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Flax Pond Capital, LLC
CRD# 324332
748 S. Latches Lane
Merion Station, PA 19066
Telephone: 508-548-2218
www.flaxpondcapital.com
January 16, 2026
FORM ADV PART 2A
BROCHURE
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Flax Pond
Capital, LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, contact us at 508-548-
2218 or nancy@flaxpondcapital.com. The information in this brochure has not been approved or
verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about Flax Pond Capital, LLC is available on the SEC's website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Flax Pond Capital, LLC is a registered investment adviser. Registration with the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission or any state securities authority does not imply a certain level of
skill or training.
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Item 2 Summary of Material Changes
Form ADV Part 2 requires registered investment advisers to amend their brochure when information
becomes materially inaccurate. If there are any material changes to an adviser's disclosure brochure,
the adviser is required to notify you and provide you with a description of the material changes.
January 24, 2024: Updated phone contact #
February 10, 2025: Updated address and phone contact #
Updated company main state to Pennsylvania
January 16, 2026: Updated AUM total as of December 31, 2025
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Item 3 Table of Contents
Item 2 Summary of Material Changes .......................................................................................... 2
Item 3 Table of Contents .............................................................................................................. 3
Item 4 Advisory Business ............................................................................................................. 4
Item 5 Fees and Compensation ................................................................................................... 5
Item 6 Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ............................................... 7
Item 7 Types of Clients ................................................................................................................ 7
Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ........................................... 8
Item 9 Disciplinary Information ................................................................................................... 13
Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ......................................................... 14
Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading ... 14
Item 12 Brokerage Practices ...................................................................................................... 15
Item 13 Review of Accounts ....................................................................................................... 17
Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation ..................................................................... 17
Item 15 Custody ......................................................................................................................... 17
Item 16 Investment Discretion .................................................................................................... 17
Item 17 Voting Client Securities ................................................................................................. 17
Item 18 Financial Information ..................................................................................................... 18
Item 19 Additional Information ................................................................................................... 18
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Item 4 Advisory Business
Description of Firm
Flax Pond Capital, LLC is a registered investment adviser based in Merion Station, PA. We are
organized as a limited liability company ("LLC") under the laws of the State of PA. We are owned by
Christopher Zafiriou.
The following paragraphs describe our services and fees. Refer to the description of each investment
advisory service listed below for information on how we tailor our advisory services to your individual
needs. As used in this brochure, the words "we," "our," and "us" refer to Flax Pond Capital, LLC and
the words "you," "your," and "client" refer to you as either a client or prospective client of our firm.
As a registered investment adviser, we are a fiduciary and will act in your best interest.
Portfolio Management Services
We offer discretionary portfolio management services. Our investment advice is tailored to meet our
clients' needs and investment objectives.
If you participate in our discretionary portfolio management services, we require you to grant us
discretionary authority to manage your account. Subject to a grant of discretionary authorization, we
have the authority and responsibility to formulate investment strategies on your behalf. Discretionary
authorization will allow us to determine the specific securities, and the amount of securities, to be
purchased or sold for your account without obtaining your approval prior to each transaction. We will
also have discretion over the broker or dealer to be used for securities transactions in your account.
Discretionary authority is typically granted by the investment advisory agreement you sign with our
firm, a power of attorney, or trading authorization forms.
You may limit our discretionary authority (for example, limiting the types of securities that can be
purchased or sold for your account) by providing our firm with your restrictions and guidelines in
writing.
Financial Planning Services
We offer financial planning services which typically involve providing a variety of advisory services to
clients regarding the management of their financial resources based upon an analysis of their
individual needs. These services can range from broad-based financial planning to consultative or
single subject planning. If you retain our firm for financial planning services, we will meet with you to
gather information about your financial circumstances and objectives. We may also use financial
planning software to determine your current financial position and to define and quantify your long-term
goals and objectives. Once we specify those long-term objectives (both financial and non-financial), we
will develop shorter-term, targeted objectives. Once we review and analyze the information you provide
to our firm and the data derived from our financial planning software, we will deliver a written plan to
you, designed to help you achieve your stated financial goals and objectives.
Financial plans are based on your financial situation at the time we present the plan to you, and on the
financial information you provide to us. You must promptly notify our firm if your financial situation,
goals, objectives, or needs change.
You are under no obligation to act on our financial planning recommendations. Should you choose to
act on any of our recommendations, you are not obligated to implement the financial plan through any
of our other investment advisory services. Moreover, you may act on our recommendations by placing
securities transactions with any brokerage firm.
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Types of Investments
We offer advice on equity securities, warrants, corporate debt securities (other than commercial
paper), certificates of deposit, municipal securities, mutual fund shares, United States government
securities, REITs, ETFs, leveraged ETFs and interests in partnerships investing in oil and gas
interests.
Additionally, we may advise you on various types of investments based on your stated goals and
objectives. We may also provide advice on any type of investment held in your portfolio at the inception
of our advisory relationship.
Since our investment strategies and advice are based on each client’s specific financial situation, the
investment advice we provide to you may be different or conflicting with the advice we give to other
clients regarding the same security or investment.
