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Item 1: Cover Page for Part 2A of Form
ADV: Firm Brochure
August 2025
14800 Landmark Blvd, Suite 848
Dallas, TX 75254
www.FluentFinancial.com
Firm Contact:
Mitchell Kramer
Chief Compliance Officer
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Fluent
Financial. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us by
telephone at (972) 852-4800 or email mitch@fluentfinancial.com. The information in this brochure
has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by
any State Securities Authority. Additional information about Fluent Financial also is available on the
SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Please note that the use of the term “registered investment adviser” and description of Fluent
Financial and/or our associates as “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training. You
are encouraged to review this Brochure and Brochure Supplements for our firm’s associates who
advise you for more information on the qualifications of our firm and our employees.
Item 2: Material Changes to Our Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure
Fluent Financial, LLC is required to advise you of any material changes to the Firm Brochure
(“Brochure”) from our last annual update. Clients can request a full copy of our Brochure or contact
us with any questions that they may have about the changes.
Since the last annual amendment filed on 03/25/2025, our firm has the following material changes
to report:
Our firm has amended Item 5 of this brochure to disclose that Fluent Financial, LLC will no longer
cover American Depositary Receipt fees in client accounts. Clients will now be responsible for paying
American Depositary Receipt fees that are incurred in their account.
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Item 3: Table Of Contents
Item 1: Cover Page for Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure ............................................................................... 1
Item 2: Material Changes to Our Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure ........................................................... 2
Item 3: Table Of Contents ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
Item 4: Advisory Business.................................................................................................................................................... 4
Item 5: Fees & Compensation ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management ........................................................................... 7
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements .................................................................................................... 7
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss ................................................................... 7
Item 9: Disciplinary Information..................................................................................................................................... 11
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations .................................................................................. 11
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions & Personal Trading ............. 11
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Item 13: Review ..................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation ..................................................................................................... 16
Item 15: Custody .................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Item 16: Investment Discretion ....................................................................................................................................... 18
Item 17: Voting Client Securities ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Item 18: Financial Information ........................................................................................................................................ 18
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Item 4: Advisory Business
We specialize in the following types of services: Asset Management, Comprehensive Portfolio
Management, Financial Planning & Consulting, and Pension Consulting.
We are dedicated to providing individuals and other types of clients with a wide array of investment
advisory services. Our firm is a limited liability company formed in the State of Texas. Mitchell
Kramer wholly owns Fluent Financial, LLC, prior to forming the firm in 2014 Mr. Kramer previously
worked as an investment advisor for over 20 years.
The purpose of this Brochure is to disclose the conflicts of interest associated with the investment
transactions, compensation and any other matters related to investment decisions made by our firm
or its representatives. As a fiduciary, it is our duty to always act in the client’s best interest. This is
accomplished in part by knowing our client. Our firm has established a service-oriented advisory
practice with open lines of communication for many different types of clients to help meet their
financial goals while remaining sensitive to risk tolerance and time horizons. Working with clients to
understand their investment objectives while educating them about our process, facilitates the kind
of working relationship we value.
Types of Advisory Services Offered
Asset Management & Comprehensive Portfolio Management:
We offer Asset Management and Comprehensive Portfolio Management services through wrapped
accounts only. Please see our separate Wrap Fee Program Brochure for complete information
regarding this advisory service.
Financial Planning & Consulting:
We provide a variety of financial planning and consulting services to individuals, families and other
clients regarding the management of their financial resources based upon an analysis of the client’s
current situation, goals, and objectives. Generally, such financial planning services will involve
preparing a financial plan or rendering a financial consultation for clients based on the client’s
financial goals and objectives. This planning or consulting may encompass one or more of the
following areas: Investment Planning, Retirement Planning, Estate Planning, Charitable Planning,
Education Planning, Corporate and Personal Tax Planning, Corporate Structure, Real Estate Analysis,
Mortgage/Debt Analysis, Insurance Analysis, Lines of Credit Evaluation, Business and Personal
Financial Planning.
Our written financial plans or financial consultations rendered to clients usually include general
recommendations for a course of activity or specific actions to be taken by the clients. For example,
recommendations may be made that the clients begin or revise investment programs, create or revise
wills or trusts, obtain or revise insurance coverage, commence or alter retirement savings, or
establish education or charitable giving programs. It should also be noted that we refer clients to an
accountant, attorney or other specialist, as necessary for non-advisory related services. For written
financial planning engagements, we provide our clients with a written summary of their financial
situation, observations, and recommendations. For financial consulting engagements, we usually do
not provide our clients with a written summary of our observations and recommendations as the
process is less formal than our planning service. Plans or consultations are typically completed within
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six (6) months of the client signing a contract with us, assuming that all the information and
documents we request from the client are provided to us promptly. Implementation of the
recommendations will be at the discretion of the client.
