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Item 1: Cover Page
Item 1: Cover Page
Part 2A of Form ADV
Firm Brochure
February 19, 2026
FORUM Solutions Group, LLC
dba FORUM Private Client Group
SEC File No. 801-78874
11313 USA Parkway
Fishers, Indiana 46037
phone: 317-558-6322
email: pcg@forumcu.com
website: www.forumcu.com/wealth-management
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of FORUM Private
Client Group. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact Jim Carr at
317-558-6322. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority. Registration with the SEC or
state regulatory authority does not imply a certain level of skill or expertise.
Additional information about FORUM Private Client Group is also available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
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Item 2: Material Changes
Item 2: Material Changes
This Firm Brochure is our disclosure document prepared according to regulatory requirements
and rules. Consistent with the rules, we will ensure that you receive a summary of any material
changes to this and subsequent Brochures within 120 days of the close of our business fiscal
year. Furthermore, we will provide you with other interim disclosures about material changes as
necessary.
The firm made the following material change from the last annual update of this Brochure
issued in March 2025:
▪ As part of its portfolio management services, FORUM may recommend one or more
third-party sub-advisers to manage all or a portion of the client's investment portfolio.
Please see Item 4 of this Brochure for a description of services and Item 5 for fees.
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Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 1: Cover Page ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2: Material Changes .......................................................................................................................................... 2
Item 3: Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................... 3
Item 4: Advisory Business ......................................................................................................................................... 4
Item 5: Fees and Compensation ............................................................................................................................ 7
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management ......................................................... 11
Item 7: Types of Clients ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss ................................................. 13
Item 9: Disciplinary Information ........................................................................................................................... 23
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ........................................................................ 24
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading ........................................................................................................................................................... 25
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ................................................................................................................................... 27
Item 13: Review of Accounts ................................................................................................................................... 32
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation ........................................................................................ 33
Item 15: Custody .......................................................................................................................................................... 34
Item 16: Investment Discretion ............................................................................................................................... 35
Item 17: Voting Client Securities ............................................................................................................................ 36
Item 18: Financial Information ................................................................................................................................ 37
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Item 4: Advisory Business
Item 4: Advisory Business
A. Ownership/Advisory History
FORUM Solutions Group, LLC, dba FORUM Private Client Group (“FORUM” or the “firm”) is an
Indiana limited liability company. FORUM has been in business since 2007. FORUM Credit
Union is the principal owner of FORUM.
B. Advisory Services Offered
FORUM provides financial planning, consulting, and wealth management services. Prior to
engaging FORUM to provide any of the foregoing investment advisory services, the client is
required to enter into one or more written agreements with FORUM setting forth the terms and
conditions under which FORUM renders its services.
Wealth Management Services
Clients can engage FORUM to manage all or a portion of their assets on a discretionary or non-
discretionary basis. In addition, as part of its wealth management services, FORUM will
develop a comprehensive financial plan which takes into consideration investments, insurance,
retirement, education, estate planning, and tax and cash flow needs of the client.
FORUM primarily allocates clients’ investment management assets among mutual funds,
exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), individual debt and equity securities in accordance with the
investment objectives of the client. FORUM also provides advice about any type of investment
held in clients' portfolios.
FORUM also may render discretionary or non-discretionary investment management services
to clients relative to variable life/annuity products that they may own, their individual
employer-sponsored retirement plans, and/or 529 plans or other products that may not be
held by the client’s primary custodian. In so doing, FORUM either directs or recommends the
allocation of client assets among the various investment options that are available with the
product. Client assets are maintained at the specific insurance company or custodian
designated by the product.
Clients have the right to provide the firm with any reasonable investment restrictions on the
management of their portfolio, which must be in writing and sent to the firm. Clients should
promptly notify the firm in writing of any changes in such restrictions or in the client's personal
financial circumstances, investment objectives, goals and tolerance for risk. FORUM will remind
clients of their obligation to inform the firm of any such changes or any restrictions that should
be imposed on the management of the client’s account. FORUM will also contact clients at least
annually to determine whether there have been any changes in a client's personal financial
circumstances, investment objectives and tolerance for risk.
Retirement Rollovers – Conflicts and Added Fees. Plan participants may be paying little or nothing
for the plan’s investment services. As such, investment management costs are likely to be higher
when engaging an investment adviser for professional investment management. Alternative
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Item 4: Advisory Business
courses of action are available to the plan participant: (i) Assuming it is permitted by the Plan,
you can leave your money in your current Plan. (ii) If you have changed employers, you can roll
your assets into the new employer’s Plan, if permissible by your new employer. (iii) You can
establish an IRA R/O and place into a commission-based account at a broker-dealer. (iv) You can
establish an IRA R/O and place into a fee-based advisory account. (v) You can withdraw your
retirement money and pay the taxes and any applicable penalties.
Your decision to roll assets from a qualified plan to a financial professional should be
determined by your need for a desired level of investment services, the associated costs, and
access to a diverse range of investment products that meet your personal risk tolerance and
investment objective.
Selection of Other Advisers (Sub-Advisers)
As part of its portfolio management services, FORUM may recommend one or more third-party
sub-advisers to manage all or a portion of the client's investment portfolio. Factors taken into
consideration when making recommendations include, but are not limited to, the sub-adviser’s
performance, investment strategies, methods of analysis, advisory and other fees, assets under
management, and the client's financial objectives and risk tolerance. FORUM would generally
retain authority to hire/fire the sub-adviser and regularly monitors the performance of the sub-
adviser to ensure its management and investment style remain aligned with the client's
objectives and risk tolerance.
FORUM has sub-advisory agreements with unaffiliated registered investment advisers and
platform providers (“sub-advisers”). FORUM accesses various investment strategies made
available through the sub-advisers’ investment platforms. FORUM determines which strategies
the client assets are to be invested in, and thereafter sub-advisers implement all trades
necessary to cause such assets to be invested in the strategies.
FORUM continuously manages any sub-adviser relationship and regularly monitors the client's
account(s) for performance metrics and adherence to the client's investment objectives. Each
sub-adviser maintains a separate disclosure document that will be provided to the client. The
client should carefully review the sub-adviser's disclosure document for information regarding
fees, risks and investment strategies, and conflicts of interest. The sub-adviser’s fee will be in
addition to the advisory fees charged by FORUM.
Financial Planning and Consulting Services
FORUM offers clients a broad range of financial planning and consulting services, which include
any or all of the following:
Insurance Review & Planning
Investment Planning
▪ Cash Flow Forecasting
▪ Social Security Planning
▪ Education Planning
▪ Estate Planning
▪
▪ Business Planning
▪ Retirement Planning
▪ Tax Planning
▪ Budgeting Support
▪
▪ Risk Management
▪ Philanthropy Planning
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Item 4: Advisory Business
While each of these services is available on a stand-alone basis, certain of them can also be
rendered in conjunction with investment portfolio management as part of a comprehensive
wealth management engagement. Clients may elect for a limited engagement, where services
are completed upon delivery of the plan or consultation, or ongoing financial planning services.
In performing these services, FORUM is not required to verify any information received from the
client or from the client’s other professionals (e.g., attorneys, accountants, etc.,) and is expressly
authorized to rely on such information. FORUM recommends certain clients engage the firm for
additional related services and/or other professionals to implement its recommendations.
Clients are advised that a conflict of interest exists for the firm to recommend that clients
engage FORUM or its affiliates to provide (or continue to provide) additional services for
compensation, including investment management services. Clients retain absolute discretion
over all decisions regarding implementation and are under no obligation to act upon any of the
recommendations made by FORUM under a financial planning or consulting engagement.
Clients are advised that it remains their responsibility to promptly notify the firm of any change
in their financial situation or investment objectives for the purpose of reviewing, evaluating or
revising FORUM’s recommendations and/or services.
