Overview
- Headquarters
- Milwaukee, WI
- Total Firm Assets
- $226 million
- Average High-Net-Worth Client Portfolio Size
- $2.9 million
- Minimum Account Size
- $1,000,000
Fee Structure
Primary Fee Schedule (GLOBAL VALUE ADV PART 2A 03.20.26)
| Min | Max | Marginal Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $0 | $500,000 | 1.50% |
| $500,001 | $1,000,000 | 1.25% |
| $1,000,001 | $5,000,000 | 1.00% |
| $5,000,001 | and above | 0.75% |
Illustrative Fee Rates
| Total Assets | Annual Fees | Average Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $1 million | $13,750 | 1.38% |
| $5 million | $53,750 | 1.08% |
| $10 million | $91,250 | 0.91% |
| $50 million | $391,250 | 0.78% |
| $100 million | $766,250 | 0.77% |
Clients
- High-Net-Worth Share of Firm Assets
- 69.84%
- Number of High-Net-Worth Clients
- 54
- Total Client Accounts
- 539
- Discretionary Accounts
- 516
- Non-Discretionary Accounts
- 23
Services Offered
Services: Portfolio Management for Individuals, Portfolio Management for Pooled Investment Vehicles, Portfolio Management for Institutional Clients
Regulatory Filings
- SEC CRD Number
- 144260
Primary Brochure: GLOBAL VALUE ADV PART 2A 03.20.26 (2026-07-23)
View Document Text
GLOBAL
VALUE
INVESTMENT
CORP.
1433 N Water Street, Suite 400
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Phone: (262) 478-0640
www.gvi-corp.com
July 21, 2026
FORM ADV PART 2A
BROCHURE
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Global Value Investment
Corporation. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, contact us at (262) 478-0640. The
information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about Global Value Investment Corporation is available on the SEC's website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Global Value Investment Corporation is a registered investment adviser. Registration with the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission or any state securities authority does not imply a certain level of skill or
training.
Item 2. Summary of Material Changes
Form ADV Part 2A requires registered investment advisers to amend their brochure when information becomes
materially inaccurate. If there are any material changes to an adviser's disclosure brochure, the adviser is required
to notify you and provide you with a description of the material changes.
Since the filing of our last annual updating amendment, dated March 20, 2026, we have made the following
changes to our Form ADV Part 2A:
Loop Industries, Inc. Board of Directors Appointment
On June 22, 2026, Jeffrey R. Geygan, Executive Chairman, Chairman of the Board of Directors, and the controlling
shareholder of GVIC, was appointed to the Board of Directors of Loop Industries, Inc., a public company, as an
Independent Director. Separate research analysts in GVIC supervise the investment research an analysis of LOOP,
and make all investment decisions relating to LOOP, including if and when to purchase or sell securities of the
company, for client accounts, without discussions with Jeffrey R. Geygan. All such decisions are made based on the
investment objective and risk tolerance of each client’s account, and in the best interest of each client.
Item 10 has been updated to disclosure that Jeffrey R. Geygan, Executive Chairman, Chairman of the Board of
Directors, and the controlling shareholder of GVIC, became a member of the Board of Directors of Loop Industries,
Inc., a public company, and a conflict of interest exists because of this relationship.
Item 11 has been updated to disclose (a) conflicts related to Jeffrey R. Geygan, and potentially other individuals
associated with our firm; (b) conflicts related to participation and interest in client transactions; and (c) our
personal trading policies that are in place to mitigate conflicts.
Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory, Inc. Interim Chief Executive Officer Resignation
On June 26, 2026, Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory, Inc. (“RMCF”) disclosed that on June 21, 2026, Jeffrey R.
Geygan notified the Board of Directors of RMCF of his resignation as Interim Chief Executive Officer of RMCF,
effective June 26, 2026. Jeffrey R. Geygan remains a member of the Board of Directors of RMCF.
On June 29, 2026, Jeffrey R. Geygan’s leave of absence from Global Value Investment Corporation (“GVIC”), which
began on May 14, 2024, concluded, and Jeffrey R. Geygan assumed the role of Executive Chairman of GVIC. James
P. Geygan continues to serve as the Chief Executive Officer and President of GVIC. Jeffrey R. Geygan remains the
controlling shareholder of GVIC and continues serving as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of GVIC.
Our Form ADV Part 2A has been updated to reflect Jeffrey R. Geygan’s title of Executive Chairman. Jeffrey R.
Geygan remains the controlling shareholder of GVIC and continues serving as the Chairman of the Board of
Directors of GVIC.
Item 4 has been updated to disclose that Jeffrey R. Geygan, Executive Chairman, Chairman of the Board of
Directors, and the controlling shareholder of GVIC, is no longer the Interim Chief Executive Officer, but remains a
director of, Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory, Inc., a public company, and a conflict of interest exists because of
this relationship.
Item 10 has been updated to disclosure that Jeffrey R. Geygan, Executive Chairman, Chairman of the Board of
Directors, and the controlling shareholder of GVIC, is no longer the Interim Chief Executive Officer, but remains a
director of, Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory, Inc., a public company, and a conflict of interest exists because of
this relationship.
2
Item 11 has been updated to disclose (a) conflicts related to Jeffrey R. Geygan, and potentially other individuals
associated with our firm; (b) conflicts related to participation and interest in client transactions; and (c) our
personal trading policies that are in place to mitigate conflicts.
3
Item 3. Table of Contents
Item 2. Summary of Material Changes ...........................................................................................................................2
Item 3. Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................4
Item 4. Advisory Business ...............................................................................................................................................5
Item 5. Fees and Compensation .....................................................................................................................................8
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management .............................................................................. 10
Item 7. Types of Clients ................................................................................................................................................ 10
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss ........................................................................ 10
Item 9. Disciplinary Information .................................................................................................................................. 17
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ....................................................................................... 17
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions, and Personal Trading ................................ 20
Item 12. Brokerage Practices ....................................................................................................................................... 21
Item 13. Review of Accounts........................................................................................................................................ 24
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation..................................................................................................... 24
Item 15. Custody .......................................................................................................................................................... 24
Item 16. Investment Discretion.................................................................................................................................... 26
Item 17. Voting Client Securities .................................................................................................................................. 26
Item 18. Financial Information ..................................................................................................................................... 27
Item 19. Requirements for State-Registered Advisers ................................................................................................ 27
Item 20. Additional Information .................................................................................................................................. 27
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Item 4. Advisory Business
Description of Firm
Global Value Investment Corporation (“GVIC”) is a Delaware corporation offering investment research and
advisory services to a variety of clients. GVIC began offering investment research and advisory services in 2007.
Jeffrey R. Geygan, Executive Chairman and Chairman of the Board of Directors, is the controlling shareholder.
James P. Geygan serves as the Chief Executive Officer and President. The firm is headquartered in Milwaukee,
Wisconsin.
The following paragraphs describe our services and fees. Refer to the description of each investment advisory
service listed below for information on how we tailor our investment advisory services to your individual needs. As
used in this brochure, the words "we," "our," and "us" refer to GVIC, and the words "you," "your," and "client"
refer to you as either a client or prospective client of our firm.
Investment Management Services (Wrap Fee Program and Non-Wrap Fee Program)
We offer discretionary investment management services to high-net-worth individuals and other retail clients. We
begin by conducting a complimentary initial consultation, during which pertinent information about your financial
circumstances, goals, and objectives is collected. The information collection process typically addresses present
and anticipated assets and liabilities, including investments, savings, and retirement or other employee or
employer benefits. The primary objective of this process is for us to assist you in developing a strategy for the
successful management of income, assets, and liabilities to meet your financial goals and objectives. Once your
financial circumstances are determined, a portfolio is established and the investments within the portfolio are
managed according to one or more investment strategies developed by our firm. These investment strategies are
designed for clients with varying degrees of risk tolerance ranging from conservative to aggressive. Clients whose
assets are invested in such investment strategies may set restrictions on the specific types of securities, holdings,
or allocations within the strategy; in such cases, this may prevent a client from investing in certain investment
strategies that are offered by GVIC.
Our investment management services require you to grant our firm discretionary authority to manage your
account. Discretionary authorization will allow us to determine the specific securities, and the amount of
securities, to be purchased or sold for your account without your approval prior to each transaction. Discretionary
authority is typically granted by the investment management services agreement you sign with our firm and any
applicable trading authorization documents.
We offer our investment management services as a wrap fee program or non-wrap fee program.
Wrap Fee Program
We are a portfolio manager to, and sponsor of, the wrap fee program, which is a type of investment
program that provides you with access to our investment management services for a single fee that
includes administrative fees, management fees, and commissions. If you participate in our wrap fee
program, you will pay our firm a single fee, which includes our investment management fees, certain
transaction costs, and custodial and administrative costs. The overall cost you will incur if you participate
in our wrap fee program may be higher or lower than you might incur by separately purchasing the types
of securities available in the program.
To compare the cost of the wrap fee program with non-wrap fee investment management services, you
should consider the frequency of trading activity associated with our investment strategies and the
brokerage commissions charged by other broker-dealers, and the advisory fees charged by investment
advisers. For more information concerning the wrap fee program, see Appendix 1 to this brochure.
5
Non-Wrap Fee Program
Where you are in a non-wrap fee program, you will pay our investment management fees, transaction
costs, and custodial and administrative costs.
Sub-Advisory Services to Registered Investment Advisers
We offer sub-advisory services to unaffiliated registered investment advisers (each an "Investment Manager"). As
part of these services, we provide our investment strategies, which the Investment Manager selects for its clients.
We directly manage the Investment Manager's client accounts on a discretionary basis. The Investment Manager is
responsible for selecting the appropriate strategy for its clients.
Third-Party Advisory Services to Registered Investment Advisers
We offer third-party advisory services to unaffiliated registered investment advisers (each a "Sponsor"). As part of
these services, the Sponsor offers our investment strategies to certain of its clients, which, with the assistance of
the Sponsor, select one or more investment strategies and enter into a separate investment management services
agreement with our firm. We directly manage each client account on a discretionary basis. When we provide these
services, the Sponsor generally acts as the primary point of communication for clients, but we collect certain
information from these clients and communicate with these clients in accordance with our regulatory obligations.
Investment Management Services for Private Funds
We serve as an investment adviser to certain private investment funds (the "Funds"). We base our advice to such
Funds on the investment objective and restrictions (if any) set forth in the offering memorandum, organizational
documents, investment management services agreement, and/or subscription agreement, as applicable (each and
collectively, the "Governing Documents"). Such Funds are available for investment only by institutional investors
and other sophisticated, high-net-worth investors, who meet the eligibility requirements of the applicable Fund set
forth in its Governing Documents. Each such Fund is exempt from registration as an investment company under
Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
We are affiliated through common control and ownership with GVP 2021-A L.L.C., the general partner of GVP
2021-A, L.P. (the “General Partner”). We are named as the investment manager of GVP 2021-A, L.P.
GVP 2021-A, L.P. currently holds one security, Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory, Inc. (“RMCF”), listed on the
Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker RMCF. As indicated in the subscription documents signed by fund
investors, clients are not charged a management fee; however, pursuant to side letters entered into with each
fund investor, carried interest will be charged at the conclusion of the fund based on the fund’s performance. In
addition, the General Partner, not GVP 2021-A, L.P., will bear all ordinary operating expenses. It is possible
that investors in the fund could invest in RMCF and pay less than an investment in RMCF through GVP 2021-A, L.P.
Jeffrey R. Geygan, Executive Chairman, Chairman of the Board of Directors, and the controlling shareholder of
GVIC, is also a Director of RMCF, a role for which he receives compensation from RMCF. This creates a conflict of
interest because Jeffrey R. Geygan has an incentive to recommend investment in GVP 2021-A, L.P. To mitigate this
conflict, and in accordance with GVIC’s Code of Ethics, once he was appointed to the Board of Directors of RMCF,
Jeffrey R. Geygan was recused from any investment decisions made by GVIC relating to RMCF.
On November 26, 2024, GVIC entered into a letter agreement (the “Letter Agreement”) with RMCF and certain
other parties signatory thereto, pursuant to which GVIC was granted certain governance rights, including the right
to appoint a director, and mutually agree with RMCF upon the appointment of another director, to RMCF’s Board.
As a result of the foregoing, GVIC may be construed to exercise limited control over RMCF, and the outcome of
GVIC’s investment in RMCF may be partially dependent on GVIC’s decisions with respect to RMCF.
6
On December 17, 2025, GVIC entered into an amendment to the Letter Agreement amending GVIC’s
maximum ownership in the common stock of RMCF from 29.9% to 25.0% of the outstanding common stock.
On August 28, 2025, RMCF2 Credit, LLC, a special purpose investment entity affiliated with Jeffrey R. Geygan,
entered into a credit agreement with RMCF pursuant to which RMCF received an advance in the principal
amount of $1.2 million.
An investment in RMCF through an advisory account with GVIC is more liquid than a partnership interest in
GVP 2021-A, L.P. (that is, the securities are more accessible and subject to fewer restrictions), which can only
be redeemed with permission from the General Partner.
Types of Investments
We invest managed assets primarily in exchange-listed equity securities (both foreign and domestic), corporate
bonds (where issuance is fully registered), municipal bonds, and US Treasury securities. From time to time, we may
invest in equity securities traded over-the-counter (both foreign and domestic), American depository receipts,
exchange-traded funds, mutual funds (including money market funds), options, or other types of securities.
Additionally, we may advise you on various types of investments based on your stated goals and objectives. We
may also provide advice on any type of investment held in your portfolio at the inception of our advisory
relationship.
Since our investment strategies and advice are based on each client’s specific financial situation, the investment
advice we provide to you may be different than, or conflict with, the advice we give to other clients regarding the
same security or investment.
IRA Rollover Recommendations
For purposes of complying with the U.S. Department of Labor’s Prohibited Transaction Exemption 2020-02 where
applicable, we are providing the following acknowledgment to you. When we provide investment advice to you
regarding your retirement plan account or individual retirement account, we are fiduciaries within the meaning of
Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are
laws governing retirement accounts. The way we make money creates some conflicts with your interests, so we
operate under a special rule that requires us to act in your best interest and not put our interest ahead of yours.
Under this special rule’s provisions, we must:
Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is in your best interest;
• Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations (give prudent advice);
• Never put our financial interests ahead of yours when making recommendations (give loyal advice);
• Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
•
• Charge no more than is reasonable for our services; and
• Give you basic information about conflicts of interest.
We benefit financially from the rollover of your assets from a retirement account to an account that we manage or
provide investment advice, because the assets increase our assets under management and, in turn, our advisory
fees. As a fiduciary, we only recommend a rollover when we believe it is in your best interest.
Assets Under Management
As of February 20, 2026, we had total assets under management of $225,627,462, of which $224,435,008 were
discretionary assets and $1,192,454 were non-discretionary assets.
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Item 5. Fees and Compensation
Investment Management Services Fee
Our fee for investment management services is based on a percentage of the assets in your account and is set
forth in the following annual fee schedule and break points. This fee schedule is negotiable.
TIERED FEE SCHEDULE
Account Value
Annual Fee
$0
-
$500,000
1.50%
$500,000
-
$1,000,000
1.25%
$1,000,000
-
$5,000,000
1.00%
$5,000,000+
0.75%
Our annual investment management fee is billed and payable quarterly, in advance, based on the market value of
the assets in your account at the beginning of each billing period, including any cash or cash-equivalent securities.
