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October 30, 2025
ADV Brochure – Part 2A
You may contact us at:
50 East Loucks Street, Suite 201
Sheridan, Wyoming 82801
(307) 673-5675
info@frontierasset.com
You may visit our web site at:
www.frontierasset.com
This brochure contains information about the investment processes and business practices of Frontier
Asset Management, LLC (“Frontier”) as well as information about the backgrounds and qualifications of
Frontier’s personnel. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at
(307) 673-5675 or info@frontierasset.com.
The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and
Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority. Frontier is registered as an investment adviser
with the SEC; however, such registration does not imply a certain level of skill or training and no inference to
the contrary should be made.
Additional information about Frontier is also available at www.advisorinfo.sec.gov.
50 East Loucks Street, Suite 201, Sheridan, Wyoming 82801
307-673-5675 www.frontierasset.com
Item 2: Summary of Material Changes
Since the last update of this document, which was dated February 20, 2025, there have been the following
material changes to this Form ADV Part 2A and 2B:
1. Frontier Asset Management, LLC (“Frontier) listed its first actively managed exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”)
on December 20, 2024 and added the ETFs to the Frontier Active ETF Strategies on or around that date.
Investment management fees do not include fees associated with Frontier Funds or any other funds within the
strategies.
2. Effective October 1, 2025, Elevate Wealth Management, LLC (“Elevate”) was split off from Frontier Asset
Management, LLC (“Frontier”). While Elevate and Frontier are now operating as separate registered
investment advisors, the ownership group of both firms remains the same. This change does not alter the
services Frontier provides to its clients, nor does it impact the management or control of Frontier. Elevate is
considered an affiliate of Frontier as both entities are under common ownership and control.
Pursuant to federal regulations, Frontier will ensure that clients receive a summary of any material changes to
this Brochure within 120 days of the close of the firm’s fiscal year, along with a copy of this brochure or an offer
to provide a copy of the brochure. Frontier’s brochure is available anytime upon request or at the SEC’s website
at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
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Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 1: Cover Page ........................................................................................................................................ 1
Item 2: Summary of Material Changes .......................................................................................................... 2
Item 3: Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................. 3
Item 4: Advisory Business .............................................................................................................................. 4
Item 5: Fees and Compensation .................................................................................................................... 9
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees................................................................................................................. 14
Item 7: Types of Clients ............................................................................................................................... 14
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ......................................................... 14
Item 9: Disciplinary Information .................................................................................................................. 20
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ....................................................................... 20
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Conflicts of Interest and Personal Trading ........................................................... 21
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ....................................................................................................................... 22
Item 13: Review of Accounts ....................................................................................................................... 24
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation .................................................................................... 24
Item 15: Custody ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Item 16: Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................... 26
Item 17: Voting Client Securities ................................................................................................................. 27
Item 18: Financial Information .................................................................................................................... 27
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Item 4: Advisory Business
This Disclosure document is being offered to you by Frontier Asset Management, LLC (“Frontier” or
“Firm”) about the investment advisory services we provide. It discloses information about our services
and the way those services are made available to you, the client.
Our Firm became an investment adviser registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission in
August 2000 and is privately owned by principal owner Gary Miller, CFA, other employees and employee
family members. We are committed to helping clients build, manage and preserve their wealth. Our Firm
provides services that seek to help clients to achieve their stated financial goals.
Investment and Wealth Management Services:
We provide fee-based investment advisory services to retail investors, high net worth individuals, trusts,
charitable organizations, endowments, retirement plans, and other individual and institutional investors.
We are also retained to manage investment models and client accounts, either as a sub-advisor, joint-
advisor, or on a model provider basis, by a variety of third parties who are unaffiliated with us. Our firm
engages in no business activities other than fee- based investment advisory, financial planning, and
model provider services.
We manage advisory accounts on a discretionary and non-discretionary basis. For discretionary
accounts, once the appropriate strategy has been determined for the client, we will execute the day-to-
day transactions without seeking prior client consent but within the expected investment guidelines. We
may accept accounts with certain restrictions, if circumstances warrant. Our investment strategies
primarily use mutual funds, exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) and exchange traded notes (“ETNs"). We
generally invest clients’ cash balances in money market funds. In most cases, at least a partial cash
balance will be maintained in a money market account so that our firm may debit advisory fees for our
services.
We do not customize or tailor portfolios to individual client needs. Client assets are positioned in one of
our investment strategies based on their financial objectives. Likewise, we are not able to accommodate
clients to impose restrictions on investing in certain securities or types of securities.
During personal discussions with clients, we or our joint advisor / sub-advisor partners determine the
client’s objectives, time horizons, risk tolerance, and liquidity needs. As appropriate, we also review a
client’s prior investment history, as well as family composition and background. We or our joint advisor
partner select what we feel is the appropriate investment strategy and Frontier manages the client’s
investments based on those objectives. We provide ongoing investment review and management
services. It is the client’s obligation to notify us or their joint advisor / sub-advisor immediately if
circumstances have changed with respect to their goals.
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In all cases, clients have a direct and beneficial interest in their securities, rather than an undivided
interest in a pool of securities. We do have limited authority to direct the Custodian to deduct our
investment advisory fees from an account(s), but only with the appropriate written authorization from
clients.
Clients are advised and are expected to understand that our past performance is not a guarantee of
future results. Certain market and economic risks exist that adversely affect an account’s performance.
This could result in capital losses in an account.
Use of Alternative Investments: Alternative investments include access to private, illiquid markets as well
as different ways of investing in publicly traded stocks, bonds, commodities, and currencies. Alternative
strategies can employ shorting, leverage, and a greater degree of derivatives utilization to gain exposure
to individual securities or asset classes. Frontier can utilize liquid alternatives within our strategies.
Meaning, alternative investments that are packaged in publicly traded mutual fund and ETF vehicles.
Tax Management Services:
Taxable accounts receive certain services based on the account size. In general, we analyze the tax-
sensitivity of the funds we use. A taxable portfolio will look different than a non-taxable portfolio,
depending on the tax-sensitivity of the funds. We attempt to shift taxable accounts into asset classes
that may be more tax efficient. We seek to limit short-term gains. For accounts valued at over $250,000
we look for tax-loss harvesting opportunities throughout the year, and we monitor capital gains
distributions.
Tax management services are limited through model provider relationships where Frontier does not
have discretion over account management. Tax management is also not offered for the Active ETF
Strategies.
