rollover. If our firm provides a
recommendation as to whether a client should engage in a rollover or not, the firm is acting as a
fiduciary within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or the
Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws governing retirement accounts. No client is
under any obligation to roll over retirement plan assets to an account managed by our firm.
Selection of Independent Money Managers:
Our firm may recommend that you use the services of a third-party money manager ("TPMM") to
manage all, or a portion of, your investment portfolio. After gathering information about your
financial situation and objectives, we may recommend that you engage a specific TPMM or
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Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC
investment program. Factors that we take into consideration when making our recommendation(s)
include, but are not limited to, the following: the TPMM's performance, methods of analysis, fees, your
financial needs, investment goals, risk tolerance, and investment objectives. Our firm will monitor the
TPMM(s)' performance to ensure its management and investment style remains aligned with your
investment goals and objectives. The TPMM(s) will actively manage your portfolio and will assume
discretionary investment authority over your account. In addition, TPMM(s) may be granted
authority to further delegate such discretionary investment authority to other TPMM(s). Our firm
will assume discretionary authority to hire and fire TPMM(s) and/or reallocate your assets to other
TPMM(s) where we deem such action appropriate.
Assets Held Away From Our Firm:
We may leverage an Order Management System through Pontera to implement investment selection
and rebalancing strategies on behalf of the client in held away accounts (i.e., accounts not directly
held with our recommended custodian). These are primarily 401(k) accounts, HSAs, 403bs, 529
education savings plans, 457 plans, profit sharing plans, and other assets not custodied with our
recommended custodian. We regularly review the available investment options in these accounts,
monitor them, and rebalance and implement our strategies in the same way we do other accounts,
though using different tools as necessary. There may be a difference in the performance of our
strategies of an account using Pontera in comparison to accounts held at our recommended custodian.
Dynasty Network:
We have entered a contractual relationship with Dynasty Financial Partners, LLC ("Dynasty"), which
provides our firm with operational and back-office support including access to a network of service
providers. Through the Dynasty network of service providers, we may receive preferred pricing on
trading technology, reporting, custody, brokerage, compliance, and other related services.
Dynasty charges a “Program Fee” for which, unless otherwise disclosed, the client will be charged,
separate from and in addition to such client’s annual advisory fee, as described in Item 5 below. This
arrangement presents a conflict of interest because we can use the Investment Programs with higher
Program Fees that will not affect our annual advisory fee. This conflict is mitigated because we do not
receive any portion of the Program Fees paid directly to Dynasty or the service providers made
available through its platform and therefore we are free to choose the Investment Program that best
suits the clients’ needs.
In addition, Dynasty's subsidiary, Dynasty Wealth Management, LLC ("DWM") is an SEC registered
investment adviser, that provides access to a range of investment services including: separately
managed accounts (“SMA”), mutual fund and ETF asset allocation strategies, and unified managed
accounts ("UMA") managed by external Third-Party Managers (collectively, the "Investment
Programs"). We may separately engage the services of Dynasty and/or its subsidiaries to access the
Investment Programs. Under the SMA and UMA programs, we will maintain the ability to select the
specific, underlying Third Party Managers that will, in turn, have day-to-day discretionary trading
authority over the requisite client assets.
DWM sponsors an investment management platform (the "Platform" or the "TAMP") that is available
to the advisers in the Dynasty Network, such as our firm. Through the Platform and what the Program
Fees covers, DWM and Dynasty collectively provide certain technology, administrative, operations
and advisory support services that allow us to manage our client portfolios and access Third-Party
Managers that provide discretionary services in the form of traditional managed accounts and
investment models. We can allocate all or a portion of Client assets among the different Third-Party
Managers via the Platform. We may also use the model management feature of the TAMP by creating
our own asset allocation model and underlying investments that comprise the model. Through the
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Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC
model management feature, we may be able to outsource the implementation of trade orders and
periodic rebalancing of the model when needed.
We will maintain the direct contractual relationship with the Client and obtain, through such
agreements, the authority to engage independent third-party managers, DWM and/or Dynasty, as
applicable, for services rendered through the Platform in service to the Client. We may delegate
discretionary trading authority to DWM and/or independent Third-Party Managers to effect
investment and reinvestment of Client assets with the ability to buy, sell or otherwise effect
investment transactions and allocate client assets. If the Client participates in certain Investment
Programs, DWM or the designated manager, as applicable, is also authorized without prior
consultation with either us or the Client to buy, sell, trade, or allocate Client assets in accordance with
the Client’s designated portfolio and to deliver instructions to the designated broker-dealer and/or
custodian of the Client’s assets.
Tailoring of Advisory Services
Our firm offers individualized investment advice to our clients. Each client may impose reasonable
restrictions, in writing, on the types of investments to be held in the portfolio or our firm’s services.
Restrictions on investments in certain securities or types of securities may affect the performance of
the account due to the level of difficulty of the restriction when managing the account.
Participation in Wrap Fee Programs
Our firm does not offer or sponsor a wrap fee program.
Regulatory Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2024, we provide continuous management services for $513,167,263 in client
assets on a discretionary basis, and no client assets on a non-discretionary basis.
Item 5: Fees & Compensation
Compensation for Our Advisory Services
Portfolio Management Services:
The maximum annual advisory fee charged by our firm for this service will not exceed 1.50%. Fees to
be assessed will be outlined in the advisory agreement to be signed by the Client. Annualized fees are
billed on a pro-rata basis quarterly in advance based on the value of the account(s) on the last day of
the previous quarter. Fees will be deducted from client account(s). Adjustments will be made for
deposits and withdrawals during the quarter that are more than $50,000. Our firm may offer direct
invoicing in rare cases. If the advisory agreement is executed at any time other than the first day of
the calendar quarter, our fees will apply on a pro-rata basis, which means that the advisory fee is
payable in proportion to the number of days in the quarter for which the individual is our Client. Our
advisory fee is negotiable, depending on individual Client circumstances and account type.
At our discretion, we may combine the account values of family members living in the same
household to determine the applicable advisory fee. For example, we may combine account values
for Client and Client’s minor children, joint accounts with Client’s spouse, and other types of related
accounts. Combining account values may increase the asset total, which may result in your paying a
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Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC
Page 7
reduced advisory fee. Our firm will deduct our fee directly from your account through the qualified
custodian holding your funds and securities. Our firm will deduct our advisory fee only when you
have given our firm written authorization permitting the fees to be paid directly from your account.
Further, the qualified custodian will deliver an account statement to you at least quarterly. These
account statements will show all disbursements from your account. You should review all statements
for accuracy.
Financial Planning and Consulting Services:
Our firm can charge a fixed fee for preparation of a financial plan. However, financial planning is
typically included for clients who choose to hire the firm for Investment Management Services. When
not included in our asset management fee, the fees for financial planning and/or consulting services
can be billed on an hourly rate, fixed rate, or project basis in arrears on a quarterly basis. There is no
minimum fee required for financial planning or consulting services. Fairvoy Private Wealth may
request a retainer to initiate financial planning and consulting services. However, we will not request
the prepayment of more than $1,200 in advisory fees more than six months in advance.
Retirement Plan Consulting:
Our Retirement Plan Consulting services are billed on a flat fee basis, or a fee based on the percentage
of Plan assets under management. The total estimated fee, as well as the ultimate fee charged, is based
on the scope and complexity of our engagement with the client. Our flat fees range from $750 to
$25,000. Fees based on a percentage of managed Plan assets will not exceed 1.00%. The fee-paying
arrangements will be determined on a case-by-case basis and will be detailed in the signed consulting
agreement.
Assets Held Away From Our Firm:
For assets held at a custodian that is not directly accessible by our firm ("Held Away Accounts"), we
may, but are not required to, manage these Held Away Accounts using the Pontera Order Management
System ("Pontera") that allows our firm to view and manage assets. Our annual fee for investment
management services for held away accounts will follow our Portfolio Management fee schedule and
termination instructions as noted in the Investment Advisory Agreement. Our advisory fees will not
be deducted directly from the accounts managed through the Pontera Order Management System.
Clients will give written authorization to deduct the fee from another nonqualified account managed
by our firm, in which case, the advisory fee would be deducted from this account each quarter. Fees
will be based upon your negotiated fee in accordance to our portfolio management fee schedule and
your Agreement. The client does not pay an additional fee for Pontera. Further, the qualified custodian
will deliver an account statement to you at least quarterly. These account statements will show all
disbursements from your account. You should review all statements and invoices for accuracy. Our
firm pays 0.25% from our advisory fee to Pontera. Due to the use of Pontera, you will not pay our
firm a higher advisory fee other than what is listed in the Agreement.
In rare cases, our firm will agree to directly invoice the client. As part of this process, Clients
understand the following:
a)
b)
c)
The client’s independent custodian sends statements at least quarterly showing the market
values for each security included in the Assets and all account disbursements, including the
amount of the advisory fees paid to our firm;
Clients will provide authorization permitting our firm to be directly paid by these terms. Our
firm will send an invoice directly to the custodian; and
If our firm sends a copy of our invoice to the client, a legend urging the comparison of
information provided in our statement with those from the qualified custodian will be
included.