C. Client-Tailored Services and Client-Imposed Restrictions
Each client’s account will be managed on the basis of the client’s financial situation and
investment objectives and in accordance with any reasonable restrictions imposed by the client
on the management of the account—for example, restricting the type or amount of security to
be purchased in the portfolio.
D. Wrap Fee Programs
FORUM does not participate in wrap fee programs. (Wrap fee programs offer services for one
all-inclusive fee.)
E. Client Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2025, FORUM managed assets of $381,043,472 on a discretionary basis, and
$22,209,301 on a non-discretionary basis.
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Item 5: Fees and Compensation
Item 5: Fees and Compensation
A. Methods of Compensation and Fee Schedule
Wealth Management & Sub-Adviser Fees
FORUM’s portfolio management fee is an asset-based fee, calculated as a percentage of the
value of the managed assets. The total managed account fee will include FORUM’s tiered fee as
outlined in the following fee schedule (negotiable), plus a model manager and platform fee if a
sub-adviser platform is utilized (sub-adviser’s fee portion is non-negotiable).
Portfolio Value
Annual Fee Rate
Up to $250,000
$250,001 - $1,000,000
$1,000,001 - $2,500,000
Above $2,500,001
1.25%
1.00%
0.75%
Negotiable
FORUM has a minimum annual fee of $1,000. For portfolio values less than $80,000, clients may
be able to obtain comparable services at a lower cost elsewhere. FORUM, in its sole discretion,
may negotiate to charge a lesser management fee based upon certain criteria (e.g., anticipated
future earning capacity, anticipated future additional assets, dollar amount of assets to be
managed, related accounts, account composition, pre-existing client, account retention, pro
bono activities, etc.).
The sub-adviser’s fee is variable depending on the sub-adviser and strategy(ies) selected and
may change. In consideration for such services, the sub-adviser will charge a program fee that
includes the investment management fee of the strategists, the administration of the program,
and trading, clearance and settlement costs. Clients are advised that FORUM has an economic
incentive to recommend those strategies that yield the highest fees to FORUM. While FORUM
prioritizes clients’ best interests, it is important to be aware of this conflict of interest during the
construction of the client’s investment portfolio. Please ask your FORUM professional for a
current list of strategies and their costs. Clients will be required to approve in writing any
strategy change that results in an increased fee.
Wealth management fees are subject to the investment advisory agreement between the client
and FORUM, and if a sub-adviser platform is utilized, in the separate Portfolio Confirmation
Form clients are required to sign prior to implementation of their portfolio. Such fees are
payable quarterly in advance. If a client utilizes leverage, the firm’s fees will be billed on the net
equity in the portfolio.
The fees will be prorated if the investment advisory relationship commences otherwise than at
the beginning of a calendar quarter. Fees are calculated on an average daily basis; as such, any
contributions or withdrawals are taken into account with regard to the fee calculation. FORUM
may modify the fee at any time upon 30 days’ written notice to the client. In the event the client
has an ERISA-governed plan, fee modifications must be approved in writing by the client.
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Item 5: Fees and Compensation
Financial Planning and Consulting Fees
FORUM offers financial planning and consulting services as a limited engagement or an ongoing
service.
Limited engagements will be billed an hourly fee ranging from $250 to $700 per hour
depending on the experience of the professional providing the service, with a minimum
engagement of $1,000. Clients are advised that, in consideration of the fee structure, FORUM
has an economic incentive to place staff that bill at lower hourly rates on the engagement.
FORUM will provide the client with an estimate of hours based upon the scope and complexity
of the services. The terms and conditions of the limited financial planning and/or consulting
engagement are set forth in the advisory agreement, and FORUM requires one-half of the fee
(estimated hourly) payable upon execution of the advisory agreement. The outstanding balance
is due upon delivery of the financial plan or completion of the agreed-upon services.
For ongoing financial planning services, FORUM charges an annual fee as negotiated between
the client and the firm. FORUM’s fee is determined based on the nature of the services being
provided and the complexity of each client’s circumstances. The terms and conditions of the
ongoing financial planning engagement are set forth in the advisory agreement, and FORUM
requires a $1,000 onboarding fee payable upon execution of the advisory agreement, and the
annual fee is paid quarterly in advance via ACH. Clients that have an investment management
engagement with FORUM will be given the option of having their financial planning fee debited
from their custodial account.
B. Client Payment of Fees
Wealth Management & Sub-Adviser Fees
FORUM requires clients to authorize the direct debit of fees from their accounts. Exceptions may
be granted subject to the firm’s consent for clients to be billed directly for our fees. For directly
debited fees, the custodian’s periodic statements will show each fee deduction from the
account. Clients may withdraw this authorization for direct billing of these fees at any time by
notifying us or their custodian in writing.
FORUM will deduct advisory fees directly from the client’s account provided that (i) the client
provides written authorization, and (ii) the qualified custodian sends the client a statement, at
least quarterly, indicating all amounts disbursed from the account. The client is responsible for
verifying the accuracy of the fee calculation, as the client’s custodian will not verify the
calculation.
The agreement may be canceled at any time by the client, or by FORUM with 30 days’ prior
written notice to the client. Upon termination, any unearned, prepaid fees will be promptly
refunded.
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Item 5: Fees and Compensation
Financial Planning and Consulting Fees
Financial planning fee terms are subject to the client services agreement between the client and
FORUM. For prepaid fees of $1,200 or more, services will be completed within six months of the
date fees are received.
The agreement may be canceled at any time by the client, or by FORUM with 30 days’ prior
written notice to the client. Upon termination, any unearned, prepaid fees will be promptly
refunded.
C. Additional Client Fees Charged
All fees paid for investment advisory services are separate and distinct from the fees and
expenses charged by exchange-traded funds, mutual funds, third-party sub-advisers, broker-
dealers, and custodians retained by clients. Such fees and expenses are described in each
exchange-traded fund and mutual fund’s prospectus, each sub-adviser’s Form ADV and
Brochure and Brochure Supplement or similar disclosure statement, and by any broker-dealer
or custodian retained by the client. Clients are advised to read these materials carefully before
investing. If a mutual fund also imposes sales charges, a client may pay an initial or deferred
sales charge as further described in the mutual fund’s prospectus. A client using FORUM may be
precluded from using certain mutual funds or separate account managers because they may not
be offered by the client's custodian.
Please refer to the Brokerage Practices section (Item 12) for additional information regarding the
firm’s brokerage practices.
D. Prepayment of Client Fees
FORUM generally requires fees to be prepaid on a quarterly basis. FORUM’s fees will either be
paid directly by the client or disbursed to FORUM by the qualified custodian of the client’s
investment accounts, subject to prior written consent of the client. The custodian will deliver
directly to the client an account statement, at least quarterly, showing all investment and
transaction activity for the period, including fee disbursements from the account.
A client investment advisory agreement may be canceled at any time by the client, or by FORUM
with 30 days’ prior written notice to the client. Upon termination, any unearned, prepaid fees will
be promptly refunded. The client has the right to terminate an agreement without penalty within
five business days after entering into the agreement.
E. External Compensation for the Sale of Securities to Clients
FORUM’s advisory professionals are compensated primarily through a fixed salary plus a
percentage of the assets under management. FORUM’s advisory professionals may receive
commission-based compensation for the sale of insurance products. Please see Item 10.C. for
detailed information and conflicts of interest.
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Item 5: Fees and Compensation
F. Important Disclosure – Custodian Investment Programs
Please be advised that the firm utilizes certain custodians/broker-dealers. Under these
arrangements we can access certain investment programs offered through such custodian(s)
that offer certain compensation and fee structures that create conflicts of interest of which
clients need to be aware. Please note the following:
Limitation on Mutual Fund Universe for Custodian Investment Programs: There are certain
programs in which we participate where a client’s investment options may be limited in certain
of these programs to those mutual funds and/or mutual fund share classes that pay 12b-1 fees
and other revenue sharing fee payments, and the client should be aware that the firm is not
selecting from among all mutual funds available in the marketplace when recommending
mutual funds to the client.
