Overview
- Headquarters
- New York, NY
- Average Client Assets
- $10.0 million
- SEC CRD Number
- 107738
Fee Structure
Primary Fee Schedule (GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT LP FORM ADV, PART2A - FOR PRIVATE WEALTH MANAGEMENT)
| Min | Max | Marginal Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $0 | $10,000,000 | 1.70% |
| $10,000,001 | $25,000,000 | 1.10% |
| $25,000,001 | $50,000,000 | 1.00% |
| $50,000,001 | $100,000,000 | 0.90% |
| $100,000,001 | $250,000,000 | 0.85% |
| $250,000,001 | $500,000,000 | 0.80% |
| $500,000,001 | and above | 0.75% |
Illustrative Fee Rates
| Total Assets | Annual Fees | Average Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $1 million | $17,000 | 1.70% |
| $5 million | $85,000 | 1.70% |
| $10 million | $170,000 | 1.70% |
| $50 million | $585,000 | 1.17% |
| $100 million | $1,035,000 | 1.04% |
Clients
- HNW Share of Firm Assets
- 12.64%
- Total Client Accounts
- 249,499
- Discretionary Accounts
- 235,257
- Non-Discretionary Accounts
- 14,242
Services Offered
Services: Portfolio Management for Individuals, Portfolio Management for Companies, Portfolio Management for Pooled Investment Vehicles, Portfolio Management for Institutional Clients, Pension Consulting, Investment Advisor Selection, Educational Seminars
Regulatory Filings
Additional Brochure: GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT LP FORM ADV, PART2A (2026-03-31)
View Document Text
Form ADV Part 2A Brochure
March 31, 2026
Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P.
200 West Street
New York, NY 10282
(212) 902-1000
Goldman Sachs Asset Management (Hong Kong) Limited
Cheung Kong Center, 68th Floor
2 Queen’s Road
Central, Hong Kong
People’s Republic of China
Goldman Sachs Asset Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.
1 Raffles Link
07-01 South Lobby
Singapore 039393
Goldman Sachs Asset Management International
Plumtree Court
25 Shoe Lane
London EC4A 4AU
United Kingdom
Goldman Sachs Asset Management Co. Ltd.
Roppongi Hills Mori Tower
10-1 Roppongi 6-chome
Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6147
Japan
WWW.GOLDMANSACHS.COM
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
This brochure (“Brochure”) provides information about the qualifications and business practices of the
registrants listed below (each, a “Registrant” and collectively, the “Registrants”).
Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (“GSAMLP”)
Goldman Sachs Asset Management International (“GSAMI”)
Goldman Sachs Asset Management Co. Ltd. (“GSAMC”)
Goldman Sachs Asset Management (Hong Kong) Limited (“GSAMHK”)
Goldman Sachs Asset Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (“GSAMS”)
If you have any questions about the contents of this Brochure, please contact us at the following numbers:
For GSAMLP: 212-902-1000
For GSAMC: 81-3-6437-6000
For GSAMI: 011-44-207-774-1000
For GSAMHK: 852-2978-1000
For GSAMS: 65-6889-1000
The information in this Brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and
Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any state securities authority. Investment adviser registration does not
imply a certain level of skill or training.
Additional information about the Registrants also is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
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Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Material Changes
This Brochure is dated March 31, 2026, and is the annual updating amendment to the brochure dated March 31,
2025 filed by the Registrants. There have been no material changes to this Brochure since the last annual
updating amendment. Registrants have made certain other updates to this Brochure to reflect that the private
alternatives business previously conducted by Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC is now conducted through GSAMLP
(together with the private alternatives businesses of other Registrants, “GSAM Private”). The Registrants have
also updated and expanded disclosures relating to their business operations, particularly in the following areas:
Item 5 - Fees and Compensation
Item 6 - Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
Item 8 - Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Item 10 - Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Item 11 - Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities
For ease of reference, capitalized terms that are defined when first used in the Brochure are also defined in the
Glossary.
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Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Table of Contents
Item 4 – Advisory Business ........................................................................................................................................... 5
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation ................................................................................................................................ 12
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ................................................................................ 27
Item 7 – Types of Clients ............................................................................................................................................. 37
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ........................................................................... 39
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information ................................................................................................................................ 89
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ........................................................................................ 90
Item 11 – Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading .................................... 112
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices ................................................................................................................................... 138
Item 13 – Review of Accounts ................................................................................................................................... 148
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation ................................................................................................... 149
Item 15 – Custody .................................................................................................................................................... 151
Item 16 – Investment Discretion ............................................................................................................................... 152
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities .............................................................................................................................. 152
Item 18 – Financial Information ................................................................................................................................ 156
Glossary ................................................................................................................................................................... 157
Appendix A – Fee Schedules ..................................................................................................................................... 164
Appendix B – Select Non-U.S. Investment Vehicles Operated by Goldman Sachs ......................................................... 180
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Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Item 4 – Advisory Business
This Brochure relates to GSAMLP, GSAMI, GSAMC, GSAMHK and GSAMS.1
The Registrants are part of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (“GS Group”), a public company that is a bank holding company
and financial holding company under the Bank holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (“BHCA”) and a world-wide, full-
service financial services organization. GS Group and its subsidiaries (“Goldman Sachs”) deliver a broad range of financial
services to a large and diversified client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and individuals.
For business and regulatory reasons, Goldman Sachs has established certain information barriers and other policies
designed to address information sharing between different businesses within Goldman Sachs (including within GSAM), as
discussed throughout this Brochure.
The Registrants, together with various affiliates as described in this Brochure, comprise the asset management business of
Goldman Sachs Asset & Wealth Management (“Asset & Wealth Management”). As used in this Brochure, “GSAM” refers to
the various business units (also referred to as teams) that perform investment advisory services on behalf of the asset
management business of Asset & Wealth Management. The disclosure contained in this Brochure applies to each
Registrant, except where a specific Registrant is identified or where the context clearly indicates that such disclosure
applies to fewer than all Registrants. This Brochure also describes the investment advisory services provided by GSAM to
clients of the Private Wealth Management (“PWM”) unit of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (“GS&Co.”).
Principal Owners and Operating History of Registrants
GSAMLP is wholly-owned by GSAM Holdings LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of GS Group. GSAM Holdings LLC is also the
general partner of GSAMLP. GSAMLP has been providing financial solutions for investors since 1988.
GSAMI is wholly-owned by Goldman Sachs Asset Management International Holdings Limited, an indirect wholly-owned
subsidiary of GS Group. GSAMI, which is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), as well as the SEC, has been
providing financial solutions for investors since 1990.
GSAMC is wholly-owned by Goldman Sachs Asset Management International Holdings LLC (“GSAMIH”), an indirect wholly-
owned subsidiary of GS Group. GSAMC, which is regulated by the Financial Services Agency, the Kanto Financial Bureau, the
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, the Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission, the Tokyo
Metropolitan Government and the SEC, has been providing financial solutions for investors since 1990.
GSAMHK is a Hong Kong company and is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of GS Group. The sole shareholder of
GSAMHK is GSAMIH. GSAMHK is regulated by the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong and the SEC.
1 Each of GSAMI, GSAMC, GSAMHK and GSAMS has its principal office and place of business outside the United States. This
Brochure is provided to their U.S. clients in connection with their advisory services to U.S. clients and U.S. investors. The
Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”) and other U.S. federal securities laws generally will not
apply to a foreign registered investment adviser’s relationship with its non-U.S. clients outside of the United States.
Accordingly, the provisions of such U.S. laws and underlying regulations, which may include various mechanisms designed
to protect investors, will not be applicable to a non-U.S. client’s relationship with GSAMI, GSAMC, GSAMHK, or GSAMS, and
GSAM makes no representation that such protective mechanisms will be available.
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Form ADV March 31, 2026
GSAMS is a Singapore company and is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of GS Group. The sole shareholder of GSAMS is
GSAMIH. GSAMS is regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore and the SEC.
GSAM’s Advisory Services
GSAM’s advisory services are offered through a variety of investment products and arrangements, depending on the
strategy. These include separately managed accounts (either directly or through wrap fee programs) and pooled investment
vehicles such as mutual funds and private investment funds. Depending on the strategy, investment advice to clients is
provided on a discretionary or non-discretionary basis. GSAM also advises individual and institutional investors with regard
to alternative investments, including hedge funds, private equity funds, funds of funds, co-investments and other
opportunities.
Depending on the investment strategy employed on behalf of a particular client and the investment team managing a
particular client’s assets, GSAM’s advisory services include, but are not limited to, portfolio construction, portfolio
evaluation, portfolio rebalancing, asset allocation, risk assessment, risk management, liquidity management, diversification
solutions, customized hedging, tactical investments, credit analysis, review of investment and co-investment opportunities,
investment structuring, reporting and accounting services, and the review, selection, and oversight of third-party managers.
GSAM also provides retirement plan consulting services, as well as solutions unique to life, health, property, and casualty
reinsurers and reinsurance clients, and the negotiation and administration of Stable Value Contracts.
GSAM also offers goal and risk-based financial planning and portfolio management services (such services are referred to
herein as “Managed Account Services”). Managed Account Services provided by GSAM are generally delivered to accounts
(“Enrolled Participant Accounts”) for enrolled plan participants or retail investors (“Enrolled Participants”) through an
automated software platform (the “Software Platform”) developed by GSAM.
For certain investment strategies, GSAM provides model portfolios to investment advisers that are affiliated with Goldman
Sachs (“Affiliated Advisers”), as well as investment advisers that are unaffiliated with Goldman Sachs, including (i)
investment advisers that are not controlled by Goldman Sachs but in which certain Advisory Accounts hold equity, profits or
other interests, (ii) investment advisers, including registered investment advisers, with which Goldman Sachs has business
relationships (collectively, “Unaffiliated Advisers” and, together with Affiliated Advisers, “Advisers”), and (iii) broker-
dealers, technology providers, turnkey asset management providers, and other financial intermediaries that are unaffiliated
with Goldman Sachs, in each case that use such model portfolios to assist in developing their own investment
recommendations and managing their client accounts. In addition, as further described in Item 12, Brokerage Practices,
GSAM also executes portfolio transactions at the direction of certain Advisory Accounts. Goldman Sachs can invest in, and
currently maintains a minority investment in certain of these financial intermediaries.
In addition, GSAM provides services incidental to managing Advisory Account assets, including hedging interest rate or
currency risk for Advisory Accounts and related cash management, disposing of assets distributed in kind by Advisers, trade
order transmission and execution services, and providing Advisory Accounts with access to due diligence reports and other
information with respect to one or more Underlying Funds and Unaffiliated Advisers (“Diligence Reports”). Incidental
services may also include entering into and negotiating the terms and conditions of agreements related to the management
of client assets for discretionary accounts, providing publications and reports to clients on a variety of topics, providing non-
personalized investment-related plan implementation and educational services, assisting clients in the review, search and
selection of a variety of service providers for their programs, and providing searches for, or evaluations of, retirement
income or annuity-based products. GSAM also provides model asset allocation portfolios and analysis of third party
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Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
manager fees, comparative analysis of fees and expenses, and analysis of components of fees and expenses. GSAM may
also use artificial intelligence to support its provision of investment advisory services.
For information about GSAM’s strategies and solutions, please see Item 8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and
Risk of Loss.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Clients have the option to impose reasonable restrictions on the management of their separate accounts, including
restricting particular securities or types of investments, provided that GSAM accepts such restrictions. Any such restrictions
will be reflected in the investment guidelines or other documentation applicable to the Advisory Account. GSAM may, in its
discretion, hold the amount that would have been invested in the restricted security in cash or money market funds, invest
in substitute securities, or invest it across the other securities in the strategy that are not restricted.
Absent specific instructions to the contrary, certain types of account limitations requested by clients, for example
prohibiting investments in particular industries or limiting investments to those in certain socially responsible categories,
may be defined or identified by reference to information provided by a third-party service provider selected by GSAM.
GSAM will generally apply such restrictions based on GSAM’s internal policies and procedures or methodologies and the
policies and methodologies of the service provider. The methodology used by GSAM or these service providers to analyze
companies may change without notice to clients. There can be no assurance that the information provided by any such
service provider is complete or accurate. See also Item 8, General Risks—Environmental, Social Impact, and Governance
Considerations.
Unaffiliated Advisers appointed by GSAM on behalf of clients or Manager of Manager Accounts are responsible for making
investment decisions consistent with the investment guidelines and restrictions developed by GSAM. Where GSAM is the
investment adviser to a pooled investment vehicle, investment objectives, guidelines and any investment restrictions are
not tailored to the needs of individual investors in those vehicles, but rather apply to the vehicle and are described in the
prospectus or other relevant offering document for the vehicle. When an XIG Program Fund invests in a third-party
managed Underlying Fund, investment objectives, guidelines and any investment restrictions of the third-party managed
Underlying Fund are described in the prospectus or other relevant offering document for the third-party managed
Underlying Fund.
As part of Goldman Sachs, a global financial services organization that is subject to a number of legal and regulatory
requirements, GSAM is subject to, and has itself adopted, internal guidelines restrictions and policies that restrict
investment decisions and activities on behalf of Advisory Accounts under certain circumstances. See Item 11, Code of
Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Accounts—
Firm Policies, Regulatory Restrictions, and Certain Other Factors Affecting Advisory Accounts.
Additional Investment Restrictions Applicable to GSAM Stable Value Advisory Accounts
For retirement plans and other Advisory Accounts that have a “stable value” or similar investment objective, providers of
wrap, separate account or other benefit responsive agreements (“Stable Value Contracts”) typically require that the
Advisory Account be managed within specified guidelines as a part of their underwriting and contract process. These
guidelines are generally in addition to those imposed by the Advisory Account, and limit the scope or types of investments
that GSAM might otherwise include within an Advisory Account’s portfolio, which could result in a lower return to
investors. These restrictions typically also apply to Unaffiliated Advisers or Underlying Funds that are included within an
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Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Advisory Account’s portfolio and, with respect to Underlying Funds, could affect investors who would not otherwise be
subject to these limitations (e.g., investors that do not have “stable value” or a similar objective).
WRAP FEE PROGRAMS
GSAM’s investment advisory services are also available through various consulting or bundled “wrap fee” programs (“Wrap
Programs”) sponsored by certain broker-dealers, including affiliates of GSAM (“Sponsors”).
A client in a Wrap Program typically receives professional investment management of account assets through one or more
investment advisers (including GSAM) participating in the program. Except for execution charges for certain transactions as
described below, clients pay a single, all-inclusive (or “wrap”) fee charged by the Sponsor based on the value of the client’s
account assets for asset management, trade execution, custody, performance monitoring and reporting through the
Sponsor. The Sponsor typically assists the client in defining the client’s investment objectives based on information
provided by the client, aids in the selection of one or more investment advisers to manage the client’s account, and
periodically contacts the client to ascertain whether there have been any changes in the client’s financial circumstances or
investment objectives that warrant a change in the management of the client’s assets. In certain Wrap Programs, the
Sponsor contracts with other investment advisers to perform these services. In a Wrap Program, the Sponsor typically pays
GSAM a fee based on the assets of clients invested in the applicable GSAM strategy in the Wrap Program. In certain cases,
GSAM is instead paid fees based on the size of the total Wrap Program assets under management. The fees that GSAM
charges one Sponsor may differ from the fees that GSAM charges another Sponsor in connection with managing the same
strategy (including as a result of negotiations with particular Sponsors, which may take into account the size and scope of
the overall relationship with such Sponsors, among other factors). As a result, Wrap Program clients of one Sponsor may
pay more (or less) overall for the same GSAM strategy than the amount paid by Wrap Program clients of another Sponsor
or by other Advisory Accounts.
A Wrap Program client may be able to obtain some or all of the services available through a particular Wrap Program on an
“unbundled” basis through the Sponsor of that program or through other firms (including, as described below in this Item 4,
Advisory Business—Wrap Fee Programs—Dual Contract Arrangements, through dual contract arrangements pursuant to
which GSAM acts as investment adviser). Depending on the circumstances, the aggregate of any separately-paid fees
(including in connection with a dual contract arrangement) may be lower (or higher) than the wrap fee charged in the Wrap
Program. Payment of a bundled asset-based wrap fee may or may not produce accounting, bookkeeping, or income tax
results better than those resulting from the separate payment of (i) securities commissions and other execution costs on a
trade-by-trade basis and (ii) advisory fees.
In connection with investment advisory services provided pursuant to a Wrap Program, GSAM will not have access to
fulsome information regarding the Wrap Program client’s financial circumstances, investment objectives or overall
investment portfolio. In addition, GSAM may receive information about the client at a different time than the Sponsor. As a
result, any determination by GSAM as to the appropriateness or suitability for a Wrap Program client of a particular
investment will be made without regard to the portion of the client’s portfolio that is not managed by GSAM, and such
determinations may be different than would have been the case had GSAM had access to fulsome information regarding
the client’s financial circumstances, investment objectives and overall investment portfolio.
The following describes some of the differences between Wrap Program Advisory Accounts and other Advisory Accounts.
Wrap Program clients should also review the Wrap Fee Program Brochure provided by the Sponsor, which contains
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Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
additional information about the Wrap Program, including fees and compensation, and the evaluation and selection of
investment advisers for the Wrap Program.
Management of Wrap Accounts
Wrap Program Advisory Accounts may not be managed identically to institutional Advisory Accounts. Purchases that are
implemented for institutional Advisory Accounts will not always be reflected or fully reflected in a Wrap Program Advisory
Account that follows the same or a substantially similar strategy. For example, certain Wrap Program Advisory Accounts are
constructed and managed with position thresholds and parameters around new positions and changes to weightings in
existing positions. These guidelines are specific to Wrap Programs and will generally not apply to institutional or pooled
investment vehicle Advisory Accounts. These guidelines are at the discretion of the portfolio management teams and may
be set and/or changed without notice to clients. Wrap Program Advisory Accounts may also be managed with the goal of
maintaining different cash balances than other types of Advisory Accounts, including institutional Advisory Accounts, in
order to manage the impact of relatively frequent inflows and outflows. For these and other reasons, clients should expect
the holdings of Wrap Program Advisory Accounts to differ from one another, from Advisory Accounts that do not
participate in the Wrap Program, and from those of the model portfolio for the relevant strategy. Deviations between
holdings in a Wrap Program Advisory Account and a model portfolio generally are not considered errors. Deviations in
holdings from the model portfolio for the strategy will contribute to performance differences between Wrap Program
Accounts and institutional Advisory Accounts.
Trading Considerations and Best Execution for Wrap Accounts
Where GSAM is retained as investment adviser under a Wrap Program, GSAM generally does not negotiate on the client’s
behalf brokerage commissions and charges for transactions in the Wrap Program client’s Advisory Account executed
through the Sponsor. These commissions and charges are generally included in the “wrap” fee charged by the Sponsor,
although certain execution costs are typically not included in this fee and are, in certain cases, charged to the client in
addition to the wrap fee paid by clients (including, but not limited to, broker-dealer spreads, certain broker-dealer mark-ups
or mark-downs on principal transactions, fees and other expenses related to transactions in depository receipts, including
fees associated with foreign ordinary conversion, creation fees charged by third parties, foreign exchange costs and foreign
tax charges, auction fees, fees charged by exchanges on a per transaction basis, debit balances and margin interest, certain
odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes, electronic fund and wire transfer fees, fees in connection with trustee and other
services rendered by Goldman Sachs, fees on NASDAQ transactions, certain costs associated with trading in foreign
securities and other property, certain fees in connection with trust accounting, or the establishment, administration, or
termination of retirement plans, any other charges mandated by law, and certain other execution costs).
GSAM has discretion to select broker-dealers to execute trades for certain Wrap Program Advisory Accounts it manages.
Subject to its obligation to seek best execution, GSAM generally places such trades through the Sponsor or its designated
broker-dealer because (i) typically the all-inclusive fee paid by each Wrap Program client only covers certain execution costs
on agency trades executed through the Sponsor or its affiliates (but does not cover execution costs for trades executed
away from the Sponsor or its affiliates, or certain other costs as described below) and (ii) Wrap Program Advisory Accounts
are typically custodied with the Wrap Program Sponsor. In addition, operational limitations with these types of accounts
may make trading away from the Sponsor more difficult. Wrap Program Advisory Accounts also do not participate in new
issues (including initial public offerings), as they are settled on a principal basis through the underwriters. The result of
these limitations on trading away from the Sponsor may be that the overall execution of trades and performance in a Wrap
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Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Program Advisory Account is less favorable than it is for other Advisory Accounts managed by GSAM. Clients who enroll in
Wrap Programs should satisfy themselves that the Sponsor is able to provide best price and execution of transactions.
Clients should also be aware that transactions in Wrap Program Advisory Accounts will generally produce increased trading
flow for the Wrap Program Sponsor. In addition, legal and/or regulatory considerations may result in GSAM not selecting
certain broker-dealers to execute trades for Wrap Program Advisory Accounts, even when those broker-dealers offer the
lowest available commission rates, or lower commission rates than the Sponsor or its affiliates. See Item 12, Brokerage
Practices—Broker-Dealer Selection.
If GSAM selects a broker-dealer other than the Sponsor or its affiliates to effect an agency trade for a Wrap Program
Advisory Account, clients should expect that any execution costs charged by that other broker-dealer will be charged to the
Advisory Account in addition to the “wrap” fee charged by the Sponsor. For fixed-income trades, and in certain
circumstances for trades in equity accounts, transactions may be effected on a principal basis and therefore the spread,
mark-ups and mark-downs will be paid by the account on those trades to the third-party broker-dealer. Such execution
costs are in addition to the wrap fee paid by clients. Wrap Program clients investing in a strategy with significant fixed
income weightings may pay a disproportionately high fee for execution services, relative to payment on a per transaction
basis.
In other Wrap Program arrangements, GSAM does not have discretion to select broker-dealers to execute trades for the
Wrap Program Advisory Accounts it manages. In such cases, GSAM is not responsible for “best execution” of trades GSAM
enters into on behalf of the client, but rather GSAM takes direction as to the use of brokers from either the client or the
Unaffiliated Adviser.
Wrap Program clients should also be aware that GSAM offers a variety of strategies through wrap platforms that may, at
various times, result in a higher or lower “turnover” of investment securities. Wrap Program clients investing in a strategy
or time period with lower investment turnover may pay a disproportionately high fee for execution services, relative to
payment on a per transaction basis. In addition, GSAM generally will not aggregate transactions for Wrap Program Advisory
Accounts with those of other accounts, and therefore Wrap Program Advisory Accounts will not benefit from a better price
and lower commission rate or lower transaction cost that might have been available had the transactions been aggregated.
Any securities or other assets used to establish a Wrap Program Advisory Account may be sold, and the client will be
responsible for payment of any taxes due. Clients should consult their tax advisor or accountant regarding the tax
treatment of their account under a Wrap Program.
Wrap Program clients may request that GSAM engage in trades intended to offset capital gains tax liability. For additional
information about this strategy, please see Item 8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss—Methods
of Analysis and Investment Strategies—Quantitative Equity Solutions below.
As described above and in Item 12, Brokerage Practices, Wrap Programs present unique considerations and as a result it is
likely that performance of Wrap Program Advisory Accounts will differ from, and potentially underperform that of, GSAM’s
other Advisory Accounts with the same or substantially similar investment strategies and the model portfolio for the
relevant strategy. Wrap Program clients should consider whether their overall needs are best met through investments in a
Wrap Program Advisory Account or in another product or service with different portfolio management and trading features.
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Single Contract and Dual Contract Arrangements
In addition to acting as an investment adviser in connection with Wrap Programs, as described above, GSAM acts as an
investment adviser, on a sub-advisory basis, pursuant to “single contract” and “dual contract” managed account
arrangements. GSAM also acts as sub-adviser to clients who authorize their investment advisers to retain GSAM (directly or
indirectly) to provide discretionary investment management services. In such arrangements, an Unaffiliated Adviser and its
client enter into an agreement with regard to the Unaffiliated Adviser’s overall management of the client’s assets pursuant
to which the Unaffiliated Adviser identifies managers and strategies that it believes are suitable for each client. Either the
Unaffiliated Adviser or the client then selects the applicable managers to manage portions of the client’s portfolio.
In “single contract” arrangements and sub-advisory arrangements, if GSAM is selected, GSAM enters into an agreement
with the Unaffiliated Adviser pursuant to which GSAM will provide investment advice with respect to a portion of the
portfolios of certain clients of the Unaffiliated Adviser. However, GSAM does not enter into a separate agreement with each
applicable client. In a “dual contract” arrangement, on the other hand, GSAM enters into an agreement with each of the
Unaffiliated Adviser’s clients that selects GSAM. As a result, a client in a single contract arrangement enters into a single
contract with the Unaffiliated Adviser, whereas a client in a dual contract arrangement enters into two separate contracts—
one with the Unaffiliated Adviser and another with GSAM.
In connection with the arrangements described above, the considerations relating to limitations on GSAM’s access to
information about the client described above in this Item 4, Advisory Business—Wrap Fee Programs will apply. As a result,
determinations by GSAM as to the appropriateness or suitability for a client in such an arrangement of a particular
investment will be made without regard to the portion of the client’s portfolio that is not managed by GSAM, and such
determinations may be different than would have been the case had GSAM had access to more fulsome information
regarding the client and its portfolio.
In the context of single contract and dual contract arrangements, execution may be handled by one of the methods
outlined above under “Trading Considerations and Best Execution for Wrap Accounts” or by the applicable Unaffiliated
Adviser. In a single contract arrangement, the Unaffiliated Adviser typically pays GSAM a fee out of the fees that the
Unaffiliated Adviser received from the client, which is based on the assets managed by GSAM. In dual contract and
subadvisory arrangements, the client typically pays GSAM a fee based on the assets managed by GSAM, which is in addition
to fees owed by the client to the Unaffiliated Adviser. Clients with single contract, subadvisory and dual contract
arrangements through a particular Unaffiliated Adviser may pay higher (or lower) fees than other clients of the same
Unaffiliated Adviser or clients with such arrangements through other Unaffiliated Advisers (including as a result of
negotiations with the particular Unaffiliated Adviser, which may take into account the size and scope of the overall
relationship with the Unaffiliated Adviser, among other factors). For example, GSAM may have relationships or other
arrangements with certain Unaffiliated Advisers pursuant to which GSAM provides favorable pricing to clients with single,
subadvisory or dual contract arrangements through such Unaffiliated Advisers based on factors including, but not limited
to, the aggregate amount of assets managed for each such Unaffiliated Adviser. Furthermore, not all clients of a particular
Unaffiliated Adviser will receive the benefit of such favorable pricing, even though their assets may be counted for purposes
of determining fee breakpoints applicable to other client accounts. The availability of favorable pricing based on aggregate
assets allocated to GSAM creates an incentive for Unaffiliated Advisers to allocate client assets to GSAM, including assets
that would not have otherwise been so allocated. Furthermore, depending upon the compensation arrangements between
an Unaffiliated Adviser and its clients (e.g., arrangements whereby fees paid to GSAM are paid by the Unaffiliated Advisor
out of fees received by its clients and not by the clients themselves), an Unaffiliated Adviser could benefit, directly or
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indirectly, from allocation of assets to GSAM if the Unaffiliated Adviser would pay higher fees to a manager other than
GSAM. Such benefits may further incentivize an Unaffiliated Adviser to allocate assets to GSAM.
As described above in this Item 4, Advisory Business—Single Contract and Dual Contract Arrangements, given that fees in a
single or dual contract arrangement are generally payable on an “unbundled” basis, clients that enter into such
arrangements with GSAM may pay, in the aggregate, lower (or higher) fees than Wrap Program clients or institutional
Advisory Accounts, depending on the services provided by GSAM in connection with such arrangements and the fees for
such services relative to the wrap fee payable by a client in a Wrap Program.
GSAM clients with single or dual contract arrangements should refer to the Form ADV of the applicable Unaffiliated Adviser
for additional information regarding the single or dual contract arrangement, as applicable.
ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT
The assets under management of each Registrant as of December 31, 2025 are set forth below:
Name of Registrant
Total Assets Under
Management
Discretionary Assets Under
Management
Non-Discretionary Assets
Under Management
GSAMLP
$2,648,902,942,827
$79,166,738,016
$2,569,736,204,810
GSAMI
$621,020,040,973
$620,971,050,525
$48,990,448
GSAMC
$71,833,030,718
$71,833,030,718
$0
GSAMHK
$21,189,475,396
$21,189,475,396
$0
GSAMS
$13,777,866,083
$13,777,866,083
$0
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation
COMPENSATION FOR ADVISORY SERVICES
Separately Managed Accounts
Clients generally pay advisory fees for separate account management based on a percentage of assets (generally of the net
asset value of the assets, or, with respect to certain Advisory Accounts, the book value or the levered or notional value of
the assets) in their Advisory Accounts. Certain clients also pay advisory fees for separate account management based on
other criteria, including, for example, based on the amount of assets a client determines to allocate to investments
recommended by GSAM in respect of a non-discretionary Advisory Account. In addition, certain clients pay a flat fee for
certain types of advisory services, such as asset allocation advice and the provision of model portfolios. The actual fees,
minimum fees and minimum account sizes for GSAM may be negotiated, and a client could pay more or less than the fees
set forth in this Brochure, or more or less than similar clients or clients invested in similar strategies. Amounts may vary as a
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result of negotiations, discussions and/or factors such as the particular circumstances of the client, the size and scope of the
overall client relationship, client customization of the investment guidelines, additional or differing levels of servicing, or as
may be otherwise agreed with specific clients. Servicing arrangements such as reporting also varies among clients. In some
cases, clients with multiple Advisory Accounts may be able to aggregate accounts managed by GSAM within each product
or across Advisory Accounts, for purposes of applying lower fee rates at higher asset levels (referred to herein as
“breakpoints”) or reduced fee schedules. Registrants, in their discretion, with respect to certain clients, agree to lower fees,
waive minimums on fees, provide lowest available fee arrangements, or allow credits or offsets relating to certain types or
specified amounts of expenses. Clients that negotiate fees with differing breakpoints, including flat fees and performance-
based fees, may pay a higher fee than the fees set forth in this Brochure as a result of fluctuations in the amount of the
client’s assets under management and account performance.
Please see Appendix A for the fee schedules generally attributable to separately managed accounts advised by each of
GSAMLP, GSAMI, GSAMC, GSAMHK and GSAMS. For certain separately managed accounts, GSAMLP does not maintain a
standard fee schedule. Actual fees are individually negotiated with each Advisory Account client, vary depending on a
number of factors, including those described above, and are set forth in the governing documents for the applicable
Advisory Account.
In certain cases, GSAM is also compensated for performing diligence on, and advising clients whether or not to participate
in, potential investment opportunities for such clients’ Advisory Accounts that are not otherwise made available to other
Advisory Accounts or in which other Advisory Accounts do not otherwise participate. The compensation that GSAM
receives in respect of such diligence and advice will vary, and may be dependent on the clients’ determination to
participate in the potential investment opportunities.
Pooled Investment Vehicle Fees
GSAM acts as investment adviser to pooled investment vehicles such as mutual funds, collective investment trusts, private
investment funds, and other pooled investment vehicles (e.g., hedge funds, private equity funds, funds of funds, private
credit funds, real estate funds and business development companies). GSAM’s fees for such services are based on each
investment vehicle’s particular structure, investment process, and other factors. GSAM generally receives a management
fee for management of non-private investment funds and a management fee and an incentive fee or allocation (which, in
certain cases, takes the form of a carried interest and which, in certain cases, is received by an affiliate of GSAM) from
private investment funds (other than certain categories of private investment funds, including but not limited to certain XIG
Program Funds and long-only funds), business development companies, and certain registered investment companies. The
amount and structure of the management fee, incentive fee and/or allocation varies from fund to fund (and may vary
significantly depending on the investment fund) and is set forth in the prospectus or other relevant offering document for
each fund. In certain cases, investors receive fee reductions of all or a portion of the management fee (and/or incentive fee
or allocation) attributable to that investor’s interest in the pooled investment vehicle, or invest fee free in pooled
investment vehicles and pay negotiated fees outside of the pooled investment vehicle, which may be based on a separate
fee schedule agreed upon by GSAM and/or its affiliates and the applicable investor.
Certain of GSAM’s fee structures create an incentive for GSAM to cause the pooled investment vehicles to make
investments earlier in the life of such vehicle than otherwise would have been the case, redeploy investment proceeds in
order to receive ongoing asset-based fees, or defer the disposition of a poorly performing investment in order to defer any
potential clawback obligation, continue to receive asset-based management fees, or possibly receive a larger carried
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interest and/or incentive allocation if the value of the investment increases in the future. GSAM receives similar fees from
other types of vehicles (e.g., securitization vehicles) in respect of the advisory services GSAM provides to such vehicles.
Under the governing documents of an Advisory Account, GSAM may offset some of, or all of, certain fees it receives from
portfolio companies or Advisory Accounts against management fees otherwise payable by Advisory Accounts. If GSAM
provides services and receives fees that could be characterized as more than one type of fee, GSAM will be incentivized to
characterize those fees in a way that minimizes the management fee offset. In addition, from time to time determinations
are made regarding the characterization of proceeds received by Accounts relating to an investment (including those
proceeds distributed as capital to investors in the Accounts). Such determinations could include, but are not limited to,
characterizing such proceeds as an amortization, distribution, prepayment of loan principal, and/or dividend
recapitalization. It is possible that the characterization determined to apply could result in GSAM receiving greater
management fees than would be the case under another characterization, and/or result in GSAM or an affiliate receiving
performance-based compensation earlier than would be the case under another characterization. GSAM can, but is under
no obligation to, rely on a determination by a third-party servicer with respect to any such characterization of proceeds.
Furthermore, GSAM generally treats costs directly related to acquiring an asset (e.g., transaction fees and/or deal fees) as
part of the total invested capital, rather than as expenses. To the extent management fees are calculated based on invested
capital, this practice increases the basis on which management fees are calculated and results in greater management fees
owed to GSAM. This conflict is exacerbated when the capitalized fees are paid to Goldman Sachs because in such cases
Goldman Sachs receives both the transaction and/or deal fees and the management fee.
Certain investors that are invested in pooled investment vehicles pay higher or lower fees and/or are subject to higher or
lower carried interest and/or incentive allocations than similarly situated investors that are invested in the same pooled
investment vehicle. Amounts, rates, breakpoints, hurdles or similar calculation methodologies vary as a result of
negotiations, discussions and/or factors such as the particular circumstances of the investor, the size and scope of the
overall relationship, whether the investor has a multi-strategy, multi-asset class or multi-product investment program with
Goldman Sachs or GSAM, or as may be otherwise agreed with specific investors. Fees and allocations charged to investors
may differ depending on the class of shares or other interests purchased.
Master-feeder funds (i.e., structures in which investors invest in entities commonly referred to as feeder funds, which then
invest their assets in other entities commonly referred to as master funds), XIG Program Funds, and certain other funds are
subject to multiple levels of expenses and, in certain cases, are subject to multiple levels of fees. Certain pooled investment
vehicles are also subject to subscription and/or redemption/withdrawal fees, including in connection with early redemption
penalties, described in the relevant offering and governing documentation.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in certain cases, GSAM provides investment advisory services to funds without receiving
any fee for such services. In these cases, Goldman Sachs may receive placement fees or compensation for other non-
investment advisory services from the funds, the investors in the funds (including Advisory Accounts), or from the
companies or Underlying Funds in which the Goldman Sachs-managed funds invest. The terms of any such arrangements
are disclosed in the governing documents or disclosure documents relating to the Goldman Sachs-managed funds.
Management fees and incentive fees or allocations are generally not payable by funds raised for the benefit of Goldman
Sachs employees.
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Workplace Managed Account Services Fees
For Workplace Managed Account Services, fees are generally paid to GSAM for its advisory services (“Workplace Managed
Account Fees”), unless such fees are waived by GSAM. The Workplace Managed Account Fees are generally calculated
based on the Enrolled Participant Account’s average daily balance and begin accruing on the date that an Enrolled
Participant’s enrollment is processed, unless such fees are prorated for partial periods during which the Enrolled Participant
was enrolled in the Workplace Managed Account Services. Assets held within the Enrolled Participant Account that are not
managed by GSAM are excluded from the account balance for fee calculation purposes. Unless otherwise agreed to with
the firm that engaged GSAM to provide Workplace Managed Account Services to Enrolled Participant Accounts (a “WMA
Institution”) or Plan Sponsor, an authorized service provider retained by the WMA Institution or Plan Sponsor (e.g., a
recordkeeper) will collect the Workplace Managed Account Fees on a quarterly or monthly basis, unless otherwise specified
in writing, and remit the portion of such Workplace Managed Account Fees owed to GSAM for its advisory services, unless
such fees are waived by GSAM.
If investment funds that pay an investment advisory fee to GSAM or its affiliate are selected by a WMA Institution, Plan
Sponsor or other third-party fiduciary for the plan’s investment menu and are used in the Workplace Managed Account
Services, then the investment advisory fees received by GSAM or its affiliate for the investment funds generally will be
excluded from or credited on a pro rata basis against the Workplace Managed Account Fees charged by GSAM, unless such
fees are waived by GSAM.
Retail Managed Account Services Fees
For Retail Managed Account Services, the WMA Institution sets the advisory fee (“WMA Institutional Fee”) charged to
Enrolled Participants, which is based on a percentage of an Enrolled Participant’s assets under management. The WMA
Institutional Fee includes the advisory fees of GSAM and the WMA Institution, and brokerage commissions, taxes, charges
and other costs related to the purchase and sale of ETFs and other investment vehicles, custody fees, portfolio accounting
fees, and reporting fees. GSAM and the WMA Institution will negotiate the portion of the WMA Institutional Fee that is to
be allocated to GSAM for the Retail Managed Account Services. The WMA Institutional Fee generally begins accruing on the
date that an Enrolled Participant’s enrollment is processed and is deducted from the Enrolled Participant’s account
quarterly in arrears, unless otherwise specified in writing.
The WMA Institutional Fee does not cover certain charges associated with securities transactions, including: (i) dealer
markups, markdowns or spreads charged on transactions in over-the-counter securities; (ii) costs relating to trading in
certain foreign securities; (iii) the internal charges and fees that are imposed by any investment products, including, but not
limited to, mutual funds, CITs, or ETFs, such as operating expenses, management fees, redemption fees, 12b-1 fees and
other fees and expenses, including regulatory fees; (iv) brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by broker-dealers
or entities other than the Enrolled Participant Account’s custodian if and when trades are cleared by another broker-dealer;
(v) the charge to carry tax lot information on transferred interests in mutual funds, CITs, or ETFs, postage and handling
charges, returned check charges, transfer taxes; and (vi) stock exchange fees or other fees mandated by law. Details
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regarding WMA Institutional Fees are described in the Enrolled Participant Account agreement and/or applicable WMA
Institution’s brochure.
Certain WMA Institutions will require an Enrolled Participant’s account to be minimally funded before being implemented.
Servicing and Similar Fees
With respect to certain Advisory Accounts that are investment funds (and in certain cases other Advisory Accounts), the
applicable governing documents provide for fees to be paid to GSAM or its affiliates in connection with the provision of
certain administrative or other services. Such fees are in addition to any investment advisory fees chargeable to the
Advisory Accounts.
Certain Advisory Accounts, including separately managed accounts for retail and institutional clients, are responsible for
selecting money market funds, bank deposit accounts or other vehicles (“sweep option”) into which cash and free credit
balances are moved pending investment by GSAM. Unless otherwise agreed with the client, GSAM does not provide advice
regarding the selection of any sweep options, including advice as to whether any selected sweep option is not competitive
in terms of yield, fees, protection of principal balance or other features as compared to other sweep options.
If the Advisory Account selects a custodian for the sweep option that is affiliated with GSAM, such GSAM affiliate will earn
additional fees, which will vary based on the sweep option selected. In the case of bank deposit accounts, GSAM’s affiliated
custodian will earn compensation based on the difference between the interest rates paid by the program banks on cash
invested in bank deposit accounts and the amount of interest paid to the Advisory Account. The Advisory Account will
receive a lower yield on deposits than if GSAM’s affiliated custodian did not earn fees because the program banks reduce
the amount of interest they pay depositors by the amount of the fee paid to such affiliated custodian.
For information about administrative and other fees paid to third-party service providers, please see this Item 5, Fees and
Compensation—Other Fees and Expenses—Custody, Administration and Other Fees.
Fees for Services to Portfolio Companies
In certain circumstances, GSAM, GS&Co. and their affiliates receive deal fees, sponsor fees, monitoring fees, transaction
fees, loan administration fees, or other fees for services provided to portfolio companies. Advisers of Underlying Funds and
their affiliates may also receive such fees. Sponsor and transaction fees generally are structured as payments of a
percentage of either the enterprise value of a company, in the case of an acquisition or disposition, or the aggregate
amount of the financing, in the case of financings or recapitalizations. Monitoring fees may be payable as fixed dollar
amounts or may be calculated as a percentage of EBITDA (or other similar metric) of the portfolio company. Over the life of
an investment, GSAM, GS&Co. and their affiliates may receive multiple sponsor or transaction fees with respect to an
investment. Certain of these fees, such as monitoring fees, may be accelerated in connection with certain events such as
the sale or initial public offering of the underlying portfolio company. If monitoring fees are accelerated, GSAM, GS&Co. and
their affiliates receive a payment equal to all or some portion of future annual monitoring fees. In certain circumstances,
GSAM, GS&Co. and their affiliates also receive commitment fees and break-up fees in connection with investments or
potential investments, and personnel thereof receive fees, equity or other compensation in their capacity as directors of
portfolio companies. GSAM generally expects, and in some cases will be required, to offset any such fees against the fees
that the Advisory Accounts and Underlying Funds would otherwise be required to pay to GSAM or the Advisers, or allocate
such fees directly to Advisory Accounts. However, there may be instances where GSAM does not do so. The fees and
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expenses imposed by GSAM as manager of Advisory Accounts, or by Advisers of Underlying Funds, will, in the absence of a
fee offset, reduce investment profits.
Goldman Sachs also provides various services to Advisory Accounts and to portfolio companies and other companies in
which Advisory Accounts have an interest. See Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading—Goldman Sachs Acting in Multiple Commercial Capacities. Compensation in connection with these
services takes various forms such as commissions, mark-ups, markdowns, financial advisory fees, underwriting and
placement fees, sales fees, financing and commitment fees, brokerage fees, and other fees, compensation or profits. In
certain cases, such compensation is not negotiated and is more or less than what a comparable third party might charge.
Goldman Sachs has an interest in obtaining fees and other amounts for such services which are favorable to Goldman
Sachs. Fees and other compensation paid to Goldman Sachs in respect of these types of services are not shared with
Advisory Accounts or their investors, the amount of such fees and other compensation will not offset the management fee
payable by the relevant Advisory Account, and, subject to applicable law, details of such fees and other compensation are
not typically disclosed to investors in Advisory Accounts.
In addition, Goldman Sachs officers, employees, consultants or other advisors in certain circumstances receive fees, stock or
other equity securities paid and granted to directors on the boards of directors of portfolio companies. In the case of
officers and employees, such payments are generally held for the benefit of Goldman Sachs (and such cash compensation
and, in certain circumstances, non-cash compensation will generally offset the management fee payable by the relevant
Advisory Account), while consultants or other advisors may retain such payments (and such amounts will generally not
offset the management fee payable by the relevant Advisory Account). Additional information regarding the above fees
and/or the portion thereof shared with Advisory Accounts is disclosed in the prospectus or other relevant offering
document for such Advisory Account. The offsets attributable to Goldman Sachs, funds raised for the benefit of Goldman
Sachs employees and/or other investors in such portfolio company that are not charged any management fees will not be
shared with other investors.