IRA Rollover Recommendations
Effective December 20, 2021 (or such later date as the US Department of Labor (“DOL”) Field
Assistance Bulletin 2018-02 ceases to be in effect), for purposes of complying with the DOL’s
Prohibited Transaction Exemption 2020-02 (“PTE 2020-02”) where applicable, we are providing the
following acknowledgment to you. When we provide investment advice to you regarding your
retirement plan account or individual retirement account, we are fiduciaries within the meaning of Title I
of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable,
which are laws governing retirement accounts. In addition, we are a fiduciary under the Investment
Adviser Act of 1940. The way we make money creates some conflicts with your interests, so we
operate under a special rule that requires us to act in your best interest and not put our interest ahead
of yours. Under this special rule’s provisions, we must:
• Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations (give prudent
advice);
• Never put our financial interests ahead of yours when making recommendations (give loyal
advice);
• Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
• Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is in your best
interest;
• Charge no more than is reasonable for our services; and
• Give you basic information about conflicts of interest.
We benefit financially from the rollover of your assets from a retirement account to an account that we
manage or provide investment advice, because the assets increase our assets under management
and, in turn, our advisory fees. As a fiduciary, we only recommend a rollover when we believe it is in
your best interest.
Assets Under Management
Our ending AUM as of December 31, 2025 was $222,295,161.61.
Item 5 Fees and Compensation
Portfolio Management Services
For our clients with portfolio management and financial planning services, our fee is based on a
percentage of the assets in your account and is set forth in the following annual tiered fee schedule
below. For the purposes of clarity, clients pay a tiered fee with the first $50,000 of AUM charged at
1.25% and the next $100,000 at 1%...etc, resulting in a blended fee at the end. See below for the
tiered fee schedule breakpoints.
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Annual Fee Schedule – Tiered Fee Schedule
Client Assets Under Management
$ up to 50,000
Fee
1.25%
$50,001 to 150,000
1.00%
$150,001 to 250,000
0.90%
$over 250,000
0.80%
Our annual fee for portfolio management/investment services for clients, who do not also receive
financial planning services, is equal to 0.8% of the market value of your assets under our
management. Your portfolio management agreement will describe the fee structure applicable to our
management of your account.
Our annual portfolio management fee is billed and payable, quarterly in arrears, based on the balance
at end of billing period.
At our discretion, we may combine the account values of family members living in the same household
to determine the applicable advisory fee. For example, we may combine account values for you and
your minor children, joint accounts with your spouse, and other types of related accounts. Combining
account values may increase the asset total, which may result in your paying a reduced advisory fee
based on the available breakpoints in our tiered fee schedule stated above, as applicable. Assets in
each of your account(s) are included in the fee assessment unless specifically identified in writing for
exclusion.
We will deduct our advisory fee deduct our fee directly from your account through the qualified
custodian holding your funds and securities. only when the following requirements are met:
• You provide our firm with written authorization permitting the fees to be paid directly from your
account held by the qualified custodian;
• The qualified custodian agrees to send you a statement, at least quarterly, indicating all
amounts disbursed from your account including the amount of the advisory fee paid directly to
our firm.
We encourage you to reconcile our invoices with the statement(s) you receive from the qualified
custodian. If you find any inconsistent information between our invoice and the statement(s) you
receive from the qualified custodian call our main office number located on the cover page of this
brochure.
If the portfolio management agreement is executed at any time other than the first day of a calendar
quarter, our fees will apply on the first full month of management. Our advisory fee is negotiable,
depending on individual client circumstances.
You may terminate the portfolio management agreement upon written notice. You will incur a pro rata
charge for services rendered prior to the termination of the portfolio management agreement, which
means you will incur advisory fees only in proportion to the number of days in the quarter for which you
are a client.
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Financial Planning Services
We charge an hourly fee of $350 for stand-alone financial planning services, which is negotiable
depending on the scope and complexity of the plan, your situation, and your financial objectives. An
estimate of the total time/cost will be determined at the start of the advisory relationship. In limited
circumstances, the cost/time could potentially exceed the initial estimate. In such cases, we will notify
you and request that you approve the additional fee.
We will invoice you for the fees due for financial planning services. Invoices are due within 30 days of
the invoice being issued.
We may also offer advice on single subject financial planning/general consulting services at the same
hourly rate.
We will not require prepayment of a fee more than six months in advance and in excess of $1,200.
You may terminate the financial planning agreement upon written notice to our firm and we will send
you an invoice within 30 days. Financial planning fees are payable in arrears, you will be responsible
for a prorated fee based on services performed prior to termination of the financial planning
agreement.
Additional Fees and Expenses
As part of our investment advisory services to you, we may invest, or recommend that you invest, in
mutual funds and exchange-traded funds. The fees that you pay to our firm for investment advisory
services are separate and distinct from the fees and expenses charged by mutual funds or exchange
traded funds (described in each fund's prospectus) to their shareholders. These fees will generally
include a management fee and other fund expenses. You will also incur transaction charges and/or
brokerage fees when purchasing or selling securities. These charges and fees are typically imposed by
the broker-dealer or custodian through whom your account transactions are executed. We do not
share in any portion of the brokerage fees/transaction charges imposed by the broker-dealer or
custodian. To fully understand the total cost you will incur, you should review all the fees charged by
mutual funds, exchange traded funds, our firm, and others. For information on our brokerage practices,
refer to the Brokerage Practices section of this brochure.
Item 6 Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
We do not accept performance-based fees or participate in side-by-side management. Performance-
based fees are fees that are based on a share of a capital gains or capital appreciation of a client's
account. Side-by-side management refers to the practice of managing accounts that are charged
performance-based fees while at the same time managing accounts that are not charged performance-
based fees. Our fees are calculated as described in the Fees and Compensation section above, and
are not charged on the basis of a share of capital gains upon, or capital appreciation of, the funds in
your advisory account.
