Overview
Assets Under Management: $147 million
Services Offered
Services: Portfolio Management for Individuals
Fee Structure
Primary Fee Schedule (FINAPORT ASSET MANAGEMENT ADV PART 2A BROCHURE)
| Min | Max | Marginal Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $0 | $2,500,000 | 1.25% |
| $2,500,001 | $5,000,000 | 1.25% |
| $5,000,001 | $10,000,000 | 1.15% |
| $10,000,001 | and above | Negotiable |
Illustrative Fee Rates
| Total Assets | Annual Fees | Average Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $1 million | $12,500 | 1.25% |
| $5 million | $62,500 | 1.25% |
| $10 million | $120,000 | 1.20% |
| $50 million | Negotiable | Negotiable |
| $100 million | Negotiable | Negotiable |
Clients
Total Client Accounts: 63
Discretionary Accounts: 44
Non-Discretionary Accounts: 19
Regulatory Filings
CRD Number: 286220
Last Filing Date: 2024-03-26 00:00:00
Website: https://trigonadvisors.com
Form ADV Documents
Additional Brochure: ADV PART 2A - TRIGON INVESTMENT ADVISORS (2025-05-07)
View Document Text
Trigon Investment Advisors AG
Gotthardstrasse 55, 8002 Zurich, Switzerland
Phone: +41 44 304 2205
ADV Part 2A
25 April 2025
Item 1. Cover Page
This brochure (Form ADV Part 2A) provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Trigon
Investment Advisors AG (“Trigon”). Trigon is a registered investment advisor (“RIA”) with the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the
“Advisers Act”).
If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at +41 44 304 2205 or
info@trigonadvisors.com . The information contained in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the
United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) or by any state securities authority. Additional
information about Trigon Investment Advisors AG also is available on the SEC website www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
There is no specific level of skill or training required to “register” as an RIA with the SEC.
Item 2. Material Changes
Since our last annual amendment was filed in March 2025, the following material changes have been made to this
disclosure brochure:
• As of 24. March 2025 the firm changed its name from Finaport Asset Management AG to Trigon Investment
Advisors SA. This change was reflected in the official corporate register of the Canton of Zürich, effective
24. March 2025.
• On 31. March 2025, our then shareholder, Finaport Holding AG, in turn owned by Hellmut Schuemperli and
Alexei Borissov sold all its shares to our new owner, Wolfgang Klien.
• The existing board members have stepped down. New directors have taken office, as shown in Form ADV
Part 1, Schedule A.
• A new Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Compliance Officer have taken office, as disclosed in Form
ADV Part 1, Schedule A.
• There is now one direct owner and no indirect owners of Trigon Investment Advisors SA, Wolfgang Klien,
as shown in Form ADV Part 1, Schedule A and B.
• The position of the former CEO, Patrick Marty, will be upgraded to Board Member in order to assist
Wolfgang Klien with the reorganisation and to ascertain a solid nexus to the former organization.
• As an SEC registered investment advisor, we continue to offer our services uninterrupted. No other
company was involved with this transaction. We did not close, change our legal status, pass our business
to anyone or sell assets or liabilities. As such, this was a change in control. Disclosures have been made
to this effect in our Form ADV Part 1 and updated our Form CRS.
1
Since the last brochure was filed on 27. March 2025, we have had the following material changes, reflected in the
official Register of Companies of the Canton of Zürich, effective 24 March 2025
• We moved our office from Fraumuensterstrasse 9, 8001 Zurich, to Gotthardstrasse 55, 8002 Zurich
• Patrick Marty resigned from his position as CEO as of 31 March 2025 and has been offered to position of
a member of the Board to ensure continuity.
• Wolfgang Klien became CEO and Chief Compliance Officer (CCO).
As disclosed in our last regulatory filing, the application for the Swiss license to act as portfolio manager under
Swiss law will be submitted to FINMA, the Swiss Financial Markets Regulator, in 2025. The submission is currently
in preparation.
As per 1 April, Trigon has no investment advisory clients.
In future filings, this section of the brochure will disclose the material changes that have been added since the last
amendment to this brochure as filed with the SEC and available on the SEC's public disclosure website ("IAPD"),
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. If you would like a copy of this brochure, you may download it from IAPD or contact us.
Item 3. Table of Contents
Item 1. Cover Page
Item 2. Material Changes
Item 3. Table of Contents
Item 4. Advisory Business
Item 5. Fees and Compensation
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees & Side-by-Side Management
Item 7. Types of Clients
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss
Item 9. Disciplinary Information
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
Item 12. Brokerage Practices
Item 13. Review of Accounts
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Item 15. Custody
Item 16. Investment Discretion
Item 17. Voting Client Securities
Item 18. Financial Information
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1
2
3
4
4
6
6
9
9
11
12
15
15
15
15
15
16
2
Item 4. Advisory Business
Firm Description
his or her risk tolerance. Generally, client investments
are concentrated in non-US securities consistent with
most clients’ objective of obtaining jurisdictional
diversification from the US.
Investment Advisors SA
Whilst generally Trigon makes investments with a
longer time horizon, Trigon may recommend changes
to allocations in an attempt to take advantage of
conditions in the current economic environment whilst
being sensitive to transaction costs and taxes, as
applicable. Such allocation changes may involve
short-term underweight or overweight positions to
various asset classes designed to capitalize on
current economic conditions over the short-term.
Trigon's advice is limited to the types of securities and
transactions as set forth in Item 8. Trigon does not
render any legal or tax advice.
Discretionary Asset Management Services
Trigon
(Trigon) was
incorporated in 2007 under Swiss law, in the Canton
of Zürich. Trigon is an advisory firm that provides
investment management and advisory services to
persons and entities who are residents of the United
States and United States citizens located overseas
(U.S. Persons”). Located in Switzerland, the Firm has
been established to give U.S. Persons opportunities
to avail themselves of investment management and
advisory services that focus on a broad range of
international markets and multi-currency alternatives,
in addition to U.S. dollar-based investments in the
U.S. markets. Trigon also serves US taxpayers or
dual citizens living outside the US and in certain
cases may work with clients who are not resident in
the US or US taxpayers.