Inducements/Non-Major Monetary Benefits
In connection with services provided by GSAM to Advisory Accounts, from time to time, GSAM receives from or provides to
third parties, minor non-monetary benefits permitted under applicable law, including (i) information or documentation
relating to financial instruments or investment services; (ii) issuer-commissioned research coverage; (iii) participation in
conferences, seminars or training events on the benefits and features of specific financial instruments or investment
services; (iv) hospitality of a de minimis value during meetings or those events specified in iii above; (v) connected research
on an issuer in the context of an issuer capital raising; (vi) research provided for a trial period; and (vii) such other services
and/or benefits that can be considered minor non-monetary benefits under applicable law from time to time.
From time to time, Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) and its personnel receive the benefit of “friends and family” and
similar discounts from portfolio companies of Advisory Accounts under which such portfolio companies make their goods
and/or services available at reduced rates. Since many portfolio companies typically offer such discounts to customers
other than GSAM, including as part of their standard commercial practices to expand their respective customer bases,
GSAM believes that the potential for conflicts relating to such discounts is mitigated.
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Considerations Related to Asset-Based and Performance-Based Compensation
GSAM receives different types of compensation in respect of Advisory Accounts. Asset-based compensation is based on the
market value of the investments in the Advisory Account (or, in the case of certain Advisory Accounts, the book, levered, or
notional value, depending on the applicable advisory agreement) and is paid without regard to the performance of the
Advisory Account (other than to the extent reflected in market values or, if applicable, book, levered, or notional values).
GSAM receives asset-based compensation, which may be significant, in respect of an Advisory Account even if the Advisory
Account loses money. Performance-based compensation is contingent on Advisory Account performance, and in some
cases is subject to a preferred return or a high water mark. Considerations related to performance-based compensation are
set forth in Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management.
Compensation Received by Goldman Sachs
Compensation received by GSAM and its affiliates related to various services provided to Advisory Accounts, including
separate accounts and accounts that are pooled investment vehicles, and Underlying Funds will generally be retained by
GSAM and its affiliates. Except to the extent required by applicable law or expressly agreed to by GSAM, GSAM is not
required to offset such compensation against fees and expenses a client or Advisory Account may otherwise owe GSAM and
its affiliates. For example, GSAM and/or its affiliates have been, and in certain circumstances will be, paid a financing fee in
connection with Goldman Sachs (including GSAM Private) arranging and structuring any financing or refinancing of an
Advisory Account’s leverage facilities. The amount of such fee will not offset the management fee payable by the relevant
Advisory Account. In certain circumstances, clients may negotiate for certain of the fees charged in respect of Advisory
Accounts to be credited against the fees GSAM charges such clients in respect of other Advisory Accounts in which they
invest or which are managed on behalf of such clients. For additional information regarding fee arrangements with respect
to Advisory Account investments in Affiliated Products, see Item 10, Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliates,
Conflicts Relating to the Allocation of Advisory Account Assets to Affiliated Products and External Products.
CALCULATION AND DEDUCTION OF ADVISORY FEES
Other than as described below with respect to GSAM Private, advisory and management fees for Advisory Accounts
generally are calculated and billed either monthly or quarterly in arrears depending on the Advisory Account, and generally
(although not in all cases, including in the case of pooled investment vehicles) are payable within 30 days upon the client’s
receipt of an invoice. Management fees are generally paid to GSAM Private semi-annually from the assets in each Advisory
Account using net proceeds from investment dispositions and/or current cash flow of an Advisory Account. The frequency
of calculation of incentive fees or allocations (which in certain cases take the form of a carried interest), and the timing of
payments in respect thereof, will depend on the specific Advisory Account. GSAM also may issue capital calls to investors
for the payment of advisory and management fees. Subject to negotiation, asset-based fees are generally prorated through
the date of liquidation or termination, and incentive fees and allocations, if any, are generally calculated for the period
during which the Advisory Account was managed. Where the custodian is an affiliate of GSAM, fees and other expenses are
automatically deducted from the client’s Advisory Account, unless other arrangements have been made. Where the
custodian is a third party, clients may arrange to have such fees debited directly from the client’s account for credit to
GSAM, subject to applicable law.
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OTHER FEES AND EXPENSES
In addition to the advisory fees described above, clients will be subject to other fees and expenses related to GSAM’s
advisory services. See below in this Item 5, Fees and Compensation—Other Fees and Expenses—Allocation of Expenses and
Broken-Deal Expenses.
Underlying Fund and Unaffiliated Adviser Fees and Expenses
Where GSAM has recommended or invested Advisory Account assets in Underlying Funds managed by Unaffiliated
Advisers, Advisory Accounts generally bear all fees and expenses applicable to the investment in the Underlying Funds,
including fixed fees, asset-based fees, performance-based fees, carried interest, incentive allocation, and other
compensation, fees, expenses and transaction charges payable to Unaffiliated Advisers in consideration of their services to
the Underlying Funds.
Fixed fees and performance-based compensation to Unaffiliated Advisers that manage hedge funds or private equity funds
generally fall within the following approximate ranges, although in some instances, such fees and compensation materially
exceed the percentages referenced below or are structured in materially different ways: (i) with respect to Underlying
Funds that are hedge funds, fixed fees of 0% to 4% of each Unaffiliated Adviser’s allocation and performance-based
compensation of 0% to 30% of the net capital appreciation in each individual Unaffiliated Adviser’s investment for the year,
and (ii) with respect to Underlying Funds that are private equity funds, fixed fees of 0.50% to 1.50% of committed capital or
invested capital (or a hybrid or variation thereof) and performance-based compensation of 10% to 20% that typically
applies once investors have received a return of contributed capital and a specified minimum return on that capital.
Unaffiliated Advisers’ compensation with respect to other types of Underlying Funds may fall within or outside these
ranges.
In addition, Advisory Accounts investing in Underlying Funds managed by Unaffiliated Advisers generally bear fees paid for
advisory, administration, distribution, 12b-1, shareholder servicing, sub-accounting, custody, sub-transfer agency and other
services, which may be paid to GSAM or its affiliates, or to third party entities. See also Item 10, Other Financial Industry
Activities and Affiliations. An investor in an Advisory Account investing in Underlying Funds managed by Unaffiliated
Advisers also bear a proportionate share of the fees and expenses of each Underlying Fund managed by an Unaffiliated
Adviser in which the Advisory Account invests. Fees and expenses of Underlying Funds managed by Unaffiliated Advisers
are generally in addition to the fees each Advisory Account pays to GSAM, although the fee structure of certain Advisory
Accounts requires GSAM to pay fees to Unaffiliated Advisers out of the fee it receives from the Advisory Account. GSAM
may determine to waive advisory fees on assets where the investments generate additional fees for Goldman Sachs. In
other circumstances, advisory fees will be waived if required by applicable law. See Item 10, Other Financial Industry
Activities and Affiliations—Conflicts Relating to Relationships with Unaffiliated Advisers.
Transaction Charges
Except as set forth with respect to Wrap Program clients as described in Item 4, Advisory Business—Wrap Fee Programs
and with respect to Retail Managed Account Services Enrolled Participant Accounts as described below, GSAM’s clients pay
brokerage commissions, mark-ups, mark-downs and other commission equivalents as well as spreads and/or transaction
costs related to transactions effected for their Advisory Accounts to executing broker-dealers (which may be affiliates of
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GSAM). As described in Item 12, Brokerage Practices, GSAM effects these transactions subject to its obligation to seek best
execution. The different types of transaction charges include:
Commissions: the amount charged by a broker for purchasing or selling securities, real estate or other investments as
an agent for the client, which is disclosed on the client’s trade confirmations or otherwise. Commissions may be charged
in connection with transactions involving equities and fixed income securities, structured investments, MLPs, ETFs, listed
options on equities and any other securities or assets traded on an agency basis. Commissions may also be charged in
connection with the exercise and assignment of options contracts.
Commission equivalents: an amount charged by a dealer for purchasing or selling securities or other investments in
certain riskless principal transactions. Riskless principal transactions refer to transactions in which a dealer, after having
received an order from a client to buy a particular security, purchases such security from another person to offset a
contemporaneous sale to the client or, after having received an order from a client to sell a particular security, sells such
security to another person to offset a contemporaneous purchase from the client.
Mark-ups: the price charged to a client, less the prevailing market price, which is included in the price of the security.
Mark-downs: the prevailing market price, less the amount a dealer pays to purchase the security from the client, which
is included in the price of the security.
Spreads: the difference between the current purchase or bid price (that is, the price someone is willing to pay) and the
current ask or offer price (that is, the price at which someone is willing to sell), which is reflected in the price of the
security. The difference or spread narrows or widens in response to the supply and demand levels of the security.
Spreads may be included in transactions involving, among other investments, fixed income securities, structured
investments and currencies. Transactions may include a spread in addition to other execution charges such as mark-
ups/mark-downs.
As described further in Item 4, Advisory Business, for Wrap Program clients, commissions and certain other transaction
charges are generally included in the “wrap” fee charged by the Sponsor when trades are executed through the Sponsor,
although certain execution costs are typically not included in this fee and are in certain cases charged to the client. If
transactions are effected through a broker-dealer other than the Sponsor, all transaction charges are charged to the client
in addition to the “wrap” fee.
Additional information about transaction charges is available in Item 12, Brokerage Practices. See also Item 11, Code of
Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading.
Custody, Administration and Other Fees
Custody fees, administration fees and all other fees charged by service providers providing services relating to Advisory
Accounts are levied by the custodian, the administrator or other service providers for the Advisory Account and are not
included in the advisory fees payable to GSAM. An Advisory Account (and fund investors indirectly) will generally bear such
expenses unless provided otherwise in the applicable governing documents. For Workplace Managed Account Services,
fees are paid to a recordkeeper for its recordkeeping and administrative services, which in certain instances may be in
addition to a separate annual base recordkeeping fee.
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Expenses charged to an Advisory Account may include:
(i)
debt-related costs and expenses, including expenses related to raising leverage, refinancing, short term and other
liquidity facilities, derivatives and other arrangements that have the effect of providing leverage, administering and
servicing debt, and the cost of compliance with lender requests (including travel and entertainment expenses
relating to the foregoing);
(ii)
investment-related expenses, including due diligence and research, expenses relating to identifying, investigating,
evaluating, registering, valuing, structuring, closing, purchasing, monitoring, managing (which may include costs and
expenses of attending and/or sponsoring industry conferences or other meetings), servicing, holding, tracking and
harvesting of investments and potential investments (including travel and entertainment expenses relating to the
foregoing), and expenses relating to background checks;
(iii)
expenses related to hedging, including currency, interest rate and/or other hedging strategies, and the settlement of
hedging transactions;
(iv)
legal, tax, administration and accounting expenses, including expenses for preparation of annual audited financial
statements, tax return preparation, tax and legal advice in connection with, among other things, acquiring, holding
and disposing investments, operational matters, wire transfer fees, mailing costs and expenses, amendments to
Advisory Account offering materials, any costs and expenses related to winding-up, dissolution, liquidation or
termination of an Advisory Account, legal costs and expenses associated with indemnity, litigation, claims, tax audit,
arbitration, mediation, government investigation or dispute in connection with the business of an Advisory Account,
and the amount of any judgments or settlements paid in connection therewith or the enforcement of an Advisory
Account’s rights against any person or entity, and expenses related to reporting and filings done by external tax
professionals or for outside consultants engaged to assist GSAM Personnel with regard to such functions, and legal
and administrative costs and expenses relating to the investor consent and shareholder voting processes;
(v)
costs, expenses and fees of any third-party administrator appointed by Advisory Accounts that are pooled
investment vehicles and any other service providers or agents of an Advisory Account (including any domiciliation
agent);
(vi)
professional fees (including, without limitation, fees and expenses of financial advisers, consultants, finders and
experts, as well as fees and expenses in connection with participation in bondholder groups, expenses relating to
third-party valuation agents, restructurings, class actions and other litigation);
(vii)
in the case of Advisory Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles, fees paid in connection with the placement of
interests in such Advisory Accounts;
(viii)
in the case of certain Advisory Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles, fees and expenses incurred in
connection with the activities of advisory committees and their members (in their capacity as such), including, for
example, travel and other expenses associated with meetings and investments, to the extent contemplated in the
governing documents of the applicable Advisory Accounts;
(ix)
in the case of certain Advisory Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles, fees, costs and expenses related to
obtaining, implementing (including initial onboarding), and maintaining (including licensing and subscription fees and
expenses) any cybersecurity, operational, transaction, diligence, compliance, credit facility, portfolio, valuation,
information gathering and/or other related data monitoring and/or reporting software, including custom software;
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(x)
in the case of certain Advisory Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles, fees and expenses in connection with
compliance with side letter obligations, as well as any fees or expenses in connection with rebalancing or “most
favored nations” processes;
(xi)
costs and expenses of operating Advisory Accounts, including fees and expenses of directors, trustees, alternative
investment fund managers, or independent general partners or similar control persons;
(xii)
technology expenses, including news and quotation services;
(xiii)
insurance premiums (which insurance generally covers numerous Advisory Accounts, in which case each participating
Advisory Account is responsible for a share of the premiums);
(xiv) expenses related to compliance by an Advisory Account with any applicable law, rule or directive or any other
regulatory requirement, or compliance with the foregoing requirements by GSAM or its affiliates to the extent such
compliance relates to an Advisory Account’s activities, including (a) in each case, expenses related to reporting and
filings done by external professionals or service providers or for outside consultants engaged to assist GSAM
Personnel with regard to such functions and (b) costs and expenses and fees incurred in connection with
establishing, implementing, monitoring and/or measuring the impact of any ESG policies and programs with respect
to Advisory Accounts or its investments or prospective investments, including, without limitation, all fees, costs, and
expenses incurred in connection with reporting on such ESG policies and programs or otherwise evaluating the
achievement of any ESG objectives by an Advisory Account or its investments or prospective investments;
(xv)
costs and expenses related to warehousing investments and the subsequent conveyance of any such warehoused
investments to an Advisory Account;
(xvi)
fees payable to GSAM or its affiliates for loan servicing, tax, accounting, and administrative services provided by
GSAM or its affiliates to Advisory Accounts (including internal accounting services), which (A) represent (in some
cases as a flat fee per annum) an allocable portion of overhead costs of the departments providing such services and
which generally are determined by GSAM by reference to the amount of time spent by and the seniority of the
employee providing the in-house services and (B) include an allocable portion of the fees and expenses charged by
Broad Street Luxembourg S.à r.l. in connection with its services as an administrator to certain Advisory Accounts;
provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, since the in-house expense allocation process relies on certain judgments
and assessments that in turn are based on information and estimates from various individuals, the allocations that
result may not be exact;
(xvii) costs, expenses and fees incurred by certain Advisory Accounts in connection with any activities, meetings,
conferences, symposia or other gatherings of (a) special committees, councils or advisory groups formed by GSAM
with respect to such Advisory Accounts and (b) representatives of current and prospective portfolio companies
(whether or not the associated investment opportunity is consummated);
(xviii) any other reasonable expenses that are authorized by the applicable governing documents, or that are reasonably
necessary or appropriate in connection with managing an Advisory Account;
(xix)
in the case of Advisory Accounts with stable value objectives, fees charged by providers of Stable Value Contracts,
which can include fees for advisory services;
(xx)
the charges payable to real estate operating platforms established by GSAM Private to service Advisory Account real
estate assets (“Real Estate Operating Platforms”); and
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(xxi)
in all relevant cases of the foregoing expenses, travel and entertainment expenses include any expenses of private air
travel when deemed appropriate by GSAM in its reasonable discretion, after taking into account the risks associated
with public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
For a description of how expenses are allocated to and among Advisory Accounts, see “Allocation of Expenses and Broken-
Deal Expenses” below.
Individual consultants or advisors (some of whom are former employees of Goldman Sachs) are engaged by GSAM on
behalf of certain Advisory Accounts and/or portfolio companies to provide consulting or advisory services to GSAM,
Advisory Accounts and/or portfolio companies, including, without limitation, sourcing, operational consulting, industry
consulting, asset level consulting and other services, and in certain cases, otherwise assisting Advisory Accounts with
respect to the oversight of portfolio companies in which investments are made. These consultants or advisors do not in all
cases work exclusively for GSAM, the Advisory Accounts and/or portfolio companies, and are not employees of GSAM, even
if most or all of their work is performed on behalf of GSAM or at the direction of GSAM. The appropriate level of
compensation for such advisors, consultants or other persons is in certain cases difficult to determine, especially if the
expertise and services the individuals provide are unique and/or tailored to a specific engagement. Compensation paid to
these consultants or advisors for consulting or advisory services related to the Advisory Account or the portfolio company is
generally borne by the Advisory Account, is not offset against the management fee paid by the Advisory Account (which
incentivizes GSAM to retain these advisors, consultants and other persons as independent contractors, rather than hiring
them as employees) and in certain cases includes transaction-based compensation, an annual fee and/or a discretionary
performance-related bonus. In addition to, or in lieu of, consultant or advisory fees, the consultant or advisor may receive
the opportunity to invest in Advisory Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles or specific investments, including on a
no-fee basis or at reduced rates. GSAM does not guarantee the services of any third party, including any third-party
custodian to an Advisory Account, and does not assume any responsibility for the payment of such third parties.
The scope of services provided under the consulting and advisory agreements may include serving on the board of portfolio
companies. When determining the directors of a portfolio company, GSAM in certain situations designates a third party
who is not an employee of GSAM who has specific skills and experience that would benefit the portfolio company.
Consultants, advisors and such third parties typically receive compensation and insurance coverage for serving on the board
of a portfolio company in addition to the compensation noted above, which is paid by a portfolio company or, in certain
cases, by the Advisory Account or GSAM. Such consultants, advisors or other third parties are entitled to retain those
sources of compensation, and such compensation does not offset management fees payable by Advisory Accounts unless
specifically agreed to under the Advisory Account documentation. When determining directors for portfolio companies,
GSAM seeks to choose individuals to maximize the long-term value of the investment, not the amount of the management
fee that is offset, to the extent applicable. From time to time, GSAM is asked to provide, or GSAM offers to provide, to a
portfolio company a list of potential candidates for a position on the board of directors of the portfolio company, including
candidates that meet certain criteria or qualifications. If GSAM provides such a list, it will not be responsible for
determining the suitability of the individuals on the list for the specific director position.
Goldman Sachs has formed certain groups of experts, advisors, consultants, operation consulting experts, thought leaders,
subject matter experts and other persons intended to provide support in connection with the activities of certain Advisory
Accounts (“Consulting Groups”), and may in the future form additional Consulting Groups in respect of certain other
Advisory Accounts. Members of the Consulting Groups may be investors in Advisory Accounts or their portfolio companies,
in each case, on terms that are more favorable than the terms given to the other investors in the same Advisory Account or
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portfolio company, including that, in the discretion of GSAM, certain Consulting Group members may bear no or reduced
management fees or performance-based compensation on all or a portion of (i) their investment in an Advisory Account
and (ii) any investment with respect to which they are co-investors. Members of the Consulting Groups may receive
compensation and/or indemnification for serving on the board of a portfolio company, which may be paid or provided by a
portfolio company or, in certain cases, by the applicable Advisory Account or GSAM. Certain members of a Consulting
Group may participate in one or more of the other Consulting Groups and/or serve as advisors to GSAM with respect to
investment in and management of portfolio company investments (“Industry Advisors”), and, as a result, such members
may receive compensation from their participation in each such Consulting Group and/or their services as Industry
Advisors. Compensation paid to Industry Advisors and members of Consulting Groups for their services related to an
Advisory Account or its portfolio companies will generally be borne by the Advisory Account and will not be offset against
management fees.
To the extent Goldman Sachs provides services to Advisory Accounts that are not included in the advisory fee, Goldman
Sachs will be entitled to retain all such fees and other amounts without offset to any other fees or compensation paid by an
Advisory Account. For additional information about fees for administrative and other services paid to GSAM or its affiliates,
please see above in this Item 5, Fees and Compensation—Other Fees and Expenses—Custody, Administration and Other
Fees.
GSAM Software
GSAM licenses, for a fee, the Software Platform to other WMA Institutions. Such fee may be paid as a license fee to GSAM
or may be included in any WMA Institutional Fees or Workplace Managed Account Fees received by GSAM.
Selection of Service Providers
GSAM, on behalf of Advisory Accounts and their portfolio companies (if any), expects to engage service providers (including
attorneys and consultants) that in certain cases also provide services to Goldman Sachs and other clients managed by other
parts of Goldman Sachs and their portfolio companies (if any). In addition, certain service providers to GSAM, Advisory
Accounts or their portfolio companies are also portfolio companies or other affiliates of GSAM or Advisory Accounts (for
example, a portfolio company of an Advisory Account may retain a portfolio company of another Advisory Account). To the
extent it is involved in such selection, GSAM intends to select these service providers based on a number of factors,
including expertise and experience, knowledge of related or similar products, quality of service, reputation in the
marketplace, relationships with GSAM, Goldman Sachs or others, and price. These service providers may have business,
financial or other relationships with Goldman Sachs (including its personnel), including being a portfolio company of, or
otherwise affiliated with, GSAM, Goldman Sachs, or an Advisory Account. These relationships may influence GSAM’s
selection of these service providers for Advisory Accounts or their portfolio companies. In such circumstances, there is a
conflict of interest between GSAM, Goldman Sachs, and the Advisory Accounts (or their portfolio companies) or between
Advisory Accounts (or their portfolio companies) if the Advisory Accounts (or their portfolio companies) determine not to
engage or continue to engage these service providers.
GSAM may, in its sole discretion, determine to provide, or engage an affiliate of GSAM to provide, certain services,
including, but not limited to, services such as internal legal and accounting services, to Advisory Accounts and their portfolio
companies, instead of engaging one or more third parties to provide such services. Subject to the governing documents of
a particular Advisory Account, GSAM or its affiliates will receive compensation in connection with the provision of such
services. Such compensation is not always negotiated and could be more or less than what a comparable third party might
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charge. As a result, GSAM faces a conflict of interest when selecting service providers for Advisory Accounts and their
portfolio companies. In addition, GSAM may, in its sole discretion, determine to engage a third-party service provider to
provide services to an Advisory Account that were previously provided by GSAM in connection with its investment
management services to such Advisory Account. In such circumstances, the Advisory Account will bear the fees charged by
such service providers in addition to the advisory fees payable to GSAM. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the selection of
service providers will be conducted in accordance with GSAM's fiduciary obligations to Advisory Accounts.
The service providers selected by GSAM may charge different rates to different recipients based on the specific services
provided, the personnel providing the services, the complexity of the services provided, or other factors. As a result, the
rates paid with respect to these service providers by Advisory Accounts or their portfolio companies, on the one hand, may
be more or less favorable than the rates paid by Goldman Sachs, including GSAM, on the other hand. In addition, the rates
paid by GSAM or the Advisory Accounts or their portfolio companies, on the one hand, may be more or less favorable than
the rates paid by other parts of Goldman Sachs or clients managed by other parts of Goldman Sachs or their portfolio
companies, on the other hand.
Goldman Sachs (including GSAM), its personnel, and/or Advisory Accounts may hold investments in companies that provide
services to portfolio companies generally, and, subject to applicable law, GSAM may refer or introduce such companies’
services to portfolio companies that have issued securities that are held in Advisory Accounts.
Allocation of Expenses and Broken-Deal Expenses
Multiple Advisory Accounts may participate in a particular investment or incur expenses applicable in connection with the
operation or management of the Advisory Accounts, or otherwise may be subject to costs or expenses that are allocable to
more than one Advisory Account (which may include, without limitation, research expenses, legal expenses (e.g., expenses
relating to due diligence and deal documentation), technology expenses, valuation agent expenses, expenses relating to
participation in bondholder groups, restructurings, class actions and other litigation, and insurance premiums). GSAM may
allocate investment-related and other expenses on a pro rata or different basis. Certain Advisory Accounts are, by their
terms or by determination of GSAM, on a case-by-case basis, not responsible for their share of such expenses, and, in
addition, GSAM has agreed with certain Advisory Accounts to cap the amount of expenses (or the amount of certain types
of expenses) borne by such Advisory Accounts, which results in such Advisory Accounts not bearing the full share of
expenses they would otherwise have borne as described above. As a result, certain Advisory Accounts are responsible for
bearing a different or greater amount of expenses, while other Advisory Accounts do not bear any, or do not bear their full
share, of such expenses. GSAM may bear any such expenses on behalf of certain Advisory Accounts and not for others, as it
determines in its sole discretion. If GSAM bears expenses on behalf of an Advisory Account and the Advisory Account
subsequently receives reimbursement for such expenses, GSAM will generally be entitled to receive all or a portion of the
amount of such reimbursement, up to the amount that was borne by GSAM on behalf of such Advisory Account.
Advisory Accounts will generally incur expenses with respect to the consideration and pursuit of transactions that are not
ultimately consummated (“broken-deal expenses”). Examples of broken-deal expenses include (i) research costs, (ii) fees
and expenses of legal, financial, accounting, consulting or other advisers (including GSAM or its affiliates) in connection with
conducting due diligence or otherwise pursuing a particular non-consummated transaction, (iii) fees and expenses in
connection with arranging financing for a particular non-consummated transaction, (iv) travel, entertainment and overtime
meal and transportation costs, (v) deposits or down payments that are forfeited in connection with, or amounts paid as a
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penalty for, a particular non-consummated transaction and (vi) other expenses incurred in connection with activities
related to a particular non-consummated transaction.
GSAM has adopted policies and procedures relating to the allocation of broken-deal expenses among Advisory Accounts
and other potential investors. Pursuant to such policies and procedures, broken-deal expenses generally will be allocated
among Advisory Accounts in the manner that GSAM determines to be fair and equitable, which will be pro rata or on a
different basis, including that an Advisory Account may bear more than its pro rata share of such broken-deal
expenses. Notwithstanding the foregoing, and unless otherwise indicated in the applicable governing agreements, offering
memoranda or other documentation, in the case of commingled funds and other Advisory Accounts that, in connection
with their pursuit of a transaction, offer the opportunity to participate in the transaction to certain non-discretionary
Advisory Accounts or other potential investors, including funds organized for the purpose of investing in the specific
transaction (collectively, “Non-Discretionary Co-investors”), if such transaction is not ultimately consummated, the
commingled funds and other Advisory Accounts will generally bear all of the broken-deal expenses, including those that
might otherwise have been allocated to the Non-Discretionary Co-investors. However, in the event that the Non-
Discretionary Co-investors agreed to bear their share of the broken-deal expenses, or co-investors had a contractual right or
other understanding to be offered the right to co-invest in the transaction, they will be allocated their share of the broken-
deal expenses determined in the same manner as Advisory Accounts generally unless otherwise indicated in the applicable
governing agreements, offering memoranda or other documentation, provided that such Non-Discretionary Co-investors
that have the right to, and do, decline to participate in the transaction will not be allocated any portion of the broken-deal
expenses incurred following any such decline (such amount to be determined by GSAM in its reasonable discretion). In
addition, GSAM may bear the allocable share of broken-deal expenses for particular Advisory Accounts or Non-
Discretionary Co-investors and not for others, as it determines in its sole discretion.
PREPAID FEES
Other than as described below with respect to certain MAS clients, Registrants generally do not charge clients fees in
advance. However, in certain limited cases, GSAM does charge clients fees in advance as agreed with the client. Where fees
are paid in advance and the Advisory Account is terminated before the end of a billing period, a client may contact GSAM to
obtain a refund of the applicable portion of the pre-paid fee. Any such refund will be determined based on the terms of the
agreement governing such Advisory Account. In addition, in certain cases, transaction charges or other expenses may be
payable to GSAM or its affiliates at the inception of an investment in a fund or other investment vehicle or a portfolio
company. See this Item 5, Fees and Compensation—Other Fees and Expenses—Transaction Charges.
MAS charges certain clients in advance of the calendar quarter for which it provides advisory services. In such cases, MAS
refunds the full period payment to clients that pay fees in advance and terminate their investment advisory agreements in
writing effective as of the last day of a billing period. If a client that pays fees in advance terminates its investment advisory
agreement in writing effective prior to the last day of a billing period, the investment advisory fee is prorated according to
the number of days in the billing period that the investment advisory agreement was in effect, unless the investment
advisory agreement provides otherwise. Investment advisory agreements typically include a minimum notice period for
termination (often between 30 to 60 days). The amount of any advisory fee refund is calculated based on the effective date
of the termination and not the date the client provides notice of termination. Advisory fee refunds are initiated by MAS
and are generally made by check.
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COMPENSATION FOR THE SALE OF SECURITIES
Generally, except as described below, GSAM Personnel do not receive transaction-based compensation for the sale of
securities or other investment products based upon a predetermined formula. Compensation of GSAM Personnel consists
of a base salary and year-end discretionary variable compensation. While the base salary is established at the beginning of
each year, year-end discretionary variable compensation is based on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to:
contribution to the applicable team’s net revenues for the past year which in part are derived from advisory fees, and for
certain Advisory Accounts, performance-based fees; individual performance and his or her contribution to overall team
performance, including in consideration of certain qualitative factors such as risk management, judgment, compliance and
conduct; the performance of GSAM and Goldman Sachs; anticipated compensation levels among competitor firms; and the
individual’s role, including his or her role with respect to investment performance. Year-end discretionary variable
compensation may be in the form of cash, equity-based awards and/or cash-settled phantom units in specified mutual fund
Advisory Accounts that are tied to the performance of such Advisory Accounts. Certain GSAM Personnel involved in the
marketing, promotion and/or sale of investment products may be eligible to receive transaction-based compensation based
upon a predetermined formula that is in part related to the sale of such products. Certain personnel of GSAM and its
affiliates receive compensation based on the sale of securities or other investment products including interests in Accounts,
including Advisory Accounts. Such compensation may be received in connection with the sale of investment products
(including money market funds) through online trading portals or other technology platforms that are utilized by certain
clients. See Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading.
CLIENT SELECTION OF UNAFFILIATED BROKERS
Clients have the option to purchase certain investment products recommended by GSAM directly or through broker-dealers
that are not affiliated with Goldman Sachs. In some cases, acquiring an investment product through a broker-dealer that is
not affiliated with Goldman Sachs may result in fees and execution charges that are lower than those charged by Goldman
Sachs. In other cases, fees and execution charges may be higher than those charged by Goldman Sachs.
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Certain Advisory Accounts are subject to performance-based compensation (and in certain cases also include an asset-
based compensation component). Performance-based compensation includes carried interest, override, incentive
allocation, performance fees and other similar forms of performance-based compensation.
Performance-based compensation arrangements for Advisory Accounts varies among clients and investment strategies.
Certain Advisory Accounts are subject to performance-based compensation calculated by reference to the relevant high
water marks for such Advisory Accounts, while other Advisory Accounts are subject to performance-based compensation
that is paid only after a specified return has been achieved (a “preferred return”), the thresholds of which vary across
Advisory Accounts. For example, Advisory Accounts (including hedge funds) that invest in readily marketable securities
often provide for an asset-based fee based on the market value of the investments in the account at specified month or
quarter ends and/or performance-based compensation calculated based on the applicable high water mark. Other Advisory
Accounts, such as Advisory Accounts (including private equity funds) that invest in assets which lack a readily available
market value, provide for an asset-based fee based on the investor’s capital commitment to the account or based on the
amount of such commitment that is invested and performance-based compensation, typically in the form of a carried
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interest, that is subject to a preferred return. These different types of performance-based compensation result in certain
Advisory Accounts paying higher or lower performance-based fees than other Advisory Accounts.
Advisory Accounts that bear performance-based compensation reward GSAM for positive performance in those Advisory
Accounts. Performance-based compensation arrangements provide a heightened incentive for portfolio managers to make
investments that may present a greater potential for return but also a greater risk of loss, or that may be more speculative
than would exist if only asset-based fees were applied.
The simultaneous management of Advisory Accounts that bear performance-based compensation and Advisory Accounts
that only bear an asset-based fee, or that bear performance-based compensation that is calculated in a different manner,
creates a conflict of interest as the portfolio manager has an incentive to favor Advisory Accounts with the potential to bear
greater fees when allocating resources, services, functions or investment opportunities among Advisory Accounts. For
example, a portfolio manager will be faced with a conflict of interest when allocating scarce investment opportunities,
given the possibly greater compensation from Advisory Accounts that bear performance-based compensation, as opposed
to Advisory Accounts that bear no performance-based compensation. In addition, in cases where a particular Advisory
Account invests alongside other Advisory Accounts in the same investment opportunity, GSAM will have an incentive to
manage certain investment or disposition decisions for such Advisory Accounts in a manner that maximizes the amount of
aggregate performance compensation payable to GSAM, including not disposing of investments when it would otherwise
be to the financial advantage of the particular Advisory Account, which could result in adverse consequences for the
particular Advisory Account. To address these types of conflicts, GSAM has adopted policies and procedures under which
allocation decisions may not be influenced by compensation arrangements and investment opportunities will be allocated
in a manner that GSAM believes is consistent with its obligations and fiduciary duties as an investment adviser. GSAM’s
policies and procedures relating to allocation of investment opportunities are described further below. Investment groups
within GSAM are subject to these and/or other similar policies and procedures that are consistent with GSAM’s obligations
and fiduciary duties as an investment adviser and that address circumstances that may be unique to their businesses. No
assurance can be made that these policies and procedures will have their desired effect.
Notwithstanding GSAM’s allocation policies, the availability, amount, timing, structuring or terms of investments available
to particular Advisory Accounts, including Advisory Accounts engaging in the same or similar strategies, differ in certain
cases.
SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT OF ADVISORY ACCOUNTS; ALLOCATION OF OPPORTUNITIES
GSAM manages or advises multiple Advisory Accounts (including Advisory Accounts in which Goldman Sachs and personnel
of Goldman Sachs have an interest) that have investment objectives that are the same or similar and that seek to make or
sell investments in the same securities or other instruments, sectors or strategies. This creates potential conflicts,
particularly in circumstances where the availability or liquidity of investment opportunities is limited. Areas in which such
limited opportunities may exist include, without limitation, in local and emerging markets, high yield securities, fixed-
income securities, direct loan originations, regulated industries, real estate assets, primary investments and secondary
interests in private investment funds, direct or indirect investments in and co-investments alongside private investment
funds, investments in MLPs in the oil and gas industry, IPOs/New Issues and privately-issued debt securities. Opportunities
also exist where Advisers limit the number of investors in (or the size of) their Underlying Funds, or the amount of assets in
accounts that they manage. For example, limited availability may exist with certain Advisers or with respect to certain
classes of interests issued by an Underlying Fund that have better terms than other classes or where GSAM has negotiated
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different investment terms (including, without limitation, lower fees or more frequent liquidity than other investors) with
an Adviser for itself and its clients but the Adviser limits the size of the investment by Goldman Sachs and its clients that will
be subject to such terms. If GSAM wishes to transfer an existing investment that would be subject to the different terms or
fee arrangements depending upon the Advisory Accounts to which it is transferred, GSAM faces potential conflicts in
connection with the allocation of such investments among Advisory Accounts.
To address these potential conflicts, GSAM has developed allocation policies and procedures that provide that GSAM
Personnel making portfolio decisions for Advisory Accounts will make investment decisions for, and allocate investment
opportunities among, Advisory Accounts consistent with GSAM’s fiduciary obligations. These policies and procedures could
result in the pro rata allocation (on a basis determined by GSAM) of limited opportunities across eligible Advisory Accounts
managed by a particular portfolio management team, but in other cases such allocation may not be pro rata. Furthermore,
certain investment opportunities sourced by GSAM, or Goldman Sachs businesses or divisions outside of GSAM, may be
allocated to Goldman Sachs for its own account or investment vehicles organized to facilitate investment by its current or
former directors, partners, trustees, managers, members, officers, employees, and their families and related entities,
including employee benefit plans in which they participate, and current consultants (“GSAM Employee Funds”), and not to
client accounts. See Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading,
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions—Certain Effects of the Activities of Goldman Sachs and Advisory Accounts.
Allocation-related decisions for Advisory Accounts are made by reference to one or more factors and suitability
considerations. Factors may include:
Date of inception of the Advisory Account;
Advisory Account investment horizons and objectives (including with respect to portfolio construction and
targeted returns);
Different levels of exposure to certain strategies, including sector oriented, concentrated new opportunities or
other strategies;
Risk profile of the investment;
Client-specific investment guidelines, restrictions and instructions, including, without limitation, the ability to
utilize leverage or hedge through short sales or other techniques;
Whether Advisory Accounts give GSAM discretion or request client approval for investments;
Whether the timing of the Advisory Account’s execution of the transaction has an adverse effect on other Advisory
Accounts or GSAM potentially participating in the investment opportunity;
Current and expected future capacity of applicable Advisory Accounts;
Limits on GSAM’s brokerage discretion, including client directed brokerage arrangements;
Tax sensitivity and objectives of Advisory Accounts;
Cash and liquidity needs and other considerations, including, without limitation, availability of cash for investment
(e.g., purchase orders for a Wrap Program account are generally only executed to the extent of available cash);
Relative sizes and expected future sizes of applicable Advisory Accounts and eligible capital;
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Anticipated magnitude of the overall investment program for the then current year and any changes in the rate at
which the program is carried out;
Expected future capacity of the applicable Adviser and/or Underlying Fund and limitations set by the applicable
Adviser and/or Underlying Fund or other relevant parties;
Availability (or lack thereof) of other appropriate or substantially similar investment opportunities;
Whether an opportunity exists to invest in different layers in the capital structure of a company;
Legal and regulatory restrictions affecting certain Advisory Accounts or affecting holdings across Advisory
Accounts, which may result in adjusting existing or future positions across Advisory Accounts and may
consequently open up capacity for new Advisory Accounts or Advisory Account cash-flows;
Minimum denomination, minimum increments, de minimis threshold, maximum position sizes, and round lot
considerations;
Limitations set by relevant parties (e.g., Unaffiliated Advisers) and any relevant contractual provisions;
Differences in benchmark factors and hedging strategies among Advisory Accounts;
Current investments held by Advisory Accounts similar to the applicable investment opportunity;
Whether an investment opportunity constitutes a follow-on investment with respect to a particular asset held in
certain Advisory Accounts;
The relationship of Advisory Accounts with particular issuers, Unaffiliated Advisers or investment opportunities, or
sourcing or other investment-related activities of Advisory Accounts or the GSAM teams managing such Advisory
Accounts;
Reputational matters and other such considerations;
Suitability requirements and the nature of the investment opportunity;
GSAM’s perception of a potential co-investment party’s interest; and
The source of the investment opportunity.
Suitability considerations may include:
Relative attractiveness of an investment to different Advisory Accounts;
Concentration of industry sector, sub-strategy, or positions in an Advisory Account;
Appropriateness of a security for the applicable benchmark, if any, and benchmark sensitivity of an Advisory
Account;
An Advisory Account’s risk tolerance, risk parameters and strategy allocations;
Use of the opportunity as a replacement for an opportunity that GSAM believes to be attractive for an Advisory
Account but is otherwise unavailable to the Advisory Account (including for legal or regulatory reasons); and/or
Considerations relating to hedging a position in a pair trade.
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Non-proportional allocations may occur across Advisory Accounts, including, without limitation, in fixed-income securities
due to the availability of multiple appropriate or substantially similar investments in fixed-income strategies, as well as due
to differences in benchmark factors, hedging strategies, or other reasons. In addition, the fact that certain personnel of
Goldman Sachs are dedicated to one or more Advisory Accounts or clients is in certain cases a factor in determining the
allocation of opportunities (including private equity opportunities and IPOs/New Issues) sourced by such personnel.
Investment opportunities sourced by one portfolio management team may not be made available to Advisory Accounts
managed by other portfolio management teams. In addition, certain portfolio management teams transact with Goldman
Sachs on behalf of Advisory Accounts, whereas other portfolio management teams, including teams utilizing the same
investment strategy, do not. As a result, certain Advisory Accounts receive allocations of certain investment opportunities,
including IPO/New Issues and other profitable investments, that are not available to Advisory Accounts managed by
portfolio management teams that do not transact with Goldman Sachs.
GSAM, from time to time, develops and implements new trading strategies or seeks to participate in new trading strategies
and investment opportunities. These strategies and opportunities are not employed in all Advisory Accounts or employed
pro rata among Advisory Accounts where they are used, even if the strategy or opportunity is consistent with the objectives
of such accounts.
Further, a trading strategy employed for one Advisory Account that is similar to, or the same as, that of another Advisory
Account may be implemented differently, sometimes to a material extent. For example, an Advisory Account may invest in
different securities or other assets, or invest in the same securities and other assets but in different proportions, than
another Advisory Account with the same or similar trading strategy. The implementation of an Advisory Account’s trading
strategy depends on a variety of factors, including the portfolio managers involved in managing the trading strategy for the
Advisory Account, the time difference associated with the location of different portfolio management teams, and the
factors described above. In addition to such factors, GSAM may make decisions based on other factors such as strategic fit
and other portfolio management considerations, including an Advisory Account’s capacity for such strategy or opportunity,
the liquidity of the strategy and its underlying instruments, the Advisory Account’s liquidity, the business risk of the strategy
relative to an Advisory Account’s overall portfolio make-up, and the lack of efficacy of, or return expectations from, the
strategy for the Advisory Account. For example, such a determination may, but will not necessarily, include consideration of
the expectation that a particular strategy will not have a meaningful impact on an Advisory Account given the overall size of
the account, the limited availability of opportunities in the strategy and/or the availability of other strategies for the
account.
As referenced in the factors above, certain Advisers and/or Underlying Funds may accommodate only a limited amount of
capital or may otherwise refuse to manage some or all of the assets that GSAM may wish to allocate to them. In allocating
capacity-constrained investment opportunities among Advisory Accounts, GSAM may reserve certain portions of such
investment opportunities for prospective Advisory Accounts or existing Advisory Accounts that have not yet made a
determination to make the investment, which may lead to certain existing Advisory Accounts that have determined to
make the investment not receiving an allocation, or receiving a lower than desired allocation, with respect to an investment
opportunity even when GSAM has capacity to allocate such opportunity to such existing Advisory Accounts.
In addition, in some cases where a particular Advisory Account has a similar investment program and investment strategy
to one or more other Advisory Accounts, certain potential Advisers and/or Underlying Funds may prefer to receive the
capital of the other Advisory Accounts over the capital of the particular Advisory Account (or vice versa). In such cases, the
potential Advisers and/or Underlying Funds may offer investment opportunities and/or more favorable terms to the
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preferred Advisory Account(s). Moreover, an Advisory Account whose capital is preferred by an Adviser and/or Underlying
Fund may receive less favorable terms when investing as part of a fund complex than if it invested alone.
Advisory Accounts may also invest in Affiliated Products at or near the establishment of such Affiliated Products, which may
facilitate the Affiliated Products achieving a specified size or scale. Conversely, Advisory Accounts may also invest in
Affiliated Products that are near the end of their life and investment by Advisory Accounts may allow such products to
continue in operation.