If the investment management services agreement is executed at any time other than the first day of a calendar
quarter, our fees will apply on a pro-rata basis, which means that the advisory fee is payable in proportion to the
number of days remaining in the quarter for which you are a client. Assets exceeding $20,000 deposited into your
account during any quarter will be charged a prorated quarterly fee based upon the number of days remaining in
the quarter. No adjustment shall be made to the quarterly fees for changes in the market value of securities held in
your account during the calendar quarter. A pro-rata fee refund shall be made if assets valued at $20,000 or more
are withdrawn from your account during the quarter. We may amend these fees by providing 30 days’ advance
notice.
At our discretion, we may combine the account values of family members living in the same household, or other
related account owners, to determine the applicable advisory fee based on asset break points as listed above. For
example, we may combine account values for you and your minor children, joint accounts with your spouse, and
other types of related accounts. Combining account values may increase the asset total, which may result in you
paying a reduced advisory fee based on the available break points in our fee schedule listed above.
We will deduct our fee directly from your account through the qualified custodian holding your funds and
securities. We will deduct our advisory fee only after you have given our firm written authorization permitting the
fees to be paid directly from your account as detailed in our investment management services agreement. Further,
the qualified custodian will deliver an account statement to you at least quarterly. These account statements will
show all disbursements from your account. You should review all statements for accuracy.
You may terminate the investment management services agreement by providing 30 days’ written notice. You will
incur a pro-rata charge for services rendered prior to the termination of the investment management services
agreement, which means you will incur advisory fees only in proportion to the number of days in the quarter for
which you are a client. If you have prepaid advisory fees that we have not yet earned, you will receive a pro-rated
refund of those unearned fees.
Fee for Sub-Advisory Services and Third-Party Manager Services for Registered Investment Advisers
Fees and payment arrangements are negotiable and will vary on a case-by-case basis with the Investment Manager
or Sponsor, as applicable.
8
Fees for Private Funds
The Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of GVP 2021-A, L.P., as amended, states that the
fund will not charge an annual management fee. Pursuant to side letters entered into with each fund investor,
carried interest will be charged at the conclusion of the fund based on the Fund’s performance. In addition, the
General Partner, not GVP 2021-A, L.P., will bear ordinary operating expenses.
Additional Fees and Expenses
As part of our investment management services, we may invest, or recommend that you invest, in mutual funds
and exchange traded funds. The fees that you pay to GVIC for investment management services are separate and
distinct from the fees and expenses charged by mutual funds or exchange traded funds (described in each fund's
prospectus) to their shareholders. These fees will generally include a management fee and other fund expenses.
For a non-wrap fee account, you will also incur transaction charges and/or brokerage fees when buying or selling
securities. These charges and fees are typically imposed by the broker-dealer or custodian through whom your
account transactions are executed. We do not share in any portion of the transaction charges and/or brokerage
fees imposed by the broker-dealer or custodian.
To fully understand the total cost you will incur, you should review all the fees charged by mutual funds, exchange
traded funds, our firm, your custodian, and others. For information on our brokerage practices, refer to the
Brokerage Practices section of this brochure.
9
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
As the manager to certain Funds, a performance fee may be paid as outlined in the Fund’s Governing Documents.
You should review the Governing Documents for specific information about performance fees. We only charge
performance-based fees to "qualified clients” who have a net worth greater than $2,200,000 or for whom we
manage at least $1,100,000 immediately after entering into an agreement for our services. Performance-based
fees are fees based on a share of capital gains or capital appreciation of a client's partnership interest in the Fund.
Pursuant to side letters entered into with each fund investor in GVP 2021-A, L.P., carried interest will be charged at
the conclusion of the fund based on the fund’s performance.
Side-by-side management might provide an incentive for us to favor accounts for which we receive a performance-
based fee. For example, we may have an incentive to allocate limited investment opportunities, such as initial
public offerings, to clients who are charged performance-based fees over clients who are charged asset-based fees
only. To address this conflict of interest, we have instituted policies and procedures that require us to allocate
investment opportunities, to the extent they are suitable, in a way that avoids favoritism among our clients,
regardless of whether the client is charged performance fees.
Item 7. Types of Clients
We offer investment management services to individuals (other than high-net-worth individuals), high-net-worth
individuals, pooled investment vehicles (other than investment companies and business development companies),
pension and profit-sharing plans (but not the plan participants or government pension plans), charitable
organizations, other investment advisers, and corporations or other businesses not listed above.
In general, we require a minimum of $1,000,000 under our management to open and maintain an investment
management relationship. At our discretion, we may waive this minimum relationship size requirement.
In general, we require a minimum of $5,000,000 under our management to offer sub-advisory services or third-
party advisory services to registered investment advisers. At our discretion, we may waive this minimum
relationship size requirement.
We may also combine account values for you and your minor children, joint accounts with your spouse, and other
types of related accounts to meet the stated minimum.
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
GVIC uses the methods of analysis described below when making recommendations for clients. This, however,
should not be understood to limit in any way GVIC's investment activities. GVIC can offer any advisory services,
engage in any investment strategy, and make any investment, including any not described in this brochure, that
GVIC considers appropriate, subject to each client's investment objectives and guidelines.
Fundamental Analysis – Fundamental analysis involves evaluation of an issuer’s financial condition and
competitive position. GVIC analyzes an issuer's financial condition, assets, liabilities, earnings
characteristics and capacity, products and services, the capabilities of management, and its position
among competitors and in its respective industry.
GVIC incorporates a wide variety of informational sources in its analysis. Security analysis typically begins
with examination of an issuer’s regulatory filings with the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission (or similar filing with equivalent regulatory bodies in an issuer’s respective jurisdiction),
including Form 10-Q, Form 10-K, Form 8-K, Form 6-K, Form 20-F, Schedule 14A, or other offering
10
documents or memoranda filed by the issuer, as well as Schedule 13D, Schedule 13D, Form 3, Form 4,
Form 5, or other ownership disclosures, financial publications, newspapers and magazines, research
materials prepared by others, corporate/credit rating services reports, annual reports, and other sources.
GVIC may purchase various sources of research and information or use sources or information that have
been developed over years of experience and practice that constitute a portion of GVIC’s intellectual
property and proprietary knowledge. All research material is proprietary and not available to the public or
offered for sale to any other entity.
Fundamental analysis is generally understood to concentrate on factors that determine a company’s
current value and projected future value, based on financial estimates. This method of analysis normally
encourages equity and debt investments in companies that are undervalued or priced below their
perceived value. Uncertainty arises in this analytical methodology when the public market value of a
security does not align with GVIC’s assessment of the value of that security.
GVIC’s investment strategies necessarily entail uncertainties that are inherent when investing in an uncertain
world. GVIC invests in and trades securities and other financial instruments for clients using strategies and
investment techniques that are subject to various uncertainties, including some amount of company leverage and
the potential illiquidity of a company’s security. GVIC clients must be prepared to bear the possibility of capital
losses and extended periods of market price variability. GVIC applies this method of analysis by focusing on the
following investment strategies:
Short-Term and Long-Term Strategies – Long-term investment strategies involve holding securities for a
period of at least one year. Short-term investment strategies involve holding securities for a period of less
than one year. When implementing long-term investment strategies, GVIC believes that the price of a
security will be higher in the future than at the time of purchase, and that price appreciation will occur
over a period of more than one year. The appreciation of a single security over this period, and the long-
term growth of broad financial markets, cannot be assured. Securities purchased in client accounts may
decline in value over time, even if broad financial markets increase in value over the same period. In
addition, purchasing securities with the intent to hold such securities for more than one year may involve
an opportunity cost, or the loss of potential gain from an alternative investment.
Activist Strategies – GVIC may, in certain circumstances, pursue “activist” strategies, which require (a) us
to properly identify companies whose security price can be increased through our active influence on, and
involvement in, the management of such companies or through other strategies to influence or control
corporate decision-making; (b) our clients to acquire sufficient securities or other instruments of or
relating to such companies, such that GVIC’s beneficial ownership of such securities is sufficient to
exercise influence or control; (c) our avoidance of triggering anti-takeover and regulatory obstacles while
aggregating our position; (d) management of such companies and other stakeholders responding
positively to the our proposals; and (e) the market price of such companies’ securities increasing in
response to actions taken by such companies in connection with our proposals.
There can be no assurance that any of the foregoing will succeed. Successful execution of an investment
strategy with respect to a company can depend on the actions of other stakeholders, whose interests may
not be aligned with those of our clients. Moreover, securities that we believe are fundamentally
undervalued or incorrectly valued may not ultimately be valued in the capital markets at prices and/or
within the timeframe we anticipate, even if our strategy is successfully implemented. Even if the price for
a company’s security has increased, there is no assurance that the client will be able to realize any
increase in the value of the investment.
The following risks can be associated with GVIC’s methods of analysis and strategies:
Investments in Undervalued Securities – GVIC’s investment strategies are designed to invest in securities
it believes are undervalued. The identification of investment opportunities in undervalued securities
11
requires skill and experience, and there can be no assurances that such opportunities will be identified, or
when identified, will result in successful investment outcomes. While investments in undervalued
securities offer the potential opportunity for significant capital appreciation, these investments involve an
element of financial uncertainty and can result in capital loss. In GVIC’s active investment strategy, this
uncertainty can be amplified by concentration (discussed below).
GVIC can invest a client’s assets in fixed income securities, including, without limitation, commercial paper
and debt securities. A major economic recession could severely disrupt the market for such securities and
could have an adverse impact on the value of such securities.
In addition, it is likely that any such economic downturn could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of
such securities to make payments thereon, increasing the incidence of default for such securities.
Unforeseen circumstances such as market disruptions could cause the price of such securities to decline
substantially.
Investing in securities that appear to be undervalued is no guarantee that these securities will not be
trading at even more undervalued levels at a time such securities are sold.
Concentration of Holdings – At any given time, a client’s assets can become concentrated in the holdings
of a single company or small group of companies. In such cases, a client’s portfolio will be more
susceptible to fluctuations in value resulting from conditions affecting such company or group of
companies compared to the results of a more broadly diversified portfolio. As a result, a client’s returns
could be more volatile and could be affected substantially by the success or failure of only one or a few
holdings. GVIC does not generally hedge client positions to protect against such fluctuations.
Trading in Illiquid Securities – Certain securities in which GVIC invests client assets can be relatively
illiquid. Such securities could prevent a client from liquidating positions in a prompt and orderly manner
and subject the client to loss.
Highly Variable Market Pricing – The prices of a client’s investment holdings can be highly variable. Price
movements of some investments in which GVIC’s clients can be invested are influenced by a variety of
factors including, among other things, interest rates, levels of supply and demand, actual or perceived
credit risks, regulatory changes, and national and international political and economic events and policies.
In addition, governments can from time to time intervene in certain investment markets, particularly
those in government bonds, currencies, and financial instruments, which can adversely affect return on
investment. GVIC’s clients are also subject to the uncertainty of the failure of any exchange on which
securities trade.
Non-U.S. Investments – GVIC can invest a portion of a client’s portfolio outside the U.S. in non-dollar
denominated securities, including in securities issued by foreign companies and the governments of
foreign countries and in foreign currencies. These investments involve different types of uncertainties
than those typically associated with investments in U.S. companies or securities issued by the U.S.
government. Because investments issued by foreign issuers can involve foreign currencies, clients can be
affected positively or negatively by changes in currency exchange rates (including as a result of the
devaluation of a foreign currency) and in exchange control regulations and can incur transaction costs in
connection with conversions between currencies.
In addition, unlike with most U.S. companies, GVIC may not be able to obtain the same amount of
information regarding a foreign company, or such information may not be reliable. The regulation of
securities markets in some foreign countries can be less rigorous than that of those in the U.S. Some
foreign securities markets have a higher potential for price variability and illiquidity compared to most
U.S. securities markets. With respect to certain countries, there can be the possibility of expropriation or
confiscatory taxation, political, economic, or social instability, limitation on the removal of funds or other
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assets or the repatriation of profits, restrictions on investment opportunities, the imposition of trading
controls, withholding or other taxes on interest, dividends, capital gain, other income, gross sale, or
disposition proceeds, import duties or other protectionist measures, various laws enacted for the
protection of creditors, greater uncertainty of nationalization, or diplomatic developments that could
adversely affect investments in those countries.
Currency – GVIC can invest in equity and debt securities denominated in various currencies, the price of
which is determined with reference to such currencies. To the extent unhedged, the value of the net asset
will fluctuate with the U.S. dollar exchange rate as well as with price changes in the various local markets
and currencies. Thus, any change in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the currencies in which an
investment is denominated can magnify the effect of increases or decreases in the prices of the client’s
securities in their local markets. Currency forward contracts and over-the-counter options can be utilized
to hedge against any potential currency fluctuations. GVIC is not required to hedge and typically does not
use derivatives to hedge. There can be no assurance that any hedging transactions, even if undertaken,
will be effective.
Credit Risk – Credit risk typically applies to debt investments such as corporate, municipal, and sovereign
fixed income or bonds. A bond issuing entity can experience a credit event that could impair or erase the
value of an issuer’s securities held by a client.
Regulatory Restrictions – The investment strategies pursued by GVIC can be affected by state law, U.S.
federal law, and the laws of other applicable jurisdictions governing the securities in which clients invest,
which can inhibit GVIC’s ability to freely acquire and dispose of certain securities. Such regulations can
materially adversely affect the value of a client’s investment. Any changes to government regulations can
make some or all forms of investment strategies unlawful or impractical. Accordingly, such changes, if
any, could have an adverse effect on the achievement of a client’s investment objective.
Minority Investments; Third-Party Stakeholders – GVIC will primarily invest in minority positions
(generally less than 20 percent of the common stock outstanding) of companies and GVIC’s clients will
generally have no legal right to appoint a director or otherwise exert material influence or control over
the management of such companies. As a result, the value of a client’s investment will be based, in large
part, on the existing management, board of directors, and other stakeholders which have controlling
interests in such companies, and the interests of such third parties may not be aligned with, and could
conflict with, the interests of GVIC’s clients.
Notwithstanding the above risk disclosure, GVIC’s clients will own more than 20% of the outstanding
common stock of RMCF and have the authority to direct certain board appointments.
Investments in Early-Stage Companies – GVIC can invest in the securities of early-stage companies.
Investments in such early-stage companies can involve more uncertainty than investments in more
established companies. To the extent there is any public market for such securities, they can be subject to
more abrupt and erratic market price movements than those of larger, more established companies.
Early-stage companies tend to have fewer resources than more established companies and therefore are
often more vulnerable to financial failure. Such companies also have shorter operating histories on which
to judge future performance.
Early-stage companies with little or no operating history can require substantial additional capital to
support expansion or to achieve or maintain a competitive position and can produce substantial variations
in operating results or operate at a loss. Information relied upon by GVIC, such as documents filed with
the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, may not be available for early-stage companies
and, as a result, investment in such companies can have a higher degree of uncertainty.