Principal Owners
Trigon is 100% owned by Wolfgang Klien.
the authority
Services
investment management agreement
both
discretionary
Upon receipt of the license from the Swiss regulator
to operate as portfolio manager (application pending),
Trigon will offer discretionary asset management
to
services whereby Trigon has
supervise and direct the investments of and for each
client’s account without prior consultation with the
client. Trigon determines the securities that are
bought and sold for the client’s account and the total
amount of the purchases and sales. Trigon's authority
may be subject to conditions or restrictions imposed
by individual clients as set forth and agreed upon in
the
(IMA)
entered into between Trigon and the client. For
example, a client may restrict or prohibit transactions
in certain types of securities.
investment
advisory
Conditional upon receiving the requisite license from
FINMA, the Swiss Market Regulator, to act as
portfolio manager under Swiss law (The Financial
Services Act of 2020), Trigon will provide wealth
management solutions to high-net-worth individual
clients as well as companies. Trigon will continue to
offer
asset management
(investment management mandates) and non-
discretionary
services
(investment advisory mandates). Client’s assets are
to be managed in separately managed accounts
("SMAs" or “account”) maintained at a third-party
financial institution.
Trigon seeks to obtain a rate of return consistent with
each client’s objectives, risk tolerance, future liquidity
requirements and potential tax and legal restrictions.
Generally, Trigon manages each client’s portfolio in
the
line with model portfolios constructed by
investment committee of the firm. However, these
model portfolios serve mainly as a general guide,
therefore not every client’s portfolio will replicate the
model portfolio as a result in differences in client risk
tax ramification, client specifications,
tolerance,
liquidity and timing.
traded
Client Accounts following these strategies will be
broadly managed in a similar manner. However,
differences in portfolios may occur due to portfolio
risk
size, client-specific
investment objectives,
As earlier, Trigon client portfolio strategies are
diversified across a variety of asset classes, including
cash, US dollar and non-US dollar currencies,
defensive strategies in marketable securities, growth
strategies in marketable securities, and, in certain
cases, private investments. Accounts may include,
without limitation: equity securities, fixed income
securities, limited partnership interests, mutual funds,
exchange
funds, options,
funds, hedge
structured product investments, digital assets and
other alternative investments consistent with a client’s
suitability, his or her overall investment strategy, and
TRigo3
time horizon,
liquidity needs,
tolerance,
tax
considerations, reference currency, legal restrictions
and overall suitability.
Non-discretionary Asset Management Services
termination of any relationship, accrued, unpaid fees
will be due and payable.
Trigon may waive, discount and/or negotiate fees at
its discretion. Trigon may also charge additional fees
for services outside the scope of the services
described above. Any additional fees are to be agreed
in writing by the client and disclosed accordingly.
Trigon generally relies on the custodian bank to value
the assets in each client’s account. Trigon typically
will arrange with the custodian for the direct payment
of its fees from the client’s account.
For clients who desire a non-discretionary investment
advisory service, Trigon will offer investment advice
similarly to its discretionary asset management
service in a non-discretionary mandate whereby prior
consultation and client approval is required before
Trigon purchases or sells any security. Trigon works
with its non-discretionary clients to define their
investment objectives and consults with each client
on a regular basis with investment suggestions in line
with the defined objectives.
Wrap Fee Programs
Trigon is a fee-only investment advisor and does not
receive undisclosed remuneration from third parties in
connection with its investment advisory services.
Discounts, finder’s fees or any other remuneration
received by Trigon from third parties will be disclosed
to the client and, unless otherwise agreed upon in
writing with the client, be credited to the client’s
account.
Other Fees and Expenses you may incur
Trigon does not participate in any wrap fee programs.
This means the custodian and Trigon will always
invoice separately. The client has full transparency of
all fees charged by Trigon.
Assets under Management
fees
for
trade
As per 22. April 2025, Trigon has no assets under
management.
Fees charged by Trigon do not include custodian
fees,
settlement, brokerage
commissions, taxes or any other third-party charges.
The fees also do not include management or other
fees charged by funds or other products that client
accounts may be invested in from time to time.
Item 5. Fees and Compensation
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees & Side-by-Side
Management
Performance-Based Fees
into performance-based
Trigon's fees generally are charged as a percentage
of the market value of assets under management
(“AUM”) or assets under advisement (“AUA”). The
asset management fee charged is levied quarterly on
the basis of the average assets at the start of the
three months of each quarter (e.g. for the first quarter
of a year the average assets are the average assets
per 1 January, 1 February, 1 March). The fee
generally is charged either in the reference currency
of the account, or as an equivalent in Swiss Francs.
Annual Percentage Fee Schedule
investment
strategies
and
As show the tables below, Trigon offers its clients
different
several
management fees for each of them.
Trigon does not have a minimum amount of assets to
be managed.
Trigon may enter
fee
to
arrangements with qualified clients subject
individualized agreements with each client. To the
extent Trigon may enter into performance or incentive
fee arrangements, it will do so in accordance with
Section 205(a)(1) of the Advisers Act and Rule 205-
3. Only clients who meet the following requirements
may opt for the performance-based fee scheme: (i)
clients with at least $ 1,100,000 under management
with Trigon; (ii) clients with more than $ 2,200,000 of
net worth, excluding the value of the primary
residence and certain debt secured by the property;
or (iii) clients who are qualified purchasers under
Section 2(a)(51) of the Investment Advisors Act of
1940, as amended (which generally is defined to
include only individuals with more than $ 5,000,000 in
investments or an entity such as corporations, trusts,
Accounts initiated or terminated during a calendar
quarter will be charged on a pro-rata basis. Upon
4
partnerships, or institutional investor that owns and
invests on a discretionary basis at least $ 25 million in
investments).