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Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC
Dynasty Network:
As discussed above, we use Dynasty’s TAMP services. Dynasty Program Fees are not included in the
advisory fee you pay us. You will be charged, separate from and in addition to your advisory fee, any
applicable Program Fees as well as applicable independent manager fees. We do not receive any portion
of the fees paid directly to Dynasty or the service providers made available through its platform,
including the independent managers.
Program
Minimum Account
The Dynasty Program fees that are allocated to the Client will be as follows:
Fee (annual)
Program Fee
(annual)
UMA
.15%
$120
SMA - Equity
.12%
$120
SMA – Taxable FI
.08%
$120
SMA - Muni
.08%
$120
Manager Overlay - MMO
.10%
$60
Model Select
.02%
N/A
APM
.02%
$60
Research and Billing Only
.02%
N/A
Each of the Program Fee and independent manager fees are determined by the particular program(s)
and manager(s) with which your assets are invested, and are calculated based upon a percentage of
your assets under management, as applicable. The independent fixed income manager fees generally
range from 0 - .90% annually, and independent equity manager fees generally range from 0 – 1.50%
annually. For the clients’ records, FPW will provide the client, who uses an independent money
manager with disclosure of the independent management fee that will be within the state range
described above. There can be other administrative fees ranging from 1 – 3bps charged for setting up
the third party managers on the TAMP.
You will note the total fee reflected on your custodial statement will represent the sum of our advisory
fee, Program Fee(s) and independent manager fee(s), accordingly. Since independent manager fees
fluctuate depending upon the manager and strategy and there are various program fees associated
with your account, you should review such statements to determine the total amount of fees
associated with your requisite investments with us to determine the exact breakdown of the total fee.
Other Types of Fees & Expenses
Mutual Funds/ETFs
As part of our investment advisory services our firm may invest, or recommend that you invest, in
mutual funds and exchange traded funds. The fees that you pay to our firm for investment advisory
services are separate and distinct from the fees and expenses charged by mutual funds or exchange
traded funds (described in each fund's prospectus) to their shareholders. These fees will generally
include a management fee and other fund expenses. You will also incur transaction charges and/or
brokerage fees when purchasing or selling securities. These charges and fees are typically imposed
by the broker-dealer or custodian through whom your account transactions are executed. Our firm
does not share in any portion of the brokerage fees/transaction charges imposed by the broker-
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Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC
dealer or custodian.
Margin Balance and Margin Interest
If suitable for you, our firm may use margin on your account(s) for the purpose of borrowing funds
and/or securities purchases. If a margin account is opened, you will be charged interest on any credit
balance extended to or maintained on your behalf at the broker-dealer. While the value of the
margined security will appear as a debit on your statement, the margin balance in an account(s) will
be assessed an asset-based advisory fees based on the gross value of the account(s) without any offset
for margin or debit balances. With respect to short sales, the client will be assessed an asset-based
advisory fees based on the value of the security sold short, but not on the proceeds received upon
initiation of the short sale. If you purchase securities on margin you should understand: 1) the use of
borrowed money will result in greater gains or losses than otherwise would be the case without the
use of margin, and 2) there will be no benefit from using margin if the performance of your account
does not exceed the interest expense being charged on the margin balance plus the additional
advisory fees assessed on the securities purchased using margin. This creates a conflict of interest
where we have an incentive to encourage the use of margin to create a higher market value and
therefore receive a higher fee.
Clients will incur transaction fees for trades executed by their chosen custodian. These transaction
fees are separate from our firm’s advisory fees and will be disclosed by the chosen custodian. Fidelity
Brokerage Services (“Fidelity”) eliminated transaction fees for U.S. listed equities and exchange
traded funds for clients who opt into electronic delivery of statements or maintain at least $1 million
in assets at Fidelity. Clients who do not meet either criteria will be subject to transaction fees charged
by Fidelity for U.S. listed equities and exchange traded funds.
Clients may also pay holdings charges imposed by the chosen custodian for certain investments,
charges imposed directly by a mutual fund, index fund, or exchange traded fund, which shall be
disclosed in the fund’s prospectus (e.g., fund management fees and other fund expenses), distribution
fees, surrender charges, variable annuity fees, IRA and qualified retirement plan fees, mark-ups and
mark-downs, spreads paid to market makers, fees for trades executed away from custodian, wire
transfer fees and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities transactions. Our firm
does not receive a portion of these fees.
Termination & Refunds
Either party may terminate the advisory agreement signed with our firm for Portfolio Management
services at any time. Upon notice of termination, our firm will process a pro-rata refund by calculating
the amount of the unearned portion of the advisory fees based on the number of days left in the
current quarter.
Financial Planning & Consulting clients may terminate their agreement at any time before the
delivery of a financial plan by providing written notice. For purposes of calculating refunds, all work
performed up to the point of termination shall be calculated at the hourly fee currently in effect.
Clients will receive a pro-rata refund of unearned fees based on the time and effort expended by our
firm.
There may be immaterial differences between the quarter end market value reflected on the Client’s
custodial statement and the valuation as of the last business day of the calendar quarter used for
billing purposes, given timing and account activity. If assets more than $50,000 are deposited into or
withdrawn from an account after the inception of a billing period, the fee payable with respect to such
assets is adjusted to reflect the interim change in portfolio value.
Commissionable Securities Sales
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Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC
Our firm and representatives do not sell securities for a commission in advisory accounts.
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management
Our firm does not charge performance-based fees.
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements
Client Types:
Individuals and High Net Worth Individuals; Trusts, Estates or
Charitable Organizations; Pension, Retirement Plans, and Profit Sharing Plans; Corporations, Limited
Our firm has the following Client types:
Liability Companies and/or Other Business Types.
Account Requirements:
In general, we do not require a minimum dollar amount to open and maintain an advisory account;
however, we have the right to terminate your account if it falls below a minimum size which, in our
sole opinion, is too small to manage effectively.
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis
We use the following methods of analysis in formulating our investment advice and/or managing
client assets:
Charting:
Involves the gathering and processing of price and volume pattern information for a
particular security, sector, broad index, or commodity. This price and volume pattern information is
analyzed. The resulting pattern and correlation data is used to detect departures from expected
performance and diversification and predict future price movements and trends.
Risk: Our charting analysis may not accurately detect anomalies or predict future price movements.
Current prices of securities may reflect all information known about the security and day-to-day
changes in market prices of securities may follow random patterns and may not be predictable with
any reliable degree of accuracy.
Cyclical:
A type of technical analysis that involves evaluating recurring price patterns and trends.
Economic/business cycles may not be predictable and may have many fluctuations between long-
term expansions and contractions.
Fundamental Analysis:
The analysis of a business's financial statements (usually to analyze the
business's assets, liabilities, and earnings), health, and its competitors and markets. When analyzing
a stock, futures contract, or currency using fundamental analysis there are two basic approaches one
can use: bottom up analysis and top down analysis. The terms are used to distinguish such analysis
from other types of investment analysis, such as quantitative and technical. Fundamental analysis is
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Page 11
performed on historical and present data, but with the goal of making financial forecasts. There are
several possible objectives: (a) to conduct a company stock valuation and predict its probable price
evolution; (b) to make a projection on its business performance; (c) to evaluate its management and
make internal business decisions; (d) and/or to calculate its credit risk.; and (e) to find out the
intrinsic value of the share.
Technical Analysis:
A security analysis methodology for forecasting the direction of prices through
the study of past market data, primarily price and volume. A fundamental principle of technical
analysis is that a market's price reflects all relevant information, so their analysis looks at the history
of a security's trading pattern rather than external drivers such as economic, fundamental and news
events. Therefore, price action tends to repeat itself due to investors collectively tending toward
patterned behavior – hence technical analysis focuses on identifiable trends and conditions.
Technical analysts also widely use market indicators of many sorts, some of which are mathematical
transformations of price, often including up and down volume, advance/decline data and other
inputs. These indicators are used to help assess whether an asset is trending, and if it is, the
probability of its direction and of continuation.
Third-Party Money Manager Analysis:
The analysis of the experience, investment philosophies,
and past performance of independent third-party investment managers in an attempt to determine
if that manager has demonstrated an ability to invest over a period of time and in different economic
conditions. Analysis is completed by monitoring the manager’s underlying holdings, strategies,
concentrations, and leverage as part of our overall periodic risk assessment. Additionally, as part of
the due-diligence process, the manager’s compliance and business enterprise risks are surveyed and
reviewed. A risk of investing with a third-party manager who has been successful in the past is that
they may not be able to replicate that success in the future. In addition, as our firm does not control
the underlying investments in a third-party manager’s portfolio, there is also a risk that a manager
may deviate from the stated investment mandate or strategy of the portfolio, making it a less suitable
investment for our clients. Moreover, as our firm does not control the manager’s daily business and
compliance operations, our firm may be unaware of the lack of internal controls necessary to prevent
business, regulatory or reputational deficiencies.