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Margin Transactions – A securities transaction in which an investor borrows money to purchase a
security, and the security serves as collateral on the loan, is known as a margin transaction. If the value of
the collateralizing security drops sufficiently, the investor will be required to provide additional collateral
(usually by depositing more cash into the account) or sell a portion of the security position in order to
maintain the margin requirements of the account (this is known as a "margin call"). An investor's overall
risk includes the amount of money invested, the margin requirement associated with the security or
securities used as collateral, and the amount of money loaned to them.
Option Writing – GVIC from time to time engages in securities transactions that involve selling an option.
An option is a contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a particular
security at a specified price on or before the expiration date of the option. When an investor sells a call
option, he or she must deliver to the buyer a specified number of shares if the buyer exercises the option.
When an investor sells a put option, he or she must pay the strike price per share if the buyer exercises
the option and will receive the specified number of shares. The option writer/seller receives a premium
(the market price of the option at a particular time) in exchange for writing the option. Options are
complex investments and bear risk, especially if the investor does not own the underlying security. In
certain situations, an investor's risk can be unlimited.
GVIC can recommend investments in private funds or other less liquid investments as part of its strategy. These
investments can only be offered to clients that meet regulatory standards for investable assets or income, and
generally involve a higher level of uncertainty than traditional investments in equity and debt securities.
Clients’ investment programs can include investment techniques that involve significant uncertainty such as price
variability, illiquidity, management misstatements, issuer fraud, and portfolio concentration.
Although GVIC seeks to achieve the investment objectives and financial goals of its clients, past investment
performance does not guarantee future results, and GVIC is unable to make any guarantees to clients with respect
to avoiding monetary losses. GVIC can offer no guarantee or representation to any client that an investment
strategy will be successful, that the client will achieve a targeted rate of return, or that the client will realize a
positive investment return.
This is not a complete list of the investment strategies and risks involved when investing in the capital markets.
Investing in securities and other investment products involves inherent uncertainty, including the possible loss of
the total principal amount invested, which clients must be prepared to bear.
Clients who invest in mutual funds or exchange traded products should refer to the underlying fund’s prospectus
for additional disclosures.
Recommendation of Particular Types of Securities
GVIC recommends various types of securities, and we do not primarily recommend one type of security over
another, as each client has different investment objectives and risk tolerances. Each type of security has its own
unique set of risks; even within the same type of security, risks can vary widely. However, in very general terms,
the higher the anticipated return of an investment, the higher the risk of loss associated with the investment. A
description of the types of securities we may recommend to you and some of their inherent risks are provided
below.
Cash – We manage cash balances based on the yield and the financial soundness of money markets and
other short-term financial instruments. Cash and cash-like investments are highly liquid and bear little
principal or default risk.
Money Market Funds – A money market fund is technically a security. A money market fund manager
attempts to keep the share price constant at $1 per share, but there is no guarantee that the share price
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will stay at $1 per share. If the share price goes down, you can lose some or all of your principal. The
United States Securities and Exchange Commission notes that "While investor losses in money market
funds have been rare, they are possible." In return for this risk, you should earn a greater return on a
money market fund than you would expect from a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insured
savings account (money market funds are not FDIC insured). Money market fund rates are variable.
Because money market funds are considered to be safer than most other investments, long-term average
returns on money market funds tend to be less than long-term average returns on riskier investments.
Bonds – Corporate debt securities (also referred to as "bonds") are typically safer investments than equity
securities. Risks associated with investing in bonds can also vary widely based on the financial health of
the issuer, the risk that the issuer might default, and whether the bond can be "called" prior to maturity.
When a bond is called, it may not be possible to replace it with a bond of equal character paying the same
rate of interest.
Municipal Securities – Municipal securities, while generally thought of as safe, can have significant risks
associated with them including, but not limited to: the credit worthiness of the governmental entity that
issues the bond; the stability of the revenue stream that is used to pay the interest to the bondholders;
when the bond is due to mature; and, whether or not the bond can be "called" prior to maturity. When a
bond is called, it may not be possible to replace it with a bond of equal character paying the same amount
of interest or yield to maturity.
Stocks – There are numerous ways of measuring the risk of equity securities (also referred to as "equities"
or "stocks"). In very broad terms, the value of a stock depends on the financial health of the company
issuing it. However, stock prices can be affected by many other factors including, but not limited to, the
class of stock (for example, preferred stock or common stock), the health of the market sector of the
issuing company, and the overall health of the economy. In general, stock issued by larger, well-
established companies tends to present less risk than stock offered by smaller, less well-established
companies; however, the size of an issuer is not, in itself, an indicator of the safety of the investment.
Private Placements – A private placement (also referred to as a “nonpublic offering”) is an illiquid security
sold to qualified investors and is not publicly traded or registered with the United States Securities and
Exchange Commission. Private placements generally carry a higher degree of risk due to their lack of
liquidity. Most securities that are acquired in a private placement will be restricted securities that must be
held for an extended amount of time and cannot be sold easily. The risks associated with a private
placement are dependent on the nature of the security and are disclosed in the offering documents.
Options Contracts – Options are complex securities that involve risks and are not suitable for everyone.
Option trading can be speculative in nature and carry substantial risk of loss. It is generally recommended
that you only invest in options with risk capital. An option is a contract that gives the buyer the right, but
not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specific price on or before a certain date (the
"expiration date"). The two types of options are calls and puts:
A call option gives the holder the right to buy an asset at a certain price within a specific period of time.
Calls are similar to having a long position on a stock. Buyers of calls hope that the stock will increase
substantially before the option expires.
A put option gives the holder the right to sell an asset at a certain price within a specific period of time.
Puts are very similar to having a short position on a stock. Buyers of puts hope that the price of the stock
will fall before the option expires.
The option trading risks pertaining to options buyers are:
• Risk of losing your entire investment in a relatively short period of time.
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•
• Risk of losing your entire investment increases if, as expiration nears, the stock is below the strike
price of the call (for a call option) or if the stock is higher than the strike price of the put (for a
put option).
European style options, which do not have secondary markets on which to sell the options prior
to expiration, can only realize value upon expiration.
Specific exercise provisions of a specific option contract may create risks.
•
• Regulatory agencies may impose exercise restrictions, which stop you from realizing value.
The option trading risks pertaining to options sellers are:
• Options sold may be exercised at any time before expiration.
•
Covered call traders forgo the right to profit when the underlying stock rises above the strike
price of the call options sold, yet continue to risk a loss due to a decline in the underlying stock.
• Writers of naked calls risk unlimited losses if the underlying stock rises.
• Writers of naked puts risk substantial losses if the underlying stock drops.
• Writers of naked positions run margin risks if the position goes into significant losses. Such risks
may include liquidation by the broker.
• Writers of call options could lose more money than a short seller of that stock could on the same
rise on that underlying stock. This is an example of how the leverage in options can work against
the option trader.
• Writers of naked calls are obligated to deliver shares of the underlying stock if those call options
•
are exercised.
Call options can be exercised outside of market hours such that effective remedy actions cannot
be performed by the writer of those options.
• Writers of stock options are obligated under the options that they sell, even if a trading market is
•
not available or that they are unable to perform a closing transaction.
The value of the underlying stock may increase or decrease unexpectedly, leading to automatic
exercises.
Other option trading risks are:
The complexity of some option strategies is a significant risk on its own.
•
• Option trading exchanges or markets and option contracts themselves are open to changes at all
times.
• Options markets have the right to halt the trading of any options, thus preventing investors from
realizing value.
• Risk of erroneous reporting of exercise value.
•
•
If an options brokerage firm becomes insolvent, investors trading through that firm may be
affected.
Internationally traded options have special risks due to timing across borders.
Risks that are not specific to options trading include market risk, sector risk, and individual stock risk. Option
trading risks are closely related to stock risks, as stock options are a derivative of stocks.
Item 9. Disciplinary Information
We are required to disclose the facts of any legal or disciplinary events that are material to a client's evaluation of
our advisory business or the integrity of our management. We do not have any required disclosures under this
item.
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
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Arrangements with Affiliated Entities
We serve as the investment manager to GVP 2021-A, L.P., a private investment fund in which you may be solicited
to invest. We are affiliated through common control and ownership with GVP 2021-A L.L.C., the general partner of
GVP 2021-A, L.P. GVP 2021-A, L.P. is offered to sophisticated investors, who meet certain requirements under
applicable state and/or federal securities laws. Investors to whom GVP 2021-A, L.P. is offered will receive the
fund’s Governing Documents, as applicable. The fees charged by GVP 2021-A, L.P. are separate and distinct from
our advisory fees. You should refer to the Governing Documents of GVP 2021-A, L.P. for a complete description of
the fees, investment objectives, risks, and other relevant information associated with investing in GVP 2021-A, L.P.
Persons affiliated with our firm may have made an investment in GVP 2021-A, L.P. and may have an incentive to
recommend GVP 2021-A, L.P. over other investments.
GVP 2021-A, L.P. currently holds one security, Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory, Inc. (“RMCF”), listed on the
Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker RMCF. As indicated in the subscription documents signed by fund
investors, clients are not charged a management fee; however, pursuant to side letters entered into with each
fund investor, carried interest will be charged at the conclusion of the fund based on the fund’s performance. In
addition, the General Partner, not GVP 2021-A, L.P., will bear all ordinary operating expenses. It is possible
that investors in the fund could invest in RMCF and pay less than an investment in RMCF through GVP 2021-A, L.P.
Jeffrey R. Geygan, Executive Chairman, Chairman of the Board of Directors, and the controlling shareholder of
GVIC, is also a Director of RMCF, a role for which he receives compensation from RMCF. This creates a conflict of
interest because Jeffrey R. Geygan has an incentive to recommend investment in GVP 2021-A, L.P. To mitigate this
conflict, and in accordance with GVIC’s Code of Ethics, once he was appointed to the Board of Directors of RMCF,
Jeffrey R. Geygan was recused from any investment decisions made by GVIC relating to RMCF.
On November 26, 2024, GVIC entered into a letter agreement (the “Letter Agreement”) with RMCF and certain
other parties signatory thereto, pursuant to which GVIC was granted certain governance rights, including the right
to appoint a director, and mutually agree with RMCF upon the appointment of another director, to RMCF’s Board.
As a result of the foregoing, GVIC may be construed to exercise limited control over RMCF, and the outcome of
GVIC’s investment in RMCF may be partially dependent on GVIC’s decisions with respect to RMCF.
On December 17, 2025, GVIC entered into an amendment to the Letter Agreement amending GVIC’s
maximum ownership in the common stock of RMCF from 29.9% to 25.0% of the outstanding common stock.
On August 28, 2025, RMCF2 Credit, LLC, a special purpose investment entity affiliated with Jeffrey R. Geygan,
entered into a credit agreement with RMCF pursuant to which RMCF received an advance in the principal
amount of $1.2 million.
An investment in RMCF through an advisory account with GVIC is more liquid than a partnership interest in
GVP 2021-A, L.P. (that is, the securities are more accessible and subject to fewer restrictions), which can only
be redeemed with permission from the General Partner.
Referral arrangements with an affiliated entity present a conflict of interest for us because we may have a direct or
indirect financial incentive to recommend an affiliated firm’s services. You are under no obligation to use the
services of any firm we recommend or invest in any Fund we recommend, whether affiliated or otherwise, and
may obtain comparable services, investments, and/or lower costs elsewhere.
We have a wholly owned subsidiary, Global Value Research Company India Private Limited, with an office in
Hyderabad, India, which assists with our research and analysis. All research prepared by us or Global Value
Research Company India Private Limited is based on public information, is for informational purposes only, and is
not intended as an offer to sell or a solicitation to buy securities. We do not engage in, or receive compensation
from, any investment banking or corporate finance-related activities with the companies discussed in its reports.
Our research is used for internal purposes only.
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Associated Persons Serving as Directors of Public Companies
Our principals or employees, from time to time, serve on the boards of directors of companies in which client
funds are invested. Because these principals or employees are associated with us, and may have influence over
other principals or employees of us, a conflict of interest exists when we direct client funds to purchase shares of
any such company based on our recommendation. To mitigate this conflict, and in accordance with GVIC’s Code of
Ethics, when our principals or employees serve on the board of directors of a company in which client funds are
invested, these individuals are recused from any investment decisions relating to that company’s securities. GVIC’s
Chief Compliance Officer maintains records of investment meetings held by GVIC regarding such companies that
document such recusals.
On August 12, 2021, Jeffrey R. Geygan was appointed to the Board of Directors of Rocky Mountain Chocolate
Factory, Inc. (“RMCF”), listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker RMCF, a position for which he receives
compensation. We are affiliated through common control and ownership with GVP 2021-A L.L.C., the general
partner of GVP 2021-A, L.P., and serve as the investment adviser to GVP 2021-A, L.P., a private fund that invests
solely in RMCF.
On January 17, 2025, James P. Geygan was appointed to the Board of Directors of Fluent, Inc. (“FLNT”), listed on
The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC under the ticker FLNT, a position for which he receives compensation.
On June 22, 2026, Jeffrey R. Geygan was appointed to the Board of Directors of Loop Industries, Inc. (“LOOP”),
listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC under the ticker LOOP, a position for which he receives compensation.
A separate portfolio manager in GVIC supervises the investment research and analysis RMCF, and makes all
investment decisions relating to RMCF, including if and when to purchase or sell securities of RMCF, for client
accounts, without discussions with Jeffrey R. Geygan. All such decisions are made based upon the investment
objective and risk tolerance of each client's account, and in the best interest of each client. Furthermore, we have
internal procedures that restrict our employees or associated individuals from purchasing or selling the securities
of RMCF for their own account, or accounts in which they have a beneficial interest, based on material non-public
information they may receive as a result of Jeffrey R. Geygan’s relationship with RMCF.
Separate research analysts in GVIC supervise the investment research and analysis of FLNT, and make all
investment decisions relating to FLNT, including if and when to purchase or sell securities of FLNT, for client
accounts, without discussions with James P. Geygan. All such decisions are made based upon the investment
objective and risk tolerance of each client's account, and in the best interests of each client. Furthermore, we have
internal procedures that restrict our employees or associated individuals from purchasing or selling the securities
of FLNT for their own account, or accounts in which they have a beneficial interest, based on material non-public
information they may receive as a result of James P. Geygan’s relationship with FLNT.
A separate portfolio manager in GVIC supervises the investment research and analysis LOOP, and makes all
investment decisions relating to LOOP, including if and when to purchase or sell securities of LOOP, for client
accounts, without discussions with Jeffrey R. Geygan. All such decisions are made based upon the investment
objective and risk tolerance of each client's account, and in the best interest of each client. Furthermore, we have
internal procedures that restrict our employees or associated individuals from purchasing or selling the securities
of LOOP for their own account, or accounts in which they have a beneficial interest, based on material non-public
information they may receive as a result of Jeffrey R. Geygan’s relationship with LOOP.