Pension Consulting:
We provide pension consulting services to employer plan sponsors on a one-time or ongoing basis.
Generally, such pension consulting services consist of assisting employer plan sponsors in
establishing, monitoring and reviewing their company's participant-directed retirement plan. As the
needs of the plan sponsor dictate, areas of advising could include: investment options, plan structure
and participant education.
All pension consulting services shall be in compliance with the applicable state law(s) regulating
pension consulting services. This applies to client accounts that are pension or other employee
benefit plans (“Plan”) governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as
amended (“ERISA”). If the client accounts are part of a Plan, and we accept appointments to provide
our services to such accounts, we acknowledge that we are a fiduciary within the meaning of Section
3(21) of ERISA (but only with respect to the provision of services described in section 1 of the
Pension Consulting Agreement).
Tailoring of Advisory Services
We offer individualized investment advice to clients utilizing our Wrap Fee Program services. We
define the scope of our advisory services in a Wrap Fee Program Agreement and Investment Policy
Statement as appropriate. Additionally, we offer general investment advice to clients utilizing our
Financial Planning & Consulting and Pension Consulting services.
Each client has the opportunity to place reasonable restrictions on the types of investments to be held
in the portfolio. Restrictions on investments in certain securities or types of securities may not be
possible due to the level of difficulty this would entail in managing the account. Restrictions would
be limited to our Wrap Asset Management and Wrap Comprehensive Portfolio Management services.
We do not manage assets through our other services.
Client understands and agrees that our firm may, depending on Client’s needs, engage in a Roth
conversion on a discretionary and/or non-discretionary basis.
Participation in Wrap Fee Programs
Our firm only offers wrap fee accounts to our clients, which are managed on an individualized basis
according to the client’s investment objectives, financial goals, risk tolerance, etc. Please see our Part
2A, Appendix 1 (the “Wrap Fee Program Brochure”) for more information.
Regulatory Assets Under Management
As of 12/31/2024, we manage1 $297,138,659 on a discretionary basis and $0 on a non-discretionary
basis.
1 Please note that our method for computing the amount of “client assets we manage” can be different from the method for computing
“assets under management” required for Item 5.F in Part 1A of Form ADV. However, we have chosen to follow the method outlined for
Item 5.F in Part 1A of Form ADV. If we decide to use a different method at a later date to compute “client assets we manage,” we must keep
documentation describing the method we use and inform you of the change. The amount of assets we manage may be disclosed by rounding
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Item 5: Fees & Compensation
Compensation for Our Advisory Services
Financial Planning & Consulting:
We charge on an hourly or flat fee basis for financial planning and consulting services. The total
estimated fee, as well as the ultimate fee that we charge you, is based on the scope and complexity of
our engagement with you. Our hourly fee is $450. Flat fees generally range from $1,500 to $15,000.
Fees are negotiable. We require a retainer of fifty-percent (50%) of the ultimate financial planning
or consulting fee with the remainder of the fee directly billed to you and due to us within thirty (30)
days of your financial plan being delivered or consultation rendered to you. In all cases, we will not
require a retainer exceeding $1,200 when services cannot be rendered within 6 (six) months.
Pension Consulting:
We charge on an hourly or fee based on the percentage of Plan assets under management for pension
consulting services. The total estimated fee, as well as the ultimate fee that we charge you, is based
on the scope and complexity of our engagement with you. The maximum hourly fee to be charged
will not exceed $450. Fees based on a percentage of Plan assets will not exceed 1.00%. The fee-paying
arrangements for pension consulting service will be determined on a case-by-case basis and will be
detailed in the signed Pension Consulting Agreement. The fees will be charged quarterly in advance
and deducted from Plan’s Assets.
Other Types of Fees & Expenses
Wrap clients will not incur transaction costs for trades by their chosen custodian. More information
about this can be found in our separate Wrap Fee Program Brochure.
Non-Wrap Clients may incur transaction fees for trades executed by their chosen custodian based on
a percentage of the dollar amount of assets in the account(s). Unless otherwise noted in writing, our
firm bills on cash. These transaction fees are separate from our firm’s advisory fees and will be
disclosed by the chosen custodian. However, it is important to note that Charles Schwab and IB do
not charge transaction fees for U.S. listed equities and exchange traded funds.
Clients may be charged on margin balances held in client accounts should the client request to
borrow on margin.