Please note that the Tax Management Services described above are not intended to, and do not,
constitute tax advice. Frontier does not provide tax advice. Clients should consult their own tax adviser
to discuss their own particular circumstances, objectives and risk tolerance before investing in our Tax
Managed Strategies or utilizing Tax Management services.
Discretionary Accounts – Joint Advisory:
We enter into an investment advisory agreement with the client and the client’s financial advisor. Both Frontier
and the client’s financial advisor serve as fiduciaries to the client under this agreement, which means they are
required to put the client’s interests before their own.
Frontier’s primary responsibility is to manage the client’s assets on a discretionary basis. This means that
Frontier initiates transactions in the client’s account without prior approval. Frontier initiates these transactions
directly through the independent custodian that holds the client’s assets.
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Every quarter we make performance reports available to help clients and their financial advisors assess
the value of our services and measure progress toward their goals. We make every effort to be
transparent with our clients and encourage them to compare the performance reports to the custodial
statement that they receive.
The performance of an investment strategy may be compared to that of a benchmark (e.g., a market
index that tracks how a particular segment of the market is performing, like the S&P 500). Frontier uses
a blended benchmark that is comprised of a number of different indices. The performance of a
benchmark may not reflect the deduction of the fees paid, which would reduce returns. The choice of
an appropriate benchmark is important in evaluating performance because it is important to compare
apples to apples. It is generally not possible to invest directly in an index.
Frontier also offers billing services for its discretionary accounts. Through this service, Frontier
automatically collects its fee and the advisor’s fee directly from the client’s account and distributes the
advisor’s portion to the RIA or B/D. Please see the Fees and Compensation and Custody sections for
additional information.
In that role, the advisor
The client’s financial advisor serves as the client’s investment advisor and consultant.
provides services such as:
interacting directly with Frontier on client’s behalf
• helping the client identify long-term goals and investment objectives
• developing an investment strategy to achieve those goals and objectives
• determining the ongoing suitability of Frontier’s services for the client
• helping the client assess the performance of the client’s account
•
The financial advisor may provide other services to the client as agreed between the advisor and the
client.
Model Provider Investment Strategies:
Frontier provides model investment strategies to investment advisory firms, through a third-party portfolio
platform. We do not enter direct relationships with, or serve as fiduciaries to, these clients. Instead, we serve
as a strategist to the firms that offer our model investment strategies and are paid a fee by them (except for our
Active ETF Strategies). We refer to these relationships as Platform relationships. Frontier also participates
in model programs, sometimes referred to as UMA programs, where we furnish investment advice and
recommendations by delivering a model securities portfolio to, as directed by, the model program manager.
As a strategist, Frontier provides ongoing monitoring and supervision of the strategies and periodically
recommends purchase and sale transactions with respect to the management of the model investment
strategies by adjusting positions on the online Platform portal / console. The firms that offer our models are
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solely responsible for implementing all trading activity that Frontier recommends. The firms are obligated to
employ our recommendations. They are also responsible for providing all administrative and performance
reporting services to their clients. On occasion, these models can hold slightly different funds than Frontier’s
direct advisory accounts due to custodial relationship constraints with Fund Companies that are outside of
our control. Frontier has the ability to obtain waivers in some cases and makes every effort to obtain access to
restricted funds. Because of this fact the performance between our standard direct models and our platform
models can and will differ.
Consulting Services:
Frontier provides investment consulting services to financial advisors and institutional clients. Our
consulting services include guidance relating to a broad range of investment issues such as asset allocation,
manager selection, investment strategy design and construction, performance measurement and development
of investment policy statements.
Sub-Advisor Services:
Frontier provides sub-advisor services to Investment Advisors. In these arrangements, Frontier oversees
investment strategies on a discretionary basis for clients of the Advisor. Both parties act as fiduciaries in the
relationship. Investment strategies are managed and monitored by Frontier on an ongoing basis. The
Advisor is responsible for the administrative paperwork, servicing the accounts and account maintenance.
Frontier offers the investment advisor access to our Tamarac Advisor Portal to enable performance reporting.
Retirement Plan Services:
For employer-sponsored retirement plans with participant-directed investments, our firm provides its advisory
services as an investment adviser as defined under Section 3(38) of the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”).
When servicing as in a 3(38) fiduciary capacity, our Firm is granted full trading authority over the Plan and
has the responsibility for the selection and monitoring of all investment options offered under the Plan in
accordance with the investment policy statement and its underlying investment objectives and strategies
for the Plan. Plan participants have the ability to exercise control over the investment selection from the
plans line up of investments, and we have no authority or discretion to direct the investment of assets of
any participant’s account under the Plan.
Disclosure Regarding Rollover Recommendations:
We are fiduciaries under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Act”) and when we provide investment
advice regarding a retirement plan account or individual retirement account, we are also fiduciaries within
the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code,
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as applicable, which are laws governing retirement accounts. We have to act in the investor’s best interest
and not put our interest ahead of theirs. At the same time, the way we make money creates some conflict
with their interest.
A client or prospect leaving an employer typically has four options regarding an existing retirement plan
(and may engage in a combination of these options): (i) leave the money in the former employer’s plan, if
permitted, (ii) roll over the assets to the new employer’s plan, if one is available and rollovers are permitted,
(iii) rollover to an Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”), or (iv) cash out the account value (which could,
depending upon the client’s age, result in adverse tax consequences). Our Firm may recommend an investor
roll over plan assets to an IRA for which our Firm provides investment advisory services. As a result, our
Firm and its representatives may earn an asset-based fee. In contrast, a recommendation that a client or
prospective client leave their plan assets with their previous employer or roll over the assets to a plan sponsored
by a new employer will generally result in no compensation to our Firm. Our Firm therefore has an economic
incentive to encourage a client to roll plan assets into an IRA that our Firm will manage, which presents a
conflict of interest. To mitigate the conflict of interest, there are various factors that our Firm will consider
before recommending a rollover, including but not limited to: (i) the investment options available in the plan
versus the investment options available in an IRA, (ii) fees and expenses in the plan versus the fees and expenses
in an IRA, (iii) the services and responsiveness of the plan’s investment professionals versus those of our Firm,
(iv) protection of assets from creditors and legal judgments, (v) required minimum distributions and age
considerations, and (vi) employer stock tax consequences, if any. Our Firm’s Chief Compliance Officer
remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client has regarding the oversight.
Wrap Fee Program:
Our Firm does not sponsor a Wrap Fee Program.
