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Alliance Financial
Firm Brochure - Form ADV Part 2A
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Fox Financial, Inc DBA
Alliance Financial. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at (610) 376-
5981 or by email at: kevin.m.fox@lpl.com. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by
the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about Alliance Financial is also available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Alliance Financial’s CRD number is: 319679.
1105 Berkshire Blvd., Ste 120
Wyomissing, PA 19610
(610) 376-5981
kevin.m.fox@lpl.com
https://www.alliancefinancialofpa.com/
Registration as an investment adviser does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Version Date: 08/13/2025
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Item 2: Material Changes
The material changes in this brochure from the last annual updating amendment of Alliance Financial
on March 8, 2025 are described below. Material changes relate to Alliance Financial’s policies, practices
or conflicts of interests.
• Alliance Financial will recommend Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. Advisor Services to serve as
broker-dealer/custodian for some client accounts. (Items 12 & 14)
• LPL Financial may have access to certain confidential information (e.g., financial information,
investment objectives, transactions and holdings) about AF’s clients in order to supervise certain
activities of AF, even if the client does not establish any account through LPL. (Item 10)
• LPL Financial is responsible for supervising certain activities of AF. LPL charges a fee of up to 10
basis points to AF for this oversight. This presents a conflict of interest in that AF has a financial
incentive to recommend that clients maintain accounts with LPL rather than another custodian
in order to avoid the oversight fee. (Item 14)
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Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 1: Cover Page
Item 2: Material Changes ....................................................................................................................................... ii
Item 3: Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... iii
Item 4: Advisory Business ......................................................................................................................................4
Item 5: Fees and Compensation .............................................................................................................................8
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ..................................................................12
Item 7: Types of Clients ........................................................................................................................................12
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, & Risk of Loss .............................................................13
Item 9: Disciplinary Information .........................................................................................................................18
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations .........................................................................18
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading ...............20
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ................................................................................................................................21
Item 13: Review of Accounts ................................................................................................................................22
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation ..........................................................................................23
Item 15: Custody ....................................................................................................................................................25
Item 16: Investment Discretion ............................................................................................................................25
Item 17: Voting Client Securities (Proxy Voting) ..............................................................................................25
Item 18: Financial Information .............................................................................................................................25
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Item 4: Advisory Business
A. Description of the Advisory Firm
Alliance Financial (hereinafter “AF”) is a corporation organized in the State of
Pennsylvania. The firm was formed in January 2013, and the principal owner is Kevin
Michael Fox.
B. Types of Advisory Services
Portfolio Management Services
AF offers ongoing portfolio management services based on the individual goals,
objectives, time horizon, and risk tolerance of each client. AF creates an Investment Policy
Statement for each client, which outlines the client’s current situation (income, tax levels,
and risk tolerance levels). Portfolio management services include, but are not limited to,
the following:
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Investment strategy •
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Asset allocation
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Risk tolerance
Personal investment policy
Asset selection
Regular portfolio monitoring
AF evaluates the current investments of each client with respect to their risk tolerance
levels and time horizon. AF will request discretionary authority from clients in order to
select securities and execute transactions without permission from the client prior to each
transaction. Risk tolerance levels are documented in the Investment Policy Statement,
which is completed with each client.
AF seeks to provide that investment decisions are made in accordance with the fiduciary
duties owed to its accounts and without consideration of AF’s economic, investment or
other financial interests. To meet its fiduciary obligations, AF attempts to avoid, among
other things, investment or trading practices that systematically advantage or
disadvantage certain client portfolios, and accordingly, AF’s policy is to seek fair and
equitable allocation of investment opportunities/transactions among its clients to avoid
favoring one client over another over time. It is AF’s policy to allocate investment
opportunities and transactions it identifies as being appropriate and prudent among its
clients on a fair and equitable basis over time.
AF may direct clients to third-party investment advisers to manage all or a portion of the
client's assets. Before selecting other advisers for clients, AF will always ensure those other
advisers are properly licensed or registered as an investment adviser. AF then makes
investments with a third-party investment adviser by referring the client to the third-party
adviser. These investments may be allocated either through the third-party adviser's fund
or through a separately managed account managed by such third party adviser on behalf
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of AF's client. AF may also allocate among one or more private equity funds or private
equity fund advisers. AF will not review the ongoing performance of the third-party
adviser as a portion of the client's portfolio.
Use of LPL Programs
AF provides advisory services through certain programs sponsored by LPL Financial LLC
("LPL"), a registered investment advisor and broker-dealer. AF has included a brief
description of each LPL advisory program that it intends to use. For more information
regarding the LPL programs, including more information on the advisory services and
fees that apply, the types of investments available in the programs and the potential
conflicts of interest presented by the programs, please see the program account packet
(which includes the account agreement and LPL Form ADV program brochure) and the
Form ADV, Part 2A of LPL or the applicable program.
AF expects to use the following LPL programs.
Optimum Market Portfolios Program (OMP)
OMP offers clients the ability to participate in a professionally managed asset allocation
program using Optimum Funds shares. Under OMP, client will authorize LPL on a
discretionary basis to purchase and sell Optimum Funds pursuant to investment
objectives chosen by the client. AF will assist the client in determining the suitability of
OMP for the client and assist the client in setting an appropriate investment objective. AF
will have discretion to select a mutual fund asset allocation portfolio designed by LPL
consistent with the client's investment objective. LPL will have discretion to purchase and
sell Optimum Funds pursuant to the portfolio selected for the client. LPL will also have
authority to rebalance the account.
A minimum account value of $10,000 is required for OMP. In certain instances, LPL will
permit a lower minimum account size.