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions, and Personal Trading
Description of Our Code of Ethics
We comply with applicable laws and regulations governing our practices. Our Code of Ethics includes guidelines for
professional standards of conduct for persons associated with our firm. Our goal is to protect your interests at all
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times and to demonstrate our commitment to our fiduciary duties of loyalty and care. All persons associated with
our firm are expected to adhere strictly to these guidelines. Persons associated with our firm are also required to
promptly report any violations of our Code of Ethics. Additionally, we maintain and enforce written policies
reasonably designed to prevent the misuse or dissemination of sensitive or confidential information about you or
your account holdings by persons associated with our firm. Clients or prospective clients may obtain a copy of our
Code of Ethics by contacting us at the telephone number on the cover page of this brochure.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
We are affiliated through common control and ownership with GVP 2021-A L.L.C., the general partner of GVP
2021-A, L.P., a private investment fund in which you may be solicited to invest. Our firm, certain members of its
management, and other knowledgeable employees may acquire, directly or indirectly, investment interests in GVP
2021-A, L.P. or have other financial interests in GVP 2021-A, L.P. This presents a conflict of interest because we
have investments in and/or are compensated by GVP 2021-A, L.P. Conflicts that arise are mitigated through our
fiduciary obligation to act in the best interest of our clients, contractual limitations that govern our activities as
investment manager or general partner, as applicable, and the requirement of us not to place our interests before
our clients’ interests when managing GVP 2021-A, L.P. If you are an investor in a Fund, refer to the Fund’s
Governing Documents for detailed disclosures regarding the Fund.
Jeffrey R. Geygan, Executive Chairman, Chairman of the Board of Directors, and the controlling shareholder of
GVIC, is separately compensated as a Director of Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory, Inc. (“RMCF”), a public
company in which you may be solicited to invest either directly or as an investor in a Fund with which we are
affiliated. While we endeavor at all times to put the interest of our clients ahead of our own as part of our fiduciary
duty, you should be aware that this situation may create a conflict of interest since Jeffrey R. Geygan has an
interest to recommend investing in RMCF given his management and/or ownership interest in RMCF. To mitigate
these conflicts, and in accordance with GVIC’s Code of Ethics, Jeffrey R. Geygan is recused from any investment
decisions relating to RMCF’s securities. GVIC’s Chief Compliance Officer maintains records of investment meetings
held by GVIC regarding RMCF that document such recusals.
James P. Geygan, Chief Executive Officer and President of GVIC, is separately compensated as a Director and of
Fluent, Inc. (“FLNT”), a public company in which you may be solicited to invest directly. While we endeavor at all
times to put the interest of our clients ahead of our own as part of our fiduciary duty, you should be aware that
this situation may create a conflict of interest since James P. Geygan has an interest to recommend investing in
FLNT given his management and/or ownership interest in FLNT. To mitigate these conflicts, and in accordance with
GVIC’s Code of Ethics, James P. Geygan is recused from any investment decisions relating to FLNT’s securities.
GVIC’s Chief Compliance Officer maintains records of investment meetings held by GVIC regarding FLNT that
document such recusals.
Jeffrey R. Geygan, Executive Chairman, Chairman of the Board of Directors, and the controlling shareholder of
GVIC, is separately compensated as a Director of Loop Industries, Inc. (“LOOP”), a public company in which you
may be solicited to invest directly. While we endeavor at all times to put the interest of our clients ahead of our
own as part of our fiduciary duty, you should be aware that this situation may create a conflict of interest since
Jeffrey R. Geygan has an interest to recommend investing in LOOP given his management and/or ownership
interest in LOOP. To mitigate these conflicts, and in accordance with GVIC’s Code of Ethics, Jeffrey R. Geygan is
recused from any investment decisions relating to LOOP’s securities. GVIC’s Chief Compliance Officer maintains
records of investment meetings held by GVIC regarding LOOP that document such recusals.
Personal Trading Practices
Our firm or persons associated with our firm may buy or sell the same securities that we recommend to you or
securities in which you are already invested. We may also combine our orders to purchase or sell securities with
your orders to purchase or sell securities (this practice is commonly referred to as "aggregated trading"). A conflict
of interest exists in such cases because we have the ability to trade ahead of you and potentially receive more
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favorable prices than you will receive. To mitigate this conflict of interest, we have developed a trade aggregation
policy designed to treat all accounts in a fair and equitable manner, and trade allocations are reviewed by the Chief
Compliance Officer. The Code of Ethics requires pre-approval of most transactions and restricts trading in close
proximity to client trading activity.
Item 12. Brokerage Practices
We do not maintain custody of your assets that we manage, although we may be deemed to have custody of your
assets if you give us authority to withdraw assets from your account (see Item 15. Custody). Your assets must be
maintained in an account at a “qualified custodian,” generally a broker-dealer or bank. We recommend that our
clients use Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., National Financial Services LLC, Interactive Brokers LLC, and Pershing LLC
(each a “Custodian” and together, “Custodians”).
We are independently owned and operated and are not affiliated with any Custodian. Custodians will hold your
assets in a brokerage account and buy and sell securities upon our instruction. While we recommend that you use
one of the Custodians indicated above, you will decide whether to do so and will open your account with a
Custodian by entering into an account agreement directly with that Custodian. Conflicts of interest associated with
this arrangement are described below. You should consider these conflicts of interest when selecting a Custodian.
We do not open an account for you, although we may assist you in doing so. Even though your account is
maintained at a Custodian, we can still use other brokers to execute trades for your account as described below.
We seek to recommend a Custodian that will hold your assets and execute transactions. When considering
whether the terms that a Custodian provides are, overall, most advantageous to you when compared with other
available providers and their services, we consider a wide range of factors, including:
•
•
•
Transaction execution services and asset custody services (generally without a separate fee for custody);
Capability to execute, clear, and settle trades (buy and sell securities for your account);
Capability to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers, check requests, bill
payments, etc.);
• Breadth of available investment products;
• Quality of services;
•
Competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, margin interest rates, other fees, etc.)
and willingness to negotiate the prices;
• Reputation, financial strength, security, and stability; and
•
Prior service to us and our clients.
Custodial costs, including commissions and other fees on trades, will not be charged for wrap fee program clients;
our firm will absorb most custodial costs. For non-wrap fee program clients, the Custodian generally does not
charge you separately for custody services but is compensated by charging certain commissions or other fees on
trades that it executes or that settle into your account. Certain trades (for example, many mutual funds, and U.S.
exchange-listed equities and exchange-traded funds) may not incur commissions or transaction fees. The
Custodian is also compensated by earning interest on the uninvested cash in your account.
We are not required to select a Custodian that charges the lowest transaction cost, even if a Custodian provides
execution quality comparable to other Custodians. Although we are not required to execute all trades through the
Custodian, we have determined that having the Custodian execute most trades is consistent with our duty to seek
“best execution” of your trades. Best execution means seeking the most favorable terms for a transaction based
on all relevant factors. By using another broker or dealer, you may pay lower transaction costs.
Typically, a Custodian provides us and our clients with access to their institutional brokerage services (trading,
custody, reporting, and related services), many of which are not typically available to retail customers. A Custodian
also makes available various support services. Some of those services help us manage or administer our clients’
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accounts, while others help us manage and grow our business. A Custodian’s support services are generally
available at no charge to us.
Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits
We do not have any soft dollar arrangements.
Economic Benefits
As a registered investment adviser, we have access to the institutional platform of your Custodian and many other
investment and trading resources not generally available to retail investors. We will also have access to research
products and services from your Custodian and/or other brokerage firms. These products may include financial
publications, information about particular companies and industries, research software, trading platforms, and
other products or services that provide lawful and appropriate assistance to our firm in the performance of our
investment decision-making responsibilities. Such research products and services are provided to all investment
advisers that utilize the institutional services platforms of these firms and are not considered to be paid for with
soft dollars. However, you should be aware that the commissions charged by a particular broker for a particular
transaction or set of transactions may be greater than the amounts another broker who did not provide research
services or products might charge.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
We do not receive client referrals from broker-dealers in exchange for cash or other compensation, such as
brokerage services or research.
Directed Brokerage
We routinely require that you direct our firm to execute transactions through Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., National
Financial Services LLC, Interactive Brokers LLC, and/or Pershing LLC. As such, we may be unable to achieve the
most favorable execution of your transactions, and you may pay higher brokerage commissions than you might
otherwise pay through another broker-dealer that offers the same types of services.
Recommendation of Prime Broker
In some circumstances, where a client has not previously made custodial arrangements, we may suggest that the
client use a particular broker-dealer to act as custodian for the funds and securities we manage. In those cases, we
generally only recommend broker-dealers capable of acting as a "prime broker." Under "prime broker"
arrangements, the firm may, on a transaction-by-transaction basis, either use the "prime broker"/custodian or
select other broker-dealers, who will execute transactions for settlement into the client's "prime brokerage"
account. In making suggestions as to "prime broker"/custodians, we will consider, among other things, the
clearance and settlement capabilities of the broker-dealer where other broker-dealers execute transactions, the
broker-dealer's ability to provide effective and efficient reporting to the client and our firm, the broker-dealer's
reliability and financial stability, and the likelihood that the broker-dealer will often be chosen as executing broker-
dealer on the basis of the considerations described above, including the prospects that the broker-dealer will
provide valuable research services and products.
Aggregated Trades
We combine multiple orders for the same securities purchased and sold for discretionary advisory accounts we
manage (this practice is commonly referred to as "aggregated trading"). We then distribute a portion of the
securities to participating accounts in a fair and equitable manner, in accordance with our trade aggregation
policy. In most cases, each participating account pays an average price for its allocation of securities. When
transaction costs are assessed, each account pays the lower of (a) the transaction cost that the account would
22
have incurred had the trade been placed directly in the account, or (b) the account’s proportionate share of any
transaction costs associated with the given transaction. In the event an order is only partially filled, the transaction
is allocated to participating accounts in a fair and equitable manner, typically based on the account’s cash
allocation immediately prior to the trade. Accounts owned by our firm or persons associated with our firm may
participate in aggregated trading with your accounts; however, they will not be given preferential treatment.
We combine multiple orders for shares of the same securities purchased for discretionary accounts; however, we
do not combine orders for non-discretionary accounts. Accordingly, non-discretionary accounts may pay different
costs than discretionary accounts pay. If you enter into non-discretionary arrangements with our firm, we may not
be able to buy and sell the same quantities of securities for you and you may pay higher commissions, fees, and/or
transaction costs than clients who enter into discretionary arrangements with our firm.
Mutual Fund Share Classes
Mutual funds are sold with different share classes, each of which carries different cost structures. Each available
share class is described in the mutual fund's prospectus. When we purchase, or recommend the purchase of,
mutual funds for a client, we select the share class that is deemed to be in the client’s best interest, taking into
consideration the availability of advisory, institutional, or retirement plan share classes, initial and ongoing share
class costs, transaction costs (if any), tax implications, cost basis, and other factors. We also review the mutual
funds held in accounts that come under our management to determine whether a more beneficial share class is
available, considering cost, tax implications, and the impact of contingent or deferred sales charges. Under no
circumstance does GVIC participate in or benefit from expenses charged by a mutual fund.
23
Item 13. Review of Accounts
Investment management services involve periodic monitoring and review of portfolio holdings. GVIC’s policy
generally entails quarterly internal reviews, however, these reviews can occur more or less frequently, depending
on the underlying assets in the portfolios or as requested by you. Such reviews are conducted by our portfolio
managers and research analysts.
GVIC will review investment results, asset allocations, client investment objectives, and other variables that have
been identified during the client engagement. You are encouraged to notify GVIC immediately of any changes in
your financial status or change in your investment objectives. Other factors that can trigger an additional review
include, but are not limited to, unusual industry developments, changes in the state of the economy, the
complexity of an individual client portfolio, changes in a client's situation including investment goals, financial
position, tax considerations, or individual investment developments, (i.e., marriage, divorce, death, a change in
employment, the birth of a child, retirement). We encourage periodic personal meetings or telephone meetings to
review investment results and strategies.
You will receive trade confirmations and monthly or quarterly statements from your Custodian. GVIC prepares
periodic reports for client review. You are advised to review statements and confirmations received from your
Custodian for accuracy, and to the extent we provide reports you are also advised to compare GVIC-prepared
materials to those provided by your Custodian.
GVIC prepares periodic reports for use by registered investment advisers that have retained GVIC to provide sub-
advisory services, but the Investment Manager servicing each account provides account reporting to clients.
GVIC prepares periodic reports for use by registered investment advisers that have retained GVIC to provide third-
party advisory services, and their clients. The Sponsor generally acts as the primary point of communication for
clients, although GVIC may provide periodic reports directly to the client, if requested by the Sponsor.
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation
We do not receive any compensation from any third party in connection with providing investment advice to you,
nor do we compensate any individual or firm for client referrals.
Refer to Item 12. Brokerage Practices for disclosures on research and other benefits we may receive as a result of
our relationship with your Custodian.
Item 15. Custody
Your Custodian will directly debit your account for the payment of our advisory fees. This ability to deduct our
advisory fees from your account causes our firm to exercise limited custody over your funds or securities. We do
not have physical custody of any of your funds and/or securities. Your funds and securities will be held with a bank,
broker-dealer, or other qualified custodian. You will receive account statements from the qualified custodian
holding your funds and securities at least quarterly. The account statements from your Custodian will indicate the
amount of our advisory fees deducted from your account each billing period. You should carefully review account
statements for accuracy.
We are not affiliated with a Custodian. The Custodian does not supervise our firm, its agents, or activities.
Private Investment Funds
We serve as the investment manager to GVP 2021-A, L.P., a private investment fund in which you may be solicited
to invest. We are affiliated through common control and ownership with GVP 2021-A L.L.C., the general partner of
GVP 2021-A, L.P. GVP 2021-A, L.P. is offered to sophisticated investors, who meet certain requirements under
24
applicable state and/or federal securities laws. Investors to whom GVP 2021-A, L.P. is offered will receive the
fund’s Governing Documents, as applicable. In our capacity as investment adviser, and as a result of our affiliation
with GVP 2021-A L.L.C., we have access to GVP 2021-A, L.P.'s funds and securities, and therefore have custody over
such funds and securities. We provide each investor in GVP 2021-A, L.P. with audited annual financial statements.
If you are an investor in GVP 2021-A, L.P. and have questions regarding the financial statements, or if you did not
receive a copy, contact GVIC directly at the telephone number on the cover page of this brochure.
Trustee Services
Individuals associated with GVIC may serve as trustee to certain accounts for which we provide investment
advisory services. These associated persons’ capacity as trustee would give GVIC custody over the advisory
accounts for which the individual serves as trustee. These accounts are held with a bank, broker-dealer, or other
qualified custodian. If GVIC or any person associated with GVIC acts as trustee for any of your advisory accounts,
you will receive account statements from the qualified custodian holding your funds and securities at least
quarterly. You should carefully review account statements for accuracy.
Pursuant to Rule 206(4)-2(a)(4) of the Investment Advisors Act of 1940, as amended, in the event that GVIC serves
as trustee, your funds and securities are verified by actual examination at least one during each calendar year, by
an independent public accountant, pursuant to a written agreement between GVIC and the accountant, at a time
that is chosen by the accountant without prior notice or announcement to GVIC and that is irregular from year to
year.
Standing Letter of Authorization
Our firm, or persons associated with our firm, may effect wire transfers, or otherwise transfer funds, from client
accounts to one or more third parties designated, in writing, by the client without obtaining written client consent
for each separate, individual transaction, as long as the client has provided us with written authorization to do so.