Clients may also pay holdings charges imposed by the chosen custodian for certain investments,
American Depositary Receipt (ADR) fees, charges imposed directly by a mutual fund, index fund, or
exchange traded fund, which shall be disclosed in the fund’s prospectus (i.e., fund management fees,
initial or deferred sales charges, mutual fund sales loads, 12b-1 fees, surrender charges, variable
annuity fees, IRA and qualified retirement plan fees, and other fund expenses), mark-ups and mark-
downs, spreads paid to market makers, fees for trades executed away from custodian, wire transfer
fees and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities transactions. Our firm does not
receive a portion of these fees.
to the nearest $100,000. Our “as of” date must not be more than three months before the date we last updated our Brochure in response
to Item 4.E of Form ADV Part 2A.
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Termination & Refunds
We charge our advisory fees quarterly in advance. In the event that you wish to terminate our
services, we will refund the unearned portion of our advisory fee to you. You need to contact us in
writing and state that you wish to terminate our services. Upon receipt of your letter of termination,
we will proceed to close out your account and process a pro-rata refund of unearned advisory fees.
Commissionable Securities Sales
In order to sell securities for a commission, our supervised persons are registered representatives of
Private Client Services, LLC (“PCS”). Our supervised persons may accept compensation for the sale of
securities or other investment products, including distribution or service (“trail”) fees from the sale
of mutual funds. You should be aware that the practice of accepting commissions for the sale of
securities:
1. Presents a conflict of interest and gives our firm and/or our supervised persons an incentive
to recommend investment products based on the compensation received. We generally
address commissionable sales conflicts that arise:
a. when explaining to clients that commissionable securities sales creates an incentive
to recommend products based on the compensation we and/or our supervised
persons may earn and may not necessarily be in the best interests of the client;
b. when recommending commissionable mutual funds, explaining that “no-load” funds
are also available.
2. In no way prohibits you from purchasing investment products recommended by us through
other brokers or agents which are not affiliated with us.
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management
Our firm does not charge performance-based fees.
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements
We have the following types of clients:
•
Individuals and High Net Worth Individuals;
• Trusts, Estates or Charitable Organizations;
• Pension and Profit Sharing Plans; and
• Corporations, Limited Liability Companies and/or Other Business Types.
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis
We use the following methods of analysis in formulating our investment advice and/or managing
client assets:
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Charting: In this type of technical analysis, our firm reviews charts of market and security activity in
an attempt to identify when the market is moving up or down and to predict when how long the trend
may last and when that trend might reverse.
Cyclical Analysis: Statistical analysis of specific events occurring at a sufficient number of relatively
predictable intervals that they can be forecasted into the future. Cyclical analysis asserts that cyclical
forces drive price movements in the financial markets. Risks include that cycles may invert or
disappear and there is no expectation that this type of analysis will pinpoint turning points, instead
be used in conjunction with other methods of analysis.
Fundamental Analysis: The analysis of a business's financial statements (usually to analyze the
business's assets, liabilities, and earnings), health, and its competitors and markets. When analyzing
a stock, futures contract, or currency using fundamental analysis there are two basic approaches one
can use: bottom up analysis and top down analysis. The terms are used to distinguish such analysis
from other types of investment analysis, such as quantitative and technical. Fundamental analysis is
performed on historical and present data, but with the goal of making financial forecasts. There are
several possible objectives: (a) to conduct a company stock valuation and predict its probable price
evolution; (b) to make a projection on its business performance; (c) to evaluate its management and
make internal business decisions; (d) and/or to calculate its credit risk.; and (e) to find out the
intrinsic value of the share.
When the objective of the analysis is to determine what stock to buy and at what price, there are two
basic methodologies investors rely upon: (a) Fundamental analysis maintains that markets may
misprice a security in the short run but that the "correct" price will eventually be reached. Profits can
be made by purchasing the mispriced security and then waiting for the market to recognize its
"mistake" and reprice the security.; and (b) Technical analysis maintains that all information is
reflected already in the price of a security. Technical analysts analyze trends and believe that
sentiment changes predate and predict trend changes. Investors' emotional responses to price
movements lead to recognizable price chart patterns. Technical analysts also analyze historical
trends to predict future price movement. Investors can use one or both of these different but
complementary methods for stock picking. This presents a potential risk, as the price of a security
can move up or down along with the overall market regardless of the economic and financial factors
considered in evaluating the stock.
Technical Analysis: A security analysis methodology for forecasting the direction of prices through
the study of past market data, primarily price and volume. A fundamental principle of technical
analysis is that a market's price reflects all relevant information, so their analysis looks at the history
of a security's trading pattern rather than external drivers such as economic, fundamental and news
events. Therefore, price action tends to repeat itself due to investors collectively tending toward
patterned behavior – hence technical analysis focuses on identifiable trends and conditions.