Agreement,
adjusted
for
the year, the performance-based fee will be due at the
time of the cancellation, calculated as difference
between AUM at the beginning of the calendar year
and AUM at the time of the cancellation of the
Advisory
any
inflows/outflows of funds during the period. New
relationships established during the year will be
charged at the respective pro-rated fee. At the time
the amount is charged to the account, and upon
request by the client, Trigon will notify the client in
writing that the fee has been debited and include the
its
calculation basis. Trigon will generally bill
management fee quarterly and its performance fee
annually.
Side-by-Side Management
the adviser will
fee which
When managing many client accounts and because
of differences in the fees charged on various
accounts, Trigon has conflicts related to such side-by-
side management of different accounts. For example,
Trigon may manage more
than one account
according to the same or a substantially similar
investment strategy and yet have a different fee
schedule applicable to such account because of the
respective clients’ AUM with Trigon.
Trigon may therefore offer investment management
services on both (i) an annual percentage fee basis,
and (ii) on a combined annual percentage fee plus
performance fee basis, which includes a reduced
fixed annual percentage fee. As previously outlined,
when we manage assets on a performance basis, the
performance fee we receive in addition to our annual
percentage fee is 10% of the annual increase in the
AUM, adjusted for asset deposits and withdrawals.
When an
investment adviser, such as Trigon,
manages client assets simultaneously on both a
performance fee and non-performance fee basis
(commonly referred to as side-by-side management)
there is a general perception that certain “conflicts of
interest” could exist, which include: (i) the adviser may
take additional risks in managing performance based
assets because the adviser will share in gains and
income generated in performance based accounts,
and (ii) the adviser may favor performance based
accounts over non-performance based accounts,
receive a
again, because
performance-based
increases with
enhanced performance.
into a performance
Trigon may potentially receive higher fees with a
performance-based compensation structure
than
from accounts that pay the asset-based fee schedule
as described above. To minimize this conflict, Trigon
generally will enter
fee
arrangement only upon the specific request of a client
or in the case of specific investment performance
objectives.
The performance fee is calculated at the beginning of
every year on the basis of the performance of the
preceding year.
Side-by-side management of different
types of
accounts may raise conflicts of interest when two or
more accounts invest in the same securities or pursue
a similar, although not identical, strategy. These
potential conflicts include the favorable or preferential
treatment of an account or a group of accounts,
conflicts related to the allocation of investment
opportunities, particularly with respect to securities
that have limited availability, such as new bond
subscriptions, and transactions in one account that
closely follow related transactions in a different
account. In addition, the results of the investment
activities for one account may differ significantly from
the results achieved for other accounts, particularly if
Trigon individually tailors’ clients’ accounts.
The performance-based fee component is 10% of any
positive annual return, which is calculated based
upon
the difference between the AUM at the
beginning of the year (or if a new account, when the
account is established) and the AUM at the end of the
year, adjusted for any inflows/outflows of funds during
the year. The performance-based fee will be paid at
the beginning of every calendar year, based on the
performance of the previous year. In the event that a
client participating in a performance fee program
decides to cancel its Investment Advisory Agreement
/ Asset Management Agreement with our firm during
Trigon has policies and procedures in place aimed at
ensuring that all client accounts are fairly and
equitably treated. Trigon strives to equitably allocate
investment opportunities among relevant accounts
over time. In addition, investment decisions for each
account are made with specific reference to the
individual needs and objectives of the account.
Accordingly, Trigon may give advice or exercise
investment responsibility or take other actions for
some clients (including related persons) that may
5
invited
to
the
differ from the advice given, or the timing and nature
of actions taken, for other clients. Investment results
for different accounts, including accounts that are
generally managed in a similar style, also may differ
because of these considerations. Some clients may
not participate at all in some investments in which
other clients participate or may participate to a
different degree or at a different time.
CEO and other members are
Committee.
The Committee has a fixed agenda and includes
updates about market developments, discussions
about markets (USA, Europe, and other markets), an
examination of changes in the composition of the
mandates that the company offers to its clients, an
update about the investment policy of the CIO and
other issues on an ad hoc basis, or in accordance with
events in the various markets.
Item 7. Types of Clients
this
strategy,
there are
investment
Under
predominantly three investment strategies:
individual
clients,
Trigon will offer investment management services to
high-net-worth
families,
corporations, trusts and charities.
(i) Conservative
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment
Strategies & Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis
Our methods of analysis include reviewing the global
macro-economic financial environment and political
landscape to determine how to best invest via various
asset classes, currencies and specific investments.
Our conservative portfolios emphasize real-term
capital preservation with portfolio earnings obtained
primarily through steady income. We focus on making
recommendations and investments which are below
average risk. When implementing a conservative
structure, we focus on liquidity and fixed income
securities (bonds) are over weighted compared to
equity securities. A typical conservative portfolio will
be composed of approximately 80% fixed-income
securities and 20% equity securities.
The conservative investment strategy
•
We may use a combination of both fundamental
analyses as well as a technical analysis in making
investment decisions:
•
seeks to achieve moderate long-term growth
in the value of assets
returns are generated from income (interest,
dividends) combined with modest capital
gains
• modest risk, low fluctuations in the value of
assets.
(ii) Balanced
> Fundamental Analysis: In terms of fundamental
analysis, we will apply fundamental economic
analysis and take into consideration factors such
as interest rates, inflation, unemployment, public
and foreign debt, trade balances, monetary and
fiscal policy, geopolitical developments and many
other factors.
> Technical Analysis: In terms of technical analysis,
we may only use it as a timing tool to make buying
and selling decisions, rather than what securities
or currencies to buy. The use of technical analysis
will be limited.
Investment Strategies
Clients that select us to provide either investment
management or advisory services can select one of
the three following investment strategies:
1.
Investment Committee strategies
Our balanced portfolios are based upon obtaining
real-term capital preservation and long-term capital
growth, with portfolio earnings through steady income
and capital and currency gains. When implementing
a balanced portfolio, we
focus on making
recommendations and investments that have an
average risk tolerance, with some fluctuation in asset
value We might use derivative instruments to hedge
against such fluctuations via hedging. Liquidity and
fixed-income securities (bonds) are either slightly
over or underweighted compared
to equities
depending on our view of the markets and relative
value considerations. A typical balanced structure will
be composed of approximately 50% fixed-income
securities and 50% equity securities.