Item 7 Types of Clients
We offer investment advisory services to individuals including high net worth individuals. In general, we
do not require a minimum dollar amount to open and maintain an advisory account; however, we have
the right to terminate your Account if it falls below a minimum size which, in our sole opinion, is too
small to manage effectively.
We may also combine account values for you and your minor children, joint accounts with your
spouse, and other types of related accounts to meet the stated minimum.
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Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Our Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
We use one or more of the following methods of analysis or investment strategies when providing
investment advice to you:
Fundamental Analysis - involves analyzing individual companies and their industry groups, such as a
company's financial statements, details regarding the company's product line, the experience and
expertise of the company's management, and the outlook for the company and its industry. The
resulting data is used to measure the true value of the company's stock compared to the current
market value.
Risk: The risk of fundamental analysis is that information obtained may be incorrect and the analysis
may not provide an accurate estimate of earnings, which may be the basis for a stock's value. If
securities prices adjust rapidly to new information, utilizing fundamental analysis may not result in
favorable performance.
Cyclical Analysis - a type of technical analysis that involves evaluating recurring price patterns and
trends. Economic/business cycles may not be predictable and may have many fluctuations between
long-term expansions and contractions.
Risk: The lengths of economic cycles may be difficult to predict with accuracy and therefore the risk of
cyclical analysis is the difficulty in predicting economic trends and consequently the changing value of
securities that would be affected by these changing trends.
Long-Term Purchases - securities purchased with the expectation that the value of those securities
will grow over a relatively long period of time, generally greater than one year.
Risk: Using a long-term purchase strategy generally assumes the financial markets will go up in the
long-term which may not be the case. There is also the risk that the segment of the market that you are
invested in or perhaps just your particular investment will go down over time even if the overall
financial markets advance. Purchasing investments long-term may create an opportunity cost -
"locking-up" assets that may be better utilized in the short-term in other investments.
Short-Term Purchases - securities purchased with the expectation that they will be sold within a
relatively short period of time, generally less than one year, to take advantage of the securities' short-
term price fluctuations.
Risk: Using a short-term purchase strategy generally assumes that we can predict how financial
markets will perform in the short-term which may be very difficult and will incur a disproportionately
higher amount of transaction costs compared to long-term trading. There are many factors that can
affect financial market performance in the short-term (such as short-term interest rate changes, cyclical
earnings announcements, etc.) but may have a smaller impact over longer periods of times.
Short Sales - Unlike a straightforward investment in stocks where you buy shares with the expectation
that their price will increase so you can sell at a profit, in a "short sale" you borrow stocks from your
brokerage firm and sell them immediately, hoping to buy them later at a lower price. Thus, a short
seller hopes that the price of a stock will go down in the near future. A short seller thus uses declines in
the market to his advantage. The short seller makes money when the stock prices fall and loses when
prices go up. The SEC has strict regulations in place regarding short selling.
Risk: Short selling is very risky. Investors should exercise extreme caution before short selling is
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implemented. A short seller will profit if the stock goes down in price, but if the price of the shares
increase, the potential losses are unlimited because the stock can keep rising forever. There is no
ceiling on how much a short seller can lose in a trade. The share price may keep going up and the
short seller will have to pay whatever the prevailing stock price is to buy back the shares. However,
gains have a ceiling level because the stock price cannot fall below zero.
Risks: A short seller has to undertake to pay the earnings on the borrowed securities as long as the
short seller chooses to keep the short position open. If the company declares huge dividends or issues
bonus shares, the short seller will have to pay that amount to the lender. Any such occurrence can
skew the entire short investment and make it unprofitable. The broker can use the funds in the short
seller's margin account to buy back the loaned shares or issue a "call away" to get the short seller to
return the borrowed securities. If the broker makes this call when the stock price is much higher than
the price at the time of the short sale, then the investor can end up taking huge losses.
Risk: Margin interest can be a significant expense. Since short sales can only be undertaken in margin
accounts, the interest payable on short trades can be substantial, especially if short positions are kept
open over an extended period.
Risk: Shares that are difficult to borrow – because of high short interest, limited float, or any other
reason – have “hard-to-borrow” fees. These fees are based on an annualized rate that can range from
a small fraction of a percent to more than 100% of the value of the short trade. The hard-to-borrow rate
can fluctuate substantially on a daily basis; therefore, the exact dollar amount of the fee may not be
known in advance, and may be substantial.
Margin Transactions - a securities transaction in which an investor borrows money to purchase a
security, in which case the security serves as collateral on the loan.
Risk: If the value of the shares drops sufficiently, the investor will be required to either deposit more
cash into the account or sell a portion of the stock in order to maintain the margin requirements of the
account. This is known as a "margin call." An investor's overall risk includes the amount of money
invested plus the amount that was loaned to them.
Trading - We may use frequent trading (in general, selling securities within 30 days of purchasing the
same securities) as an investment strategy when managing your account(s). Frequent trading is not a
fundamental part of our overall investment strategy, but we may use this strategy occasionally when
we determine that it is suitable given your stated investment objectives and tolerance for risk. This may
include buying and selling securities frequently in an effort to capture significant market gains and
avoid significant losses.
Risk: When a frequent trading policy is in effect, there is a risk that investment performance within
your account may be negatively affected, particularly through increased brokerage and other
transactional costs and taxes.