Technical analysts also widely use market indicators of many sorts, some of which are mathematical
transformations of price, often including up and down volume, advance/decline data and other
inputs. These indicators are used to help assess whether an asset is trending, and if it is, the
probability of its direction and of continuation. Technicians also look for relationships between
price/volume indices and market indicators. Technical analysis employs models and trading rules
based on price and volume transformations, such as the relative strength index, moving averages,
regressions, inter-market and intra-market price correlations, business cycles, stock market cycles
or, classically, through recognition of chart patterns. Technical analysis is widely used among traders
and financial professionals and is very often used by active day traders, market makers and pit
traders. The risk associated with this type of analysis is that analysts use subjective judgment to
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decide which pattern(s) a particular instrument reflects at a given time and what the interpretation
of that pattern should be.
Third-Party Money Manager Analysis: The analysis of the experience, investment philosophies,
and past performance of independent third-party investment managers in an attempt to determine
if that manager has demonstrated an ability to invest over a period of time and in different economic
conditions. Analysis is completed by monitoring the manager’s underlying holdings, strategies,
concentrations and leverage as part of our overall periodic risk assessment. Additionally, as part of
the due-diligence process, the manager’s compliance and business enterprise risks are surveyed and
reviewed. A risk of investing with a third-party manager who has been successful in the past is that
they may not be able to replicate that success in the future. In addition, as our firm does not control
the underlying investments in a third-party manager’s portfolio, there is also a risk that a manager
may deviate from the stated investment mandate or strategy of the portfolio, making it a less suitable
investment for our clients. Moreover, as our firm does not control the manager’s daily business and
compliance operations, our firm may be unaware of the lack of internal controls necessary to prevent
business, regulatory or reputational deficiencies.
Investment Strategies We Use
We use the following strategies in managing client accounts, provided that such strategies are
appropriate to the needs of the client and consistent with the client's investment objectives, risk
tolerance, and time horizons, among other considerations:
Long-Term Purchases: Our firm may buy securities for your account and hold them for a relatively
long time (more than a year) in anticipation that the security’s value will appreciate over a long
horizon. The risk of this strategy is that our firm could miss out on potential short-term gains that
could have been profitable to your account, or it’s possible that the security’s value may decline
sharply before our firm makes a decision to sell.
Margin Transactions: Our firm may purchase stocks, mutual funds, and/or other securities for your
portfolio with money borrowed from your brokerage account. This allows you to purchase more
stock than you would be able to with your available cash and allows us to purchase stock without
selling other holdings. Margin accounts and transactions are risky and not necessarily appropriate
for every client. The potential risks associated with these transactions are (1) You can lose more
funds than are deposited into the margin account; (2) the forced sale of securities or other assets in
your account; (3) the sale of securities or other assets without contacting you; and (4) you may not
be entitled to choose which securities or other assets in your account(s) are liquidated or sold to
meet a margin call.
Options: An option is a financial derivative that represents a contract sold by one party (the option
writer) to another party (the option holder, or option buyer). The contract offers the buyer the right,
but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security or other financial asset at an agreed-upon price (the
strike price) during a certain period of time or on a specific date (exercise date). Options are
extremely versatile securities. Traders use options to speculate, which is a relatively risky practice,
while hedgers use options to reduce the risk of holding an asset. In terms of speculation, option
buyers and writers have conflicting views regarding the outlook on the performance of a:
• Call Option: Call options give the option to buy at certain price, so the buyer would want the
stock to go up. Conversely, the option writer needs to provide the underlying shares in the
event that the stock's market price exceeds the strike due to the contractual obligation. An
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option writer who sells a call option believes that the underlying stock's price will drop
relative to the option's strike price during the life of the option, as that is how he will reap
maximum profit. This is exactly the opposite outlook of the option buyer. The buyer believes
that the underlying stock will rise; if this happens, the buyer will be able to acquire the stock
for a lower price and then sell it for a profit. However, if the underlying stock does not close
above the strike price on the expiration date, the option buyer would lose the premium paid
for the call option.
• Put Option: Put options give the option to sell at a certain price, so the buyer would want the
stock to go down. The opposite is true for put option writers. For example, a put option buyer
is bearish on the underlying stock and believes its market price will fall below the specified
strike price on or before a specified date. On the other hand, an option writer who sells a put
option believes the underlying stock's price will increase about a specified price on or before
the expiration date. If the underlying stock's price closes above the specified strike price on
the expiration date, the put option writer's maximum profit is achieved. Conversely, a put
option holder would only benefit from a fall in the underlying stock's price below the strike
price. If the underlying stock's price falls below the strike price, the put option writer is
obligated to purchase shares of the underlying stock at the strike price.
The potential risks associated with these transactions are that (1) all options expire. The closer the
option gets to expiration, the quicker the premium in the option deteriorates; and (2) Prices can move
very quickly. Depending on factors such as time until expiration and the relationship of the stock
price to the option’s strike price, small movements in a stock can translate into big movements in the
underlying options.