During periods of unusual market conditions, GSAM may deviate from its normal trade allocation practices. For example,
this may occur with respect to the management of unlevered and/or long-only Advisory Accounts that are typically
managed on a side-by-side basis with levered and/or long-short Advisory Accounts. During such periods, GSAM will seek to
exercise a disciplined process for determining allocations (including to Accounts in which Goldman Sachs and its personnel
have an interest).
As a result of the various considerations above, there will be cases in which certain Advisory Accounts (including Advisory
Accounts in which Goldman Sachs and personnel of Goldman Sachs have an interest) receive an allocation of an investment
opportunity (including an investment opportunity sourced by or available from GSAM or affiliates of GSAM) at times that
other Advisory Accounts do not, or when other Advisory Accounts receive an allocation of such opportunities but on
different terms (which may be less favorable). In addition, due to regulatory or other considerations, the receipt of an
investment opportunity by certain Advisory Accounts may restrict or limit the ability of other Advisory Accounts to receive
an allocation of the same opportunity. The application of these considerations may cause differences in the performance of
different Advisory Accounts that employ the same or similar strategies.
Certain Advisory Accounts may be unable to participate directly in particular types of investment opportunities (including
those sourced by or available from GSAM or affiliates of GSAM), such as certain types of loans, due to the nature and/or
size of the Advisory Accounts or limitations or prohibitions in applicable loan or transaction documentation. In addition,
certain Advisory Accounts may be limited in their ability to participate in a particular investment opportunity due to the
timing or specific nature of such investment opportunity. Such Advisory Accounts may only be able to access such
investment opportunities indirectly through an investment in an Advisory Account that is a pooled investment vehicle,
which investment would result in additional management fees and/or performance-based compensation payable to GSAM.
In certain cases, one or more funds or other Advisory Accounts (“Primary Vehicles”) are intended to be GSAM’s primary
investment vehicles focused on, or receive priority with respect to, a particular strategy or type of investment (as
determined in GSAM’s discretion, and including investments sourced by or available from GSAM or affiliates of GSAM) as
compared to other funds or Advisory Accounts. In such cases, such other funds or Advisory Accounts may not have access
to such strategy or type of investment, or may have more limited access than would otherwise be the case. For example,
access to such strategies or types of investments may only be available to certain Advisory Account clients through an
investment in a Primary Vehicle, which investment would result in additional management fees and/or performance-based
compensation payable to GSAM. In addition, other Accounts (including Accounts in which Goldman Sachs and personnel of
Goldman Sachs have an interest) participate (through GSAM or through other areas of Goldman Sachs) in investment
opportunities that would be appropriate for such funds or other Advisory Accounts. Participation by such Accounts in such
transactions may reduce or eliminate the availability of investment opportunities to, or otherwise adversely affect, Advisory
Accounts. Furthermore, in cases in which one or more funds or other Advisory Accounts are intended to be GSAM’s primary
investment vehicles focused on, or receive priority with respect to, a particular trading strategy or type of investment, such
funds or other Advisory Accounts have specific policies or guidelines with respect to Advisory Accounts, other Accounts or
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other persons receiving the opportunity to invest alongside such funds or other Advisory Accounts with respect to one or
more investments (“Co-Investment Opportunities”). As a result, certain Advisory Accounts, other Accounts or other
persons will receive allocations to, or rights to invest in, Co-Investment Opportunities that are not available generally to
other Advisory Accounts. See this Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management—Co-Investment
Opportunities below.
In addition, in some cases GSAM makes investment recommendations to Advisory Accounts that make investment
decisions independently of GSAM. In circumstances in which there is limited availability of an investment opportunity, if
such Advisory Accounts participate in the investment opportunity at the same time as, or prior to, other Advisory Accounts,
the availability of the investment opportunity for other Advisory Accounts will be reduced irrespective of GSAM’s policies
regarding allocations of investments.
In certain cases, persons or entities who do not have an Advisory Account relationship with GSAM receive portions of
investment opportunities from GSAM, even though there is no investment advisory relationship between GSAM and such
persons or entities. Such parties include, without limitation, persons or entities with which Advisory Accounts have a
business or other relationship. Such persons or entities may have investment objectives or business strategies that are the
same as or similar to the investment objectives or investment programs of Advisory Accounts, and may seek to make or sell
investments in the same securities or other instruments, sectors or strategies as Advisory Accounts. Although a particular
investment opportunity may be appropriate for both such a person or entity and an Advisory Account (including without
limitation an Advisory Account which has an interest in or relationship with such person or entity), such opportunity may be
offered in whole or in part to the person or entity that does not have an Advisory Account relationship in accordance with
GSAM’s policies and procedures. In addition, due to regulatory or other considerations, the receipt by the person or entity
of an investment opportunity may restrict or limit the ability of a related Advisory Account to receive all or a portion of the
same opportunity.
IPO/NEW ISSUE ALLOCATION POLICIES
Allocation of initial public offerings or new issues (“IPO/New Issue”) will be effected consistent with fiduciary duties and in
accordance with the general allocation policies and procedures outlined above under Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and
Side-by-Side Management—Side-By-Side Management of Advisory Accounts; Allocation of Opportunities. The application of
the relevant factors may result in non-pro rata allocations, and certain Advisory Accounts (including Advisory Accounts in
which Goldman Sachs and personnel of Goldman Sachs have an interest) may receive an allocation when other Advisory
Accounts do not. For example, as described above in this Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management,
Side-By-Side Management of Advisory Accounts; Allocation of Opportunities, Advisory Accounts managed by a portfolio
management team that transacts with Goldman Sachs may receive allocations of IPO/New Issues and other profitable
investments that are not available to Advisory Accounts managed by portfolio management teams, including teams that
utilize the same investment strategy, that do not transact with Goldman Sachs. Allocations may be adjusted under certain
circumstances, for example in situations where pro rata allocations would result in de minimis positions or odd lots.
Furthermore, some Advisory Accounts are not eligible to participate in an IPO/New Issue where, for example, the
investment guidelines for an Advisory Account prohibit IPOs/New Issues, the account is a directed brokerage account
(including accounts in the Wrap Program), or the account is owned by persons restricted from participating in IPOs/New
Issues pursuant to Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Rules 5130 and/or 5131, as amended, supplemented and
interpreted from time to time, or other applicable laws or rules or prudent policies in any jurisdiction.
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DISCRETIONARY AND NON-DISCRETIONARY ACCOUNTS
GSAM provides non-discretionary investment advisory services where GSAM advises Advisory Accounts on one or more of
purchasing, selling, investing, holding, valuing, or exercising rights with respect to particular investments, but does not have
discretion to execute purchases or sales on behalf of the Advisory Accounts without the specific instruction of the client. In
certain cases, GSAM advises with respect to the same or similar securities in discretionary and non-discretionary Advisory
Accounts. There may be timing differences related to the transmission of advice to non-discretionary Advisory Account
clients for consideration and a determination of whether to act on the advice. As a result, in certain cases GSAM executes
trades in investments for discretionary Advisory Accounts in advance of GSAM communicating with non-discretionary
account clients about those investments. As a result, particularly with large orders, where the investments are scarce or
thinly traded, or where pricing changes after discretionary Advisory Accounts invest (including because the applicable
investment provides fees, such as original issue discount or origination fees, or other benefits to investors who participate
in the investment at inception), non-discretionary Advisory Accounts receive allocations or prices that in certain cases are
less favorable than those obtained for discretionary Advisory Accounts. In particular, it is the policy of HFS to consider
demand from HFS Advisory Accounts that do not require prior investment approval from clients in scarce capacity
allocations before considering demand from other HFS Advisory Accounts. In addition, in certain cases, non-discretionary
Advisory Accounts and/or HFS Advisory Accounts that do require prior investment approval from clients may also be unable
to dispose of a particular security.
In other cases, GSAM advises discretionary accounts independently of non-discretionary accounts. For example, in
connection with non-discretionary Advisory Accounts, GSAM may have information with respect to pending purchases or
sales, or relating to a non-discretionary client’s business and financial position, each of which may affect GSAM’s advice to
such non-discretionary client. In the event that GSAM considers such information to be of a sensitive nature, GSAM may, on
a case by case basis, elect to implement internal policies and procedures (including, where appropriate, the use of
information barriers) to manage the flow of such information within GSAM, which may prevent the transmission or affect
the timing of transmission of certain advice to some accounts.
CO-INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
As described above, in cases in which one or more funds or other Advisory Accounts are intended to be GSAM’s primary
investment vehicles focused on, or that receive priority with respect to, a particular strategy or type of investment, such
funds or other Advisory Accounts have specific policies or guidelines with respect to Advisory Accounts, other Accounts or
other persons receiving Co-Investment Opportunities, which will result in certain Advisory Accounts, other Accounts or
other persons receiving allocations to, or rights to invest in, Co-Investment Opportunities that are not available to Advisory
Accounts generally.
Policies relating to Co-Investment Opportunities depend on the type of funds or other Advisory Accounts and the
particulars of their investment programs, among other factors. Typically, policies relating to Co-Investment Opportunities
are tailored to the funds or other Advisory Accounts that are the primary investment vehicles focused on, or that receive
priority with respect to, the applicable investment opportunity. Generally, Co-Investment Opportunities are made available
when GSAM determines that while it is in the best interests of the funds or other Advisory Accounts to acquire the full
amount of a particular investment (as opposed to not making the investment), it is further in the best interests of the funds
or other Advisory Accounts, due to diversification, portfolio management, leverage management, investment profile, risk
tolerance or other exposure guidelines or limitations, cash flow or other considerations, for the funds or other Advisory
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Accounts to acquire or otherwise hold less economic exposure to the investment than the full amount. In addition, GSAM
provides Co-Investment Opportunities (including opportunities to make investments in accordance with a particular
investment thesis utilized by an Advisory Account alongside such Advisory Account) to certain persons, including certain of
GSAM’s non-discretionary clients, if the capacity available with respect to an investment opportunity exceeds the amount
that GSAM determines is appropriate or optimal for the Advisory Account participating in such investment opportunity.
Generally, GSAM has broad discretion in determining to whom and in what relative amounts to allocate Co-Investment
Opportunities. Factors GSAM may take into account include, but are not limited to:
The magnitude and nature of a potential recipient’s relationship with Goldman Sachs, if any;
Whether such potential recipient is able to assist or provide a benefit to the funds, Advisory Accounts and/or
Goldman Sachs in connection with the potential transaction or otherwise;
Whether GSAM believes the potential recipient is able to execute a transaction quickly or is willing to bear
expenses associated with a potential transaction that is not consummated;
Whether the potential recipient is expected to provide expertise or other advantages in connection with a
particular investment; and
GSAM’s evaluation of its past experiences and relationships with the potential recipient, such as the willingness or
ability of the potential recipient to respond promptly and/or affirmatively to potential investment opportunities
previously offered by GSAM.
Co-Investment Opportunities may or may not give preference to investors in the applicable funds or other Advisory
Accounts, or investors that have made commitments over a certain threshold as opposed to other investors, and Co-
Investment Opportunities may be provided in connection with a commitment to a fund or other Advisory Account. No
Advisory Account or other person (including Advisory Accounts that are similarly situated to Advisory Accounts or other
persons receiving Co-Investment Opportunities) will have any right to any Co-Investment Opportunity unless such person
has entered into an agreement with respect thereto. GSAM generally is under no obligation to offer Co-Investment
Opportunities to investors in the applicable funds or other Advisory Accounts and may offer Co-Investment Opportunities
to investors in other funds or Advisory Accounts, or to third parties, in its discretion. Neither GSAM clients nor PWM clients
of GS&Co. should expect to be offered Co-Investment Opportunities.
Co-Investment Opportunities are provided on a case-by-case basis as they arise or in the form of priority rights with respect
to future Co-Investment Opportunities. GSAM may or may not receive fees or other compensation in connection with Co-
Investment Opportunities. Co-Investment Opportunities may be acquired at the same time and on the same terms as the
funds or other Advisory Accounts making the primary investment, or at different times or on different terms, including in a
subsequent sale by one or more of such funds or other Advisory Accounts to the participants in a Co-Investment
Opportunity. The price at which an Advisory Account acquires an investment in connection with a Co-Investment
Opportunity may be based upon cost and may or may not include an interest component or may reflect adjustments to the
value of the investment following acquisition by the selling Advisory Account. See Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or
Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Principal Trading and Cross/Agency Cross Transactions with Advisory
Accounts. As described above, GSAM may make (or commit to make), or may cause one or more Advisory Accounts to
make (or commit to make) an investment in a portfolio company with the intent to sell a portion of such investment to
potential co-investors. If GSAM is not successful in selling such a Co-Investment Opportunity to such potential co-investors,
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the applicable Advisory Accounts will hold a greater concentration and have greater exposure in such portfolio company
than what would be deemed optimal, and will bear the entire portion of any broken-deal expenses and other costs and
expenses related to such investment. However, as indicated above, GSAM will not cause Advisory Accounts to make (or
commit to make) an investment in a portfolio company unless GSAM determines that it is in the best interests of such
Advisory Accounts to acquire the full amount of a particular investment (as opposed to not making the investment).
In addition, GSAM is incentivized to offer certain potential co-investors (including, by way of example, as a part of a
strategic relationship or based on the size of such co-investor’s commitment, individually and in the aggregate, to the
Advisory Accounts within their commitment periods) opportunities to co-invest in opportunities of a certain size, in priority
and/or on more favorable terms as compared to other co-investors because the extent to which any such co-investor
participates in (or is offered) co-investment opportunities may impact the amount of performance-based compensation
and/or management fees (as well as any discounts or rebates thereof that may result if certain target co-investment
allocations or other conditions under such arrangements are not achieved) to which GSAM and/or its affiliates may be
entitled under such arrangements with such co-investors. The allocation of expenses, and in particular broken-deal
expenses, with respect to Non-Discretionary Co-investors is discussed in further detail above in Item 5, Fees and
Compensation—Other Fees and Expenses—Allocation of Expenses and Broken-Deal Expenses.
Co-Investments by Certain Advisory Accounts
GSAM has formed, and expects to form one or more additional, Advisory Accounts that are business development
companies or registered investment companies from time to time (collectively, the “GS RICs”) that will invest alongside
certain other Advisory Accounts. The GS RICs are subject to certain regulatory and other considerations that constrain their
operations, which could have an impact on Advisory Accounts that co-invest alongside the GS RICs. For example, if in
connection with a debt investment by an Advisory Account that is a private fund and any GS RICs, the GS RICs are also
providing an associated revolving loan, the Advisory Account that is a private fund would also be required, pursuant to an
exemptive order applicable to the GS RICs, to participate in the revolving loan in order for the GS RICs to make such
investment. In addition, if an Advisory Account were to participate in co-investments alongside any GS RICs, the Advisory
Account may dispose of such an investment if the GS RICs are given the opportunity to dispose of the investment on the
same terms and determine not to do so.
GSAM expects to source investments for Advisory Accounts based on their investment objectives and strategy, but due to
the existence of the GS RICs there may be certain investments that are structured differently or that have different terms or
that are disposed of differently than they would have absent the existence of the GS RICs. While there are restrictions
imposed on other Advisory Accounts as a result of co-investing alongside GS RICs, GSAM believes such restrictions are
outweighed by the benefits received by such other Advisory Accounts for participating in such co-investment opportunities,
including broader access to deal-making expertise across GSAM and access to advantageous investment opportunities as a
result of having larger pools of capital for investment.
PROVISION OF PORTFOLIO INFORMATION TO MODEL PORTFOLIO ADVISERS
GSAM provides model portfolios, including, without limitation, equity security models and multi-asset class models, directly
and indirectly through third-party investment platforms, to affiliated and unaffiliated investment advisers (“Model Portfolio
Advisers”) who use such model portfolios to assist in developing their own investment recommendations and managing
their own client accounts. Accounts managed by Model Portfolio Advisers are referred to herein as “Model Portfolio
Accounts.” Model Portfolio Accounts are advisory clients of the Model Portfolio Advisers and not GSAM. As a result, GSAM
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is not a fiduciary with respect to the Model Portfolio Accounts. In addition, certain Model Portfolio Advisers may white label
or co-brand the model portfolios provided by GSAM to the Model Portfolio Accounts.
Trades on behalf of accounts that commence trading after the others may be subject to price movements caused by the
earlier trades, particularly with large orders or where the securities are thinly traded. As a result, Model Portfolio Accounts
may not track the model and Model Portfolio Accounts and Advisory Accounts may receive prices that are less favorable
than the prices obtained for other accounts. This could occur, for example, because of time zone differences, the
dissemination of information regarding model portfolios or any updates thereto to different Model Portfolio Advisers at
different times as described below, delays by a Model Portfolio Adviser, or other reasons that cause orders to be placed at
different times. Any delay in the communication or receipt of information regarding, or updates to, model portfolios may in
certain instances reduce or eliminate the usefulness of such model portfolios to Model Portfolio Advisers, Model Portfolio
Accounts and Advisory Accounts. See also Item 12, Aggregation of Orders, for information regarding the allocation of
securities relating to orders that are executed on an aggregated basis.
GSAM may (but need not) delay communicating information regarding model portfolios or any updates thereto to Model
Portfolio Advisers until after Advisory Accounts have commenced trading. In addition, there may be circumstances outside
of GSAM’s control which result in timing differences in the receipt of information regarding, or updates to, model portfolios
by a particular Model Portfolio Adviser or Model Portfolio Account, on the one hand, and Advisory Accounts or other
persons, on the other hand. In such circumstances, Model Portfolio Advisers, including personnel of PWM who make
execution decisions for certain Model Portfolio Accounts, will not have had the chance to evaluate or act upon the model
portfolio recommendations prior to the time at which other Advisory Accounts received such recommendations and had
the opportunity to act upon them. It is also possible that Model Portfolio Advisers, including PWM personnel who make
execution decisions for certain Model Portfolio Accounts, will act upon such recommendations before other Advisory
Accounts have commenced trading based on such recommendations. In certain circumstances, GSAM rotates which Model
Portfolio Accounts receive information regarding model portfolios or any updates thereto in order to disseminate models
fairly over time.
GSAM has retained a third-party service provider to assist in the delivery of model portfolios to certain Model Portfolio
Accounts. This service provider will provide the relevant Model Portfolio Accounts in accordance with its own trade
rotation policy, which may be similar to, or different from, GSAM’s trade rotation policy.
Notwithstanding such trade rotations or other applicable policies, there can be no assurance that a particular Model
Portfolio Account will not be disadvantaged relative to other Model Portfolio Accounts or Advisory Accounts during a
particular period of time or over the life of the particular Model Portfolio Account.
Item 7 – Types of Clients
TYPES OF CLIENTS
GSAM provides investment solutions to a range of individual and institutional investors worldwide. GSAM’s clients include
individuals, families and family entities, banks and thrift institutions, pooled investment vehicles, pension and profit sharing
plans, trusts, estates, charitable organizations, insurance companies, corporations, and other business entities. In addition
to those types of clients, GSAM provides investment advice to U.S. and non-U.S. government entities, sovereign wealth
funds, local authorities and public international bodies, as well as mutual funds, closed end funds (including business
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development companies), exchange traded funds, interval funds, collective trusts, long-only pooled investment vehicles
(direct and Manager of Manager Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles), hedge funds (direct and funds-of-funds),
private equity funds, real estate funds, securitization vehicles and other private investment vehicles (e.g., XIG Program
Funds).
GSAM also has client and other relationships with other entities, including special purpose acquisition vehicles, operating
companies, and commodity ETFs. GSAM provides various services to these entities, including management and other
services in relation to their business strategies and operations. GSAM (or an affiliate of GSAM) receives compensation in
exchange for these services, which may include asset and/or performance-based compensation or other forms of
compensation (e.g., equity interests in such entities). GSAM does not provide services to these entities pursuant to
investment advisory contracts and GSAM’s relationships with these clients are not investment advisory relationships. As a
result, investors in such entities generally do not have the protections of the substantive provisions of the Advisers Act and
may not have the protections of the substantive provisions of certain other laws and regulations. However, GSAM in its
discretion may, and in many cases does, operate such entities in accordance with, and take such entities into account for
purposes of, certain of the policies and procedures described herein. In particular, such entities generally receive
allocations of opportunities from GSAM, and generally are included in GSAM’s allocation procedures, as described above in
Item 6, Performance Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management—Side-By-Side Management of Advisory Accounts;
Allocation of Opportunities. In addition, GSAM’s activities on behalf of such entities in certain situations creates conflicts of
interest between such entities, on the one hand, and Advisory Accounts, on the other hand, that are the same as or similar
to the conflicts that arise between Advisory Accounts, or between an Advisory Account, on the one hand, and an Account,
on the other hand, as described in Item 6, Performance Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management and Item 11, Code of
Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading.
ACCOUNT REQUIREMENTS
Except as described below with respect to Retail Managed Account Services Enrolled Participant Accounts, GSAM does not
generally impose a minimum dollar value of assets in order to open or maintain an account. However, GSAM does consider
the minimum annual fee an account is expected to generate when determining whether to open or maintain an account.
GSAM may take into account the dollar value of assets expected to be managed in an account, as well as the type of
investment strategy to be employed, in determining whether to open or maintain a separately managed account. Retail
Managed Account Services Enrolled Participant Accounts are subject to a minimum account size of $5,000, unless such
minimum is waived by GSAM in its sole discretion.
In the case of consulting or Wrap Programs sponsored by certain broker-dealers, GSAM generally requires clients to have
minimum assets under management of $100,000. The minimum account size applicable to GSAM clients with “dual
contract,” “single contract” or sub-advisory managed account arrangements may differ from that applicable to GSAM
clients participating in consulting or Wrap Programs.
To open or maintain an Advisory Account with GSAM, clients are required to sign an investment advisory agreement that,
among other things, describes the nature of the investment advisory authority given to GSAM. Under delegated authority
from one or more of its affiliates, GSAM also manages certain accounts of its affiliates’ clients and receives a portion of the
fee or other compensation paid by the client from the affiliate for such services. In such cases, the client will have entered
into an investment advisory agreement with Goldman Sachs or with GSAM’s affiliate and not GSAM.
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In the case of certain separately managed accounts and private investment funds, U.S. investors must generally be
“accredited investors” as defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
“1933 Act”), “qualified purchasers” as defined in Section 2(a)(51)(A) of the Investment Company Act and “qualified eligible
persons” under Rule 4.7 of the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act, as amended. The minimum amount investors must invest in
such GSAM-managed funds and accounts is set forth in each such fund’s prospectus or other relevant offering document
and varies from fund to fund depending on the particular investment product. Such minimum amount is typically between
$500,000 and $25,000,000, although may be lower (as is the case for GSAM Employee Funds) or higher, and may be waived
in the discretion of a fund’s general partner, managing member, board of directors, or other managing body.
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
GSAM and its investment teams offer a broad range of products across asset classes, regions and the risk spectrum. These
investment teams are described below.
GSAM’s investment teams use a variety of proprietary and non-proprietary analysis and data to evaluate investment
options and formulate investment advice for Advisory Accounts. The methods of analysis and particular account
characteristics will vary depending on the particular investment strategy offered, but may include fundamental or
quantitative (including asset allocation models) analysis as well as ESG and impact strategies. Additional sources of research
information include other general information and analysis as may be appropriate under the circumstances. Advisory
Accounts differ from portfolio management group to portfolio management group, and guidelines, strategies and sub-
strategies differ among Advisory Accounts.
The investment processes used by GSAM’s investment teams consider a wide range of factors, indicators, and/or risks, and
no one factor or other consideration is determinative. For certain strategies, as part of the applicable team’s investment
process, the investment team may integrate ESG factors with traditional fundamental factors. The identification of a risk
related to an ESG factor will not necessarily exclude a particular security and/or sector that, in the applicable investment
team’s view, is otherwise suitable and attractively priced for investment, and certain teams may invest in a security or
sector without integrating ESG factors or considerations into their fundamental investment processes. The relevance of
specific traditional fundamental factors and ESG factors to the fundamental investment process varies across asset classes,
sectors and strategies. Investment teams may utilize data sources provided by third-party vendors and/or engage directly
with issuers when assessing the above factors.
Advisory Account clients and investors in pooled investment vehicles should understand that all investment strategies and
the investments made pursuant to such strategies involve risk of loss, including the potential loss of the entire investment,
which clients and investors should be prepared to bear. The investment performance and the success of any investment
strategy or particular investment can never be predicted or guaranteed, and the value of a client’s or an investor’s
investments will fluctuate due to market conditions and other factors. The investment decisions made and the actions
taken for Advisory Accounts will be subject to various market, liquidity, currency, economic, political and other risks, and
investments may lose value. Please see this Item 8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss—Material
Risks for Significant Investment Strategies and Particular Types of Securities for information about the risks associated with
security types and investment techniques used by GSAM.
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Fundamental Equity
The Fundamental Equity team conducts bottom-up fundamental research across a broad range of country-specific and
multi-regional portfolios in choosing securities for an Advisory Account. The team also uses macro analysis of numerous
economic and valuation variables to anticipate changes in company earnings and the overall investment climate. The team
is able to draw on the research and market expertise of securities dealers, including affiliates of GSAM. The team currently
manages strategies across a broad range of capitalizations and styles, spanning U.S., global-developed, growth and
emerging markets. The team’s Advisory Accounts generally invest in common stocks, preferred stocks, interests in real
estate investment trusts (“REITs”), convertible debt obligations, and convertible preferred stocks. Other Advisory Account
investments include equity interests in trusts, partnerships, joint ventures, SPACs, limited liability companies and similar
enterprises, Master Limited Partnerships (“MLPs”), warrants and stock purchase rights and synthetic and derivative
instruments that have economic characteristics related to equity securities.
Global Fixed Income and Liquidity Management
The Global Fixed Income team seeks to capitalize on fixed income investment opportunities across countries, currencies,
sectors and issuers utilizing a dynamic fundamental investment process. The team offers single-sector, multi-sector, short
duration and government and municipal/tax-free strategies and uses independent specialist teams for bottom-up and top-
down analyses, and to generate strategies within their areas of expertise. The team generally establishes a “risk budget” or
range that a particular Advisory Account may deviate from its applicable benchmarks with respect to sector allocations,
country allocations, securities selection and, to a lesser extent, duration. Following analysis of risk and return objectives,
the team allocates the overall risk budget to each component strategy to seek to optimize potential return and builds a
diversified portfolio of individual securities consistent with each client’s overall risk and return objectives. When managing
Advisory Accounts, portfolio managers dynamically adjust the mix of top-down and bottom-up strategies and strategy
teams adjust strategies and security selections in seeking to optimize performance within their specialty areas.
The Global Liquidity Management team within Global Fixed Income helps clients to construct liquidity management
solutions that encompass commercial and government securities as well as multicurrency options using a dynamic
fundamental investment process. The Global Liquidity Management team uses a combination of active duration
management, term structure, and sector and security selection decisions. Duration and term structure decisions reflect the
team’s view on the timing and direction of monetary policy, as well as an Advisory Account’s immediate and near-term cash
requirements. Sector and individual security selection decisions also depend on Advisory Account guidelines, as well as on
fundamental and quantitative sector research that seeks to optimize the risk/return profile of the portfolio. Security
selection is restricted to issuers that meet certain credit standards.
Insurance Asset Management
The Insurance Asset Management team, which includes dedicated fixed-income portfolio managers and insurance-focused
sector specialists that are integrated into the Global Fixed Income team, offers a broad range of investment solutions to life,
health, property and casualty insurers, and reinsurance clients. The team develops investment solutions within customized
capital and risk management frameworks, including assisting clients in assessing financial risk. The team also incorporates
specialized insurance strategy, risk management, reporting and accounting services, unique to the needs of insurers. The
team focuses on educating and assisting insurers in areas such as strategic asset allocation, asset liability management,
capital management, peer analysis, capital and tax-efficient investment strategies. In providing this education and
assistance, a team of professionals with experience in the insurance industry and quantitative analysis use risk and capital
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modeling optimization and stress testing capabilities based on Goldman Sachs’ proprietary optimization systems. As agreed
with Advisory Accounts, the team’s fixed-income investment approach takes into account regulatory, capital, accounting
and other client-specific requirements. The fixed-income investment strategies employed to manage assets may include:
(i) modified total return strategies that are typically managed to total return objectives; and/or (ii) income/buy and hold
strategies that are typically managed to specific, client-defined income, yield or spread targets. Where appropriate, the
team also leverages the resources of other GSAM investment teams across asset classes with the goal of providing clients
with diverse sources of risk-adjusted returns.
Quantitative Strategies
The Quantitative Strategies teams pursue a disciplined and systematic application of quantitative techniques (“Quantitative
Strategies”) in the investment management process. These Quantitative Strategies are offered primarily through two
separate channels: (i) the Quantitative Investment Strategies (“QIS”) team and (ii) the Quantitative Equity Solutions (“QES”)
team.
In implementing the Quantitative Strategies, the QIS and QES teams may rely on resources such as sophisticated risk
modeling capabilities, algorithmic trading, transaction cost modeling and optimization-based portfolio construction. Each
team will monitor and, from time to time, may make changes to the selection or weight of individual or groups of securities,
currencies, or markets in which Advisory Accounts invest. Such modifications may result from changes in the quantitative
methodology, changes in the manner of applying the quantitative methodology, changes in trading procedure, or
adjustments to the outputs of the model in the qualitative or quantitative judgment of the team.
Quantitative Investment Strategies
The QIS team uses quantitative methodologies to manage portfolios across a wide variety of equity alpha, alternative risk
premia, and rules-based factor investing strategies.
The QIS team members focused on equity alpha strategies attempt to forecast expected returns on a global universe of
stocks on a daily basis using proprietary models based on certain investment themes including, among others, fundamental
mispricings, high quality business models, overall market sentiment and market themes and trends. Within these models,
the QIS team may utilize artificial intelligence techniques, such as natural language processing and machine learning, to,
among other things, help extract information from various textual or audio datasets.
The QIS team members focused on alternative risk premia strategies create portfolios comprising liquid hedge fund beta
and alternative risk premia strategies, including volatility and trend strategies. The methods and techniques that are utilized
in the team’s investment processes include a customizable solution for implementing a hedge fund beta program as well as
practical tools for analyzing and attributing an existing hedge fund portfolio; construction, risk-management, and
implementation of long/short alternative risk premia portfolios across asset classes; and customized options-based overlay
solutions for equity portfolios.
The QIS team members focused on rules-based factor investing strategies design rules-based equity portfolios that seek
exposure to common investment factors. The methods and techniques that are utilized in the team’s investment processes
include ActiveBeta™ equity portfolios that employ a transparent, rules-based and patented methodology for constructing
benchmark-aware factor portfolios that aim to achieve efficient exposure to a diverse set of investment factors. The team
also offers customized multi-asset class allocations, risk management strategies, tactical investments and investment
advisory solutions.
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As described above, for certain strategies, the multi-factor models used by QIS assess a wide range of indicators, which may
include certain ESG indicators. These ESG indicators may include, but are not limited to, emission intensity, labor
satisfaction, reputational concerns, governance and management incentives. QIS also may also seek to address certain
environmental risks, such as climate transition risk by weighting stocks based, in part, on certain proprietary emissions
metrics. The relevance and weightings of specific ESG indicators to or within the investment process vary across asset
classes, sectors and strategies and no one indicator is determinative.
QIS in its sole discretion may periodically update the indicators used in the investment decision-making process. The
indicators applied by QIS are assessed in reliance on one or a number of third-party vendors, including third-party ESG
vendors. QIS, in its sole discretion, retains the right to disapply data and/or ratings provided by third-party vendors where it
deems the data and/or ratings to be inappropriate.
Quantitative Equity Solutions
The QES team designs and builds personalized portfolios and investment solutions tailored to the investment goals and
objectives of both individual and institutional investors. The QES team strategies seek to deliver on a range of client goals,
including tax-managed, factor-based, income-oriented, value-aligned, and environmental and socially responsible
portfolios.
The QES team offers a comprehensive and customizable platform for implementing portfolios that provide broad and
diversified equity market exposure while incorporating client goals. The team’s investment process utilizes methods and
techniques such as customized equity market exposure to domestic, international and global markets; tax management
techniques including year-round tax-loss harvesting; buy-write strategies that utilize index call writing; income enhancing
strategies including dividend oriented strategies; strategies that aim to deliver outperformance relative to a chosen benchmark
on a pre-tax basis, while also generating tax deferral benefits through tax-loss harvesting; and risk management and values
alignment solutions, such as through applying customized portfolio screens.
The QES team also manages ETFs, mutual funds, and exchange funds that provide exposure to various asset classes and
certain common factors, market beta and/or other thematic investment strategies.
Advisory Account clients, including Wrap Program clients, may request that GSAM engage in trades intended to offset
capital gains tax liability. Such tax loss harvesting trades are subject to GSAM’s policies regarding minimum size of the trade,
timing and format of the request. As part of this policy GSAM may limit, depending on strategy, the maximum amount of
losses that would be permitted to be taken in an account. Tax loss harvesting trades will generally receive a lower priority
than cash flow trades, trades to fund new accounts, trades to liquidate securities in connection with account terminations
and block trades. As such, there may be a significant delay between an Advisory Account’s tax loss harvesting request and
its execution, and requests received relatively later in the tax year may not be executed before year end. When deploying
tax loss harvesting and other tax advantaged strategies, GSAM does not guarantee the ability to reduce the taxable
consequence from managing assets. In addition, because GSAM is only responsible for the particular assets in its managed
portfolio, there is no guarantee that the tax loss harvesting trades will have their intended result. When there is significant
trading activity, the client could sell or trade a security at a loss and, within 30 days before or after this sale, buy the same
or a substantially identical security (a “wash sale”), negating the taxable advantage of realizing investment losses from the
sale of securities. Further, attempts to reduce the taxable consequence of a portfolio may cause a disparity in the
performance of the Advisory Account where, for example, certain assets are not sold when they might have been sold if
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taxes were not considered. GSAM will generally not consider information regarding positions held or transactions executed
outside Advisory Accounts.
GSAM Private
GSAM Private invests in private equity, credit, real estate and infrastructure equity, as further detailed below. GSAM Private
has a global presence and access to internally generated, proprietary investment opportunities. By utilizing investment
professionals located around the world and its local market relationships, knowledge and expertise, GSAM Private can
source, assess and make opportunistic investments in different markets with a knowledgeable local perspective. Goldman
Sachs, including Goldman Sachs Global Banking & Markets, maintains a broad network of relationships with companies,
investment firms, investors, entrepreneurs and financial intermediaries around the world. Subject to regulatory restrictions
and information barriers, these Goldman Sachs relationships generate a substantial flow of opportunities which allow
GSAM Private to be selective in committing capital to investments in situations that GSAM Private believes have attractive
risk / reward characteristics.
In assessing potential investments, a team of investment professionals (the “GSAM Private Investment Team”), conducts
business, financial and legal due diligence, among other things, to review key risk areas. The GSAM Private Investment Team
may also hire external advisors and consultants and/or seek advice from a network of professionals within Goldman Sachs,
including, without limitation, other Goldman Sachs committees or working groups such as such as the Firmwide Reputational
Risk Committee, regional vetting groups or the Structured Product Committee. Once the GSAM Private Investment Team
identifies an investment opportunity, it prepares a memorandum and presentation for the relevant investment committee,
which is comprised of senior professionals in GSAM Private and other Control-Side Professionals of Goldman Sachs (each, a
“GSAM Private Investment Committee”). Based on the analyses, investment thesis, results of due diligence, reputational
considerations and recommendation presented by the GSAM Private Investment Team, the relevant GSAM Private Investment
Committee then determines whether Goldman Sachs and/or any Advisory Account should make the recommended
investment, which may be subject to certain conditions.
GSAM Private monitors the performance of the investment after closing, with a focus on value creation and identifying
potential exit opportunities. Members of the GSAM Private Investment Team or consultants engaged on its behalf may also
serve on the board of directors of a portfolio company after the investment is made. As directors, these members will be in a
position to monitor and focus on the company’s performance and strategy. In this regard, having a director also helps GSAM
Private monitor the company’s risk profile and potential reputational risk, including environmental, health and safety risks and
compliance issues. Typical exit methods for equity interests (whether corporate, infrastructure or real estate) may include: (i)
sale through a public offering or a private placement; (ii) sale to a strategic or financial buyer; and (iii) recapitalization. For
credit investments, the exit process may also be completed through a sale to a buyer, or through repayment or refinancing.
Throughout the exit process, the GSAM Private Investment Team, in conjunction with the respective GSAM Private Investment
Committee, typically negotiates the sale price, structures the exit of the investment and coordinates with internal and external
advisors involved in the exit process. In certain cases, an investor with a separately managed account may have the right to
withdraw their securities from their Advisory Accounts or request an exit via the methods described above.
GSAM Private – Corporate Equity
Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private invest in the private equity market by making investments in equity, equity-
related and similar securities or instruments, including debt or other securities or instruments with equity-like returns or an
equity component, of portfolio companies and include strategies such as leveraged buyouts. In addition to leveraging Goldman
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Sachs’ current and past portfolio companies, a multi-asset platform, domain expertise and a broad network, these Advisory
Accounts also draw on the wide reach of Goldman Sachs to source investment opportunities.
GSAM Private – Growth Equity
Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private invest in equity, equity-related and similar securities or instruments, including
preferred equity, debt or other securities or instruments with equity-like returns or an equity component, in growth-stage
companies with the potential for revenue growth, or that is otherwise characteristic of a growth equity opportunity. These
Advisory Accounts are expected to be diversified across three primary industries—enterprise technology, financial technology,
and healthcare—but are not restricted from investing in other industries.
GSAM Private - Private Credit, Direct Lending and Hybrid Capital
Private Credit, which includes senior direct lending, mezzanine and opportunistic strategies, invests primarily in debt
instruments of middle market to large cap companies across industries, geographic regions, economic cycles and financing
structures. Private Credit generally employs a “buy and hold” investment strategy that focuses on (i) the direct origination of
senior secured debt, mezzanine debt, incidental equity investments, preferred equity, and structured investments spanning
debt, equity and hybrid structures, (ii) disciplined investment selection with intensive due diligence and credit analysis and (iii)
active ongoing portfolio monitoring. Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private may participate in new originations by
originating entire debt tranches and by providing meaningful commitments to large tranches.
GSAM Private - Investment Grade Private Credit and Asset Finance
The Investment Grade Private Credit and Asset Finance team is comprised of multiple businesses in one private-side strategy.
Investment Grade Private Credit (“IGPC”) invests in privately-issued debt securities across a broad spectrum of issuers, sectors,
geographies, and maturities. IGPC primarily focuses on investment grade credit quality (BBB- or above) that may be unrated or
rated. Sector specialties include, but are not limited to, secured and unsecured corporate bonds and project finance
(renewable energy, transportation, and social infrastructure). Investment opportunities are originated through agent bank
relationships, issuer and sponsor contacts, and advisors. Asset Finance covers a diverse portfolio of privately originated,
current income-oriented opportunities secured by physical and/or financial assets. Asset classes include consumer credit, fund
finance, commercial finance, real estate finance, hard assets and trade receivables. Asset Finance opportunities can be
investment grade or non-investment grade.
GSAM Private - Real Estate
Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private invest in a range of sectors and markets globally, with strategies spanning real
estate equity and credit. GSAM Private’s real estate business has in-house teams responsible for sourcing and managing
equity and credit investments, including asset management, construction services, debt financing and sustainability, and also
leverages the broad-based resources and capabilities of Goldman Sachs to source, underwrite, manage, finance and exit
investments. GSAM Private has also established or acquired, and may in the future establish or acquire, one or more Real
Estate Operating Platforms to service Advisory Account real estate assets. Certain of such existing Real Estate Operating
Platforms are, and future Real Estate Operating Platforms may be, owned by Goldman Sachs and/or certain Advisory
Accounts. See Item 10, Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliates—Other Material Relationships with Affiliated
Entities—Real Estate Operating Platforms for additional information regarding Real Estate Operating Platforms.
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GSAM Private - Infrastructure
Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private invest in the infrastructure sector by making investments in equity, equity-related
and similar securities or instruments, including debt or other securities or instruments with equity-like returns or an equity
component, including shareholder loans. These investments are made primarily in the following infrastructure sub-sectors:
transportation and logistics, energy transition and renewables, digital infrastructure and circular economy. Infrastructure
investments in which Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private participate can be made through a variety of transaction
types, including (i) purchases of private companies or assets, (ii) provision of strategic capital to fund mergers, acquisition or
other transactions, (iii) public-to-private transactions, and (iv) in select cases, build-ups and development or construction
projects. GSAM Private’s infrastructure business prefers investments with a core of existing or “brownfield” assets, often with
the ability to enhance returns through major capex or accretive add-on acquisitions, generally seeks significant governance
control and influence with respect to infrastructure investments and generally does not seek to enhance returns through
excessive leverage.
GSAM Private - Sustainability
Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private invest in energy and environment-related opportunities led by qualified,
experienced teams backed by a global sustainability platform. The core strength of the sustainability strategy employed by
GSAM Private is in identifying trends to support energy transition and environmental resiliency across industries and the
economy through understanding the long-term viability of innovative solutions and their business models. GSAM Private
combines its expertise in energy transition and environmental best practices with Goldman Sachs’ globally recognized
brand, broad network and deep industry expertise that drives proprietary sourcing and value creation to invest in (i) key
sectors focused on environment and climate thematics, and (ii) inclusive growth opportunities in the healthcare, education,
and financial services sectors.
GSAM Private - Life Sciences
Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private invest in the life sciences sector in equity, equity-related and similar securities
or instruments, including preferred equity, debt or other securities or instruments with equity-like returns or an equity
component, of portfolio companies in the preclinical to phase II stages of development with proof of concept and multi-
program portfolios of potential drug candidates and scientific platforms. These Advisory Accounts are expected to be
diversified across several fundamental innovations in the life sciences sector, including precision medicine, genetic
medicine, and immunotherapy, as well as across structural opportunities, including the rise of scalable platforms, strategic
and financial market dislocations, and the globalization of life sciences innovation.
GSAM Private – Urban Investment Group
Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private invest in real estate and real estate-related investments, debt instruments,
equity, and equity-related and similar securities or instruments, in high-impact projects related to low- and moderate-
income persons and neighborhoods. Such investments include projects focused on community and economic development
through real estate projects in collaboration with governmental institutions, social enterprises, and lending facilities for
small businesses, students and individuals. Certain Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private qualify as “qualified
opportunity funds” (“QOFs”) by investing in the development or rehabilitation of real-estate and real-estate related assets
in census tracts designated as “opportunity zones” in underserved and economically distressed U.S. urban communities in
accordance with the “Opportunity Zone” program originally established under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and
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subsequently amended by the One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025, which, among other changes, removed the Opportunity
Zone program’s prior statutory sunset.
GSAM Private – Multi-Strategy
Certain Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private that make direct investments in the private equity, credit, real estate,
and infrastructure markets as described elsewhere in this GSAM Private section also invest in those markets through co-
investments with Unaffiliated Advisers and transactions which seek to provide liquidity to existing investors in a private
fund, such as traditional secondary investments, investments in continuation vehicles, preferred equity transactions, and
other similar transactions. With respect to such Advisory Accounts, GSAM Private generally retains portfolio management
responsibilities for direct investments in the markets described above and generally delegates to XIG portfolio management
and certain other services with respect to the other forms of liquidity transactions described above. Investments made by
such Advisory Accounts may be made alongside current and future Goldman Sachs private investment funds, including XIG
Advisory Accounts. For additional information regarding the XIG business, please see “External Investing Group” below.