Our investment strategies and advice may vary depending upon each client's specific financial
situation. As such, we determine investments and allocations based upon your predefined objectives,
risk tolerance, time horizon, financial information, liquidity needs and other various suitability factors.
Your restrictions and guidelines may affect the composition of your portfolio. It is important that you
notify us immediately with respect to any material changes to your financial circumstances,
including for example, a change in your current or expected income level, tax circumstances, or
employment status.
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Cash Management
We manage cash balances in your account based on the yield, and the financial soundness of the
money markets and other short term instruments.
Tax Considerations
Our strategies and investments may have unique and significant tax implications. However, unless we
specifically agree otherwise, and in writing, tax efficiency is not our primary consideration in the
management of your assets. Regardless of your account size or any other factors, we strongly
recommend that you consult with a tax professional regarding the investing of your assets.
Custodians and broker-dealers must report the cost basis of equities acquired in client accounts. Your
custodian will default to the First-In First-Out ("FIFO") accounting method for calculating the cost basis
of your investments. You are responsible for contacting your tax advisor to determine if this accounting
method is the right choice for you. If your tax advisor believes another accounting method is more
advantageous, provide written notice to our firm immediately and we will alert your account custodian
of your individually selected accounting method. Decisions about cost basis accounting methods will
need to be made before trades settle, as the cost basis method cannot be changed after settlement.
Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that you should be prepared to bear. We do not represent or
guarantee that our services or methods of analysis can or will predict future results, successfully
identify market tops or bottoms, or insulate clients from losses due to market corrections or declines.
We cannot offer any guarantees or promises that your financial goals and objectives will be met. Past
performance is in no way an indication of future performance.
Other Risk Considerations
When evaluating risk, financial loss may be viewed differently by each client and may depend on many
different risks, each of which may affect the probability and magnitude of any potential losses. The
following risks may not be all-inclusive, but should be considered carefully by a prospective client
before retaining our services.
Liquidity Risk: The risk of being unable to sell your investment at a fair price at a given time due to
high volatility or lack of active liquid markets. You may receive a lower price or it may not be possible
to sell the investment at all.
Credit Risk: Credit risk typically applies to debt investments such as corporate, municipal, and
sovereign fixed income or bonds. A bond issuing entity can experience a credit event that could impair
or erase the value of an issuer’s securities held by a client.
Inflation and Interest Rate Risk: Security prices and portfolio returns will likely vary in response to
changes in inflation and interest rates. Inflation causes the value of future dollars to be worth less and
may reduce the purchasing power of a client’s future interest payments and principal. Inflation also
generally leads to higher interest rates which may cause the value of many types of fixed income
investments to decline.
Horizon and Longevity Risk: The risk that your investment horizon is shortened because of an
unforeseen event, for example, the loss of your job. This may force you to sell investments that you
were expecting to hold for the long term. If you must sell at a time that the markets are down, you may
lose money. Longevity Risk is the risk of outliving your savings. This risk is particularly relevant for
people who are retired, or are nearing retirement.
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Recommendation of Particular Types of Securities
We recommend various types of securities and we do not primarily recommend one particular type of
security over another since each client has different needs and different tolerance for risk. Each type of
security has its own unique set of risks associated with it and it would not be possible to list here all of
the specific risks of every type of investment. Even within the same type of investment, risks can vary
widely. However, in very general terms, the higher the anticipated return of an investment, the higher
the risk of loss associated with the investment. A description of the types of securities we may
recommend to you and some of their inherent risks are provided below.
Certificates of Deposit: Certificates of deposit (“CD”) are generally a safe type of investment since
they are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Company (“FDIC”) up to a certain amount.
However, because the returns are generally low, there is risk that inflation outpaces the return of the
CD. Certain CDs are traded in the market place and not purchased directly from a banking institution.
In addition to trading risk, when CDs are purchased at a premium, the premium is not covered by the
FDIC.
Municipal Securities: Municipal securities, while generally thought of as safe, can have significant
risks associated with them including, but not limited to: the credit worthiness of the governmental entity
that issues the bond; the stability of the revenue stream that is used to pay the interest to the
bondholders; when the bond is due to mature; and, whether or not the bond can be "called" prior to
maturity. When a bond is called, it may not be possible to replace it with a bond of equal character
paying the same amount of interest or yield to maturity.
Bonds: Corporate debt securities (or "bonds") are typically safer investments than equity securities,
but their risk can also vary widely based on: the financial health of the issuer; the risk that the issuer
might default; when the bond is set to mature; and, whether or not the bond can be "called" prior to
maturity. When a bond is called, it may not be possible to replace it with a bond of equal character
paying the same rate of return.
Stocks: There are numerous ways of measuring the risk of equity securities (also known simply as
"equities" or "stock"). In very broad terms, the value of a stock depends on the financial health of the
company issuing it. However, stock prices can be affected by many other factors including, but not
limited to the class of stock (for example, preferred or common); the health of the market sector of the
issuing company; and, the overall health of the economy. In general, larger, better established
companies ("large cap") tend to be safer than smaller start-up companies ("small cap") are but the
mere size of an issuer is not, by itself, an indicator of the safety of the investment.