Assets:
Frontier Asset Management offers asset-class allocation and investment management services through
independent Registered Investment Advisers, Model Investment Strategy Providers and Subadvisors and their
respective clients. Collectively, clients of Independent Registered Investment Advisors, clients of Model
Investment Strategy Providers and clients of Subadvisors are referred to as Client(s). As of December 31, 2024,
Frontier oversaw total assets of $5,345,412,024 for Clients.
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Discretionary Assets are those accounts where Frontier has direct authority over an account and provides
continuous and ongoing management of the account. Some Client accounts are administered on a Non-
Discretionary basis where Frontier provides ongoing management of the account but does not have direct
authority to affect the individual account. These relationships are managed under a Model Provider
Investment Strategy relationship.
$1,368,673,612
$3,976,738,412
Discretionary
Non-Discretionary
Total
$5,345,412,024
Item 5: Fees and Compensation
Discretionary Accounts – Joint Advisory – Investment Strategies. Our maximum annual fees for managing
strategies on a discretionary basis for the clients of financial advisors are:
Account Value
The first $500,000
Over $500,000 up to $1,000,000
Investment Management
0.50%
0.30%
0.25%
Over $1,000,000 up to $5,000,000
Above $5,000,000
0.20%
The maximum annual advisory fee a joint advisor may charge is 1.50%. The maximum combined fee for clients
cannot exceed 2%.
The minimum account size is $100,000 and can be waived at Frontier’s discretion.
Taxable accounts that opt for tax management will be invested in a Tax-Managed strategy. These
strategies are designed using after-tax return expectations which may result in a reduction to asset classes
that generate taxable income. For advisory accounts with assets over $250,000, we offer additional tax
management services at no extra cost. These include ongoing tax-loss harvesting, capital gains distribution
monitoring, tax lot trading and comprehensive tax impact analysis. The primary objective is to minimize after-
tax returns on taxable investment accounts.
Clients should consult their own tax adviser to discuss their own particular circumstances, objectives and
risk tolerance before investing in our Tax-Managed Strategies or utilizing Tax Management services.
Frontier offers a “householding” fee agreement for clients that have more than one advisory discretionary
strategy account with Frontier under the same household (same physical address). In calculating the fees for
household accounts the assets in all accounts will be combined to determine the total fee then it will be
allocated proportionately to each account.
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For discretionary and advisory investment management relationships, Frontier generally requires payment in
advance at the beginning of each calendar quarter. Through the investment advisory agreement, clients
provide Frontier with authority to invoice the client’s custodian directly for payment of our management fees.
We notify the client’s qualified custodian of the fee amount for each account shortly after the beginning of each
quarter, based on the value of the account on the last day of the preceding quarter. The custodian debits the
fees from the client’s account(s) and deposits the funds into a designated fee account that Frontier maintains at
the custodian. Frontier then distributes the proportional fees to the Advisor and Frontier. Frontier itself
does not hold custody of the client’s funds in line with section 206(4)-2 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
Discretionary Accounts – Joint Advisory – Active ETF Strategies. Our maximum annual fees for managing Active
ETF Strategies on a discretionary basis for the clients of financial advisors are:
Account Value
The first $500,000
Over $500,000 up to $1,000,000
Over $1,000,000 up to $5,000,000
Above $5,000,000
Investment Management
0.25%
0.15%
0.125%
0.10%
The maximum annual fee a joint advisor may charge is 1.50%.
The minimum account size is $20,000 and can be waived at Frontier’s discretion. We do not offer tax
management for our Active ETF Strategies.
The financial advisors that provide investment advisory and consulting services to clients charge a fee for their
services. That fee is established solely by the financial advisor and usually is set forth separately in the
investment advisory agreement among Frontier, the advisor and the client.
Typically, Frontier collects both its fee and the financial advisor’s fee from the client’s account and distributes
the advisor’s fee to the advisor.
Model Provider Investment Strategies.
Since the level of investment management effort and day-to-day operational activity is typically less for model-
based relationships than for discretionary relationships, the fees for model-based relationships are usually
lower than those for discretionary relationships. The maximum annual fees for model-based relationships are
0.40% of assets under management. The fees are based on account size so there is no set minimum or
maximum fee.
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Consulting Services.
The annual fees charged in connection with consulting relationships vary depending upon the number of
models provided, the amount of effort required to create the models, the size and nature of the relationship
and the level of service required. Frontier’s fees for consulting services also can be charged on a fixed fee or
hourly basis and vary depending upon the nature and scope of the relationship. For example, Registered
Investment Advisor Consulting clients are typically charged a flat fee based on the services provided. These
can include, but are not limited to, asset allocations for model strategies and other proprietary research
related services. Fees are determined on a case-by-case basis.
Sub-Advisor Services. Frontier’s maximum annual fees for sub-advisor relationships are:
Account Value
First $20M
Next $30M up to $50M
Over $50M
Investment Management
0.50%
0.35%
0.30%
Sub-Advisor fees are based on assets under management of the sub-advisor client. Minimums are negotiable
and determined at the discretion of Frontier.
Frontier will not charge a fee when using Active ETF Strategies within a sub-advisor relationship.
However, the Active ETF accounts will be included in the AUM used to determine the breakpoints for
the subadvisor's investment management fee.
Retirement Planning Services.
For Retirement Plan Advisory Services compensation, we charge an advisory fee as negotiated with the Plan
Sponsor and as disclosed in the Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans Consulting Agreement (“Plan Sponsor
Agreement”). Our maximum advisory fees do not exceed 0.50% annually.
Typically, the billing period for these fees is paid quarterly. This fee is generally negotiable, but terms and
advisory fee is agreed to in advance and acknowledged by the Plan Sponsor through the Plan Sponsor
Agreement and/or Plan Provider’s account agreement. Fee billing methods vary depending on the Plan
Provider.
Termination may vary depending on the Plan Provider and Agreement.
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Additional Information About Our Fees
For discretionary and advisory investment management relationships, Frontier generally requires payment
in advance at the beginning of each calendar quarter. Through the investment advisory agreement, clients
provide Frontier with authority to invoice the client’s custodian directly for payment of our management
fees. We notify the client’s qualified custodian of the fee amount for each account shortly after the beginning
of each quarter, based on the value of the account on the last day of the preceding quarter. The custodian
debits the fees from the client’s account(s) and deposits the funds into a designated fee account that Frontier
maintains at the custodian. Frontier then distributes the proportional fees to the Advisor and Frontier. Sub-
advisory and Consulting fees are invoiced on a quarterly basis per the advisory agreement.