External Investing Group (“XIG”)
XIG provides investment management and advisory services designed to assist clients in diversifying risk generally through
investments with Unaffiliated Advisers, including Unaffiliated Advisers engaged in hedge fund, private equity, real estate,
credit and fixed-income, and public equity strategies, although XIG also makes direct investments as described below. XIG
manages client assets through selection of one or more Unaffiliated Advisers, selection of Unaffiliated Advisers to sub-
advise pooled investment vehicles or separately managed accounts managed by XIG and/or its affiliates (such pooled
investment vehicles and separately managed accounts, “Manager of Manager Accounts”), direct investment in Underlying
Funds that are private and/or public funds advised by Unaffiliated Advisers, and establishment of investment vehicles
managed by XIG that invest their assets in primary investments in such third-party managed Underlying Funds (“XIG
Program Funds”). In formulating its investment views, XIG may rely on macroeconomic and global insights, capital market
views, corporate and industry expertise, and policy insights of its own personnel, other GSAM professionals and data from
third-party information providers.
In connection with its Unaffiliated Adviser activities, XIG uses a multi-step diligence process to evaluate investments, and
ultimate investment decisions are generally made by an investment committee. After XIG makes a primary or secondary
investment, Unaffiliated Advisers are typically responsible for the day-to-day investment decisions, although XIG may
develop benchmarks and written investment guidelines for the management of Advisory Account assets by Unaffiliated
Advisers. XIG’s responsibilities with respect to Unaffiliated Advisers generally are limited to the selection, appointment,
evaluation, monitoring and removal of such Unaffiliated Advisers, and XIG generally does not have any rights with respect
to determining or approving specific investments made by the Unaffiliated Advisers other than setting general investment
objectives and guidelines. Similarly, with respect to direct co-investments, although XIG will be involved with the selection,
evaluation and monitoring of such investments, after the initial investment decision is made, XIG’s role generally is passive
and the Unaffiliated Advisers are typically responsible for day-to-day investment decisions. The Unaffiliated Advisers
generally are responsible for compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations pertaining to their investment
activities. In certain situations, XIG has agreed, and may in the future agree, with certain clients to provide a different or
lower level of services (including relating to due diligence, oversight and/or monitoring of Unaffiliated Advisers and/or
Underlying Funds) than would typically be the case absent such agreement.
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The one or more Unaffiliated Advisers to which an Advisory Account allocates assets from time to time will generally be
determined by XIG, in its sole discretion, based on factors deemed relevant by XIG. XIG may, from time to time, vary or
change materially the actual allocation of assets made by an Advisory Account, as it deems appropriate in its sole
discretion, including, without limitation, by way of allocation of assets to new Unaffiliated Advisers, complete or partial
withdrawal of an allocation to any existing Unaffiliated Adviser, a reallocation of assets among existing Unaffiliated
Advisers, or any combination of the foregoing without prior notice to, or the consent of, the Advisory Accounts. The identity
and number of the Unaffiliated Advisers to which an Advisory Account allocates assets may change materially over time.
XIG may allocate assets to one or more Unaffiliated Advisers, directly or indirectly, through, among other means, one or
more discretionary managed accounts or investment funds (including XIG Program Funds) established by XIG, any
Unaffiliated Adviser or their respective affiliates.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, XIG does not typically negotiate the investment objectives, guidelines or investment
restrictions of the third-party managed Underlying Funds in which XIG Program Funds invest, although it may determine to
do so from time to time.
In addition, for certain clients, XIG provides due diligence services with respect to Affiliated Products and also provides
portfolio advisory and monitoring services.
XIG – Private Equity
XIG-advised Advisory Accounts invest in the private equity market by making commitments to third-party managed private
equity Underlying Funds (primary investments), co-investing directly or indirectly in companies alongside Unaffiliated
Advisers (co-investments), acquiring existing private equity investments in the secondary market or providing liquidity
solutions to managers of, or investors in, private equity or related asset classes (secondary investments), and acquiring
minority stakes in alternative investment advisers and their affiliates (“Third-Party Management Companies”). XIG creates
portfolios utilizing these strategies, and these portfolios may receive exposure to strategies such as leveraged buyouts,
growth and venture capital, distressed turnaround, industry-focused and structured investments, natural resources,
distressed, mezzanine, real assets, private credit, ESG and impact, infrastructure, and other related sectors and strategies.
XIG also manages certain Advisory Accounts that (i) invest substantially all of their assets in a single Underlying Fund
managed by an Unaffiliated Adviser or (ii) allocate substantially all of their assets to an Unaffiliated Adviser pursuant to an
investment management agreement with such Unaffiliated Adviser. XIG Private Equity allocates the assets of certain XIG
Program Funds (“Seeding Funds”) primarily to new, “start-up” or similar Unaffiliated Advisers that have limited or no
independent track records, as well as certain other Unaffiliated Advisers that are seeking seed or similar investments,
generally in exchange for material equity, profits or other interests with respect to Unaffiliated Advisers, their Underlying
Funds or their affiliates (“Profits Interests”) and/or other special rights. Certain other XIG Program Funds and XIG-managed
Advisory Accounts engage in these transactions as well.
XIG – Private Credit
XIG-advised Advisory Accounts invest in the private credit market by making commitments to third-party managed private
credit Underlying Funds (primary investments) and co-investing directly or indirectly in private loans or other illiquid credit
instruments alongside Unaffiliated Advisers (co-investments). XIG creates portfolios utilizing these strategies, and these
portfolios may receive exposure to strategies such as direct lending, loan portfolios, specialty credit, distressed strategies,
and other related strategies. XIG also manages certain Advisory Accounts that invest substantially all of their assets in a
single Underlying Fund managed by an Unaffiliated Adviser.
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XIG – Real Estate
XIG creates portfolios on behalf of Advisory Accounts to provide exposure to the real estate private equity market by
making commitments to third-party managed Underlying Funds (primary investments), co-investing directly or indirectly in
commercial real estate assets alongside Unaffiliated Advisers (co-investments), and by acquiring existing real estate private
equity investments on the secondary market or providing liquidity solutions to managers of, or investors in, real estate
asset classes (secondary investments). XIG also manages certain Advisory Accounts that invest substantially all of their
assets in a single Underlying Fund managed by an Unaffiliated Adviser. XIG uses a broad network of relationships, including
institutional investors, professional contacts, industry experts, financial advisors and others, to source investment
opportunities. XIG uses a multi-step diligence and decision-making process when evaluating and selecting real estate
private equity investments as part of its Unaffiliated Adviser activities, although XIG’s role typically is passive after the initial
investment decision is made. Utilizing these strategies, XIG portfolios may receive exposure to office, multifamily, retail,
industrial, hospitality, undeveloped and other types of properties.
XIG – ESG and Impact
XIG creates portfolios utilizing ESG and impact strategies by making commitments to third-party managed Underlying Funds
(primary investments) and co-investing directly or indirectly in companies alongside Unaffiliated Advisers (co-investments).
For such portfolios, XIG oversees ESG and impact-oriented investing across the public equity, credit and fixed-income,
hedge fund, real assets, private credit and private equity sectors. For these portfolios, XIG primarily invests in each of these
areas in the manner described in this Item 8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss—Methods of
Analysis and Investment Strategies, but in connection with ESG investments XIG applies an ESG or impact focus and
objective. XIG also manages certain Advisory Accounts that invest substantially all of their assets in a single Underlying Fund
managed by an Unaffiliated Adviser.
XIG also may incorporate ESG and impact-related factors into its diligence process with respect to Unaffiliated Advisers that
do not have an ESG or impact focus, which are assessed alongside the conventional due diligence factors used in connection
with such Unaffiliated Advisers.
XIG – Public Strategies
XIG selects Unaffiliated Advisers to sub-advise Manager of Manager Accounts in public credit, fixed-income, equity, and real
asset classes, invests directly in third-party managed public credit, fixed-income, equity, and commodities Underlying
Funds, and establishes XIG Program Funds that invest substantially all of their assets in such third-party managed public
credit, fixed-income, equity, and real assets Underlying Funds. Such funds may focus on thematic investments (i.e., specific
investment themes or ideas that are derived from short-term or medium-term market views). The Unaffiliated Advisers are
selected through a multi-step process which includes a due diligence review designed to assess the quality of the
candidates and the likelihood of producing appropriate investment results over the long-term. An investment committee
determines which Unaffiliated Advisers are available for investment by Advisory Accounts.
XIG – Venture Capital Strategies
XIG-advised Advisory Accounts invest in the venture capital market by making commitments to Underlying Funds managed
by Unaffiliated Advisers that are focused on venture capital private equity strategies (primary investments). XIG creates
portfolios utilizing these strategies, and these portfolios may receive exposure to strategies that contemplate making
investments ranging from, but not limited to, seed investments to late-stage venture investments. XIG also manages
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certain Advisory Accounts that invest substantially all of their assets in a single Underlying Fund managed by an Unaffiliated
Adviser, including Underlying Funds focused on venture capital strategies.
XIG – Growth Equity
XIG currently manages certain Advisory Accounts established primarily to acquire interests in privately held companies or
assets with growth potential through privately negotiated transactions, including an Advisory Account established to pursue
co-investment opportunities in the same types of investments. Certain of these Advisory Accounts may also be invested in
public equities. The Advisory Accounts currently managed by the Growth Equity team are all either in wind-down mode or
past their respective investment periods.
XIG – Hedge Funds
GSAMLP, through the Hedge Fund Strategies business (“HFS”), acts as an adviser to XIG Program Funds and other Advisory
Accounts that invest in Underlying Funds or other accounts utilizing hedge fund or related strategies on either a
discretionary or non-discretionary basis. HFS allocates client assets to Unaffiliated Advisers and, in certain circumstances, to
Underlying Funds advised by Affiliated Advisers. Such allocations are typically made through an investment in an Underlying
Fund managed by a particular Adviser but are also made through other structures, including dedicated feeder funds and
aggregating vehicles managed by HFS as well as managed account structures.
The strategies Advisers utilize include, without limitation, strategies within or across (in the case of “multi-strategy”
Advisers) one or more of the equity long/short sector, relative value sector, event-driven sector, and tactical trading sector.
HFS generally employs a dynamic investment process that includes Adviser selection, portfolio design, and ongoing risk
analysis and monitoring, which is facilitated by proprietary computer systems and operational capabilities. Both qualitative
and quantitative criteria are factored into the Adviser selection process.
Advisory Accounts advised by HFS could also make direct investments in securities and other assets including, without
limitation, global equity, fixed income, credit, currency, futures, swaps, mutual funds, ETFs and other derivatives and
commodity instruments. Such direct investments are primarily made in connection with a program to seek to dynamically
manage an Advisory Account’s risk profile (including without limitation, with respect to the Advisory Account’s beta) and
adjust an Advisory Account’s overall exposure to a particular hedge fund sector, strategy, sub-strategy or investment
theme, without adjusting the Advisory Account’s actual allocations to Advisers.
For certain Advisory Accounts, HFS also assists in designing, adopting and adjusting, as necessary or advisable, a program
with exposure to a variety of asset classes, strategies, goals and parameters tailored to the client’s needs, financial
circumstances, risk parameters, investment goals and cash flow needs.
HFS also allocates a portion of certain Advisory Accounts’ assets to co-investment opportunities sourced and/or managed
by GSAMLP, its affiliates, Advisers, and/or other persons with whom GSAMLP or its affiliates have a relationship. Co-
investments may include any of the types of assets or investments that Advisory Accounts may acquire, and Advisers of co-
investment opportunities may utilize any of the strategies or techniques that Advisers may utilize, in each case as described
above. Co-investment opportunities may be structured in various ways, and may be held by an Advisory Account directly or
indirectly through vehicles managed by GSAMLP, Advisers or other third parties.
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Multi-Asset Solutions Group (“MAS”)
The MAS team specializes in delivering customized multi-asset class solutions to clients. Services encompass strategic
advice, asset allocation, risk management, portfolio construction, customized hedging, and tactical and dynamic investment
strategies. The team leverages the extensive GSAM platform and XIG’s external manager selection platform to offer a wide
range of investment solutions across various asset classes, regions, and risk spectrums. Clients include pooled investment
vehicles managed by the MAS team, including vehicles primarily formed for investment by other MAS Advisory Accounts,
and pooled investment vehicles managed by affiliates or other entities (“MAS Program Funds”), as well as defined benefit
clients, defined contribution clients, endowments and foundations. MAS Advisory Accounts can be managed on a
discretionary or non-discretionary basis.
In alignment with client agreements, and as more fully described below, the team provides these services in a number of
ways, including by: selecting or recommending investment managers or products; providing advice in connection with the
selection of investment managers generally; periodically rebalancing portfolios; monitoring compliance with investment
guidelines and policies; dynamically adjusting risk based on market conditions and opportunities; and, for certain
discretionary clients, adding or removing investment managers or products from a client’s portfolio. MAS offers a broad
range of investment options, including but not limited to, pooled investment vehicles (both public and private), separately
managed accounts, public securities, derivative instruments, and exchange-traded funds. These products may be
sponsored, managed, or advised by GSAM or Goldman Sachs (“Affiliated Products”) or by Unaffiliated Advisers (“External
Products”), and may employ a broad range of investment strategies, including but not limited to, passive, long-only (e.g.,
ETFs, mutual funds, bank collective trusts, and private investment funds) and alternative strategies (e.g., hedge funds,
private equity funds, credit funds and real estate funds).
MAS Program Funds currently include pooled investment vehicles managed by the MAS team that invest across asset
classes or focus on specific strategies, as well as vehicles managed by other investment managers, including affiliates, to
which the MAS team provides asset allocation advice and other services. MAS Advisory Accounts may invest in MAS
Program Funds, including those that are Affiliated Products. In certain situations, MAS may agree to provide a different or
lower level of services (such as due diligence, oversight, and monitoring of Unaffiliated Advisers and Underlying Funds) than
typically offered.
When evaluating potential investment products or asset allocation for an Advisory Account, the MAS team considers
various factors based on the client’s risk profile and whether the product is an Affiliated Product or an External Product.
These factors may include quantitative considerations (e.g., return expectations, performance consistency requirements)
and qualitative considerations (e.g., investment products’ investment objective and process, which may be inherently
subjective and may include a wide variety of factors). The team may also consider product-related factors (e.g., terms, track
record, risk and return assumptions), the MAS team’s experience with specific products or managers, client-driven factors
(e.g., investment objectives, guidelines, diversification, asset allocation) and other factors (e.g., capacity constraints,
investor concentration, minimum investment requirements, manager access, product specialization). For ETFs, factors such
as benchmark composition, size, target tracking error, liquidity needs, and transaction costs are considered.
For certain of its clients, MAS leverages analyses provided by XIG in order to assess various investment managers including,
as appropriate, their investment strategies, levels of service and past performance.
For certain of its clients, the MAS team initially reviews and recommends an asset allocation strategy by asset class. MAS
then evaluates and recommends exposure to different types of investment strategies within each asset class, including
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active, enhanced, and passive strategies. These recommendations are based on client objectives and input (e.g., risk,
expected returns, and fees and expenses), and may include alternative investments, such as private equity, real estate and
hedge funds. For defined contribution Advisory Accounts, MAS may consider industry standards, behavioral finance, client-
specific factors, and the current and/or prior investment structure, among other factors, when making investment structure
recommendations or decisions.
The MAS team may reach different conclusions for different products, investment managers, and Advisory Accounts, even if
similarly situated. Factors may vary in importance depending on the product, advisory account, client objectives and risk
premia, which may result in factors changing from time to time. For Advisory Accounts investing in both Affiliated Products
and External Products, different evaluation metrics will be applied, potentially leading to the selection of an Affiliated
Product over an External Product, and the Affiliated Product that was recommended or selected may not perform as well as
the External Product that would have been recommended or selected had the same evaluation metrics been applied to
both Affiliated Products and External Products. With respect to an Advisory Account that generally, or for particular asset
classes or strategies, invests only in either Affiliated Products or External Products, a particular Affiliated Product or External
Product that is recommended or selected may not have been recommended or selected had a certain evaluation metric
been applied that would have been applicable for External Products (in the case of Affiliated Products) or Affiliated
Products (in the case of External Products), which could result in the recommendation or selection of an investment
product that does not perform as well as the investment product that would have been recommended or selected if such
evaluation metric had been applied.
The MAS team also provides model portfolios to Advisers, broker-dealers, technology providers, turnkey asset management
providers or other financial intermediaries that are unaffiliated with Goldman Sachs, in each case, who use such model
portfolios to assist in developing their own investment recommendations and managing their own accounts or the accounts
of their clients, or who may make such model portfolios available to their clients through investment platforms. Model
portfolios may focus on specific asset classes or strategies and may be limited to certain types of investment products, such
as ETFs or mutual funds, and may include only Affiliated Products.
For certain Advisory Accounts, MAS reviews service providers using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative analysis. MAS
typically reviews, among other things, the costs, capabilities, experience level, and the efficiency of such service providers,
with the goal of recommending the hiring, retention or replacement of a service provider. Absent specific arrangements,
MAS does not enter into or negotiate agreements with service providers on behalf of clients.
When specifically agreed to by MAS and a client, MAS provides advisory services related to retirement plans, including their
investment options and manager fees and expenses. These services may include, but are not limited to, analysis of specific
manager fees, comparative analysis of fees and expenses, and analysis of components of fees and expenses. MAS bases
these services on information and research that MAS acquires or performs on various plans, investment options and
managers, including information and research leveraged from XIG.
For certain clients, MAS provides periodic reviews of client investment programs and their investment managers, with a
focus on manager performance, diversification, and overall risk management. MAS tailors its reviews based on each client’s
specific requirements and analyzes sources of over- and underperformance using its internal analytics. MAS obtains
information about investment programs and managers through a variety of sources, including from clients, investment
managers and third parties. The scope of MAS’s ongoing investment program review, including the frequency of reporting
and manager review, is based on the agreement between MAS and each client. MAS may draft periodic performance and
risk reports and/or analyses of the managers and funds used in the investment program.
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For a discussion of conflicts that apply primarily to MAS, please refer to Item 10, Other Financial Industry Activities and
Affiliations—Conflicts That Apply Primarily to MAS.
Stable Value
GSAM’s Stable Value business (“Stable Value”) has established a team approach for managing Advisory Accounts.
Stable value strategies consist of a combination of fixed-income portfolio management and Stable Value Contracts with an
overall objective of seeking capital preservation and current income. The Stable Value team’s approach to managing stable
value Advisory Accounts begins with negotiating investment guidelines with the client, which includes establishing
parameters for the types of investments permitted for the Advisory Account, credit quality and duration considerations and
parameters, and whether internal and/or Unaffiliated Advisers will be used. The team oversees each Advisory Account’s
daily cash flow, makes allocations to various underlying strategies and Stable Value Contracts, and monitors and maintains
duration. These activities are supported by an ongoing review of Advisory Account structure, cash flow history, guidelines
and objectives. The team may provide a full range of services for stable value clients, or services may be focused on a
subset of stable value management such as advising on overall Stable Value Contract structure or allocation of assets
among Advisers.
The team identifies and selects, or assists in the selection of, the financial organizations issuing Stable Value Contracts and
negotiates such contracts on behalf of Advisory Accounts. In addition, the team monitors and reviews the financial and
business condition of each provider of a Stable Value Contract held by Advisory Accounts, relying significantly on analysis
and input from Global Fixed Income and Corporate Credit team. The team’s Stable Value Contract services may include
fundamental credit research to develop GSAM’s approved Stable Value Contract issuer list, contract provider selection and
contract negotiation. In addition, the team performs certain administrative, reporting and compliance services required or
necessary under the terms of Stable Value Contracts.
Advisers generally receive allocations of Advisory Account assets for management as determined by the team in
consultation with the client. Such Advisers are responsible for compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations
pertaining to their investment activities, including applicable guidelines that are established under such Adviser’s
investment management agreement and Stable Value Contracts.
For certain client Stable Value mandates, the team retains Advisers (or invests in their Underlying Funds) for all or part of
the mandate or assists the client with such retention or oversight of the Adviser and/or provides reporting to the client with
respect to the Adviser. For other mandates, the client is responsible for retaining, monitoring and terminating the Adviser
or Underlying Fund. The team’s retention of Advisers may be subject, at a minimum, to client review in advance, or, in
other cases, to client approval. In certain cases, clients retain the authority to hire and terminate Advisers that provide
advisory services for stable value Advisory Accounts. When selecting and reviewing Advisers, the team utilizes the services
of the XIG team, which as it relates to the team’s business focuses primarily on accounts where GSAM acts as “manager of
managers” in the credit and fixed-income asset classes.
Managed Account Services
Through Managed Account Services, GSAM is appointed and directed by Plan Sponsors, WMA Institutions or other third-
party fiduciaries to provide, pursuant to investment management agreements, personalized discretionary and non-
discretionary investment advisory services (also referred to herein as asset allocation strategy) and non-fiduciary retirement
planning guidance tools and services (“Managed Account Services Guidance”) for Enrolled Participant Accounts. Such
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services and tools may consider data that is provided by Plan Sponsors, WMA Institutions or Enrolled Participants regarding
the Enrolled Participant's preferences, objectives, financial status, goals, capacity and constraints. Managed Account
Services are offered through two separate channels: (i) Workplace Managed Account Services and (ii) Retail Managed
Account Services.
Workplace Managed Account Services
Subject to certain parameters set by the WMA Institution, Plan Sponsor or other third-party fiduciary (including available
investment funds on the plan’s investment menu), GSAM designs an asset allocation strategy for Enrolled Participants
based on certain assumptions and information about the Enrolled Participants initially provided by the recordkeeping
system (including age, salary, contribution amounts, and account balance, when available). GSAM can further tailor and
adjust the asset allocation strategy if an Enrolled Participant provides certain additional information.
Pursuant to a direction by the Plan Sponsor or WMA Institution, GSAM creates an asset allocation using only the investment
funds selected by the Plan Sponsor, WMA Institution or other third-party fiduciary to be on a plan’s investment menu and
subject to certain exceptions more fully described in the Participant Guide and Methodology document made available to
Workplace Managed Account Services Enrolled Participants. For Workplace Managed Account Services, GSAM is generally
not responsible for selecting investment funds that are included on a plan’s investment menu or otherwise reviewing the
plan’s investment menu. Further, in allocating assets among investment funds included in a plan’s investment menu, GSAM
generally does not consider whether any of the investment funds are on the list of GSAM Approved Managers (see Item 10,
Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations—Conflicts Relating to Affiliated Products and External Products) or
otherwise viewed favorably by GSAM in relation to other investment funds. This could result in an Enrolled Participant’s
asset allocation including investment funds that GSAM does not select or recommend for its clients, have higher expense
ratios, and have less favorable performance.
In addition to the services described above, GSAM can, and in some instances will, use a WMA Institution’s or other third
party’s investment methodology inputs, such as capital market assumptions and target asset allocations over time, to
create a personalized asset allocation strategy and/or Managed Account Services Guidance.
Workplace Managed Account Services is also referred to as “Goldman Sachs Managed Advice,” “NextCapital Managed
Advice” or “Retirement Planning and Advice.” For additional information regarding Managed Account Services, see Item 8,
Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss—Material Risks for Significant Investment Strategies and
Particular Types of Securities—Risks That Apply Primarily to Managed Account Services and Item 10, Other Financial
Industry Activities and Affiliations—Conflicts Relating to Managed Account Services.
Retail Managed Account Services
Enrolled Participants that select Retail Managed Account Services receive an asset allocation strategy and Managed
Account Services Guidance based on certain assumptions and information provided by the Enrolled Participant or available
from the WMA Institution, if it previously provided services outside of the Retail Managed Account Services to the Enrolled
Participant.
Other Investment Teams
In addition to the investment teams described above, GSAM may add additional investment teams and its current
investment teams may offer additional strategies at any time.
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MATERIAL RISKS FOR SIGNIFICANT INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND PARTICULAR TYPES OF SECURITIES
Clients should understand that all investment strategies and the investments made pursuant to such strategies involve risk
of loss, including the potential loss of the entire investment, which clients should be prepared to bear. The investment
performance and the success of any investment strategy or particular investment can never be predicted or guaranteed,
and the value of a client’s investments will fluctuate due to market conditions and other factors. The investment decisions
and recommendations made and the actions taken for Advisory Accounts will be subject to various market, liquidity,
currency, economic, political and other risks, and investments could lose value. The types of risks to which an Advisory
Account is subject, and the degree to which any particular risks impact an Advisory Account, may change over time
depending on various factors, including the investment strategies, investment techniques and asset classes utilized by the
Advisory Account, the timing of the Advisory Account’s investments, prevailing market and economic conditions,
reputational considerations, and the occurrence of adverse social, political, regulatory or other developments.
Following is a summary of the material risks for each of GSAM’s significant investment strategies, security types and the
investment techniques employed by the GSAM investment teams in their significant investment strategies and certain
other risks applicable to Advisory Accounts. GSAM offers advisory services across a broad range of strategies and
investment types and does not primarily recommend any particular type of security to its clients.
To the extent clients receive prospectuses, constituent documents, supplemental risk disclosures or other applicable
documents pertaining to their Advisory Accounts, clients should carefully read the product-specific risk disclosures
contained therein. See also Item 10, Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliates and Item 11, Code of Ethics,
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading for additional information about risks associated with
certain conflicts faced by Goldman Sachs and GSAM.
The information contained in this Brochure cannot disclose every potential risk associated with an investment strategy, or
all of the risks applicable to a particular Advisory Account. Rather, it is a general description of the nature and risks of the
strategies and securities and other instruments that clients may include in their investment guidelines for their Advisory
Account. Clients should not include these strategies and financial instruments in their guidelines for their Advisory Account
unless they understand the risks of the strategies and financial instruments that they permit GSAM to utilize for their
Advisory Account. Clients should also be satisfied that such strategies and financial instruments are suitable for their
Advisory Account in light of the clients’ circumstances, investment objectives and financial situation. In addition, clients of
GSAM’s pooled investment vehicles should carefully review the prospectuses or other offering documents and constituent
documents for additional information about risks associated with those products.
GENERAL RISKS
Adverse Effect of Global Economic Conditions—Advisory Accounts, Underlying Funds, and their portfolio companies
could be adversely affected by unanticipated changes in the financial markets and economic conditions throughout the
world, some of which could magnify the risks described in this Item 8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and
Risk of Loss and have other adverse effects. The scope of any potential impacts to Advisory Accounts, Underlying
Funds, and their portfolio companies, both from market conditions and also potential legislative or regulatory
responses, are uncertain. Continued market volatility and uncertainty and/or a downturn in market and economic and
financial conditions could have an adverse impact on Advisory Accounts, Underlying Funds, and their portfolio
companies.
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Advisory Account Consent Requirements—Advisory Account consent could be required to invest in certain transactions
in which Goldman Sachs receives compensation or is a principal, and GSAM could determine not to seek such consent
due to timing or other considerations, in which case the Advisory Account will not have the opportunity to make the
investment.
Allocation of Advisory Account Assets to Underlying Funds and Advisers—The risks associated with certain types of
securities and investment strategies described herein apply with respect to investments in Underlying Funds and with
Advisers. Additional information about risks associated with the activities of Underlying Funds and Advisers is available
herein, as well as in the prospectuses, offering memoranda and constituent documents of the Underlying Funds.
An Advisory Account’s Investment Flexibility May Be Constrained by Confidentiality Concerns—An Advisory Account
may decline investment opportunities for which it is required to enter into a confidentiality agreement, which may limit
the flexibility to broaden its investment portfolio.
Risks Relating to the Use of Artificial Intelligence—Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) and certain of its third-party
vendors, clients and/or counterparties have developed or otherwise incorporated artificial intelligence (“AI”)
technology in certain business processes, services or products. AI models are developing rapidly, are highly complex
and may produce output or take action that is incorrect (i.e., hallucinate), that result in the release of private,
confidential or proprietary information, that reflect biases included in the data on which they are trained, infringe on
the intellectual property rights of others, or that is otherwise harmful. The U.S. and global legal and regulatory
environment relating to AI is uncertain and rapidly evolving, and could require changes in Goldman Sachs’
implementation of AI technology and increase compliance costs and the risk of non-compliance. Further, Goldman
Sachs (including GSAM) may rely on AI models developed by third parties, and Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) may
have limited visibility over the accuracy and completeness of such models. Any of these risks could adversely affect
Goldman Sachs, GSAM or Advisory Accounts. Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) is also exposed to risks arising from the
use of AI technologies by bad actors to commit fraud and misappropriate funds and to facilitate cyberattacks. Such
actions and other risks associated with AI could cause, amongst other things, reputational harm to Goldman Sachs,
GSAM or Advisory Accounts. The investment management business is highly competitive and to the extent that some
or all of GSAM’s competitors (or new market entrants) institute low cost, high speed financial applications and services
based on AI, Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) and Advisory Accounts could be at a competitive disadvantage.
Asset Allocation and Rebalancing Risk—An Advisory Account’s assets could become out of balance with the target
allocation. Any rebalancing of such assets may be infrequent and limited by several factors. Even if a rebalancing is
achieved, it may have an adverse effect on the performance of the Advisory Account’s assets, including, for example, if
the rebalancing results in such assets being allocated away from an over-performing investment product and allocated
to an under-performing investment product.
Bankruptcy—A company in which an Advisory Account invests may become involved in a bankruptcy or other
reorganization or liquidation proceeding.
Board Participation and/or Creditors Committees—Advisory Accounts may be restricted in their investment activities if
GSAM or GSAM Personnel have representation on board of directors and/or creditors committees, and GSAM’s
fiduciary duties to the portfolio company as a result of the foregoing may conflict with the interests of Advisory
Accounts.
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Capital Markets Risk—An Advisory Account might not receive distributions from an investment or could experience a
significant loss in the value of its investment if the relevant issuer cannot obtain funding in the capital markets.
Cash Management Risks—If GSAM invests some of an Advisory Account’s assets temporarily in money market funds or
other similar types of investments, those assets will temporarily not be invested in assets that further the Advisory
Account’s investment objective. Advisory Accounts can also select, or can appoint GSAM to select, sweep options into
which cash and free credit balances are moved pending investment. Advisory Accounts that utilize such sweep options
may nevertheless have residual cash that does not earn interest. With respect to Advisory Accounts that select their
own sweep option, GSAM is not responsible for any cash held in such a sweep option, or any residual cash that is not
invested by the Advisory Account or its custodian.
Changes to Investment Program; Additional Investment Strategies—GSAM may utilize additional investment strategies
and sub-strategies and/or remove, substitute or modify its investment strategies and sub-strategies or any of the types
of investments it is then utilizing, which may have an adverse effect on the Advisory Account.
Climate Change—Climate change, its physical impacts, and related regulations could result in significantly increased
operating and capital costs that could materially harm certain portfolio companies of Advisory Accounts.
Concentration and Geographic Risk—A portfolio that concentrates its investments in a relatively small number of
issuers, asset classes, geographic locations or economic sectors may be more adversely affected by adverse economic,
business, political or other developments than a less concentrated portfolio.
Conflicts of Interest—Goldman Sachs’ activities, relationships and dealings may affect a particular Advisory Account in
ways that disadvantage or restrict the Advisory Account and/or benefit Goldman Sachs or other Accounts.
Conversion of Equity Investments—Equity securities acquired through the conversion of convertible debt instruments
or as a result of a restructuring event may be subject to restrictions on transfer or disposition.
Corporate Event Risks—It is possible that investments in companies that are the subject of publicly disclosed mergers,
takeover bids, exchange offers, tender offers, spin-offs, liquidations, corporate restructuring, and other similar
transactions are not profitable due to the risk of transaction failure.
Counterparty Risk—Advisory Accounts may be exposed to the credit risk of counterparties with which, or the brokers,
dealers, clearing members, custodians, service providers, and exchanges through which, they engage in transactions.
Currency Risks—An Advisory Account that holds investments denominated in currencies other than the currency in
which the Advisory Account is denominated may be adversely affected by the volatility of currency exchange rates and
changes to exchange control regulations.
Cybersecurity—Personal, confidential or proprietary information being sent to or received from a client, law firm,
vendor, service provider, counterparty or other third-party has in the past been, and may in the future be, intercepted,
misused, copied, misappropriated or mishandled, including through a cyber-attack on such persons or other
information security event (including unauthorized access by a party with malicious intent). Such cyber-attacks or
other events can adversely impact GSAM, Advisory Accounts and clients by, among other things, causing significant
disruptions in the business operations of GSAM and the operation of Advisory Accounts, leading to theft (including
identity theft) and data corruption, and leading to potential violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory
fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs and/or additional compliance costs.
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Data Sources Risks—Information from third party data sources to which GSAM subscribes may be incorrect. While
Goldman Sachs obtains data and information from third-party sources that it considers to be reliable, Goldman Sachs
does not warrant or guarantee the accuracy and/or completeness of any data or information provided by these
sources. Failure of a data source, such as an index provider, to provide the data on which GSAM relies may have a
negative impact on the performance of an Advisory Account. Further, recent technological innovations have disrupted
numerous established industries. As technological innovation continues to advance rapidly, it could adversely impact
one or more investment strategies employed for Advisory Accounts. Furthermore, investment decisions made based
on views about the direction or degree of innovation can prove inaccurate and lead to losses for Advisory Accounts.
Delegation of Receipt of Communications Risk—To the extent that clients confer GSAM with authority to exercise
investment discretion over their accounts and receive prospectuses and other shareholder communications on their
behalf, there is a risk of client complaints or dissatisfaction with certain investments where clients no longer receive
such prospectuses or issuer-related materials directly, even where such materials can be accessed via the issuer’s
website or by request from GSAM. Prospectuses and issuer-related materials contain important information and
detailed descriptions of additional fees and expenses, investment minimums, risk factors and conflicts of interest
disclosures, as well as clients’ rights, responsibilities and liabilities with respect to such investments.
Dependence on Key Personnel—Advisory Accounts rely on certain key personnel of GSAM who may leave GSAM or
become unable to fulfill certain duties.
Dilution from Subsequent Closings—Investors subscribing for interests at subsequent closings of Advisory Accounts
that are pooled investment vehicles generally will participate in existing investments, diluting the interest of existing
investors therein.
Electronic Trading—GSAM trades on electronic trading and order routing systems, which may experience component
failure and issues with system access, varying response times and security.
Emerging Markets and Growth Markets Risks—Investing in emerging and growth markets entails social, economic,
technological, political and regulatory risks not usually associated with investing in developed markets. For example,
The People’s Republic of China has adopted regulations in the financial technology sector, and other non-U.S.
jurisdictions may adopt similar regulations in the same or different sectors, which could impact the ability of Advisory
Accounts or Underlying Funds to make investments in those jurisdictions. Additionally, certain jurisdictions may allow
for clawback arrangements with counterparties as a result of changes in law. Any such arrangements could result in an
Advisory Account being required to return distributions it previously received in certain circumstances. Emerging and
growth markets in certain countries could also face other significant internal or external risks, including but not limited
to a heightened risk of war and other conflicts.
Environmental, Social Impact and Governance Considerations—GSAM may in its discretion take into account ESG
considerations and political, media, and reputational considerations relating thereto, and, for example, as a result,
GSAM might not make or recommend the making of investments when it would otherwise have done so, which could
adversely affect the performance of Advisory Accounts. On the other hand, GSAM may determine not to take such
considerations into account, and such considerations may prove to have an adverse effect on the performance of the
applicable investments. GSAM may take ESG and related considerations into account for some Advisory Accounts and
not others, and, to the extent taking such considerations into account, may make different investment decisions or
recommendations for different Advisory Accounts. GSAM may rely on third-party service providers in determining,
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from an ESG perspective, what investments to exclude from its selection or recommendation based on such service
providers’ categorization of the types of companies, industries, or sectors, as the case may be, that should potentially
be excluded from investment. There can be no assurance that the list of categories as determined by GSAM and/or
third-party service providers is complete or that the securities restricted as a result of such categorization represents all
of the securities that might otherwise be restricted in connection therewith, and such categories or the securities
restricted thereunder may change from time to time.
Environmental Risks and Natural Disasters—Certain Advisory Account investments, including but not limited to
investments in or relating to real estate assets, could become subject to liability under environmental protection
statutes, rules and regulations, and may also be subject to risks associated with natural disasters.
Expedited Transactions—In the event GSAM undertakes investment analyses and decisions on an expedited basis to
take advantage of investment opportunities, there is a risk that not all circumstances and risks of the investment are
known.
Failure to Make Capital Contributions—If an investor in an Advisory Account that is a pooled investment vehicle fails to
contribute funds to such Advisory Account as required, or is excused from participating in an investment made by such
Advisory Account, the other investors in such Advisory Account may be required to contribute additional capital to
make up for such shortfall.
Force Majeure—Advisory Account investments may be vulnerable to a force majeure event, including acts of nature,
war and strike, which could result in the destruction, impairment or loss of profitability for the investments.
Frequent Trading and Portfolio Turnover Rate Risks—High turnover and frequent trading in an Advisory Account could
result in, among other things, higher transactions costs and adverse tax consequences.
Geopolitical Risk—Geopolitical and other events (e.g., terrorist attacks, armed conflicts, political and military events,
the varying involvement of the United States and other countries in such conflicts, political and civil unrest related to
the foregoing and other events) have had, and could continue to have, adverse effects on regional and global economic
markets, including short-term market volatility and adverse long term effects that cannot be predicted. These and any
other adverse effects, and adverse effects occurring as a result of similar events in the future, could negatively impact
the value of Advisory Account investments.
Government Investment Restrictions—U.S. and non-U.S. government regulations and restrictions may limit the amount
and type of securities that may be purchased or sold by GSAM on behalf of Advisory Accounts, and economic sanction
laws in the United States and other jurisdictions or other governmental action could significantly reduce the value of
Advisory Account investments in, or restrict or completely prohibit GSAM and Advisory Accounts from investing,
continuing to hold or disposing an investment in, or transacting with or in, certain countries, individuals, and
companies. Some jurisdictions also require governmental approval for repatriation of investment income, capital or
proceeds of sales by foreign investors. Advisory Accounts could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant,
governmental approval for foreign investments or repatriation of investment income, and taxes. Additionally, certain
investors may be precluded from directly holding assets in these jurisdictions, which could materially impact flexibility
in structuring transactions or increase costs associated with certain investment opportunities.
Improper Market Actors—There can be no assurance that any form of regulation or any market constraints would
prevent certain other market actors from engaging in fraud, market manipulation, market abuse, or improper influence
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in the future, which may have a material adverse effect on Advisory Accounts and their Investments. There can be no
assurance that any redress would be available to, or would be practical for, Advisory Accounts to pursue with respect
to any such fraud, market manipulation, market abuse, or improper influence.
Index/Tracking Error Risks—The performance of an Advisory Account that tracks an index may not match, and may vary
substantially from, the index for any period of time and may be negatively impacted by any errors in the index,
including in situations where an Advisory Account is unable to invest in certain securities included in the index as a
result of legal and compliance restrictions, regulatory limits or other restrictions applicable to the Advisory Account
and/or Goldman Sachs, reputational considerations or other reasons. Where an index consists of relatively few
securities or issuers, it should be expected that tracking error will be heightened when an Advisory Account is subject
to such limitations or restrictions.
Indirect Investment in Non-U.S. Securities—Investments in participation notes and depository receipts used to
establish an indirect position in a foreign market are subject to the same risks as the securities underlying such
instruments and may be subject to certain fees or expenses.
Inflation Risks—The U.S. and other economies have experienced higher-than-normal inflation rates, and it remains
uncertain whether substantial inflation in the U.S. and other economies will be sustained over an extended period of
time or have a significant adverse effect on the U.S. and other economies. Inflation rates can fluctuate rapidly as a
result of various factors, including unexpected shifts in the domestic or global economy and economic policy changes.
An Advisory Account’s investments might not keep pace with inflation, which can result in losses to investors and
negative effects on economies and financial markets. Inflation has increased the cost of fuel, energy, labor, and raw
materials, caused supply chain shortages, and may adversely affect consumer spending, economic growth and the
operations of Advisory Account portfolio companies. Past governmental efforts to curb inflation have also involved
drastic economic measures that have had a material adverse effect on the level of economic activity in the countries
where such measures were employed, and similar governmental efforts could be taken in the future to curb inflation
and could have similar effects.
Interest Rate Risks—Interest rates can fluctuate significantly, causing price volatility with respect to securities or
instruments held by an Advisory Account. Generally, rising interest rates negatively impact the price of fixed-rate debt,
and falling interest rates positively impact price, and adjustable-rate debt experiences similar changes to a lesser
degree. Central bank monetary policy, inflation rates, and general economic conditions influence interest rates, which
is likely to impact the value of certain securities held by Advisory Accounts either positively or negatively. When
interest rates are rising, debt can be more difficult to repay and the risk of default rises. In periods of falling interest
rates, debt is more likely to be repaid as borrowers refinance to lower rates. Falling interest rates can also lead to lower
returns at the same level of risk in Advisory Accounts. Long-term fixed income securities will normally have more price
volatility because of interest rate risk than short-term fixed income securities. Risks associated with changing interest
rates can have unpredictable effects on the markets and Advisory Accounts.
Investment Style Risks—Advisory Accounts may outperform or underperform other accounts that invest in similar asset
classes but employ different investment styles, and the particular investment style applied to managing an Advisory
Account can impact performance.
Investments in Undervalued Assets—The identification of investment opportunities in undervalued assets is a difficult
task, and there is no assurance that such opportunities will be successfully recognized or acquired. While investments
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in undervalued assets offer the opportunity for above‐average capital appreciation, these investments involve a high
degree of financial risk and can result in substantial losses.
Legal, Tax and Regulatory Risks—New and existing legal, tax and regulatory regimes may adversely impact the ability of
GSAM to conduct activities and transactions in respect of Advisory Accounts, may require material adjustments to the
business and operations of Advisory Accounts, or may result in increased costs and operational burdens associated
with the trading and investment activity of Advisory Accounts and increased compliance costs (including the cost of
additional resources dedicated to compliance), which could be harmful to Advisory Accounts and their investors.
Lending of Portfolio Securities—Advisory Accounts may engage in securities lending and may invest the cash collateral
securing the securities loans in short term investments. To the extent that cash collateral is so invested, such collateral
will be subject to market depreciation or appreciation, and the Advisory Account will be responsible for any resulting
losses.
Leverage Risks—The use of leverage by an Advisory Account creates exposure to potential gains and losses in excess of
the initial amount invested, and relatively small market movements may result in large changes in portfolio value.
Limited Assets—An Advisory Account with limited assets may be unable to trade in certain instruments and/or diversify
its portfolio across investment strategies or instruments.
Limited Information Risks—As a result of information barriers constructed between different divisions and areas of
Goldman Sachs and between GSAM Private and other businesses within GSAM (“GSAM Public”), or in connection with
other policies and procedures of Goldman Sachs or GSAM, generally GSAM Public will not have access, or will have
limited access, to information and personnel in GSAM Private and other areas of Goldman Sachs, and vice versa.
Therefore, GSAM Public will generally not be able to review potential investments for Advisory Accounts with the
benefit of information held by GSAM Private and by other areas of Goldman Sachs, and GSAM Private will generally not
be able to review potential investments for Advisory Accounts with the benefit of information held by GSAM Public.
Liquidity Risks—Advisory Accounts, or Advisers to which an Advisory Account’s assets are allocated, may make illiquid
or non-publicly traded investments, and may have difficulty acquiring or disposing of such investments at a price and
time that they deem advantageous.