The balanced investment strategy
• seeks to achieve long-term growth in the value
of assets
The company's investment committee gathers once a
month. The company's Relationship Managers, the
6
income
•
returns generated
from current
(interest/dividends) and capital gains
medium risk, mid-size fluctuations in the
value of assets.
(iii) Growth
When selecting the satellite holdings of the equity
portfolio (approximately 25-50%), we try to identify
“trends” (i.e., alternative energy, emerging markets,
etc.) and hope to outperform the market in the short
term. We realize that with this part of the investment
strategy there is a risk that we invest in “trends” that
may never materialize in higher equity prices, or in
trends’ that may be and remain out of favor and
volatility may be higher than in our core holdings.
Both the core and satellite holdings carry a risk of
possible loss of principal, and/or our investment
strategy could underperform other
types of
investments.
Types of Securities
Our growth structure is based upon obtaining long-
term capital growth primarily through capital and
currency gains. When
implementing a growth
structure, we focus on investments that have an
above-average risk tolerance whereby a higher
degree of fluctuation in asset value may occur.
Derivative investments are used in developing and
implementing a dynamic portfolio structure. Equities
are overweighted compared to liquidity and fixed-
income (bonds) securities. A typical growth structure
will be composed of approximately 80% equity
securities and 20% fixed-income securities.
The growth investment strategy
•
•
seeks to maximize asset growth long-term
return generated from capital gains with a
lower consideration of generating income
(from interests and dividends)
• high risk, large fluctuations in the value of
foreign exchange
assets.
In addition to these three main investment strategies
Trigon also offers pure Fixed Income or pure Equity
Investment Strategies with allocations of up to 100%
in the relevant asset class.
Trigon offers investment management and advisory
services on the following types of securities and
transactions: exchange-listed securities, securities
traded over-the-counter, securities issued by non-US
issuers, corporate debt securities
(and other
commercial paper), certificates of deposit, investment
company securities such as mutual funds, US or
traded
foreign government securities, exchange
funds,
transactions, certain
derivatives or structured products, digital assets and
in certain cases private fund investments. Some of
these securities, particularly those issued outside of
the US, may not be registered with the SEC. Trigon is
able to invest clients on a discretionary basis in
securities offered outside the US to non-US investors
in reliance on Regulation S under the Securities Act
of 1933.
to selecting one of
2. Tailored client services
In addition
the strategies
mentioned above, Trigon offers also portfolio
structures that are individually tailored to the needs
and objectives of each client. Clients may impose
further restrictions on investing in certain securities or
types of securities.
Investments in private funds or structured products
may be limited to “accredited investors” or “qualified
purchasers,” and may require investors to lock-up
their assets for a period of time. These investments
may have limited, or no liquidity and they may involve
different risks than investing in registered funds and
other publicly offered and traded securities. In the
context of a discretionary mandate, Trigon may invest
client accounts into such securities without client
consent.
in
making
Trigon will rely on the accuracy of a client’s
representations
corresponding
representations regarding the investment restrictions
on behalf of a client’s account in connection with
certain derivative, private fund or other similar
investments with qualification restrictions. Trigon
types of
When selecting the core holdings of the equity
portfolio (approximately 50-75%), Trigon focusses its
fundamental analysis on factors such as cash flow,
Price/Earnings ratio, Price/Book Ratio, Price/Sales
Ratio, and generally select securities that are traded
at a discount to the market. Even though we believe
that purchasing securities at a discount to their
intrinsic value provides an investor with an adequate
“margin of safety“, we realize that this investment
strategy carries a risk of possible loss of capital over
shorter time periods, and our investment strategy
could underperform
investment
the
strategies.
7
requires notification by the client if the client’s
representations become inaccurate.
Material Investment Risks
rating agencies. Prices are often closely linked with
the company’s stock prices. High-yield securities can
experience sudden and sharp price swings due to
changes
in economic conditions, stock market
activity, large sales by major investors, default, or
other factors. Developments in the credit market may
have a substantial impact on the companies Trigon
may invest in and will affect the success of such
investments. In the event of a default, the investment
may suffer a partial or total loss.
Clients should bear in mind that investing in securities
involves a risk of loss. Clients should be prepared to
bear the risk of losing their investment in securities.
Past performance is not an indication as to future
performance.
Among other risks, all investments made by Trigon
will be subject to market risk, liquidity risk, and interest
rate risk, and may be subject
to credit and
counterparty risk, risk in fluctuations of commodity
pricing, risk of loss due to political and economic
developments in foreign markets, and risks involving
movements in the currency markets.
funds. Each
fund and
charge
level of
Market Risk: Market risk refers to the risk of loss
arising from general economic and market conditions,
such as interest rates, availability of credit, inflation
rates, commodity prices, economic uncertainty,
changes in laws and national and international
political circumstances. Each account is subject to
market risk, which will affect volatility of securities
prices and liquidity. Such volatility or illiquidity could
impair profitability or result in losses.
factors affecting
fall
Risk Related to Equity Investments: Investments in
equity securities generally involve a high degree of
risk. Prices are volatile and market movements are
difficult to predict. These price movements may result
individual companies or
from
industries. Price changes may be temporary or last
for extended periods. The value of specific equity
investments generally correlates to the fundamentals
of each particular security, but prices of equity
regardless of
rise or
investments may
fundamentals due
in securities
to movements
markets.
Risks Related to Investments in Funds: For purposes
of this discussion, the term “Fund” includes, but is not
limited to, a US or non-US unit investment trusts,
open-end and closed-end mutual funds, hedge funds,
private equity funds, venture capital funds, real estate
investment trusts, exchange traded funds (“ETFs”)
and any other private alternative or investment fund.