Clients will receive a periodic (at least quarterly) account statement from the custodian, reflecting among other
things, any fees withdrawn by the custodian and paid to Frontier. Clients are urged to review statements
received by their custodian for accuracy. For more information on the reports Frontier provides to our clients,
please refer to the “Review of Accounts” section below.
In limited circumstances, Frontier will evaluate requests on a case-by-case basis to directly bill a client for
Frontier’s fees rather than having the fees deducted automatically from the account. There is an annual charge
of $100 for this direct bill service. Frontier invoices the client separately for this fee.
For accounts that start during a quarter, Frontier charges a prorated fee for the partial quarter. The prorated
fee is based on the value of the account on the first day when we begin to manage the account. Occasionally,
there is a delay between when an account is opened and when we begin to manage it. For example, when
securities are transferred from several accounts or custodians it can take time for the account to be whole and
in this instance, we would generally wait for all assets to be in the account prior to beginning to manage the
account.
Discretionary and advisory relationships are generally terminable at any time by the client. Prorated fee
refunds of Frontier’s fee are given for accounts that are terminated during a quarter for unearned fees paid
in advance of services. Refunds are automatically made to the client’s account (if Frontier still has access to it)
or are sent to the client’s address of record. Calculation of prorated refunds is based on the last day that
Frontier takes any action relating to the management or administration of the account. Subadvisor and
Consulting relationships are generally terminable at any time upon written notice. If fees are assessed in
arrears payment for services provided shall be due at that time based on days of service rendered. Frontier
has several sub- advisor relationships that are billed in arrears, we bill the firm the amount of the quarter
they were open.
For model-based and investment consulting relationships, the timing and procedures for payment and for
termination of the relationship vary and are negotiated based on the nature, scope and type of relationship
involved and the individual RIA or B/D.
None of the above fees include brokerage or custodial fees that are charged by a custodian. Nor do they
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include transaction fees and redemption charges associated with purchases and sales of investment
products for the account or any other fees incurred in the scope of trading an account.
The mutual funds and exchange traded products purchased for client accounts charge internal management
fees and incur expenses that are deducted from the assets of the fund and therefore borne by the
shareholders of the mutual funds and exchange traded products. The fees also can include distribution fees
and sales charges. These fees and expenses are in addition to Frontier’s fees and fees charged by the client’s
Financial Advisor. Refer to the fund prospectus for the amount of these fees and expenses.
Lower fees for comparable services may be available from other advisers. Our fees may be negotiated or
changed by Frontier at the sole discretion of the Firm. We reserve the right to waive or reduce our investment
management fee and account size minimums with respect to any account, including but not limited to
accounts for our employees and/or family members. Some of the factors relevant to charging different fees
are the account size, the investment strategy, the type of client, and the nature of the relationship between
the potential client and Frontier. Fees may be higher for additional level of services.
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees
Frontier does not charge any performance-based fees or fees based on a share of capital gains or capital
appreciation of the assets in an account.
Item 7: Types of Clients
Frontier manages taxable and non-taxable accounts for affluent individuals and retirement accounts
such as 401(k) and profit-sharing plans. Frontier provides investment management and consulting
services to financial advisors and institutional clients, including endowments, foundations, corporations
and other investment advisory organizations.
Frontier’s minimum account size for discretionary and advisory investment management relationships is
$100,000 for mutual fund accounts and $20,000 for ETF accounts. The account minimums can be waived at
Frontier’s discretion. Minimums for model-based programs are established by the program sponsor.
Minimums are subject to negotiation and Frontier reserves the right to waive the minimum or accept or
decline a potential client for any reason in its sole discretion.
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Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of
Loss
Investment Strategies:
Frontier constructs a variety of multi-asset, multi-manager model investment strategies for its clients.
Strategies offered include Core Strategies, Tax-Managed Strategies, Active ETF Strategies, Faith-Based
Strategies, Specialty Strategies, and Conservative Income Strategies. Each strategy is managed within
a specified framework of return objectives and targets on risk. All strategies, except for the Specialty
Strategies, have minimum and maximum constraints placed on the percentage of assets that can be
allocated to each major asset class group. The constraints provide ranges for positions in each asset
class for each strategy. Actual model holdings can drift outside those ranges at times due to
market fluctuation or other factors. The ranges are merely estimates and not mandates.
The Core Strategies are risk-managed investment strategies that can serve as the core foundation of a
portfolio. These strategies are broadly diversified and managed within established ranges to seek to ensure
broad-asset class exposure.
The Specialty Strategies are risk-managed investment strategies that can either complete an investor’s
total portfolio or address a specific investor need. They can be broadly diversified, but since the asset
class constraints on our Specialty Strategies are considerably wider, they can, at times, be highly
concentrated.
The Faith-Based Strategies are risk-managed strategies designed for investors who wish to align their
investments with their values. The Strategies employ a Biblically Responsible Investing (BRI) screen. The
Faith-Based Strategies utilize companies that seek to uphold biblical values – such as respect for every human
life, freedom of all people, fair and ethical business practices, support of family and community,
environmental stewardship, etc. – and to steer clear of companies that don’t. We complete our own stringent
screening of both BRI funds and non-BRI funds. All funds are evaluated by a computer-based screening
program. From those results, we further scrutinize each fund to determine their involvement in abortion,
pornography, anti-family entertainment, non-biblical lifestyle, tobacco, gambling, and alcohol. These
strategies are broadly diversified and managed within established ranges to seek to ensure broad-asset class
exposure.
The Active ETF Strategies are risk-managed strategies designed for investors with a preference for exchange
traded funds (ETFs). These strategies are broadly diversified and managed within established ranges to seek
to ensure broad-asset class exposure. The Active ETF Strategies are implemented with Frontier ETF Funds.
The Tax-Managed Strategies are risk-managed strategies designed to maximize after-tax returns. Frontier
manages these strategies by analyzing the tax-sensitivity of each fund and uses that information as a variable
in its optimization process. We adjust the asset allocation mixes of the Tax-Managed Strategies to utilize asset
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classes that are more tax-efficient. Our Tax-Managed Strategies also allocate less to asset classes that
distribute taxable income. We generally only trade positions when the expected added value exceeds the
anticipated tax cost. We look for tax-loss harvesting opportunities throughout the year. We monitor
anticipated capital gains distributions and try to avoid large payouts. The goal is to reduce the taxes paid on
taxable investment strategy accounts; any tax advice should be discussed with a certified public accountant.