Model Wealth Portfolios Program (MWP)
MWP offers clients a professionally managed mutual fund asset allocation program. AF
will obtain the necessary financial data from the client, assist the client in determining the
suitability of the MWP program and assist the client in setting an appropriate investment
objective. AF will initiate the steps necessary to open an MWP account and have discretion
to select a model portfolio designed by LPL's Research Department consistent with the
client's stated investment objective. LPL's Research Department, a third-party portfolio
strategist and/or AF, through its investment adviser representative, may act as a portfolio
strategist responsible for selecting the mutual funds or ETFs within a model portfolio and
for making changes to the mutual funds or ETFs selected.
The client will authorize LPL to act on a discretionary basis to purchase and sell mutual
funds and ETFs and to liquidate previously purchased securities. The client will also
authorize LPL to effect rebalancing for MWP accounts.
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MWP requires a minimum asset value for a program account to be managed. The
minimums vary depending on the portfolio(s) selected and the account's allocation
amongst portfolios. The lowest minimum for a portfolio is $25,000. In certain instances, a
lower minimum for a portfolio is permitted.
Guided Wealth Portfolios (GWP)
GWP offers clients the ability to participate in a centrally managed, algorithm-based
investment program, which is made available to users and clients through a web-based,
interactive account management portal (“Investor Portal”). Investment recommendations
to buy and sell exchange-traded funds and open-end mutual funds are generated through
proprietary, automated, computer algorithms (collectively, the “Algorithm”) of
FutureAdvisor, Inc. (“FutureAdvisor”), based upon model portfolios constructed by LPL
and selected for the account as described below (such model portfolio selected for the
account, the “Model Portfolio”). Communications concerning GWP are intended to occur
primarily through electronic means (including but not limited to, through email
communications or through the Investor Portal), although AF will be available to discuss
investment strategies, objectives or the account in general in person or via telephone.
A preview of the Program (the “Educational Tool”) is provided for a period of up to forty-
five (45) days to help users determine whether they would like to become advisory clients
and receive ongoing financial advice from LPL, FutureAdvisor and Alliance Financial,
LLC by enrolling in the advisory service (the “Managed Service”). The Educational Tool
and Managed Service are described in more detail in the GWP Program Brochure. Users
of the Educational Tool are not considered to be advisory clients of LPL, FutureAdvisor
or Alliance Financial, LLC, do not enter into an advisory agreement with LPL,
FutureAdvisor or Alliance Financial, LLC, do not receive ongoing investment advice or
supervisions of their assets, and do not receive any trading services.
A minimum account value of $5,000 is required to enroll in the Managed Service.
Pension Consulting Services
AF offers consulting services to pension or other employee benefit plans (including but
not limited to 401(k) plans). Pension consulting may include, but is not limited to:
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identifying investment objectives and restrictions
providing guidance on various assets classes and investment options
recommending money managers to manage plan assets in ways designed
to achieve objectives
monitoring performance of money managers and investment options and
making recommendations for changes
recommending other service providers, such as custodians, administrators
and broker-dealers
creating a written pension consulting plan
These services are based on the goals, objectives, demographics, time horizon, and/or risk
tolerance of the plan and its participants.
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Financial Planning
Financial plans and financial planning may include but are not limited to: investment
planning; life insurance; tax concerns; retirement planning; college planning; and
debt/credit planning.
Services Limited to Specific Types of Investments
AF generally limits its investment advice to mutual funds, fixed income securities, real
estate funds (including REITs), insurance products including annuities, equities, hedge
funds, private equity funds, ETFs (including ETFs in the gold and precious metal sectors),
treasury inflation protected/inflation linked bonds, commodities and non-U.S. securities.
AF may use other securities as well to help diversify a portfolio when applicable.
Written Acknowledgement of Fiduciary Status
When we provide investment advice to you regarding your retirement plan account or
individual retirement account, we are fiduciaries within the meaning of Title I of the
Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as
applicable, which are laws governing retirement accounts. The way we make money
creates some conflicts with your interests, so we operate under a special rule that
requires us to act in your best interest and not put our interest ahead of yours. Under
this special rule’s provisions, we must:
• Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations
(give prudent advice);
• Never put our financial interests ahead of yours when making recommendations
(give loyal advice);
• Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
• Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is in
your best interest;
• Charge no more than is reasonable for our services; and
• Give you basic information about conflicts of interest.
C. Client Tailored Services and Client Imposed Restrictions
AF offers the same suite of services to all of its clients. However, specific client investment
strategies and their implementation are dependent upon the client Investment Policy
Statement which outlines each client’s current situation (income, tax levels, and risk
tolerance levels). Clients may impose restrictions in investing in certain securities or types
of securities in accordance with their values or beliefs. However, if the restrictions prevent
AF from properly servicing the client account, or if the restrictions would require AF to
deviate from its standard suite of services, AF reserves the right to end the relationship.
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D. Wrap Fee Programs
AF acts as portfolio manager and sponsor of a wrap fee program, which is an investment
program where the client pays one stated fee that includes management fees, transaction
costs, and certain other administrative fees. However, this brochure describes AF’s non-
wrap fee advisory services; clients utilizing AF’s wrap fee portfolio management should
see AF’s separate Wrap Fee Program Brochure. AF manages the investments in the wrap
fee program, but does not manage those wrap fee accounts any differently than it would
manage non-wrap fee accounts. AF receives the advisory fee set forth in Item 5 below as
a management fee under the wrap fee program. Please also see Item 5 and Item 12 of this
brochure.