Litigation Risk—Advisory Accounts may be subject to third-party litigation, which could give rise to legal liability and
could have an adverse effect on the Advisory Accounts. If an Advisory Account were to be found liable in any suit or
proceeding, any associated damages and/or penalties could have an adverse effect on the value of the Advisory
Account.
Losses in Affiliated Underlying Funds Borne Solely by Investors—All losses of an Advisory Account, including losses
relating to investments in Underlying Funds managed by GSAM, shall be borne solely by the investors in such Advisory
Account and not by Goldman Sachs.
Management of Discretionary and Non-Discretionary Accounts—Non-discretionary advisory clients may not be able to
implement GSAM’s recommendations with respect to the allocation or reallocation of assets as quickly as GSAM
implements such recommendations on behalf of discretionary advisory clients, which could cause significant
differences in the performance between non-discretionary and discretionary advisory clients with the same or similar
investment objectives.
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Management Risks—A strategy used by GSAM could fail to produce the intended results for an Advisory Account, and
there is a risk that the entire amount invested may be lost.
Market Abuse Risk—Certain markets have a history of alleged or actual price manipulation, market abuse and improper
influence. Any fraud, price manipulation, market abuse, or improper influence in markets in which Advisory Accounts
invest, directly or indirectly, may have an adverse effect on such Advisory Accounts.
Market and Macro Risks—The value of an Advisory Account’s investments could decrease in response to events
affecting individual companies, particular industry sectors or governments, changes in interest rates, regional or global
pandemics, national and international political events and/or general economic conditions. Economic slowdowns or
recessions may cause interest rates to rise or may disproportionately impact the industries in which an Advisory
Account invests, causing the Advisory Account to be more vulnerable to losses in its portfolio, which may have an
adverse effect on such Advisory Account. In addition, governments from time to time intervene, directly and by
regulation, in certain markets. Such intervention often is intended directly to influence prices and may, together with
other factors, cause all of such markets to move rapidly in the same direction. Any market disruptions described above
may also result in further changes to regulatory requirements or other government intervention. Such regulations may
be implemented on an “emergency” basis, which may suddenly prevent GSAM and Advisers from implementing certain
investment strategies or from managing the risk of their outstanding positions.
Market Disruption Risks and Terrorism Risks—A number of events could have adverse effects on the global economy
and may exacerbate some of the general risk factors related to investing in certain strategies.
Master-Feeder Structure—Actions of an investor in the master entity of a “master-feeder” structure may adversely
impact other investors in the “master-feeder” structure.
Mid Cap and Small Cap Risks—Investments in mid- and small- capitalization companies are generally subject to more
price volatility than larger, more established companies and may lack sufficient market liquidity.
Model Risks—The design or operation of proprietary quantitative or investment models used for Advisory Account may
be deficient. Investments selected using these models may perform differently than expected as a result of the factors
used in the models, the weight placed on each factor, changes from the factors’ historical trends, and technical and
other issues in the construction, implementation and maintenance of the models (including, for example, data
problems, unauthorized changes and/or software issues). Models can also use artificial intelligence techniques, such as
natural language processing and machine learning, which could be less transparent or interpretable and could produce
unexpected results, which can result in losses. Moreover, the effectiveness of a model may diminish over time,
including as a result of changes in the market and/or changes in the behavior of other market participants. Operation
of a model may result in negative performance, including returns that deviate materially from historical performance,
both actual and pro-forma. Additionally, commonality of holdings across quantitative investment managers may
amplify losses. There is no guarantee that the use of these models will result in effective investment decisions.
No Assurance of Achievement of Investment or Performance Objectives—There is no assurance that Advisory Accounts
will achieve their investment or performance objectives.
Non-Hedging Currency Risks—Volatility in currency exchange rates may produce significant losses to an Advisory
Account which has purchased or sold currencies through the use of forward contracts or other instruments.
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Non-U.S. Custody Risk—Advisory Accounts that invest in foreign securities could hold non-U.S. securities and cash with
non-U.S. custodians. Such non-U.S. custodians may be newly formed, or subject to little or no regulatory oversight over
or independent evaluation of their operations, and the laws of certain countries could place limitations on an Advisory
Account’s ability to recover its assets if a non-U.S. custodian enters bankruptcy. These risks are generally more
pronounced in connection with an Advisory Account’s investments in securities of issuers located in emerging market
countries.
Non-U.S. Securities Risks—Non-U.S. securities, particularly securities of issuers located in emerging market countries
may be subject to heightened risk of loss because of more or less government regulation, less public information, less
liquidity, risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets, greater volatility and less economic, political and social
stability in the countries of domicile of the issuers of the securities and/or the jurisdictions in which these securities are
traded.
Registered Funds Risk—Certain Advisory Accounts invest in open-end mutual funds, and to a lesser extent, registered
closed-end funds, as well as ETFs. Open-end mutual funds and registered closed-end funds have different risk
characteristics. Shares of an open-end fund are purchased directly from the fund whereas closed-end fund shares are
purchased and sold in the market, typically on a recognized stock exchange. Therefore, shares of a closed-end fund,
when available, can be traded during the day at any time and shares in an open-end fund can be purchased from or
sold back to the fund only at the end of the trading day. In addition, the price per share of a closed-end mutual fund is
determined by the market whereas the price per share of an open-end fund will vary in direct proportion to the fund
net asset value. Both open-end mutual funds and closed-end funds may own unlisted securities and use leverage to
enhance returns. Furthermore, both open-end and closed-end fund underlying fund holdings are reported with a lag. It
should be expected that when underlying mutual fund holdings change rapidly fund performance will differ from
expectations. Different mutual funds with similar investment policies, and different share classes within those funds
will have different expense levels.
Operational Risk—An Advisory Account may suffer losses arising from shortcomings or failures in internal processes,
people or systems, or from external events. Certain Advisory Accounts trade instruments, where operational risk is
heightened due to such instruments’ complexity.
Partial or Total Loss of Capital—Certain investments made by GSAM for Advisory Accounts are intended for investors
who can accept the risks associated with investing in illiquid securities and the possibility of partial or total loss of
capital.
Performance-Based Compensation—The receipt of performance-based compensation by GSAM and managers of
Underlying Funds in which an Advisory Account invests creates an incentive to make investments that are riskier or
more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such arrangements.
Private Investment Risks—Private investments are highly competitive, less transparent, and illiquid.
Public Health Risk—Advisory Accounts could be materially adversely affected by the widespread outbreak of infectious
disease or other public health crises. Public health crises, together with any containment or other remedial measures
undertaken or imposed, could have a material and adverse effect on Advisory Accounts and their investments.
Recession Risk—An Advisory Account’s portfolio companies may be susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions
and may be unable to repay their debt obligations during these periods. Therefore, during these periods, an Advisory
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Account’s non-performing assets may increase, and the value of its portfolio may decrease. Adverse economic
conditions also may decrease the value of collateral securing some of an Advisory Account’s debt investments and the
value of its equity investments. These events could prevent an Advisory Account from making new investments and
harm its operating results. An economic downturn could disproportionately impact the industries in which an Advisory
Account invests, causing it to be more vulnerable to losses in its portfolio, which could negatively impact financial
results.
Reliance on Technology—GSAM may employ investment strategies that are dependent upon various computer and
telecommunications technologies, which could fail.
Reliance on Third Parties—GSAM and Advisory Accounts require, and rely upon, the services of a variety of third
parties, including but not limited to attorneys, accountants, administrators, brokers, custodians, consultants and other
agents and vendors. Failure by any of these third parties to timely and accurately perform their obligations to GSAM or
an Advisory Account could have an adverse effect upon GSAM or the Advisory Account.
Reputational Risks—The dissemination of negative or inaccurate information about issuers in which Advisory Accounts
invest via media, including social media, could harm their business, reputation, financial condition, and results of
operations, which could adversely affect Advisory Accounts and, due to reputational considerations, influence GSAM’s
decision as to whether to remain invested in such issuers.
Restricted Investments Risks—Restricted securities are subject to various requirements and fees that may make them
more difficult to dispose of promptly or at an advantageous price.
Restrictions on Investments—Advisory Accounts may be unable or limited in their ability to invest in certain types of
investments due to undertakings of Goldman Sachs with respect to the same investments.
Risk Management Risks—There can be no assurance that GSAM’s use of various strategies to manage the volatility and
other risks of an Advisory Account’s portfolio will achieve its objective.
Risks Involved in the Development of Models—Human and technological errors may occur in designing, writing, testing,
and/or monitoring models and may be difficult to detect.
Risks of New Investment Strategies—GSAM may determine to implement newer and more speculative investment
strategies or investment techniques which may result in unsuccessful investments.
Risks of Technological Developments—The widespread adoption of new internet, networking or telecommunications
technologies or other technological changes could require issuers in which Advisory Accounts invest to incur substantial
expenditures to modify or adapt their services or infrastructure to such new technologies, which could adversely affect
their results of operations or financial condition. In addition, new services or technologies offered by competitors or
new entrants may make such issuers less differentiated or less competitive when compared to other alternatives.
Risks Related to SOFR – SOFR is intended to be a broad measure of the cost of borrowing funds overnight in
transactions that are collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities. SOFR is calculated based on transaction-level repo data
collected from various sources. For each trading day, SOFR is calculated as a volume-weighted median rate derived
from such data. SOFR is calculated and published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“FRBNY”). If data from a
given source required by the FRBNY to calculate SOFR is unavailable for any day, then the most recently available data
for that segment will be used, with certain adjustments. If errors are discovered in the transaction data or the
calculations underlying SOFR after its initial publication on a given day, SOFR may be republished at a later time that
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day. Rate revisions will be effected only on the day of initial publication and will be republished only if the change in
the rate exceeds one basis point. Because SOFR is a financing rate based on overnight secured funding transactions, it
differs fundamentally from LIBOR. LIBOR was intended to be an unsecured rate that represents interbank funding costs
for different short-term maturities or tenors. It was a forward-looking rate reflecting expectations regarding interest
rates for the applicable tenor and was intended to be sensitive, in certain respects, to bank credit risk and to term
interest rate risk. In contrast, SOFR is a secured overnight rate reflecting the credit of U.S. Treasury securities as
collateral. Therefore, SOFR is largely insensitive to credit-risk considerations and to short-term interest rate risks. SOFR
is a transaction-based rate, and it has been more volatile than other benchmark or market rates, such as historical
three-month LIBOR, during certain periods. For these reasons, among others, there is no assurance that SOFR, or rates
derived from SOFR, will perform in the same or similar way as LIBOR would have performed at any time, and there is no
assurance that SOFR-based rates are a suitable substitute for LIBOR. SOFR has a limited history, having been first
published in April 2018. The future performance of SOFR, and SOFR-based reference rates, cannot be predicted based
on SOFR’s history or otherwise. Levels of SOFR in the future may bear little or no relation to historical levels of SOFR,
LIBOR or other rates.
Risks Related to the Discontinuance of Interbank Offered Rates, in particular LIBOR—Advisory Accounts that undertake
transactions in instruments that were valued using London Inter-bank Offered Rates (“LIBOR”) or are valued using
other interbank offered rates (“IBORs”) or have contracts which previously determined payment obligations by
reference to LIBOR or still determine payment obligations by reference to other IBOR rates may be adversely affected
as a result of recent changes related to LIBOR. All LIBOR settings permanently ceased to be published as of June 30,
2023 and a synthetic version of one-month, three-month and six-month USD LIBOR settings permanently ceased to be
published as of September 30, 2024. As a result of such changes, instruments that were valued using LIBOR or are
valued using other IBORs, or contracts which determine or previously determined payment obligations by reference to
such rates, are subject to risks including but not limited to the risk of illiquidity, changes in performance benchmarks,
rate increases, operational complexities and valuation measurements that may adversely affect performance.
Risks Related to Limitations on Redemptions in Certain Advisory Accounts—Certain Advisory Accounts that make
illiquid investments permit investors to redeem their investments on a periodic basis, subject to certain limits or caps.
These Advisory Accounts include, but are not limited to, BDCs and non-traded REITS. To the extent that aggregate
redemptions in a period exceed the limits or caps, redemptions may be restricted to a fixed amount or percentage
(sometimes called a “gate”), with redemptions above the fixed amount or percentage prohibited or subject to
additional requirements. While any such limits or caps can prevent substantial redemptions that would otherwise
require an Advisory Account to sell a substantial amount of its assets at an unfavorable time or on unfavorable terms,
the Advisory Account could nevertheless be adversely affected, including from a reputational standpoint, by the
application of a limit or cap. In cases where GSAM has discretion as to whether and when to enforce such limits or
caps, GSAM’s interests in respect of fund compensation and performance-related matters will conflict with redeeming
investors’ interests in obtaining liquidity. Conversely, GSAM could have an incentive not to enforce such limits or caps if
it believes that doing so could harm fundraising efforts for Advisory Accounts or otherwise result in reputational risk for
Advisory Accounts or Goldman Sachs (including GSAM), which could have an adverse effect on Advisory Accounts and
their remaining investors. Economic events affecting the U.S. economy such as volatility in the financial markets,
inflation, fluctuations in interest rates or global or national events could cause an increase in investor requests for
redemptions or share repurchases, potentially in excess of established limits. These risks are further exacerbated in
the case of an Advisory Account holding illiquid assets, including private credit investments, because such illiquid
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investments generally have limited markets and no readily ascertainable market value, and there are different ways to
determine fair value with respect to these investments. See Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client
Transactions and Personal Trading― Participation or Interest in Client Transactions―Valuation.
Risks Related to the Operation of Markets—Advisory Accounts may incur losses in the event of the early closure of,
complete closure of, suspension of trading in, or similar interruptions affecting one or more domestic or international
markets, trading venues, or clearing houses on or through which GSAM trades for such Advisory Accounts.
Risks Related to Side Pockets—Certain Advisory Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles have the ability, under
certain circumstances, to segregate one or more assets through the use of side pockets, which entails a number of
risks, including significant liquidity and valuation risks and the risk that the use of side pockets may affect the amount
and timing of any management fees and incentive compensation charged by the Advisory Account.
Risks Related to Third-Party Distribution—The distribution of Affiliated Products by third-party distributors could
expose GSAM to allegations of improper conduct and/or actions by regulators in and outside of the U.S. with respect
to, among other things, product suitability, investor classification, compliance with securities laws, anti-money
laundering requirements, conflicts of interest regarding investment allocations, and the adequacy of disclosure
(including valuation and liquidity disclosures) to customers to whom Affiliated Products are distributed through those
channels. Although GSAM seeks to ensure through due diligence and onboarding procedures that the third-party
channels through which individual investors access its investment products conduct themselves responsibly, GSAM
might not be able to effectively monitor or control the manner of distribution. For example, GSAM relies on such third-
party channels to make suitability determinations and does not conduct its own suitability assessment with respect to
investors to whom Affiliated Products are distributed because such determinations are best made by the third parties
conducting the assessments. As a result, GSAM faces reputational risks and legal liability to the extent such third
parties improperly sell its products to investors.
Sanctions Risk –Economic sanctions or similar measures by the United States or non-U.S. governments imposed on the
issuers of securities in an Advisory Account create a heightened risk of loss due to delayed settlement, liquidity
constraints, and an inability to liquidate such securities at a favorable price or to conduct any transactions in such
securities at all. Economic sanctions may also prevent Goldman Sachs from taking certain steps to obtain timely
possession or control of an Advisory Account’s fully paid securities and excess margin securities to cure a segregation
deficiency.
Special Purpose Acquisition Companies Risk—Advisory Accounts may invest in stock, warrants and other securities of
SPACs. SPACs are in essence blank check companies without operating history or ongoing business other than seeking
acquisitions. The value of a SPAC’s securities is particularly dependent on the ability of its management to identify and
complete a profitable acquisition. There is no guarantee that the SPACs in which Advisory Accounts invest will
complete an acquisition or that any acquisitions completed by the SPACs in which Advisory Accounts invest will be
profitable. The values of investments in SPACs may be highly volatile and these investments may also have little or no
liquidity.
Speculative Position Limits Risks—An Advisory Account’s ownership of net long or net short positions in futures
contracts or options on such futures contracts or certain economically equivalent swaps may be limited by rules of the
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), certain European regulators and some exchanges.
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Sustainability Risks—Advisory Account investments could be exposed to sustainability risks (i.e., where an
environmental, social or governance event or condition exists that could cause an actual or a potential material
negative impact on the value of investments), including physical environmental risks, climate change transition risks,
supply chain disruptions, improper labor practices and corruption. If they materialize, sustainability risks can reduce
the value of investments held by an Advisory Account and could have a material impact on the performance and
returns of Advisory Accounts.
Syndication Risks—GSAM may cause an Advisory Account to make (or commit to make) an investment in a portfolio
company with the intent to assign or transfer a portion of such investment to co-investors before or after the closing of
the investment. GSAM may not be able to sell the opportunity to potential co-investors, and as a result, the Advisory
Account will have greater exposure to such portfolio company than was originally intended and bear all of the costs
and expenses related to such investment. In addition, in connection with any syndication, GSAM will determine when
to transfer any such investments to such co-investors, which may affect the amount that the Advisory Account is paid.
Technology Sector Risks—Stock prices of technology companies may experience significant price movements as a result
of intense market volatility, worldwide competition, consumer preferences, product compatibility, product
obsolescence, government regulation, or excessive investor optimism or pessimism.
Timing of Implementation Risks—There may be delays in the implementation of investment strategies, including as a
result of differences in time zones and the markets on which securities trade. Whether an Advisory Account is managed
on a discretionary or non-discretionary basis can also disrupt the implementation of an investment strategy. For
example, certain investment strategies may be delayed or not pursued in Advisory Accounts managed on a non-
discretionary basis because the client must authorize transactions before they can be executed.
Trade Protectionism—Advisory Accounts may be materially affected by market, economic and political conditions
globally and in the jurisdictions and sectors in which they invest or operate, including economic outlook, factors
affecting interest rates, the availability of credit, currency exchange rates, and trade barriers. Recent populist and anti-
globalization movements, particularly in the United States, may result in material changes in economic trade and
immigration policies all of which could lead to significant disruption of global markets and could have adverse
consequences on the Advisory Accounts’ investments. The imposition of tariffs, for example, can lead to supply
shortages and higher costs for portfolio companies, potentially impacting their profitability and competitiveness.
Trading on Non-U.S. Exchanges—Futures and securities traded on exchanges located outside the United States may be
subject to greater counterparty risk than those traded on U.S. exchanges, financial irregularities and/or lack of
appropriate risk monitoring and controls.
Use of Third-Party General Partners or Independent Boards of Directors—Certain Advisory Accounts may utilize the
services of third-party general partners or majority independent boards of directors. GSAM generally will not have the
right to control or direct the actions of a third-party general partner or majority independent board of directors, and a
third-party general partner or majority independent board of directors may take actions that could result in an adverse
effect on an Advisory Account and also may terminate the investment management agreement between the Advisory
Account and GSAM.
Utilities Industry Risk—Securities in the utilities industry can be very volatile and can be impacted significantly by
supply and demand for services or fuel, government regulation, conservation programs, commodity price fluctuations
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and other factors. Further, any tariffs or other trade restrictions or barriers imposed on utilities can lead to financial
instability for utilities and the potential for unfair or inequitable utility pricing.
Valuation Risks—In valuing assets that lack a readily ascertainable market value GSAM or its agent may utilize dealer-
supplied quotations or pricing models based on methodologies that are subject to error.
Volatility Risks—The prices and values of investments can be highly volatile, and are influenced by, among other things,
interest rates, general economic conditions, investor sentiment, the condition of the financial markets, the financial
condition of the issuers of such assets, changing supply and demand relationships, programs and policies of
governments, regional or global pandemics, developments or trends in any particular industry, and political and
economic events and policies worldwide. In the event that securities trading is significantly reduced or halted due to
any of the foregoing or other factors, it might be difficult for an Advisory Account or Underlying Fund to properly value
its holdings in such securities.
Warehousing Investments Risks; Seed Capital—Goldman Sachs may warehouse one or more investments on behalf of
an Advisory Account or provide seed capital to an Advisory Account to acquire investments prior to admission of any
third party investor. The value of these investments may decline prior to or following the transfer of such investments
to an Advisory Account or redemption of the seed capital, but any decline in value of the investment will not affect the
purchase price paid by the Advisory Account or the price at which the seed capital is redeemed, which could result in
losses to the Advisory Account.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO EQUITY INVESTMENTS
General
Additional Capital Requirements of Portfolio Companies—In some cases, portfolio companies require additional
financing to satisfy their working capital requirements or acquisition strategies. The amount of such additional funding
will depend upon the maturity and objectives of the portfolio company. If the funds provided are not sufficient, a
portfolio company may have to raise additional capital at an unfavorable price (as compared to the price at which the
Advisory Account invested in the portfolio company). Neither GSAM nor the portfolio company will be able to predict
accurately the future capital requirements necessary for success or whether additional funds will be available from any
source.
Energy, Oil and Gas Sector Risks—Investments in MLPs, energy infrastructure companies, and other companies
operating in the energy, oil and gas sectors that primarily derive their income from investing in companies within the
energy, oil and gas sectors are subject to risks including fluctuations in commodity prices, natural disasters, regulatory
changes and adverse political events.
Equity and Equity-Related Securities and Instruments—The value of common stocks of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers may
be affected by factors specific to the issuer, the issuer’s industry and the risk that stock prices historically rise and fall in
periodic cycles.
Exchange-Traded Fund Risks—ETFs could fail to accurately track the market segment or index that underlies their
investment objective. Moreover, ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to conventional funds: (i) the
risk that the market price of the ETF’s shares trade at a premium or a discount to their net asset value; (ii) the risk that
an active trading market for an ETF’s shares is not developed or maintained; and (iii) the risk that there is no assurance
that the requirements of the exchange necessary to maintain the listing of an ETF will continue to be met or remain
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unchanged. These securities carry certain specific risks to investors. Leveraged ETF shares typically represent interest in
a portfolio of securities that track an underlying benchmark or index and seek to deliver multiples of the performance
of the index or benchmark. An inverse ETF seeks to deliver the opposite of the performance of the index or benchmark
it tracks. Like traditional ETFs, some leveraged and inverse ETFs track broad indices, some are sector-specific, and
others are linked to commodities, currencies, or some other benchmark. To accomplish their objectives, leveraged and
inverse ETFs pursue a range of investment strategies using swaps, futures contracts, and other derivative instruments.
Most leveraged and inverse ETFs “reset” daily, meaning that they are designed to achieve their stated objectives daily.
Their performance over longer periods of time, over weeks or months or years, can differ significantly from the
performance (or inverse of the performance) of their underlying index or benchmark during the same period. This
effect can be magnified in volatile markets and thus poses substantial risk for an investor.
Infrastructure Company Risk—Infrastructure companies are susceptible to various factors that may negatively impact
their businesses or operations, including, without limitation, costs associated with compliance with and changes in
applicable environmental, governmental and other regulations, rising interest costs in connection with capital
construction and improvement programs, government budgetary constraints that impact publicly funded projects, the
effects of general economic conditions worldwide, surplus capacity and depletion concerns, increased competition,
uncertainties and delays with respect to the timing and receipt of government and/or regulatory approvals,
uncertainties regarding the availability of fuel and other natural resources at reasonable prices, the effects of energy
conservation policies, unfavorable tax laws or accounting policies, and high leverage. Infrastructure companies are also
affected by innovations in technology that could render the way in which a company delivers a product or service
obsolete, significant changes to the number of ultimate end-users of a company’s products, inexperience with and
potential losses resulting from a developing deregulatory environment, increased susceptibility to terrorist attacks and
natural or man-made disasters and other natural risks (including earthquakes, floods, lightning, hurricanes, tsunamis
and wind). Infrastructure companies also face operating risks, including the risk of fire, explosions, leaks, mining and
drilling accidents or other catastrophic events.
Investments in Technology Start-Up and Similar Companies—Portfolio companies that are technology start-up or
similar companies face risks related to, among other things, significant regulatory, public and political scrutiny, and an
inability to generate meaningful revenue.
Investments in the Consumer Sector—The consumer sector is highly sensitive to rapidly changing consumer
preferences and industry trends, and heavily dependent on consumer spending. A decrease in consumer spending or
failure to anticipate and respond to changes in industry trends, offer products that appeal to consumer taste or to
advertise and market products effectively could lead to a reduction in demand or lower prices for a portfolio
company’s products and services, which could have an adverse effect on such portfolio company’s financial condition
and operations.
IPOs/New Issues Risks—The purchase of IPO/New Issue shares may involve high transaction costs and such shares may
be subject to greater risks than investments in shares of publicly traded companies. IPOs and new issues are subject to
market risk and fluctuate considerably due to factors such as the absence of a prior public market, unseasoned trading,
the small number of shares or bonds available for trading and limited information about the company’s business
model, growth potential and other criteria used to evaluate its investment prospects.
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Low Trading Volume Risk—It is possible that an Advisory Account is not able to monetize its investment or will have to
do so at a loss as a result of generally lower trading volumes of the securities compared to other types of securities or
financial instruments.
Master Limited Partnership Risks—Investments by an Advisory Account in securities of MLPs involve risks that differ
from investments in common stock, including: limited control and limited voting rights; dilution; compulsory
redemptions at an undesirable time or price because of regulatory changes; and greater price volatility. A change in
current tax law, or a change in the underlying business mix of a given MLP, could result in an MLP being treated as a
corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which could cause a reduction of the value of the Advisory Account’s
investment in the MLP and lower income to the Advisory Account.
Pre-IPO Investments Risks—Investments in privately held companies, including in pre-IPO shares, are less liquid and
difficult to value, and there is significantly less information available about such companies relative to public
companies.
Preferred Stock, Convertible Securities and Warrants Risks—The value of preferred stock, convertible securities and
warrants will vary with the movements in the equity market and the performance of the underlying common stock.
Private Investments in Public Equities (“PIPEs”)—Equity issued in PIPE transactions is subject to transfer restrictions and
is less liquid than securities issued through a registered public offering.
Risk Arising from Potential Controlled Group Liability—An Advisory Account may, directly or indirectly through an
investment in an Underlying Fund, obtain a controlling interest (i.e., 80% or more) in certain portfolio companies.
Based on recent federal court decisions, there is a risk that such Advisory Account or Underlying Fund would be treated
as engaged in a “trade or business” for purposes of ERISA’s controlled group rules.
Risk of Liability When Acquiring Investments—Advisory Accounts that originate and/or purchase particular investments
may become subject to unknown liabilities, with limited recourse (or no recourse) against the prior owners of the
investments, and no assurance can be given that GSAM will have an understanding of all circumstances that may
adversely affect an investment.
Risks Relating to Portfolio Company Reputation—If a portfolio company fails to maintain the strength and value of the
portfolio company’s brand, or if its public image or reputation were to be tarnished by negative publicity, its value is
likely to decrease, which could have an adverse effect on Advisory Accounts.
Risks Related to Variable Interest Entities—In certain jurisdictions, including the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”),
governmental restrictions limit offshore ownership of certain companies located in that jurisdiction. Advisory Accounts
may obtain exposure to companies in these jurisdictions through variable interest entities (“VIEs”). Investments made
through VIEs pose risks in addition to the risks of investing in the underlying operating company because such
investments are made through an entity whose interests in the underlying operating company are established through
contract rather than through direct equity ownership. Further, there could be conflicting interests between VIE
investors and the company’s direct equity holders. VIEs are also subject to the risk that a particular jurisdiction, such as
the PRC, which has never formally accepted VIEs as a mechanism for investing in Chinese companies, ceases to tolerate
VIEs at any time. VIEs are also subject to additional filings and regulations in certain jurisdictions. The value of an
Advisory Account’s VIE investment could be negatively impacted as a result of any of the foregoing.
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Private Equity
Antitrust Risk—Advisory Accounts and their portfolio companies will be subject to antitrust and competition laws,
rules and regulations in the U.S. and other jurisdictions where they conduct business, and there has been increased
scrutiny from antitrust regulators around the world. If an Advisory Account investment becomes subject to antitrust
review and approval, the relevant authorities could elect not to approve such investment, significantly delay it or
approve it subject to particular terms and conditions (for example, that the underlying portfolio company divest of
certain assets). Advisory Accounts and their portfolio companies could incur significant costs pursuing transactions in
respect of which regulatory approvals are not granted and, as a result, are not able to be consummated.
Difficulty in Valuing Fund Investments—Valuation of interests in Underlying Funds may be difficult because there
generally will be no established market for these interests or for securities of privately-held companies which
Underlying Funds may own.
Growth Capital Investments—While growth capital investments offer the opportunity for significant capital gains, such
investments may involve a higher degree of business and financial risk that can result in substantial or total loss,
including as a result of substantial capital needs and intense competition from more established companies with
greater resources.
Illiquidity of Investments—Private equity investments generally will be long-term and highly illiquid.
Limited Ability to Negotiate Terms and Structures—GSAM may not have the opportunity and/or ability to negotiate the
terms of the interests in the portfolio companies or other special rights or privileges, which may adversely affect
Advisory Accounts.
Operating and Financial Risks and Competition Associated with Portfolio Companies—Investments in certain portfolio
companies, which may be highly leveraged and subject to restrictive financial and operating covenants, may involve a
high degree of business and financial risk due to, among other things, the early stage of development of such
companies, a lack of operating history, and intense competition.
Reliance on Company Management—The success or failure of an investment in a portfolio company will depend to a
significant extent on the portfolio company’s management team. A member of a portfolio company’s management
team may engage in activities that pose legal, regulatory, financial, reputational or other risks to the portfolio
company, and such activities may be difficult or impossible to detect.
Risks Relating to Investments in Venture Capital Funds and Venture Capital-Backed and Early Stage Investing—
Investments in venture capital funds and venture capital-back and early stage companies tend to be highly illiquid,
speculative, and involve a significant risk of loss. In addition, venture capital-backed and early stage companies may
have narrow product lines and small market shares, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’
actions, business and economic developments, and market conditions compared to more mature companies. The
success of such companies is often dependent in significant part upon proprietary technology utilized in its products
and services, which may subject such companies to intellectual property disputes. The percentage of venture capital-
backed and early stage companies that survive and prosper can be small.
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RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO FIXED-INCOME INVESTMENTS
Assignments and Participations—Assignments and participations are typically sold strictly without recourse to the
selling institution thereof, and the selling institution will generally make no representations or warranties about the
underlying loans.
Bank Obligations—Advisory Accounts may invest in obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. or foreign banks that are
subject to extensive governmental regulations which may limit both the amount and types of loans which may be made
and interest rates which may be charged. Among the significant risks relating to such obligations are general economic
conditions as well as exposure to credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers.
Collateral Securing Investments—Secured investments are subject to the risk that the security interests granted by the
obligors in the underlying collateral are not properly or fully perfected in favor of lenders (or their agent).
Compounding these risks, the collateral securing the secured investments may be subject to casualty or devaluation
risks.
Commodity Exposure Risks—Exposure to the commodities markets may result in greater volatility than investments in
traditional securities due to changes in overall market movements, commodity index volatility, changes in interest
rates, factors affecting a particular industry or commodity, as well as changes in value, supply and demand and
governmental regulatory policies.
Contingent Convertible Instruments Risks—Contingent convertible instruments (“CoCos”) are complex instruments
issued primarily by non-U.S. financial companies and have unique risk considerations that differentiate them from
traditional convertible, preferred or debt securities. Depending upon the terms of the particular issue, when certain
pre-determined conditions are met (which are typically those that are adverse to the issuer), CoCos can be mandatorily
converted into common equity of the issuer or the principal of the CoCos can be temporarily or permanently written
down. As a result, investors in CoCos could lose all or part of their principal investment. If an issuer becomes distressed,
including prior to the occurrence of a pre-determined condition, the issuer could determine to defer or cancel interest
payments or dividends. The issuer could also have the right to substitute or vary the terms of, or to redeem all or part
of, the CoCos. In addition, in the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of an issuer prior to a conversion, the
rights and claims of the holders of the CoCos against the issuer generally rank junior to the claims of all holders of
unsubordinated obligations of the issuer. Market value of CoCos will be affected by many unpredictable factors,
including but not limited to the market value of the issuer’s common equity, the issuer’s creditworthiness and capital
ratios, any indication that the securities are trending toward a trigger event, supply and demand for the securities, and
events that affect the issuer or the financial markets generally. There might be no active secondary market for the
securities, and holders of CoCos may have to accept a significant discount from the expected value of the bond in order
to sell it. CoCos are primarily issued by banking institutions and, as a result, an investment in CoCos may lead to
increased concentration risk in an industry that is already experiencing heightened volatility. See Item 8, Methods of
Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss—General Risks—Risks Related to Volatility in the Banking Sector.
Corporate Debt Securities Risks—Corporate debt securities are subject to the risk of the issuer’s inability to meet
principal and interest payments on the obligation and may also be subject to price volatility.
Correlation Risk—The performance of a structured investment, such as a structured note or warrant, held by an
Advisory Account could underperform or differ from the market, or prior to maturity, perform differently than the
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payment at maturity formula due to changes in factors influencing the structured investments, including equity
performance and/or changes in credit spreads, implied volatility, interest rates and/or dividends.
Credit/Default Risk—The issuers or guarantors of fixed-income instruments could fail to make payments or fulfil other
contractual obligations.
Credit Diversification Risk—The credit diversification of an Advisory Account pursuing a structured investment strategy
could be limited due to the lack of availability of structured investments from one or more issuers at a given time.
Credit Ratings—An Advisory Account could use credit ratings to evaluate securities even though such credit ratings
might not fully reflect the true risks of an investment. A change in the credit rating of a security can have a rapid,
adverse effect on the security’s liquidity and make it more difficult for an Advisory Account to sell at an advantageous
price or time.
Exchange-Traded Notes—Exchange-traded notes are subject to credit risk, do not make periodic interest payments,
and may impose fees and expenses on the Advisory Account.
Fixed-Income Securities Risks—Fixed-income securities are subject to the risk of the issuer’s or a guarantor’s inability to
meet principal and interest payments on its obligations and to price volatility.
Floating and Variable Rate Obligations Risks—There may be a lag between an actual change in the underlying interest
rate benchmark and the reset time for an interest payment with respect to instruments with a floating and/or variable
rate obligation, which could harm or benefit the Advisory Account, depending on the interest rate environment or
other circumstances.
General Risks of Secured Loans—An investment in loans that are secured is subject to the risk, among others, that the
security interests in the underlying collateral are not properly or fully perfected, or that other lenders may have
exclusive liens over particular assets (including assets held by non-guarantor subsidiaries) and/or may have priority
over the Advisory Account. These risks could have an adverse impact on an Advisory Account’s recovery in connection
with a secured loan.
High Yield Debt Securities Risks—High yield debt securities have historically experienced greater default rates than
investment grade securities and are subject to additional liquidity and volatility risk.
Hybrid Securities Risks—Credit risk is magnified with respect to preferred and deeply subordinated long-term debt
(“Hybrid Securities”) due to their payoff structure. If an issuer goes into bankruptcy, all other debt holders are paid
first and then preferred holders are paid. In addition, most Hybrid Securities are issued by financial firms and banks.
Investing in Hybrid Securities can create an inadvertent portfolio concentration in financial firms or the financial sector
as a whole. Furthermore, Hybrid Securities usually have maturities of 30 years or longer (and in certain cases can
remain outstanding in perpetuity), but can be retired prior to maturity at the option of the issuer.
Inflation Protected Securities Risks—Investments in inflation protected securities involve risks including an inability to
accurately measure the rate of inflation and declining prices due to market deflation.
Investment Grade Debt Securities Risk—Investment grade debt securities, like other types of debt securities, involve
credit risk. Investment grade debt securities are also subject to the risk that their ratings can be downgraded by the
ratings agencies. A rating downgrade could decrease the value of such securities, which could have an adverse impact
on Advisory Accounts that own such securities.
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Lack of Control Over Investments—GSAM will not have complete or even partial control over decisions affecting certain
investments. For example, GSAM Personnel acting in an advisory capacity in some cases acquire investments that
represent minority positions in a debt tranche where third-party investors control amendments or waivers or
enforcement. In addition, administrative agents in some cases are appointed under certain facilities in which an
Advisory Account invests and such administrative agents would have discretion over certain decisions on behalf of the
investors, including the Advisory Account.
Lender Liability Considerations and Equitable Subordination—A number of judicial decisions in the United States have
upheld the right of borrowers to sue lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories (collectively
termed “lender liability”). An Advisory Account could be subject to allegations of lender liability and claims from
creditors of an obligor that the obligations issued by such obligor that are held by the Advisory Account should be
equitably subordinated. There can be no assurance that such claims will not be asserted or that the Advisory Account
will be able successfully to defend against them. In addition, Advisory Accounts that have representatives on the
boards of their portfolio companies could be prevented from freely disposing of their debt investments, subjected to
additional liability or could have their debt investments recharacterized as equity, all of which would adversely affect
Advisory Accounts.
Limited Amortization Requirements—Senior secured debt will typically have limited mandatory amortization and
interim repayment requirements, which may increase the risk that a company will not be able to repay or refinance the
senior debt.
Loan Risks—Risks associated with investing in loans include illiquidity due to extended trade settlement periods,
default and foreclosure and decline in, or total loss of value of, the collateral securing the loan.
Mezzanine Debt Risks—An Advisory Account holding mezzanine debt will have lower priority than senior creditors,
trade creditors and employees and will have substantially less influence over a company’s affairs than that of senior
creditors, especially during periods of financial distress or following an insolvency.
Mortgage-Backed and/or Other Asset-Backed Securities Risks—Mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities are
subject to certain credit risks associated with the performance of the underlying investments, such as “extension risk,”
“prepayment risk,” and certain other risks described in this Item 8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk
of Loss—Material Risks for Significant Investment Strategies and Particular Types of Securities—Risks that Apply
Primarily to Fixed-Income Investments, and, for securities offered by non-governmental issuers, the failure of private
insurers to meet their obligations and unexpectedly high rates of default on the mortgages backing the securities.
Municipal Securities Risks—Municipal securities risks include credit/default risk, interest rate risk, potential changes in
tax rates and tax exemptions, the ability of the issuer to repay the obligation, the relative lack of information about
certain issuers of municipal securities, and the possibility of future legislative changes which could affect the market for
and value of municipal securities.
Non-Investment Grade Investment Risks—Non-investment grade fixed-income securities are considered speculative
and are subject to the increased risk of an issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payment obligations, greater
price volatility, interest rate sensitivity and less secondary market liquidity.
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Non-Performing Loan Risks—There can be no assurance as to the amount or timing of payments with respect to non-
performing loans. The obligor and/or guarantor of such loans may also be in bankruptcy or liquidation, which may
require substantial workout negotiations or restructuring and can result in significant losses to Advisory Accounts.
Obligations Risks—Many loan obligations are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on purchase and sale or resale
and are relatively illiquid and may be difficult to value.
Odd Lot Risk—Pricing services generally price fixed income securities assuming transactions of an institutional “round
lot” size. While GSAM generally does not seek to purchase odd lots for Advisory Accounts, GSAM could from time-to-
time trade in smaller “odd lot” sizes because, for example, it is impractical to acquire an institutional “round lot” due to
an Advisory Account's limited size, an Advisory Account receives an odd lot as a result of a corporate action or other
event outside of GSAM’s control, or an Advisory Account directs GSAM to transact in a legacy odd lot position. Odd lots
typically trade at lower prices than institutional round lot trades. Over certain time periods, such differences could
materially impact the performance of an Advisory Account that holds odd lots.
Other Debt Instruments; CBOs and CLOs Risks—Debt instruments such as collateralized bond obligations and
collateralized loan obligations may be difficult to value and may be subject to certain transfer limitations.
Prepayment Risk—An issuer could exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by an Advisory Account (such
as a mortgage-backed security or an asset-backed security) earlier than expected, including when there is a decline in
interest rates, and an Advisory Account’s ability to maintain positions in such securities will be affected by reductions in
the principal amount of such securities resulting from prepayments, and its ability to reinvest the returns of principal at
comparable yields will be subject to generally prevailing interest rates at that time.
Purchases of Securities and Other Obligations of Financially Distressed Companies—The purchase of securities and
other obligations of companies that are experiencing significant financial or business distress involves a substantial
degree of risk and may not show any return for a considerable period of time, if ever.
Revolving Credit Facilities—Advisory Accounts may acquire or originate revolving credit facilities in connection with
their investments in other assets. Since drawing down funds of a revolving credit facility can typically be done quicker
than calling capital under an Advisory Account, client(s) of such Advisory Account may be required to contribute the full
amount that could be drawn by such borrower before or at the time such credit facility is established. Such borrower
might not fully draw down its available credit and, as a result, such Advisory Account could either hold unemployed
funds and/or not call all committed capital, which may adversely affect its returns.
Risks Related to Structured Investments—Advisory Accounts may invest in structured investments, which are highly
complex investments and are subject to a number of risks, including prepayment risk, market and regulatory
uncertainty, extension risk, interest rate risk, subordination risk, default-related risks, and the possibility of material
misrepresentation or omission from issuers/guarantors. Structured investments are often leveraged, may be difficult to
value and may have reduced liquidity. Structured investments are also subject to the risks associated with the
underlying assets, such as default or bankruptcy and claims of fraudulent conveyance. Further, Advisory Accounts
investing in structured investments will not own the underlying assets directly, and therefore will not benefit from
general rights applicable to the holders of such assets, such as indemnity rights, voting rights, or rights of setoff.
Second Lien Loan Risks—Second lien loans generally are subject to similar risks as those associated with investments in
senior loans, and, because they are subordinated or unsecured and thus lower in priority of payment to senior loans,
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they are subject to additional risks, including the risk that the borrower may be unable to meet scheduled payments,
price volatility, illiquidity, and the inability of the originators to sell participations in such loans.
Secondary Market/Limited Liquidity Risk—The secondary market for one or more of an Advisory Account’s underlying
structured investments could be limited due to a particular issuer exposure, volatility of a referenced asset or for other
reasons. This lack of liquidity in the secondary market may make one or more of the underlying investments more
difficult to dispose of and to value, resulting in a structured investment strategy being less liquid than other strategies
and negatively impacting secondary market valuations.
Senior Loan Risks—Senior loans are typically rated below investment grade, and are subject to similar risks as non-
investment grade securities, such as credit risk and liquidity risk. Although senior loans generally will be secured by
specific collateral, there can be no assurance that liquidation of such collateral would satisfy the borrower’s obligation
in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal or that such collateral could be readily liquidated.
Further, although senior loans hold the most senior position in the capital structure of a borrower, such loans may
become subordinated to other debt holders and creditors, in which case they will be subject to the risks generally
associated with investments in second lien and more junior loans.
Short Duration Fixed-Income Strategies—A strategy focused on short duration fixed-income securities generally will
earn less income and may provide lower total returns than longer duration strategies.
Short-Term Investment Fund Risk—Advisory Accounts with “stable value” mandates may invest in Short-Term
Investment Funds (“STIFs”), and the ability of such Advisory Accounts to maintain a stable net asset value is dependent
in part on the ability of the STIF vehicle to maintain a stable net asset value.
Sovereign Debt Risks—Investment in sovereign debt obligations involves risks not present in debt obligations of
corporate issuers, such as the issuer’s inability or unwillingness to repay principal or interest, and limited recourse to
compel payment in the event of a default.