The Conservative Income Strategies are risk-managed strategies designed for investors with an income
preference. Frontier utilizes funds with a track-record of regular distributions, including high-yield bond
funds, dividend-focused equity funds, and other assets that make regular distributions.
Asset Allocation. Frontier believes strongly in the benefits of investment strategy diversification. We attempt,
through asset allocation strategies, to achieve the return targets of our investment strategies while seeking to
manage the downside volatility in the strategy.
The first step in our process is determining which types of asset classes we will use in constructing our
investment strategies. Currently, the list includes the following (this list is subject to change without
notification):
US Large Stocks
US Small Stocks
International Large Stocks
International Small Stocks
Emerging Markets Stocks
Managed Futures
Commodities
Absolute Return
Real Estate Investment Trusts
Floating Rate Securities
US High Quality Bonds
US High Yield Bonds
Long-Term Government Bonds
International Bonds
TIPS
Treasury Bills
Many asset classes contain sub-groups that we can also use to our advantage in building investment strategies.
For example, US Large Stocks and US Small Stocks have “growth” and “value” subgroups with different
performance characteristics.
We don’t use all asset classes and sub-groups in all investment strategies. We use only those we believe are
appropriate given the strategy’s investment objectives.
Next, we establish our long-term target asset allocation mix. That mix is based on our estimates of the future
long-term return and risk characteristics of each asset class and the relationships among their
performance patterns.
As the investment environment changes, we alter the target asset allocation mix to reflect those changes. We
have developed quantitative models that tell us when allocation adjustments may be appropriate. These
models focus on long-term future asset class return, risk and correlation expectations.
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For all Frontier Strategies we set asset allocation ranges for each of 5 major asset class groups. We take these
ranges into account in making allocation adjustments.
Manager Selection. Frontier’s investment strategies are constructed using mutual funds, ETFs, SMAs or
some combination thereof. We believe that these investment vehicles give us access to skilled investment
managers. Mutual funds and ETFs are highly liquid and allow us to achieve broad market diversification in a
very efficient manner.
Frontier’s fund selection process relies on qualitative and quantitative factors. The goal of this process is to
identify fund managers who are skilled and who we believe can, when combined with other managers in
an investment strategy, contribute to achieving the investment objectives of that strategy.
The heart of our quantitative process is our use of returns-based style analysis. Style analysis helps us establish
a unique performance benchmark for each manager. We believe these benchmarks help us determine
which managers have added value in the past and have the requisite skills to do so in the future. Our
qualitative process helps us identify characteristics that we believe are important in good managers. The goal is
to identify managers who:
charge a reasonable fee for their services
• have experience managing assets in various market environments
• will act in the best interest of our clients
• are passionate about investing
• manage assets using a unique strategy
• are flexible in their approach
•
• are highly motivated to generate results that will benefit our clients
Of course, not all the managers we select have all these qualities, but we look for managers with as many of
them as possible.
Once we have identified a group of managers that are eligible for inclusion in our investment strategies, we
use a proprietary process to combine them. This process is designed to create a multi-manager investment
strategy whose respective investment styles and approaches will complement each other over time.
Frontier believes that properly combining managers in a strategy is an important factor that has the potential
to contribute to a strategy’s success in achieving its investment objectives.
Once Frontier has established the asset allocation strategy, selected managers and combined them in an
investment strategy, we monitor the strategy and the funds in the strategy. We may make adjustments to our
asset allocation strategy and/or replace managers in an investment strategy when we believe adjustments are
advisable.
There are always risks when it comes to investing. Securities such as mutual funds and ETFs rise and
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fall in value based on many factors. There is no guarantee that Frontier’s investment strategies will
achieve their investment objectives. We attempt to manage declines in our investment strategies, but
their performance is highly dependent on the performance of the securities markets. Clients should
be prepared for the possibility of losses. Diversification and asset allocation do not ensure a profit or
guarantee against a loss.
Material Risks
Investing in securities involves a significant risk of loss. Frontier’s investment strategies invest in asset
classes and investment vehicles that are subject to various market, currency, economic, political and
business risks, and such investment decisions may not always be profitable. Clients should be aware that
there may be a loss or depreciation to the value of the client’s account, which clients should be
prepared to bear. There can be no assurance that a client’s investment objectives will be obtained and
no inference to the contrary should be made. Clients are advised that they should only commit assets
for management that can be invested for the long term, that volatility from investing can occur, and
that all investing is subject to risk and consequently, the value of the client’s account may at any time
be worth more or less than the amount invested.
More specific risks associated with Frontier’s assets classes and investment vehicles that clients should
be aware of include, but are not limited, to the following:
• Market Risk: The price of a stock, bond, mutual fund or other security may drop in reaction
to tangible and intangible events and conditions. This type of risk is caused by external
factors independent of a security’s particular underlying circumstances.
• Credit Risk: The risk that a portfolio could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income
security, or the counterparty to a derivative contract, is unable or unwilling to meet its financial
obligations.
•
• High Yield Risk: High yield securities and unrated securities of similar credit quality
(commonly known as “junk bonds”) are subject to greater levels of credit and liquidity risks.
Inflation Risk: When any type of inflation is present, a dollar today will not buy as much as
a dollar next year, because purchasing power is eroding at the rate of inflation.
•
• Currency Risk: Overseas investments are subject to fluctuations in the value of the dollar
against the currency of the investment’s originating country. This is also referred to as
exchange rate risk.
Interest-Rate Risk: Fluctuations in interest rates may cause investment prices to fluctuate. For
example, when interest rates rise, yields on existing bonds become less attractive, causing
their market values to decline.
• Political and Legislative Risk: Companies face a complex set of laws and circumstances in each
country in which they operate. The political and legal environment can change rapidly and
without warning, with significant impact, especially for companies operating outside of the
United States or those companies who conduct a substantial amount of their business outside
of the United States.
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• Reinvestment Risk: This is the risk that future proceeds from investments may have to be
reinvested at a potentially lower rate of return (i.e. interest rate). This primarily relates to
fixed income securities.
• Business Risk: These risks are associated with a particular industry or a particular company
within an industry. Generally, business risk is that a company will go bankrupt or perform below
expectations. Every company carries the business risk that it will produce insufficient cash flow
in order to maintain operations. Business risk can come from a variety of sources, some
systemic and others unsystemic. That is, every company has the business risk that the broader
economy will perform poorly and therefore that sales will be poor, and also the risk that the
market simply will not like its products.