Conflict Between Revenue Share Class (12b-1) and Non-Revenue Share Class Mutual Funds:
Revenue share class/12b-1 fees are deducted from the net asset value of the mutual fund and
generally, all things being equal, cause the fund to earn lower rates of return than those mutual
funds that do not pay revenue sharing fees. The client is under no obligation to utilize such
programs or mutual funds. Although many factors will influence the type of fund to be used, the
client should discuss with their investment adviser representative whether a share class from a
comparable mutual fund with a more favorable return to investors is available that does not
include the payment of any 12b-1 or revenue sharing fees given the client’s individual needs
and priorities and anticipated transaction costs. In addition, the receipt of such fees can create
conflicts of interest in instances where the custodian receives the entirety of the 12b-1 and/or
revenue sharing fees and takes the receipt of such fees into consideration in terms of benefits it
may elect to provide to the firm, even though such benefits may or may not benefit some or all
of the firm clients.
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Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
FORUM does not charge performance-based fees and therefore has no economic incentive to
manage clients’ portfolios in any way other than what is in their best interests.
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Item 7: Types of Clients
Item 7: Types of Clients
FORUM provides its services to individuals, high net worth individuals, and trusts.
FORUM has a minimum annual fee of $1,000. For portfolio values less than $80,000, clients may
be able to obtain comparable services at a lower cost elsewhere. FORUM, at its sole discretion,
may waive this minimum requirement.
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Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
A. Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
FORUM uses a variety of sources of data to conduct its economic, investment and market
analysis, such as financial newspapers and magazines, economic and market research materials
prepared by others, conference calls hosted by mutual funds, corporate rating services, annual
reports, prospectuses, and company press releases. It is important to keep in mind that there is
no specific approach to investing that guarantees success or positive returns; investing in
securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear.
FORUM and its investment adviser representatives are responsible for identifying and
implementing the methods of analysis used in formulating investment recommendations to
clients. The methods of analysis may include quantitative methods for optimizing client
portfolios, computer-based risk/return analysis, technical analysis, and statistical and/or
computer models utilizing long-term economic criteria.
▪ Optimization involves the use of mathematical algorithms to determine the appropriate
mix of assets given the firm’s current capital market rate assessment and a particular
client’s risk tolerance.
▪ Quantitative methods include analysis of historical data such as price and volume
statistics, performance data, standard deviation and related risk metrics, how the security
performs relative to the overall stock market, earnings data, price to earnings ratios, and
related data.
▪ Technical analysis involves charting price and volume data as reported by the exchange
where the security is traded to look for price trends.
▪ Computer models may be used to derive the future value of a security based on
assumptions of various data categories such as earnings, cash flow, profit margins, sales,
and a variety of other company specific metrics.
In addition, FORUM reviews research material prepared by others, as well as corporate filings,
corporate rating services, and a variety of financial publications. FORUM may employ outside
vendors or utilize third-party software to assist in formulating investment recommendations to
clients.
Mutual Funds and Exchange-Traded Funds, Individual Securities, Third-Party Sub-
Advisers
FORUM may recommend ”institutional share class” mutual funds, exchange-traded funds
(“ETFs”), and individual securities (including fixed income instruments).
FORUM may also assist the client in selecting one or more appropriate sub-adviser(s) for all or a
portion of the client’s portfolio. Such sub-adviser will typically manage assets for clients who
commit to the sub-adviser a minimum amount of assets established by that sub-adviser—a
factor that FORUM will take into account when recommending sub-advisers to clients. FORUM's
selection process cannot ensure that sub-advisers will perform as desired, and FORUM will have
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Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
no control over the day-to-day operations of any of its selected sub-advisers. FORUM would not
necessarily be aware of certain activities at the underlying sub-adviser’s level, including without
limitation a sub-adviser’s engaging in unreported risks, investment “style drift,” or even
regulatory breaches or fraud.
A description of the criteria to be used in formulating an investment recommendation for
mutual funds, ETFs, individual securities (including fixed-income securities), and sub-advisers is
set forth below.
FORUM has formed relationships with third-party vendors that
▪ provide a technological platform for separate account management
▪ prepare performance reports
▪ perform or distribute research of individual securities
▪ perform billing and certain other administrative tasks
FORUM may utilize additional independent third parties to assist it in recommending and
monitoring individual securities and mutual funds to clients as appropriate under the
circumstances.
FORUM may utilize additional independent third parties to assist it in recommending and
monitoring individual securities, funds, and sub-advisers to clients as appropriate under the
circumstances.
FORUM reviews certain quantitative and qualitative criteria related to funds and sub-advisers
and to formulate investment recommendations to its clients. Quantitative criteria may include
▪ performance history of a fund or sub-adviser evaluated against that of its peers and
other benchmarks
▪ analysis of risk-adjusted returns
▪ analysis of the contribution to the investment return (e.g., manager’s alpha), standard
deviation of returns over specific time periods, sector and style analysis
▪
fund or sub-adviser’s fee structure
▪
relevant portfolio manager’s tenure
Qualitative criteria used in selecting/recommending funds or sub-advisers include the
investment objectives and/or management style and philosophy of a fund or sub-adviser; a
mutual fund or sub-adviser’s consistency of investment style; and employee turnover and
efficiency and capacity.
Quantitative and qualitative criteria related to funds and sub-advisers are reviewed by FORUM
on a quarterly basis or such other interval as appropriate under the circumstances. In addition,
funds or sub-advisers are reviewed to determine the extent to which their investments reflect
any of the following: efforts to time the market, engage in portfolio pumping, or evidence style
drift such that their portfolios no longer accurately reflect the particular asset category
attributed to the fund or sub-adviser by FORUM (all negative factors in implementing an asset
allocation structure).
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Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
FORUM may negotiate reduced account minimum balances and reduced fees with sub-advisers
under various circumstances (e.g., for clients with minimum level of assets committed to the
manager for specific periods of time, etc.). There can be no assurance that clients will receive any
reduced account minimum balances or fees, or that all clients, even if apparently similarly
situated, will receive any reduced account minimum balances or fees available to some other
clients. Also, account minimum balances and fees may significantly differ between clients. Each
client’s individual needs and circumstances will determine portfolio weighting, which can have
an impact on fees given the funds or sub-advisers utilized. FORUM will endeavor to obtain equal
treatment for its clients with funds or sub-advisers, but cannot assure equal treatment.
FORUM will regularly review the activities of funds and sub-advisers utilized for the client.
Clients that engage sub-advisers or invest in funds should first review and understand the
disclosure documents of those sub-advisers or funds, which contain information relevant to such
retention or investment, including information on the methodology used to analyze securities,
investment strategies, fees and conflicts of interest.
Material Risks of Investment Instruments
FORUM typically invests in open-end mutual funds and exchange-traded funds for the vast
majority of its clients. However, for certain clients, FORUM may effect transactions in the
following types of securities:
▪ Equity securities
▪ Warrants and rights
▪ Mutual fund securities
▪ Exchange-traded funds
▪ Fixed income securities
▪ Corporate debt securities, commercial paper, and certificates of deposit
▪ Municipal securities
▪ U.S. government securities
▪ Government and agency mortgage-backed securities
▪ Corporate debt obligations
▪ Mortgage-backed securities
▪ Asset-backed securities
▪ Collateralized obligations
Equity Securities
Investing in individual companies involves inherent risk. The major risks relate to the
company’s capitalization, quality of the company’s management, quality and cost of the
company’s services, the company’s ability to manage costs, efficiencies in the manufacturing
or service delivery process, management of litigation risk, and the company’s ability to create
shareholder value (i.e., increase the value of the company’s stock price). Foreign securities, in
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Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
addition to the general risks of equity securities, have geopolitical risk, financial transparency
risk, currency risk, regulatory risk and liquidity risk.