Investments in funds carry risks associated with
particular
its respective
its own
investment managers will
management and other fees, which will result in the
client bearing an additional
fees and
expenses. US mutual funds generally must distribute
all gains to investors, including investors who may not
have an economic gain from investing in the fund,
which can lead to negative tax effects on investors,
particularly non-US persons. Investments in certain
non-US funds by US persons result in US tax and
reporting obligations and failing to comply with such
requirements can result in significant penalties.
Funds generally have unique risks of loss as
described in their offering documents. Funds can
make use of leverage to enhance returns, which raise
the risk of default, interest rate risk, and increase
volatility. Certain funds invest in derivatives, which
can raise specific counter-party risks. Funds that are
not traded can have illiquidity and valuation risks
resulting in the inability to redeem or sell the fund
when necessary. See the discussion below relating to
risks in structured products and derivatives for more
information on the risks of investing in funds.
to Fixed
Income
invest
Risks related to Structured Products & Derivatives:
Trigon may
in structured products or
derivatives or invest in funds that hold investments in
structured products or derivatives. In addition to the
risks that apply to all investments in securities,
investing in and engaging in derivative instruments
and transactions may involve different types of risk
and possibly greater levels of risk. These risks
include, but are not limited to the following:
Risks Related
Investments:
Investments in fixed income securities (i.e., bonds)
represent numerous risks such as credit, interest rate,
reinvestment, and prepayment risk, all of which affect
the value of the security and volatility of such value.
In general, bonds with longer maturities are more
sensitive to price changes. Additionally, the prices of
high-yield, fixed-income securities fluctuate more
than high-quality debt issues. Prices are especially
sensitive to developments affecting the company’s
business and to changes in the ratings assigned by
8
conditions; but this liquidity may disappear during
times of market instability or severe disruption.
leverage may have
Less Accurate Valuation: The absence of a liquid
market for over-the-counter derivatives increases the
likelihood that Trigon will be unable to correctly value
these investments.
Leverage. Certain investment instruments such as
derivatives may use leverage to achieve returns. The
the effect of
use of
disproportionately increasing an account’s exposure
to the market for the securities or other assets
underlying the derivative position and the sensitivity
of an account’s portfolio to changes in market prices
increases both the
for those assets. Leverage
positive impact of successful investment decisions
and the negative impact of unsuccessful investment
decisions by Trigon on the performance of the
investment portfolio.
that
Risks Relating
to Foreign Currency Exposure:
Accounts managed by Trigon are routinely subject to
foreign exchange risks and bear a potential risk of
loss arising from fluctuations in value between the US
Dollar and such other currencies. Trigon may decide
to invest in securities and instruments which are
denominated in currencies other than US Dollars.
Some clients’ accounts hold significant foreign cash
positions. Accordingly, the value of such assets may
be affected favorably or unfavorably by fluctuations in
currency rates. Often clients are seeking this foreign
currency exposure. Trigon may seek to hedge foreign
currency exposure of an investment portfolio. In other
situations, Trigon may decide not to hedge the
currency exposure outside the reference currency of
an investment portfolio.
Investments:
Investments
Counterparty Credit Risk: When a derivative is
purchased, a client’s account will be subject to the
ability and willingness of the other party to the
contract (a “counterparty”) to perform its obligations
under the contract. Although exchange traded futures
and options contracts are usually backed by a
guarantee from a clearing corporation, an account
could loose the benefit of a contract in the unlikely
event
the clearing corporation becomes
insolvent. A counterparty’s obligations under a
forward contract, over-the-counter option, swap or
other over-the-counter derivative contract may not be
guaranteed. If the counterparty to an over-the-counter
contract fails to perform its obligations, an account
may lose the benefit of the contract and may have
difficulty reclaiming any collateral that an account may
have deposited with the counterparty.
Non-US
in non-US
securities expose the client’s portfolio to risks which
are in addition to those risks associated with
investments in US securities. Such risks include,
amongst others, trade balances and imbalances,
economic policies of various foreign governments,
exchange control regulations, withholding taxation,
potential for nationalization of assets or industries,
and political instability of foreign nations.
Item 9. Disciplinary Information
Trigon has not been involved in any legal or
disciplinary events.
in
Lack of Correlation: The market value of a derivative
position may correlate imperfectly with the market
price of the asset underlying the derivative position.
To the extent that a derivative position is being used
to hedge against changes in the value of assets in an
account, a lack of price correlation between the
derivative position and the hedged asset may result
in an account’s assets being incompletely hedged or
not completely offsetting price changes
the
derivative position.
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and
Affiliations
As of the time of this report Trigon is not yet registered
with the Swiss financial markets regulatory authority
but such is currently in the process of registration with
the Swiss Financial Markets Supervisory Authority.
Illiquidity: Over-the-counter derivative contracts are
usually subject to restrictions on transfer, and there is
no liquid market for these instruments. Although it is
often possible to negotiate the termination of an over-
the-counter contract, or to enter into an offsetting
contract, a counterparty may be unable or unwilling to
terminate a contract with a party, especially during
times of market instability or disruption. The markets
for many exchange-traded futures, options and other
instruments are quite liquid during normal market
Trigon's management personnel are neither
registered, nor have an application pending to
register as broker-dealers, registered representatives
of a broker-dealer, future commission merchants,
trading
commodity pool operators, commodity
9
advisors, or associated persons of the foregoing
entities.
10
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest
in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
The Code also provides for Trigon's execution of
supervisory policies and procedures, and the review
and enforcement processes of such policies and
procedures. Trigon has designated a Chief
Compliance Officer responsible
for maintaining,
reviewing and enforcing Trigon's Code of Ethics and
corresponding policies and procedures.
Trigon seeks to minimize conflicts of interest and
resolve those conflicts of interests in favor of its
clients to the extent it determines reasonable and
necessary in accordance with its Code of Ethics,
however, Trigon may receive indirect compensation
from time-to-time as a result of its investment advisory
activities, and Trigon recognizes that this presents a
conflict of interest as described elsewhere in this
brochure.