• Financial Risk: Excessive borrowing to finance a business’ operations increases the risk of
profitability, because the company must meet the terms of its obligations in good times
and bad. During periods of financial stress, the inability to meet loan obligations may result
in bankruptcy and/or a declining market value.
• Derivatives Risk: This is the risk of investing in derivative instruments, including liquidity,
interest rates, market, credit and management risks, mispricing or improper valuations.
Changes in the valued of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset,
rate or index and the investment could lose more than the principal amount invested.
• Foreign Investment Risk: Investments in foreign securities may be riskier than U.S. investments
because of factors such as, unstable international, political and economic conditions, currency
fluctuations, foreign controls on investment and currency exchange, foreign governmental
control of some issuers, potential confiscatory taxation or nationalization of companies by
foreign governments, withholding taxes, a lack of adequate company information, less liquid
and more volatile exchanges and/or markets, ineffective or detrimental government
regulation, varying accounting standards, political or economic factors that may severely limit
business activities, and legal systems or market practices that may permit inequitable
treatment of minority and/or non-domestic investors. Investments in emerging markets may
involve these and other significant risks such as less mature economic structures and less
developed and more thinly traded securities markets.
• Values-based Investment Risk. Some strategy’s values-based screening criteria could cause it to
underperform similar strategies that do not have such screening criteria. This could be due to
certain screened companies falling out of favor with investors or failing to perform as well as companies
that do not meet the strategy’s values-based screening guidelines.
• Management Risk. Frontier’s judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation
of particular securities in which the strategies invest may prove to be incorrect and there is no
guarantee that the judgments and decisions made will produce the desired results.
It is important to note that while Frontier recommends investing for the long-term, certain mutual
funds or ETPs recommended by us may employ high-frequency trading. As a result, such frequent
trading may result in increased brokerage and other transaction costs, which generally could reduce
investment returns over time. For detailed information on the risks associated with investing in the
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mutual funds or ETPs invested in by Frontier, please refer to the funds’ prospectuses or other
equivalent disclosure documentation.
Volatile Political, Market and Economic Conditions
Investments in many industries have experienced significant volatility over the last several years. The
ability to realize investments depends, in part, on political, market and economic conditions. The
trading market for the securities of portfolio companies may not be sufficiently liquid to enable a client
to sell securities when it believes that it is most advantageous to do so, or without adversely affecting
the price for such securities. Continued volatility in political, market or economic conditions, including
an outbreak or escalation of major hostilities, the spread of infectious illness or other public health
issues, declarations of war or other substantial national or international calamity or emergency, could
have a material adverse effect on any client, directly or as a result of causing a material adverse effect
on an underlying investment. In addition, clients may make investments in certain publicly traded
vehicles that make private investments in multiple companies or in publicly traded debt. Such
investments could experience higher volatility and risk.
Business Continuity
Frontier has adopted a business continuation strategy to maintain critical functions in the event of a
partial or total building outage affecting our offices or a technical problem affecting applications, data
centers or networks. The recovery strategies are designed to limit the impact on clients from any
business interruption or disaster. Nevertheless, our ability to conduct business can be curtailed by a
disruption in the infrastructure that supports our operations.
Cybersecurity Risk
Although Frontier has implemented various measures designed to manage risks relating to
cybersecurity events, information or technology systems may become compromised in the event of a
breach. We will make every effort to minimize the disruption to our services. Frontier maintains
Cybersecurity Insurance to help protect against loss. It is possible that a cybersecurity event could cause
interruptions in the operations of Frontier, or its client accounts and sensitive data could become
vulnerable. Frontier believes that it has taken to proper precautions to mitigate the risk of a breach and
has procedures in place to help us respond should a cybersecurity event occur.
ESG Investing Risk
ESG (Environmental–Social–Governance) Investing Risk: The analysis of ESG issues is integrated in our
investment process for our Faith-Based strategies. This means that we consider the risk/return implications of
ESG issues when making or evaluating Faith-Based investments. We manage our Faith-Based strategies with
ESG constraints determined by Frontier. We utilize data and screens from third-party service providers in
connection with applying the constraints. Our Faith-Based strategies are subject to ESG guidelines and
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restrictions and could underperform accounts invested in a similar strategy without the same restrictions
because the ESG guidelines can force a portfolio manager to avoid or liquidate a well-performing security
because it does not meet the ESG criteria.
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
Frontier maintains high standards of ethics and integrity for its employees. To the best of our knowledge,
neither Frontier, nor any of its employees:
• has ever been the subject of any legal, administrative or disciplinary action by any
governmental or regulatory authority
• has ever been the subject of any lawsuit or proceeding brought by a client or financial
advisory firm
• has ever been the subject of any criminal proceeding
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Frontier’s investment advisory business provides investment management and consulting services to
its clients while Frontier also acts as an investment advisor to Frontier’s ETFs. Frontier is majority owned
and controlled by its management and family members. Frontier serves as a fiduciary to its advisory
clients, which means that it puts its clients’ interests before its own.
All purchases and sales for client accounts are based solely on Frontier’s consideration of the clients’
best interests.
Occasionally, Frontier accepts sponsorship for advisor related events. Sponsors may be custodians,
fund companies or third-party service providers. Sponsors attend the event in order to educate and
present information to advisors. Frontier does not in any way use their sponsorship or participation as
a determination in how we select investment vehicles for our strategies. We give no preferential
treatment to those that sponsor or attend and those that do not. Frontier is not affiliated with any
potential sponsors. Frontier may also act as a sponsor for certain industry events where advisors may
participate. Frontier does not receive any payment from such advisors for their participation and does
not give any preferential treatment to those that attend.
From time-to-time Frontier may provide information to our business relationship contacts we have
received on new services from custodians, who are not affiliated in any way. These services may be
beneficial to our mutual clients. In some cases, if advisors recommend these services to their clients and
we are selected to manage the account we would receive an advisory fee.
Frontier is under common ownership with Elevate, an affiliated registered investment adviser. Frontier
may recommend or refer clients to Elevate, which creates a conflict of interest because Frontier may
benefit financially from such referrals. Clients are not required to use Elevate and may choose any service
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provider. Frontier will only make such recommendations when it believes they are in the client’s best
interest.
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Conflicts of Interest and Personal Trading
Frontier has adopted a Code of Ethics in compliance with Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers
Act of 1940, as amended, which is contained in Frontier’s Conduct, Ethics and Civility Policy and
accompanied by the Trading Policy. All Frontier employees are subject to these policies, which set
standards of behavior that are intended to establish a high level of professionalism, integrity and fair
dealing with clients. All Frontier employees are subject to its provisions.