Warrants and Rights
Warrants are securities, typically issued with preferred stock or bonds that give the holder the
right to purchase a given number of shares of common stock at a specified price and time. The
price of the warrant usually represents a premium over the applicable market value of the
common stock at the time of the warrant’s issuance. Warrants have no voting rights with
respect to the common stock, receive no dividends and have no rights with respect to the
assets of the issuer.
Investments in warrants and rights involve certain risks, including the possible lack of a liquid
market for the resale of the warrants and rights, potential price fluctuations due to adverse
market conditions or other factors and failure of the price of the common stock to rise. If the
warrant is not exercised within the specified time period, it becomes worthless.
Mutual Fund Securities
Investing in mutual funds carries inherent risk. The major risks of investing in a mutual fund
include the quality and experience of the portfolio management team and its ability to create
fund value by investing in securities that have positive growth, the amount of individual
company diversification, the type and amount of industry diversification, and the type and
amount of sector diversification within specific industries. In addition, mutual funds tend to be
tax inefficient and therefore investors may pay capital gains taxes on fund investments while
not having yet sold the fund.
Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETFs”)
ETFs are investment companies whose shares are bought and sold on a securities exchange.
An ETF holds a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market segment or index.
Some examples of ETFs are SPDRs®, streetTRACKS®, DIAMONDSSM, NASDAQ 100 Index
Tracking StockSM (“QQQs SM”) iShares® and VIPERs®. The funds could purchase an ETF to gain
exposure to a portion of the U.S. or foreign market. The funds, as a shareholder of another
investment company, will bear their pro-rata portion of the other investment company’s
advisory fee and other expenses, in addition to their own expenses.
Investing in ETFs involves risk. Specifically, ETFs, depending on the underlying portfolio and its
size, can have wide price (bid and ask) spreads, thus diluting or negating any upward price
movement of the ETF or enhancing any downward price movement. Also, ETFs require more
frequent portfolio reporting by regulators and are thereby more susceptible to actions by
hedge funds that could have a negative impact on the price of the ETF. Certain ETFs may
employ leverage, which creates additional volatility and price risk depending on the amount of
leverage utilized, the collateral and the liquidity of the supporting collateral.
Further, the use of leverage (i.e., employing the use of margin) generally results in additional
interest costs to the ETF. Certain ETFs are highly leveraged and therefore have additional
volatility and liquidity risk. Volatility and liquidity can severely and negatively impact the price
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Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
of the ETF’s underlying portfolio securities, thereby causing significant price fluctuations of the
ETF.
Fixed Income Securities
Fixed income securities carry additional risks than those of equity securities described above.
These risks include the company’s ability to retire its debt at maturity, the current interest rate
environment, the coupon interest rate promised to bondholders, legal constraints,
jurisdictional risk (U.S or foreign) and currency risk. If bonds have maturities of ten years or
greater, they will likely have greater price swings when interest rates move up or down. The
shorter the maturity the less volatile the price swings. Foreign bonds have liquidity and
currency risk.
Corporate Debt, Commercial Paper and Certificates of Deposit
Fixed income securities carry additional risks than those of equity securities described above.
These risks include the company’s ability to retire its debt at maturity, the current interest rate
environment, the coupon interest rate promised to bondholders, legal constraints,
jurisdictional risk (U.S or foreign) and currency risk. If bonds have maturities of ten years or
greater, they will likely have greater price swings when interest rates move up or down. The
shorter the maturity the less volatile the price swings. Foreign bonds also have liquidity and
currency risk.
Commercial paper and certificates of deposit are generally considered safe instruments,
although they are subject to the level of general interest rates, the credit quality of the issuing
bank and the length of maturity. With respect to certificates of deposit, depending on the
length of maturity there can be prepayment penalties if the client needs to convert the
certificate of deposit to cash prior to maturity.
Municipal Securities
Municipal securities carry additional risks than those of corporate and bank-sponsored debt
securities described above. These risks include the municipality’s ability to raise additional tax
revenue or other revenue (in the event the bonds are revenue bonds) to pay interest on its
debt and to retire its debt at maturity. Municipal bonds are generally tax free at the federal
level, but may be taxable in individual states other than the state in which both the investor
and municipal issuer is domiciled.
U.S. Government Securities
U.S. government securities include securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and by U.S.
government agencies and instrumentalities. U.S. government securities may be supported by
the full faith and credit of the United States.
Government and Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities
The principal issuers or guarantors of mortgage-backed securities are the Government
National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), Fannie Mae (“FNMA”) and the Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”). GNMA, a wholly owned U.S. government corporation within
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Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
the Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”), creates pass-through securities
from pools of government-guaranteed (Farmers’ Home Administration, Federal Housing
Authority or Veterans Administration) mortgages. The principal and interest on GNMA pass-
through securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
FNMA, which is a U.S. government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private
stockholders that is subject to regulation by the secretary of HUD, and FHLMC, a corporate
instrumentality of the U.S. government, issue pass-through securities from pools of
conventional and federally insured and/or guaranteed residential mortgages. FNMA
guarantees full and timely payment of all interest and principal, and FHMLC guarantees timely
payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal of its pass-through securities.
Mortgage-backed securities from FNMA and FHLMC are not backed by the full faith and credit
of the U.S. government.
Corporate Debt Obligations
Corporate debt obligations include corporate bonds, debentures, notes, commercial paper
and other similar corporate debt instruments. Companies use these instruments to borrow
money from investors. The issuer pays the investor a fixed or variable rate of interest and must
repay the amount borrowed at maturity. Commercial paper (short-term unsecured promissory
notes) is issued by companies to finance their current obligations and normally has a maturity
of less than nine months. In addition, the firm may also invest in corporate debt securities
registered and sold in the United States by foreign issuers (Yankee bonds) and those sold
outside the U.S. by foreign or U.S. issuers (Eurobonds).
Mortgage-Backed Securities
Mortgage-backed securities represent interests in a pool of mortgage loans originated by
lenders such as commercial banks, savings associations, and mortgage bankers and brokers.
Mortgage-backed securities may be issued by governmental or government-related entities,
or by non-governmental entities such as special-purpose trusts created by commercial
lenders.
Pools of mortgages consist of whole mortgage loans or participations in mortgage loans. The
majority of these loans are made to purchasers of between one and four family homes. The
terms and characteristics of the mortgage instruments are generally uniform within a pool but
may vary among pools. For example, in addition to fixed-rate, fixed-term mortgages, the firm
may purchase pools of adjustable-rate mortgages, growing equity mortgages, graduated
payment mortgages and other types. Mortgage poolers apply qualification standards to
lending institutions, which originate mortgages for the pools as well as credit standards and
underwriting criteria for individual mortgages included in the pools. In addition, many
mortgages included in pools are insured through private mortgage insurance companies.
Mortgage-backed securities differ from other forms of fixed income securities, which normally
provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity
or on specified call dates. Most mortgage-backed securities, however, are pass-through
securities, which means that investors receive payments consisting of a pro rata share of both
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Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
principal and interest (less servicing and other fees), as well as unscheduled prepayments as
loans in the underlying mortgage pool are paid off by the borrowers. Additional prepayments
to holders of these securities are caused by prepayments resulting from the sale or foreclosure
of the underlying property or refinancing of the underlying loans. As prepayment rates of
individual pools of mortgage loans vary widely, it is not possible to accurately predict the
average life of a particular mortgage-backed security. Although mortgage-backed securities
are issued with stated maturities of up to 40 years, unscheduled or early payments of principal
and interest on the mortgages may shorten considerably the securities’ effective maturities.