Modern Portfolio Theory:
A theory of investment which attempts to maximize portfolio expected
return for a given amount of portfolio risk, or equivalently minimize risk for a given level of expected
return, by carefully diversifying the proportions of various assets.
Security Analysis:
Analysis of tradeable financial instruments called securities. These can be
classified into debt securities, equities, or some hybrid of the two. More broadly, futures contracts
and tradeable credit derivatives are sometimes included. Security analysis is typically divided into
fundamental analysis, which relies upon the examination of fundamental business factors such as
financial statements, and technical analysis, which focuses upon price trends and momentum.
Quantitative analysis may use indicators from both areas.
Sector Analysis:
Sector analysis involves identification and analysis of various industries or
economic sectors that are likely to exhibit superior performance. Academic studies indicate that the
health of a stock's sector is as important as the performance of the individual stock itself. In other
words, even the best stock located in a weak sector will often perform poorly because that sector is
out of favor. Each industry has differences in terms of its customer base, market share among firms,
industry growth, competition, regulation and business cycles. Learning how the industry operates
provides a deeper understanding of a company's financial health. One method of analyzing a
company's growth potential is examining whether the amount of customers in the overall market is
expected to grow. In some markets, there is zero or negative growth, a factor demanding careful
consideration. Additionally, market analysts recommend that investors should monitor sectors that
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are nearing the bottom of performance rankings for possible signs of an impending turnaround.
Investment Strategies & Asset Classes
We use the following strategies and asset classes in managing client accounts, provided that such
strategies are appropriate to the needs of the client and consistent with the client's investment
objectives, risk tolerance, and time horizons, among other considerations:
Alternative Investments:
Hedge funds, commodity pools, Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”),
Business Development Companies (“BDCs”), and other alternative investments involve a high degree
of risk and can be illiquid due to restrictions on transfer and lack of a secondary trading market. They
can be highly leveraged, speculative and volatile, and an investor could lose all or a substantial
amount of an investment. Alternative investments may lack transparency as to share price, valuation
and portfolio holdings. Complex tax structures often result in delayed tax reporting. Compared to
mutual funds, hedge funds and commodity pools are subject to less regulation and often charge higher
fees and may require “capital calls” which would require additional investment. Alternative
investment managers typically exercise broad investment discretion and may apply similar strategies
across multiple investment vehicles, resulting in less diversification.
Asset Allocation:
The implementation of an investment strategy that attempts to balance risk versus
reward by adjusting the percentage of each asset in an investment portfolio according to the
investor's risk tolerance, goals, and investment time frame. Asset allocation is based on the principle
that different assets perform differently in different market and economic conditions. A fundamental
justification for asset allocation is the notion that different asset classes offer returns that are not
perfectly correlated, hence diversification reduces the overall risk in terms of the variability of
returns for a given level of expected return. Although risk is reduced as long as correlations are not
perfect, it is typically forecast (wholly or in part) based on statistical relationships (like correlation
and variance) that existed over some past period. Expectations for return are often derived in the
same way. An asset class is a group of economic resources sharing similar characteristics, such as
riskiness and return. There are many types of assets that may or may not be included in an asset
allocation strategy. The "traditional" asset classes are stocks (value, dividend, growth, or sector-
specific [or a "blend" of any two or more of the preceding]; large-cap versus mid-cap, small-cap or
micro-cap; domestic, foreign [developed], emerging or frontier markets), bonds (fixed income
securities more generally: investment-grade or junk [high-yield]; government or corporate; short-
term, intermediate, long-term; domestic, foreign, emerging markets), and cash or cash equivalents.
Allocation among these three provides a starting point. Usually included are hybrid instruments such
as convertible bonds and preferred stocks, counting as a mixture of bonds and stocks. Other
alternative assets that may be considered include: commodities: precious metals, nonferrous metals,
agriculture, energy, others.; Commercial or residential real estate (also REITs); Collectibles such as
art, coins, or stamps; insurance products (annuity, life settlements, catastrophe bonds, personal life
insurance products, etc.); derivatives such as long-short or market neutral strategies, options,
collateralized debt, and futures; foreign currency; venture capital; private equity; and/or distressed
securities.
Digital Assets:
Digital Assets generally refers to an asset that is issued and/or transferred using
distributed ledger or blockchain technology, including, “virtual currencies” (also known as crypto-
currencies), “coins”, and “tokens”. We may invest client accounts in and/or advise clients on the
purchase or sale of digital assets. This advice or investment may be in actual digital
coins/tokens/currencies or via investment vehicles such as exchange traded funds (ETFs) or
separately managed accounts (SMAs). The investment characteristics of Digital Assets generally
differ from those of traditional securities, currencies. Digital Assets are not backed by a central bank
or a national, international organization, any hard assets, human capital, or other form of credit and
are relatively new to the market place. Rather, Digital Assets are market-based: a Digital Asset’s value
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•
is determined by (and fluctuates often, according to) supply and demand factors, its adoption in the
traditional commerce channels, and/or the value that various market participants place on it through
their mutual agreement or transactions. The lack of history to these types of investments entail
certain unknown risks, are speculative and are not appropriate for all investors.
•
•
Price Volatility of Digital Assets: A principal risk in trading Digital Assets is the rapid
fluctuation of market price. The value of client portfolios relates in part to the value of the
Digital Assets held in the client portfolio and fluctuations in the price of Digital Assets could
adversely affect the value of a client’s portfolio. There is no guarantee that a client will be able
to achieve a better than average market price for Digital Assets or will purchase Digital Assets
at the most favorable price available. The price of Digital Assets achieved by a client may be
affected generally by a wide variety of complex factors such as supply and demand;
availability and access to Digital Asset service providers (such as payment processors),
exchanges, miners or other Digital Asset users and market participants; perceived or actual
security vulnerability; and traditional risk factors including inflation levels; fiscal policy;
interest rates; and political, natural, and economic events.
Digital Asset Service Providers: Service providers that support Digital Assets and the Digital
Asset marketplace(s) may not be subject to the same regulatory and professional oversight
as traditional securities service providers. Further, there is no assurance that the availability
of and access to virtual currency service providers will not be negatively affected by
government regulation or supply and demand of Digital Assets. Accordingly, companies or
financial institutions that currently support virtual currency may not do so in the future.
Custody of Digital Assets: Under the Advisers Act, SEC registered investment advisers are
required to hold securities with “qualified custodians,” among other requirements. Certain
Digital Assets may be deemed to be securities. Many Digital Assets do not currently fall under
the SEC definition of security and therefore many of the companies providing Digital Assets
custodial services fall outside of the SEC’s definition of “qualified custodian”. Accordingly,
clients seeking to purchase actual digital coins/tokens/currencies may need to use
nonqualified custodians to hold all or a portion of their Digital Assets.
Government Oversight of Digital Assets: Regulatory agencies and/or the constructs responsible for
oversight of Digital Assets or a Digital Asset network may not be fully developed and subject to
change. Regulators may adopt laws, regulations, policies or rules directly or indirectly affecting
Digital Assets and their treatment, transacting, custody, and valuation.
Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”):
An ETF is a type of Investment Company (usually, an open-end
fund or unit investment trust) whose primary objective is to achieve the same return as a particular
market index. The vast majority of ETFs are designed to track an index, so their performance is close
to that of an index mutual fund, but they are not exact duplicates. A tracking error, or the difference
between the returns of a fund and the returns of the index, can arise due to differences in composition,
management fees, expenses, and handling of dividends. ETFs benefit from continuous pricing; they
can be bought and sold on a stock exchange throughout the trading day. Because ETFs trade like
stocks, you can place orders just like with individual stocks - such as limit orders, good- until-canceled
orders, stop loss orders etc. They can also be sold short. Traditional mutual funds are bought and
redeemed based on their net asset values (“NAV”) at the end of the day. ETFs are bought and sold at
the market prices on the exchanges, which resemble the underlying NAV but are independent of it.
However, arbitrageurs will ensure that ETF prices are kept very close to the NAV of the underlying
securities. Although an investor can buy as few as one share of an ETF, most buy in board lots.
Anything bought in less than a board lot will increase the cost to the investor. Anyone can buy any ETF
no matter where in the world it trades. This provides a benefit over mutual funds, which generally can
only be bought in the country in which they are registered.
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One of the main features of ETFs are their low annual fees, especially when compared to traditional
mutual funds. The passive nature of index investing, reduced marketing, and distribution and
accounting expenses all contribute to the lower fees.
Equity Securities:
Equity securities represent an ownership position in a company. Equity securities
typically consist of common stocks. The prices of equity securities fluctuate based on, among other
things, events specific to their issuers and market, economic and other conditions. For example, prices
of these securities can be affected by financial contracts held by the issuer or third parties (such as
derivatives) relating to the security or other assets or indices. There may be little trading in the
secondary market for particular equity securities, which may adversely affect our firm 's ability to
value accurately or dispose of such equity securities. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions,
whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and/or liquidity of equity
securities. Investing in smaller companies may pose additional risks as it is often more difficult to
value or dispose of small company stocks, more difficult to obtain information about smaller
companies, and the prices of their stocks may be more volatile than stocks of larger, more established
companies. Clients should have a long-term perspective and, for example, be able to tolerate
potentially sharp declines in value.