Code of Ethics
The fundamental position of Trigon is that, in effecting
personal securities transactions, personnel of Trigon
must always place the interests of clients ahead of its
own pecuniary interests. All personal securities
transactions by these persons must be conducted in
accordance with the Code of Ethics and in a way to
avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any
trust and
abuse of any person’s position of
responsibility. Further, these persons should not take
inappropriate advantage of their positions with or on
behalf of a client.
restrictions on
If a person subject to the Code of Ethics fails to
comply with the code, such a person may be subject
include warnings,
to sanctions, which may
disgorgement of profits,
future
personal trading, and, in the most severe cases, the
possibility of dismissal.
Trigon treats all clients equitably and has a duty to act
in its clients’ best interests. Except as otherwise
described in this brochure, the interests of clients will
be placed above Trigon's interests in case of any
conflict. Trigon has adopted a Code of Ethics (the
“Code”) and attendant policies and procedures
governing personal securities transactions by Trigon
and its personnel. The code also provides guidance
and instruction to Trigon and its personnel on their
ethical obligations in fulfilling its duties of loyalty,
fairness and good faith towards the clients.
Trigon will provide a copy of the Code of Ethics to any
client or prospective client upon request.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
take
The overriding principle of Trigon's Code of Ethics is
that all employees of Trigon owe a fiduciary duty to
clients for whom Trigon acts as investment advisor.
Accordingly, employees of Trigon are responsible for
conducting personal trading activities in a manner
that does not interfere with a client’s portfolio
transactions or
improper advantage of a
relationship with any client.
Although Trigon does not hold proprietary positions,
Trigon's related persons may own, buy, or sell for
themselves the same securities that they or Trigon
have recommended to its clients. Thus, from time to
time, a client account may purchase or hold a security
in which a related person of Trigon has financial
interest or an ownership position, or a related person
may purchase a security that is held in a client
account.
Also, from time-to-time, Trigon employees or related
persons may invest alongside the firm’s clients, both
to align the interest of firm and personnel and the
firm’s clients and as an expression of confidence in
our portfolio management strategies.
The Code contains provisions designed to try to: (i)
prevent, among other things, improper trading by
Trigon's employees; (ii) identify conflicts of interest;
and (iii) provide a means to resolve any actual or
potential conflicts of interest in favor of the clients.
The Code attempts to accomplish these objectives
by, among other things: (i) requiring pre-clearance of
specific trades, which includes documenting any
exceptions to such pre-clearance requirements; (ii)
restricting trading in certain securities that may cause
a conflict of interest, as well as (iii) periodic reporting
regarding transactions and holdings of employees.
this conflict of
To minimize
interest, securities
recommended by Trigon are widely held and publicly
traded. In addition, in accordance with its fiduciary
duty to clients, Trigon and associated persons will
place client interests ahead of their own interests. Any
The Code contains sections including, but not limited
to, the following key areas: (i) restrictions on personal
investment activities;
(ii) gifts and business
entertainment; and (iii) outside business activities.
11
be a registered broker-dealer under the Exchange
Act.
Client Directed Brokerage
transactions must be carried out in a manner that
does not work to the disadvantage of clients’
transactions or result in a conflict of interest, or even
the appearance of a conflict of interest. To ensure that
Trigon personnel never trades ahead of their clients,
the firm requires all trading in specific positions for
officer and employee accounts to come after the
analogous trades are executed for client accounts.
Item 12. Brokerage Practices
A client may direct Trigon to use a particular broker or
dealer who has an existing relationship with, or
provides custodial or other services, to a client. Trigon
requires any directed brokerage instructions to be in
writing unless such arrangement is inferred in the
context of the custodian’s brokerage limitations.
Consequently, all Swiss custodian banks require the
use of its brokers. Trigon treats such arrangements
as client-directed brokerage because the client has
selected the custodian bank.
Trigon's clients primarily open accounts at custodial
banks in Switzerland. Each client may select the bank
for his or her account and accounts can be booked
with US custodians as well. Trigon does not select
custodial banks on behalf of the client.
Before choosing to enter into a directed brokerage
arrangement, clients should be aware of the following
disadvantages:
Each custodian bank has its own policies and
procedures relating to brokerage. Generally, the
custodial banks require Trigon to route securities
orders through the trading desk of the bank thus not
permitting Trigon to select the broker-dealer. As
Trigon will not have discretion in selecting the broker-
dealer, the client should be aware of the incumbent
risks associated with such arrangement.
Trigon will select and recommend any brokers,
exchanges, or custodians based on several factors,
including, but not limited to, ease of administration,
quality of execution, commission rates, and pre-
existing agreements. Trigon generally seeks to
minimize the total price (considering applicable
exchange fees) for each transaction.
Brokers Selected by the Custodian Bank
from aggregated
- Trigon will not be able to negotiate commission
rates with the designated broker because it will not
have the negotiation leverage resulting from the
ability to trade away from a designated broker.
- Directed brokerage may cost clients more.
Directed brokerage clients may pay higher
commission rates than those paid by other clients,
may receive less favorable trade executions, and
may not obtain the best execution on transactions.
- Directed brokerage accounts will not be able to
participate in aggregated or block transactions
with other clients. This will preclude directed
from obtaining volume
brokerage accounts
discounts or more favorable terms that might be
available
transactions as
prescribed by the custodian.
- If Trigon is placing orders in the same security for
both directed brokerage clients and clients that
use other brokers, Trigon usually places orders for
directed brokerage clients after it has placed
orders for other clients.
Trigon Selection of Broker-Dealers
When the custodian bank permits Trigon to select the
broker-dealer, Trigon will route securities orders to
purchase and sell securities for those client accounts
held at the bank to independent brokers and dealers.