Asset-Backed Securities
Like mortgages-backed securities, the collateral underlying asset-backed securities are subject
to prepayment, which may reduce the overall return to holders of asset-backed securities.
Asset-backed securities present certain additional and unique risks. Primarily, these securities
do not always have the benefit of a security interest in collateral comparable to the security
interests associated with mortgage-backed securities. Credit card receivables are in general
unsecured. Debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer
credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set-off certain amounts owed on the
credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due.
Generally, automobile receivables are secured by automobiles. Most issuers of automobile
receivables permit the loan servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the
servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would
acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the asset-backed securities. In addition,
because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issuance and the technical
requirements under state laws, the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may
not have a proper security interest in the underlying automobiles. As a result, the risk that
recovery on repossessed collateral might be unavailable or inadequate to support payments
on asset-backed securities is greater for asset-backed securities than for mortgage-backed
securities. In addition, because asset-backed securities are relatively new, the market
experience in these securities is limited and the market’s ability to sustain liquidity through all
phases of an interest rate or economic cycle has not been tested.
Collateralized Obligations
Collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) are collateralized by mortgage-backed
securities issued by GNMA, FHLMC or FNMA (“mortgage assets”). CMOs are multiple-class
debt obligations. Payments of principal and interest on the mortgage assets are passed
through to the holders of the CMOs as they are received, although certain classes (often
referred to as “tranches”) of CMOs have priority over other classes with respect to the receipt
of mortgage prepayments. Each tranch is issued at a specific or floating coupon rate and has a
stated maturity or final distribution date. Interest is paid or accrues in all tranches on a
monthly, quarterly or semi-annual basis. Payments of principal and interest on mortgage
assets are commonly applied to the tranches in the order of their respective maturities or final
distribution dates, so that generally no payment of principal will be made on any tranch until
all other tranches with earlier stated maturity or distribution dates have been paid in full.
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Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
Collateralized debt obligations ("CDOs") include collateralized bond obligations ("CBOs"),
collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs") and other similarly structured securities. CBOs and
CLOs are types of asset-backed securities. A CBO is a trust that is backed by a diversified pool
of high-risk, below-investment-grade fixed income securities. A CLO is a trust typically
collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign
senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans and subordinate corporate loans, including loans
that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans.
B. Investment Strategy and Method of Analysis Material Risks
Our investment strategy is custom-tailored to the client’s goals, investment objectives, risk
tolerance, and personal and financial circumstances.
Margin Leverage
Although FORUM, as a general business practice, does not utilize leverage, there may be
instances in which exchange-traded funds, other separate account managers and, in very limited
circumstances, FORUM will utilize leverage. In this regard please review the following:
The use of margin leverage enhances the overall risk of investment gain and loss to the client’s
investment portfolio. For example, investors are able to control $2 of a security for $1. So if the
price of a security rises by $1, the investor earns a 100% return on their investment. Conversely,
if the security declines by $.50, then the investor loses 50% of their investment.
The use of margin leverage entails borrowing, which results in additional interest costs to the
investor.
Broker-dealers who carry customer accounts require a minimum equity requirement when
clients utilize margin leverage. The minimum equity requirement is stated as a percentage of the
value of the underlying collateral security with an absolute minimum dollar requirement. For
example, if the price of a security declines in value to the point where the excess equity used to
satisfy the minimum requirement dissipates, the broker-dealer will require the client to deposit
additional collateral to the account in the form of cash or marketable securities. A deposit of
securities to the account will require a larger deposit, as the security being deposited is included
in the computation of the minimum equity requirement. In addition, when leverage is utilized
and the client needs to withdraw cash, the client must sell a disproportionate amount of
collateral securities to release enough cash to satisfy the withdrawal amount based upon similar
reasoning as cited above.
Regulations concerning the use of margin leverage are established by the Federal Reserve Board
and vary if the client’s account is held at a broker-dealer versus a bank custodian. Broker-dealers
and bank custodians may apply more stringent rules as they deem necessary.
Short-Term Trading
Although FORUM, as a general business practice, does not utilize short-term trading, there may
be instances in which short-term trading may be necessary or an appropriate strategy. In this
regard, please read the following:
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Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
There is an inherent risk for clients who trade frequently in that high-frequency trading creates
substantial transaction costs that in the aggregate could negatively impact account
performance.
Short Selling
FORUM generally does not engage in short selling but reserves the right to do so in the exercise
of its sole judgment. Short selling involves the sale of a security that is borrowed rather than
owned. When a short sale is effected, the investor is expecting the price of the security to
decline in value so that a purchase or closeout of the short sale can be effected at a significantly
lower price. The primary risks of effecting short sales is the availability to borrow the stock, the
unlimited potential for loss, and the requirement to fund any difference between the short credit
balance and the market value of the security.
Technical Trading Models
Technical trading models are mathematically driven based upon historical data and trends of
domestic and foreign market trading activity, including various industry and sector trading
statistics within such markets. Technical trading models, through mathematical algorithms,
attempt to identify when markets are likely to increase or decrease and identify appropriate
entry and exit points. The primary risk of technical trading models is that historical trends and
past performance cannot predict future trends, and there is no assurance that the mathematical
algorithms employed are designed properly, updated with new data, and can accurately predict
future market, industry, and sector performance.
Option Strategies
Various option strategies give the holder the right to acquire or sell underlying securities at the
contract strike price up until expiration of the option. Each contract is worth 100 shares of the
underlying security. Options entail greater risk but allow an investor to have market exposure to
a particular security or group of securities without the capital commitment required to purchase
the underlying security or groups of securities. In addition, options allow investors to hedge
security positions held in the portfolio. For detailed information on the use of options and
option strategies, please contact the Options Clearing Corporation for the current Options Risk
Disclosure Statement.
FORUM as part of its investment strategy may employ the following option strategies:
▪ Covered call writing
▪ Long call options purchases
▪ Long put options purchases
▪ Option spreading
Covered Call Writing
Covered call writing is the sale of in-, at-, or out-of-the-money call option against a long
security position held in the client portfolio. This type of transaction is used to generate
income. It also serves to create downside protection in the event the security position declines
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Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
in value. Income is received from the proceeds of the option sale. Such income may be
reduced to the extent it is necessary to buy back the option position prior to its expiration.
This strategy may involve a degree of trading velocity, transaction costs and significant losses
if the underlying security has volatile price movement. Covered call strategies are generally
suited for companies with little price volatility.
Long Call Option Purchases
Long call option purchases allow the option holder to be exposed to the general market
characteristics of a security without the outlay of capital necessary to own the security. Options
are wasting assets and expire (usually within nine months of issuance), and as a result can
expose the investor to significant loss.
Long Put Option Purchases
Long put option purchases allow the option holder to sell or “put” the underlying security at
the contract strike price at a future date. If the price of the underlying security declines in
value, the value of the long put option increases. In this way long puts are often used to hedge
a long stock position. Options are wasting assets and expire (usually within nine months of
issuance), and as a result can expose the investor to significant loss.
Option Spreading
Option spreading usually involves the purchase of a call option and the sale of a call option at
a higher contract strike price, both having the same expiration month. The purpose of this
type of transaction is to allow the holder to be exposed to the general market characteristics
of a security without the outlay of capital to own the security, and to offset the cost by selling
the call option with a higher contract strike price. In this type of transaction, the spread holder
“locks in” a maximum profit, defined as the difference in contract prices reduced by the net
cost of implementing the spread. There are many variations of option spreading strategies;
please contact the Options Clearing Corporation for a current Options Risk Disclosure
Statement that discusses each of these strategies.
C. Security-Specific Material Risks
There is an inherent risk for clients who have their investment portfolios heavily weighted in one
security, one industry or industry sector, one geographic location, one investment manager, one
type of investment instrument (equities versus fixed income). Clients who have diversified
portfolios, as a general rule, incur less volatility and therefore less fluctuation in portfolio value
than those who have concentrated holdings. Concentrated holdings may offer the potential for
higher gain, but also offer the potential for significant loss.