Short-Term Purchases: When utilizing this strategy, our firm may also purchase securities with the
idea of selling them within a relatively short time (typically a year or less). Our firm does this in an
attempt to take advantage of conditions that our firm believes will soon result in a price swing in the
securities our firm purchase.
Trading: Our firm purchase securities with the idea of selling them very quickly (typically within 30
days or less). Our firm does this in an attempt to take advantage of our predictions of brief price
swings. Trading involves risk that may not be suitable for every investor and may involve a high
volume of trading activity. Each trade generates a commission and the total daily commission on such
a high volume of trading can be considerable. However, it is important to note that commissions are
only generated on non-advisory accounts. Active trading accounts should be considered speculative
in nature with the objective being to generate short-term profits. This activity may result in the loss
of more than 100% of an investment.
Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. While the stock
market may increase and the account(s) could enjoy a gain, it is also possible that the stock market
may decrease, and the account(s) could suffer a loss. It is important that clients understand the risks
associated with investing in the stock market, and that their assets are appropriately diversified in
investments. Clients are encouraged to ask our firm any questions regarding their risk tolerance.
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Item 9: Disciplinary Information
We have determined that our firm and management have nothing to disclose under the
aforementioned standard.
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations
Representatives of our firm are registered representatives of Private Client Services, LLC (“PCS”).
They may offer securities and receive normal and customary commissions as a result of securities
transactions However, it is important to note that only non-advisory accounts will be charged a
commission on securities transactions. Regardless, a conflict of interest may arise as these
commissionable securities sales may create an incentive to recommend products based on the
compensation they may earn and may not necessarily be in the best interests of the client.
Representatives of our firm are insurance agents/brokers. They may offer insurance products and
receive customary fees as a result of insurance sales. A conflict of interest may arise as these
insurance sales may create an incentive to recommend products based on the compensation adviser
and/or our supervised persons may earn and may not necessarily be in the best interests of the client.
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client
Transactions & Personal Trading
Because members of our firm have earned CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ (CFP®) designation, we
recognize that the personal investment transactions of members and employees of our firm demand
the application of a high Code of Ethics and require that all such transactions be carried out in a way
that does not endanger the interest of any client. At the same time, we believe that if investment
goals are similar for clients and for members and employees of our firm, it is logical and even
desirable that there be common ownership of some securities.
Therefore, in order to prevent conflicts of interest, we have in place a set of procedures (including a
pre-clearing procedure) with respect to transactions effected by our members, officers and
employees for their personal accounts2. In order to monitor compliance with our personal trading
policy, we have a quarterly securities transaction reporting system for all of our associates.
Furthermore, our firm has established a Code of Ethics which applies to all of our associated persons.
An investment adviser is considered a fiduciary. As a fiduciary, it is an investment adviser’s
responsibility to provide fair and full disclosure of all material facts and to act solely in the best
interest of each of our clients at all times. We have a fiduciary duty to all clients. Our fiduciary duty is
considered the core underlying principle for our Code of Ethics which also includes Insider Trading
and Personal Securities Transactions Policies and Procedures. We require all of our supervised
persons to conduct business with the highest level of ethical standards and to comply with all federal
and state securities laws at all times. Upon employment or affiliation and at least annually thereafter,
all supervised persons will sign an acknowledgement that they have read, understand, and agree to
comply with our Code of Ethics. Our firm and supervised persons must conduct business in an honest,
ethical, and fair manner and avoid all circumstances that might negatively affect or appear to affect
our duty of complete loyalty to all clients. This disclosure is provided to give all clients a summary of
2 For purposes of the policy, our associate’s personal account generally includes any account (a) in the name of our associate, his/her spouse,
his/her minor children or other dependents residing in the same household, (b) for which our associate is a trustee or executor, or (c) which our
associate controls, including our client accounts which our associate controls and/or a member of his/her household has a direct or indirect
beneficial interest in.
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our Code of Ethics. However, if a client or a potential client wishes to review our Code of Ethics in its
entirety, a copy will be provided promptly upon request.
Neither our firm nor a related person recommends to clients, or buys or sells for client accounts,
securities in which our firm or a related person has a material financial interest.
Related persons of our firm may buy or sell securities and other investments that are also
recommended to clients. In order to minimize this conflict of interest, our related persons will place
client interests ahead of their own interests and adhere to our firm’s Code of Ethics, a copy of which
is available upon request.
Related persons of our firm may buy or sell securities for themselves at or about the same time they
buy or sell the same securities for client accounts. In order to minimize this conflict of interest, our
related persons will place client interests ahead of their own interests and adhere to our firm’s Code
of Ethics, a copy of which is available upon request. Related accounts are included in block trades to
minimize conflicts of interest presented by personal securities transactions. Block training occurs
when all accounts that will be trading a given security on the same trading day shall be aggregated
into a single execution and shall receive the same execution price.