Tax Exempt Risk – The tax exempt status of municipal securities could change or be removed completely which would
negatively impact the value of municipal bonds.
Stable Value Risks—The obligations of providers of Stable Value Contracts are those of the providers and are not
obligations of GSAM, Goldman Sachs or any of their affiliates. There is no guarantee that providers under Stable Value
Contracts will fulfill their obligations or that such contracts will continue to be valued at their contract value rather than
market or fair value. Any valuation adjustments with respect to assets under a Stable Value Contract could cause a
significant loss to the Advisory Accounts that held the contract. Additional risks of investing in Stable Value Contracts
include, among others, increased fees, decreased flexibility of terms, credit impairment of an underlying security, the
risk that providers experience credit failure, the risk that changes in cash flows will negatively impact yield, and long
withdrawal notice periods. There can be no assurance that sufficient Stable Value Contracts will be available in the
future to replace or supplement an Advisory Account’s existing contracts. Future regulatory action or changes to
accounting principles applicable to Stable Value Contracts could also impact the availability or terms of Stable Value
Contracts.
Underperformance Risk—Structured investments could underperform the underlying investments due to reasons such
as the payout feature of one or more investments and the fact that such structured investments do not receive
dividends.
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U.S. Government Securities Risks—Issuers of U.S. government securities may not have the funds to meet their payment
obligations and may not receive financial support from the United States.
U.S. Treasury Securities Risk—Securities backed by the U.S. Treasury or the full faith and credit of the United States are
guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity, but the market prices for
such securities are not guaranteed and will fluctuate, including as changes in domestic and global economic conditions
affect the demand for these securities. Additionally, it is expected that the SEC’s recent adoption of rules which will
require central clearing of a broad range of cash and repurchase transactions in U.S. Treasury securities beginning on
December 31, 2026 will result in significant changes in the current marketplace, which in turn will have significant
effects on market participants including GSAMLP, GS&Co., GSAMI and GSAMS and on the prices of U.S. Treasury
securities. The full impact of these changes is uncertain.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO MANAGED ACCOUNT SERVICES
General Risks—As with other investment products under the GSAM platform, Managed Account Services involve risk,
including loss of principal, which investors should be prepared to bear. Under normal conditions, an Enrolled
Participant’s asset allocation will typically become more conservative over time as retirement approaches through a
reduced allocation to equity funds and an increased allocation to fixed income funds in accordance with the baseline
glidepath, subject to certain guardrails around the baseline glidepath established by GSAM and adjustments based on
information about an Enrolled Participant’s retirement circumstances and goals. A conservative asset allocation does
not mean that the asset allocation or its underlying investments are without risk. The Enrolled Participant Accounts are
subject to the risks associated with their underlying investments. These risks change over time as the asset allocation
strategy adjusts. There is no assurance that the asset allocation strategy or any underlying investment will achieve its
investment objective, and each will fluctuate due to market conditions and other factors, including various market,
liquidity, currency, economic, political and other risks. The ability of the asset allocation strategy to meet its investment
objective is directly related to the information that GSAM receives (and the accuracy of that information), the ability of
the underlying investments to meet their investment objectives, and the allocation among those investments. There is
no guarantee Managed Account Services will provide adequate income at or through retirement.
Risks Associated with Using the Managed Account Services Algorithms—The algorithms used by Managed Account
Services (“Managed Account Services Algorithms”) are based on the capital market assumptions and analysis of GSAM
or a WMA Institution. The investment objectives of the Managed Account Services Algorithms are not intended to
replicate a perfect “model” portfolio, but are, instead, intended to reflect the investment philosophy of GSAM or a
WMA Institution. The Managed Account Services Algorithms also entail the use of sophisticated statistical calculations
and complex computer systems, and there is no assurance that GSAM will be successful in carrying out such
calculations correctly, or that the use of these quantitative models and systems will not expose Enrolled Participant
Accounts to the risk of significant losses. More specifically, GSAM’s ability to implement key investment objectives is
dependent on a number of considerations, including, but not limited to, the economic, analytical and mathematical
components and assumptions of each model, the accurate encapsulation of those components in a complex
computational environment (including the Software Platform), the data quality incorporated into the models, changes
in market conditions, the successful expression of the models’ views into any applicable investment portfolio
construction, and the ability of authorized personnel of GSAM or a WMA Institution to interpret and implement model
outputs. Several of the aforementioned considerations (and others) present the possibility of human error. While
GSAM has established certain systematic rules and processes for monitoring Enrolled Participant portfolios to ensure
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they are managed in accordance with their investment objectives, there is no guarantee that these rules or processes
will effectively manage the risks associated with the Managed Account Services Algorithms in all market conditions.
Consequently, while GSAM employs controls to help ensure that models are sound in their development and
appropriately adapted, calibrated and implemented into the Software Platform, the risks and certain errors associated
with the Managed Account Services Algorithms can and will persist. Furthermore, errors can be very difficult to detect
in some instances, with some errors potentially going undetected for long periods of time, or not detected at all.
GSAM’s controls and processes are designed to help ensure that certain types of errors are subject to review once
discovered, however, the effect of errors on the investment process and, as applicable, Enrolled Participant Account
performance (positive or negative) may not be fully apparent when discovered.
Risks Related to Accuracy of Information—GSAM relies, and bases its asset allocation and Managed Account Services
Guidance with respect to Managed Account Services, on information provided by Plan Sponsors, WMA Institutions
(including data held with and provided by a plan’s recordkeeper), other plan fiduciaries and Enrolled Participants
without further verification. If GSAM were to receive inaccurate or false information from these parties, the quality and
applicability of the investment strategies, Managed Account Services Guidance, recommendations made to, and, if
applicable, management of, Enrolled Participant Accounts can be materially impacted. GSAM can and will also receive
and utilize data and information about Enrolled Participants and Enrolled Participant Accounts from third-party
custodians, brokers and other data providers, and will also utilize publicly available information. GSAM does not
independently verify or guarantee that such data and information is accurate or current. If such data and/or
information were to prove inaccurate or outdated, false or otherwise materially compromised, the quality and
applicability of the investment strategies, Managed Account Services Guidance, recommendations made to, and, if
applicable, GSAM’s management of, Enrolled Participant Accounts could be materially impacted.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO DERIVATIVES INVESTMENTS AND SHORT SALES
Call and Put Options Risks—The market price of the security underlying a call or put option may decrease below, or
increase above, as applicable, the purchase price of the underlying security.
Failure of Brokers, Clearing Houses, Counterparties and Exchanges Risks—An Advisory Account will be exposed to the
credit risk of the counterparties with which, or the brokers, clearing houses, dealers, exchanges and other trading
platforms through which, it deals.
Forward Contracts Risks—Investment in forward contracts, which are generally not regulated and are not subject to
limitations on daily price moves, may involve counterparty credit risk and default risk.
Futures Risks—Futures positions may be illiquid due to daily limits on price fluctuations, and the CFTC may suspend
trading or order immediate liquidation and settlement of a particular contract.
Hedging Risks—Hedging techniques involve risks such as the possibility that losses on the hedge may be greater than
gains in the value of the positions of an Advisory Account.
Requirement to Perform—When entering into forward, spot or option contracts, or swaps, an Advisory Account may
be required, and must be able, to perform its obligations under the contract.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements Risks—The value of securities being relinquished in a reverse repurchase transaction
may decline below the closing price, and counterparties to a reverse repurchase agreement may be unable or unwilling
to complete the transaction as scheduled.
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Risks of Cross-Guarantee and Cross-Collateralization of Borrowing Obligations—Advisory Accounts that are pooled
investment vehicles may be jointly responsible for the repayment of indebtedness, and in such cases one Advisory
Account may be adversely affected if another Advisory Account defaults on its obligations.
Risks of Derivative Investments—Investments in swaps, options, futures, and other derivative instruments, including
those relating to non-U.S. currency transactions, involve risks including, among others, illiquidity in the markets for
derivative instruments, failure of the counterparty to perform its contractual obligations, or the risks arising from
margin requirements and related leverage factors associated with such transactions.
Short Selling/Position Risk—Short selling involves the risk of potentially unlimited losses and the inability to reacquire a
security or close the transaction timely or at an acceptable price.
Swaps Risks—The use of swaps is subject to various types of risks, including, among others, market risk, liquidity risk,
structuring risk, legal risk, tax risk, and the risk of non-performance by the counterparty.
When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitments—The purchase of securities on a when-issued or forward
commitment basis involves a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines before the settlement
date. Conversely, the sale of securities on a forward commitment basis involves the risk that the value of the securities
sold may increase before the settlement date.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO INVESTMENTS IN THIRD-PARTY MANAGEMENT COMPANIES
Activities of Third-Party Management Companies and Their Personnel—A Third-Party Management Company and/or its
personnel may engage in activities that pose legal, regulatory, financial, reputational or other risks to the Third-Party
Management Company, and such activities may be difficult or impossible to detect.
Changes in Expected Investment Objectives of Third-Party Management Companies—Advisory Accounts will generally
not be able to reduce or withdraw their investments in Third-Party Management Companies in the event such Third-
Party Management Companies change their investment objectives and strategies and economic terms.
Clawback Payments to Third-Party Management Companies—Third-Party Management Companies may make
distributions to Advisory Accounts that are subject to clawback arrangements.
Consent and Filing Requirements in Connection with Investments in Third-Party Management Companies—The
acquisition and disposition of interests in Third-Party Management Companies may be subject to the consent and filing
requirements of governmental or regulatory bodies, which consent may or may not be granted.
Inability to Fulfill Investment Objective or Implement Investment Strategy; Competitive Investment Environment—
There can be no assurances as to the availability of opportunities to invest in Third-Party Management Companies due
to the potentially high levels of investor demand for such investments and transfer restrictions to which the Third-Party
Management Companies are subject.
Key Persons; Non-Competition—Third-Party Management Companies may rely heavily on certain of their key
personnel to manage and direct their operations, and the departure of any personnel or their inability to fulfill their
responsibilities may adversely affect the Third-Party Management Company’s ability to effectively implement its
investment program, which may have an adverse effect on an Advisory Account.
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Limited Track Record of Third-Party Management Companies—An Advisory Account may invest in a Third-Party
Management Company that has only recently commenced operations and therefore has a limited operating history
upon which GSAM can evaluate its anticipated performance.
Past Performance of Third-Party Management Companies—The past performance of a Third-Party Management
Company, or of a manager that has established a Third-Party Management Company after having worked with various
investment firms, may not be an indication of the future performance of such Third-Party Management Company.
Performance Dependent Upon Third-Party Management Companies—Returns of an investment in a Third-Party
Management Company will depend upon the performance of such Third-Party Management Company.
Risks Applicable to Allocation of Assets to Certain Third-Party Management Companies—Third-Party Management
Companies may have limited direct experience managing their funds and/or limited or no experience managing certain
of the strategies expected to be deployed by them in their investment program.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO INVESTMENTS IN UNDERLYING FUNDS AND WITH RESPECT TO ADVISERS
Advisers’ Activities May be Limited—In order to avoid restrictions on its investment activities imposed by regulatory or
other requirements, an Adviser may reject, limit or restrict investments by Advisory Accounts.
Advisers and Underlying Funds Invest Independently—Advisers and Underlying Funds generally make investment
decisions independently of other Advisers and other Underlying Funds, respectively, and may at times compete for
investments or hold, or cause an Advisory Account to hold, economically offsetting positions or interests in the same
underlying investments.
Changes to Investment Program; Additional Investment Strategies of Underlying Funds—Managers of Underlying Funds
in which an Advisory Account invests may modify the investment strategies and sub-strategies being utilized by the
Underlying Fund.
Failure by Other Investors to Meet Capital Calls—Failure by other investors to meet a capital call by an Underlying Fund
could have adverse consequences for GSAM’s clients.
Giveback Obligations—An Underlying Fund may require the return of distributions received from investments.
Government Investigations—An Adviser or any current or former personnel or affiliate thereof may become involved in
an investigation by a governmental or regulatory agency or may otherwise be suspected to have been involved in any
wrongdoing, resulting in reputational harm to the Adviser and the diversion of the Adviser’s attention from its
investment management responsibilities.
Investment and Trading Risks—Investments in Underlying Funds are speculative and involve a high degree of risk,
including the risk that the entire amount invested may be lost.
Investments of Advisory Accounts May Not Be Diversified—Greater concentration with any single Adviser or in any
single sector likely will increase the adverse effect on an Advisory Account of any problems experienced by such
Adviser.
Investments in Certain Multi-Adviser Structures—Where an Underlying Fund allocates funds to investment funds
selected by its Adviser that are affiliated with such Adviser and investment funds selected by such Adviser that are not
affiliated with such Adviser, GSAM generally will have limited ability to examine the organizational infrastructure of the
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underlying managers and the investment funds in which the Advisory Account indirectly invests. Advisers have an
incentive to select affiliated investment funds based on compensation received in connection with managing such
affiliated investment funds.
Limitations on Ability to Rebalance Portfolio—Due to factors including illiquidity, GSAM may at certain times be unable
to reallocate an Advisory Account’s assets among Advisers as it determines is advisable.
Limitations on GSAM’s Authority—Agreements with Advisers, market conditions and applicable law may limit GSAM’s
participation in the day-to-day management of unaffiliated Underlying Funds, which may delay, among other things,
GSAM’s reaction to market or other conditions.
Limited Ability to Invest in Underlying Funds—Certain Underlying Funds can accommodate only a limited amount of
capital, and each Underlying Fund has the right to refuse to manage some or all of the assets that GSAM may wish to
allocate to such Underlying Fund.
Limited Ability to Negotiate Terms of Investments in Underlying Funds—GSAM may have limited or no opportunity to
negotiate the terms of the interests in the Underlying Funds or other special rights or privileges, and, as a result, the
terms, structure and other aspects of such investments may be disadvantageous for legal, tax, regulatory, and other
reasons.
Limited Regulatory Oversight—Underlying Funds and Advisers to which Advisory Accounts allocate assets may not be
registered under the Investment Company Act and the Advisers Act, respectively, and may be subject to limited or no
regulatory requirements or governmental oversight.
Liquidity Risk of Underlying Funds—Redemptions or withdrawals from Underlying Funds may be significantly delayed
as a result of minimum holding periods, limitation of dates on which interests may be redeemed, caps or limits on
redemptions, significant redemption notice periods or redemption fees imposed by the Underlying Fund.
Multiple Levels of Fees and Expenses—Subject to applicable law, Advisory Accounts investing in Advisers or Underlying
Funds generally bear any asset-based and performance-based fees or allocations and expenses at the Advisory Account
level and at the Adviser or Underlying Fund level (although there may be circumstances in which Advisory Accounts
bear such fees at only the Advisory Account level, or only the Adviser level).
New Strategies Risks—Advisers may utilize additional investment strategies and sub-strategies, and/or remove,
substitute or modify their investment strategies and sub-strategies or any of the types of investments then being
utilized prior to GSAM having the opportunity to evaluate such decisions or withdraw an Advisory Account’s assets.
Non-Recourse Risk—The governing agreements of Underlying Funds in which Advisory Accounts invest may limit a
trustee and/or manager’s liability to investors.
Reliance on Unaffiliated Advisers—Success of investments with Unaffiliated Advisers depends upon, among other
things, the ability of the Unaffiliated Advisers to develop and successfully implement strategies that achieve their
investment objectives.
Risks Associated with Certain Methods for Allocating Assets to Advisers—Additional costs and liquidity and credit risks
arise when assets are allocated to Advisers indirectly, including through intermediate investment vehicles formed or
managed by GSAM or by purchasing derivatives.
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Risks Associated with “Start-up” Advisers—Investments with “start-up” Advisers pose greater risks and uncertainty
than investments with more experienced Advisers.
Risks Related to Investments in Underlying Funds—Additional subscriptions to Underlying Funds will dilute the indirect
interests of such Underlying Funds’ existing investors, and GSAM may have no ability to assess the accuracy of
valuations received in respect of investments in such Underlying Funds.
Risks Related to Thematic Investments—Certain Advisers may implement specific investment themes or ideas that are
derived from short-term or medium-term market views. It is expected that only a limited number of Underlying Funds
will have a thematic focus, and, therefore, thematic investment opportunities and capacity for Underlying Funds with a
thematic focus will be limited. As a result, Underlying Funds may hold large cash balances or be highly concentrated in
a limited number of positions.
Risks Related to Underlying Fund Side Pockets—An Advisory Account that holds side-pocketed assets in an Underlying
Fund is subject to significant liquidity and valuation risks.
Transactions Between and Among Advisory Accounts—The transfer price for transfers between and among Advisory
Accounts will not take into account any value associated with the transfer of the Advisory Account’s investment holding
period, if any, in an Underlying Fund, or the prior high net asset value.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS
Dependence on Property Managers and Operating Partners—Reliance on third parties to manage or operate
investments poses significant risks, including, among others, that the manager or operating partner may suffer a
business failure, become bankrupt or engage in activities that compete with investments.
Development Risks—Real estate investments may require development or redevelopment, which carries additional
risks, including the availability and timely receipt of zoning and other regulatory approvals, the cost and timely
completion of construction, and the availability of financing on favorable terms.
Failure to Qualify as a REIT Would Result in Higher Taxes—If any real estate investment trust (“REIT”) were to fail to
qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it would be subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax, including any
applicable alternative minimum tax, on its taxable income at regular corporate rates, and distributions by the REIT
would not be deductible by such REIT in computing its taxable income. Certain REITs and/or investors in REITs could be
subject to non-US tax regimes that differ from those in the US and could reduce the returns to such REITs or their
investors (including an Underlying Fund).
Impact of Recessionary Environment on Real Estate Investments—All real estate-related investments are subject to the
risk that a general downturn in the national or local economy will depress real estate prices.
Real Estate Industry Risks— Real estate investments involve additional risks not typically associated with other asset
classes The real estate industry is sensitive to economic downturns, which may cause occasional or permanent
reductions in property values and the values of securities of real estate companies may fluctuate between under-
performance and out-performance of equity securities markets. Real estate investments (both through public and
private markets) are also subject to changes in broader macroeconomic conditions, such as interest rates.
REIT Risks—The securities of REITs involve greater risks than those associated with larger, more established companies
and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements because of interest rate changes, economic conditions
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and other factors. REITs may also fail to qualify for tax free pass-through of income or may fail to maintain their
exemptions from investment company registration.
Risks Associated with Investments in Workforce Housing—Certain Advisory Accounts will invest in workforce and
affordable housing located in metropolitan areas in the United States. The value and successful operation of workforce
and affordable housing properties may be adversely affected by local corporate restructurings and/or layoffs, industry
slowdowns and other factors that adversely affect the local economy.
Risks Relating to the Acquisition and Ownership of Undeveloped Land—The acquisition or ownership of undeveloped
land for residential or commercial land banking purposes involves risks associated with real estate development,
entitlement and other regulatory risks, and liquidity risk.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO ESG AND IMPACT INVESTMENTS
Dependence on Government Funding, Tax Credits and Other Subsidies—The success of certain ESG investments may
depend on government funding, tax credits or other public or private sector subsidies, which are not guaranteed over
the life of the investment.
Environmental, Social Impact and Governance Investments—ESG investments may not provide as favorable returns or
protection of capital as other investments, and may be more concentrated in certain sectors than investments that do
not have the intention of generating measurable social and environmental impact. In addition, there are significant
differences in interpretations of what it means for a company to be an ESG investment, and GSAM’s interpretations
may differ from others’. GSAM’s approach to ESG investing may evolve and develop over time, both due to a
refinement of investment decision-making processes to address ESG characteristics and risks, and because of legal and
regulatory developments. In evaluating a security or an issuer’s ESG characteristics, GSAM is dependent on the quality
and completeness of ESG-related information and data obtained through third parties, which may be incomplete,
inaccurate or unavailable. As a result, there is a risk that GSAM could incorrectly assess a security or issuer. The risk
associated with this dependency is especially pronounced for markets, geographies, and asset classes where the quality
and extent of available information and reporting are lower.
Legislative and Regulatory Risks of ESG Investments—GSAM and Advisory Accounts are subject to evolving regulations
regarding ESG investing and could become subject to additional regulation in the future. GSAM cannot guarantee that
its current approach to ESG investing or an Advisory Account’s ESG investments will meet future regulatory
requirements, reporting frameworks or best practices. Recently, anti-ESG sentiment has gained momentum across the
United States, with several state legislatures having passed or proposed laws, initiatives and/or guidelines to prohibit
or restrict state pension funds, agencies or other state entities from doing business with investors and companies that
consider ESG and/or ESG-related factors in their investment decisions. Any such legislation and/or regulation could
negatively impact the value of an Advisory Account’s investments and the Advisory Account may ultimately make fewer
investments and be less diversified than if it were not restricted from participating in certain investments due to such
legislative and/or regulation. This development in the United States creates a risk of inconsistency between ESG
initiatives in the United States and other countries, including the United Kingdom and European Union, where there
continues to be regulatory and investor interest in improving transparency around how investment managers define
and measure ESG performance.
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Risks Associated with Impact Investments—GSAM may take into account the potential environmental and/or social
impact when making decisions regarding the selection, management and disposal of investments, which may result in a
lower financial return than if it did not take into account such impact.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENTS
Operational Risks of Renewable Energy Investments—The value of renewable power investments is dependent on
contractual arrangements with third parties who may not perform on their obligations. In addition, governance or
economic rights of co-owners of renewable power investments and failures or limitations of physical operating assets
may adversely affect the overall performance of investments, and investments may be subject to laws and regulations
governing the health and safety of workers, the violation of which may result in potential fines and civil and/or criminal
actions.
Regulatory Restrictions Applicable to Renewable Power Investments—Renewable power projects are subject to
numerous environmental, health and safety laws, regulations, guidelines, policies, directives, government approvals,
permit requirements and other requirements which may make the operation of such projects costly and less profitable.
Risks Relating to Co-Ownership Arrangements—An Advisory Account may enter into a joint ownership structure with
the developer of a renewable energy project, and may have a lesser degree of control over the business operations of a
project than if the Advisory Account were the sole owner, which could result in an increase in the financial, legal,
operational or compliance risks associated with the project and have an adverse effect on the performance of the
project and the Advisory Account.
Risks Relating to Development Support Arrangements—In connection with the implementation of a renewable energy
strategy, an Advisory Account may enter into certain development support arrangements, including extending credit in
the form of loans or equity support, with developers of renewable power projects, which presents a number of
significant risks, including the risk that the developer or a project may default on their obligations to the Advisory
Account, and the Advisory Account may have limited recourse against the developer or the project.
Risks Relating to the Renewable Energy Market—The renewable energy market is at a relatively early stage of
development and may fail to fully develop. The renewable energy market is also subject to a high degree of
uncertainty as a result of potential tax, regulatory and technological changes, and is highly competitive. These market
characteristics may limit demand for and availability of renewable energy projects and may increase costs associated
with such projects.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO ENERGY STORAGE INVESTMENTS
Certain Risks Relating to Customers of Energy Storage Investments—The energy storage industry is an emerging
industry, and broad acceptance of the energy storage systems’ services is subject to a high level of uncertainty and risk.
Intense competition for customers and slower-than-anticipated market development in the energy storage industry
may adversely affect an Advisory Account’s energy storage investment. In addition, if customers are unwilling or
unable to fulfill their contractual obligations to an energy storage investment, or if they otherwise terminate such
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contracts prior to their expiration, an energy storage investment may not be able to recover contractual payments and
commitments due to it.
Cost and Availability of Raw Materials—Energy storage investments are subject to risk from fluctuating market prices
of, and the limited availability of, the commodity raw materials that are used in batteries. Significant price changes for
these raw materials could increase costs and reduce operating margins, and could harm an investment’s business,
financial condition, and results in operations. In addition, countries in which the raw materials are sourced, or may be
sourced in the future, may be subject to new or additional trade restrictions imposed by the United States or other
foreign governments, which may increase the cost or reduce or delay the supply of components and available
materials, which may adversely affect energy storage investments.
Operational Risks of Energy Storage Investments—The risks associated with ownership and operation of energy storage
projects include, among others, the failure of equipment, catastrophic events (including natural disasters) that could
destroy an investment, unforeseen increases in operating and battery storage costs, the failure of counterparties or
service providers to perform their contractual obligations, design or manufacturing defects, costs relating to
compliance with, and changes to, land use, environmental or other regulatory requirements. In addition, certain
projects may require periodic modifications, upgrades and improvements, which may prove costly.
Risks Relating to Evolving Technology—New or improved battery-storage technologies may develop in the future,
potentially rendering existing technologies less efficient or obsolete. If an energy storage investment’s competitors are
able to take advantage of new and better technologies or better batteries, and thus offer more efficient and less costly
services to customers, an Advisory Account’s investment will be negatively impacted.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO TECHNOLOGY COMPANY INVESTMENTS
Risks Relating to Concentrated Focus on the Technology Industry—Advisory Accounts may concentrate investments in
the technology industry or whose business models rely on or are enabled by technology (“Technology Companies”),
and as a result the performance of any such Advisory Accounts will be tied to economic and market conditions directly
or indirectly affecting the technology industry.
Risks Relating to Investing in AI and Machine Learning—Investments in Technology Companies that utilize AI and
machine learning technologies (“AI Technologies”) pose risks for Advisory Accounts. AI algorithms used by Technology
Companies may be flawed and the datasets on which such algorithms are trained may be insufficient, raise privacy
concerns, or contain biased information. This could undermine the decisions, predictions or analysis that AI
Technologies produce, subjecting Technology Companies that use AI Technologies to competitive harm, legal liability,
regulatory action and brand or reputational harm. Legislative and regulatory focus on AI Technologies is increasing,
which could require significant changes to Technology Companies’ policies and practices, necessitating expenditure of
significant time, expense, and other resources. Any of the foregoing could have an adverse effect on Advisory Accounts
that invest in Technology Companies.
Risks of Technological Developments—The financial success of Technology Companies in which an Advisory Account
invests may depend, in part, on the ability of such issuers to continue to develop and implement services and solutions
that anticipate and respond to rapid and continuing changes in technology, society and regulation. Any failure by such
issuers to do so could adversely affect their ability to compete, their market share, or their results of operations, which
may adversely affect Advisory Accounts.
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Risks Related to Intellectual Property—Technology Companies tend to be highly dependent upon intellectual property.
Technology Companies may incur substantial costs to license, develop, maintain and protect intellectual property,
including litigation to enforce intellectual property rights and defend against intellectual property violation claims from
other companies. If the intellectual property on which a Technology Company relies becomes obsolete or unavailable
to it, including due to prohibitively expensive licensing fees or a finding that they have violated other companies’
intellectual property rights, the value of the Technology Company could be materially impaired, and the Advisory
Accounts could incur losses.
Risks Relating to Regulation—Technology Companies are subject to numerous U.S. and non-U.S. regulations, including
with respect to privacy and restrictions on exporting certain technologies. In addition, there has been significant public
discussion about subjecting Technology Companies to additional regulation, including in the areas of privacy, tax
compliance and political activity. Any additional restrictions could adversely affect Advisory Accounts’ investments in
Technology Companies.
Risks Relating to Software Code Protection—Source code is often critical to Technology Companies, and if an
unauthorized disclosure of a significant portion of source code occurs, a Technology Company could potentially lose
future trade secret protection for that source code.
Valuation of Certain Technology Companies—Certain private Technology Companies, including companies providing
services delivered via or related to the internet, recently have been accorded very favorable market valuations,
however there can be no assurance that such businesses will continue to be afforded such valuations.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO GROWTH EQUITY INVESTMENTS
Growth Equity Transactions—While growth-equity investments offer the opportunity for significant capital gains, such
investments may involve a higher degree of business and financial risk that can result in substantial or total loss,
including as a result of substantial capital needs and intense competition from more established companies with
greater resources.
Early-Stage Investments—Companies that are in a conceptual or early-stage of development are often characterized by
short operating histories, new technologies and products, quickly evolving markets and management teams that may
have limited experience working together, all of which enhance the difficulty of evaluating investment opportunities in
such companies.
Investments in Junior Securities—Securities of companies that have already received one or more rounds of financing
may be among the most junior in a portfolio company’s capital structure, subjecting Advisory Accounts that invest in
such securities to a greater risk of loss.
Later Stage Investments—Companies in a later-stage of development typically have obtained capital in the form of
debt and/or equity to expand rapidly, reorganize operations, acquire a business or develop new products and markets.
These activities involve a significant amount of change, which can give rise to problems in sales, manufacturing and
general management of business activities.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO INVESTMENTS IN OPPORTUNITY ZONES
Changes in Legislation Relating to Qualified Opportunity Zones (“QOZs”)—Additional legislation or administrative
guidance (including, without limitation, changes to applicable tax rates or census tracts designated as QOZs) may cause
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an Advisory Account to fail to qualify as a QOF or to fail to provide investors with the anticipated tax benefits of the
QOF program, and there may be no remedies that GSAM will be able to undertake in order to qualify such Advisory
Account to receive such benefits.
Economic Risks of Investing in Opportunity Zones—Investments in certain census tracts (generally low-income urban,
suburban or rural communities) that have been designated as QOZs are subject to the risk that the anticipated
economic growth may not materialize, and there can be no assurance that an Advisory Account will achieve the
intended tax or investment objectives.
Uncertainty of and Compliance with QOZ Rules—Certain Advisory Accounts are formed for the purpose of qualifying as
a QOF; however, no assurance can be provided that such Advisory Accounts will so qualify or that, even if they qualify,
any or all of the tax benefits available to qualified opportunity funds will be available to any particular investor.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO CERTAIN JAPANESE ACQUISITION STRUCTURES
Risks Related to TK Structures—GSAM may structure certain acquisitions of Japanese investments through a special
purpose acquisition structure known as the tokumei kumiai (“TK”) structure. If an Advisory Account is deemed to be
directly or indirectly involved in the management or operation of the TK, such Advisory Account may be directly or
indirectly subject to full Japanese national and local taxes and the underlying investors may be required to file Japanese
income tax returns.
Risks Related to TMK Structures—GSAM may also structure certain acquisitions of Japanese investments through a
tokutei mokuteki kaisha (“TMK”), a special purpose vehicle more than 50% of each class and each type of the equity
interests of which (with certain exceptions) must be offered in Japan. If the offering of a TMK fails, or is determined by
the Japanese tax authorities to fail to satisfy the TMK’s dividend deductibility requirements, a TMK otherwise fails to
satisfy the dividend deductibility requirements, or its taxable income exceeds dividends paid, then the applicable
Advisory Account will suffer adverse tax consequences.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO INVESTMENTS IN VIRTUAL CURRENCIES
One or more Advisers may invest in virtual or “crypto” currencies and other similar digital assets, including through the
use of virtual currency derivatives, ETFs and options and through private funds that invest in such assets or exchange-
traded products that have direct exposure to bitcoin or other virtual currencies (collectively, “Virtual Currencies”).
Virtual Currencies are not legal tender in the United States. The price of a Virtual Currency could be highly volatile.
Virtual Currencies can be traded through privately negotiated transactions and through numerous Virtual Currency
exchanges around the world. Transactions in cryptocurrencies are irrevocable, and stolen or incorrectly transferred
cryptocurrency may be irretrievable. The lack of a centralized pricing source poses a variety of valuation challenges. In
addition, the dispersed liquidity may pose challenges for market participants trying to exit a position, particularly
during periods of stress. Virtual Currencies and related technologies are subject to various cybersecurity risks, such as
hacking vulnerabilities. The underlying or spot market poses asset verification challenges for market participants,
regulators and auditors and gives rise to an increased risk of manipulation, fraud, and misappropriation of customer
assets. In addition, the amounts of fees paid in connection with Virtual Currency transactions are subject to market
forces and it is possible that the fees could increase substantially during a period of stress.
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Virtual Currency exchanges, as well as other intermediaries, custodians and vendors used to facilitate Virtual Currency
transactions, are relatively new and largely unregulated in both the United States and many foreign jurisdictions.
Virtual Currency exchanges generally purchase Virtual Currencies for their own account on the public ledger and
allocate positions to customers through internal bookkeeping entries. A Virtual Currency exchange may not hold
sufficient Virtual Currencies and funds to satisfy its obligations and such deficiency may not be easily discovered. In
addition, many Virtual Currency exchanges may have a higher level of operational risk than regulated futures or
securities exchanges.
Virtual Currency exchanges are particularly susceptible to service interruptions or permanent cessation of operations
due to manipulation, fraud, misappropriation of assets, government or regulatory involvement, or other reasons.
Virtual Currencies have also been associated with illicit activities, in part due to their pseudo-anonymous nature. In
addition, multiple Virtual Currency platforms have commenced bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, in large part
because the platforms did not have sufficient funds or Virtual Currencies available to satisfy the claims and
entitlements of their customer and account holders. These events negatively affected the price of Virtual Currencies as
well as products linked to Virtual Currencies generally and caused reputational harm to the Virtual Currency industry as
a whole. To the extent that similar developments occur in the future, the value of customers’ Virtual Currency could be
negatively impacted.
As noted above, Virtual Currency pricing may be highly volatile, and Virtual Currencies have in the past, and could in
the future, experience outages during periods of severe stress. Media headlines, tweets, or celebrity opinions can
significantly influence Virtual Currency pricing, given the speculative nature of cryptocurrency. With respect to a Virtual
Currency that is a virtual currency derivative, since the initial margin for the Virtual Currency may be set as a
percentage of the value of a particular contract, margin requirements for long positions can increase if the price of the
contract rises. In addition, certain futures commission merchants may impose restrictions on customer trading activity
in virtual currency derivatives, including by requiring additional margin, imposing position limits, prohibiting naked
shorting and prohibiting give-in transactions. The rules of certain designated contract markets impose trading halts that
may restrict a market participant's ability to exit a position during a period of high volatility.
Virtual Currencies currently face an uncertain regulatory landscape in the United States and many foreign jurisdictions.
In the United States, Virtual Currencies may be regulated both by federal regulators and one or more state regulatory
bodies. One or more jurisdictions may, in the future, adopt laws, regulations or directives that affect Virtual Currency
networks and their users. Furthermore, the relatively new and rapidly evolving technology underlying Virtual
Currencies introduces unique risks. Tax considerations may vary across global jurisdictions and could increase,
rendering ownership of Virtual Currencies subject to more punitive taxation in the future.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO TAX-MANAGED INVESTMENTS
This section briefly summarizes some of the important risks, including U.S. federal income tax consequences, that could
arise in connection with a tax-managed strategy (“TACS Strategy”). It does not address all tax rules, including state laws,
non-U.S. person regulations, and other rules applicable to certain types of clients or special circumstances.
Payment of Taxes—Clients will be responsible for payment of any and all taxes due as a result of transactions in an
account that pursues a TACS Strategy (a “TACS Account”).
Risks Relating to the TACS Strategy Generally—The strategy is designed for U.S. taxable clients to realize capital losses
(primarily short-term) and defer capital gains. If the strategy fails to meet these tax-aware objectives, the after-tax
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result could be worse than if the client had not enrolled in the strategy at all. Furthermore, implementing tax-aware
methodologies may introduce substantial non-tax economic costs, such as retaining securities with unrealized gains
that hinder the ability to align the portfolio with desired investment allocations. By intentionally triggering capital
losses and replacing sold securities, the average cost basis of the securities in the portfolio is reduced. This creates a
growing contingent future tax liability on unrealized gains. If the account is eventually liquidated, the client will
generally face immediate taxes on these realized gains. Unless otherwise agreed to in writing by GSAM, GSAM
manages TACS Accounts on a standalone basis and does not consider any other assets that a client owns (including in
other accounts managed by GSAM or its affiliates). Transactions in these outside accounts can trigger adverse tax
consequences under U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) wash sale, straddle, or constructive sale rules. In the
event of an unfavorable determination on an IRS tax audit, clients may be subject to additional taxation (including
interest and penalties) on a current or retroactive basis. Tax reporting of gains and losses on IRS Form 1099, and
associated tax basis reporting, will generally not reflect all of the consequences of straddles, wash sales, constructive
sales or the disqualification of dividends and it is incumbent on clients and their tax advisors to independently
recognize and account for such tax consequences. GSAM’s ability to utilize various tax-management techniques could
be curtailed or eliminated in the future by tax legislation, regulation or interpretations, each of which could have
retroactive effects and clients should consult their tax advisor.
Tax Straddles—Certain adverse tax consequences can apply when a taxpayer or a related party holds "offsetting
positions" (e.g., a stock and an offsetting option) that substantially diminish the risk of loss from holding one position
by reason of holding one or more other positions, including the suspension or elimination of realized losses, the
conversion of short-term losses into long-term losses, the resetting of holding periods to zero, and the disqualification
of dividends from preferential tax rates.
Wash Sales—Under the wash sale rules, the loss on the sale of a stock or security is disallowed and is instead added to
the basis of the replacement security. A client’s ability to use realized losses may be limited if a client invests in multiple
mandates that trade the same or substantially identical securities, and/or through accounts that are deemed to be
related under the relevant tax rules and regulations (“related accounts”). In certain instances, GSAM may intentionally
engage in wash sales when it believes that the trades are beneficial to do so. In addition, GSAM may be unable to avoid
wash sales in certain circumstances. To the extent that one or more Accounts are managed as related for tax purposes,
GSAM may limit or reduce trading across those Accounts in order to avoid wash sales which may result in less loss
harvesting for the Accounts. The rules apply to both long and short positions. GSAM is not responsible for identifying
wash sales across a client’s portfolio.
Constructive Sales—Under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, a client may be treated as recognizing
a gain (but not a loss) if they hold a position that economically offsets an appreciated position (e.g., a long position in a
TACS account and an offsetting short position in a different account).
Qualified Dividends—To receive preferential tax rates on dividends, a stock must be held for more than 60 days during
a specific 121-day window. Clients who hold a short position in the same or similar stock directly or in a related account
during this period can cause the dividend to fail to be qualified, causing it to be taxed at higher ordinary income rates.
Additional Risks Related to the TACS Strategy with Index Call Writing Account—The TACS Strategy with Index Call
Writing is a tax-advantaged equity buy-write strategy that aims to provide broad diversified exposure to US large cap
equities with systematic index call writing, while also generating tax deferral benefits through tax loss harvesting. The
TACS Strategy with Index Call Writing may create a straddle if the underlier of the call option(s) held in the Account is
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substantially similar to equity positions across the client’s investment portfolio, as those equity positions generally
could reduce the risk of loss on the call option(s). In addition to the risks described above, the TACS Strategy with Index
Call Writing is subject to certain other risks including use of options and margin, as further described below.
Risks of Writing Index Call Options—When a TACS Strategy with Index Call Writing Account writes (sells) index or
related ETF call options it foregoes the opportunity to benefit from an increase in the value of the relevant index
above the exercise price (plus the premium received) of the option, but the TACS Account continues to bear the
risk of a decline in the value of the relevant index. As the seller of the index call options, the TACS Account
receives cash (the “premium”) from the purchaser, which may not fully protect the TACS Account against
declines in the value of the market.
Margin Risk—The TACS Strategy with Index Call Writing will require that clients open a margin account. If a client
is required to post margin, and the securities in a margin account decline in value, the client’s broker dealer will
be required to take action, such as issue a margin call and/or sell securities or other assets in the client’s
accounts, in order to maintain the necessary margin in the account. The client’s broker dealer can force the sale
of securities or other assets in the client’s account in its own discretion and without regard to the performance
or tax implications of such a sale.
Additional Risks Related to the TACS Active Extension Strategy—The TACS Active Extension strategy is a tax aware
strategy that utilizes both short sales and margin loans in an effort to deliver outperformance relative to the market
while seeking to provide additional tax management opportunities relative to other tax aware strategies. In addition to
the risks described above, the TACS Active Extension Strategy is subject to certain other risks including short sale risk
and tax risk. See also “Leverage Risk” above.
Short Sale Risks—The TACS Active Extension Strategy will require that a broker dealer execute a short sale of
securities chosen by GSAM. If a client fails to deliver any securities sold in a long sale, the broker dealer (which
could be an affiliate of GSAM) will be authorized to borrow the necessary securities to enable the broker dealer to
make delivery. Clients are responsible for all costs, including borrowing fees and payments, while facing risks
related to leverage, counterparty insolvency and the potential for lenders to terminate loans unexpectedly.
Tax Risk—It is possible that the IRS could challenge the tax benefits associated with the TACS Active Extension
Strategy, in which case adverse tax consequences along with interest and penalties could apply. Clients should
consult their tax advisor.
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information
On November 22, 2022, GSAMLP entered into a settlement with the SEC regarding GSAMLP’s policies and procedures with
respect to environmental, social and governance investments. The SEC found that GSAMLP did not adopt written policies
and procedures governing the evaluation of ESG factors until sometime after two ESG mutual funds were introduced and a
socially-responsible separate account strategy was rebranded as ESG, and that, once such policies and procedures were
adopted, they were not consistently followed prior to February 2020. GSAMLP was censured and ordered to cease and
desist from violating Section 206(4) of the Advisers Act and Rule 206(4)-7 promulgated thereunder. GSAMLP agreed to pay
a penalty of $4 million.
In the ordinary course of their business, the Registrants and their management persons, as well as Goldman Sachs, Advisory
Accounts, and/or other Goldman Sachs personnel, have in the past been, and may in the future be, subject to periodic
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audits, examinations, claims, litigation, formal and informal regulatory or other inquiries, requests for information,
subpoenas, employment-related matters, disputes, investigations, and other civil, legal or regulatory proceedings involving
the SEC, other regulatory authorities, or private parties. Such actions, investigations, litigation and claims have the
potential to result in findings, conclusions, settlements, charges or various forms of sanctions against the Registrants or
their management persons, as well as Goldman Sachs and other Goldman Sachs personnel, including fines, suspensions of
personnel, changes in policies, procedures or disclosure or other sanctions and may increase the exposure of the Advisory
Accounts, GSAM and Goldman Sachs to potential liabilities and to legal, compliance and other related costs. Such actions or
proceedings may involve claims of strict liability or similar risks against Advisory Accounts in certain jurisdictions or in
connection with certain types of activities.
Information about the Registrants’ investment management affiliates is contained in Part 1 of each Registrant’s Form ADV.
For information relating to other Goldman Sachs affiliates, please visit www.gs.com and refer to the public filings of The
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
BROKER-DEALER REGISTRATION
GS&Co. is a registered broker-dealer. Certain of GSAM’s management persons are registered representatives of GS&Co.
and act in such capacities if necessary or appropriate to perform their responsibilities.
COMMODITY POOL OPERATOR, COMMODITY TRADING ADVISOR, FUTURES COMMISSION MERCHANT REGISTRATION
Each of GSAMLP, GS&Co. and GSAMI is registered with the CFTC as a commodity pool operator (“CPO”) and a commodity
trading advisor (“CTA”), and GSAMS is registered with the CFTC as a CTA. GS&Co. is also registered with the CFTC as a
futures commission merchant. Each of GSAMLP, GSAMI and GSAMS is a registered swap firm with the National Futures
Association. In addition, certain of GSAM’s management persons are registered as associated persons and swap associated
persons, and act in such capacities to the extent necessary or appropriate to perform their responsibilities.