Mutual Funds and Exchange Traded Funds: Mutual funds and exchange traded funds ("ETF") are
professionally managed collective investment systems that pool money from many investors and invest
in stocks, bonds, short-term money market instruments, other mutual funds, other securities, or any
combination thereof. The fund will have a manager that trades the fund's investments in accordance
with the fund's investment objective. While mutual funds/ETFs generally provide diversification, risks
can be significantly increased if the fund is concentrated in a particular sector of the market, primarily
invests in small cap or speculative companies, uses leverage (i.e., borrows money) to a significant
degree, or concentrates in a particular type of security (i.e., equities) rather than balancing the fund
with different types of securities. ETFs differ from mutual funds since they can be bought and sold
throughout the day like stock and their price can fluctuate throughout the day. The returns on mutual
funds and ETFs can be reduced by the costs to manage the funds. Also, while some mutual funds are
"no load" and charge no fee to buy into, or sell out of, the fund, other types of mutual funds do charge
such fees which can also reduce returns. Mutual funds can also be "closed end" or "open end". So-
called "open end" mutual funds continue to allow in new investors indefinitely whereas "closed end"
funds have a fixed number of shares to sell which can limit their availability to new investors.
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ETFs may have tracking error risks. For example, the ETF investment adviser may not be able to
cause the ETF’s performance to match that of its Underlying Index or other benchmark, which may
negatively affect the ETF's performance. In addition, for leveraged and inverse ETFs that seek to track
the performance of their Underlying Indices or benchmarks on a daily basis, mathematical
compounding may prevent the ETF from correlating with performance of its benchmark. In addition, an
ETF may not have investment exposure to all of the securities included in its Underlying Index, or its
weighting of investment exposure to such securities may vary from that of the Underlying Index. Some
ETFs may invest in securities or financial instruments that are not included in the Underlying Index, but
which are expected to yield similar performance.
Leveraged Exchange Traded Funds: Leveraged Exchange Traded Funds (“Leveraged ETFs” or “L-
ETF”) seeks investment results for a single day only, not for longer periods. A “single day” is measured
from the time the L-ETF calculates its net asset value (“NAV”) to the time of the L-ETF’s next NAV
calculation. The return of the L-ETF for periods longer than a single day will be the result of each day’s
returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ from multiplying the return by the
stated leverage for that period. For periods longer than a single day, the L-ETF will lose money when
the level of the Index is flat, and it is possible that the L-ETF will lose money even if the level of the
Index rises. Longer holding periods, higher index volatility and greater leverage both exacerbate the
impact of compounding on an investor’s returns. During periods of higher Index volatility, the volatility
of the Index may affect the L-ETF’s return as much as or more than the return of the Index. Leveraged
ETFs are different from most exchange-traded funds in that they seek leveraged returns relative to the
applicable index and only on a daily basis. The L-ETF also is riskier than similarly benchmarked
exchange-traded funds that do not use leverage. Accordingly, the L-ETF may not be suitable for all
investors and should be used only by knowledgeable investors who understand the potential
consequences of seeking daily leveraged investment results.
Leveraged ETF Leveraged Risk: The L-ETF obtains investment exposure in excess of its assets in
seeking to achieve its investment objective — a form of leverage — and will lose more money in
market environments adverse to its daily objective than a similar fund that does not employ such
leverage. The use of such leverage could result in the total loss of an investor’s investment. For
example: a 2X fund will have a multiplier of two times (2x) the Index. A single day movement in the
Index approaching 50% at any point in the day could result in the total loss of a shareholder’s
investment if that movement is contrary to the investment objective of the L-ETF, even if the Index
subsequently moves in an opposite direction, eliminating all or a portion of the earlier movement. This
would be the case with any such single day movements in the Index, even if the Index maintains a
level greater than zero at all times.
Leveraged ETF Compounding Risk: Compounding affects all investments, but has a more significant
impact on a leveraged fund. Particularly during periods of higher Index volatility, compounding will
cause results for periods longer than a single day to vary from the stated multiplier of the return of the
Index. This effect becomes more pronounced as volatility increases.
Leveraged ETF Use of Derivatives: The L-ETF obtains investment exposure through derivatives.
Investing in derivatives may be considered aggressive and may expose the L-ETF to greater risks than
investing directly in the reference asset(s) underlying those derivatives. These risks include
counterparty risk, liquidity risk and increased correlation risk (each as discussed below). When the L-
ETF uses derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the value of the reference asset(s)
and the derivative, which may prevent the L-ETF from achieving its investment objective. Because
derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives also may expose the L-
ETF to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. The L-ETF may use a combination of
swaps on the Index and swaps on an ETF that is designed to track the performance of the Index. The
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performance of an ETF may not track the performance of the Index due to embedded costs and other
factors. Thus, to the extent the L-ETF invests in swaps that use an ETF as the reference asset, the L-
ETF may be subject to greater correlation risk and may not achieve as high a degree of correlation
with the Index as it would if the L-ETF only used swaps on the Index. Moreover, with respect to the use
of swap agreements, if the Index has a dramatic intraday move that causes a material decline in the L-
ETF’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the L-ETF and its counterparty may permit
the counterparty to immediately close out the transaction with the L-ETF. In that event, the L-ETF may
be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve the desired
exposure consistent with the L-ETF’s investment objective. This, in turn, may prevent the L-ETF from
achieving its investment objective, even if the Index reverses all or a portion of its intraday move by the
end of the day. Any costs associated with using derivatives will also have the effect of lowering the L-
ETF’s return.