Such written authorization is known as a Standing Letter of Authorization. An adviser with authority to conduct
such third-party wire transfers has access to the client's assets and therefore has custody of the client's assets in
any related accounts.
However, we do not have to obtain a surprise annual audit, as we otherwise would be required to by reason of
having custody, as long as we meet the following criteria:
1. You provide a written, signed instruction to the qualified custodian that includes the third party’s name
and address or account number at a custodian;
2. You authorize us in writing to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or from
time to time;
3. Your qualified custodian verifies your authorization (e.g., signature review) and provides a transfer of
funds notice to you promptly after each transfer;
4. You can terminate or change the instruction;
5. We have no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the third party, the address, or any
other information about the third party;
6. We maintain records showing that the third party is not a related party to us nor located at the same
address as us; and
7. Your qualified custodian sends you, in writing, an initial notice confirming the instruction and an annual
notice reconfirming the instruction.
We hereby confirm that we meet the above criteria.
Item 16. Investment Discretion
25
Before we can buy or sell securities on your behalf, you must first sign our investment management services
agreement and the appropriate trading authorization forms.
You may grant our firm discretion over the selection and amount of securities to be purchased or sold for your
account without obtaining your consent or approval prior to each transaction. You may specify investment
objectives, guidelines, and/or impose certain conditions or investment parameters for your account. For example,
you may specify that the investment in any particular stock or industry should not exceed specified percentages of
the value of the portfolio and/or restrictions or prohibitions of transactions in the securities of a specific industry
or security. Refer to Item 4. Advisory Business in this brochure for more information on our discretionary
investment management services.
Item 17. Voting Client Securities
Our clients have the option of retaining their proxy voting rights or authorizing GVIC to exercise proxy voting rights
on their behalf. If these rights are retained by the client, GVIC will not take independent action to vote proxies.
However, when requested, we can assist clients with questions regarding proxies and proxy voting procedures.
Clients will receive their proxies or other solicitations directly from their Custodian or a transfer agent.
Clients opting to retain GVIC to vote proxies will opt into such request via the investment management services
agreement. Upon execution, we will assume all proxy voting duties on your behalf. You can obtain a copy of GVIC’s
complete proxy voting policies and procedures upon request. You may also obtain information about how GVIC
voted any proxies on behalf of your account.
Proxy votes generally will be cast in favor of proposals that maintain or strengthen the shared interests of
shareholders and management, increase shareholder value, maintain or increase shareholder influence over the
issuer's board of directors and management, and maintain or increase the rights of shareholders. Generally, proxy
votes will be cast against proposals having the opposite effect. However, we will consider options presented with
respect to each proxy issue.
In the event you wish to direct our firm on voting a particular proxy, you should contact our office at the telephone
number on the cover page of this brochure with your instructions.
Conflicts of interest between you and our firm, or a principal of our firm regarding certain proxy issues, could arise.
If we determine that a material conflict of interest exists, we will take the necessary steps to resolve the conflict
before voting the proxies. For example, we may disclose the existence and nature of the conflict to you, and seek
direction from you as to how to vote on a particular issue; we may abstain from voting, particularly if there are
conflicting interests for you (for example, where your account holds different securities in a competitive merger
situation); or, we will take other necessary steps designed to ensure that a decision to vote is in your best interest
and was not the product of the conflict.
Item 18. Financial Information
GVIC has neither been the subject of a bankruptcy petition, nor does it have a financial commitment that impairs
its ability to meet contractual and fiduciary commitments to clients.
Item 19. Requirements for State-Registered Advisers
GVIC is a federally registered investment adviser; therefore, we are not required to respond to this item.
Item 20. Additional Information
Trade Errors
26
In the event a trading error occurs in your account, our policy is to restore your account to the position it should
have been in had the trading error not occurred. Depending on the circumstances, corrective actions may include
canceling the trade, adjusting an allocation, and/or reimbursing the account.
27
Additional Brochure: GLOBAL VALUE INVESTMENT CORPORATION WRAP FEE BROCHURE 03.20.26 (2026-07-23)
View Document Text
GLOBAL
VALUE
INVESTMENT
CORP.
1433 N Water Street, Suite 400
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Phone: (262) 478-0640
www.gvi-corp.com
July 21, 2026
FORM ADV PART 2A – APPENDIX 1
WRAP FEE PROGRAM BROCHURE
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Global Value Investment
Corporation. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, contact us at (262) 478-0640. The
information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about Global Value Investment Corporation is available on the SEC's website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Global Value Investment Corporation is a registered investment adviser. Registration with the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission or any state securities authority does not imply a certain level of skill or
training.
Item 2. Summary of Material Changes
Form ADV Part 2A – Appendix 1 requires registered investment advisers to amend their brochure when
information becomes materially inaccurate. If there are any material changes to an adviser's disclosure brochure,
the adviser is required to notify you and provide you with a description of the material changes.
Since the filing of our last annual updating amendment, dated March 20, 2026, we have made the following
changes to our Form ADV Part 2A – Appendix 1:
Loop Industries, Inc. Board of Directors Appointment
On June 22, 2026, Jeffrey R. Geygan, Executive Chairman, Chairman of the Board of Directors, and the controlling
shareholder of GVIC, was appointed to the Board of Directors of Loop Industries, Inc., a public company, as an
Independent Director. Separate research analysts in GVIC supervise the investment research an analysis of LOOP,
and make all investment decisions relating to LOOP, including if and when to purchase or sell securities of the
company, for client accounts, without discussions with Jeffrey R. Geygan. All such decisions are made based on the
investment objective and risk tolerance of each client’s account, and in the best interest of each client.
Item 9 has been updated to disclosure that Jeffrey R. Geygan, Executive Chairman, Chairman of the Board of
Directors, and the controlling shareholder of GVIC, became a member of the Board of Directors of Loop Industries,
Inc., a public company, and a conflict of interest exists because of this relationship.
Item 9 has also been updated to disclose (a) conflicts related to Jeffrey R. Geygan, and potentially other individuals
associated with our firm; (b) conflicts related to participation and interest in client transactions; and (c) our
personal trading policies that are in place to mitigate conflicts.
Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory, Inc. Interim Chief Executive Officer Resignation
On June 26, 2026, Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory, Inc. (“RMCF”) disclosed that on June 21, 2026, Jeffrey R.
Geygan notified the Board of Directors of RMCF of his resignation as Interim Chief Executive Officer of RMCF,
effective June 26, 2026. Jeffrey R. Geygan remains a member of the Board of Directors of RMCF.
On June 29, 2026, Jeffrey R. Geygan’s leave of absence from Global Value Investment Corporation (“GVIC”), which
began on May 14, 2024, concluded, and Jeffrey R. Geygan assumed the role of Executive Chairman of GVIC. James
P. Geygan continues to serve as the Chief Executive Officer and President of GVIC. Jeffrey R. Geygan remains the
controlling shareholder of GVIC and continues serving as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of GVIC.
Our Form ADV Part 2A – Appendix 1 has been updated to reflect Jeffrey R. Geygan’s title of Executive Chairman.
Jeffrey R. Geygan remains the controlling shareholder of GVIC and continues serving as the Chairman of the Board
of Directors of GVIC.
Item 9 has been updated to disclose that Jeffrey R. Geygan, Executive Chairman, Chairman of the Board of
Directors, and the controlling shareholder of GVIC, is no longer the Interim Chief Executive Officer, but remains a
director of, Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory, Inc., a public company, and a conflict of interest exists because of
this relationship.
Item 9 has also been updated to disclose (a) conflicts related to Jeffrey R. Geygan, and potentially other individuals
associated with our firm; (b) conflicts related to participation and interest in client transactions; and (c) our
personal trading policies that are in place to mitigate conflicts.
2
Item 3. Table of Contents
Item 2. Summary of Material Changes ...........................................................................................................................2
Item 3. Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................4
Item 4. Services, Fees, and Compensation .....................................................................................................................5
Item 5. Account Requirements and Types of Clients ................................................................................................... 10
Item 6. Portfolio Manager Selection and Evaluation ................................................................................................... 10
Item 7. Client Information Provided to Portfolio Managers ........................................................................................ 18
Item 8. Client Contact with Portfolio Managers .......................................................................................................... 18
Item 9. Additional Information .................................................................................................................................... 18
Item 10. Requirements for State-Registered Advisers ................................................................................................ 25
3
Item 4. Services, Fees, and Compensation
Description of Firm
Global Value Investment Corporation (“GVIC”) is a Delaware corporation offering investment research and
advisory services to a variety of clients. GVIC began offering investment research and advisory services in 2007.
Jeffrey R. Geygan, Executive Chairman and Chairman of the Board of Directors, is the controlling shareholder.
James P. Geygan serves as the Chief Executive Officer and President. The firm is headquartered in Milwaukee,
Wisconsin.
The following paragraphs describe our services and fees. Refer to the description of each investment advisory
service listed below for information on how we tailor our investment advisory services to your individual needs. As
used in this brochure, the words "we," "our," and "us" refer to GVIC, and the words "you," "your," and "client"
refer to you as either a client or prospective client of our firm.
We offer investment management services through a wrap fee program (the "Program") as described in this wrap
fee program brochure to prospective and existing clients. We are the portfolio manager to, and sponsor of, the
Program. A wrap fee program is a type of investment program that provides you with access to our investment
management services for a single fee that includes administrative fees, management fees, and commissions. If you
participate in the Program, you will pay our firm a single fee, which includes our investment management fees,
certain transaction costs, and custodial and administrative costs. You are not charged separate fees for the
respective components of the total services, except as detailed in this Form ADV Part 2A – Appendix 1. The overall
cost you will incur if you participate in the Program may be higher or lower than you might incur by separately
purchasing the types of securities available in the Program.
Prior to becoming a client under the Program, you will be required to enter into a separate written agreement with
us that sets forth the terms and conditions of the engagement and describes the scope of the services to be
provided, and the fees to be paid.
Investment Management Services
We offer discretionary investment management services to high-net-worth individuals and other retail clients. We
begin by conducting a complimentary initial consultation, during which pertinent information about your financial
circumstances, goals, and objectives is collected. The information collection process typically addresses present
and anticipated assets and liabilities, including investments, savings, and retirement or other employee or
employer benefits. The primary objective of this process is for us to assist you in developing a strategy for the
successful management of income, assets, and liabilities to meet your financial goals and objectives. Once your
financial circumstances are determined, a portfolio is established and the investments within the portfolio are
managed according to one or more investment strategies developed by our firm. These investment strategies are
designed for clients with varying degrees of risk tolerance ranging from conservative to aggressive. Clients whose
assets are invested in such investment strategies may set restrictions on the specific types of securities, holdings,
or allocations within the strategy; in such cases, this may prevent a client from investing in certain investment
strategies that are offered by GVIC.
Our investment management services require you to grant our firm discretionary authority to manage your
account. Discretionary authorization will allow us to determine the specific securities, and the amount of
securities, to be purchased or sold for your account without your approval prior to each transaction. Discretionary
authority is typically granted by the investment management services agreement you sign with our firm and any
applicable trading authorization documents.
Assets for Program accounts are held at Charles Schwab & Co., member FINRA/SIPC, an unaffiliated SEC-registered
broker-dealer, as custodian (the “Qualified Custodian”). The Qualified Custodian also acts as an executing
4
broker/dealer for most transactions placed in Program accounts and provides other administrative services as
described throughout this brochure.
To compare the cost of the Program with non-wrap fee investment management services, you should consider the
frequency of trading activity associated with our investment strategies and the brokerage commissions charged
by the Qualified Custodian, and the advisory fees charged by investment advisers.
Changes in Your Financial Circumstances
In providing the contracted services, we are not required to verify any information we receive from you or from
your other professionals (e.g., attorney, accountant, etc.) and we are expressly authorized to rely on the
information you provide. Furthermore, unless you indicate to the contrary, we shall assume that there are no
restrictions on our services, other than to manage your account in accordance with your designated investment
objectives, risk tolerance, and time horizon. It is your responsibility to promptly notify us if there are ever any
changes in your financial situation, investment objectives, risk tolerance, or time horizon for the purpose of
reviewing, evaluating, and/or revising our previous recommendations and services.
Investment Management Services Fee
We charge an annual "wrap fee" for participation in the Program based on a percentage of the assets in your
account. You are not charged separate fees for the different components of the services provided by the Program,
except as detailed in this Brochure (Form ADV Part 2A – Appendix 1). Our firm pays all trading commissions and
custodial fees for trades placed on your behalf, except as detailed in this Brochure (Form ADV Part 2A – Appendix
1). Our Program fee includes our fee for management of your assets and the Qualified Custodian’s transaction or
execution costs. Assets in your accounts are included in the fee assessment unless specifically identified in writing
for exclusion. In special circumstances, and in our sole discretion, we may negotiate a lesser management fee
based upon certain criteria (i.e., anticipated future earning capacity, dollar amount of assets to be managed,
related accounts, account composition, pre-existing client relationship, account retention, etc.).
Our fee for investment management services is based on a percentage of the assets in your account and is set
forth in the following annual fee schedule and break points. This fee schedule is negotiable.
TIERED FEE SCHEDULE
Account Value
Annual Fee
$0
-
$500,000
1.50%
$500,000
-
$1,000,000
1.25%
$1,000,000
-
$5,000,000
1.00%
$5,000,000+
0.75%
Our annual investment management fee is billed and payable quarterly, in advance, based on the market value of
the assets in your account at the beginning of each billing period, including any cash or cash-equivalent securities.
If the investment management services agreement is executed at any time other than the first day of a calendar
quarter, our fees will apply on a pro-rata basis, which means that the advisory fee is payable in proportion to the
number of days remaining in the quarter for which you are a client. Assets exceeding $20,000 deposited into your
account during any quarter will be charged a prorated quarterly fee based upon the number of days remaining in
the quarter. No adjustment shall be made to the quarterly fees for changes in the market value of securities held in
your account during the calendar quarter. A pro-rata fee refund shall be made if assets valued at $20,000 or more
5
are withdrawn from your account during the quarter. We may amend these fees by providing 30 days’ advance
notice.
At our discretion, we may combine the account values of family members living in the same household, or other
related account owners, to determine the applicable advisory fee based on asset break points as listed above. For
example, we may combine account values for you and your minor children, joint accounts with your spouse, and
other types of related accounts. Combining account values may increase the asset total, which may result in you
paying a reduced advisory fee based on the available break points in our fee schedule listed above.
As a client, you should be aware that the wrap fee charged by our firm may be higher or lower than those charged
by others in the industry, and that it may be possible to obtain the same or similar services from other firms at
lower or higher rates. A client may be able to obtain some or all the types of services available through the
Program on an individual basis through other firms and, depending on the circumstances, the aggregate of any
separately paid fees may be lower or higher than the annual fees shown above.
Performance-Based Fees
We do not charge performance fees on assets in the Program.
Withdrawal of Assets
You may withdraw account assets by providing notice to our firm in accordance with the terms of the investment
management services agreement executed in connection with participation in the Program (the “Agreement”), and
subject to the usual and customary securities settlement procedures. However, we design our portfolios as long-
term investments, and asset withdrawals may impair the achievement of your specific investment objectives.