E. Assets Under Management
AF has the following assets under management:
Discretionary Amounts: Non-discretionary Amounts: Date Calculated:
$242,544,796.00
$12,204,876.00
December 2024
Item 5: Fees and Compensation
A. Fee Schedule
Portfolio Management Fees
Total Assets Under Management Annual Fees
$1 - $99,999
1.75%
$100,000 - $249,999
1.70%
$250,000 - $499,999
1.65%
$500,000 - $749,999
1.55%
$750,000 - $1,249,999
1.50%
$1,250,000 - $4,999,999
1.30%
$5,000,000 - AND UP
1.20%
The advisory fee is calculated using the value of the assets in the Account on the last
business day of the prior billing period.
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These fees are generally negotiable and the final fee schedule will be memorialized in the
client’s advisory agreement. Clients may terminate the agreement without penalty for a
full refund of AF's fees within five business days of signing the Investment Advisory
Contract. Thereafter, clients may terminate the Investment Advisory Contract
immediately upon written notice.
The LPL Programs referenced in Item 4 are subject to maximum fees, depending on which
program is used. The MWP account fee consists of LPL program fee, a strategist fee (if
applicable) and the AF advisory fee.
Selection of Other Advisers Fees
Clients will pay AF its standard fee on top of the fee paid to the third party adviser. This
relationship will be memorialized in each contract between AF and each third-party
adviser. The fees will not exceed any limit imposed by any regulatory agency.
The LPL Model Wealth Portfolios Program (MWP) account fee consists of the LPL
program fee, a strategist fee (if applicable) and the AF advisory fee. The AF advisory fee
is disclosed via the client’s advisory agreement. The MWP program fee and the strategist
fee (if applicable) are described in the LPL program account packet.
Pension Consulting Services Fees
Asset-Based Fees for Pension Consulting
Total Assets Under Management Annual Fee
$1 - $99,999
1.75%
$100,000 - $249,999
1.70%
$250,000 - $499,999
1.65%
$500,000 - $749,999
1.55%
$750,000 - $1,249,999
1.50%
$1,250,000 - $4,999,999
1.30%
$5,000,000 - AND UP
1.20%
Generally, the client authorizes the plan’s platform provider/recordkeeper to deduct
these fees from plan assets to pay AF. Fees are then calculated according to the frequency,
timing and method as determined by client’s agreement with the recordkeeper.
In some cases, these fees may be paid by the client instead of directly from plan assets as
described above. Therefore, fees will be billed by AF to the client, due upon receipt and
as elected within the pension consulting agreement. Any fees remaining unpaid after
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thirty (30) days from date of invoice will be due and payable immediately by the plan. If
fees are not paid after 60 days, the unpaid amount will be subject to a late charge of 1%
per month until paid, and AF may suspend the performance of services until it has been
paid in full, including any late charge.
These fees are generally negotiable and any party may terminate the pension consulting
agreement without charge or penalty upon thirty (30) days prior written notice to the
other party.
Financial Planning Fees
Fixed Fees
The negotiated fixed rate for creating client financial plans is between $250 and $10,000.
Hourly Fees
The negotiated hourly fee for these services is between $150 and $500.
Clients may terminate the agreement without penalty, for full refund of AF’s fees, within
five business days of signing the Financial Planning Agreement. Thereafter, clients may
terminate the Financial Planning Agreement generally upon written notice.
B. Payment of Fees
Payment of Portfolio Management Fees
Asset-based portfolio management fees are withdrawn directly from the client's accounts
with client's written authorization on a quarterly basis. Fees are paid in advance.
Payment of Pension Consulting Fees
Asset-based pension consulting fees are generally paid from plan assets but may be paid
by the client in some cases. When fees are paid from plan assets, fees are calculated and
paid according to the method determined by the client’s agreement with the recordkeeper.
When fees are paid by the client, fees are calculated and paid according to the method
determined by the client’s pension consulting agreement with AF.
Payment of Selection of Other Advisers Fees
The LPL Model Wealth Portfolios Program (MWP) account fee consists of the LPL
program fee, a strategist fee (if applicable) and the AF advisory fee. The AF advisory fee
is disclosed via the client’s advisory agreement. The MWP program fee and the strategist
fee (if applicable) are described in the LPL program account packet.
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Payment of Financial Planning Fees
Financial planning fees are paid via check or by ACH, debit card, or credit card using
AdvicePay.
Fixed financial planning fees are due in arrears upon completion.
Hourly financial planning fees are due in arrears upon completion.
C. Client Responsibility For Third Party Fees
This brochure describes AF’s non-wrap fee advisory services; clients utilizing AF’s wrap
fee portfolio management should see the separate Wrap Fee Program Brochure for
additional details regarding third party fees. Client accounts not participating in the wrap
fee program are responsible for the payment of all third party fees (i.e., custodian fees,
commissions, brokerage fees, mutual fund fees, transaction fees, etc.). Those fees are
separate and distinct from the fees and expenses charged by AF. Please see Item 12 of this
brochure regarding broker/custodian.
D. Prepayment of Fees
AF collects certain fees in advance and certain fees in arrears, as indicated above. Refunds
for fees paid in advance but not yet earned will be refunded on a prorated basis and
returned promptly to the client via check, return deposit back into the client’s account, or
another means as requested by the client.
For all asset-based fees paid in advance, the fee refunded will be equal to the balance of
the fees collected in advance minus the daily rate* times the number of days elapsed in
the billing period up to and including the day of termination. (*The daily rate is calculated
by dividing the annual asset-based fee rate by 360.)
E. Outside Compensation For the Sale of Securities to Clients
Kevin Michael Fox, Thomas Alan Drexler, Eric McFadden Mischler, Stephanie Lynn Baity
and Jacqueline Learned Powell are registered representatives of a broker-dealer. Kevin
Michael Fox, Thomas Alan Drexler, Eric McFadden Mischler, Stephanie Lynn Baity and
Jacqueline Learned Powell are also insurance agents. In these roles, they accept
compensation for the sale of investment products to AF clients.