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
Custodian & Brokers Used
Our firm does not maintain custody of client assets (although our firm may be deemed to have
custody of client assets if given the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts. See Item 15
Custody, below). Client assets must be maintained in an account at a “qualified custodian,” generally
a broker-dealer or bank. Our firm recommends that clients use the Schwab Advisor Services division
of Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. and Interactive Brokers, LLC (“Custodians”), FINRA-registered broker-
dealers, member SIPC, as the qualified Custodians. Our firm is independently owned and operated,
and not affiliated with the Custodians. The Custodians will hold client assets in a brokerage account
and buy and sell securities when instructed. While our firm recommends that clients use the
Custodians as custodian/broker, clients will decide whether to do so and open an account with the
Custodians by entering into an account agreement directly with them. Our firm does not open the
account. Even though the account is maintained at the Custodians, our firm can still use other brokers
to execute trades, as described in the next paragraph.
How Brokers/Custodians Are Selected
Our firm seeks to recommend a custodian/broker who will hold client assets and execute
transactions on terms that are overall most advantageous when compared to other available
providers and their services. A wide range of factors are considered, including, but not limited to:
•
•
•
combination of transaction execution services along with asset custody services (generally
without a separate fee for custody)
capability to execute, clear and settle trades (buy and sell securities for client accounts)
capabilities to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers, check
requests, bill payment, etc.)
• breadth of investment products made available (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange
traded funds (ETFs), etc.)
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• availability of investment research and tools that assist in making investment decisions
•
quality of services
competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, margin interest rates, other
fees, etc.) and willingness to negotiate them
reputation, financial strength and stability of the provider
•
• prior service to our firm and our other clients
• availability of other products and services that benefit our firm, as discussed below (see
“Products & Services Available from Schwab”)
Custody & Brokerage Costs
The Custodians generally do not charge separate for custody services, but are compensated by
charging commissions or other fees to clients on trades that are executed or that settle into the
Custodians account. For some accounts, the Custodians may charge your account a percentage of the
dollar amount of assets in the account in lieu of commissions. The Custodians commission rates
and/or asset-based fees applicable to client accounts were negotiated based on our firm’s
commitment to maintain a minimum threshold of assets statement equity in accounts at the
Custodians. This commitment benefits clients because the overall commission rates and/or asset-
based fees paid are lower than they would be if our firm had not made the commitment. In addition
to commissions or asset-based fees, The Custodians charge a flat dollar amount as a “prime broker”
or “trade away” fee for each trade that our firm has executed by a different broker-dealer but where
the securities bought or the funds from the securities sold are deposited (settled) into the Custodians
account. These fees are in addition to the commissions or other compensation paid to the executing
broker-dealer. Because of this, in order to minimize client trading costs, our firm has the Custodians
execute most trades for the accounts.
Products & Services Available from Schwab
Schwab Advisor Services is Schwab’s business serving independent investment advisory firms like
our firm. They provide our firm and clients with access to its institutional brokerage – trading,
custody, reporting and related services – many of which are not typically available to Schwab retail
customers. Schwab also makes available various support services. Some of those services help
manage or administer our client accounts while others help manage and grow our business. Schwab’s
support services are generally available on an unsolicited basis (our firm does not have to request
them) and at no charge to our firm. The availability of Schwab’s products and services is not based
on the provision of particular investment advice, such as purchasing particular securities for clients.
Here is a more detailed description of Schwab’s support services:
Services that Benefit Clients
Schwab’s institutional brokerage services include access to a broad range of investment products,
execution of securities transactions, and custody of client assets. The investment products available
through Schwab include some to which our firm might not otherwise have access or that would
require a significantly higher minimum initial investment by firm clients. Schwab’s services
described in this paragraph generally benefit clients and their accounts.
Services that May Not Directly Benefit Clients
Schwab also makes available other products and services that benefit our firm but may not directly
benefit clients or their accounts. These products and services assist in managing and administering
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our client accounts. They include investment research, both Schwab’s and that of third parties. This
research may be used to service all or some substantial number of client accounts, including accounts
not maintained at Schwab. In addition to investment research, Schwab also makes available software
and other technology that:
• provides access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account
statements);
facilitates trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts;
facilitates payment of our fees from our clients’ accounts; and
•
• provides pricing and other market data;
•
• assists with back-office functions, recordkeeping and client reporting.
Services that Generally Benefit Only Our Firm
Schwab also offers other services intended to help manage and further develop our business
enterprise. These services include:
technology, compliance, legal, and business consulting;
• educational conferences and events
•
• publications and conferences on practice management and business succession; and
• access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants and insurance providers.