Payment of Fees
We will deduct our fee directly from your account through the Qualified Custodian. We will deduct our advisory
fee only after you have given our firm written authorization permitting the fees to be paid directly from your
account as detailed in the Agreement. Further, the Qualified Custodian will deliver an account statement to you at
least quarterly. These account statements will show all disbursements from your account. You should review all
statements for accuracy.
Termination of Advisory Relationship
You may terminate the Agreement by providing 30 days' written notice to our firm. You will incur a pro-rata charge
for services rendered prior to the termination of the Agreement, which means you will incur advisory fees only in
proportion to the number of days in the quarter for which you are a client. If you have pre-paid advisory fees that
we have not yet earned, you will receive a prorated refund of those unearned fees.
Upon termination of accounts held at the Qualified Custodian, the Qualified Custodian will deliver securities and
funds held in the account per your instructions unless you request that the account be liquidated. After the
Agreement has been terminated, transactions are processed at the prevailing brokerage rates/fees. You become
responsible for monitoring your own assets and our firm has no further obligation to act upon or to provide advice
with respect to those assets.
Wrap Fee Program Disclosures
•
The benefits under a wrap fee program depend, in part, upon the size of the account, the management
fee charged, and the number of transactions likely to be generated in the account. For example, a wrap
fee program may not be suitable for accounts with little trading activity. To evaluate whether the Program
is suitable for you, you should compare the Program fee and any other costs of the Program with the
6
•
amounts that would be charged by other advisers, broker-dealers, and custodians, for advisory fees,
brokerage and other execution costs, and custodial services comparable to those provided under the
Program.
In considering the investment programs described in this brochure, you should be aware that
participating in a wrap fee program may cost more or less than the cost of purchasing advisory,
brokerage, and custodial services separately from other advisers or broker-dealers.
• Our firm and associated persons receive compensation as a result of your participation in the Program.
•
This compensation may be more than the amount our firm or the associated persons would receive if you
paid separately for investment advice, brokerage, and other services. Accordingly, a conflict of interest
exists because our firm and the associated persons have a financial incentive to recommend the Program.
Similar advisory services may be available from other registered investment advisers for lower fees.
Additional Fees and Expenses
The Program fee includes the costs of all transaction fees, charges, or other expenses relating to transactions
executed for the account, including charges relating to the settlement, clearance, or custody of securities in the
account. The Program fee does not include charges for services provided by GVIC or its affiliates which are outside
the scope of the Program (e.g., retirement plan administration fees, trustee fees, wire transfer fees, etc.); any
taxes or fees imposed by exchanges or regulatory bodies; markups or markdowns charged on principal trades;
dealer spreads; fees for holding American depository receipts (ADRs); or interest, taxes, or other costs, such as
national securities exchange fees. The account will be responsible for these additional fees and expenses.
The Program fees that you pay to our firm for investment management services are separate and distinct from the
fees and expenses charged by mutual funds or exchange traded funds (described in each fund's prospectus) to
their shareholders. These fees will generally include a management fee and other fund expenses. To fully
understand the total cost you will incur, you should review all the fees charged by mutual funds, exchange traded
funds, our firm, the Qualified Custodian, and others.
Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits
We do not have any soft dollar arrangements.
Economic Benefits
As a registered investment adviser, we have access to the institutional platform of the Qualified Custodian and
many other investment and trading resources not generally available to retail investors. We will also have access
to research products and services from the Qualified Custodian and/or other brokerage firms. These products may
include financial publications, information about particular companies and industries, research software, trading
platforms, and other products or services that provide lawful and appropriate assistance to our firm in the
performance of our investment decision-making responsibilities. Such research products and services are provided
to all investment advisers that utilize the institutional services platforms of these firms and are not considered to
be paid for with soft dollars. However, you should be aware that the commissions charged by a particular broker
for a particular transaction or set of transactions may be greater than the amounts another broker who did not
provide research services or products might charge.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
We do not receive client referrals from broker-dealers in exchange for cash or other compensation, such as
brokerage services or research.
Directed Brokerage
7
If you participate in the Program, you will be required to establish an account with the Qualified Custodian. We
routinely require that you direct our firm to execute transactions through the Qualified Custodian. As such, we
may be unable to achieve the most favorable execution of your transactions, and you may pay higher brokerage
commissions than you might otherwise pay through another broker-dealer that offers the same types of services.
Recommendation of Prime Broker
In some circumstances, where a client has not previously made custodial arrangements, we may suggest that the
client use a particular broker-dealer to act as custodian for the funds and securities we manage. In those cases, we
generally only recommend broker-dealers capable of acting as a "prime broker." Under "prime broker"
arrangements, the firm may, on a transaction-by-transaction basis, either use the "prime broker"/custodian or
select other broker-dealers, who will execute transactions for settlement into the client's "prime brokerage"
account. In making suggestions as to "prime broker"/custodians, we will consider, among other things, the
clearance and settlement capabilities of the broker-dealer where other broker-dealers execute transactions, the
broker-dealer's ability to provide effective and efficient reporting to the client and our firm, the broker-dealer's
reliability and financial stability, and the likelihood that the broker-dealer will often be chosen as executing broker-
dealer on the basis of the considerations described above, including the prospects that the broker-dealer will
provide valuable research services and products.
Aggregated Trades
We combine multiple orders for the same securities purchased and sold for discretionary advisory accounts we
manage (this practice is commonly referred to as "aggregated trading"). We then distribute a portion of the
securities to participating accounts in a fair and equitable manner, in accordance with our trade aggregation
policy. In most cases, each participating account pays an average price for its allocation of securities. When
transaction costs are assessed, each account pays the lower of (a) the transaction cost that the account would
have incurred had the trade been placed directly in the account, or (b) the account’s proportionate share of any
transaction costs associated with the given transaction. In the event an order is only partially filled, the transaction
is allocated to participating accounts in a fair and equitable manner, typically based on the account’s cash
allocation immediately prior to the trade. Accounts owned by our firm or persons associated with our firm may
participate in aggregated trading with your accounts; however, they will not be given preferential treatment.
We combine multiple orders for shares of the same securities purchased for discretionary accounts; however, we
do not combine orders for non-discretionary accounts. Accordingly, non-discretionary accounts may pay different
costs than discretionary accounts pay. If you enter into non-discretionary arrangements with our firm, we may not
be able to buy and sell the same quantities of securities for you and you may pay higher commissions, fees, and/or
transaction costs than clients who enter into discretionary arrangements with our firm.
Mutual Fund Share Classes
Mutual funds are sold with different share classes, each of which carries different cost structures. Each available
share class is described in the mutual fund's prospectus. When we purchase, or recommend the purchase of,
mutual funds for a client, we select the share class that is deemed to be in the client’s best interest, taking into
consideration the availability of advisory, institutional, or retirement plan share classes, initial and ongoing share
class costs, transaction costs (if any), tax implications, cost basis, and other factors. We also review the mutual
funds held in accounts that come under our management to determine whether a more beneficial share class is
available, considering cost, tax implications, and the impact of contingent or deferred sales charges. Under no
circumstance does GVIC participate in or benefit from expenses charged by a mutual fund.
Item 5. Account Requirements and Types of Clients
We offer investment management services to individuals (other than high-net-worth individuals), high-net-worth
individuals, pooled investment vehicles (other than investment companies and business development companies),
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pension and profit-sharing plans (but not the plan participants or government pension plans), charitable
organizations, other investment advisers, and corporations or other businesses not listed above.
In general, we require a minimum of $1,000,000 under our management to open and maintain an investment
management relationship. At our discretion, we may waive this minimum relationship size requirement.
In general, we require a minimum of $5,000,000 under our management to offer sub-advisory services or third-
party advisory services to registered investment advisers. At our discretion, we may waive this minimum
relationship size requirement.
We may also combine account values for you and your minor children, joint accounts with your spouse, and other
types of related accounts to meet the stated minimum.
Item 6. Portfolio Manager Selection and Evaluation
We are the portfolio manager to, and sponsor of, the Program. Refer to Item 4. Services, Fees, and Compensation
for additional disclosures on costs associated with your participation in the Program.
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Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
GVIC uses the methods of analysis described below when making recommendations for clients. This, however,
should not be understood to limit in any way GVIC's investment activities. GVIC can offer any advisory services,
engage in any investment strategy, and make any investment, including any not described in this brochure, that
GVIC considers appropriate, subject to each client's investment objectives and guidelines.
Fundamental Analysis – Fundamental analysis involves evaluation of an issuer’s financial condition and
competitive position. GVIC analyzes an issuer's financial condition, assets, liabilities, earnings
characteristics and capacity, products and services, the capabilities of management, and its position
among competitors and in its respective industry.
GVIC incorporates a wide variety of informational sources in its analysis. Security analysis typically begins
with examination of an issuer’s regulatory filings with the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission (or similar filing with equivalent regulatory bodies in an issuer’s respective jurisdiction),
including Form 10-Q, Form 10-K, Form 8-K, Form 6-K, Form 20-F, Schedule 14A, or other offering
documents or memoranda filed by the issuer, as well as Schedule 13D, Schedule 13D, Form 3, Form 4,
Form 5, or other ownership disclosures, financial publications, newspapers and magazines, research
materials prepared by others, corporate/credit rating services reports, annual reports, and other sources.
GVIC may purchase various sources of research and information or use sources or information that have
been developed over years of experience and practice that constitute a portion of GVIC’s intellectual
property and proprietary knowledge. All research material is proprietary and not available to the public or
offered for sale to any other entity.
Fundamental analysis is generally understood to concentrate on factors that determine a company’s
current value and projected future value, based on financial estimates. This method of analysis normally
encourages equity and debt investments in companies that are undervalued or priced below their
perceived value. Uncertainty arises in this analytical methodology when the public market value of a
security does not align with GVIC’s assessment of the value of that security.
GVIC’s investment strategies necessarily entail uncertainties that are inherent when investing in an uncertain
world. GVIC invests in and trades securities and other financial instruments for clients using strategies and
investment techniques that are subject to various uncertainties, including some amount of company leverage and
the potential illiquidity of a company’s security. GVIC clients must be prepared to bear the possibility of capital
losses and extended periods of market price variability. GVIC applies this method of analysis by focusing on the
following investment strategies:
Short-Term and Long-Term Strategies – Long-term investment strategies involve holding securities for a
period of at least one year. Short-term investment strategies involve holding securities for a period of less
than one year. When implementing long-term investment strategies, GVIC believes that the price of a
security will be higher in the future than at the time of purchase, and that price appreciation will occur
over a period of more than one year. The appreciation of a single security over this period, and the long-
term growth of broad financial markets, cannot be assured. Securities purchased in client accounts may
decline in value over time, even if broad financial markets increase in value over the same period. In
addition, purchasing securities with the intent to hold such securities for more than one year may involve
an opportunity cost, or the loss of potential gain from an alternative investment.
Activist Strategies – GVIC may, in certain circumstances, pursue “activist” strategies, which require (a) us
to properly identify companies whose security price can be increased through our active influence on, and
involvement in, the management of such companies or through other strategies to influence or control
corporate decision-making; (b) our clients to acquire sufficient securities or other instruments of or
relating to such companies, such that GVIC’s beneficial ownership of such securities is sufficient to
exercise influence or control; (c) our avoidance of triggering anti-takeover and regulatory obstacles while
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aggregating our position; (d) management of such companies and other stakeholders responding
positively to the our proposals; and (e) the market price of such companies’ securities increasing in
response to actions taken by such companies in connection with our proposals.
There can be no assurance that any of the foregoing will succeed. Successful execution of an investment
strategy with respect to a company can depend on the actions of other stakeholders, whose interests may
not be aligned with those of our clients. Moreover, securities that we believe are fundamentally
undervalued or incorrectly valued may not ultimately be valued in the capital markets at prices and/or
within the timeframe we anticipate, even if our strategy is successfully implemented. Even if the price for
a company’s security has increased, there is no assurance that the client will be able to realize any
increase in the value of the investment.
The following risks can be associated with GVIC’s methods of analysis and strategies:
Investments in Undervalued Securities – GVIC’s investment strategies are designed to invest in securities
it believes are undervalued. The identification of investment opportunities in undervalued securities
requires skill and experience, and there can be no assurances that such opportunities will be identified, or
when identified, will result in successful investment outcomes. While investments in undervalued
securities offer the potential opportunity for significant capital appreciation, these investments involve an
element of financial uncertainty and can result in capital loss. In GVIC’s active investment strategy, this
uncertainty can be amplified by concentration (discussed below).
GVIC can invest a client’s assets in fixed income securities, including, without limitation, commercial paper
and debt securities. A major economic recession could severely disrupt the market for such securities and
could have an adverse impact on the value of such securities.
In addition, it is likely that any such economic downturn could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of
such securities to make payments thereon, increasing the incidence of default for such securities.
Unforeseen circumstances such as market disruptions could cause the price of such securities to decline
substantially.
Investing in securities that appear to be undervalued is no guarantee that these securities will not be
trading at even more undervalued levels at a time such securities are sold.
Concentration of Holdings – At any given time, a client’s assets can become concentrated in the holdings
of a single company or small group of companies. In such cases, a client’s portfolio will be more
susceptible to fluctuations in value resulting from conditions affecting such company or group of
companies compared to the results of a more broadly diversified portfolio. As a result, a client’s returns
could be more volatile and could be affected substantially by the success or failure of only one or a few
holdings. GVIC does not generally hedge client positions to protect against such fluctuations.
Trading in Illiquid Securities – Certain securities in which GVIC invests client assets can be relatively
illiquid. Such securities could prevent a client from liquidating positions in a prompt and orderly manner
and subject the client to loss.
Highly Variable Market Pricing – The prices of a client’s investment holdings can be highly variable. Price
movements of some investments in which GVIC’s clients can be invested are influenced by a variety of
factors including, among other things, interest rates, levels of supply and demand, actual or perceived
credit risks, regulatory changes, and national and international political and economic events and policies.
In addition, governments can from time to time intervene in certain investment markets, particularly
those in government bonds, currencies, and financial instruments, which can adversely affect return on
investment. GVIC’s clients are also subject to the uncertainty of the failure of any exchange on which
securities trade.
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Non-U.S. Investments – GVIC can invest a portion of a client’s portfolio outside the U.S. in non-dollar
denominated securities, including in securities issued by foreign companies and the governments of
foreign countries and in foreign currencies. These investments involve different types of uncertainties
than those typically associated with investments in U.S. companies or securities issued by the U.S.
government. Because investments issued by foreign issuers can involve foreign currencies, clients can be
affected positively or negatively by changes in currency exchange rates (including as a result of the
devaluation of a foreign currency) and in exchange control regulations and can incur transaction costs in
connection with conversions between currencies.
In addition, unlike with most U.S. companies, GVIC may not be able to obtain the same amount of
information regarding a foreign company, or such information may not be reliable. The regulation of
securities markets in some foreign countries can be less rigorous than that of those in the U.S. Some
foreign securities markets have a higher potential for price variability and illiquidity compared to most
U.S. securities markets. With respect to certain countries, there can be the possibility of expropriation or
confiscatory taxation, political, economic, or social instability, limitation on the removal of funds or other
assets or the repatriation of profits, restrictions on investment opportunities, the imposition of trading
controls, withholding or other taxes on interest, dividends, capital gain, other income, gross sale, or
disposition proceeds, import duties or other protectionist measures, various laws enacted for the
protection of creditors, greater uncertainty of nationalization, or diplomatic developments that could
adversely affect investments in those countries.