Fixed Income:
Fixed income is a type of investing or budgeting style for which real return rates or
periodic income is received at regular intervals and at reasonably predictable levels. Fixed-income
investors are typically retired individuals who rely on their investments to provide a regular, stable
income stream. This demographic tends to invest heavily in fixed-income investments because of the
reliable returns they offer. Fixed-income investors who live on set amounts of periodically paid
income face the risk of inflation eroding their spending power.
Some examples of fixed-income investments include treasuries, money market instruments,
corporate bonds, asset-backed securities, municipal bonds and international bonds. The primary risk
associated with fixed-income investments is the borrower defaulting on his payment. Other
considerations include exchange rate risk for international bonds and interest rate risk for longer-
dated securities. The most common type of fixed-income security is a bond. Bonds are issued by
federal governments, local municipalities, and major corporations. Fixed-income securities are
recommended for investors seeking a diverse portfolio; however, the percentage of the portfolio
dedicated to fixed income depends on your own personal investment style. There is also an
opportunity to diversify the fixed-income component of a portfolio. Riskier fixed-income products,
such as junk bonds and longer-dated products, should comprise a lower percentage of your overall
portfolio.
The interest payment on fixed-income securities is considered regular income and is determined
based on the creditworthiness of the borrower and current market rates. In general, bonds and fixed-
income securities with longer-dated maturities pay a higher rate, also referred to as the coupon rate,
because they are considered riskier. The longer the security is on the market, the more time it has to
lose its value and/or default. At the end of the bond term, or at bond maturity, the borrower returns
the amount borrowed, also referred to as the principal or par value.
Fund of Funds (“FOF”):
A fund of funds is a multi-manager investment strategy in which a fund
invests in other types of funds. This strategy invests in a portfolio that contains different underlying
assets instead of investing directly in bonds, stocks and other types of securities. The FOF strategy
aims to achieve broad diversification and appropriate asset allocation with investments in a variety
of fund categories that are all wrapped into one fund. These are fund of funds characteristics that
attract small investors who want to get better exposure with fewer risks compared to directly
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investing in securities. However, if the fund of funds carries an operating expense, investors are
essentially paying double for an expense that is already included in the expense figures of the
underlying funds.
Fund of Hedge Funds:
•
A fund of funds (“FOF”) is a multi-manager investment strategy in which a
fund invests in other types of funds. This strategy invests in a portfolio that contains different
underlying assets instead of investing directly in bonds, stocks, and other types of securities. The
strategy aims to achieve broad diversification and appropriate asset allocation with investments in a
variety of fund categories that are all wrapped into one fund. These are fund of funds characteristics
that attract small investors who want to get better exposure with fewer risks compared to directly
investing in securities. However, if the fund of funds carries an operating expense, investors are
essentially paying double for an expense that is already included in the expense figures of the
underlying funds. Some risks associated with Funds of Hedge Funds include:
•
•
Unregistered Investments: Funds of hedge funds generally invest in several private hedge
funds that are not subject to the SEC's registration and disclosure requirements. Many of the
normal investor protections that are common to most traditional registered investments are
missing. This makes it difficult for both you and the fund of funds manager to assess the
performance of the underlying hedge funds or independently verify information that is
reported.
Risky Investment Strategies: As noted, hedge funds very often use speculative investment and
trading strategies. Many hedge funds are honestly managed and balance a high risk of capital
loss with a high potential for capital growth. The risks hedge funds incur, however, can wipe
out your entire investment.
Lack of Liquidity: Hedge funds, both the unregistered and registered variety, are illiquid
investments and are subject to restrictions on transferability and resale. Unlike mutual funds,
there are no specific rules on hedge fund pricing. Registered hedge fund units may not be
redeemable at the investor's option and there is probably no secondary market for the sale of
the hedge fund units.
Fund of Private Equity Funds:
•
A fund of funds (“FOF”) is a multi-manager investment strategy in
which a fund invests in other types of funds. This strategy invests in a portfolio that contains different
underlying assets instead of investing directly in bonds, stocks, and other types of securities. The FOF
strategy aims to achieve broad diversification and appropriate asset allocation with investments in a
variety of fund categories that are all wrapped into one fund. These are fund of funds characteristics
that attract small investors who want to get better exposure with fewer risks compared to directly
investing in securities. However, if the fund of funds carries an operating expense, investors are
essentially paying double for an expense that is already included in the expense figures of the
underlying funds. Some risks associated with Fund of Private Equity Funds include:
•
•
Funding Risk: The unpredictable timing of cash flows associated with private equity funds
poses funding risks to investors. Commitments are contractually binding and defaulting on
payments results in the loss of private equity partnership interests. This risk is also commonly
referred to as default risk.
Liquidity Risk: The illiquidity of private equity partnership interests exposes investors to
asset liquidity risk associated with selling in the secondary market at a discount on the
reported net asset value (“NAV”).
Market Risk: The fluctuation of the market has an impact on the value of the investments held
in the portfolio.
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•
Capital Risk: The realization value of private equity investments can be affected by numerous
factors, including (but not limited to) the quality of the fund manager, equity market
exposure, interest rates and foreign exchange.
Index Fund:
A mutual fund or exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) designed to follow certain preset rules
so that the fund can track specified basket of underlying investments. Those rules may include
tracking prominent indexes like the S&P 500 or the Dow Jones Industrial Average or implementation
rules, such as tax-management, tracking error minimization, large block trading or patient/flexible
trading strategies that allows for greater tracking error, but lower market impact costs. Index funds
may also have rules that screen for social and sustainable criteria. An index fund’s rules of
construction clearly identify the type of companies suitable for the fund. The most commonly known
index fund, the S&P 500 Index Fund, is based on the rules established by S&P Dow Jones Indices for
their S&P 500 Index. Equity index funds would include groups of stocks with similar characteristics
such as the size, value, profitability and/or the geographic location of the companies. A group of
stocks may include companies from the United States, Non-US Developed, emerging markets or
Frontier Market countries. Additional index funds within these geographic markets may include
indexes of companies that include rules based on company characteristics or factors, such as
companies that are small, mid-sized, large, small value, large value, small growth, large growth, the
level of gross profitability or investment capital, real estate, or indexes based on commodities and
fixed-income. Companies are purchased and held within the index fund when they meet the specific
index rules or parameters and are sold when they move outside of those rules or parameters. Think
of an index fund as an investment utilizing rules-based investing. Some index providers announce
changes of the companies in their index before the change date and other index providers do not
make such announcements.
Index funds must periodically "rebalance" or adjust their portfolios to match the new prices and
market capitalization of the underlying securities in the stock or other indexes that they track. This
allows algorithmic traders to perform index arbitrage by anticipating and trading ahead of stock price
movements caused by mutual fund rebalancing, making a profit on foreknowledge of the large
institutional block orders. This results in profits transferred from investors to algorithmic traders.
One problem occurs when a large amount of money tracks the same index. According to theory, a
company should not be worth more when it is in an index. But due to supply and demand, a company
being added can have a demand shock, and a company being deleted can have a supply shock, and
this will change the price. This does not show up in tracking error since the index is also affected. A
fund may experience less impact by tracking a less popular index.
Long-Term Purchases:
Our firm may buy securities for your account and hold them for a relatively
long time (more than a year) in anticipation that the security’s value will appreciate over a long
horizon. The risk of this strategy is that our firm could miss out on potential short-term gains that
could have been profitable to your account, or it’s possible that the security’s value may decline
sharply before our firm makes a decision to sell.
Margin Transactions:
Our firm may purchase securities for your portfolio with money borrowed
from your brokerage account or may allow or recommend that you pledge securities from your
portfolio as collateral for a loan by using margin in a brokerage account. This allows you to purchase
more stock than you would be able to with your available cash and allows us to purchase securities
without selling other holdings. Margin accounts and transactions are risky and not necessarily
appropriate for every client. The potential risks associated with these transactions are: (i) You can
lose more funds than are deposited into the margin account; (ii) the forced sale of securities or other
assets in your account; (iii) the sale of securities or other assets without contacting you; (iv) you may
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not be entitled to choose which securities or other assets in your account(s) are liquidated or sold to
meet a margin call; and (iv) custodians charge interest on margin balances which will reduce your
returns over time.
Margin Loans:
Our firm may allow or recommend that you pledge securities from your portfolio as
collateral for a loan by using margin in brokerage account. This allows you to own more stock than
you would be able to with your available cash. Margin accounts and transactions are risky and not
necessarily appropriate for every client.
The potential risks associated with these transactions are (1) You can lose more funds than are
deposited into the margin account; (2) the forced sale of securities or other assets in your account;
(3) the sale of securities or other assets without contacting you; (4) you may not be entitled to choose
which securities or other assets in your account(s) are liquidated or sold to meet a margin call; and
(5) custodians charge interest on margin balances which will reduce your returns over time.