Real Estate Investment Trust: A real estate investment trust ("REIT") is a corporate entity which
invests in real estate and/or engages in real estate financing. A REIT reduces or eliminates corporate
income taxes. REITs can be publicly or privately held. Public REITs may be listed on public stock
exchanges. REITs are required to declare 90% of their taxable income as dividends, but they actually
pay dividends out of funds from operations, so cash flow has to be strong or the REIT must either dip
into reserves, borrow to pay dividends, or distribute them in stock (which causes dilution). After 2012,
the IRS stopped permitting stock dividends. Most REITs must refinance or erase large balloon debts
periodically. The credit markets are no longer frozen, but banks are demanding, and getting, harsher
terms to re-extend REIT debt. Some REITs may be forced to make secondary stock offerings to repay
debt, which will lead to additional dilution of the stockholders. Fluctuations in the real estate market can
affect the REIT's value and dividends.
Limited Partnerships: A limited partnership is a financial affiliation that includes at least one general
partner and a number of limited partners. The partnership invests in a venture, such as real estate
development or oil exploration, for financial gain. The general partner has management authority and
unlimited liability. The general partner runs the business and, in the event of bankruptcy, is responsible
for all debts not paid or discharged. The limited partners have no management authority and their
liability is limited to the amount of their capital commitment. Profits are divided between general and
limited partners according to an arrangement formed at the creation of the partnership. The range of
risks are dependent on the nature of the partnership and disclosed in the offering documents if
privately placed. Publicly traded limited partnership have similar risk attributes to equities. However,
like privately placed limited partnerships their tax treatment is under a different tax regime from
equities. You should speak to your tax adviser in regard to their tax treatment.
Warrants: A warrant is a derivative (security that derives its price from one or more underlying
assets) that confers the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security – normally an equity – at a
certain price before expiration. The price at which the underlying security can be bought or sold is
referred to as the exercise price or strike price. Warrants that confer the right to buy a security are
known as call warrants; those that confer the right to sell are known as put warrants. Warrants are in
many ways similar to options. The main difference between warrants and options is that warrants are
issued and guaranteed by the issuing company, whereas options are traded on an exchange and are
not issued by the company. Also, the lifetime of a warrant is often measured in years, while the lifetime
of a typical option is measured in months. Warrants do not pay dividends or come with voting rights.
Item 9 Disciplinary Information
We are required to disclose the facts of any legal or disciplinary events that are material to a client's
evaluation of our advisory business or the integrity of our management. We do not have any required
disclosures under this item.
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Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
We have not provided information on other financial industry activities and affiliations because we do
not have any relationship or arrangement that is material to our advisory business or to our clients with
any of the types of entities listed below.
1. broker-dealer, municipal securities dealer, or government securities dealer or broker;
2. investment company or other pooled investment vehicle (including a mutual fund, closed-end
investment company, unit investment trust, private investment company or "hedge fund," and
offshore fund);
3. other investment adviser or financial planner;
4. futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, or commodity trading adviser;
5. banking or thrift institution;
6. accountant or accounting firm;
7. lawyer or law firm;
8. insurance company or agency;
9. pension consultant;
10.
11.
real estate broker or dealer; and/or
sponsor or syndicator of limited partnerships.
Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading
Description of Our Code of Ethics
We strive to comply with applicable laws and regulations governing our practices. Therefore, our Code
of Ethics includes guidelines for professional standards of conduct for persons associated with our
firm. Our goal is to protect your interests at all times and to demonstrate our commitment to our
fiduciary duties of honesty, good faith, and fair dealing with you. All persons associated with our firm
are expected to adhere strictly to these guidelines. Persons associated with our firm are also required
to report any violations of our Code of Ethics. Additionally, we maintain and enforce written policies
reasonably designed to prevent the misuse or dissemination of material, nonpublic information about
you or your account holdings by persons associated with our firm.
Clients or prospective clients may obtain a copy of our Code of Ethics by contacting us at
the telephone number on the cover page of this brochure.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
Neither our firm nor any persons associated with our firm has any material financial interest in client
transactions beyond the provision of investment advisory services as disclosed in this brochure.
Personal Trading Practices
Our firm or persons associated with our firm may buy or sell the same securities that we recommend to
you or securities in which you are already invested. A conflict of interest exists in such cases because
we have the ability to trade ahead of you and potentially receive more favorable prices than you will
receive. To mitigate this conflict of interest, it is our policy that neither our firm nor persons associated
with our firm shall have priority over your account in the purchase or sale of securities.
Aggregated Trading
Our firm or persons associated with our firm may buy or sell securities for you at the same time we or
persons associated with our firm buy or sell such securities for our own account. We may also combine
our orders to purchase securities with your orders to purchase securities ("aggregated trading"). Refer
to the Brokerage Practices section in this brochure for information on our aggregated trading practices.
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A conflict of interest exists in such cases because we have the ability to trade ahead of you and
potentially receive more favorable prices than you will receive. To eliminate this conflict of interest, it is
our policy that neither our firm nor persons associated with our firm shall have priority over your
account in the purchase or sale of securities.
Item 12 Brokerage Practices
We recommend the brokerage and custodial services of Fidelity (whether one or more "Custodian").
Your assets must be maintained in an account at a “qualified custodian,” generally a broker-dealer or
bank. In recognition of the value of the services the Custodian provides, you may pay higher
commissions and/or trading costs than those that may be available elsewhere. Our selection of
custodian is based on many factors, including the level of services provided, the custodian’s financial
stability, and the cost of services provided by the custodian to our clients, which includes the yield on
cash sweep choices, commissions, custody fees and other fees or expenses.
We seek to recommend a custodian/broker that will hold your assets and execute transactions on
terms that are, overall, the most favorable compared to other available providers and their services.