Currency – GVIC can invest in equity and debt securities denominated in various currencies, the price of
which is determined with reference to such currencies. To the extent unhedged, the value of the net asset
will fluctuate with the U.S. dollar exchange rate as well as with price changes in the various local markets
and currencies. Thus, any change in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the currencies in which an
investment is denominated can magnify the effect of increases or decreases in the prices of the client’s
securities in their local markets. Currency forward contracts and over-the-counter options can be utilized
to hedge against any potential currency fluctuations. GVIC is not required to hedge and typically does not
use derivatives to hedge. There can be no assurance that any hedging transactions, even if undertaken,
will be effective.
Credit Risk – Credit risk typically applies to debt investments such as corporate, municipal, and sovereign
fixed income or bonds. A bond issuing entity can experience a credit event that could impair or erase the
value of an issuer’s securities held by a client.
Regulatory Restrictions – The investment strategies pursued by GVIC can be affected by state law, U.S.
federal law, and the laws of other applicable jurisdictions governing the securities in which clients invest,
which can inhibit GVIC’s ability to freely acquire and dispose of certain securities. Such regulations can
materially adversely affect the value of a client’s investment. Any changes to government regulations can
make some or all forms of investment strategies unlawful or impractical. Accordingly, such changes, if
any, could have an adverse effect on the achievement of a client’s investment objective.
Minority Investments; Third-Party Stakeholders – GVIC will primarily invest in minority positions
(generally less than 20 percent of the common stock outstanding) of companies and GVIC’s clients will
generally have no legal right to appoint a director or otherwise exert material influence or control over
the management of such companies. As a result, the value of a client’s investment will be based, in large
part, on the existing management, board of directors, and other stakeholders which have controlling
interests in such companies, and the interests of such third parties may not be aligned with, and could
conflict with, the interests of GVIC’s clients.
Notwithstanding the above risk disclosure, GVIC’s clients will own more than 20% of the outstanding
common stock of RMCF and have the authority to direct certain board appointments.
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Investments in Early-Stage Companies – GVIC can invest in the securities of early-stage companies.
Investments in such early-stage companies can involve more uncertainty than investments in more
established companies. To the extent there is any public market for such securities, they can be subject to
more abrupt and erratic market price movements than those of larger, more established companies.
Early-stage companies tend to have fewer resources than more established companies and therefore are
often more vulnerable to financial failure. Such companies also have shorter operating histories on which
to judge future performance.
Early-stage companies with little or no operating history can require substantial additional capital to
support expansion or to achieve or maintain a competitive position and can produce substantial variations
in operating results or operate at a loss. Information relied upon by GVIC, such as documents filed with
the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, may not be available for early-stage companies
and, as a result, investment in such companies can have a higher degree of uncertainty.
Margin Transactions – A securities transaction in which an investor borrows money to purchase a
security, and the security serves as collateral on the loan, is known as a margin transaction. If the value of
the collateralizing security drops sufficiently, the investor will be required to provide additional collateral
(usually by depositing more cash into the account) or sell a portion of the security position in order to
maintain the margin requirements of the account (this is known as a "margin call"). An investor's overall
risk includes the amount of money invested, the margin requirement associated with the security or
securities used as collateral, and the amount of money loaned to them.
Option Writing – GVIC from time to time engages in securities transactions that involve selling an option.
An option is a contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a particular
security at a specified price on or before the expiration date of the option. When an investor sells a call
option, he or she must deliver to the buyer a specified number of shares if the buyer exercises the option.
When an investor sells a put option, he or she must pay the strike price per share if the buyer exercises
the option and will receive the specified number of shares. The option writer/seller receives a premium
(the market price of the option at a particular time) in exchange for writing the option. Options are
complex investments and bear risk, especially if the investor does not own the underlying security. In
certain situations, an investor's risk can be unlimited.
GVIC can recommend investments in private funds or other less liquid investments as part of its strategy. These
investments can only be offered to clients that meet regulatory standards for investable assets or income, and
generally involve a higher level of uncertainty than traditional investments in equity and debt securities.
Clients’ investment programs can include investment techniques that involve significant uncertainty such as price
variability, illiquidity, management misstatements, issuer fraud, and portfolio concentration.
Although GVIC seeks to achieve the investment objectives and financial goals of its clients, past investment
performance does not guarantee future results, and GVIC is unable to make any guarantees to clients with respect
to avoiding monetary losses. GVIC can offer no guarantee or representation to any client that an investment
strategy will be successful, that the client will achieve a targeted rate of return, or that the client will realize a
positive investment return.
This is not a complete list of the investment strategies and risks involved when investing in the capital markets.
Investing in securities and other investment products involves inherent uncertainty, including the possible loss of
the total principal amount invested, which clients must be prepared to bear.
Clients who invest in mutual funds or exchange traded products should refer to the underlying fund’s prospectus
for additional disclosures.
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Recommendation of Particular Types of Securities
GVIC recommends various types of securities, and we do not primarily recommend one type of security over
another, as each client has different investment objectives and risk tolerances. Each type of security has its own
unique set of risks; even within the same type of security, risks can vary widely. However, in very general terms,
the higher the anticipated return of an investment, the higher the risk of loss associated with the investment. A
description of the types of securities we may recommend to you and some of their inherent risks are provided
below.
Cash – We manage cash balances based on the yield and the financial soundness of money markets and
other short-term financial instruments. Cash and cash-like investments are highly liquid and bear little
principal or default risk.
Money Market Funds – A money market fund is technically a security. A money market fund manager
attempts to keep the share price constant at $1 per share, but there is no guarantee that the share price
will stay at $1 per share. If the share price goes down, you can lose some or all of your principal. The
United States Securities and Exchange Commission notes that "While investor losses in money market
funds have been rare, they are possible." In return for this risk, you should earn a greater return on a
money market fund than you would expect from a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insured
savings account (money market funds are not FDIC insured). Money market fund rates are variable.
Because money market funds are considered to be safer than most other investments, long-term average
returns on money market funds tend to be less than long-term average returns on riskier investments.
Bonds – Corporate debt securities (also referred to as "bonds") are typically safer investments than equity
securities. Risks associated with investing in bonds can also vary widely based on the financial health of
the issuer, the risk that the issuer might default, and whether the bond can be "called" prior to maturity.
When a bond is called, it may not be possible to replace it with a bond of equal character paying the same
rate of interest.
Municipal Securities – Municipal securities, while generally thought of as safe, can have significant risks
associated with them including, but not limited to: the credit worthiness of the governmental entity that
issues the bond; the stability of the revenue stream that is used to pay the interest to the bondholders;
when the bond is due to mature; and, whether or not the bond can be "called" prior to maturity. When a
bond is called, it may not be possible to replace it with a bond of equal character paying the same amount
of interest or yield to maturity.
Stocks – There are numerous ways of measuring the risk of equity securities (also referred to as "equities"
or "stocks"). In very broad terms, the value of a stock depends on the financial health of the company
issuing it. However, stock prices can be affected by many other factors including, but not limited to, the
class of stock (for example, preferred stock or common stock), the health of the market sector of the
issuing company, and the overall health of the economy. In general, stock issued by larger, well-
established companies tends to present less risk than stock offered by smaller, less well-established
companies; however, the size of an issuer is not, in itself, an indicator of the safety of the investment.
Private Placements – A private placement (also referred to as a “nonpublic offering”) is an illiquid security
sold to qualified investors and is not publicly traded or registered with the United States Securities and
Exchange Commission. Private placements generally carry a higher degree of risk due to their lack of
liquidity. Most securities that are acquired in a private placement will be restricted securities that must be
held for an extended amount of time and cannot be sold easily. The risks associated with a private
placement are dependent on the nature of the security and are disclosed in the offering documents.
Options Contracts – Options are complex securities that involve risks and are not suitable for everyone.
Option trading can be speculative in nature and carry substantial risk of loss. It is generally recommended
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that you only invest in options with risk capital. An option is a contract that gives the buyer the right, but
not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specific price on or before a certain date (the
"expiration date"). The two types of options are calls and puts:
A call option gives the holder the right to buy an asset at a certain price within a specific period of time.
Calls are similar to having a long position on a stock. Buyers of calls hope that the stock will increase
substantially before the option expires.
A put option gives the holder the right to sell an asset at a certain price within a specific period of time.
Puts are very similar to having a short position on a stock. Buyers of puts hope that the price of the stock
will fall before the option expires.
The option trading risks pertaining to options buyers are:
•
• Risk of losing your entire investment in a relatively short period of time.
• Risk of losing your entire investment increases if, as expiration nears, the stock is below the strike
price of the call (for a call option) or if the stock is higher than the strike price of the put (for a
put option).
European style options, which do not have secondary markets on which to sell the options prior
to expiration, can only realize value upon expiration.
Specific exercise provisions of a specific option contract may create risks.
•
• Regulatory agencies may impose exercise restrictions, which stop you from realizing value.
The option trading risks pertaining to options sellers are:
• Options sold may be exercised at any time before expiration.
•
Covered call traders forgo the right to profit when the underlying stock rises above the strike
price of the call options sold, yet continue to risk a loss due to a decline in the underlying stock.
• Writers of naked calls risk unlimited losses if the underlying stock rises.
• Writers of naked puts risk substantial losses if the underlying stock drops.
• Writers of naked positions run margin risks if the position goes into significant losses. Such risks
may include liquidation by the broker.
• Writers of call options could lose more money than a short seller of that stock could on the same
rise on that underlying stock. This is an example of how the leverage in options can work against
the option trader.
• Writers of naked calls are obligated to deliver shares of the underlying stock if those call options
•
are exercised.
Call options can be exercised outside of market hours such that effective remedy actions cannot
be performed by the writer of those options.
• Writers of stock options are obligated under the options that they sell, even if a trading market is
•
not available or that they are unable to perform a closing transaction.
The value of the underlying stock may increase or decrease unexpectedly, leading to automatic
exercises.
Other option trading risks are:
The complexity of some option strategies is a significant risk on its own.
•
• Option trading exchanges or markets and option contracts themselves are open to changes at all
times.
• Options markets have the right to halt the trading of any options, thus preventing investors from
realizing value.
• Risk of erroneous reporting of exercise value.
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•
•
If an options brokerage firm becomes insolvent, investors trading through that firm may be
affected.
Internationally traded options have special risks due to timing across borders.
Risks that are not specific to options trading include market risk, sector risk, and individual stock risk. Option
trading risks are closely related to stock risks, as stock options are a derivative of stocks.
Voting Client Securities
Our clients have the option of retaining their proxy voting rights or authorizing GVIC to exercise proxy voting rights
on their behalf. If these rights are retained by the client, GVIC will not take independent action to vote proxies.
However, when requested, we can assist clients with questions regarding proxies and proxy voting procedures.
Clients will receive their proxies or other solicitations directly from the Qualified Custodian or a transfer agent.
Clients opting to retain GVIC to vote proxies will opt into such request via the investment management services
agreement. Upon execution, we will assume all proxy voting duties on your behalf. You can obtain a copy of GVIC’s
complete proxy voting policies and procedures upon request. You may also obtain information about how GVIC
voted any proxies on behalf of your account.
Proxy votes generally will be cast in favor of proposals that maintain or strengthen the shared interests of
shareholders and management, increase shareholder value, maintain or increase shareholder influence over the
issuer's board of directors and management, and maintain or increase the rights of shareholders. Generally, proxy
votes will be cast against proposals having the opposite effect. However, we will consider options presented with
respect to each proxy issue.
In the event you wish to direct our firm on voting a particular proxy, you should contact our office at the telephone
number on the cover page of this brochure with your instructions.
Conflicts of interest between you and our firm, or a principal of our firm regarding certain proxy issues, could arise.
If we determine that a material conflict of interest exists, we will take the necessary steps to resolve the conflict
before voting the proxies. For example, we may disclose the existence and nature of the conflict to you, and seek
direction from you as to how to vote on a particular issue; we may abstain from voting, particularly if there are
conflicting interests for you (for example, where your account holds different securities in a competitive merger
situation); or, we will take other necessary steps designed to ensure that a decision to vote is in your best interest
and was not the product of the conflict.
Item 7. Client Information Provided to Portfolio Managers
To provide the Program services, we will share your private information with the Qualified Custodian. We may also
provide your private information to mutual fund companies and/or private managers as needed. We will only
share the information necessary to carry out our obligations to you in servicing your account. We share your
personal account data in accordance with our privacy policy as described below.
Item 8. Client Contact with Portfolio Managers
Without restriction, you should contact our firm or your advisory representative directly with any questions
regarding your Program account. You should contact your advisory representative with respect to changes in your
investment objectives, risk tolerance, or requested restrictions placed on the management of your Program assets.
Item 9. Additional Information
Disciplinary Information
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We are required to disclose the facts of any legal or disciplinary events that are material to a client's evaluation of
our advisory business or the integrity of our management. We do not have any required disclosures under this
item.
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Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Arrangements with Affiliated Entities
We serve as the investment manager to GVP 2021-A, L.P., a private investment fund in which you may be
solicited to invest. We are affiliated through common control and ownership with GVP 2021-A L.L.C., the
general partner of GVP 2021-A, L.P. GVP 2021-A, L.P. is offered to sophisticated investors, who meet
certain requirements under applicable state and/or federal securities laws. Investors to whom GVP 2021-
A, L.P. is offered will receive the fund’s Governing Documents, as applicable. The fees charged by GVP
2021-A, L.P. are separate and distinct from our advisory fees. You should refer to the Governing
Documents of GVP 2021-A, L.P. for a complete description of the fees, investment objectives, risks, and
other relevant information associated with investing in GVP 2021-A, L.P. Persons affiliated with our firm
may have made an investment in GVP 2021-A, L.P. and may have an incentive to recommend GVP 2021-A,
L.P. over other investments.
GVP 2021-A, L.P. currently holds one security, Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory, Inc. (“RMCF”), listed on
the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker RMCF. As indicated in the subscription documents signed by
fund investors, clients are not charged a management fee; however, pursuant to side letters entered into
with each fund investor, carried interest will be charged at the conclusion of the fund based on the fund’s
performance. In addition, the General Partner, not GVP 2021-A, L.P., will bear all ordinary operating
expenses. It is possible that investors in the fund could invest in RMCF and pay less than an investment in
RMCF through GVP 2021-A, L.P.
Jeffrey R. Geygan, Executive Chairman, Chairman of the Board of Directors, and the controlling
shareholder of GVIC, is also a Director of RMCF, a role for which he receives compensation from RMCF.
This creates a conflict of interest because Jeffrey R. Geygan has an incentive to recommend investment in
GVP 2021-A, L.P. To mitigate this conflict, and in accordance with GVIC’s Code of Ethics, once he was
appointed to the Board of Directors of RMCF, Jeffrey R. Geygan was recused from any investment
decisions made by GVIC relating to RMCF.
On November 26, 2024, GVIC entered into a letter agreement (the “Letter Agreement”) with RMCF and
certain other parties signatory thereto, pursuant to which GVIC was granted certain governance rights,
including the right to appoint a director, and mutually agree with RMCF upon the appointment of another
director, to RMCF’s Board. As a result of the foregoing, GVIC may be construed to exercise limited control
over RMCF, and the outcome of GVIC’s investment in RMCF may be partially dependent on GVIC’s
decisions with respect to RMCF.