Under the Trading Policy, Frontier allows employees to maintain personal securities accounts at any
broker-dealer. They are free to initiate trades in those accounts without prior review or approval,
except in the case of any transactions of private limited offerings, purchases of IPOs and the ETPs we
use in our strategies or securities on the restricted list which require preclearance from our
Compliance department. They are permitted to purchase mutual funds for their accounts that are
purchased by Frontier for client investment strategies.
Employees are not allowed to:
trade on inside information
“front-run” or trade in anticipation of client transactions
•
•
• engage in trading activity prohibited under the federal securities laws
• engage in transactions that conflict with our clients’ best interests
Employees are required to provide reports of their securities holdings and transactions on a periodic
basis. These reports are reviewed by the firm’s compliance personnel.
A copy of these policies is available to any client or prospective client upon request. Requests should
be directed to Frontier at the address shown on page 1 of this brochure.
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
Frontier manages accounts on a discretionary basis for many of its clients. That means that Frontier
can buy and sell securities for the client without obtaining permission for each transaction prior to
initiating it.
Frontier has adopted trading policies and procedures to help ensure that it lives up to its fiduciary duties
and duty of fairness to its clients. These policies and procedures serve as guidelines for all Frontier
employees in the management and trading of discretionary accounts and model investment strategies.
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Our specialty is initiating the trading of funds at the custodial firms where our clients maintain their
accounts. We do our best trading other types of securities, but we have no special expertise in those
areas.
Most of the trades we execute are initiated internally as part of our investment strategy management
responsibilities. We make no effort to time the market or guess the direction of the market in the short-
term in executing trades. When advisors provide specific trading instructions relating to an account, we
use reasonable efforts to execute them as directed.
Frontier initiates transactions for discretionary accounts through the broker or qualified custodian
selected by the client to maintain that account. Brokers and qualified custodians provide trading and
custody services for clients.
Most investment strategies managed by Frontier consist of mutual funds. All mutual funds purchased for client
accounts will be purchased without any “sales load” or commission. This means neither Frontier nor any of
its employees receives any payment from the mutual fund company in connection with the purchase of
mutual fund shares.
Some mutual funds purchased for client accounts are available on a “transaction-fee” basis. That means
that the broker or custodian through which Frontier purchases or sells the fund charges the client a fee in
connection with the transaction. Frontier does not receive any portion of these fees.
Other mutual funds purchased for client accounts are purchased on a “no-transaction fee” basis. That means
they can be purchased and sold without the imposition of any transaction fee. We call these “no-transaction
fee funds.”
Because Exchange Traded Products price intraday, unlike mutual funds, Frontier handles the trading of
these accounts in a different manner. Frontier uses limit orders based on the most recent quoted market
price available to us in an effort to protect against violent market movements that may affect executed order
prices negatively. Furthermore, for the most part Frontier uses block orders when trading a security across
multiple accounts in order to allow that all accounts receive the same execution price. If a block order is not
filled, it is prorated across accounts and then Frontier attempts to fill the remainder of the block the
following day.
Frontier does not have the authority to determine which brokers or qualified custodians its clients
use or the fees that they charge. Frontier may decline to manage an account that is maintained at
any broker or custodian with which it does not have an existing relationship.
Frontier does recommend brokers/ qualified custodians to its discretionary account clients. Some
examples include Fidelity and Schwab. We base our recommendations on a number of factors,
including:
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cost to the client
level and responsiveness of service to Frontier and our clients
the value or benefit of other services or support provided to Frontier
•
• quality and cost of trade execution
•
skill and experience of the broker/custodian
• quality of monthly statements and online access
• ease of use and operational efficiency for Frontier
• availability of funds through the broker/custodian
•
•
These services are generally offered to investment advisors that manage accounts through these
brokers/custodians. The offering of these services to Frontier may present a potential conflict of interest.
Frontier believes that its recommendations are always made in the client’s best interest.
Discretionary accounts are traded on an individual account basis and trades are not aggregated. This
allows us to trade each account in the manner most appropriate for each client. We believe this is a
benefit to our clients.
We do not trade model-based investment strategies. Rather, we provide information to the firms that
offer our models about how they should be traded. The Firms must follow our recommendations. Those
firms are then solely responsible for implementation of those instructions. Frontier does not monitor
or supervise the trading activity of these firms.
Item 13: Review of Accounts
Each investment strategy managed by Frontier is monitored on a daily basis to determine if it falls within
certain asset class and mutual fund tolerance levels established for each investment strategy.
Investment strategies may fall outside established tolerances for reasons such as market
movements, client contributions or withdrawals. Adjustments are made to bring investment
strategies back within established tolerances when they are deemed beneficial.
These reviews are conducted by the operations management team. The team is supervised by our
Director of Investments.
The review process is highly automated. Investment strategy tolerance levels are monitored by
Frontier’s trading platform software, Tamarac. All trades are reviewed and approved by members of
the investment strategy management team, that consists of four voting members.
Committee meetings are generally attended by one or more members of the investment strategy
management team and occasionally the Chief Compliance Officer.
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The Investment Committee designs and reviews the models for each investment strategy managed by
Frontier. We review our model investment strategies periodically (at least once a month) to determine
whether their allocations to various asset classes and investment products should be adjusted.
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Frontier enters into joint advisory agreements with financial advisors and their clients. These joint
advisory agreements call for Frontier to manage assets for those clients and call for the financial
advisors to perform certain other investment advisory, such as ongoing suitability, and consulting
services for those clients.
Frontier’s fees are set forth in the joint advisory agreement. In most cases and in all new agreements,
the financial advisor’s fees are separately stated in that agreement too, although occasionally they are
combined with Frontier’s fees. Frontier has several preexisting agreements where fees are combined
based on past requests from advisors. For the vast majority of clients, Frontier collects its fees and the
advisor’s fees from the client’s account and then distributes the advisor’s fee to the advisor.
Frontier does not pay any portion of its stated fee to the advisor and the advisor does not pay any
portion of its stated fee to Frontier.
We believe that our fees are fair and reasonable for the services we provide. Although we have no role
in establishing the fees charged by the financial advisors we work with, we believe that these financial
advisors set their fees based on the reasonable value of the services they provide.