1. This is a Conflict of Interest
Supervised persons may accept compensation for the sale of investment products,
including asset based sales charges or service fees from the sale of mutual funds to
AF's clients. This presents a conflict of interest and gives the supervised person an
incentive to recommend products based on the compensation received rather than on
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the client’s needs. When recommending the sale of investment products for which the
supervised persons receives compensation, AF will document the conflict of interest
in the client file and inform the client of the conflict of interest.
2. Clients Have the Option to Purchase Recommended Products From
Other Brokers
Clients always have the option to purchase AF recommended products through other
brokers or agents that are not affiliated with AF.
3. Commissions are not AF's primary source of compensation for advisory
services
Commissions are not AF’s primary source of compensation for advisory services.
4. Advisory Fees in Addition to Commissions or Markups
Advisory fees that are charged to clients are not reduced to offset the commissions or
markups on investment products recommended to clients.
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
AF does not accept performance-based fees or other fees based on a share of capital gains on or
capital appreciation of the assets of a client.
Item 7: Types of Clients
AF generally provides advisory services to the following types of clients:
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Individuals
High-Net-Worth Individuals
Pension and Profit Sharing Plans
Charitable Organizations
Corporations or Business Entities
AF does not impose an account minimum for any of AF’s services. However, LPL may impose
an account minimum depending on the specific LPL program chosen. Those minimums are
explained in Item 4 of this brochure.
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Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, & Risk of
Loss
A. Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
Methods of Analysis
AF’s methods of analysis include Charting analysis, Cyclical analysis, Fundamental
analysis, Modern portfolio theory, Quantitative analysis and Technical analysis.
Charting analysis involves the use of patterns in performance charts. AF uses this
technique to search for patterns used to help predict favorable conditions for buying
and/or selling a security.
Cyclical analysis involves the analysis of business cycles to find favorable conditions for
buying and/or selling a security.
Fundamental analysis involves the analysis of financial statements, the general financial
health of companies, and/or the analysis of management or competitive advantages.
Modern portfolio theory is a theory of investment that attempts to maximize portfolio
expected return for a given amount of portfolio risk, or equivalently minimize risk for a
given level of expected return, each by carefully choosing the proportions of various asset.
Quantitative analysis deals with measurable factors as distinguished from qualitative
considerations such as the character of management or the state of employee morale, such
as the value of assets, the cost of capital, historical projections of sales, and so on.
Technical analysis involves the analysis of past market data; primarily price and volume.
Investment Strategies
AF uses long term trading, short term trading, short sales, margin transactions and
options trading (including covered options, uncovered options, or spreading strategies).
Investing in securities involves a risk of loss that you, as a client, should be prepared
to bear.
B. Material Risks Involved
Methods of Analysis
Charting analysis strategy involves using and comparing various charts to predict long
and short term performance or market trends. The risk involved in using this method is
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that only past performance data is considered without using other methods to crosscheck
data. Using charting analysis without other methods of analysis would be making the
assumption that past performance will be indicative of future performance. This may not
be the case.
Cyclical analysis assumes that the markets react in cyclical patterns which, once
identified, can be leveraged to provide performance. The risks with this strategy are two-
fold: 1) the markets do not always repeat cyclical patterns; and 2) if too many investors
begin to implement this strategy, then it changes the very cycles these investors are trying
to exploit.
Fundamental analysis concentrates on factors that determine a company’s value and
expected future earnings. This strategy would normally encourage equity purchases in
stocks that are undervalued or priced below their perceived value. The risk assumed is
that the market will fail to reach expectations of perceived value.
Modern portfolio theory assumes that investors are risk averse, meaning that given two
portfolios that offer the same expected return, investors will prefer the less risky one.
Thus, an investor will take on increased risk only if compensated by higher expected
returns. Conversely, an investor who wants higher expected returns must accept more
risk. The exact trade-off will be the same for all investors, but different investors will
evaluate the trade-off differently based on individual risk aversion characteristics. The
implication is that a rational investor will not invest in a portfolio if a second portfolio
exists with a more favorable risk-expected return profile – i.e., if for that level of risk an
alternative portfolio exists which has better expected returns.
Quantitative analysis Investment strategies using quantitative models may perform
differently than expected as a result of, among other things, the factors used in the models,
the weight placed on each factor, changes from the factors’ historical trends, and technical
issues in the construction and implementation of the models.
Technical analysis attempts to predict a future stock price or direction based on market
trends. The assumption is that the market follows discernible patterns and if these
patterns can be identified then a prediction can be made. The risk is that markets do not
always follow patterns and relying solely on this method may not take into account new
patterns that emerge over time.
Investment Strategies
AF's use of short sales, margin transactions and options trading generally holds greater
risk, and clients should be aware that there is a material risk of loss using any of those
strategies.
Long term trading is designed to capture market rates of both return and risk. Due to its
nature, the long-term investment strategy can expose clients to various types of risk that
will typically surface at various intervals during the time the client owns the investments.
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These risks include but are not limited to inflation (purchasing power) risk, interest rate
risk, economic risk, market risk, and political/regulatory risk.
Margin transactions use leverage that is borrowed from a brokerage firm as collateral.
When losses occur, the value of the margin account may fall below the brokerage firm’s
threshold thereby triggering a margin call. This may force the account holder to either
allocate more funds to the account or sell assets on a shorter time frame than desired.
Options transactions involve a contract to purchase a security at a given price, not
necessarily at market value, depending on the market. This strategy includes the risk that
an option may expire out of the money resulting in minimal or no value, as well as the
possibility of leveraged loss of trading capital due to the leveraged nature of stock options.