On December 17, 2025, GVIC entered into an amendment to the Letter Agreement amending GVIC’s
maximum ownership in the common stock of RMCF from 29.9% to 25.0% of the outstanding common
stock.
On August 28, 2025, RMCF2 Credit, LLC, a special purpose investment entity affiliated with Jeffrey R.
Geygan, entered into a credit agreement with RMCF pursuant to which RMCF received an advance in the
principal amount of $1.2 million.
An investment in RMCF through an advisory account with GVIC is more liquid than a partnership interest
in GVP 2021-A, L.P. (that is, the securities are more accessible and subject to fewer restrictions), which
can only be redeemed with permission from the General Partner.
Referral arrangements with an affiliated entity present a conflict of interest for us because we may have a
direct or indirect financial incentive to recommend an affiliated firm’s services. You are under no
obligation to use the services of any firm we recommend or invest in any Fund we recommend, whether
affiliated or otherwise, and may obtain comparable services, investments, and/or lower costs elsewhere.
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We have a wholly owned subsidiary, Global Value Research Company India Private Limited, with an office
in Hyderabad, India, which assists with our research and analysis. All research prepared by us or Global
Value Research Company India Private Limited is based on public information, is for informational
purposes only, and is not intended as an offer to sell or a solicitation to buy securities. We do not engage
in, or receive compensation from, any investment banking or corporate finance-related activities with the
companies discussed in its reports. Our research is used for internal purposes only.
Associated Persons Serving as Directors of Public Companies
Our principals or employees, from time to time, serve on the boards of directors of companies in which
client funds are invested. Because these principals or employees are associated with us, and may have
influence over other principals or employees of us, a conflict of interest exists when we direct client funds
to purchase shares of any such company based on our recommendation. To mitigate this conflict, and in
accordance with GVIC’s Code of Ethics, when our principals or employees serve on the board of directors
of a company in which client funds are invested, these individuals are recused from any investment
decisions relating to that company’s securities. GVIC’s Chief Compliance Officer maintains records of
investment meetings held by GVIC regarding such companies that document such recusals.
On August 12, 2021, Jeffrey R. Geygan was appointed to the Board of Directors of Rocky Mountain
Chocolate Factory, Inc. (“RMCF”), listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker RMCF, a position
for which he receives compensation. We are affiliated through common control and ownership with GVP
2021-A L.L.C., the general partner of GVP 2021-A, L.P., and serve as the investment adviser to GVP 2021-A,
L.P., a private fund that invests solely in RMCF.
On January 17, 2025, James P. Geygan was appointed to the Board of Directors of Fluent, Inc. (“FLNT”),
listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC under the ticker FLNT, a position for which he receives
compensation.
On June 22, 2026, Jeffrey R. Geygan was appointed to the Board of Directors of Loop Industries, Inc.
(“LOOP”), listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC under the ticker LOOP, a position for which he
receives compensation.
A separate portfolio manager in GVIC supervises the investment research and analysis RMCF, and makes
all investment decisions relating to RMCF, including if and when to purchase or sell securities of RMCF, for
client accounts, without discussions with Jeffrey R. Geygan. All such decisions are made based upon the
investment objective and risk tolerance of each client's account, and in the best interest of each client.
Furthermore, we have internal procedures that restrict our employees or associated individuals from
purchasing or selling the securities of RMCF for their own account, or accounts in which they have a
beneficial interest, based on material non-public information they may receive as a result of Jeffrey R.
Geygan’s relationship with RMCF.
Separate research analysts in GVIC supervise the investment research and analysis of FLNT, and make all
investment decisions relating to FLNT, including if and when to purchase or sell securities of FLNT, for
client accounts, without discussions with James P. Geygan. All such decisions are made based upon the
investment objective and risk tolerance of each client's account, and in the best interests of each client.
Furthermore, we have internal procedures that restrict our employees or associated individuals from
purchasing or selling the securities of FLNT for their own account, or accounts in which they have a
beneficial interest, based on material non-public information they may receive as a result of James P.
Geygan’s relationship with FLNT.
A separate portfolio manager in GVIC supervises the investment research and analysis LOOP, and makes
all investment decisions relating to LOOP, including if and when to purchase or sell securities of LOOP, for
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client accounts, without discussions with Jeffrey R. Geygan. All such decisions are made based upon the
investment objective and risk tolerance of each client's account, and in the best interest of each client.
Furthermore, we have internal procedures that restrict our employees or associated individuals from
purchasing or selling the securities of LOOP for their own account, or accounts in which they have a
beneficial interest, based on material non-public information they may receive as a result of Jeffrey R.
Geygan’s relationship with LOOP.
Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions, and Personal Trading
Description of Our Code of Ethics
We comply with applicable laws and regulations governing our practices. Our Code of Ethics includes
guidelines for professional standards of conduct for persons associated with our firm. Our goal is to
always protect your interests and to demonstrate our commitment to our fiduciary duties of loyalty and
care. All persons associated with our firm are expected to adhere strictly to these guidelines. Persons
associated with our firm are also required to promptly report any violations of our Code of Ethics.
Additionally, we maintain and enforce written policies reasonably designed to prevent the misuse or
dissemination of sensitive or confidential information about you or your account holdings by persons
associated with our firm. Clients or prospective clients may obtain a copy of our Code of Ethics by
contacting us at the telephone number on the cover page of this brochure.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
We are affiliated through common control and ownership with GVP 2021-A L.L.C., the general partner of
GVP 2021-A, L.P., a private investment fund in which you may be solicited to invest. Our firm, certain
members of its management, and other knowledgeable employees may acquire, directly or indirectly,
investment interests in GVP 2021-A, L.P. or have other financial interests in GVP 2021-A, L.P. This presents
a conflict of interest because we have investments in and/or are compensated by GVP 2021-A, L.P.
Conflicts that arise are mitigated through our fiduciary obligation to act in the best interest of our clients,
contractual limitations that govern our activities as investment manager or general partner, as applicable,
and the requirement of us not to place our interests before our clients’ interests when managing GVP
2021-A, L.P. If you are an investor in a Fund, refer to the Fund’s Governing Documents for detailed
disclosures regarding the Fund.
Jeffrey R. Geygan, Executive Chairman, Chairman of the Board of Directors, and the controlling
shareholder of GVIC, is separately compensated as a Director of Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory, Inc.
(“RMCF”), a public company in which you may be solicited to invest either directly or as an investor in a
Fund with which we are affiliated. While we endeavor at all times to put the interest of our clients ahead
of our own as part of our fiduciary duty, you should be aware that this situation may create a conflict of
interest since Jeffrey R. Geygan has an interest to recommend investing in RMCF given his management
and/or ownership interest in RMCF. To mitigate these conflicts, and in accordance with GVIC’s Code of
Ethics, Jeffrey R. Geygan is recused from any investment decisions relating to RMCF’s securities. GVIC’s
Chief Compliance Officer maintains records of investment meetings held by GVIC regarding RMCF that
document such recusals.
James P. Geygan, Chief Executive Officer and President of GVIC, is separately compensated as a Director
and of Fluent, Inc. (“FLNT”), a public company in which you may be solicited to invest directly. While we
endeavor at all times to put the interest of our clients ahead of our own as part of our fiduciary duty, you
should be aware that this situation may create a conflict of interest since James P. Geygan has an interest
to recommend investing in FLNT given his management and/or ownership interest in FLNT. To mitigate
these conflicts, and in accordance with GVIC’s Code of Ethics, James P. Geygan is recused from any
investment decisions relating to FLNT’s securities. GVIC’s Chief Compliance Officer maintains records of
investment meetings held by GVIC regarding FLNT that document such recusals.
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Jeffrey R. Geygan, Executive Chairman, Chairman of the Board of Directors, and the controlling
shareholder of GVIC, is separately compensated as a Director of Loop Industries, Inc. (“LOOP”), a public
company in which you may be solicited to invest directly. While we endeavor at all times to put the
interest of our clients ahead of our own as part of our fiduciary duty, you should be aware that this
situation may create a conflict of interest since Jeffrey R. Geygan has an interest to recommend investing
in LOOP given his management and/or ownership interest in LOOP. To mitigate these conflicts, and in
accordance with GVIC’s Code of Ethics, Jeffrey R. Geygan is recused from any investment decisions
relating to LOOP’s securities. GVIC’s Chief Compliance Officer maintains records of investment meetings
held by GVIC regarding LOOP that document such recusals.
Personal Trading Practices
Our firm or persons associated with our firm may buy or sell the same securities that we recommend to
you or securities in which you are already invested. We may also combine our orders to purchase or sell
securities with your orders to purchase or sell securities (this practice is commonly referred to as
"aggregated trading"). A conflict of interest exists in such cases because we have the ability to trade
ahead of you and potentially receive more favorable prices than you will receive. To mitigate this conflict
of interest, we have developed a trade aggregation policy designed to treat all accounts in a fair and
equitable manner, and trade allocations are reviewed by the Chief Compliance Officer. The Code of Ethics
requires pre-approval of most transactions and restricts trading in close proximity to client trading
activity.
Review of Accounts
Investment management services involve periodic monitoring and review of portfolio holdings. GVIC’s policy
generally entails quarterly internal reviews, however, these reviews can occur more or less frequently, depending
on the underlying assets in the portfolios or as requested by you. Such reviews are conducted by our portfolio
managers and research analysts.
GVIC will review investment results, asset allocations, client investment objectives, and other variables that have
been identified during the client engagement. You are encouraged to notify GVIC immediately of any changes in
your financial status or change in your investment objectives. Other factors that can trigger an additional review
include, but are not limited to, unusual industry developments, changes in the state of the economy, the
complexity of an individual client portfolio, changes in a client's situation including investment goals, financial
position, tax considerations, or individual investment developments, (i.e., marriage, divorce, death, a change in
employment, the birth of a child, retirement). We encourage periodic personal meetings or telephone meetings to
review investment results and strategies.
You will receive trade confirmations and monthly or quarterly statements from the Qualified Custodian. GVIC
prepares periodic reports for client review. You are advised to review statements and confirmations received from
your custodian for accuracy, and to the extent we provide reports you are also advised to compare GVIC-prepared
materials to those provided by your custodian.
GVIC prepares periodic reports for use by unaffiliated registered investment advisers that have retained GVIC to
provide sub-advisory services (each an “Investment Manager”), but the Investment Manager servicing each
account provides account reporting to clients.
GVIC prepares periodic reports for use by unaffiliated registered investment advisers that have retained GVIC to
provide third-party advisory services (each a “Sponsor”), and their clients. The Sponsor generally acts as the
primary point of communication for clients, although GVIC may provide periodic reports directly to the client, if
requested by the Sponsor.
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Client Referrals and Other Compensation
We do not receive any compensation from any third party in connection with providing investment advice to you,
nor do we compensate any individual or firm for client referrals.
Refer to Item 4. Services, Fees, and Compensation for disclosures on research and other benefits we may receive as
a result of our relationship with the Qualified Custodian.
Financial Information
GVIC has neither been the subject of a bankruptcy petition, nor does it have a financial commitment that impairs
its ability to meet contractual and fiduciary commitments to clients.
Trade Errors
In the event a trading error occurs in your account, our policy is to restore your account to the position it should
have been in had the trading error not occurred. Depending on the circumstances, corrective actions may include
canceling the trade, adjusting an allocation, and/or reimbursing the account.
Custody
The Qualified Custodian will directly debit your account for the payment of our advisory fees. This ability to deduct
our advisory fees from your account causes our firm to exercise limited custody over your funds or securities. We
do not have physical custody of any of your funds and/or securities. Your funds and securities will be held with a
bank, broker-dealer, or other qualified custodian. You will receive account statements from the qualified custodian
holding your funds and securities at least quarterly. The account statements from the Qualified Custodian will
indicate the amount of our advisory fees deducted from your account each billing period. You should carefully
review account statements for accuracy.
We are not affiliated with the Qualified Custodian. The Qualified Custodian does not supervise our firm, its agents,
or activities.
Trustee Services
Individuals associated with GVIC may serve as trustee to certain accounts for which we provide
investment advisory services. These associated persons’ capacity as trustee would give GVIC custody over
the advisory accounts for which the individual serves as trustee. These accounts are held with a bank,
broker-dealer, or other qualified custodian. If GVIC or any person associated with GVIC acts as trustee for
any of your advisory accounts, you will receive account statements from the qualified custodian holding
your funds and securities at least quarterly. You should carefully review account statements for accuracy.
Pursuant to Rule 206(4)-2(a)(4) of the Investment Advisors Act of 1940, as amended, in the event that
GVIC services as trustee, your funds and securities are verified by actual examination at least one during
each calendar year, by an independent public accountant, pursuant to a written agreement between GVIC
and the accountant, at a time that is chosen by the accountant without prior notice or announcement to
GVIC and that is irregular from year to year.
Standing Letter of Authorization
Our firm, or persons associated with our firm, may affect wire transfers, or otherwise transfer funds, from
client accounts to one or more third parties designated, in writing, by the client without obtaining written
client consent for each separate, individual transaction, as long as the client has provided us with written
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authorization to do so. Such written authorization is known as a Standing Letter of Authorization. An
adviser with authority to conduct such third-party wire transfers has access to the client's assets, and
therefore has custody of the client's assets in any related accounts.
However, we do not have to obtain a surprise annual audit, as we otherwise would be required to by
reason of having custody, as long as we meet the following criteria:
1. You provide a written, signed instruction to a custodian that includes the third party’s name and
address or account number at a custodian;
2. You authorize us in writing to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or
from time to time;
3. Your custodian verifies your authorization (e.g., signature review) and provides a transfer of
funds notice to you promptly after each transfer;
4. You can terminate or change the instruction;
5. We have no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the third party, the
address, or any other information about the third party;
6. We maintain records showing that the third party is not a related party to us nor located at the
same address as us; and
7. Your custodian sends you, in writing, an initial notice confirming the instruction and an annual
notice reconfirming the instruction.
We hereby confirm that we meet the above criteria.
IRA Rollover Recommendations
For purposes of complying with the U.S. Department of Labor’s Prohibited Transaction Exemption 2020-02 where
applicable, we are providing the following acknowledgment to you. When we provide investment advice to you
regarding your retirement plan account or individual retirement account, we are fiduciaries within the meaning of
Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are
laws governing retirement accounts. The way we make money creates some conflicts with your interests, so we
operate under a special rule that requires us to act in your best interest and not put our interest ahead of yours.
Under this special rule’s provisions, we must:
Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is in your best interest;
• Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations (give prudent advice);
• Never put our financial interests ahead of yours when making recommendations (give loyal advice);
• Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
•
• Charge no more than is reasonable for our services; and
• Give you basic information about conflicts of interest.
We benefit financially from the rollover of your assets from a retirement account to an account that we manage or
provide investment advice, because the assets increase our assets under management and, in turn, our advisory
fees. As a fiduciary, we only recommend a rollover when we believe it is in your best interest.
Item 10. Requirements for State-Registered Advisers
GVIC is a federally registered investment adviser; therefore, we are not required to respond to this item.
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