In selecting brokers and dealers to effect client
transactions, Trigon attempts to obtain for clients: (i)
the prompt execution of client transactions while
market conditions still favor the transaction and (ii) the
Brokerage for transactions involving assets held at
Swiss banks generally must be made through the
broker-dealer specified by the custodian bank. In
most cases, Swiss custodian banks act as a broker-
dealer and/or maintain relationships with designated
broker-dealers (including potentially an affiliate of the
custodian bank). If required, Trigon effectuates
security transactions through the custodian bank, or
the broker or dealer designated by the custodian bank
selected by the client. In such cases, Trigon cannot
guarantee that the client will receive the best
execution or the best commissions because these
factors are outside the control of Trigon Clients should
be aware of the factors outlined below under the
heading Directed Brokerage as these factors also
apply with respect to assets maintained at Swiss
banks. Clients should also be aware of the potential
that the broker-dealer used for transactions may not
12
any other issues. Trigon will periodically reconsider as
to whether to be placing a client trades’ through
particular broker continues to be in the best interest
of its clients.
execution
given
the
Block Trades
As it is Trigon policy not to aggregate client
transactions, but to do such transactions on a client-
by-client basis through the respective custodial
banks, the transaction costs and commissions for
each client may differ.
most favorable net prices reasonably obtainable. This
is referred to as “best execution.” In placing orders to
purchase and sell equity securities, Trigon selects
brokers that it believes will provide the best overall
qualitative
particular
circumstances. A broker may provide more favorable
terms and a higher quality of service to customers
who place a higher volume of transactions through
that broker. Accordingly, to obtain the benefits of
higher volume trading for clients, Trigon may place a
large portion of client equity transactions through a
limited number of brokers that meet Trigon's quality
standards.
When selecting a new equity broker, Trigon conducts
a due-diligence review of the broker to evaluate as to
whether or not the broker is likely to provide best
execution. To this end, Trigon may consider any of
the following factors:
- The ability of the custodian bank to settle
transactions with the broker.
- The quality of services provided
further
(including
commissions, which may not be the lowest
available, but which ordinarily will not be higher
than the generally prevailing competitive range).
- The extent of coverage of the various markets
Trigon trades in.
- The broker’s ability to communicate effectively
with Trigon.
- The broker’s ability to execute and settle difficult
trades.
fee”, or based on
- The broker’s ability to offer transactions at lower
cost due to electronic trading.
- The broker’s clearance and settlement efficiency.
- The broker’s ability to handle Trigon's range of
order sizes.
- The broker’s ability to maintain confidentiality and
Should Trigon combine orders into block trades when
purchasing the same security for multiple client
accounts, such aggregated orders (“block trades”) will
be pre-allocated amongst the participating client
accounts. When selecting the participating accounts,
a variety of factors such as suitability, investment
objectives and strategy, risk tolerance and/or the
ability to invest additional funds will be taken into
consideration. In determining the portion for each
participating account
factors such as
account’s size, diversification, asset allocation and
position weightings as well as any other appropriate
factors might be of relevance. Accounts participating
in a block trade placed with the same broker or with
the same custodian generally receives an average
price. Transaction costs will be shared on a
proportionate basis and as agreed with the custodian.
This can either be a sharing on a pro rata basis, or
covered with a “ticket
the
implemented degressive model, whereas costs
decrease in relation to the purchased quantity and
include the application of a minimum rate, when
shared costs are below a defined amount. Partial fills
of transactions will be allocated on a pro-rated share
basis.
anonymity.
- The reputation of the broker.
- The stability and financial strength of the broker.
Since Trigon is based in Switzerland and many of the
securities purchased are non-US securities, the
brokers used by Trigon may not be registered with the
SEC under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
Because Trigon's clients maintain accounts at
different custodian banks, and because many of
these custodian banks mandate the use of a specific
broker (see description above), Trigon may need to
place one block trade for the same security with more
than one broker. Trigon transmits such block trades
to more than one broker in a random pattern (i.e.,
Trigon does not favor one custodian bank or broker
over another with respect to the order in which block
trade orders are sent). The average price realized on
a securities order placed with different brokers will
vary between different brokers, and clients generally
receive different average prices and transaction costs
the same security order between different
for
Trigon's Chief Compliance Officer reviews the due
diligence performed and approves or rejects the
selection of each broker. On a regular basis, Trigon
monitors the services provided by the approved
brokers, the quality of executions and research,
commission rates, overall brokerage relationship, and
13
the practice of
the
in
the
custodians and brokers used for such block trades.
Also note, since most Swiss custodian banks
warehouse securities orders until filled, there may be
in settlement between client accounts
delays
depending on
respective
custodians and/or brokers.
28(e) of the Exchange Act. Section 28(e) is a “safe
harbor” that permits an investment manager to use
brokerage commissions or “soft dollars” to obtain
research and brokerage services that provide lawful
and appropriate assistance
investment
decision-making process.
Decision Making Process; Balancing the Interests of
Multiple Client Accounts
the adviser-client
relationship
Research services within Section 28(e) may include,
but are not limited to, research reports (including
market research); certain financial newsletters and
trade
journals; software providing analysis of
securities portfolios; corporate governance research
and rating services; attendance at certain seminars
and conferences; discussions with research analysts;
meetings with corporate executives; consultants’
advice on portfolio strategy; data services (including
services providing market data, company financial
data, certain valuation and pricing data and economic
data); and advice from brokers on order execution.
In making the decision as to which securities are to
be purchased or sold and the amounts thereof, Trigon
is guided by the general guidelines set up at the
inception of
in
cooperation with the client and a periodic review of
the asset allocation. These general guidelines cover
such matters as the relative proportion of debt and
equity securities to be held in the portfolio, the degree
of risk that the client wishes to assume and the types
and amounts of securities held in the portfolio.
Trigon's authority may be further limited by specific
instructions from the client, which may restrict or
prohibit transactions in certain securities.
Brokerage services within Section 28(e) may include,
but are not limited to, services related to the
execution, clearing and settlement of securities
transactions and functions incidental thereto (i.e.,
connectivity services between an investment adviser
and a broker-dealer and other relevant parties such
as custodians); trading software operated by a
broker-dealer to route orders; software that provides
trade analytics and trading strategies; software used
to transmit orders; clearance and settlement in
connection with a trade; electronic communication of
allocation instructions; routing settlement instructions;
post trade matching of trade information; and services
required by the SEC or a self-regulatory organization
such as comparison services, electronic confirms or
trade affirmations.