Selection of Other Advisers: AF's selection process cannot ensure that money managers
will perform as desired and AF will have no control over the day-to-day operations of any
of its selected money managers. AF would not necessarily be aware of certain activities at
the underlying money manager level, including without limitation a money manager's
engaging in unreported risks, investment “style drift” or even regulatory breaches or
fraud.
Short sales entail the possibility of infinite loss. An increase in the applicable securities’
prices will result in a loss and, over time, the market has historically trended upward.
Short term trading risks include liquidity, economic stability, and inflation, in addition to
the long term trading risks listed above. Frequent trading can affect investment
performance, particularly through increased brokerage and other transaction costs and
taxes.
Investing in securities involves a risk of loss that you, as a client, should be prepared
to bear.
C. Risks of Specific Securities Utilized
AF's use of short sales, margin transactions and options trading generally holds greater
risk of capital loss. Clients should be aware that there is a material risk of loss using any
investment strategy. The investment types listed below (leaving aside Treasury Inflation
Protected/Inflation Linked Bonds) are not guaranteed or insured by the FDIC or any other
government agency.
Mutual Funds: Investing in mutual funds carries the risk of capital loss and thus you may
lose money investing in mutual funds. All mutual funds have costs that lower investment
returns. The funds can be of bond “fixed income” nature (lower risk) or stock “equity”
nature.
Equity investment generally refers to buying shares of stocks in return for receiving a
future payment of dividends and/or capital gains if the value of the stock increases. The
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value of equity securities may fluctuate in response to specific situations for each
company, industry conditions and the general economic environments.
Fixed income investments generally pay a return on a fixed schedule, though the amount
of the payments can vary. This type of investment can include corporate and government
debt securities, leveraged loans, high yield, and investment grade debt and structured
products, such as mortgage and other asset-backed securities, although individual bonds
may be the best known type of fixed income security. In general, the fixed income market
is volatile and fixed income securities carry interest rate risk. (As interest rates rise, bond
prices usually fall, and vice versa. This effect is usually more pronounced for longer-term
securities.) Fixed income securities also carry inflation risk, liquidity risk, call risk, and
credit and default risks for both issuers and counterparties. The risk of default on treasury
inflation protected/inflation linked bonds is dependent upon the U.S. Treasury defaulting
(extremely unlikely); however, they carry a potential risk of losing share price value, albeit
rather minimal. Risks of investing in foreign fixed income securities also include the
general risk of non-U.S. investing described below.
Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): An ETF is an investment fund traded on stock exchanges,
similar to stocks. Investing in ETFs carries the risk of capital loss (sometimes up to a 100%
loss in the case of a stock holding bankruptcy). Areas of concern include the lack of
transparency in products and increasing complexity, conflicts of interest and the
possibility of inadequate regulatory compliance. Risks in investing in ETFs include
trading risks, liquidity and shutdown risks, risks associated with a change in authorized
participants and non-participation of authorized participants, risks that trading price
differs from indicative net asset value (iNAV), or price fluctuation and disassociation from
the index being tracked. With regard to trading risks, regular trading adds cost to your
portfolio thus counteracting the low fees that one of the typical benefits of ETFs.
Additionally, regular trading to beneficially “time the market” is difficult to achieve. Even
paid fund managers struggle to do this every year, with the majority failing to beat the
relevant indexes. With regard to liquidity and shutdown risks, not all ETFs have the same
level of liquidity. Since ETFs are at least as liquid as their underlying assets, trading
conditions are more accurately reflected in implied liquidity rather than the average daily
volume of the ETF itself. Implied liquidity is a measure of what can potentially be traded
in ETFs based on its underlying assets. ETFs are subject to market volatility and the risks
of their underlying securities, which may include the risks associated with investing in
smaller companies, foreign securities, commodities, and fixed income investments (as
applicable). Foreign securities in particular are subject to interest rate, currency exchange
rate, economic, and political risks, all of which are magnified in emerging markets. ETFs
that target a small universe of securities, such as a specific region or market sector, are
generally subject to greater market volatility, as well as to the specific risks associated with
that sector, region, or other focus. ETFs that use derivatives, leverage, or complex
investment strategies are subject to additional risks. Precious Metal ETFs (e.g., Gold,
Silver, or Palladium Bullion backed “electronic shares” not physical metal) specifically
may be negatively impacted by several unique factors, among them (1) large sales by the
official sector which own a significant portion of aggregate world holdings in gold and
other precious metals, (2) a significant increase in hedging activities by producers of gold
or other precious metals, (3) a significant change in the attitude of speculators and
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investors. The return of an index ETF is usually different from that of the index it tracks
because of fees, expenses, and tracking error. An ETF may trade at a premium or discount
to its net asset value (NAV) (or indicative value in the case of exchange-traded notes). The
degree of liquidity can vary significantly from one ETF to another and losses may be
magnified if no liquid market exists for the ETF’s shares when attempting to sell them.
Each ETF has a unique risk profile, detailed in its prospectus, offering circular, or similar
material, which should be considered carefully when making investment decisions.
Real estate funds (including REITs) face several kinds of risk that are inherent in the real
estate sector, which historically has experienced significant fluctuations and cycles in
performance. Revenues and cash flows may be adversely affected by: changes in local real
estate market conditions due to changes in national or local economic conditions or
changes in local property market characteristics; competition from other properties
offering the same or similar services; changes in interest rates and in the state of the debt
and equity credit markets; the ongoing need for capital improvements; changes in real
estate tax rates and other operating expenses; adverse changes in governmental rules and
fiscal policies; adverse changes in zoning laws; the impact of present or future
environmental legislation and compliance with environmental laws.