We consider various factors, including:
• Capability to buy and sell securities for your account itself or to facilitate such services.
• The likelihood that your trades will be executed.
• Availability of investment research and tools.
• Overall quality of services.
• Competitiveness of price.
• Reputation, financial strength, and stability.
• Existing relationship with our firm and our other clients.
Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits
We do not have any soft dollar arrangements.
Economic Benefits
As a registered investment adviser, we have access to the institutional platform of your account
custodian. As such, we will also have access to research products and services from your account
custodian and/or other brokerage firm. These products may include financial publications, information
about particular companies and industries, research software, and other products or services that
provide lawful and appropriate assistance to our firm in the performance of our investment decision-
making responsibilities. Such research products and services are provided to all investment advisers
that utilize the institutional services platforms of these firms, and are not considered to be paid for with
soft dollars. However, you should be aware that the commissions charged by a particular broker for a
particular transaction or set of transactions may be greater than the amounts another broker who did
not provide research services or products might charge.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
We do not receive client referrals from broker-dealers in exchange for cash or other compensation,
such as brokerage services or research.
Directed Brokerage
We routinely require that you direct our firm to execute transactions through Fidelity. As such, we may
be unable to achieve the most favorable execution of your transactions and you may pay higher
brokerage commissions than you might otherwise pay through another broker-dealer that offers the
same types of services. Not all advisers require their clients to direct brokerage.
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Aggregated Trades
We combine multiple orders for shares of the same securities purchased for discretionary advisory
accounts we manage (this practice is commonly referred to as "aggregated trading"). We will then
distribute a portion of the shares to participating accounts in a fair and equitable manner. Generally,
participating accounts will pay a fixed transaction cost regardless of the number of shares transacted.
In certain cases, each participating account pays an average price per share for all transactions and
pays a proportionate share of all transaction costs on any given day. In the event an order is only
partially filled, the shares will be allocated to participating accounts in a fair and equitable manner,
typically in proportion to the size of each client’s order. Accounts owned by our firm or persons
associated with our firm may participate in aggregated trading with your accounts; however, they will
not be given preferential treatment.
We do not aggregate trades for non-discretionary accounts. Accordingly, non-discretionary accounts
may pay different costs than discretionary accounts pay. If you enter into non-discretionary
arrangements with our firm, we may not be able to buy and sell the same quantities of securities for
you and you may pay higher commissions, fees, and/or transaction costs than clients who enter into
discretionary arrangements with our firm.
Mutual Fund Share Classes
Mutual funds are sold with different share classes, which carry different cost structures. Each available
share class is described in the mutual fund's prospectus. When we purchase, or recommend the
purchase of, mutual funds for a client, we select the share class that is deemed to be in the client’s
best interest, taking into consideration the availability of advisory, institutional or retirement plan share
classes, initial and ongoing share class costs, transaction costs (if any), tax implications, cost basis
and other factors. We also review the mutual funds held in accounts that come under our management
to determine whether a more beneficial share class is available, considering cost, tax implications, and
the impact of contingent or deferred sales charges.
Item 13 Review of Accounts
Nancy Thrasher, Chief Compliance Officer, will monitor your accounts on an ongoing basis and will
conduct account reviews at least quarterly, to ensure the advisory services provided to you are
consistent with your investment needs and objectives. Additional reviews may be conducted based on
various circumstances, including, but not limited to:
• contributions and withdrawals;
• year-end tax planning;
• market moving events;
• security specific events; and/or
• changes in your risk/return objectives.
The individuals conducting reviews may vary from time to time, as personnel join or leave our firm.
We will not provide you with regular written reports. You will receive trade confirmations and monthly or
quarterly statements from your account custodian(s).
Nancy Thrasher will review financial plans as needed, depending on the arrangements made with you
at the inception of your advisory relationship to ensure that the advice provided is consistent with your
investment needs and objectives. Generally, we will contact you periodically to determine whether any
updates may be needed based on changes in your circumstances. Changed circumstances may
include, but are not limited to marriage, divorce, birth, death, inheritance, lawsuit, retirement, job loss
and/or disability, among others. We recommend meeting with you on an as-needed basis and update
your plan if needed.
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Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation
We do not receive any compensation from any third party in connection with providing investment
advice to you nor do we compensate any individual or firm for client referrals.
Refer to the Brokerage Practices section above for disclosures on research and other benefits we may
receive resulting from our relationship with your account custodian.
Item 15 Custody
Your independent custodian will directly debit your account(s) for the payment of our advisory fees
when you have approved the deduction of our fees. This ability to deduct our advisory fees from your
accounts causes our firm to exercise limited custody over your funds or securities. We do not have
physical custody of any of your funds and/or securities. Your funds and securities will be held with a
bank, broker-dealer, or other qualified custodian. You will receive account statements from the
qualified custodian(s) holding your funds and securities at least quarterly. The account statements from
your custodian(s) will indicate the amount of our advisory fees deducted from your account(s) each
billing period. You should carefully review account statements for accuracy.
We will also provide statements to you reflecting the amount of the advisory fee deducted from your
account. You should compare our statements with the statements from your account custodian(s) to
reconcile the information reflected on each statement. If you have a question regarding your account
statement, or if you did not receive a statement from your custodian, contact us immediately at the
telephone number on the cover page of this brochure.
Item 16 Investment Discretion
Before we can buy or sell securities on your behalf, you must first sign our discretionary management
agreement and the appropriate trading authorization forms.