Trade Errors
is
to execute
Trigon may manage numerous accounts with similar
or identical investment objectives or may manage
accounts with different objectives that may trade in
the same securities. Despite such similarities,
portfolio decisions relating to client investments and
the performance resulting from such decisions may
differ between clients. Trigon will not necessarily
purchase or sell the same securities at the same time
or in the same proportionate amounts for all eligible
clients, particularly if different clients have selected
different investment profiles, have materially different
amounts of capital under management with Trigon or
different amounts of investable cash available. In
certain instances, such as purchases of less liquid
publicly traded securities or oversubscribed public
offerings, it may not be possible or feasible to allocate
a transaction pro rata to all eligible clients, especially
if clients have materially differently sized portfolios.
Therefore, not all clients will necessarily participate in
the same investment opportunities or participate on
the same basis.
Use of Soft Dollars
Although Trigon's goal
trades
seamlessly in the manner intended by the client and
consistent with its investment decisions, Trigon
recognizes that errors can occur for a variety of
reasons. Trigon's policy in dealing with such errors is
to:
- Identify any errors in a timely manner.
- Correct all errors so that any affected account is
placed situation as if the error would not have
occurred.
Trigon does not currently maintain any soft dollar
arrangements. Trigon may however in the future
maintain soft dollar arrangements, and to the extent it
does, it will only do so in accordance with the
conditions of the safe harbor provided by Section
- Incur all costs associated with correcting an error
or pass on the costs to the broker/ custodian,
depending on which party is at fault). Costs from
corrective actions are not to be borne by the client.
14
funds in such a product, or for marketing assistance,
or for the performance of certain administrative tasks
associated with making an investment.
- Evaluate how the error occurred and assess if
changes in any processes are warranted or if
training is required to mitigate such errors going
forward.
The consequences and
the required corrective
measures may differ depending on the nature of the
error or the account affected.
Trigon's employees or associated persons may be
invited to attend seminars and meetings with the
costs associated with such meetings borne by a
sponsoring brokerage firm or other party extending
the invitation.
Item 13. Review of Accounts
Item 15. Custody
that
Discretionary accounts: All discretionary portfolios
are reviewed quarterly to ensure that they remain
aligned with the client’s investment strategy, and to
ascertain
the portfolios are appropriately
positioned given current market conditions as part of
Trigon’s investment approach.
Non-discretionary
Non-discretionary
accounts:
portfolios are reviewed quarterly to make sure
investments are consistent with client’s risk profile
and investment objectives.
Trigon typically is given authority to debit its fees from
the clients’ accounts. Consequently, Trigon
is
deemed to have a fee debit authorization with the
custodians. In such cases, Trigon has established
procedures to ensure the client’s account is held at a
qualified custodian in a separate account for each
client. The client establishes the bank account directly
and thus is aware of the qualified custodian’s name,
address and the way investments are maintained.
Account statements are prepared by the custodian
bank. Generally, these statements include a listing of
all valuations and all transactions occurring during the
period.
Item 16. Investment Discretion
Annual review: The relationship managers are
responsible for the periodic review (at least annually)
of client portfolios. The annual review covers all key
aspects of the client relationship, including, among
other things, any changes in the client’s personal and
financial situation, risk profile and the suitability of the
chosen investment strategy.
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other
Compensation
for
Trigon accepts discretionary authority to manage
client accounts as described above. Clients rarely
restrict the authority by which Trigon may act;
however, each client can communicate any form of
limitation in writing. In the context of a discretionary
mandate, Trigon makes investment decisions without
consulting the client by utilizing its limited power of
attorney
the account
the management of
maintained at the custodian bank selected by the
client.
Trigon may pay fees for client referrals. Such
arrangements comply with
the conditions and
requirements of Rule 206(4)-1 under the Investment
Advisers Act of 1940.
In the context of a non-discretionary mandate,
Trigon's investment discretion is limited to an advisory
role and Trigon does not implement investment
decisions without the approval of the client.
Trigon does not have the discretionary authority to
select a qualified custodian for a client’s account.
Item 17. Voting Client Securities
Proxy Voting
Trigon is a fee-only adviser. Trigon's policy is not to
accept compensation from third parties relating to the
investment advice it gives to its clients. To the extent
that Trigon receives a referral fee for an investment,
recommended by Trigon, it will either reduce the fees
owed by the respective client to Trigon, or credit the
respective client’s Account for the applicable amount.
For these purposes, referral fees include marketing
fees, discounts, finder’s fees, service fees, including
shareholder service fees, referral fees, 12b-1 fees or
bonus commissions paid by mutual funds, privately
offered funds, insurance products, variable annuities
or other investment products paid to Trigon for
recommending an investment, for investing client
Trigon generally does not have the authority to vote
client proxies. Clients make arrangements directly
15
with their custodian to vote proxies for securities, or
where proxy or other solicitation materials have to be
sent to. If Trigon inadvertently receives any proxy
materials on behalf of a client, Trigon will promptly
forward such materials to the client.
Trigon exercises investment authority for certain
corporate actions (such as, but not limited to tenders,
in connection with
rights offerings, splits etc.)
discretionary accounts. For advisory
clients,
corporate actions are discussed with them prior to the
event taking place.
Clients who have questions about proxies may
contact Trigon for further information.
Class Actions
inadvertently
received
Trigon does not directly participate in class action
lawsuits. Trigon will determine whether to return any
regarding
documentation
clients’ participation in class actions to the sender, or
to forward such information to the affected clients.
Trigon will not advise or act on behalf of clients in any
legal proceeding, including bankruptcies or securities
shareholder class action litigation involving securities
held or previously held
in client accounts.
Accordingly, Trigon is not responsible for responding
to, or forwarding to clients any class action settlement
offers relating to securities currently or previously held
in the client account.
Item 18. Financial Information
Trigon has not been the subject of a bankruptcy
petition at any time. As of the date of this brochure,
Trigon does not believe that it is reasonably likely that
any future liability will impact its ability to meet our
contractual commitments towards its clients.
16