Mutual Funds
: A mutual fund is a company that pools money from many investors and invests that
money in a variety of differing security types based on the objectives of the fund. The portfolio of the
fund consists of the combined holdings it owns. Each share represents an investor’s proportionate
ownership of the fund’s holdings and the income those holdings generate. The price that investors
pay for mutual fund shares are the fund’s per share net asset value (“NAV”) plus any shareholder fees
that the fund imposes at the time of purchase (such as sales loads). Investors typically cannot
ascertain the exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio at any given time, nor can they directly influence
which securities the fund manager buys and sells or the timing of those trades. With an individual
stock, investors can obtain real-time (or close to real-time) pricing information with relative ease by
checking financial websites or by calling a broker or your investment adviser. Investors can also
monitor how a stock’s price changes from hour to hour—or even second to second. By contrast, with
a mutual fund, the price at which an investor purchases or redeems shares will typically depend on
the fund’s NAV, which is calculated daily after market close.
The benefits of investing through mutual funds include: (a) Mutual funds are professionally managed
by an investment adviser who researches, selects, and monitors the performance of the securities
purchased by the fund; (b) Mutual funds typically have the benefit of diversification, which is an
investing strategy that generally sums up as “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” Spreading
investments across a wide range of companies and industry sectors can help lower the risk if a
company or sector fails. Some investors find it easier to achieve diversification through ownership of
mutual funds rather than through ownership of individual stocks or bonds.; (c) Some mutual funds
accommodate investors who do not have a lot of money to invest by setting relatively low dollar
amounts for initial purchases, subsequent monthly purchases, or both.; and (d) At any time, mutual
fund investors can readily redeem their shares at the current NAV, less any fees and charges assessed
on redemption.
Mutual funds also have features that some investors might view as disadvantages: (a) Investors must
pay sales charges, annual fees, and other expenses regardless of how the fund performs. Depending
on the timing of their investment, investors may also have to pay taxes on any capital gains
distributions they receive. This includes instances where the fund performed poorly after purchasing
shares.; (b) Investors typically cannot ascertain the exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio at any given
time, nor can they directly influence which securities the fund manager buys and sells or the timing
of those trades.; and (c) With an individual stock, investors can obtain real-time (or close to real-
time) pricing information with relative ease by checking financial websites or by calling a broker or
your investment adviser. Investors can also monitor how a stock’s price changes from hour to hour—
or even second to second. By contrast, with a mutual fund, the price at which an investor purchases
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or redeems shares will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which the fund might not calculate until
many hours after the investor placed the order. In general, mutual funds must calculate their NAV at
least once every business day, typically after the major U.S. exchanges close.
When investors buy and hold an individual stock or bond, the investor must pay income tax each year
on the dividends or interest the investor receives. However, the investor will not have to pay any
capital gains tax until the investor actually sells and makes a profit. Mutual funds, however, are
different. When an investor buys and holds mutual fund shares, the investor will owe income tax on
any ordinary dividends in the year the investor receives or reinvests them. Moreover, in addition to
owing taxes on any personal capital gains when the investor sells shares, the investor may have to
pay taxes each year on the fund’s capital gains. That is because the law requires mutual funds to
distribute capital gains to shareholders if they sell securities for a profit and cannot use losses to
offset these gains.
Options:
An option is a financial derivative that represents a contract sold by one party (the option
writer) to another party (the option holder, or option buyer). The contract offers the buyer the right,
but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security or other financial asset at an agreed-upon price (the
strike price) during a certain period of time or on a specific date (exercise date). Options are
extremely versatile securities. Traders use options to speculate, which is a relatively risky practice,
while hedgers use options to reduce the risk of holding an asset. In terms of speculation, option
buyers and writers have conflicting views regarding the outlook on the performance of a:
•
Call Option: Call options give the option to buy at certain price, so the buyer would want
the stock to go up. Conversely, the option writer needs to provide the underlying shares in
the event that the stock's market price exceeds the strike due to the contractual obligation.
An option writer who sells a call option believes that the underlying stock's price will drop
relative to the option's strike price during the life of the option, as that is how he will reap
maximum profit. This is exactly the opposite outlook of the option buyer. The buyer
believes that the underlying stock will rise; if this happens, the buyer will be able to acquire
the stock for a lower price and then sell it for a profit. However, if the underlying stock
does not close above the strike price on the expiration date, the option buyer would lose
the premium paid for the call option.
•
Put Option: Put options give the option to sell at a certain price, so the buyer would want
the stock to go down. The opposite is true for put option writers. For example, a put option
buyer is bearish on the underlying stock and believes its market price will fall below the
specified strike price on or before a specified date. On the other hand, an option writer who
sells a put option believes the underlying stock's price will increase about a specified price
on or before the expiration date. If the underlying stock's price closes above the specified
strike price on the expiration date, the put option writer's maximum profit is achieved.
Conversely, a put option holder would only benefit from a fall in the underlying stock's
price below the strike price. If the underlying stock's price falls below the strike price, the
put option writer is obligated to purchase shares of the underlying stock at the strike price.
The potential risks associated with these transactions are that (1) all options expire. The closer the
option gets to expiration, the quicker the premium in the option deteriorates; and (2) Prices can move
very quickly. Depending on factors such as time until expiration and the relationship of the stock
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price to the option’s strike price, small movements in a stock can translate into big movements in the
underlying options.
Passive Investment Management:
Passive investing involves building portfolios that are comprised
of various distinct asset classes. The asset classes are weighted in a manner to achieve a desired
relationship between correlation, risk and return. Funds that passively capture the returns of the
desired asset classes are placed in the portfolio. The funds that are used to build passive portfolios
are typically index mutual funds or exchange traded funds. Passive investment management is
characterized by low portfolio expenses (i.e. the funds inside the portfolio have low internal costs),
minimal trading costs (due to infrequent trading activity), and relative tax efficiency (because the
funds inside the portfolio are tax efficient and turnover inside the portfolio is minimal).
In contrast, active management involves a single manager or managers who employ some method,
strategy, or technique to construct a portfolio that is intended to generate returns that are greater
than the broader market or a designated benchmark. Academic research indicates most active
managers underperform the market.
Private Equity
•
: Private equity is an equity investment into non-quoted companies. The private
equity investor looks at an investment prospect as investing in a company as opposed to investing in
a company's stock. Private equity funds hold illiquid positions (for which there is no active secondary
market) and typically only invest in the equity and debt of target companies, which are generally
taken private and brought under the private equity manager's control. Risks associated with private
equity include:
•
•
•
Funding Risk: The unpredictable timing of cash flows poses funding risks to investors.
Commitments are contractually binding and defaulting on payments results in the loss of
private equity partnership interests. This risk is also commonly referred to as default risk.
Liquidity Risk: The illiquidity of private equity partnership interests exposes investors to
asset liquidity risk associated with selling in the secondary market at a discount on the
reported NAV.
Market Risk: The fluctuation of the market has an impact on the value of the investments held
in the portfolio.
Capital Risk: The realization value of private equity investments can be affected by numerous
factors, including (but not limited to) the quality of the fund manager, equity market
exposure, interest rates and foreign exchange.
Private Funds
: A private fund is an investment vehicle that pools capital from a number of investors
and invests in securities and other instruments. In almost all cases, a private fund is a private
investment vehicle that is typically not registered under federal or state securities laws. So that
private funds do not have to register under these laws, issuers make the funds available only to
certain sophisticated or accredited investors and cannot be offered or sold to the general public.
Private funds are generally smaller than mutual funds because they are often limited to a small
number of investors and have a more limited number of eligible investors. Many but not all private
funds use leverage as part of their investment strategies. Private funds management fees typically
include a base management fee along with a performance component. In many cases, the fund’s
managers may become “partners” with their clients by making personal investments of their own
assets in the fund. Most private funds offer their securities by providing an offering memorandum or
private placement memorandum, known as “PPM” for short.
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The PPM covers important information for investors and investors should review this document
carefully and should consider conducting additional due diligence before investing in the private
fund. The primary risks of private funds include the following: (a) Private funds do not sell publicly
and are therefore illiquid. An investor may not be able to exit a private fund or sell its interests in the
fund before the fund closes; and (b) Private funds are subject to various other risks, including risks
associated with the types of securities that the private fund invests in or the type of business issuing
the private placement.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”):
REITs primarily invest in real estate or real estate-
related loans. Equity REITs own real estate properties, while mortgage REITs hold construction,
development and/or long-term mortgage loans. Changes in the value of the underlying property of
the trusts, the creditworthiness of the issuer, property taxes, interest rates, tax laws, and regulatory
requirements, such as those relating to the environment all can affect the values of REITs. Both types
of REITs are dependent upon management skill, the cash flows generated by their holdings, the real
estate market in general, and the possibility of failing to qualify for any applicable pass-through tax
treatment or failing to maintain any applicable exempted status afforded under relevant laws.
REITs involve a high degree of risk and can be illiquid due to restrictions on transfer and lack of a
secondary trading market. They can be highly leveraged, speculative and volatile, and an investor
could lose all or a substantial amount of an investment. Additionally, they may lack transparency as
to share price, valuation and portfolio holdings as they are subject to less regulation and often charge
higher fees.