Item 17 Voting Client Securities
We will not determine or vote proxies , but if proxy votes are done, they generally will be cast in favor
of proposals that maintain or strengthen the shared interests of shareholders and management,
increase shareholder value, maintain or increase shareholder influence over the issuer's board of
directors and management, and maintain or increase the rights of shareholders. Generally, proxy votes
will be cast against proposals having the opposite effect. However, we will consider both sides of each
proxy issue. Unless we receive specific instructions from you, we will not base votes on social
considerations. Except in the case of a conflict of interest as described below, we do not accept
direction from you on voting a particular proxy.
Conflicts of interest between you and our firm, or a principal of our firm, regarding certain proxy issues
could arise. If we determine that a material conflict of interest exists, we will take the necessary steps
to resolve the conflict before voting the proxies. For example, we may disclose the existence and
nature of the conflict to you, and seek direction from you as to how to vote on a particular issue; we
may abstain from voting, particularly if there are conflicting interests for you (for example, where your
account(s) hold different securities in a competitive merger situation); or, we will take other necessary
steps designed to ensure that a decision to vote is in your best interest and was not the product of the
conflict. We keep certain records required by applicable law in connection with our proxy voting
activities.
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Item 18 Financial Information
Our firm does not have any financial condition or impairment that would prevent us from meeting our
contractual commitments to you. We do not take physical custody of client funds or securities, or serve
as trustee or signatory for client accounts, and, we do not require the prepayment of more than $1,200
in fees six or more months in advance. Therefore, we are not required to include a financial statement
with this brochure.
We have not filed a bankruptcy petition at any time in the past ten years.
Item 19 Additional Information
Trade Errors
In the event a trading error occurs in your account, our policy is to restore your account to the position
it should have been in had the trading error not occurred. Depending on the circumstances, corrective
actions may include canceling the trade, adjusting an allocation, and/or reimbursing the account.
Class Action Lawsuits
We will assist you, in conjunction with your legal counsel or other professionals, in filing claims with the
claims administrator to participate in any settlement proceeds related to class action settlements
involving a security held in your portfolio. We may also work with your legal counsel to determine
whether you are eligible to participate in class action litigation to recover damages on your behalf for
injuries as a result of actions, misconduct, or negligence by issuers of securities held in your portfolio.
IRA Rollover Considerations
As part of our investment advisory services to you, we may recommend that you withdraw the assets
from your employer's retirement plan and roll the assets over to an individual retirement account
("IRA") that we will manage on your behalf. If you elect to roll the assets to an IRA that is subject to our
management, we will charge you an asset based fee as set forth in the agreement you executed with
our firm. This practice presents a conflict of interest because persons providing investment advice on
our behalf have an incentive to recommend a rollover to you for the purpose of generating fee based
compensation rather than solely based on your needs. You are under no obligation, contractually or
otherwise, to complete the rollover. Moreover, if you do complete the rollover, you are under no
obligation to have the assets in an IRA managed by our firm.
Many employers permit former employees to keep their retirement assets in their company plan. Also,
current employees can sometimes move assets out of their company plan before they retire or change
jobs. In determining whether to complete the rollover to an IRA, and to the extent the following options
are available, you should consider the costs and benefits of:
1. Leaving the funds in your employer's (former employer's) plan.
2. Moving the funds to a new employer’s retirement plan.
3. Cashing out and taking a taxable distribution from the plan.
4. Rolling the funds into an IRA rollover account.
Each of these options has advantages and disadvantages and before making a change we encourage
you to speak with your CPA and/or tax attorney.
If you are considering rolling over your retirement funds to an IRA for us to manage here are a few
points to consider before you do so:
1. Determine whether the investment options in your employer's retirement plan address your
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needs or whether you might want to consider other types of investments.
a. Employer retirement plans generally have a more limited investment menu than IRAs.
b. Employer retirement plans may have unique investment options not available to the
public such as employer securities, or previously closed funds.
2. Your current plan may have lower fees than our fees.
a. If you are interested in investing only in mutual funds, you should understand the cost
structure of the share classes available in your employer's retirement plan and how the
costs of those share classes compare with those available in an IRA.
b. You should understand the various products and services you might take advantage of
at an IRA provider and the potential costs of those products and services.
3. Our strategy may have higher risk than the option(s) provided to you in your plan.
4. Your current plan may also offer financial advice.
5. If you keep your assets titled in a 401k or retirement account, you could potentially delay your
required minimum distribution beyond age 72.
6. Your 401k may offer more liability protection than a rollover IRA; each state may vary.
a. Generally, federal law protects assets in qualified plans from creditors. Since 2005, IRA
assets have been generally protected from creditors in bankruptcies. However, there
can be some exceptions to the general rules so you should consult with an attorney if
you are concerned about protecting your retirement plan assets from creditors.
7. You may be able to take out a loan on your 401k, but not from an IRA.
8. IRA assets can be accessed any time; however, distributions are subject to ordinary income tax
and may also be subject to a 10% early distribution penalty unless they qualify for an exception
such as disability, higher education expenses or the purchase of a home.
9. If you own company stock in your plan, you may be able to liquidate those shares at a lower
capital gains tax rate.
10.
Your plan may allow you to hire us as the manager and keep the assets titled in the plan
name.
It is important that you understand the differences between these types of accounts and to decide
whether a rollover is best for you. Prior to proceeding, if you have questions contact your investment
adviser representative, or call our main number as listed on the cover page of this brochure.
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