We may compensate non-affiliated and affiliated persons for referrals (hereinafter a “Promoter”) in
accordance with rules under the Act. Such compensation represents a share of our investment advisory fee
charged to our clients. This arrangement will not result in higher costs to you. In this regard, we maintain a
written agreement with the Promoter and shall ensure the Promoter is not disqualified by the SEC in
compliance with Rule 206 (4)-1 of the Act and applicable state and federal laws. All clients referred by
Promoters to our Firm will be given full written disclosure describing the terms, compensation, material
conflicts of interest and if Promoter is a client of the Firm. In cases where state law requires licensure of
Promoters, we ensure that no compensation is paid unless the Promoter is registered as an investment
adviser representative of our Firm. The Promoter will not provide clients with any investment advice on
behalf of our Firm.
The compensation received by the affiliated person creates a conflict of interest because it provides an
incentive to recommend or refer clients to the affiliate based on the potential financial benefit, rather
than solely on the client’s best interest. To mitigate this conflict, the Adviser only makes such
recommendations when it believes the affiliate’s services are appropriate and in the client’s best
interest, and clients are free to select any service provider of their choice.
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Item 15: Custody
Based on the adopted amendment to the custody rule 206(4)-2 under the Investment Advisers Act of
1940, Frontier is considered to have custody of client assets by virtue of having the authority to
withdraw our advisory fees and the Advisor’s fees from client accounts. Frontier does not have
authority or ability to withdraw client assets for any other reason and we do not maintain physical
custody of client assets.
Taking into consideration the guidance given by the SEC via the No Action Letter (NAL) to the Investment
Adviser Association in February of 2017, Frontier has reviewed account authorizations and taken
additional steps to ensure that we do not have inadvertent or imputed custody. First Party standing
letters of authorization (SLOA) are made to identically registered accounts or we require signatures for
each transfer. With the help of the qualified custodians our direct clients maintain their accounts with
we are able to meet the seven criteria outlined in the NAL to remain exempt from the Surprise Exam
requirement. Six of the seven are contingent on custodian forms and procedures. These criteria are as
follows:
1. The client provides an instruction to the qualified custodian, in writing, that includes the
client’s signature, the third party’s name, and either the third party’s address or the third party’s
account number at a custodian to which the transfer should be directed.
2. The client authorizes the investment adviser, in writing, either on the qualified custodian’s form
or separately, to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or from time to
time.
3. The client’s qualified custodian performs appropriate verification of the instruction, such as a
signature review or other method to verify the client’s authorization and provides a transfer of
funds notice to the client promptly after each transfer.
4. The client has the ability to terminate or change the instruction to the client’s qualified custodian.
5. The investment adviser has no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the third
party, the address, or any other information about the third party contained in the client’s
instruction.
6. The investment adviser maintains records showing that the third party is not a related party of
the investment adviser or located at the same address as the investment adviser.
7. The client’s qualified custodian sends the client, in writing, an initial notice confirming the
instruction and an annual notice reconfirming the instruction.
Frontier maintains such records identified under Item 6 above.
Frontier also allows some third-party SLOAs for our direct client accounts. In all cases Frontier ensures
these criteria are met:
1. The client provides an instruction to the qualified custodian, in writing, that includes the
client’s signature, the third party’s name, and either the third party’s address or the third party’s
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account number at a custodian to which the transfer should be directed.
2. The client authorizes the investment adviser, in writing, either on the qualified custodian’s form
or separately, to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or from time to
time.
3. The client’s qualified custodian performs appropriate verification of the instruction, such as a
signature review or other method to verify the client’s authorization and provides a transfer of funds
notice to the client promptly after each transfer.
4. The client has the ability to terminate or change the instruction to the client’s qualified custodian.
5. The investment adviser has no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the third
party, the address, or any other information about the third party contained in the client’s
instruction.
6. The investment adviser maintains records showing that the third party is not a related party of
the investment adviser or located at the same address as the investment adviser.
7. The client’s qualified custodian sends the client, in writing, an initial notice confirming the instruction
and an annual notice reconfirming the instruction.
Direct client assets are held in one or more accounts with a qualified custodian of the client’s choosing.
We have reasonable belief that each qualified custodian distributes account statements to the client
at least quarterly, which reflect among other things the amount of all advisory fees deducted from a
client’s account. Frontier urges clients to compare the statements they receive from custodians with
statements and/or account reports received from Advisors and Frontier.
The firm has no discretion as to the amount, payee or timing of the transfer for its clients who have
SLOAs.
Item 16: Investment Discretion
Many Frontier accounts are managed on a discretionary basis. This means that Frontier has the
authority to purchase and sell securities for the account without obtaining prior approval from the
client.
Discretionary trading authority is granted to Frontier through the investment advisory agreement it
enters into with each client. This authority is implemented through a Limited Power of Attorney that is
executed by each client and provided to the client’s broker or custodian.
Clients may place special restrictions or limitations on Frontier’s discretionary authority. To be effective,
such restrictions or limitations must be in writing and must be specifically agreed to by Frontier.
Frontier may decline to manage an account based on requested restrictions or limitations on its trading
authority.
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
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Unless otherwise requested by a client, Frontier votes all proxies for securities over which it has discretion.
Frontier attempts to vote proxies in a manner that is in the best interest of the client for whom they are voted.
When Frontier obtains discretion over securities that are transferred into an account with the understanding
that Frontier will sell them, it is our policy to abstain from voting them. In the rare case that we receive a proxy
for a security over which we do not have discretion, it is our policy to forward the proxy to the investment
advisor or other individual who has discretion over that security or use reasonable efforts to seek direction
about how to vote the proxy.
In the event that Frontier identifies a potential conflict between its interests and those of a client with respect to
the voting of a proxy, Frontier will notify and seek guidance from the client, through that client’s investment
advisor. In the event Frontier does not receive timely direction or guidance regarding the voting of the proxy,
Frontier will abstain from voting the proxy.
Clients may request a copy of Frontier’s full Proxy Voting Policy and/or the specific details of any proxy that was
voted for their account by contacting us using the information on page 1 of this brochure. A copy of our Proxy
Voting Policy is available on our web site at www.frontierasset.com.
Item 18: Financial Information
Our firm does not have any financial condition or impairment that would prevent us from meeting our
contractual commitments to you. We do not take physical custody of client funds or securities, or serve as
trustee or signatory for client accounts, and we do not require the prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees six
or more months in advance. Therefore, we are not required to include a financial statement with this brochure.
We have not filed a bankruptcy petition at any time in the past ten years.
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