Sector Allocation
: Our firm allocates client assets to various sectors of the fixed income market,
including US Treasury obligations, federal agency securities, corporate notes, mortgage-backed
securities and others, based on our quantitative and qualitative analysis in order to manage client
exposure to a given sector and to provide exposure to sectors our firm believes to have good value.
The risk of sector allocation is that clients may not participate fully in an increase in value in any
specific sector.
Short-Term Purchases:
When utilizing this strategy, our firm may also purchase securities with the
idea of selling them within a relatively short time (typically a year or less). Our firm does this in an
attempt to take advantage of conditions that our firm believes will soon result in a price swing in the
securities our firm purchase.
Structured Products:
Structured products are designed to facilitate highly customized risk-return
objectives. While structured products come in many different forms, they typically consist of a debt
security that is structured to make interest and principal payments based upon various assets, rates
or formulas. Many structured products include an embedded derivative component. Structured
products may be structured in the form of a security, in which case these products may receive
benefits provided under federal securities law, or they may be cast as derivatives, in which case they
are offered in the over-the-counter market and are subject to no regulation.
Investing in structured products includes significant risks, including valuation, lack of liquidity, price,
credit and market risks. The relative lack of liquidity is due to the highly customized nature of the
investment and the fact that the full extent of returns from the complex performance features is often
not realized until maturity.
Another risk with structured products is the credit quality of the issuer. Although the cash flows are
derived from other sources, the products themselves are legally considered to be the issuing financial
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institution's liabilities. The vast majority of structured products are from high-investment-grade
issuers only. Also, there is a lack of pricing transparency. There is no uniform standard for pricing,
making it harder to compare the net-of-pricing attractiveness of alternative structured product
offerings than it is, for instance, to compare the net expense ratios of different mutual funds or
commissions among broker-dealers.
Variable Annuities (“VA”):
A variable annuity is a type of annuity contract that allows for the
accumulation of capital on a tax-deferred basis. As opposed to a fixed annuity that offers a guaranteed
interest rate and a minimum payment at annuitization, variable annuities offer investors the
opportunity to generate higher rates of returns by investing in equity and bond subaccounts. If a
variable annuity is annuitized for income, the income payments can vary based on the performance
of the subaccounts. Risks associated with VAs may include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Taxes and federal penalties for early withdrawal
Surrender charges for early withdrawal can last for years
Earnings taxed at ordinary income tax rates
Mortality expense to compensate the insurance company for insurance risks
Fees and expenses imposed for the subaccounts
Other features with additional fees and charges
Investment losses
Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. While the stock
market may increase and the account(s) could enjoy a gain, it is also possible that the stock market
may decrease, and the account(s) could suffer a loss. It is important that clients understand the risks
associated with investing in the stock market, and that their assets are appropriately diversified in
investments. Clients are encouraged to ask our firm any questions regarding their risk tolerance.
Capital Risk:
Capital risk is one of the most basic, fundamental risks of investing; it is the risk that
you may lose 100% of your money. All investments carry some form of risk, and the loss of capital is
generally a risk for any investment instrument.
Company Risk:
When investing in stock positions, there is always a certain level of company or
industry specific risk that is inherent in each investment. This is also referred to as unsystematic risk
and can be reduced through appropriate diversification. There is the risk that the company will
perform poorly or have its value reduced based on factors specific to the company or its industry. For
example, if a company’s employees go on strike or the company receives unfavorable media attention
for its actions, the value of the company may be reduced.
Economic Risk:
The prevailing economic environment is important to the health of all businesses.
Some companies, however, are more sensitive to changes in the domestic or global economy than
others. These types of companies are often referred to as cyclical businesses. Countries in which a
large portion of businesses are in cyclical industries are thus also very economically sensitive and
carry a higher amount of economic risk. If an investment is issued by a party located in a country that
experiences wide swings from an economic standpoint or in situations where certain elements of an
investment instrument are hinged on dealings in such countries, the investment instrument will
generally be subject to a higher level of economic risk.
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Equity (Stock) Market Risk:
Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations
and volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers
change. If you held common stock, or common stock equivalents, of any given issuer, you would
generally be exposed to greater risk than if you held preferred stocks and debt obligations of the
issuer.
ETF & Mutual Fund Risk
: When investing in an ETF or mutual fund, you will bear additional
expenses based on your pro rata share of the ETF’s or mutual fund’s operating expenses, including
the potential duplication of management fees. The risk of owning an ETF or mutual fund generally
reflects the risks of owning the underlying securities, the ETF, or mutual fund holds. Clients will also
incur brokerage costs when purchasing ETFs.
Financial Risk
: Financial risk is represented by internal disruptions within an investment or the
issuer of an investment that can lead to unfavorable performance of the investment. Examples of
financial risk can be found in cases like Enron or many of the dot com companies that were caught up
in a period of extraordinary market valuations that were not based on solid financial footings of the
companies.
Fixed Income Securities Risk:
Typically, the values of fixed-income securities change inversely with
prevailing interest rates. Therefore, a fundamental risk of fixed-income securities is interest rate risk,
which is the risk that their value will generally decline as prevailing interest rates rise, which may
cause your account value to likewise decrease, and vice versa. How specific fixed income securities
may react to changes in interest rates will depend on the specific characteristics of each security.
Fixed-income securities are also subject to credit risk, prepayment risk, valuation risk, and liquidity
risk. Credit risk is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest and principal in a timely
manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the
price of a bond to decline.
Higher Trading Costs:
For any investment instrument or strategy that involves active or frequent
trading, you may experience larger than usual transaction-related costs. Higher transaction-related
costs can negatively affect overall investment performance.
Inflation Risk
: Inflation risk involves the concern that in the future, your investment or proceeds
from your investment will not be worth what they are today. Throughout time, the prices of resources
and end-user products generally increase and thus, the same general goods and products today will
likely be more expensive in the future. The longer an investment is held, the greater the chance that
the proceeds from that investment will be worth less in the future than what they are today. Said
another way, a dollar tomorrow will likely get you less than what it can today.
Interest Rate Risk:
Certain investments involve the payment of a fixed or variable rate of interest to
the investment holder. Once an investor has acquired or has acquired the rights to an investment that
pays a particular rate (fixed or variable) of interest, changes in overall interest rates in the market
will affect the value of the interest-paying investment(s) they hold. In general, changes in prevailing
interest rates in the market will have an inverse relationship to the value of existing, interest paying
investments. In other words, as interest rates move up, the value of an instrument paying a particular
rate (fixed or variable) of interest will go down. The reverse is generally true as well.
Legal/Regulatory Risk:
Certain investments or the issuers of investments may be affected by
changes in state or federal laws or in the prevailing regulatory framework under which the
investment instrument or its issuer is regulated. Changes in the regulatory environment or tax laws
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Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC
can affect the performance of certain investments or issuers of those investments and thus, can have
a negative impact on the overall performance of such investments.
Liquidity Risk:
Certain assets may not be readily converted into cash or may have a very limited
market in which they trade. This can create a substantial delay in the receipt of proceeds from an
investment. Liquidity risk can also result in unfavorable pricing when exiting (i.e. not being able to
quickly get out of an investment before the price drops significantly) a particular investment and
therefore, can have a negative impact on investment returns.
Market Risk:
The value of your portfolio may decrease if the value of an individual company or
multiple companies in the portfolio decreases or if our belief about a company’s intrinsic worth is
incorrect. Further, regardless of how well individual companies perform, the value of your portfolio
could also decrease if there are deteriorating economic or market conditions. It is important to
understand that the value of your investment may fall, sometimes sharply, in response to changes in
the market, and you could lose money. Investment risks include price risk as may be observed by a
drop in a security’s price due to company specific events (e.g. earnings disappointment or downgrade
in the rating of a bond) or general market risk (e.g. such as a “bear” market when stock values fall in
general). For fixed-income securities, a period of rising interest rates could erode the value of a bond
since bond values generally fall as bond yields go up. Past performance is not a guarantee of future
returns.
Options Risk:
Options on securities may be subject to greater fluctuations in value than an
investment in the underlying securities. Additionally, options have an expiration date, which makes
them “decay” in value over the amount of time they are held and can expire worthless. Purchasing
and writing put and call options are highly specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary
investment risks.
Past Performance:
Charting and technical analysis are often used interchangeably. Technical
analysis generally attempts to forecast an investment’s future potential by analyzing its past
performance and other related statistics. In particular, technical analysis often times involves an
evaluation of historical pricing and volume of a particular security for the purpose of forecasting
where future price and volume figures may go. As with any investment analysis method, technical
analysis runs the risk of not knowing the future and thus, investors should realize that even the most
diligent and thorough technical analysis cannot predict or guarantee the future performance of any
particular investment instrument or issuer thereof.