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Item 9: Disciplinary Information
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
A. Criminal or Civil Actions
There is nothing to report on this item.
B. Administrative Enforcement Proceedings
There is nothing to report on this item.
C. Self-Regulatory Organization Enforcement Proceedings
There is nothing to report on this item.
Page 23
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
A. Broker-Dealer or Representative Registration
Neither FORUM nor its supervised persons are registered broker-dealers and do not have an
application to register pending.
B. Futures or Commodity Registration
Neither FORUM nor its affiliates are registered as a commodity firm, futures commission
merchant, commodity pool operator or commodity trading advisor and do not have an
application to register pending.
C. Material Relationships Maintained by this Advisory Business and
Conflicts of Interest
FORUM Credit Union
FORUM is under common control with FORUM Credit Union, a federal credit union. FORUM
may recommend FORUM Credit Union to its clients to fulfill their banking needs. Clients are
advised that any such referral is an inherent conflict of interest due to the common ownership
among the companies.
Registration as Insurance Agency
FORUM Credit Union is a duly licensed insurance agency. Additionally, certain of FORUM’s
supervised persons are licensed insurance agents with FORUM Credit Union, and in such
capacity, may recommend, on a fully disclosed basis, the purchase of certain insurance products.
A conflict of interest exists to the extent that FORUM or its supervised persons recommend the
purchase of insurance products where FORUM Credit Union or FORUM’s supervised persons
receive insurance commissions or other additional compensation. FORUM strives to put its
clients’ interests first and foremost, and clients may utilize any insurance carrier or insurance
agency they desire.
D. Recommendation or Selection of Other Investment Advisors and
Conflicts of Interest
With respect to its wealth management services, the firm engages third-party investment
managers or sub-advisers to manage FORUM client accounts, and such third parties charge a
separate fee for their investment management services. FORUM does not receive any referral
remuneration from advisers, investment managers, or other service providers that it
recommends to clients.
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Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
and Personal Trading
A. Code of Ethics Description
In accordance with the Advisers Act, FORUM has adopted policies and procedures designed to
detect and prevent insider trading. In addition, FORUM has adopted a Code of Ethics (the
“Code”). Among other things, the Code includes written procedures governing the conduct of
FORUM's advisory and access persons. The Code also imposes certain reporting obligations on
persons subject to the Code. The Code and applicable securities transactions are monitored by
the chief compliance officer of FORUM. FORUM will send clients a copy of its Code of Ethics
upon written request.
FORUM has policies and procedures in place to ensure that the interests of its clients are given
preference over those of FORUM, its affiliates and its employees. For example, there are policies
in place to prevent the misappropriation of material non-public information, and such other
policies and procedures reasonably designed to comply with federal and state securities laws.
B. Investment Recommendations Involving a Material Financial Interest and
Conflicts of Interest
FORUM does not engage in principal trading (i.e., the practice of selling stock to advisory clients
from a firm’s inventory or buying stocks from advisory clients into a firm’s inventory). In
addition, FORUM does not recommend any securities to advisory clients in which it has some
proprietary or ownership interest.
C. Advisory Firm Purchase or Sale of Same Securities Recommended to
Clients and Conflicts of Interest
FORUM, its affiliates, employees and their families, trusts, estates, charitable organizations and
retirement plans established by it may purchase or sell the same securities as are purchased or
sold for clients in accordance with its Code of Ethics policies and procedures. The personal
securities transactions by advisory representatives and employees may raise potential conflicts
of interest when they trade in a security that is:
▪ owned by the client, or
▪ considered for purchase or sale for the client.
Such conflict generally refers to the practice of front-running (trading ahead of the client), which
FORUM specifically prohibits. FORUM has adopted policies and procedures that are intended to
address these conflicts of interest. These policies and procedures:
▪
require our advisory representatives and employees to act in the client’s best interest
▪ prohibit fraudulent conduct in connection with the trading of securities in a client
account
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Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
▪ prohibit employees from personally benefitting by causing a client to act, or fail to act in
making investment decisions
▪ prohibit the firm or its employees from profiting or causing others to profit on
knowledge of completed or contemplated client transactions
▪ allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner
▪ provide for the review of transactions to discover and correct any trades that result in an
advisory representative or employee benefitting at the expense of a client.
Advisory representatives and employees must follow FORUM’s procedures when purchasing or
selling the same securities purchased or sold for the client.
D. Client Securities Recommendations or Trades and Concurrent Advisory
Firm Securities Transactions and Conflicts of Interest
FORUM, its affiliates, employees and their families, trusts, estates, charitable organizations, and
retirement plans established by it may effect securities transactions for their own accounts that
differ from those recommended or effected for other FORUM clients. The firm does not engage
in aggregation or bulk trading, and does not conduct average pricing calculations. It is the
policy of FORUM to place the clients’ interests above those of FORUM and its employees.
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Item 12: Brokerage Practices
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
A. Factors Used to Select Broker-Dealers for Client Transactions
Custodian Recommendations
FORUM may recommend that clients establish brokerage accounts with Fidelity, a FINRA
registered broker-dealer, member SIPC, to maintain custody of clients’ assets and to effect
trades for their accounts. Although FORUM may recommend that clients establish accounts at
the custodian, it is the client’s decision to custody assets with the custodian. FORUM is
independently owned and operated and not affiliated with custodian. For FORUM-managed
advisory accounts, the custodian generally does not charge separately for custody services but is
compensated by account holders through commissions and other transaction-related or asset-
based fees for securities trades that are executed through the custodian or that settle into
custodian accounts.
FORUM considers the financial strength, reputation, operational efficiency, cost, execution
capability, level of customer service, and related factors in recommending broker-dealers or
custodians to advisory clients.
In certain instances and subject to approval by FORUM, FORUM will recommend to clients
certain other broker-dealers and/or custodians based on the needs of the individual client, and
taking into consideration the nature of the services required, the experience of the broker-dealer
or custodian, the cost and quality of the services, and the reputation of the broker-dealer or
custodian. The final determination to engage a broker-dealer or custodian recommended by
FORUM will be made by and in the sole discretion of the client. The client recognizes that
broker-dealers and/or custodians have different cost and fee structures and trade execution
capabilities. As a result, there may be disparities with respect to the cost of services and/or the
transaction prices for securities transactions executed on behalf of the client. Clients are
responsible for assessing the commissions and other costs charged by broker-dealers and/or
custodians.
Soft Dollar Arrangements
FORUM does not utilize soft dollar arrangements. FORUM does not direct brokerage
transactions to executing brokers for research and brokerage services.
Institutional Trading and Custody Services
The custodian provides FORUM with access to its institutional trading and custody services,
which are typically not available to the custodian’s retail investors. These services generally are
available to independent investment advisors on an unsolicited basis, at no charge to them so
long as a certain minimum amount of the advisor’s clients’ assets are maintained in accounts
at a particular custodian. The custodian’s brokerage services include the execution of securities
transactions, custody, research, and access to mutual funds and other investments that are
otherwise generally available only to institutional investors or would require a significantly
higher minimum initial investment.
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Item 12: Brokerage Practices
Other Products and Services
Custodian also makes available to FORUM other products and services that benefit FORUM
but may not directly benefit its clients’ accounts. Many of these products and services may be
used to service all or some substantial number of FORUM's accounts, including accounts not
maintained at custodian. The custodian may also make available to FORUM software and
other technology that
▪ provide access to client account data (such as trade confirmations and account
statements)
▪
facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client
accounts
▪ provide research, pricing and other market data
▪
facilitate payment of FORUM’s fees from its clients’ accounts
▪ assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping and client reporting
The custodian may also offer other services intended to help FORUM manage and further
develop its business enterprise. These services may include
▪ compliance, legal and business consulting
▪ publications and conferences on practice management and business succession
▪ access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants and insurance
providers
The custodian may also provide other benefits such as educational events or occasional
business entertainment of FORUM personnel. In evaluating whether to recommend that clients
custody their assets at the custodian, FORUM may take into account the availability of some of
the foregoing products and services and other arrangements as part of the total mix of factors
it considers, and not solely the nature, cost or quality of custody and brokerage services
provided by the custodian, which creates a conflict of interest.