Schwab may provide some of these services itself. In other cases, Schwab will arrange for third-party
vendors to provide the services to our firm. Schwab may also discount or waive fees for some of these
services or pay all or a part of a third party’s fees. Schwab may also provide our firm with other
benefits, such as occasional business entertainment for our personnel.
Irrespective of direct or indirect benefits to our client through Schwab, our firm strives to enhance
the client experience, help clients reach their goals and put client interests before that of our firm or
associated persons.
Our Interest in Schwab’s Services.
The availability of these services from Schwab benefits our firm because our firm does not have to
produce or purchase them. Our firm does not have to pay for these services, and they are not
contingent upon committing any specific amount of business to Schwab in trading commissions or
assets in custody.
In light of our arrangements with Schwab, a conflict of interest exists as our firm may have incentive
to require that clients maintain their accounts with Schwab based on our interest in receiving
Schwab’s services that benefit our firm rather than based on client interest in receiving the best value
in custody services and the most favorable execution of transactions. As part of our fiduciary duty to
our clients, our firm will endeavor at all times to put the interests of our clients first. Clients should
be aware, however, that the receipt of economic benefits by our firm or our related persons creates
a potential conflict of interest and may indirectly influence our firm’s choice of Schwab as a custodial
recommendation. Our firm examined this potential conflict of interest when our firm chose to
recommend Schwab and have determined that the recommendation is in the best interest of our firm’s
clients and satisfies our fiduciary obligations, including our duty to seek best execution.
In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the
transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of a
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broker-dealer’s services, including the value of research provided, execution capability, commission
rates, and responsiveness. Although our firm will seek competitive rates, to the benefit of all clients,
our firm may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for specific client account
transactions. Our firm believes that the selection of Schwab as a custodian and broker is the best
interest of our clients. It is primarily supported by the scope, quality and price of Schwab’s services,
and not Schwab’s services that only benefit our firm.
Soft Dollars
Our firm does not receive soft dollars in excess of what is allowed by Section 28(e) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934.
Client Transactions in Return for Soft Dollars
Our firm does not direct client transactions to a particular broker-dealer in return for soft dollar
benefits.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
Our firm does not receive brokerage for client referrals.
Directed Brokerage
Neither our firm nor any of our firm’s representatives have discretionary authority in making the
determination of the brokers-dealers and/or custodians with whom orders for the purchase or sale
of securities are placed for execution, and the commission rates at which such securities transactions
are executed. Our firm routinely recommends/ that clients direct us to execute through a specified
custodian. Our firm recommends the use of the Custodians. Each client will be required to establish
their account(s) with the Custodians if not already done. Please note that not all advisers have this
requirement.
Special Considerations for ERISA Clients
A retirement or ERISA plan client may direct all or part of portfolio transactions for its account
through a specific broker or dealer in order to obtain goods or services on behalf of the plan. Such
direction is permitted provided that the goods and services provided are reasonable expenses of the
plan incurred in the ordinary course of its business for which it otherwise would be obligated and
empowered to pay. ERISA prohibits directed brokerage arrangements when the goods or services
purchased are not for the exclusive benefit of the plan. Consequently, our firm will request that plan
sponsors who direct plan brokerage provide us with a letter documenting that this arrangement will
be for the exclusive benefit of the plan.
Aggregation of Purchase or Sale
Our firm provides investment management services for various clients. There are occasions on which
portfolio transactions may be executed as part of concurrent authorizations to purchase or sell the same
security for numerous accounts served by our firm, which involve accounts with similar investment
objectives. Although such concurrent authorizations potentially could be either advantageous or
disadvantageous to any one or more particular accounts, they are affected only when our firm believes
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that to do so will be in the best interest of the effected accounts. When such concurrent authorizations
occur, the objective is to allocate the executions in a manner which is deemed equitable to the accounts
involved. In any given situation, our firm attempts to allocate trade executions in the most equitable
manner possible, taking into consideration client objectives, current asset allocation and availability of
funds using price averaging, proration and consistently non-arbitrary methods of allocation.
Item 13: Review of Client Accounts
We review accounts on at least a monthly basis for our clients subscribing to our Wrap Asset
Management and Wrap Comprehensive Portfolio Management services. The nature of these reviews
is to learn whether clients’ accounts are in line with their investment objectives, appropriately
positioned based on market conditions, and investment policies, if applicable. Only our Financial
Advisors or Portfolio Managers will conduct reviews.
Pension Consulting clients receive reviews of their pension plans for the duration of the pension
consulting service. We also provide ongoing services to Pension Consulting clients where we meet
with such clients upon their request to discuss updates to their plans, changes in their circumstances,
etc.
Financial Planning only clients do not receive reviews of their written plans unless they take action
to schedule a financial consultation with us. We do not provide ongoing services to financial planning
clients, but are willing to meet with such clients upon their request to discuss updates to their plans,
changes in their circumstances, etc.