Preferred Securities Risk:
Preferred Securities such as the preferred stock underlying this strategy
have similar characteristics to bonds in that preferred securities are designed to make fixed payments
based on a percentage of their par value and are senior to common stock. Like bonds, the market
value of preferred securities is sensitive to changes in interest rates as well as changes in issuer credit
quality. Preferred securities, however, are junior to bonds with regard to the distribution of corporate
earnings and liquidation in the event of bankruptcy. Preferred securities that are in the form of
preferred stock also differ from bonds in that dividends on preferred stock must be declared by the
issuer’s board of directors, whereas interest payments on bonds generally do not require action by
the issuer’s board of directors, and bondholders generally have protections that preferred
stockholders do not have, such as indentures that are designed to guarantee payments – subject to the
credit quality of the issuer – with terms and conditions for the benefit of bondholders. In contrast
preferred stocks generally pay dividends, not interest payments, which can be deferred or stopped
in the event of credit stress without triggering bankruptcy or default. Another difference
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Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC
is that preferred dividends are paid from the issue’s after-tax profits, while bond interest is paid
before taxes.
Strategy Risk:
There is no guarantee that the investment strategies discussed herein will work under
all market conditions and each investor should evaluate his/her ability to maintain any investment
he/she is considering in light of his/her own investment time horizon. Investments are subject to
risk, including possible loss of principal.
Description of Material, Significant or Unusual Risks
Our firm generally invests client cash balances in money market funds, FDIC Insured Certificates of
Deposit, high-grade commercial paper and/or government backed debt instruments. Ultimately, our
firm tries to achieve the highest return on client cash balances through relatively low-risk
conservative investments. In most cases, at least a partial cash balance will be maintained in a money
market account so that our firm may debit advisory fees for our services related to our
Comprehensive Portfolio Management service.
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
There are no legal or disciplinary events that are material to the evaluation of our advisory business
or the integrity of our management.
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations
Licensed Insurance Agents:
Investment Adviser Representatives of our firm are insurance agents. They offer insurance products
and receive customary fees as a result of insurance sales. A conflict of interest exists as these
insurance sales create an incentive to recommend products based on the compensation adviser
and/or our supervised persons may earn. To mitigate this potential conflict, our firm will act in the
client’s best interest.
Dynasty Network
Our firm maintains a business relationship with Dynasty Financial Partners, LLC (“Dynasty”). Dynasty
offers operational and back-office core service support including access to a network of service
providers. Through the Dynasty network of service providers, we may receive preferred pricing on
trading, technology, transition support, reporting, custody, brokerage, compliance, and other related
consulting services.
While we believe this open architecture structure for operational services best serves the interest of
our Clients, this relationship may potentially present certain conflicts of interest due to the fact that
Dynasty is paid by us or our Clients for the services referenced above. In light of the foregoing, we
seek at all times to ensure that any material conflicts are addressed on a fully-disclosed basis and
handled in a manner that is aligned with the Client’s best interest. We do not receive any portion of
the fees paid directly to Dynasty, its affiliates or the service providers made available through
Dynasty’s platform. In addition, we review such relationships, including the service providers
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Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC
engaged through Dynasty, on a periodic basis in an effort to ensure you are receiving competitive
rates in relation to the quality and scope of the services provided.
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in
Client Transactions & Personal Trading
Description of Our Code of Ethics:
We strive to comply with applicable laws and regulations governing our practices. Therefore, our Code
of Ethics includes guidelines for professional standards of conduct for persons associated with our firm.
Our goal is to protect your interests at all times and to demonstrate our commitment to our fiduciary
duties of honesty, good faith, and fair dealing with you. All persons associated with our firm are expected
to adhere strictly to these guidelines. Persons associated with our firm are also required to report any
violations of our Code of Ethics. Additionally, we maintain and enforce written policies reasonably
designed to prevent the misuse or dissemination of material, non-public information about you or your
account holdings by persons associated with our firm.
Clients or prospective clients may obtain a copy of our Code of Ethics by contacting us at the telephone
number on the cover page of this brochure.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions:
Neither our firm nor any persons associated with our firm has any material financial interest in client
transactions beyond the provision of investment advisory services as disclosed in this brochure.
Personal Trading Practices:
Our firm or persons associated with our firm may buy or sell the same securities that we recommend to
you or securities in which you are already invested. A conflict of interest exists in such cases because we
have the ability to trade ahead of you and potentially receive more favorable prices than you will receive.
To mitigate this conflict of interest, it is our policy that neither our firm nor persons associated with our
firm shall have priority over your account in the purchase or sale of securities.
Aggregated Trading:
Our firm or persons associated with our firm may buy or sell securities for you at the same time we or
persons associated with our firm buy or sell such securities for our own account. We may also combine
our orders to purchase securities with your orders to purchase securities ("aggregated trading"). Refer
to the Brokerage Practices section in this brochure for information on our aggregated trading practices.
A conflict of interest exists in such cases because we have the ability to trade ahead of you and potentially
receive more favorable prices than you will receive. To mitigate this conflict of interest, it is our policy
that neither our firm nor persons associated with our firm shall have priority over your account in the
purchase or sale of securities.
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
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Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC
Selecting a Brokerage/Custodian Firm
Item 15
While our firm does not maintain physical custody of client assets, we are deemed to have custody of
Custody
certain client assets if given the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts (see
•
•
•
•
•
•
, below). Client assets must be maintained by a qualified custodian. Our firm seeks to
recommend a custodian who will hold client assets and execute transactions on terms that are overall
most advantageous when compared to other available providers and their services. The factors
•
considered, among others, are these:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Custody services provided
Frequency and correction of trading errors
Ability to access a variety of market venues
Expertise as it relates to specific securities
Financial condition
Quality of services
Timeliness of execution
Timeliness and accuracy of trade confirmations
Research services provided
Execution facilitation services provided
Record keeping services provided
Business reputation
Ability to provide investment ideas
Our firm has an arrangement with National Financial Services LLC and Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC
(collectively, and together with all affiliates, "Fidelity") through which Fidelity provides our firm with
"institutional platform services." Our firm is independently operated and owned and is not affiliated with
Fidelity. The institutional platform services include, among others, brokerage, custody, and other related
services. Fidelity's institutional platform services that assist us in managing and administering clients'
accounts include software and other technology that (i) provide access to client account data (such as
trade confirmations and account statements); (ii) facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated
trade orders for multiple client accounts; (iii) provide research, pricing and other market data; (iv)
facilitate payment of fees from its clients' accounts; and (v) assist with back-office functions,
recordkeeping and client reporting.
Fidelity may make certain research and brokerage services available at no additional cost to our firm.
include: research reports on
Research products and services provided by Fidelity may
recommendations or other information about particular companies or industries; economic surveys,
data and analyses; financial publications; portfolio evaluation services; financial database software and
services; computerized news and pricing services; quotation equipment for use in running software
used in investment decision-making; and other products or services that provide lawful and appropriate
assistance by Fidelity to our firm in the performance of our investment decision-making responsibilities.
The aforementioned research and brokerage services qualify for the safe harbor exemption defined in
Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Fidelity does not make fees generated by client transactions available for our firm’s use. The
aforementioned research and brokerage services are used by our firm to manage accounts for which
our firm has investment discretion. Without this arrangement, our firm might be compelled to
purchase the same or similar services at our own expense.
As part of our fiduciary duty to our clients, our firm will endeavor at all times to put the interests of
our clients first. Clients should be aware, however, that the receipt of economic benefits by our firm
or our related persons creates a potential conflict of interest and may indirectly influence our firm’s
choice of Fidelity as a custodial recommendation. Our firm examined this potential conflict of interest
when our firm chose to recommend Fidelity and have determined that the recommendation is in the
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Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC
best interest of our firm’s clients and satisfies our fiduciary obligations, including our duty to seek best
execution.
Our clients may pay a transaction fee or commission to Fidelity that is higher than another qualified
broker dealer might charge to effect the same transaction where our firm determines in good faith
that the commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services
provided to the client as a whole.
In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the
transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of a
broker-dealer’s services, including the value of research provided, execution capability, commission
rates, and responsiveness. Although our firm will seek competitive rates, to the benefit of all clients,
our firm may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for specific client account
transactions.
Transition Assistance
In addition to the economic benefits mentioned above, Fidelity provided our firm with financial
assistance to aid in the transitioning of our representatives’ books of business to Fidelity’s platform
(“Transition Assistance”). This financial assistance can be applied toward qualifying third-party
service provider expenses incurred in relation to transition costs or the provision of core services.
This may include, but is not limited to, support of the firm’s research, marketing, technology, or
software platforms. The receipt of Transition Assistance creates a conflict of interest for our firm to
recommend clients use Fidelity to custody their assets. In attempt to mitigate this conflict of interest,
our firm has evaluated Fidelity’s full suite of services and recommends the use of Fidelity based on
the overall value of such services. In any case, Clients should be aware of our conflict of interest and
consider it when determining whether to custody their assets with Fidelity.
Aside from this, our firm does not receive soft dollars more than what is allowed by Section 28(e) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The safe harbor research products and services obtained by our
firm will generally be used to service all our clients but not necessarily all at any one particular time.
Client Fees for Transactions
Fidelity does not make client fees generated by client transactions available for our firm’s use.