Independent Third Parties
The custodian may make available, arrange, and/or pay third-party vendors for the types of
services rendered to FORUM. The custodian may discount or waive fees it would otherwise
charge for some of these services or all or a part of the fees of a third party providing these
services to FORUM.
Additional Compensation Received from Custodians
FORUM may participate in institutional customer programs sponsored by broker-dealers or
custodians. FORUM may recommend these broker-dealers or custodians to clients for custody
and brokerage services. There is no direct link between FORUM’s participation in such
programs and the investment advice it gives to its clients, although FORUM receives economic
benefits through its participation in the programs that are typically not available to retail
investors. These benefits may include the following products and services (provided without
cost or at a discount):
▪ Receipt of duplicate client statements and confirmations
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Item 12: Brokerage Practices
▪ Research-related products and tools
▪ Consulting services
▪ Access to a trading desk serving FORUM participants
▪ Access to block trading (which provides the ability to aggregate securities transactions
for execution and then allocate the appropriate shares to client accounts)
▪ The ability to have advisory fees deducted directly from client accounts
▪ Access to an electronic communications network for client order entry and account
information
▪ Access to mutual funds with no transaction fees and to certain institutional money
managers
▪ Discounts on compliance, marketing, research, technology, and practice management
products or services provided to FORUM by third-party vendors
The custodian may also pay for business consulting and professional services received by
FORUM’s related persons, and may pay or reimburse expenses (including travel, lodging,
meals and entertainment expenses for FORUM’s personnel to attend conferences). Some of
the products and services made available by such custodian through its institutional customer
programs may benefit FORUM but may not benefit its client accounts. These products or
services may assist FORUM in managing and administering client accounts, including accounts
not maintained at the custodian as applicable. Other services made available through the
programs are intended to help FORUM manage and further develop its business enterprise.
The benefits received by FORUM or its personnel through participation in these programs do
not depend on the amount of brokerage transactions directed to the broker-dealer.
FORUM also participates in similar institutional advisor programs offered by other
independent broker-dealers or trust companies, and its continued participation may require
FORUM to maintain a predetermined level of assets at such firms. In connection with its
participation in such programs, FORUM will typically receive benefits similar to those listed
above, including research, payments for business consulting and professional services received
by FORUM’s related persons, and reimbursement of expenses (including travel, lodging, meals
and entertainment expenses for FORUM’s personnel to attend conferences sponsored by the
broker-dealer or trust company).
As part of its fiduciary duties to clients, FORUM endeavors at all times to put the interests of
its clients first. Clients should be aware, however, that the receipt of economic benefits by
FORUM or its related persons in and of itself creates a conflict of interest and indirectly
influences FORUM’s recommendation of broker-dealers such as Fidelity for custody and
brokerage services.
The Firm’s Interest in Custodian’s Services
The availability of these services from the custodian benefits the firm because the firm does
not have to produce or purchase them. The firm does not have to pay for the custodian’s
services so long as a certain minimum of client assets is kept in accounts at the custodian.
Custodian’s services give the firm an incentive to recommend that clients maintain their
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Item 12: Brokerage Practices
accounts with the custodian based on the firm’s interest in receiving the custodian’s services
that benefit the firm’s business rather than based on the client’s interest in receiving the best
value in custody services and the most favorable execution of client transactions. This is a
conflict of interest. The firm believes, however, that the selection of the custodian as custodian
and broker is in the best interest of clients. It is primarily supported by the scope, quality, and
price of the custodian’s services and not the custodian’s services that benefit only the firm.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
FORUM does not engage in the practice of directing brokerage commissions in exchange for
the referral of advisory clients.
Directed Brokerage
FORUM Recommendations
FORUM typically recommends Fidelity as custodian for clients’ funds and securities and to
execute securities transactions on its clients’ behalf.
Client-Directed Brokerage
Occasionally, clients may direct FORUM to use a particular broker-dealer to execute portfolio
transactions for their account or request that certain types of securities not be purchased for
their account. Clients who designate the use of a particular broker-dealer should be aware that
they will lose any possible advantage FORUM derives from aggregating transactions. Such
client trades are typically effected after the trades of clients who have not directed the use of a
particular broker-dealer. FORUM loses the ability to aggregate trades with other FORUM
advisory clients, potentially subjecting the client to inferior trade execution prices as well as
higher commissions.
B. Aggregating Securities Transactions for Client Accounts
Best Execution
FORUM may recommend that clients establish brokerage accounts with Fidelity, a FINRA-
registered broker-dealer, member SIPC, to maintain custody of clients’ assets and to effect
trades for their accounts. Such accounts will be prime broker eligible so that if and when the
need arises to effect securities transactions at broker-dealers ("executing brokers") other than
with the client’s current custodian, such custodian will accept delivery or deliver the applicable
security from/to the executing broker. Fidelity charges a “trade away” fee which is charged
against the client account for each trade away occurrence. Other custodians have their own
policies concerning prime broker accounts and trade away fees. Clients are directed to consult
their current custodian for their policies and fees.
FORUM, pursuant to the terms of its investment advisory agreement with clients, has
discretionary authority to determine which securities are to be bought and sold, the amount of
such securities, the executing broker, and the commission rates to be paid to effect such
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Item 12: Brokerage Practices
transactions. FORUM recognizes that the analysis of execution quality involves a number of
factors, both qualitative and quantitative. FORUM will follow a process in an attempt to ensure
that it is seeking to obtain the most favorable execution under the prevailing circumstances
when placing client orders. These factors include but are not limited to the following:
▪ The financial strength, reputation and stability of the broker
▪ The efficiency with which the transaction is effected
▪ The ability to effect prompt and reliable executions at favorable prices (including the
applicable dealer spread or commission, if any)
▪ The availability of the broker to stand ready to effect transactions of varying degrees of
difficulty in the future
▪ The efficiency of error resolution, clearance and settlement
▪ Block trading and positioning capabilities
▪ Performance measurement
▪ Online access to computerized data regarding customer accounts
▪ Availability, comprehensiveness, and frequency of brokerage and research services
▪ Commission rates
▪ The economic benefit to the client
▪ Related matters involved in the receipt of brokerage services
Consistent with its fiduciary responsibilities, FORUM seeks to ensure that clients receive best
execution with respect to clients’ transactions by blocking client trades to reduce commissions
and transaction costs. To the best of FORUM’s knowledge, these custodians provide high-quality
execution, and FORUM’s clients do not pay higher transaction costs in return for such execution.
Commission rates and securities transaction fees charged to effect such transactions are
established by the client’s independent custodian and/or broker-dealer. Based upon its own
knowledge of the securities industry, FORUM believes that such commission rates are
competitive within the securities industry. Lower commissions or better execution may be able
to be achieved elsewhere.
Page 31
Item 13: Review of Accounts
Item 13: Review of Accounts
A. Schedule for Periodic Review of Client Accounts or Financial Plans and
Advisory Persons Involved
For those clients to whom FORUM provides investment management services, FORUM
monitors those portfolios as part of an ongoing process while regular account reviews are
conducted on at least a semi-annual basis. Such reviews are conducted by one of FORUM’s
investment adviser representatives. All investment advisory clients are encouraged to discuss
their needs, goals, and objectives with FORUM and to keep FORUM informed of any changes
thereto. FORUM contacts ongoing investment advisory clients at least semi-annually to review
its previous services and/or recommendations and to discuss the impact resulting from any
changes in the client’s financial situation and/or investment objectives.