Annuities are a retirement product for those who may have the ability to pay a premium
now and want to guarantee they receive certain monthly payments or a return on
investment later in the future. Annuities are contracts issued by a life insurance company
designed to meet requirement or other long-term goals. An annuity is not a life insurance
policy. Variable annuities are designed to be long-term investments, to meet retirement
and other long-range goals. Variable annuities are not suitable for meeting short-term
goals because substantial taxes and insurance company charges may apply if you
withdraw your money early. Variable annuities also involve investment risks, just as
mutual funds do.
Hedge funds often engage in leveraging and other speculative investment practices that
may increase the risk of loss; can be highly illiquid; are not required to provide periodic
pricing or valuation information to investors; May involve complex tax structures and
delays in distributing important tax information; are not subject to the same regulatory
requirements as mutual funds; and often charge high fees. In addition, hedge funds may
invest in risky securities and engage in risky strategies.
Private equity funds carry certain risks. Capital calls will be made on short notice, and
the failure to meet capital calls can result in significant adverse consequences, including
but not limited to a total loss of investment.
Commodities are tangible assets used to manufacture and produce goods or services.
Commodity prices are affected by different risk factors, such as disease, storage capacity,
supply, demand, delivery constraints and weather. Because of those risk factors, even a
well-diversified investment in commodities can be uncertain.
Options are contracts to purchase a security at a given price, risking that an option may
expire out of the money resulting in minimal or no value. An uncovered option is a type
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of options contract that is not backed by an offsetting position that would help mitigate
risk. The risk for a “naked” or uncovered put is not unlimited, whereas the potential loss
for an uncovered call option is limitless. Spread option positions entail buying and selling
multiple options on the same underlying security, but with different strike prices or
expiration dates, which helps limit the risk of other option trading strategies. Option
transactions also involve risks including but not limited to economic risk, market risk,
sector risk, idiosyncratic risk, political/regulatory risk, inflation (purchasing power) risk
and interest rate risk.
Non-U.S. securities present certain risks such as currency fluctuation, political and
economic change, social unrest, changes in government regulation, differences in
accounting and the lesser degree of accurate public information available.
Past performance is not indicative of future results. Investing in securities involves a
risk of loss that you, as a client, should be prepared to bear.
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
A. Criminal or Civil Actions
There are no criminal or civil actions to report.
B. Administrative Proceedings
There are no administrative proceedings to report.
C. Self-regulatory Organization (SRO) Proceedings
There are no self-regulatory organization proceedings to report.
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
A. Registration as a Broker/Dealer or Broker/Dealer Representative
As registered representatives of LPL Financial, Kevin Michael Fox, Thomas Alan Drexler,
Eric McFadden Mischler, Stephanie Lynn Baity and Jacqueline Learned Powell accept
compensation for the sale of securities. As a result of this relationship, LPL Financial may
have access to certain confidential information (e.g., financial information, investment
objectives, transactions and holdings) about AF’s clients in order to supervise certain
activities of AF, even if the client does not establish any account through LPL. If you
would like a copy of the LPL Financial privacy policy, please contact us at (610) 376-5981
or by email at: kevin.m.fox@lpl.com.
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B. Registration as a Futures Commission Merchant, Commodity
Pool Operator, or a Commodity Trading Advisor
Neither AF nor its representatives are registered as or have pending applications to
become either a Futures Commission Merchant, Commodity Pool Operator, or
Commodity Trading Advisor or an associated person of the foregoing entities.
C. Registration Relationships Material to this Advisory Business
and Possible Conflicts of Interests
Kevin Michael Fox, Thomas Alan Drexler, Eric McFadden Mischler, Stephanie Lynn Baity
and Jacqueline Learned Powell are registered representatives of LPL Financial and from
time to time, will offer clients advice or products from those activities. Clients should be
aware that these services pay a commission or other compensation and involve a conflict
of interest, as commissionable products conflict with the fiduciary duties of a registered
investment adviser. AF always acts in the best interest of the client, including with respect
to the sale of commissionable products to advisory clients. Clients are in no way required
to implement the plan through any representative of AF in such individual’s capacity as
a registered representative.
Kevin Michael Fox, Thomas Alan Drexler, Eric McFadden Mischler, Stephanie Lynn Baity
and Jacqueline Learned Powell are independent licensed insurance agents. This activity
creates a conflict of interest since there is an incentive to recommend insurance products
based on commissions or other benefits received from the insurance company, rather than
on the client’s needs. Additionally, the offer and sale of insurance products by supervised
persons of AF are not made in their capacity as a fiduciary, and products are limited to
only those offered by certain insurance providers. AF addresses this conflict of interest by
requiring its supervised persons to act in the best interest of the client at all times,
including when acting as an insurance agent. AF periodically reviews recommendations
by its supervised persons to assess whether they are based on an objective evaluation of
each client’s risk profile and investment objectives rather than on the receipt of any
commissions or other benefits. AF will disclose in advance how it or its supervised
persons are compensated and will disclose conflicts of interest involving any advice or
service provided. At no time will there be tying between business practices and/or
services (a condition where a client or prospective client would be required to accept one
product or service conditioned upon the selection of a second, distinctive tied product or
service). No client is ever under any obligation to purchase any insurance product.
Insurance products recommended by AF’s supervised persons may also be available from
other providers on more favorable terms, and clients can purchase insurance products
recommended through other unaffiliated insurance agencies.
Kevin Michael Fox acts as a pension consultant and from time to time, may offer clients
advice or products from those activities and clients should be aware that these services
may involve a conflict of interest. AF always acts in the best interest of the client and
clients are in no way required to utilize the services of any representative of AF in
connection with such individual’s activities outside of AF.