OTHER MATERIAL RELATIONSHIPS WITH AFFILIATED ENTITIES
In certain cases, GSAM uses, suggests and recommends its own services and those of affiliated Goldman Sachs entities and
business units. Fees paid in connection with such services, while believed to be customary compensation for relevant
activities, is not always negotiated and, from time to time, could be more or less than what a comparable third party might
charge. GSAM manages Advisory Accounts on behalf of certain affiliated Goldman Sachs entities, which creates potential
conflicts of interest related to GSAM’s determination to use, suggest or recommend the services of such entities or business
units. The particular services involved depends on the types of services offered by the affiliate or business unit. The
arrangements may involve sharing or joint compensation, or separate compensation, subject to the requirements of
applicable law. GSAM shares resources with or delegates certain of its trading, advisory and other activities for Advisory
Accounts to other businesses within Goldman Sachs and/or to GSAM’s affiliates and portfolio management functions may
be shared or moved between affiliated advisers. Particular relationships include, but are not limited to, those discussed
below. Goldman Sachs’ affiliates will retain any compensation when providing investment services to, or in connection with
investment activities of, Advisory Accounts, subject to applicable law. Compensation may take the form of referral
payments, commissions, markups, markdowns, service fees or other commission equivalents. Advisory Accounts are not
entitled to any such compensation retained by Goldman Sachs’ affiliates.
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Broker-Dealer; Derivatives Dealer
Subject to applicable law and client consent, in some circumstances GSAM uses, or suggests or recommends that advisory
clients use, the securities, futures execution, clearing, custody or other services offered by GSAM’s broker-dealer and other
affiliates. These affiliates include (but are not limited to) GS&Co., Goldman Sachs International (“GSI”), Goldman Sachs
(Asia) Securities Limited, Goldman Sachs Japan Co., Ltd., and Goldman Sachs Saudi Arabia. Clients pay for broker-dealer or
other services performed by GSAM’s affiliates in addition to the advisory fee paid to GSAM.
For accounts offered through PWM but managed by GSAM, transactions are executed according to GSAM’s policies and
procedures regarding execution of trades. In addition, the broker-dealer affiliates that provide custodial services may
benefit from the use of free credit balances (i.e., cash) in advisory clients’ accounts, subject to the limitation set forth in SEC
Rule 15c3-3 under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”). Free credit balances are payable
to clients on demand. If negative interest rates apply, clients will be charged a fee in connection with such free credit
balances.
GSAM receives record keeping, administrative and support services from its broker-dealer affiliates. GSAM also obtains
research ideas, analyses, reports and other services (including distribution services) from broker-dealer affiliates. As
described in Item 12, Brokerage Practices, GSAM pays affiliates for brokerage and research services that assist GSAM in the
investment decision-making process with “soft” or commission dollars in certain circumstances. As permitted by applicable
law, GSAM may receive these services in lieu of the affiliates reducing the commissions or fees they charge an Advisory
Account, and these services may or may not be used to benefit the Advisory Account.
Subject to client consent to the extent required by applicable law, in certain circumstances GSAM enters into principal
transactions, including over-the-counter derivatives transactions, for clients with its affiliates, including GS&Co., GSI and
other affiliates of GSAM. GSAM’s affiliates will earn mark-ups, mark-downs, spreads, financing fees and other charges that
may be embedded in the cost of the derivative. Clients will pay these charges in addition to the advisory fee paid to GSAM.
GSAM and its affiliates will likely share all or a portion of their charges and fees with each other and with their affiliates and
employees, including, in the case of PWM clients, with the client’s Private Wealth Advisor, which could create an incentive
to make execution decisions based on their interest in receiving a share of such charges and fees. For additional information
about principal trading, please see Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Accounts—Firm Policies, Regulatory Restrictions, and Certain Other Factors
Affecting Advisory Accounts.
In addition, Goldman Sachs has ownership interests in trading networks, securities or derivatives indices, trading tools and
settlement systems.
In addition, Goldman Sachs holds ownership interests in, and Goldman Sachs personnel sit on the boards of directors of,
centralized exchanges and trading platforms, electronic communication networks, alternative trading systems and other
similar execution or trading systems or venues (collectively, “ECNs/Trading Venues”). Goldman Sachs may be deemed to
control one or more of such ECNs/Trading Venues based on its levels of ownership and its representation on the board of
directors of such ECNs/Trading Venues. As of the date hereof, Goldman Sachs held ownership interests in the following
ECNs/Trading Venues: (i) Members Exchange (MEMX), (ii) Members Exchange Options (MEMX Options), (iii) PureStream,
(iv) GS Sigma X2, and (v) Marquee (GSCO). Goldman Sachs may acquire ownership interests in other ECNs/Trading Venues
(or increase ownership in the ECNs/Trading Venues listed above) in the future. Information regarding the ECNs/Trading
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Venues in which Goldman Sachs has an ownership interest, as well as the ECNs/Trading Venues used by GSAM, is updated
from time to time and is available at https://www.goldmansachs.com/disclosures/ecns-disclosure.html.
Consistent with its duty to seek best execution for the Advisory Accounts, GSAM, from time to time, directly or indirectly
through a broker-dealer, effects trades for Advisory Accounts through such ECNs/Trading Venues. In such cases, Goldman
Sachs receives an indirect economic benefit based upon its ownership interests in ECNs/Trading Venues. In addition,
Goldman Sachs receives fees, cash credits, rebates, discounts or other benefits from ECNs/Trading Venues to which it, as
broker, routes order flow based on the aggregate trading volume generated by Goldman Sachs (including volume not
associated with client orders) and the type of order flow routed and certain ECNs/Trading Venues, such as many exchanges,
provide rebates or charge fees based on whether routed orders contribute to, or extract liquidity from, the ECN/Trading
Venue. Discounts or rebates received by Goldman Sachs from an ECN/Trading Venue during any time period could differ
and could exceed the fees paid by Goldman Sachs to the ECN/Trading Venue during that time period. The amount of such
discounts or rebates varies. Further, the U.S. listed options exchanges sponsor marketing fee programs through which
registered market-makers receive payments from the exchanges based upon their market making status and/or as a result
of their designation as a “preferenced” market maker by an exchange member with respect to certain options orders.
GS&Co. may receive payments from “preferenced” registered market makers related to these exchange-sponsored
marketing fee programs. The amount of such payments varies. GSAM will effect trades for an Advisory Account through
such ECNs/Trading Venues only if GSAM (or the broker-dealer through which GSAM is accessing the ECN/Trading Venue)
reasonably believes that such trades are in the best interest of the Advisory Account and that the requirements of
applicable law have been satisfied. As discussed in further detail in Item 12, Brokerage Practices, GSAM executes
transactions with Goldman Sachs or unaffiliated broker-dealers in accordance with its best execution policies and
procedures.
In the event assets of an Advisory Account are treated as “plan assets” subject to the U.S. Employee Retirement Income
Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), the use of ECNs/Trading Venues to execute trades on behalf of such Advisory Account may,
absent an exemption, be treated as a prohibited transaction under ERISA. However, GSAM effects trades through
ECNs/Trading Venues provided that such trades are executed in accordance with the exemption under Section 408(b)(16)
of ERISA. In addition, GSAM is required to obtain authorization from any Advisory Account whose assets are treated as
“plan assets” in order to execute transactions on behalf of such Advisory Account using an ECN/Trading Venue in which
Goldman Sachs has an ownership interest. Furthermore, there may be limitations or restrictions placed on the use of
ECNs/Trading Venues (including, without limitation, for purposes of complying with law and otherwise).
Through GSAM’s trading on or membership to various trading platforms or venues, or interactions with certain service
providers (including depositaries and messaging platforms), GSAM and its affiliates, in certain cases, receive interests,
shares, or other economic benefits from such service providers.
Investment Companies and Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
GSAM and certain of its affiliates act in an advisory or sub-advisory capacity with respect to separately managed accounts
and private investment funds and in other capacities, including as trustee, managing member, adviser, administrator and/or
distributor, to a variety of U.S. and non-U.S. investment companies (including separate accounts underlying variable life
insurance policies and variable annuity contracts that are structured as registered investment companies) as well as other
pooled investment vehicles including collective trusts, exchange-traded funds, closed-end funds, business development
companies and private investment funds. Such advisory, sub-advisory, or other relationships may be with affiliated entities
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or with institutions that are not part of Goldman Sachs. Certain GSAM Personnel are also directors, trustees and/or officers
of these investment companies and other pooled investment vehicles. GSAM and its affiliates, in their capacities as advisers
or sub-advisers to these entities, will receive management or advisory fees. Although such fees are generally paid by the
entities, the costs are ultimately borne by their investors. These fees will be in addition to any advisory fees or other fees
agreed between the investors in their capacities as clients and GSAM and its affiliates for investment advisory, brokerage or
other services.
Business Development Companies and Registered Investment Companies
As further described above in Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management—Co-Investment
Opportunities—Co-Investments by Certain Advisory Accounts, GSAM has formed, and expects to form, one or more
additional GS RICs that co-invest with other Advisory Accounts. The relationship between the GS RICs and other Advisory
Accounts creates certain conflicts of interest. For example, the GS RICs will invest alongside certain Advisory Accounts in
certain investments, which will reduce the portion of each investment that would otherwise have been allocated to such
Advisory Accounts. In addition, the GS RICs are subject to certain regulatory and other considerations that constrain their
operations. In turn, this could have an impact on Advisory Accounts that co-invest alongside the GS RICs, including with
respect to the structuring, terms, consummation and disposition of Advisory Account investments. Furthermore, co-
investments alongside GS RICs will be subject to relevant provisions of the Investment Company Act. GSAM has obtained
exemptive relief from certain of these provisions via an exemptive order that permits certain GS RICs to engage in certain
types of co-investments with affiliates, including certain Advisory Accounts. On May 21, 2025, the SEC granted an
exemptive order to GSAMLP, the GS RICs advised by GSAMLP and certain other affiliated applicants, which superseded the
prior co-investment exemptive relief received on November 16, 2022, as amended on June 25, 2024.
Other Investment Advisers
The Registrants have investment advisory affiliates in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, China, England, Germany, Hong Kong, India,
Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, The Netherlands, and the United States.
These affiliates include: Goldman Sachs Asset Management Australia Pty Ltd., Goldman Sachs Asset Management Brasil
Ltda., GS Investment Strategies Canada Inc., Goldman Sachs Asset Management (India) Private Limited, Goldman Sachs
Services Private Limited, Goldman Sachs (India) Securities Private Limited, Goldman Sachs (Asia) L.L.C., Goldman Sachs
(Russia), Goldman Sachs Do Brasil Banco Multiplo S/A, Goldman Sachs Saudi Arabia, Goldman Sachs (Singapore) Pte.,
GS&Co., Goldman Sachs Wealth Services, L.P. (“Goldman Sachs Wealth Services”), GSI, Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Fund Services Limited, Goldman Sachs Japan Co., Ltd., Goldman Sachs Global Services II Limited, Goldman Sachs Bank USA,
Beijing Goldman Sachs Consulting Co., Ltd., Goldman Sachs Paris Inc. Et Cie, Goldman Sachs Services (Hong Kong) Limited,
Goldman Sachs Bank Europe (GSBE), Goldman Sachs Bank Zurich (GSBZ), Goldman Sachs Australia Pty Ltd, GS Realty
Management EUR GmbH, Goldman Sachs Saudi Arabia-Riyadh, Goldman Sachs Asset Management B.V., Goldman Sachs
Asset Management Belgium S.A., and Goldman Sachs Towarzystwo Funduszy Inwestycyjnych S.A.
Among the Registrants’ investment advisory affiliates, GS&Co. and Goldman Sachs Wealth Services and are registered with
the SEC as investment advisers. Goldman Sachs do Brasil Banco Multiplo S.A., Goldman Sachs Asset Management (India)
Private Limited, Goldman Sachs Services Private Limited, GS Investment Strategies Canada Inc., Goldman Sachs (Asia) L.L.C.,
Goldman Sachs (India) Securities Private Limited, Goldman Sachs Japan Co., Ltd., Beijing Goldman Sachs Consulting Co., Ltd.,
Goldman Sachs Australia Services Pty Ltd, Goldman Sachs Saudi Arabia-Riyadh, and Goldman Sachs Asset Management B.V.
are not registered with the SEC as investment advisers but are non-U.S. affiliated advisers that in certain cases provide
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advice or research to the Registrants for use with the Registrants’ U.S. clients (in such capacity, “Participating Affiliates”).
From time to time, GSAM could enter into new participating affiliate relationships, or terminate existing participating
affiliate relationships. The Participating Affiliates act according to a series of SEC no-action relief letters mandating that
Participating Affiliates remain subject to the regulatory supervision of both the Registrants and the SEC. The Registrants
have or intend to have co-advisory or sub-advisory relationships with affiliates, and/or participating affiliate relationships
with certain of these Participating Affiliates.
The Registrants, in their discretion, in certain circumstances delegate all or a portion of their advisory or other functions
(including placing trades on behalf of Advisory Accounts) to certain affiliates that are registered with the SEC as investment
advisers or to certain Participating Affiliates or to any of their non-U.S. affiliated advisers. GSAM may also move or share
portfolio management between affiliated advisers. This might include the movement of portfolio managers from GSAM to
an affiliated adviser or the transfer of management of the portfolio to a management team within an affiliated adviser.
Clients will be notified of any such movements or transfers of portfolio management in advance. To the extent the
Registrants delegate advisory or other functions to affiliates that are registered with the SEC as investment advisers, a copy
of the brochure of each such affiliate is available on the SEC’s website (www.adviserinfo.sec.gov) and will be provided to
clients or prospective clients upon request. Certain services are performed for affiliates by employees of the Registrants
who are also employees of such affiliates or through delegation or other arrangements. Clients that want more information
about any of these affiliates should contact the applicable Registrant.
In addition, the Registrants participate in sub-advisory, co-advisory or other joint projects related to pooled investment
vehicles with institutions that are not a part of Goldman Sachs.
Financial Planner
GSAM’s affiliate, Goldman Sachs Wealth Services, provides financial planning services, investment management, financial
education and other services to publicly traded companies and privately held firms and their respective executives and
employees, high net worth individuals, and affinity and membership organizations or community-based and charitable
organizations and their respective members and participants. Goldman Sachs Wealth Services’ personnel recommend
GSAM’s investment advisory services to its clients and receive fees from GSAM in certain circumstances.
Futures Commission Merchant, Commodity Pool Operator, Commodity Trading Adviser
Certain Registrants and affiliates are registered with the CFTC as a futures commission merchant, CPO, CTA and/or swap
dealer. These firms include: GS&Co., GSAMLP, GSAMI, and GSAMS. If permitted by law and applicable regulations, GSAM
buys, sells, and/or clears futures and swaps on behalf of certain clients through its CFTC-registered affiliates and these
affiliates receive commissions in connection with such transactions. GSAM also utilizes the services of these affiliates in
connection with foreign exchange transactions for certain Advisory Accounts.
Bank or Thrift Institution
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is a financial holding company and a bank holding company registered with the Board of
Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”) under the BHCA. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is
subject to supervision and regulation by the Federal Reserve.
GSAM also has relationships with The Goldman Sachs Trust Company, N.A., a national bank limited to fiduciary activities
(“GSTC”) and The Goldman Sachs Trust Company of Delaware (“GSTD”), a Delaware limited purpose trust company. GSTC
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and GSTD provide personal trust and estate administration and related services to certain of GS&Co.’s clients. GSAM and its
affiliates provide a variety of services to GSTC and GSTD, including investment advisory, sub-advisory, brokerage,
distribution, marketing, operational, infrastructure, financial, auditing, and administrative services. GSAM and its affiliates
receive fees from GSTC and GSTD according to the fee schedules agreed between the parties in arm’s length service
agreements. GSTC also maintains collective investment funds for eligible pension and profit sharing clients. GSTC has
appointed GSAM as investment adviser for the collective investment funds, subject to the supervision and control of GSTC.
Certain personnel of GSAM and GSAM’s affiliates have been cross-designated as officers of GSTC.
Sponsor or Syndicator of Limited Partnerships
GSAM and its affiliates establish unregistered privately-placed vehicles and distribute securities issued by such vehicles.
GSAM and its affiliates generally receive fees in connection therewith.
Real Estate Operating Platforms
GSAM Private has established or acquired, and may in the future establish or acquire, one or more Real Estate Operating
Platforms to service Advisory Account real estate assets. Certain of such Real Estate Operating Platforms are, and future Real
Estate Operating Platforms may be, owned by Goldman Sachs and/or certain Advisory Accounts. Certain Real Estate Operating
Platforms will receive payment in the form of a service charge from Advisory Accounts and any Goldman Sachs entities that
own assets being serviced by such Real Estate Operating Platform based on the relative values of the assets of each party being
serviced (and not based on the actual cost of the services being provided), or payment based on market rates or on the basis
of cost plus a margin determined by third-party transfer pricing analysis. For the avoidance of doubt, no payments received
by a Real Estate Operating Platform from an Advisory Account or its subsidiaries will offset the management fee payable by
the Advisory Account to Goldman Sachs.
Broad Street Luxembourg
Broad Street Luxembourg S.à r.l., an entity formed by GSAM Private, provides corporate secretarial services and maintains
the statutory financial accounts of certain Advisory Accounts and Luxembourg-based investment holding entities in which
Goldman Sachs and/or one or more Advisory Accounts have direct or indirect ownership interests. These Advisory
Accounts bear the associated expenses of Broad Street Luxembourg S.à r.l. (which do not offset the management fees
payable by such Advisory Accounts).
Management Persons; Policies and Procedures
Certain of GSAM’s management persons also hold positions with the affiliates listed above. In these positions, those
management persons of GSAM have certain responsibilities with respect to the business of these affiliates and the
compensation of these management persons may be based, in part, upon the profitability of these affiliates. Consequently,
in carrying out their roles at GSAM and these other entities, the management persons of GSAM are subject to the same or
similar potential conflicts of interest that exist between GSAM and these affiliates.
GSAM has established a variety of restrictions, policies, procedures, and disclosures designed to address potential conflicts
that arise between GSAM, its management persons and its affiliates. These policies and procedures include: information
barriers designed to prevent the flow of information between GSAM Public and GSAM Private, personnel of GSAM Public
and GSAM Private, and between GSAM and certain other affiliates; policies and procedures relating to brokerage selection,
trading with affiliates or investing in products managed or sponsored by affiliates; and allocation and trade sequencing
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policies applicable to Accounts. No assurance can be made that any of GSAM’s current policies and procedures, or any
policies and procedures that are established by GSAM in the future, will have their desired effect. Additional information
about these conflicts and the policies and procedures designed to address them is available in Item 11, Code of Ethics,
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading.
Affiliated Indexes
GSAM and its affiliates have in the past, and may in the future, develop, co-develop, own and operate stock market and
other indexes (each, an “Index”) based on investment and trading strategies and concepts developed by GSAM or its
affiliates or co-developed by GSAM or its affiliates and a third party (“GSAM Strategies”). GSAM has entered into, and may
in the future enter into, a revenue sharing arrangement with a third party co-developer of an Index pursuant to which
GSAM receives a portion of the fees generated from licensing the right to use the Index or components thereof to third
parties. Some of the ETFs for which GSAM or its affiliates act as investment adviser (the “GSAM ETFs”) seek to track the
performance of the Indexes. GSAM, from time to time, manages Advisory Accounts that invest in these GSAM ETFs which
may, individually or in the aggregate, own a substantial amount of the GSAM ETFs. Further, GSAM, its affiliates, or another
entity (i.e., a seed investor) may invest in the GSAM ETFs at or near the establishment of such GSAM ETFs, which may
facilitate the GSAM ETFs achieving a specified size or scale. GSAM and/or its affiliates may make payments to an investor
that contributes seed capital to a GSAM ETF. Such payments may continue for a specified period of time and/or until a
specified dollar amount is reached, and will be made from the assets of GSAM and/or such affiliates (and not the applicable
GSAM ETF). Seed investors may contribute all or a majority of the assets in a GSAM ETF. There is a risk that such seed
investors may redeem their investments in the GSAM ETF, particularly after payments from GSAM and/or its affiliates have
ceased. Such redemptions could have a significant negative impact on the GSAM ETF, including on its liquidity and the
market price of its shares.
GSAM manages Advisory Accounts which track the same Indexes used by the GSAM ETFs or which are based on the same,
or substantially similar, GSAM Strategies that are used in the operation of the Indexes and the GSAM ETFs. The operation of
the Indexes, the GSAM ETFs and Advisory Accounts in this manner gives rise to potential conflicts of interest. For example,
Advisory Accounts that track the same Indexes used by the GSAM ETFs may engage in purchases and sales of securities
prior to when the Index and the GSAM ETFs engage in similar transactions because such Advisory Accounts may be
managed and rebalanced on an ongoing basis, whereas the GSAM ETFs’ portfolios are only rebalanced on a periodic basis
corresponding with the rebalancing of the Index. These differences may result in the Advisory Accounts having more
favorable performance relative to that of the Index and the GSAM ETFs or other Advisory Accounts that track the Index.
Other potential risks and conflicts include the potential for unauthorized access to Index information, allowing Index
changes that benefit GSAM or other Advisory Accounts and not the investors in the GSAM ETFs, and the manipulation of
Index pricing to present the performance of GSAM ETFs, or tracking ability, in a preferential light.
GSAM has adopted policies and procedures that are designed to address potential conflicts that arise in connection with
GSAM’s operation of the Indexes, the GSAM ETFs and the Advisory Accounts. GSAM has established certain information
barriers and other policies to address the sharing of information between different businesses within GSAM, including with
respect to personnel responsible for maintaining the Indexes and those involved in decision-making for the ETFs. In
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addition, as described in Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading, GSAM
has adopted a code of ethics.
To the extent it is intended that an Advisory Account track an Index, the Advisory Account may not match, and may vary
substantially from, the Index for any period of time. An Advisory Account that tracks an Index may purchase, hold and sell
securities at times when a non-Index fund would not do so. GSAM does not guarantee that any tracking error targets will be
achieved. Advisory Accounts tracking an Index may be negatively impacted by any errors in the Index, either as a result of
calculation errors, inaccurate data sources or otherwise. GSAM does not guarantee the availability, timeliness, accuracy
and/or completeness of an Index and GSAM is not responsible for errors, omissions or interruptions in the Index (including
when GSAM or an affiliate acts as the Index provider) or the calculation thereof (including when GSAM or an affiliate acts as
the calculation agent).
GSAM publishes index constituent data reflecting a hypothetical indication of the weighting and holdings of the Indexes on
a daily basis. Given that such information, if published, is only a hypothetical indication of what the weightings and
constituents would be if each Index were rebalanced on a daily basis, the hypothetical indications may differ substantially
from the constituents at the next actual rebalance of the Index.
Growth Through Acquisitions
GSAM intends to grow organically, as well as inorganically, through acquisitions. In the future, GSAM may acquire advisers
and/or their business lines that may further expand the depth and breadth of its advisory business.
CONFLICTS RELATING TO RELATIONSHIPS WITH UNAFFILIATED ADVISERS
GSAM allocates certain Advisory Account assets to, or recommends, one or more Unaffiliated Advisers, directly or
indirectly, through, among other means, discretionary managed accounts (including Wrap Program Advisory Accounts) or
Underlying Funds. The interests and business relationships of Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) and its personnel create
potential conflicts in the selection or recommendation of Unaffiliated Advisers for, or the determination to increase
allocations of assets to or withdraw assets from Unaffiliated Advisers on behalf of, Advisory Accounts.
Conflicts with respect to such determinations arise because Goldman Sachs derives benefits from certain decisions made in
respect of Unaffiliated Advisers. It is expected that Goldman Sachs will receive various forms of compensation, fees,
commissions, payments, rebates, remuneration, services or other benefits (including benefits relating to investment and
business relationships of Goldman Sachs) from Unaffiliated Advisers to which Advisory Accounts allocate assets, including
for providing a variety of products and services (such as prime brokerage and research services) to such Unaffiliated
Advisers. GSAM is incentivized to allocate assets to, and refrain from withdrawing assets from, Unaffiliated Advisers that
are themselves (or whose principals or employees are) Advisory Account clients or in respect of which GSAM receives fees
or other compensation. GSAM is also incentivized to allocate assets to, and refrain from withdrawing assets from,
Unaffiliated Advisers for whom Goldman Sachs acts as prime broker or futures commission merchant, or to whom Goldman
Sachs provides brokerage, custody or other services and research because of such relationships, including because
payments to Goldman Sachs in respect of such activities and services will generally increase as the size of the assets that
the Unaffiliated Adviser manages increases. Goldman Sachs may also benefit as a result of ownership or other interests of
Goldman Sachs or Advisory Accounts in Unaffiliated Advisers or their businesses.
Subject to applicable law, the amount of compensation, fees, commissions, payments, rebates, remuneration, services or
other benefits to Goldman Sachs, or the value of Goldman Sachs’ interests in the Unaffiliated Advisers or their businesses,
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varies by Unaffiliated Adviser and will generally be greater if GSAM selects such Unaffiliated Advisers than they would be if
GSAM selects other Advisers that might also be appropriate for the Advisory Accounts, as further described below.
In addition, as a major participant in global financial markets providing a wide range of financial services, Goldman Sachs
provides various services or has business dealings, arrangements or agreements with affiliates and portfolio companies of
Unaffiliated Advisers. GSAM will face potential conflicts in making determinations as to whether one or more Advisory
Accounts should invest or withdraw funds from Unaffiliated Advisers (or Underlying Funds they manage or advise) with
which GSAM or Goldman Sachs has such relationships, and whether GSAM should remove a particular Unaffiliated Adviser
from GSAM’s approved list of Unaffiliated Advisers. In certain cases, Goldman Sachs, Advisory Accounts or other Accounts
have equity, profits or other interests in Unaffiliated Advisers or have entered into arrangements with such Unaffiliated
Advisers in which such Unaffiliated Advisers would share with Goldman Sachs, an Advisory Account or other Account a
material portion of its fees or allocations. Such revenue sharing arrangements exist in situations that include, without
limitation, where Unaffiliated Advisers earn fees as a result of the allocation of Advisory Account assets to such Unaffiliated
Advisers or where such Unaffiliated Advisers manage an External Product that invests in Affiliated Products. Payments to
Goldman Sachs (either directly from such Unaffiliated Advisers (or Underlying Funds they manage or advise) or in the form
of fees or allocations payable by Advisory Accounts or other Accounts) will generally increase as the amount of assets that
such Unaffiliated Advisers manage increases. Therefore, investment by Advisory Accounts with such Unaffiliated Advisers
(or Underlying Funds they manage or advise) where Goldman Sachs, Advisory Accounts or other Accounts have a fee and/or
profit sharing arrangement or other interest in the equity or profits of such Unaffiliated Advisers generally results in
additional revenues to Goldman Sachs and its personnel. The relationship that Goldman Sachs, Advisory Accounts and
other Accounts have with such Unaffiliated Advisers (or their portfolio companies or affiliates) generally also results in
GSAM being incentivized to increase Advisory Accounts’ investments with such Unaffiliated Advisers or to retain their
investments with such Unaffiliated Advisers (or Underlying Funds they manage or advise). Except to the extent required by
applicable law, GSAM will not account to a client for, or offset any compensation received by Goldman Sachs against, fees
and expenses the client otherwise owes Goldman Sachs.
In addition, in certain cases, an Advisory Account, including Advisory Accounts such as Seeding Funds that engage in seeding
transactions relating to the start-up of Unaffiliated Advisers, obtains fees or investment terms with an Unaffiliated Adviser
that benefit Goldman Sachs and other Accounts, which may result in the applicable Advisory Account receiving terms that
are not as favorable to such Advisory Account as those it could have obtained for itself had benefits for Goldman Sachs and
such other Accounts not been obtained. The Advisory Account and Goldman Sachs or such other Accounts may negotiate
fees, investment terms or Profits Interests with an Unaffiliated Adviser on a collective basis and such fees, investment terms
or Profits Interests may not be as favorable to the Advisory Account as those it could have obtained had it negotiated with
the Unaffiliated Adviser by itself. Goldman Sachs or another Account may also negotiate better fees, investment terms,
Profits Interests or other favorable arrangements with an Unaffiliated Adviser and an Advisory Account may not receive the
benefit of such fees, terms, Profits Interests and arrangements.
From time to time, Goldman Sachs (including, without limitation, GSAM) receives notice of, or offers to participate in,
investment opportunities, including with respect to Profits Interests, from Unaffiliated Advisers, their affiliates or other
third parties. Such investment opportunities are offered to Goldman Sachs for various reasons, which include business
relationships with Unaffiliated Advisers or their affiliates or other reasons, including that one or more Advisory Accounts
have made investments with such Unaffiliated Advisers. Such opportunities will generally not be required to be allocated to
such Advisory Accounts unless the opportunities are received pursuant to contractual requirements, such as preemptive
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rights or rights offerings, under the terms of the Advisory Accounts’ investments with such Unaffiliated Advisers.
Investment (or continued investment) by particular Advisory Accounts with such Unaffiliated Advisers may result in
additional investment opportunities for Goldman Sachs or other Accounts. An Advisory Account will not be entitled to
compensation in connection with investments that are not allocated to such Advisory Account (or not fully allocated to such
Advisory Account) and are allocated to Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or other Accounts (including other Advisory
Accounts). For additional information regarding conflicts of interest arising in connection with Profits Interests, see “—
Conflicts Relating to Profits Interests” below.
Certain GSAM-managed funds that allocate assets to an Unaffiliated Adviser’s Underlying Funds or accounts do not pay
compensation to the Unaffiliated Advisers. Instead, the Unaffiliated Advisers are compensated by GSAM out of
compensation GSAM receives from the GSAM-managed funds. In such circumstances, any reduction in the compensation
payable to the Unaffiliated Advisers will inure to the benefit of GSAM, and not to the GSAM-managed funds or their
investors. This fee structure incentivizes GSAM to select Unaffiliated Advisers with lower compensation levels (including
Unaffiliated Advisers that discount their fees based on aggregate account size or other relationships) in order to increase
the net fee to GSAM, and not select other Advisers that might also be appropriate for the Advisory Accounts. Fee
breakpoints in an Advisory Account may also be affected by Goldman Sachs’ business relationships and the size of Accounts
other than the Advisory Account, and may directly or indirectly benefit Goldman Sachs and other Accounts. Advisory
Accounts will not be entitled to any compensation with respect to such benefits received by Goldman Sachs and other
Accounts.
As described above, certain Unaffiliated Advisers discount their fees based on aggregate account size, and permit GSAM to
aggregate the amount of assets allocated to such Unaffiliated Advisers across all Advisory Accounts within the same
strategy (including discretionary managed accounts, Wrap Program Advisory Accounts, and Underlying Funds) in order to
receive discounted fees. In general, this results in a reduction in compensation payable to the Unaffiliated Advisers by
Advisory Accounts. However, actions taken by GSAM on behalf of one or more of such Advisory Accounts could adversely
impact the other Advisory Accounts that invest with the same Unaffiliated Adviser. For example, in the event Goldman
Sachs causes one or more Advisory Accounts to reduce the amount of assets allocated to an Unaffiliated Adviser, the
remaining Advisory Accounts might no longer qualify for discounted fees in which case the compensation payable to such
Unaffiliated Adviser by such remaining Advisory Accounts would increase. On the other hand, causing a new Advisory
Account to invest with an Unaffiliated Adviser could reduce the fees paid by Advisory Accounts that already have an
investment with the Underlying Fund.
To the extent that XIG provides Advisory Accounts with access to Diligence Reports, XIG will face actual and perceived
potential conflicts in preparing Diligence Reports in respect of Underlying Funds and Unaffiliated Advisers in which XIG and
its affiliates have direct or indirect interests or relationships. For example, XIG and its affiliates may have multiple advisory,
transactional and financial and other interests in securities, instruments, companies and other assets that may be managed
by an Unaffiliated Adviser, or may act as counterparty to an Underlying Fund or an Unaffiliated Adviser. Similarly, Goldman
Sachs may provide a variety of products and services to Underlying Funds, Unaffiliated Advisers or their affiliates, and in
such cases Goldman Sachs receives compensation, which may be in various forms, and may receive other benefits, from
one or more Underlying Funds, Unaffiliated Advisers or their affiliates. As described below in “—Conflicts Relating to Profits
Interests,” certain Accounts may hold Profits Interests. In addition, personnel of certain Unaffiliated Advisers may be clients
or former employees of XIG or its affiliates or may provide XIG or its affiliates with notice of, or offers to participate in,
investment opportunities. Any negative information contained in Diligence Reports in respect of Underlying Funds or
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Unaffiliated Advisers in or with which XIG and its affiliates have interests or relationships could adversely impact such
interests and relationships, and any positive information contained in the Diligence Reports in respect of such Underlying
Funds and Unaffiliated Advisers could benefit such interests and relationships. As a result, XIG is incentivized to delay or fail
to provide certain adverse information concerning an Underlying Fund or Unaffiliated Adviser, or to promote certain
Underlying Funds or Unaffiliated Advisers, in Diligence Reports.
Conflicts Relating to Profits Interests
Certain Accounts (including Advisory Accounts) have entered into, or are third-party beneficiaries of, agreements with
certain Unaffiliated Advisers, their Underlying Funds or their affiliates pursuant to which the Accounts hold Profits Interests.
Profits Interests take different forms and are documented in different ways. In certain cases, a Profits Interest entitles an
Account to receive a share of the fees, profits or revenue received by an Unaffiliated Adviser or its affiliate. In some other
cases, the holder of a Profits Interest receives the benefit of reduced management fees and/or incentive compensation in
an Underlying Fund based in part on the aggregate management fees and incentive compensation earned by the
Unaffiliated Adviser from other investors. A Profits Interest generally is received in consideration of either an investment in
the Unaffiliated Adviser or an affiliate thereof or a “seed” investment in an Underlying Fund managed by the applicable
Unaffiliated Adviser.
In each case, the holder of a Profits Interest benefits from fees, allocations or other compensation earned by the
Unaffiliated Advisers or their affiliates with respect to their Underlying Funds. This generally includes any fees, allocations
or other compensation borne by Advisory Accounts to the extent Advisory Accounts invest in such Underlying Funds. These
fees, allocations and other compensation may be significant. Conversely, to the extent that an Advisory Account holds
Profits Interests in an Unaffiliated Adviser, such Advisory Account will receive less of a benefit if another Advisory Account
negotiates a discount on any fees, allocations or other compensation paid to such Unaffiliated Adviser or its affiliates
and/or its Underlying Funds.
Advisory Accounts have in the past invested, and are expected in the future to invest, in Underlying Funds where certain
Accounts have Profits Interests, which gives rise to certain conflicts of interest as described below.
Conflicts Associated with the Decision for an Advisory Account to Invest in an Underlying Fund Where Another
Account has a Profits Interest
Where an Account has a Profits Interest, the Account will generally receive greater compensation as the assets managed by
the Unaffiliated Adviser increase. For example, an investment by one or more Advisory Accounts in an Underlying Fund
where a different Account has a Profits Interest generally will result in additional fees and other compensation payable to
the Unaffiliated Adviser of that Underlying Fund. This typically results in Goldman Sachs, through its incentive
compensation in the other Account, also receiving additional compensation.
Accordingly, Goldman Sachs has an incentive to cause Advisory Accounts to invest in Underlying Funds where an Account
has a Profits Interest in the relevant Unaffiliated Adviser. This incentive is more acute if one or more Advisory Accounts are
making a significant investment in the Underlying Funds or an Account has a particularly significant Profits Interest in the
Unaffiliated Adviser. This conflict is exacerbated in cases where Goldman Sachs receives greater fees and other
compensation in respect of the Account which holds the Profits Interest, as compared to the Advisory Account considering
an investment in an Underlying Fund that is subject to the Profits Interest. For example, in most cases Goldman Sachs is
entitled to performance-based compensation as well as a management fee in respect of the Accounts that hold Profits
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Interests, but in many cases Goldman Sachs is only entitled to a management fee in respect of an Advisory Account
considering a primary investment in an Underlying Fund.
In most cases where the foregoing conflict applies, the Advisory Account making an investment in an Underlying Fund will
not have the same investment committee as the Account that holds the Profits Interest with respect to the Underlying
Fund. In select cases, however, Accounts that principally focus on primary investments and/or secondary investments have
acquired (or may in the future acquire) Profits Interests, typically as a result of an investment alongside an Account whose
principal focus is acquiring Profits Interests. As a result, in some cases an Advisory Account considering an investment in an
Underlying Fund will have the same investment committee as an Account with a Profits Interest in that Underlying Fund,
further exacerbating this conflict.
Conflicts Relating to Exercise of Voting and/or Consent Where an Account Holds a Profits Interest
An Account holding a Profits Interest generally has limited consent rights (or other governance-related rights) in respect of
an Unaffiliated Adviser’s business. In some cases, the exercise of such a right (or failure to exercise such a right) may impact
Underlying Funds managed by such Unaffiliated Adviser. In turn, Advisory Accounts invested in the Underlying Funds may
be adversely affected.
Alternatively, where an Advisory Account is asked to vote on or consent to a matter with respect to an Underlying Fund in
which it is invested, Goldman Sachs will have a conflict of interest if a different Account holds a Profits Interest in the
applicable Unaffiliated Adviser. For example, an Advisory Account could have the right to vote on (or grant a consent
regarding) amending the governing documents of an Underlying Fund, extending a fundraising or investment period,
changing the economic terms of an Underlying Fund (including “resetting” economics), approving a conflict of interest or
approving replacement key persons under a key-person provision. In each case, Goldman Sachs has an incentive to cause
the Advisory Account to approve the vote or consent being sought by the Underlying Fund because such approval generally
would provide a benefit to the Account holding the Profits Interest.
Conflicts relating to these votes and consents are exacerbated by differences in the fees and other compensation Goldman
Sachs receives from the different Accounts or where the Account with the interest in the Underlying Fund has the same
investment committee as the Account with the Profits Interest. For further information on these exacerbating factors see
“—Conflicts Associated with the Decision for an Advisory Account to Invest in an Underlying Fund where Another Account
has a Profits Interest” above.
Conflicts Relating to Acquiring a Profits Interest
Where an Advisory Account holds a Profits Interest, it will have a conflict of interest with other Accounts which may invest
in the Underlying Funds to which the Profits Interest relates. These conflicts are similar to the conflicts described above
regarding situations in which one or more Advisory Accounts invest in an Underlying Fund and another Account has a
Profits Interest with respect to that Underlying Fund. See “—Conflicts Associated with the Decision for an Advisory Account
to Invest in an Underlying Fund where Another Account has a Profits Interest” above.
For example, a Profits Interest held by an Advisory Account will typically increase in value as the relevant Unaffiliated
Adviser’s assets under management increase. Accordingly, the value of the Profits Interest would increase if other
Accounts invest with the Unaffiliated Adviser. See “—Conflicts Associated with the Decision for an Advisory Account to
Invest in an Underlying Fund where Another Account has a Profits Interest” above.
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In addition, due to regulatory considerations (including ERISA) and/or to mitigate certain conflicts of interest, an Advisory
Account’s Profits Interest in an Unaffiliated Adviser may exclude management fees and performance-based compensation
associated with investments by other Accounts in the Underlying Funds of the Unaffiliated Advisers. Furthermore, in order
to mitigate certain conflicts, for a certain period of time following the acquisition of a Profits Interest in an Unaffiliated
Adviser by an Advisory Account, other Accounts may be restricted from investing in Underlying Funds managed by the
Unaffiliated Adviser. Such restriction may adversely affect the Unaffiliated Adviser, including, without limitation, by limiting
its assets under management, and, in turn, may have an adverse effect on the returns of the Advisory Account that holds
the Profits Interest.
Advisory Accounts holding a Profits Interest may also have consent or other governance rights regarding an Unaffiliated
Adviser. If another Account is invested in an Underlying Fund of the Unaffiliated Adviser, then the other Account may be
adversely affected by the Advisory Account’s exercise of (or failure to exercise) any such consent or other governance right.
Further, one or more Accounts that are invested in an Underlying Fund may be asked to vote on or consent to a matter in
respect of an Underlying Fund while an Advisory Account holds a Profits Interest in the relevant Unaffiliated Adviser (but
not an interest in the Underlying Fund). Approval of such a matter may benefit the Advisory Account. See “—Conflicts
Relating to Exercise of Voting and/or Consent where an Account Holds a Profits Interest” above. Notwithstanding that
potential benefit, in such circumstance it is the policy of Goldman Sachs to consider only the interests of the Accounts
participating in the vote and not the interests of the Advisory Account holding the Profits Interest.
In each of the foregoing cases, the conflicts discussed above are further exacerbated because an Advisory Account with a
Profits Interest in an Underlying Fund may have the same investment committee as another Account considering or holding
an interest in an Underlying Fund.
CONFLICTS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO XIG
As described above in Item 8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss—External Investing Group,
Accounts managed by XIG utilize a variety of strategies. These strategies currently include, but are not limited to, investing
in (i) primary investments, (ii) co-investments alongside third-party managers in pre-identified investments and related
investment activities, (iii) secondary investments and related investment activities, (iv) minority stakes in Third-Party
Management Companies and related investment activities, and (v) seed investments in new, “start-up” or similar
Unaffiliated Advisers that have limited or no independent track records and related investment activities. XIG also provides
portfolio advisory and monitoring services to certain clients. In some cases, different Accounts managed by XIG invest in a
single Underlying Fund in multiple ways (e.g., a primary investment by one Account in a fund and then a secondary
investment by another Account in the same fund or a related vehicle). Conflicts of interest specific to these strategies are
described below. In addition, with respect to certain investments, one Account managed by XIG may have a Profits Interest
with respect to an Adviser and another Account managed by XIG may make an investment in an Underlying Fund managed
by that Adviser. For information regarding conflicts of interest arising in connection with such situations and Profits
Interests generally, see “—Conflicts Relating to Profits Interests” above. Additional conflicts of interest applicable to XIG
are set forth in Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading.
Conflicts Relating to Secondary Transactions
Secondary investments include, among other investment activities, purchasing existing private fund interests from selling
investors and transactions in which liquidity is provided to existing investors in a private fund through bespoke structures
such as continuation fund investments, preferred equity transactions, investments in connection with an Underlying Fund
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restructuring, or “stapled” transactions whereby interests are acquired from an existing Underlying Fund at the same time
that a new commitment to an Underlying Fund managed by the same Adviser is made.
In some cases, Advisory Accounts will invest in secondary investments involving Underlying Funds in which other Accounts
have invested. For example, one or more Accounts could be the lead investors or otherwise participate on the acquiring
side of a secondary transaction while one or more other Advisory Accounts are invested in an Underlying Fund that is the
target of or the seller in the transaction.
An investment by one Account (the “New Investment Account”) in a secondary investment involving an Underlying Fund in
which another Account has invested (the “Existing Investment Account”) generally will present certain conflicts of interest
between such Accounts because the actions of one Account can adversely affect the other Account. For example, terms
that benefit the New Investment Account (such as a lower valuation of the Existing Investment Account’s indirect holdings,
and therefore a lower purchase price) may disadvantage the Existing Investment Account (and vice versa). Depending on
the terms of a secondary investment, the Existing Investment Account may also be able to vote on the proposed
transaction, decide whether to participate in the transaction, elect whether or not to reinvest or otherwise continue such
Account’s investment into a continuation fund and/or make other determinations. Those determinations in some
transactions affect the New Investment Account by impacting whether or on what terms a transaction is consummated.