Client Transactions in Return for Soft Dollars
Our firm does not direct client transactions to a particular broker-dealer in return for soft dollar
benefits.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
Our firm does not receive brokerage for client referrals.
Directed Brokerage
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Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC
Neither our firm nor any of our firm’s representatives have discretionary authority in making the
determination of the brokers-dealers and/or custodians with whom orders for the purchase or sale
of securities are placed for execution, and the commission rates at which such securities transactions
are effected. Our firm routinely recommends that clients direct us to execute through a specified
broker-dealer. Our firm recommends the use of Fidelity. Each client will be required to establish their
account(s) with Fidelity if not already done. Please note that not all advisers have this requirement.
Special Considerations for ERISA Clients
A retirement or ERISA plan client may direct all or part of portfolio transactions for its account
through a specific broker or dealer in order to obtain goods or services on behalf of the plan. Such
direction is permitted provided that the goods and services provided are reasonable expenses of the
plan incurred in the ordinary course of its business for which it otherwise would be obligated and
empowered to pay. ERISA prohibits directed brokerage arrangements when the goods or services
purchased are not for the exclusive benefit of the plan. Consequently, our firm will request that plan
sponsors who direct plan brokerage provide us with a letter documenting that this arrangement will
be for the exclusive benefit of the plan.
Client-Directed Brokerage
Our firm allows clients to direct brokerage outside our recommendation. Our firm may be unable to
achieve the most favorable execution of client transactions. Client directed brokerage may cost clients
more money. For example, in a directed brokerage account, clients may pay higher brokerage
commissions because our firm may not be able to aggregate orders to reduce transaction costs, or
clients may receive less favorable prices.
Aggregation of Purchase or Sale
Our firm provides investment management services for various clients. There are occasions on which
portfolio transactions may be executed as part of concurrent authorizations to purchase or sell the same
security for numerous accounts served by our firm, which involve accounts with similar investment
objectives. Although such concurrent authorizations potentially could be either advantageous or
disadvantageous to any one or more particular accounts, they are affected only when our firm believes
that to do so will be in the best interest of the effected accounts. When such concurrent authorizations
occur, the objective is to allocate the executions in a manner which is deemed equitable to the accounts
involved. In any given situation, our firm attempts to allocate trade executions in the most equitable
manner possible, taking into consideration client objectives, current asset allocation and availability of
funds using price averaging, proration and consistently non-arbitrary methods of allocation.
Mutual Fund Share Classes
Mutual funds are sold with different share classes, which carry different cost structures. Each available
share class is described in the mutual fund's prospectus. When we purchase, or recommend the
purchase of, mutual funds for a client, we select the share class that is deemed to be in the client's best
interest, taking into consideration the availability of advisory, institutional or retirement plan share
classes, initial and ongoing share class costs, transaction costs (if any), tax implications, cost basis and
other factors. We also review the mutual funds held in accounts that come under our management to
determine whether a more beneficial share class is available, considering cost, tax implications, and the
impact of contingent or deferred sales charges.
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Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans
Our management personnel or financial advisors review accounts on at least an annual basis for our
Portfolio Management Services clients. The nature of these reviews is to learn whether client
accounts are in line with their investment objectives, appropriately positioned based on market
conditions, and investment policies, if applicable. Our firm does not provide written reports to clients,
unless asked to do so. Verbal reports to clients take place on at least an annual basis when our
Comprehensive Portfolio Management clients are contacted.
Our firm may review client accounts more frequently than described above. Among the factors which
may trigger an off-cycle review are major market or economic events, the client’s life events, requests
by the client, etc.
Financial Planning clients do not receive reviews of their written plans unless they take action to
schedule a financial consultation with us. Our firm does not provide ongoing services to financial
planning clients, but are willing to meet with such clients upon their request to discuss updates to
their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc. Financial Planning clients do not receive written or
verbal updated reports regarding their financial plans unless they separately engage our firm for a
post-financial plan meeting or update to their initial written financial plan.
Retirement Plan Consulting clients receive reviews of their retirement plans for the duration of the
service. Our firm also provides ongoing services where clients are met with upon their request to
discuss updates to their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc. Retirement Plan Consulting clients
do not receive written or verbal updated reports regarding their plans unless they choose to engage
our firm for ongoing services.
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation
Dynasty has assisted the Firm in negotiating or facilitating payments from Fidelity (“Custodian”) in
the form of credits or monies to be applied toward qualifying third-party service provider expenses
incurred in relation to transition costs or the provision of core services. This may include, but is not
limited to, support of the firm’s research, marketing, technology, or software platforms. The receipt
of transition assistance creates a conflict of interest for our firm to recommend clients to use
Custodian to custody their assets. In attempt to mitigate this conflict of interest, our firm has
evaluated the Custodian’s full suite of services and recommend the use of the Custodian based on the
overall value of such services.
Fidelity
Except for the arrangements outlined in Item 12 of Form ADV Part 2A, our firm has no additional
arrangements to disclose.
Referral Fees
Our firm does not pay referral fees (non-commission based) to independent promoters (non-registered
representatives) for the referral of their clients to our firm in accordance with the Investment Advisors
Act of 1940.
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Product Sponsors
Our firm occasionally sponsors events in conjunction with our product providers in an effort to keep
our clients informed as to the services we offer and the various financial products we utilize. These
events are educational in nature and are not dependent upon the use of any specific product. While a
conflict of interest may exist because these events are at least partially funded by product sponsors, all
funds received from product sponsors are used for the education of our clients. We will always adhere
to our fiduciary duty in recommending appropriate investments for our clients.
Representatives of our firm will occasionally accept travel expense reimbursement provided by
product sponsors in order to attend their educational events. The reimbursement is not directly
dependent upon the recommendation of any specific product. Although we may be incentivized to
recommend products from product sponsors that reimburse our travel, our representatives will
always adhere to their fiduciary duty in recommending appropriate investments for our clients.
Item 15: Custody
Advisory Fee Deduction:
While our firm does not maintain physical custody of client assets (which are maintained by a
qualified custodian, as discussed above), we are deemed to have custody of certain client assets if
given the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts, as further described below under “Third
Party Money Movement.” All of our clients receive account statements directly from their qualified
custodian(s) at least quarterly upon opening of an account. We urge our clients to carefully review
these statements. Additionally, if our firm decides to send its own account statements to clients, such
statements will include a legend that recommends the client compare the account statements
received from the qualified custodian with those received from our firm. Clients are encouraged to
raise any questions with us about the custody, safety or security of their assets and our custodial
recommendations.
Third Party Money Movement:
On February 21, 2017, the SEC issued a no-action letter (“Letter”) with respect to Rule 206(4)-2
(“Custody Rule”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). The letter provided
guidance on the Custody Rule as well as clarified that an adviser who has the power to disburse client
funds to a third party under a standing letter of authorization (“SLOA”) is deemed to have custody.
As such, our firm has adopted the following safeguards in conjunction with our custodian:
•
•
•
The client provides an instruction to the qualified custodian, in writing, that includes the
client’s signature, the third party’s name, and either the third party’s address or the third
party’s account number at a custodian to which the transfer should be directed.
The client authorizes the investment adviser, in writing, either on the qualified custodian’s
form or separately, to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or from
time to time.
The client’s qualified custodian performs appropriate verification of the instruction, such as
a signature review or other method to verify the client’s authorization and provides a transfer
of funds notice to the client promptly after each transfer.
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Fairvoy Private Wealth LLC
•
•
•
•
The client has the ability to terminate or change the instruction to the client’s qualified
custodian.
The investment adviser has no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the
third party, the address, or any other information about the third party contained in the
client’s instruction.
The investment adviser maintains records showing that the third party is not a related party
of the investment adviser or located at the same address as the investment adviser.
The client’s qualified custodian sends the client, in writing, an initial notice confirming the
instruction and an annual notice reconfirming the instruction.
Item 16: Investment Discretion
Clients have the option of providing our firm with investment discretion on their behalf, pursuant to
an executed investment advisory client agreement. By granting investment discretion, our firm is
authorized to execute securities transactions, determine which securities are bought and sold, and
the total amount to be bought and sold. Should clients grant our firm non-discretionary authority, our
firm would be required to obtain the client’s permission prior to effecting securities transactions.
Limitations may be imposed by the client in the form of specific constraints on any of these areas of
discretion with our firm’s written acknowledgement.
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
Our firm does not accept the proxy authority to vote client securities. Clients will receive proxies or
other solicitations directly from their custodian or a transfer agent. In the event that proxies are sent
to our firm, our firm will forward them to the appropriate client and ask the party who sent them to
mail them directly to the client in the future. Clients may call, write, or email us to discuss questions
they may have about particular proxy votes or other solicitations.
Item 18: Financial Information
•
Our firm is not required to provide financial information in this Brochure because:
•
•
•
Our firm does not require the prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees when services cannot
be rendered within 6 months.
Our firm does not take custody of client funds or securities.
Our firm does not have a financial condition or commitment that impairs our ability to meet
contractual and fiduciary obligations to clients.
Our firm has never been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
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