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D. Selection of Other Advisers or Managers and How This Adviser
is Compensated for Those Selections
AF may direct clients to third-party investment advisers to manage all or a portion of the
client's assets. Clients will pay AF its standard fee in addition to the standard fee for the
advisers to which it directs those clients. This relationship will be memorialized in each
contract between AF and each third-party advisor. The fees will not exceed any limit
imposed by any regulatory agency. AF will always act in the best interests of the client,
including when determining which third-party investment adviser to recommend to
clients. AF will ensure that all recommended advisers are licensed or notice filed in the
states in which AF is recommending them to clients.
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client
Transactions and Personal Trading
A. Code of Ethics
AF has a written Code of Ethics that covers the following areas: Prohibited Purchases and
Sales, Insider Trading, Personal Securities Transactions, Exempted Transactions,
Prohibited Activities, Conflicts of Interest, Gifts and Entertainment, Confidentiality,
Service on a Board of Directors, Compliance Procedures, Compliance with Laws and
Regulations, Procedures and Reporting, Certification of Compliance, Reporting
Violations, Compliance Officer Duties, Training and Education, Recordkeeping, Annual
Review, and Sanctions. AF's Code of Ethics is available free upon request to any client or
prospective client.
B. Recommendations Involving Material Financial Interests
AF does not recommend that clients buy or sell any security in which a related person to
AF or AF has a material financial interest.
C. Investing Personal Money in the Same Securities as Clients
From time to time, representatives of AF may buy or sell securities for themselves that
they also recommend to clients. This may provide an opportunity for representatives of
AF to buy or sell the same securities before or after recommending the same securities to
clients resulting in representatives profiting off the recommendations they provide to
clients. Such transactions may create a conflict of interest. AF will always document any
transactions that could be construed as conflicts of interest and will never engage in
trading that operates to the client’s disadvantage when similar securities are being bought
or sold.
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D. Trading Securities At/Around the Same Time as Clients’
Securities
From time to time, representatives of AF may buy or sell securities for themselves at or
around the same time as clients. This may provide an opportunity for representatives of
AF to buy or sell securities before or after recommending securities to clients resulting in
representatives profiting off the recommendations they provide to clients. Such
transactions may create a conflict of interest; however, AF will never engage in trading
that operates to the client’s disadvantage if representatives of AF buy or sell securities at
or around the same time as clients.
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
A. Factors Used to Select Custodians and/or Broker/Dealers
Custodians/broker-dealers will be recommended based on AF’s duty to seek “best
execution,” which is the obligation to seek execution of securities transactions for a client
on the most favorable terms for the client under the circumstances. Clients will not
necessarily pay the lowest commission or commission equivalent, and AF may also
consider the market expertise and research access provided by the broker-
dealer/custodian, including but not limited to access to written research, oral
communication with analysts, admittance to research conferences and other resources
provided by the brokers that may aid in AF's research efforts. AF will never charge a
premium or commission on transactions, beyond the actual cost imposed by the broker-
dealer/custodian.
AF will require clients to use LPL Financial and/or Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. Advisor
Services.
AF generally recommends the use of Ascensus and Aspire Financial for recordkeeping
and administration.
1. Research and Other Soft-Dollar Benefits
AF does not receive products or services other than execution (“soft dollar benefits”)
from a broker-dealer or third-party for generating commissions, but does receive
additional economic benefits described in Item 14.
2. Brokerage for Client Referrals
AF receives no referrals from a broker-dealer or third party in exchange for using that
broker-dealer or third party.
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3. Clients Directing Which Broker/Dealer/Custodian to Use
AF will require clients to use a specific broker-dealer to execute transactions. Not all
advisers require clients to use a particular broker-dealer.
B. Aggregating (Block) Trading for Multiple Client Accounts
If AF buys or sells the same securities on behalf of more than one client, then it may (but
would be under no obligation to) aggregate or bunch such securities in a single transaction
for multiple clients in order to seek more favorable prices, lower brokerage commissions,
or more efficient execution. In such case, AF would place an aggregate order with the
broker on behalf of all such clients in order to ensure fairness for all clients; provided,
however, that trades would be reviewed periodically to ensure that accounts are not
systematically disadvantaged by this policy. AF would determine the appropriate
number of shares and select the appropriate brokers consistent with its duty to seek best
execution, except for those accounts with specific brokerage direction (if any).
Item 13: Review of Accounts
A. Frequency and Nature of Periodic Reviews and Who Makes
Those Reviews
All client accounts for AF's advisory services provided on an ongoing basis are reviewed
at least annually by the investment adviser representative assigned to the account, with
regard to clients’ respective investment policies and risk tolerance levels. All accounts at
AF are assigned to this reviewer.
All financial planning accounts are reviewed upon financial plan creation and plan
delivery by the investment adviser representative assigned to the account. Financial
planning clients are provided a one-time financial plan concerning their financial
situation. After the presentation of the plan, there are no further reports. Clients may
request additional plans or reports for a fee.
B. Factors That Will Trigger a Non-Periodic Review of Client
Accounts
Reviews may be triggered by material market, economic or political events, or by changes
in client's financial situations (such as retirement, termination of employment, physical
move, or inheritance).
With respect to financial plans, AF’s services will generally conclude upon delivery of the
financial plan.
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C. Content and Frequency of Regular Reports Provided to Clients
Each client of AF's advisory services provided on an ongoing basis will receive at least
quarterly a written report that details the client’s account including assets held and asset
value, which report will come from the custodian.
Each financial planning client will receive the financial plan upon completion.
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation
A. Economic Benefits Provided by Third Parties for Advice
Rendered to Clients (Includes Sales Awards or Other Prizes)
LPL Financial
AF receives without cost from LPL Financial administrative support, computer software,
related systems support, as well as other third-party support which allows AF to better
monitor client accounts maintained at LPL Financial and otherwise conduct its business.
While these services generally help AF conduct its advisory business, each specific benefit
may not necessarily benefit each client. These benefits include conferences, seminars and
other educational and networking activities.