For limited financial planning and consulting engagements, clients receive their financial plans
and recommendations at the time service is completed. The firm will reach out to clients
annually to offer a review and update of their financial plan. Clients may also request a review of
their plan at any time. For ongoing financial planning engagements, reviews normally
correspond with the client’s periodic meeting schedule. This is often quarterly, but reviews occur
no less than annually.
B. Review of Client Accounts on Non-Periodic Basis
FORUM may perform ad hoc reviews on an as-needed basis if there have been material changes
in the client’s investment objectives or risk tolerance, or a material change in how FORUM
formulates investment advice.
C. Content of Client-Provided Reports and Frequency
Clients to whom FORUM provides investment advisory services will receive a report from
FORUM that may include such relevant account and/or market-related information such as an
inventory of account holdings and account performance on a quarterly basis. The client’s
independent custodian provides account statements directly to the client no less frequently than
quarterly. Clients should compare the account statements they receive from their custodian with
those they receive from FORUM. The custodian’s statement is the official record of the client’s
securities account and supersedes any statements or reports created on behalf of the client by
FORUM.
Those clients to whom FORUM provides financial planning and/or consulting services will
receive reports from FORUM summarizing its analysis and conclusions as requested by the
client or otherwise agreed to in writing by FORUM.
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Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation
A. Economic Benefits Provided to the Advisory Firm from External Sources
and Conflicts of Interest
Fidelity
FORUM receives an economic benefit from Fidelity in the form of the support products and
services it makes available to us and other independent investment advisors that have their
clients maintain accounts at Fidelity. These products and services, how they benefit us, and the
related conflicts of interest are described above in Item 12: Brokerage Practices. The availability
of Fidelity’s products and services to us is not based on our giving particular investment advice,
such as buying particular securities for our clients.
Expense Reimbursements
The firm may from time to time receive expense reimbursement for travel and/or marketing
expenses from distributors of investment and/or insurance products. Travel expense
reimbursements are typically a result of attendance at due diligence and/or investment training
events hosted by product sponsors. Marketing expense reimbursements are typically the result
of informal expense sharing arrangements in which product sponsors may underwrite costs
incurred for marketing, such as advertising, publishing, and seminar expenses. Although receipt
of these travel and marketing expense reimbursements are not predicated upon specific sales
quotas, the product sponsor reimbursements are typically made by those sponsors for whom
sales have been made or it is anticipated sales will be made. This creates a conflict of interest in
that there is an incentive to recommend certain products and investments based on the receipt
of this compensation instead of what is the in best interest of our clients. We attempt to control
for this conflict by always basing investment decisions on the individual needs of our clients.
B. Advisory Firm Payments for Client Referrals
The firm may enter into arrangements with promoters, endorsers, solicitors, or with clients for
testimonials (herein collectively referred to as “promoter”) who will promote the advisory firm
for compensation. Agreements are required when compensation to the promoter is equal to or
greater than $1,000. The receipt of such compensation creates a conflict of interest in that the
promoter is economically incented to promote our firm. Please be advised that the firm’s
payment of compensation to the promoter does not increase the client’s advisory fee paid to
the firm.
Employees of FORUM’s affiliate, FORUM Credit Union, may recommend to clients our firm’s
financial services and receive a referral fee. The receipt of such compensation creates a conflict
of interest in that FORUM Credit Union has an economic interest to recommend our firm. Please
be advised that the payment of a referral fee does not increase the client’s advisory fee paid to
the firm.
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Item 15: Custody
Item 15: Custody
FORUM is considered to have custody of client assets for purposes of the Advisers Act for the
following reasons:
▪ The client authorizes us to instruct their custodian to deduct our advisory fees directly
from the client’s account.
▪ Our authority to direct client requests, utilizing standing instructions, for wire transfer of
funds for first-party money movement and third-party money movement (checks and/or
journals, ACH, Fed-wires). The firm has elected to meet the SEC’s seven conditions to
avoid the surprise custody exam, as outlined below:
1. The client provides an instruction to the qualified custodian, in writing, that includes
the client’s signature, the third party’s name, and either the third party’s address or
the third party’s account number at a custodian to which the transfer should be
directed.
2. The client authorizes the investment adviser, in writing, either on the qualified
custodian’s form or separately, to direct transfers to the third party either on a
specified schedule or from time to time.
3. The client’s qualified custodian performs appropriate verification of the instruction,
such as a signature review or other method to verify the client’s authorization, and
provides a transfer of funds notice to the client promptly after each transfer.
4. The client has the ability to terminate or change the instruction to the client’s
qualified custodian.
5. The investment adviser has no authority or ability to designate or change the identity
of the third party, the address, or any other information about the third party
contained in the client’s instruction.
6. The client’s qualified custodian sends the client, in writing, an initial notice confirming
the instruction and an annual notice reconfirming the instruction.
7. The investment adviser maintains records showing that the third party is not a
related party of the investment adviser or located at the same address as the
investment adviser.
Individual advisory clients will receive at least quarterly account statements directly from their
custodian containing a description of all activity, cash balances, and portfolio holdings in their
accounts. FORUM urges its clients to compare the account balance(s) shown on their account
statements to the quarter-end balance(s) on their custodian's monthly statement. The
custodian’s statement is the official record of the account.
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Item 16: Investment Discretion
Item 16: Investment Discretion
Clients may grant a limited power of attorney to FORUM with respect to trading activity in their
accounts by signing the appropriate custodian limited power of attorney form. In those cases,
FORUM will exercise full discretion as to the nature and type of securities to be purchased and
sold, and the amount of securities for such transactions. Investment limitations may be
designated by the client as outlined in the investment advisory agreement.
In addition, subject to the terms of its investment advisory agreement, FORUM may be granted
discretionary authority for the retention of independent third-party sub-advisers. Under such
terms, the firm would also exercise discretion as to the executing broker to be used for securities
transactions and the amount of commissions to be paid. Please see the applicable third-party
sub-adviser’s disclosure brochure for detailed information relating to discretionary authority.
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Item 17: Voting Client Securities
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
FORUM does not take discretion with respect to voting proxies on behalf of its clients. All proxy
material will be forwarded to the client by the client’s custodian for the client’s review and action.
Clients may contact the firm with questions regarding proxies they have received.
Except as required by applicable law, FORUM will not be obligated to render advice or take any
action on behalf of clients with respect to assets presently or formerly held in their accounts that
become the subject of any legal proceedings, including bankruptcies.
From time to time, securities held in the accounts of clients will be the subject of class action
lawsuits. FORUM has no obligation to determine if securities held by the client are subject to a
pending or resolved class action lawsuit. FORUM also has no duty to evaluate a client’s eligibility
or to submit a claim to participate in the proceeds of a securities class action settlement or
verdict. Furthermore, FORUM has no obligation or responsibility to initiate litigation to recover
damages on behalf of clients who may have been injured as a result of actions, misconduct, or
negligence by corporate management of issuers whose securities are held by clients.
Where FORUM receives written or electronic notice of a class action lawsuit, settlement, or
verdict affecting securities owned by a client, it will forward all notices, proof of claim forms, and
other materials to the client. Electronic mail is acceptable where appropriate and where the
client has authorized contact in this manner.
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Item 18: Financial Information
Item 18: Financial Information
A. Balance Sheet
FORUM does not require the prepayment of fees of $1200 or more, six months or more in
advance, and as such is not required to file a balance sheet.
B. Financial Conditions Reasonably Likely to Impair Advisory Firm’s Ability
to Meet Commitments to Clients
FORUM does not have any financial issues that would impair its ability to provide services to
clients.
C. Bankruptcy Petitions During the Past Ten Years
There is nothing to report on this item.
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