Our firm may review client accounts more frequently than described above. Among the factors which
may trigger an off-cycle review are major market or economic events, the client’s life events, requests
by the client, etc.
We do not provide written reports to clients, unless asked to do so. Verbal reports to clients take
place on at least an annual basis when we contact clients who subscribe to our Wrap Asset
Management and Wrap Comprehensive Portfolio Management services.
As mentioned in this Brochure, Pension Consulting clients do not receive written or verbal updated
reports regarding their pension plans unless they choose to contract with us for ongoing Pension
Consulting services.
As also mentioned in this Brochure, Financial Planning clients do not receive written or verbal
updated reports regarding their financial plans unless they separately contract with us for a post-
financial plan meeting or update to their initial written financial plan.
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation
Interactive Brokers
Except for the arrangements outlined in Item 12 of Form ADV Part 2A, our firm has no additional
arrangements to disclose with Interactive Brokers.
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Fluent Financial LLC
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
Our firm receives economic benefit from Schwab in the form of the support products and services
made available to our firm and other independent investment advisors that have their clients
maintain accounts at Schwab. These products and services, how they benefit our firm, and the related
conflicts of interest are described above (see Item 12 – Brokerage Practices). The availability of
Schwab’s products and services is not based on our firm giving particular investment advice, such as
buying particular securities for our clients.
Referral Fees
Our firm does not provide cash or non-cash compensation directly or indirectly to unaffiliated
persons for the referral of prospective clients to our firm in accordance with Rule 206 (4)-1 of the
Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
Item 15: Custody
While our firm does not maintain physical custody of client assets (which are maintained by a
qualified custodian, as discussed above), we are deemed to have custody of certain client assets if
given the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts, as further described below under
“Standing Instructions.” All of our clients receive at least quarterly account statements directly from
their custodians. Upon opening an account with a qualified custodian on a client's behalf, we
promptly notify the client in writing of the qualified custodian's contact information. If we decide to
also send account statements to clients, such notice and account statements include a legend that
recommends that the client compare the account statements received from the qualified custodian
with those received from our firm.
We encourage our clients to raise any questions with us about the custody, safety or security of their
assets. The custodians we do business with will send you independent account statements listing
your account balance(s), transaction history and any fee debits or other fees taken out of your
account.
On February 21, 2017, the SEC issued a no‐action letter (“Letter”) with respect to the Rule 206(4)‐2
(“Custody Rule”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). The letter provided
guidance on the Custody Rule as well as clarified that an adviser who has the power to disburse client
funds to a third party under a standing letter of instruction (“SLOA”) is deemed to have custody. As
such, our firm has adopted the following safeguards in conjunction with the account custodian:
• The client provides an instruction to the qualified custodian, in writing, that includes the
client’s signature, the third party’s name, and either the third party’s address or the third
party’s account number at a custodian to which the transfer should be directed.
• The client authorizes the investment adviser, in writing, either on the qualified custodian’s
form or separately, to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or from
time to time.
• The client’s qualified custodian performs appropriate verification of the instruction, such as
a signature review or other method to verify the client’s authorization and provides a transfer
of funds notice to the client promptly after each transfer.
• The client has the ability to terminate or change the instruction to the client’s qualified
custodian.
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Fluent Financial LLC
• The investment adviser has no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the
third party, the address, or any other information about the third party contained in the
client’s instruction.
• The investment adviser maintains records showing that the third party is not a related party
of the investment adviser or located at the same address as the investment adviser.
• The client’s qualified custodian sends the client, in writing, an initial notice confirming the
instruction and an annual notice reconfirming the instruction.
Item 16: Investment Discretion
Clients have the option of providing our firm with investment discretion on their behalf, pursuant to
an executed investment advisory client agreement. By granting investment discretion, we are
authorized to execute securities transactions, which securities are bought and sold, the total amount
to be bought and sold, and the costs at which the transactions will be affected. Limitations may be
imposed by the client in the form of specific constraints on any of these areas of discretion with our
firm’s written acknowledgement.
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
We do not and will not accept the proxy authority to vote client securities. Clients will receive proxies
or other solicitations directly from their custodian or a transfer agent. In the event that proxies are
sent to our firm, we will forward them on to you and ask the party who sent them to mail them
directly to you in the future. Clients may call, write or email us to discuss questions they may have
about particular proxy votes or other solicitations.
Item 18: Financial Information
Inclusion of a Balance Sheet
Our firm does not require nor is prepayment solicited for more than $1,200 in fees per client, 6
months or more in advance. Therefore, our firm has not included a balance sheet for our most recent
fiscal year.
Disclosure of Financial Condition
Our firm has nothing to disclose in this regard.
Bankruptcy Petition
Our firm has never been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
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