AF considers LPL Financial’s market expertise and research access, including but not
limited to access to written research, oral communication with analysts, admittance to
research conferences and other resources when recommending or requiring that clients
maintain accounts with LPL Financial. However, clients should be aware of this conflict
and take it into consideration in making a decision whether to custody their assets in a
Financial.
brokerage
account
at
LPL
AF and/or its Dually Registered Persons are incented to join and remain affiliated with
LPL Financial and to recommend that clients establish accounts with LPL Financial. LPL
also provides other compensation to AF and its Dually Registered Persons, including but
not limited to, bonus payments, repayable and forgivable loans, stock awards and other
benefits.
The receipt of any such compensation creates a financial incentive for your representative
to recommend LPL Financial as custodian for the assets in your advisory account. We
encourage you to discuss any such conflicts of interest with your representative before
making a decision to custody your assets at LPL Financial.
As stated previously, individuals associated with AF are licensed as registered
representatives of LPL Financial. As a result of this licensing relationship, LPL Financial
is responsible for supervising certain activities of AF to the extent AF manages assets at a
broker/dealer and custodian other than LPL Financial. LPL Financial charges a fee of up
to 10 basis points to AF for this oversight. This presents a conflict of interest in that AF has
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a financial incentive to recommend that you maintain your account with LPL Financial
rather than another custodian in order to avoid the oversight fee. However, to the extent
AF recommends you use LPL Financial for such services, it is because AF believes that it
is in your best interest to do so based on the quality and pricing of the execution, benefits
of an integrated platform for brokerage and advisory accounts, and other services
provided by LPL Financial.
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. Advisor Services (“Schwab”)
Schwab provides AF with access to Schwab’s institutional trading and custody services,
which are typically not available to Schwab retail investors. These services generally are
available to independent investment advisers on an unsolicited basis, at no charge to them
so long as a total of at least $10 million of the adviser’s clients’ assets are maintained in
accounts at Schwab. Schwab includes brokerage services that are related to the execution
of securities transactions, custody, research, including that in the form of advice, analyses
and reports, and access to mutual funds and other investments that are otherwise
generally available only to institutional investors or would require a significantly higher
minimum initial investment. For AF client accounts maintained in its custody, Schwab
generally does not charge separately for custody services but is compensated by account
holders through commissions or other transaction-related or asset-based fees for securities
trades that are executed through Schwab or that settle into Schwab accounts.
Schwab also makes available to AF other products and services that benefit AF but may
not benefit its clients’ accounts. These benefits may include national, regional or AF
specific educational events organized and/or sponsored by Schwab. Other potential
benefits may include occasional business entertainment of personnel of AF by Schwab
personnel, including meals, invitations to sporting events, including golf tournaments,
and other forms of entertainment, some of which may accompany educational
opportunities. Other of these products and services assist AF in managing and
administering clients’ accounts. These include software and other technology (and related
technological training) that provide access to client account data (such as trade
confirmations and account statements), facilitate trade execution (and allocation of
aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts, if applicable), provide research,
pricing information and other market data, facilitate payment of AF’s fees from its clients’
accounts (if applicable), and assist with back-office training and support functions,
recordkeeping and client reporting. Many of these services generally may be used to
service all or some substantial number of AF’s accounts. Schwab also makes available to
AF other services intended to help AF manage and further develop its business enterprise.
These services may include business consulting, publications and conferences on practice
management, information technology, business succession, insurance and marketing. In
addition, Schwab may make available, arrange and/or pay vendors for these types of
services rendered to AF by independent third parties. Schwab may discount or waive fees
it would otherwise charge for some of these services or pay all or a part of the fees of a
third-party providing these services to AF. AF is independently owned and operated and
not affiliated with Schwab.
Ascensus and Aspire
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Through relationships with Ascensus and Aspire, AF is provided (i) access to client
account data such as trade confirmations and statements, (ii) back-office functionality,
recordkeeping, and client reporting, (iii) pricing and other market data, and (iv)
facilitation of fee payment from client accounts. These services present a conflict of
interest, in that AF does not have to perform them or otherwise pay for them to be
performed. AF is therefore incentivized to continue its relationship with Ascensus and
Aspire. We resolve this conflict by disclosing it in this document.
B. Compensation to Non – Advisory Personnel for Client Referrals
AF does not compensate non-advisory personnel (solicitors/promoters) for client
referrals.
Item 15: Custody
When advisory fees are deducted directly from client accounts at client's custodian, AF will be
deemed to have limited custody of client's assets and must have written authorization from the
client to do so. Clients will receive all account statements and billing invoices that are required in
each jurisdiction, and they should carefully review those statements for accuracy.
Item 16: Investment Discretion
AF provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to clients. The
advisory contract established with each client sets forth the discretionary authority for trading.
Where investment discretion has been granted, AF generally manages the client’s account and
makes investment decisions without consultation with the client as to when the securities are to
be bought or sold for the account, the total amount of the securities to be bought/sold, what
securities to buy or sell, or the price per share.
Item 17: Voting Client Securities (Proxy Voting)
AF will not ask for, nor accept voting authority for client securities. Clients will receive proxies
directly from the issuer of the security or the custodian. Clients should direct all proxy questions
to the issuer of the security.
Item 18: Financial Information
A. Balance Sheet
AF neither requires nor solicits prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six
months or more in advance, and therefore is not required to include a balance sheet with
this brochure.
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B. Financial Conditions Reasonably Likely to Impair Ability to
Meet Contractual Commitments to Clients
Neither AF nor its management has any financial condition that is likely to reasonably
impair AF’s ability to meet contractual commitments to clients.
C. Bankruptcy Petitions in Previous Ten Years
AF has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition in the last ten years.
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