For example, if the Existing Investment Account elects to reinvest or otherwise continue its investment, there would
typically be less capacity available to the New Investment Account. This conflict is exacerbated where the Existing
Investment Account has a significant investment in the Underlying Fund, and therefore greater voting power over the
proposed transaction.
In cases where such a conflict arises, Goldman Sachs generally will seek to make decisions on behalf of an Advisory Account
based only on the interests of that Advisory Account, regardless of whether the Advisory Account is the New Investment
Account or the Existing Investment Account. For example, when representing a New Investment Account in a bid,
negotiation or other matter in connection with a secondary investment, Goldman Sachs generally will consider only the
interests of the New Investment Account and not the interests of any Existing Accounts. On the other hand, when making
voting and election decisions on behalf of an Existing Investment Account, Goldman Sachs will generally only consider the
interests of the Existing Investment Account and not the interests of any New Investment Account.
The foregoing conflict is exacerbated in transactions where the Existing Investment Account and the New Investment
Account have the same investment committee. For example, this occurs where one Advisory Account has acquired an
investment in an Underlying Fund through a secondary investment and a different Advisory Account with the same
investment committee considers an investment in a continuation fund that will acquire assets of that Underlying Fund.
Conflicts in Connection with Determining Whether to Serve on Advisory Committees and Service on Advisory
Committees; XIG may Serve as Advisory Committee Representative on Behalf of Certain Advisory Accounts but not
Others
In most cases where an Advisory Account invests in an Underlying Fund, GSAM does not seek to have representatives on
committees of investors in Underlying Funds which are given the authority to make certain determinations on behalf of the
Underlying Funds or the investors therein, including in many cases with respect to certain required consents and/or
conflicts (such committees, “Underlying Fund LPACs”). Furthermore, even if a representative of an Advisory Account serves
on an Underlying Fund LPAC, Goldman Sachs maintains policies and procedures which require any such representative to
recuse himself or herself from certain matters and in certain circumstances, including certain matters where Goldman Sachs
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has an interest. Alternatively, Goldman Sachs may determine to cause the representative of the Advisory Account to resign
a seat on an Underlying Fund LPAC for legal, tax or regulatory reasons or to mitigate potential conflicts of interest.
Among other items, an Underlying Fund LPAC may be vested with the authority to grant consent to an Underlying Fund
entering into transactions with its general partner, investment manager or their respective associates or other funds
managed or advised by such persons. The terms and conditions of such transactions (or any other matter presented to an
Underlying Fund LPAC) may be adverse to the interests of investors in the Underlying Fund, including one or more Advisory
Accounts. If an Advisory Account does not have a representative on an Underlying Fund LPAC or such representative
recuses herself or himself, then the Advisory Account will not be able to exercise any vote on the matter.
Goldman Sachs personnel may also serve on an Underlying Fund LPAC (i) on behalf of a particular Advisory Account but not
other Advisory Accounts which are also invested in the relevant Underlying Fund or (ii) in connection with GSAM’s portfolio
advisory and monitoring business, pursuant to which XIG is required to, or otherwise may, serve as the representative of
certain clients on advisory committees for which such clients have the right to appoint a member (including with respect to
an Underlying Fund in which Advisory Accounts invest). Goldman Sachs personnel may also serve on an Underlying Fund
LPAC where the decisions of the Underlying Fund LPAC are binding upon a co-investment vehicle in which an Advisory
Account invests. If XIG personnel serve on an Underlying Fund LPAC in the manner described in the previous sentences, the
personnel serving on such Underlying Fund LPAC generally will only consider the interests of the Advisory Account or
portfolio advisory or monitoring client the personnel are representing and not the interests of other Advisory Accounts.
Accordingly, the XIG personnel’s actions in respect of the Underlying Fund LPAC may adversely affect other Advisory
Accounts.
CONFLICTS RELATING TO THE ALLOCATION OF ADVISORY ACCOUNT ASSETS TO AFFILIATED PRODUCTS AND EXTERNAL
PRODUCTS
Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) will generally receive compensation in connection with the management of Affiliated
Products (including discretionary managed accounts or investment funds including money market funds) to which Advisory
Accounts directly or indirectly allocate assets. Certain Advisory Accounts that invest in Affiliated Products pay advisory fees
to GSAM that are not reduced by any fees payable by such Advisory Accounts to Goldman Sachs as manager of such
Affiliated Products (i.e., there will be “double fees” involved in making any such investment, which would not arise in
connection with the direct allocation of assets by the account holder to such Affiliated Products), other than in certain
specified cases, including as may be required by applicable law. Other Advisory Accounts that invest in Affiliated Products
pay advisory fees at the Advisory Account level but not at the Affiliated Product level, or vice versa (e.g., the Advisory
Account may invest on a fee-free basis in the Affiliated Product or receive a rebate or credit at the Advisory Account level).
Because Goldman Sachs will on an overall basis receive higher fees, compensation and other benefits if the assets of
Advisory Accounts that pay “double fees” (i.e., Advisory Accounts that do not invest on a fee-free basis or that do not
receive a rebate or credit) are allocated to Affiliated Products rather than solely to External Products, GSAM is incentivized
to recommend or allocate the assets of Advisory Accounts to Affiliated Products. Furthermore, GSAM will have an interest
in allocating or recommending the assets of Advisory Accounts to Affiliated Products that impose higher fees than those
imposed by other Affiliated Products (including due to, or after, the application of fee offsets) or that provide other benefits
to Goldman Sachs. Any differential in compensation paid to personnel in connection with certain Affiliated Products rather
than other Affiliated Products creates a financial incentive on the part of GSAM to select or recommend certain Affiliated
Products over other Affiliated Products. Similarly, since GSAM and/or Goldman Sachs generally on an overall basis receives
higher fees, compensation and other benefits if Advisory Account assets are allocated to External Products indirectly
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through Advisory Accounts that are funds of funds rather than directly to External Products, GSAM is incentivized to select
or recommend an Advisory Account that is a fund of funds for an Advisory Account. Correspondingly, GSAM may be
disincentivized to consider or recommend the removal of an Advisory Account’s assets from, or the modification of an
Advisory Account’s allocations to, an Affiliated Product at a time that it otherwise would have where doing so would
decrease the fees, compensation and other benefits to Goldman Sachs, including where disposal of such Affiliated Product by
the Advisory Account would likely adversely affect the Affiliated Product with respect to its liquidity position or otherwise.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, special fee considerations with respect to allocations to Affiliated Products in addition to, and
different than, those listed in this paragraph apply to MAS-managed Advisory Accounts. Please refer below to this Item 10,
Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations—Conflicts that Apply Primarily to MAS.
Neither Goldman Sachs nor GSAM will be required to share any fees, allocations, compensation, remuneration or other
benefits received in connection with an Advisory Account with the Advisory Account or the client or offset such fees,
allocations, compensation, remuneration and other benefits against fees and expenses the client may otherwise owe Goldman
Sachs or GSAM.
CONFLICTS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO MAS
Conflicts Relating to Affiliated Products and External Products
The guidelines for each MAS Advisory Account provide that only Affiliated Products, only External Products or a mix of
Affiliated Products and External Products can be selected or recommended for such Advisory Accounts or for particular
asset classes or strategies within such Advisory Accounts. As described above in this Item 10, Other Financial Industry
Activities and Affiliations—Conflicts Relating to Relationships with Unaffiliated Advisers—Conflicts Relating to the Allocation
of Advisory Account Assets to Affiliated Products and External Products, conflicts of interest arise in situations in which MAS
is permitted to allocate Advisory Account assets to both Affiliated Products and External Products, and the differing fee
arrangements that apply to investments by MAS Advisory Accounts in Affiliated Products as compared to External Products
create a preference for the selection or recommendation of Affiliated Products over External Products. Please also refer to
the potential conflicts of interest described in Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Transactions—Financial Incentives in Selling and Managing Advisory
Accounts.
In connection with an Advisory Account that, pursuant to its guidelines, may invest in External Products (either because the
guidelines provide that the Advisory Account will invest in only External Products or because the guidelines provide that the
Advisory Account will invest in both External Products and Affiliated Products), MAS will not review the entire universe of
available External Products that may be appropriate for the Advisory Account. Generally, MAS will only review External
Products managed by Unaffiliated Advisers approved by XIG (“GSAM Approved Managers”), and typically will only review a
subset of such External Products as it determines in its sole discretion. In addition, XIG might not consider any External
Product for certain asset classes if an Affiliated Product is available, in which case there would be no External Products
available for certain asset classes on the MAS platform. As a result, there could be one or more External Products that
would be a more appropriate addition to the Advisory Account than the investment product selected by MAS, from the
standpoint of the factors that MAS has taken into consideration or other factors. Such External Products may outperform
the Affiliated Product selected for the Advisory Account. In certain cases, a MAS Advisory Account will invest in ETFs
managed by Unaffiliated Advisers that are not GSAM Approved Managers. MAS also offers model portfolios that allocate
only to Affiliated Products and External Products managed by a particular Unaffiliated Adviser pursuant to a co-branding or
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other collaboration agreement (“Co‐Branded Model Portfolios”). See “―Conflicts Relating to the Provision of Model
Portfolios, Including Through Third-Party Investment Platforms” below.
In determining which External Products to review for inclusion in Advisory Accounts, MAS evaluates Unaffiliated Advisers
that are GSAM Approved Managers. These and other investment opportunities are sourced in a variety of ways, including,
for example, by reviewing databases and inbound inquiries from managers, and/or by leveraging relationships that such
Unaffiliated Advisers or other clients already have with other parts of Goldman Sachs’ businesses. Such relationships give
rise to a conflict of interest, as Goldman Sachs is incentivized to select Unaffiliated Advisers from whom Goldman Sachs
receives fees or other benefits, including the opportunity for business development and the additional revenue that may
result therefrom. In addition, where Goldman Sachs is compensated more by one Unaffiliated Adviser over another,
Goldman Sachs is incentivized to choose the higher paying Unaffiliated Adviser. Different parts of Goldman Sachs may
source Unaffiliated Advisers and investment opportunities in different ways and based on different considerations. See
Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in
Client Transactions—Goldman Sachs Acting in Multiple Commercial Capacities.
In connection with an Advisory Account or an asset class within an Advisory Account that, pursuant to its guidelines invests
only in Affiliated Products, MAS will not review or consider External Products. As a result, there could be one or more
External Products that would be a more appropriate addition to the Advisory Account than the Affiliated Product selected
by MAS, from the standpoint of the factors that MAS has taken into consideration or other factors. Such External Products
may outperform the Affiliated Product selected for the Advisory Account.
MAS utilizes different due diligence processes for review of External Products and Affiliated Products. External Products
are reviewed by XIG, while potential Affiliated Products are reviewed by MAS. With respect to External Products reviewed
by XIG, such products undergo a due diligence review designed to assess the investment merits of each product, which
includes a review of the quality of the Unaffiliated Advisers and the likelihood of producing appropriate investment results
over the long term. Applicable investment and operational due diligence committees determine which External Products
are available for investment. Although XIG reviews the performance history of External Products, none of GSAM, XIG, or
any third party calculates or audits the information for accuracy, verifies the appropriateness of the methodology on which
the performance is calculated or verifies whether the performance complies with Global Investment Performance
Standards or any other standard for performance calculation. The methods for calculating performance and forming
composites can differ among External Products and performance information generally is not calculated on a uniform and
consistent basis. Past performance is not indicative of future results and, as such, prospective clients should not rely solely
on External Product performance information when making an investment decision. XIG periodically reviews the External
Products through interactions with Unaffiliated Advisers designed to help understand the evolution of their views. XIG uses
a different process to evaluate ETFs and certain third party mutual funds, applying quantitative screens that assess specific
factors, including tracking error, total assets, expense ratio, length of track record and other factors (which may be adjusted
periodically). Due diligence by MAS is generally limited to an assessment of certain qualitative and, to a lesser extent,
quantitative factors to determine that a potential Affiliated Product is suitable for the applicable Advisory Account. MAS
utilizes a different due diligence process for External Products in Co‐Branded Models. See “―Conflicts Relating to the
Provision of Model Portfolios, Including Through Third-Party Investment Platforms” below.
On the whole, the due diligence process for Affiliated Products is significantly less rigorous and substantively different than
that for External Products. As a result, MAS may select or recommend an Affiliated Product for an Advisory Account that
underperforms External Products (or other Affiliated Products) that might have been selected or recommended, or MAS
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could determine not to select or recommend an External Product that would otherwise have been selected or
recommended, had the due diligence process applicable to External Products been utilized for Affiliated Products. See Item
8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss—Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies—MAS for
additional considerations relating to, among other things, differences in the MAS selection process for External Products
and Affiliated Products.
Furthermore, when MAS conducts due diligence of, or in connection with making purchase, sale, or other investment-
related decisions with respect to, Affiliated Products, it may be restricted from obtaining information it might otherwise
request with respect to such Affiliated Products and their sponsors, managers, or advisers as a result of internal information
barriers, or it may be restricted from transacting on information it does obtain or is in possession of, as further described in
Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in
Client Transactions—Considerations Relating to Information Held by Goldman Sachs.
The lack of such information, or the inability to act upon such information, could result in losses to Advisory Accounts.
When MAS personnel do not have access to certain information with respect to an investment product, they may
determine not to consider such investment product for an Advisory Account, or, conversely, MAS personnel may select an
investment product for the Advisory Account notwithstanding that certain material information is unavailable to such
personnel, each of which could adversely affect the Advisory Account. For example, such investment product could
significantly decline in value, resulting in substantial losses to the Advisory Account.
In addition to the reasons described above, the universe of Affiliated Products and External Products that are available to
Advisory Accounts could also be limited due to administrative, practical, or other considerations.
XIG determines, based on its ongoing diligence review, whether the manager of an External Product should be retained as a
GSAM Approved Manager. Other than with respect to Co-Branded Model Portfolios, MAS generally only selects or
recommends External Products the managers of which are GSAM Approved Managers, and if XIG no longer considers the
manager of an External Product to be a GSAM Approved Manager, MAS is expected to withdraw (or recommend the
withdrawal of) such External Product from Advisory Accounts unless a client specifically requests to retain the External
Product. Affiliated Products are not subject to MAS’s ongoing due diligence, to due diligence by XIG, or to categorization as
a GSAM Approved Manager. There is no similar categorization process for Affiliated Products, although MAS may withdraw
(or recommend the withdrawal of) Affiliated Products on a case-by-case basis based on factors it deems relevant at the
time of any such consideration. The fact that Affiliated Products are not subject to the same diligence review and GSAM
Approved Manager categorization applicable to External Products also could cause Affiliated Products to not be removed
from Advisory Accounts prior to periods in which they underperform potential replacement investment products, whereas
an External Product might have been removed.
MAS receives management fees with respect to its investment advisory activities for Advisory Accounts it manages. In
addition, MAS Advisory Accounts bear all fees and expenses relating to investments in External Products and all fund
expenses relating to investments in Affiliated Products. However, except as agreed with the client, MAS Advisory Accounts
generally do not bear any management fees with respect to investments in Affiliated Products (either because the Affiliated
Products do not charge management fees or because the management fees paid to Affiliated Products are offset against
the fees charged by MAS). Therefore, similarly situated Advisory Accounts that invest in Affiliated Products are generally
expected to bear an overall lower level of fees than Advisory Accounts that invest in External Products. As a result, with
respect to Advisory Accounts whose guidelines permit investments in both Affiliated Products and External Products, there
is a significant financial incentive (i.e., lower overall fees for the client) for the Advisory Account to invest in Affiliated
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Products rather than External Products. Conversely, MAS has an incentive to select or recommend External Products
because Goldman Sachs does not receive additional management fees from the Advisory Accounts in respect of
investments in Affiliated Products even though it is providing additional services to the Advisory Accounts. However, in
such circumstances there may be countervailing considerations outside the best interests of the client that incentivize MAS
to select or recommend Affiliated Products (e.g., increased assets under management for Affiliated Products), including
Affiliated Products managed by MAS, over External Products. Generally, MAS does not share in the fees received by
External Products or their managers.
External Products include hedge funds and private equity funds advised by Unaffiliated Advisers (“External Funds”).
Generally, Advisory Accounts access External Funds through investments in GS Funds of Funds or through direct
investments in third-party managed hedge funds or private equity funds. As described in the prior paragraph, Advisory
Accounts managed by MAS generally do not bear management fees with respect to Affiliated Products unless as otherwise
agreed to by the client, but such Advisory Accounts may bear other fees and expenses with respect to such products.
Accordingly, MAS Advisory Accounts generally do not pay management fees to GS Funds of Funds in order to access
External Funds (either because the GS Funds of Funds do not charge management fees or because the management fees
paid to GS Funds of Funds are offset against the fees charged by MAS). Advisory Accounts are responsible for their pro rata
share of the expenses of the GS Funds of Funds, which generally includes fees and expenses paid by the GS Funds of Funds
to the External Funds.
Conflicts Relating to Regulatory Restrictions Applicable to Goldman Sachs
From time to time, the activities of Affiliated Products are restricted because of regulatory or other requirements applicable
to Goldman Sachs and/or its internal policies designed to comply with, limit the applicability of, or otherwise relate to such
requirements. External Products may or may not be subject to the same or similar restrictions or requirements, and as a
result may outperform Affiliated Products. For additional information, please refer to Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation
or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Transactions—Firm Policies and
Regulatory Restrictions Affecting Advisory Accounts.
Conflicts Relating to the Use of Tactical Tilts
GSAM utilizes tactical investment ideas derived from short-term market views (“Tactical Tilts”) for certain Advisory
Accounts. Unless specifically directed otherwise by a client (for example, in the case in which a MAS client or Advisory
Account specifically require or contemplate the use of one of the client’s Unaffiliated Advisers to implement certain types
of tactical tilts), with respect to MAS-managed Advisory Accounts, such Tactical Tilts are implemented through Affiliated
Products or directly by GSAM Personnel, even in the case of Advisory Accounts the guidelines of which do not otherwise
provide for investments in Affiliated Products. As described above in this Item 10, Other Financial Industry Activities and
Affiliations—Conflicts that Apply Primarily to MAS—Conflicts Relating to Affiliated Products and External Products, other
than with respect to MAS’s management fee, Advisory Accounts generally do not bear management fees in respect of
Affiliated Products, but such Advisory Accounts may bear other fees and expenses with respect to such products.
Accordingly, Advisory Accounts generally do not pay additional management fees in connection with the implementation of
Tactical Tilts. There are material risks related to the use of Tactical Tilts for Advisory Accounts. For example, the timing for
implementing a Tactical Tilt or unwinding a position can materially affect the performance of such Tactical Tilt. For various
reasons, other businesses within Goldman Sachs may implement a Tactical Tilt or unwind a position for client accounts or
on their own behalf at a different time than MAS does on behalf of Advisory Accounts, or may implement a Tactical Tilt that
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is different from the Tactical Tilt implemented by MAS on behalf of Advisory Accounts, which could have an adverse effect
on Advisory Accounts and may result in poorer performance by Advisory Accounts than by Goldman Sachs or other client
accounts. In addition, unless otherwise agreed in the agreement governing the Advisory Account, MAS monitors an
Advisory Account’s Tactical Tilt positions only on a periodic basis. Therefore, changes in market conditions and other
factors may result in substantial losses to an Advisory Account, and no assurance can be given that a Tactical Tilt position
will be unwound before the Advisory Account suffers losses. The use of Tactical Tilts also includes the risk of reliance on
models.
Conflicts Relating to the Use of Target Ranges and Rebalancing
Certain Advisory Accounts, either generally or with respect to particular asset classes and/or product classes, allocate to
both Affiliated Products and External Products in accordance with target allocations or target ranges. For these Advisory
Accounts, the conflicts and risks described above with respect to allocating assets to both Affiliated Products and External
Products apply. In addition, to the extent a client designates target allocations or target ranges for Affiliated Products and
External Products within an Advisory Account or a particular asset class or strategy within the Advisory Account, allocations
of an Advisory Account’s assets may, from time to time, be out of balance with the Advisory Account’s target ranges for
extended periods of time or at all times due to various factors, such as fluctuations in, and variations among, the
performance of the investment products to which the assets are allocated, reliance on estimates in connection with the
determination of percentage allocations and limitations on liquidity of investments. Any rebalancing by MAS of the
Advisory Account’s assets may have an adverse effect on the performance of the Advisory Account’s assets. For example,
an Advisory Account will generally incur transaction costs, and could be subject to investment losses, if the Advisory
Account’s assets are allocated away from an over-performing investment product and allocated to an under-performing
investment product in connection with a rebalancing. In addition, in some cases MAS’ ability to fully rebalance as intended
could be limited by several factors, including the use of estimates of the net asset values of the investment products, and, in
the case of investments in pooled investment vehicles, restrictions on additional investments in and redemptions from such
investment products. Similarly, the use of target ranges in respect of product classes may result in an Advisory Account
containing a significantly greater percentage of Affiliated Products than would otherwise be the case, including during
periods in which Affiliated Products underperform External Products. In such circumstances, there could be one or more
External Products that would be a more appropriate addition to an Advisory Account than the Affiliated Products then in
the Advisory Account. Such External Products may outperform the Affiliated Products then in the Advisory Account.
Conflicts Relating to the Provision of Model Portfolios, Including Through Third-Party Investment Platforms
The MAS team provides model portfolios to certain Advisers, broker-dealers, third-party investment platforms or other
financial intermediaries that use such model portfolios to assist in developing their own investment recommendations and
managing their own accounts or the accounts of their clients, or that make such model portfolios available to their clients
through investment platforms. A model portfolio can include ETFs, mutual funds, interval funds, closed-end funds, business
development companies, separately managed accounts managed by GSAM, and other pooled investment vehicles and can
be focused on one or more asset classes or strategies (including alternatives) or limited to certain types of investment
products (for example, model portfolios consisting solely of ETFs or mutual funds). Such model portfolios may differ from,
and may experience different performance than, model portfolios offered by affiliates of GSAM or by other business units
within GSAM.
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The MAS team offers certain model portfolios that include only Affiliated Products, unless the MAS team determines, in its
sole discretion, that an Affiliated Product is not available in the relevant asset class / sub-asset class. In such cases, the MAS
team may consider certain External Products in its discretion, although the MAS team will not canvas the universe of
External Products. The MAS team also offers model portfolios that include both Affiliated Products and External Products,
and such model portfolios may include an allocation to ETFs, mutual funds, interval funds, closed-end funds, business
development companies, separately managed accounts managed by GSAM, and other pooled investment vehicles. To the
extent GSAM recommends a model portfolio allocation to an Affiliated Product (including a GSAM separately managed
account), GSAM generally expects to do so without considering External Products or canvassing the universe of External
Products, even though there may (or may not) be one or more External Products that may be more appropriate for
inclusion in such model portfolio (including External Products that may have lower fees and expenses, higher performance,
or other favorable terms relative to an Affiliated Product (including a GSAM separately managed account)). For certain
investment platforms, GSAM separately managed accounts may be the only separately managed accounts available for
inclusion in the model portfolios. The value of each Affiliated Product selected for a model portfolio will reflect the impact
of any expenses, such as brokerage commissions, taxes, and other transaction-related fees, investment management,
investment advisory and similar fees, custodial fees, administrative fees and other fees and expenses applicable to such
Affiliated Product. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for certain model portfolios, the MAS team may consider only External
Products. The MAS team will not be obligated to, and will not, take into account the tax status, investment goals or other
characteristics of any specific person using a model portfolio when compiling the model portfolios. However, the MAS
team may provide customized model portfolios to certain Model Portfolio Advisers that take into account allocation
preferences communicated by the Model Portfolio Adviser to the team. Such customized model portfolios could include
allocations to External Products that GSAM has not evaluated or would not include in a model portfolio for other clients. As
a result, such customized model portfolios could experience different performance than other model portfolios offered by
GSAM.
To the extent the MAS team includes an External Product in a model portfolio that is not reviewed by XIG, it generally
expects to evaluate such External Product only from an investment perspective, which will solely consist of a review of the
External Product’s benchmark index, the size of the External Product, tracking error relative to the benchmark index,
performance and liquidity profile (e.g., market capitalization and average daily trading volume) and transaction costs,
among other factors. The MAS team generally does not conduct operational due diligence on External Products included in
model portfolios.
GSAM is generally entitled to compensation for making model portfolios available to Advisers, broker-dealers, other
financial intermediaries or their clients. In addition, GSAM and/or its affiliates will benefit from the investment by Model
Portfolio Accounts in Affiliated Products because Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) will generally receive compensation in
connection with the management of Affiliated Products included in a model portfolio. In certain cases, GSAM will not
receive compensation for the provision of model portfolios but GSAM and/or its affiliates will nevertheless benefit from the
investment by Model Portfolio Accounts in Affiliated Products included in such model portfolios. For model portfolios that
include both Affiliated Products and External Products, GSAM will generally allocate a certain percentage of such model
portfolios to Affiliated Products (including GSAM separately managed accounts) in order to generate a target range of
revenue from such Affiliated Products. The actual revenue from Affiliated Products may be higher or lower than the target
range at any given time, and revenue range targets are available upon request. GSAM is incentivized to include Affiliated
Products in model portfolios and disincentivized to remove Affiliated Products from a model portfolio. GSAM is also
incentivized to select Affiliated Products with relatively higher fees, in order to meet or exceed target revenue ranges,
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which could increase costs and decrease returns for Model Portfolio Accounts. Furthermore, inclusion of Affiliated Products
in model portfolios raises additional potential conflicts and risks similar to those described above in this Item 10, Other
Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations—Conflicts Relating to Relationships with Unaffiliated Advisers—Conflicts
Relating to the Allocation of Advisory Account Assets to Affiliated Products and External Products.
As described above, GSAM also offers Co-Branded Model Portfolios that allocate only to Affiliated Products and External
Products managed by a particular Unaffiliated Adviser pursuant to a co-branding or other collaboration agreement. Each
Co-Branded Model Portfolio generally targets a minimum percentage allocation to the Unaffiliated Adviser’s External
Products and is subject to certain revenue allocation objectives for each of GSAM and the Unaffiliated Adviser. GSAM and
the Unaffiliated Adviser share, or the Unaffiliated Adviser reimburses GSAM for, certain costs related to the delivery and
maintenance of Co-Branded Model Portfolios. The allocation of assets in Co-Branded Model Portfolios between Affiliated
Products and External Products could be affected by these overall business objectives. GSAM’s evaluation of External
Products for inclusion in Co-Branded Model Portfolios consists solely of a quantitative review, and may include factors such
as benchmark index, performance versus the benchmark index, length of track record, fees, assets under management,
concentration metrics, and peer comparisons. In addition, the research conducted by GSAM for External Products included
in Co-Branded Model Portfolios is different than the research conducted by GSAM for External Products included in other
model portfolios and Advisory Accounts. The MAS team does not conduct operational due diligence on the Unaffiliated
Adviser’s External Products included in Co-Branded Model Portfolios.
Certain model portfolio recipients will not have had the chance to evaluate or act upon information communicated by MAS
regarding model portfolios or any updates thereto prior to the time at which other model portfolio recipients have
commenced trading based upon such information or updates. See Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side
Management—Provision of Portfolio Information to Model Portfolio Advisers.
CONFLICTS RELATING TO THE SELECTION OR RECOMMENDATION OF STABLE VALUE CONTRACT PROVIDERS
The interests and business relationships of Goldman Sachs and its personnel create potential conflicts in the selection or
recommendation of Stable Value Contract providers, or the determination to increase allocations of assets to or withdraw
assets from Stable Value Contract providers on behalf of, Advisory Accounts. The Stable Value business makes
determinations or recommendations regarding Stable Value Contract providers consistent with its fiduciary duties and the
investment processes described in Item 8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss. Goldman Sachs may
derive benefits from certain decisions made in respect of Stable Value Contract providers.
CONFLICTS RELATING TO WORKPLACE MANAGED ACCOUNT SERVICES
If GSAM investment funds are selected by a WMA Institution, Plan Sponsor or other third-party fiduciary for the plan’s
investment menu, subject to applicable law including ERISA, GSAM will have a conflict of interest to allocate plan assets in a
way that prefers the GSAM investment funds over investment funds managed by third parties. GSAM generally seeks to
address this conflict by waiving GSAM’s management fees with respect to the GSAM investment funds, or by crediting such
management fees on a pro rata basis against the Workplace Managed Account Fees charged.
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Item 11 – Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
CODE OF ETHICS AND PERSONAL TRADING
GSAM has adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Code”) under Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act designed to provide that GSAM
Personnel, and certain additional personnel of Goldman Sachs who support GSAM, comply with applicable federal
securities laws and place the interests of clients first in conducting personal securities transactions. The Code imposes
certain restrictions on securities transactions in the personal accounts of covered persons to help avoid conflicts of interest.
Subject to the limitations of the Code, covered persons buy and sell securities or other investments for their personal
accounts, including investments in pooled investment vehicles that are sponsored, managed or advised by Goldman Sachs,
and also take positions that are the same as, different from, or made at different times than, positions taken (directly or
indirectly) for Advisory Accounts. GSAM will provide a copy of the Code to clients or prospective clients upon request.
Additionally, all personnel of Goldman Sachs, including GSAM Personnel, are subject to firm-wide policies and procedures
regarding confidential and proprietary information, information barriers, private investments, outside business activities
and personal trading. GSAM requires pre-clearance of personal securities transactions, both public and private, by GSAM
Personnel and GSAM can deny any such transaction in its discretion. In order to address potential conflicts of interest with
the Advisory Accounts and other legal and regulatory restrictions (such as when GSAM has confidential information about a
portfolio company), Goldman Sachs maintains a list of securities in which GSAM Personnel cannot trade. Additionally,
GSAM generally does not allow its personnel to purchase securities of single-name public issuers, other than registered
investment companies and government securities. In addition, GSAM prohibits its employees from accepting gifts and
entertainment that could influence, or appear to influence, their business judgment. This generally includes gifts of more
than $300 or meals and other business-related entertainment that may be considered lavish or extraordinary and therefore
raise a question or appearance of impropriety.
PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS
Goldman Sachs is a worldwide, full-service investment banking, broker-dealer, asset management and financial services
organization and a major participant in global financial markets. As such, it provides a wide range of financial services to a
substantial and diversified client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and individuals.
Goldman Sachs acts as broker-dealer, investment adviser, investment banker, underwriter, research provider,
administrator, financier, adviser, market maker, trader, prime broker, derivatives dealer, clearing agent, lender, custodian,
counterparty, agent, principal, distributor, investor or in other commercial capacities for accounts or companies (including
Advisory Account portfolio companies) or affiliated or unaffiliated Underlying Funds. In those and other capacities,
Goldman Sachs advises and deals with clients and third parties in all markets and transactions and purchases, sells, holds
and recommends a broad array of investments, including securities, derivatives, loans, commodities, currencies, credit
default swaps, indices, baskets and other financial instruments and products for its own account and for the accounts of
clients and of its personnel. In addition, Goldman Sachs has direct and indirect interests in the global fixed-income,
currency, commodity, equities, bank loan and other markets. In certain cases, Goldman Sachs causes Advisory Accounts to
invest in products and strategies sponsored, managed or advised by Goldman Sachs or in which Goldman Sachs has an
interest, either directly or indirectly, or otherwise restricts Advisory Accounts from making such investments, as further
described herein. In this regard, there are instances when Goldman Sachs’ activities and dealings with other clients and
third parties affect Advisory Accounts in ways that disadvantage Advisory Accounts and/or benefit Goldman Sachs or other
Accounts (including Advisory Accounts). Additionally, as described below, GSAM faces conflicts of interest arising out of
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Goldman Sachs’ relationships and business dealings in connection with decisions to take or refrain from taking certain
actions on behalf of Advisory Accounts when doing so would be adverse to Goldman Sachs’ relationships or other business
dealings with such parties. See Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Transactions—Certain Effects of the Activities of Goldman Sachs and Advisory
Accounts. In addition, as described above in Item 7, Types of Clients, GSAM’s activities on behalf of certain other entities
that are not investment advisory clients of GSAM create conflicts of interest between such entities, on the one hand, and
Advisory Accounts, on the other hand, that are the same as or similar to the conflicts that arise between Advisory Accounts,
or between an Advisory Account on the one hand, and an Account on the other hand, as described in this Item 11, Code of
Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading. In managing conflicts of interest that arise as a
result of the foregoing, GSAM generally will be subject to fiduciary requirements. The following are descriptions of certain
conflicts of interest and potential conflicts of interest that are associated with the financial or other interests that GSAM
and Goldman Sachs have in advising or dealing with clients (including Advisory Accounts) or third parties acting on their
own behalf. The conflicts herein do not purport to be a complete list or explanation of the conflicts associated with the
financial or other interests GSAM or Goldman Sachs may have now or in the future. Prior to making an investment in an
Advisory Account that is a pooled investment vehicle, prospective investors are encouraged to read the offering materials
relating to such Advisory Account.
Principal Trading and Cross/Agency Cross Transactions with Advisory Accounts
When permitted by applicable law and GSAM policy, GSAM, acting on behalf of certain Advisory Accounts (for example,
those employing taxable fixed income, municipal bond fixed income and structured investment strategies), may (but is
under no obligation or other duty to) enter into transactions in securities and other instruments with or through Goldman
Sachs or in Affiliated Products and cause Advisory Accounts to engage in principal transactions, cross transactions and
agency cross transactions. Principal transactions occur if GSAM, on behalf of Advisory Accounts, engages in a transaction in
securities or other instruments with Goldman Sachs or in Affiliated Products acting as principal. In certain cases, Goldman
Sachs earns compensation (such as a spread or mark-up) in connection with these transactions. Cross transactions occur if
GSAM causes an Advisory Account to buy securities or other instruments from, or sell securities or other instruments to,
another Advisory Account of GSAM or an Affiliated Adviser. An agency cross transaction occurs if Goldman Sachs acts as
broker for an Advisory Account on one side of the transaction and a brokerage account on the other side of the transaction
in connection with the purchase or sale of securities by the Advisory Account. Goldman Sachs receives a commission from
such agency cross transactions.
There are potential conflicts of interest, regulatory considerations or restrictions identified in GSAM’s internal policies
relating to these transactions which could limit GSAM’s determination and/or ability to engage in these transactions for
Advisory Accounts. In certain circumstances such as when Goldman Sachs is the only or one of a few participants in a
particular market or is one of the largest such participants, such limitations will eliminate or reduce the availability of
certain investment opportunities to Advisory Accounts or impact the price or terms on which transactions relating to such
investment opportunities may be effected.
GSAM may (but is under no obligation or other duty to) cause Advisory Accounts to engage in cross transactions involving
interests in hedge funds, private equity funds, real estate funds and other private or non-private funds. For example, HFS
may cause HFS Advisory Accounts to buy or sell interests in an Underlying Fund, including such interests that are illiquid or
difficult-to-value, from or to another Advisory Account or other Account (including an Account advised by another area of
Goldman Sachs for its clients). This will typically occur when one Advisory Account determines to sell an interest in an
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Underlying Fund at the same time that another Advisory Account wishes to purchase an interest in the same Underlying
Fund. Transactions in respect of illiquid or difficult-to-value assets may be effected at a discount to the net asset value of
the illiquid assets provided by the applicable Adviser. Another example of cross transactions involving Underlying Funds
occurs when XIG private equity and real estate Advisory Accounts rebalance their interests in Underlying Funds over the
course of a stated period of time (such as the period of time during which investors may invest in XIG closed-ended private
equity and real estate funds).
Cross transactions may also occur in connection with the offering of Co-Investment Opportunities to an Advisory Account
following the acquisition of an investment by another Advisory Account. In these cases, the Advisory Account that is
offered the Co-Investment Opportunity generally purchases a portion of the investment acquired by another Advisory
Account. The price at which an Advisory Account acquires an investment in connection with a Co-Investment Opportunity
may be based upon cost and may or may not include an interest component or may reflect adjustments to the value of the
investment following acquisition by the selling Advisory Account. In addition, cross transactions may occur where GSAM
causes an Advisory Account to acquire all or a portion of the interests in one or more portfolio companies from another
Advisory Account (including situations where a new Advisory Account is organized by GSAM solely for this purpose) or
merge an existing portfolio company of the Advisory Account with a portfolio company of another Advisory Account. Such
transactions lead to a conflict of interests because GSAM controls the Advisory Accounts and/or portfolio company on each
side of such transaction.
Advisory Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles (or any subsidiary thereof) may enter into commitment letters and
other obligations in respect of prospective investments made alongside one or more other investment vehicles. In many
but not all cases, GSAM intends for any such Advisory Account and other participating investment vehicles to enter into
back-to-back indemnification, contribution, participation, reimbursement or similar agreements (“Reimbursement
Arrangements”) to ensure that potential losses in connection with any such investments are allocated among such Advisory
Account and other participating investment vehicles in a fair manner based on their respective (or anticipated) ownership
interests in the underlying asset. However, no assurance can be provided that an Advisory Account and such other
investment vehicles will enter into a Reimbursement Arrangement with respect to a particular transaction. Furthermore,
even if such parties enter into a Reimbursement Arrangement, it is possible that the Advisory Account could be exposed to
losses in excess of its pro rata portion of the prospective investment if one or more other investment vehicles is not able to
satisfy its obligations under such arrangement or otherwise in respect of such a transaction.
In certain circumstances, Goldman Sachs, to the extent permitted by applicable law, will purchase or sell securities on
behalf of an Advisory Account as a “riskless principal”. For instance, Goldman Sachs may purchase securities from a third
party with the knowledge that an Advisory Account is interested in purchasing those securities and immediately sell the
purchased securities to such Advisory Account. In addition, in certain instances, an Advisory Account may request Goldman
Sachs to purchase a security as a principal and issue a participation or similar interest to the Advisory Account in order to
comply with applicable local regulatory requirements. In limited circumstances, Goldman Sachs could serve as clearing
agent for other Goldman Sachs clients who act as a counterparty to trades for Advisory Accounts, and Goldman Sachs will
earn a fee for these clearing services. See also Item 11, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions—Goldman Sachs
Acting in Multiple Commercial Capacities.
Goldman Sachs will have a potentially conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities to the parties in such transactions,
including with respect to a decision to enter into such transactions as well as with respect to valuation, pricing and other
terms. GSAM has developed policies and procedures in relation to such transactions and conflicts. However, there can be
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no assurance that such transactions will be effected, or that such transactions will be effected in the manner that is most
favorable to an Advisory Account that is a party to any such transactions. Cross transactions may disproportionately benefit
some Advisory Accounts relative to other Advisory Accounts due to the relative amount of market savings obtained by the
Advisory Accounts, and cross transactions may be effected at different prices for different Advisory Accounts due to
differing legal and/or regulatory requirements applicable to such Advisory Accounts. Certain Advisory Accounts are also
prohibited from participating in cross transactions, even if consent is obtained. Where principal, cross or agency cross
transactions are not prohibited, such transactions will be effected in accordance with fiduciary requirements and applicable
law (which include disclosure and consent, where required). In the case of commingled funds or certain other Advisory
Accounts, consent may be granted by a governing body or a committee of investors or independent persons acting for an
Advisory Account, in which case other investors will not have the opportunity to provide or withhold consent to the
proposed transaction. Clients may revoke consent to agency cross transactions at any time by written notice to GSAM, and
any such revocation will be effective once GSAM has received and has had a reasonable time to act on it.
Certain Effects of the Activities of Goldman Sachs and Advisory Accounts
Goldman Sachs (including GSAM), the clients it advises, and its personnel have interests in and advise Accounts (including
Advisory Accounts) that have investment objectives or portfolios similar to, related to or opposed to those of particular
Advisory Accounts or, if applicable, the Advisers to which they allocate assets. Goldman Sachs may receive greater fees or
other compensation (including performance-based fees) from such Accounts than it does from the particular Advisory
Accounts, in which case Goldman Sachs is incentivized to favor such Accounts. In addition, Goldman Sachs (including
GSAM), the clients it advises, and its personnel may engage (or consider engaging) in commercial arrangements or
transactions with Accounts, and/or compete for commercial arrangements or transactions in the same types of companies,
assets, securities and other instruments, as particular Advisory Accounts or, if applicable, particular Advisers. Such
arrangements, transactions or investments adversely affect such Advisory Accounts by, for example, limiting clients’ ability
to engage in such activity or affecting the pricing or terms of such arrangements, transactions or investments. Moreover, a
particular Advisory Account on the one hand, and Goldman Sachs or an Account (including through another Advisory
Account), on the other hand, may vote differently on or take or refrain from taking different actions with respect to the
same security, which are disadvantageous to the Advisory Account. Additionally, as described below, GSAM faces conflicts
of interest arising out of Goldman Sachs’ relationships and business dealings in connection with decisions to take or refrain
from taking certain actions on behalf of Advisory Accounts when doing so would be adverse to Goldman Sachs’
relationships or other business dealings with such parties.
Transactions by, advice to and activities of Accounts (including with respect to investment decisions, voting and the
enforcement of rights) may involve the same or related companies, securities or other assets or instruments as those in
which particular Advisory Accounts (or, if applicable, Advisers) invest, and it should be expected that such Accounts engage
in a strategy while an Advisory Account (or, if applicable, an Adviser) is undertaking the same or a differing strategy, any of
which could directly or indirectly disadvantage the Advisory Account (including its ability to engage in a transaction or other
activities).
In various circumstances, different Advisory Accounts make investments as part of a single transaction, including in
situations in which multiple Advisory Accounts comprise a single “fund family” and situations in which Advisory Accounts
make investments on a side-by-side basis on the same terms and conditions. In these circumstances, the participating
Advisory Accounts may have different interests such as different investment timing horizons, including, for example, when
certain Advisory Accounts are closed-end vehicles or otherwise have a limited investment period, while other Advisory
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Accounts are open-ended or otherwise have a less limited investment period. Similarly, capital contribution and other
obligations associated with an investment may extend beyond a particular Advisory Account’s investment period or
expected term. In such circumstances, GSAM may negotiate the terms of an investment on a collective basis and such
terms may not be as favorable, from the perspective of a particular Advisory Account, than if the Advisory Account had
been the sole participating Advisory Account. Terms required by one Advisory Account (for example, due to regulatory
requirements) when it invests may negatively impact the ability of another Advisory Account to consummate the
investment or may adversely alter its terms. Similarly, one Advisory Account may seek to dispose of an investment at a
time when it would be desirable for another Advisory Account to continue to hold such investment (or vice versa).
Depending on the structure of the applicable investment, disposing of a portion of the investment may be impractical or
costly, or may have adverse effects on the rights of Advisory Accounts continuing to hold the investment. As a result, GSAM
may be incentivized to accelerate or delay the sale, disposition or restructuring of an investment, which may have an
adverse effect on certain of the Advisory Accounts participating in the transaction. Further, a particular Advisory Account
that holds a minority interest in a portfolio company in which another Advisory Account owns a majority interest could be
adversely affected in the context of restructuring and/or recapitalization transactions with respect to such portfolio
company. When making an investment decision with respect to an investment in which multiple Advisory Accounts are
invested, Goldman Sachs may primarily take into account the specific effect such investment decision will have on the
Advisory Accounts as a whole, and not based on the best interests of any particular Advisory Account. In the event GSAM
makes different investment decisions (including with respect to the timing of dispositions, additional investments, and
other decisions) for Advisory Accounts with respect to an investment in a common portfolio company, such Advisory
Accounts could have different rates of return and profit and loss on the investment or otherwise be adversely effected.
In addition, Goldman Sachs may be engaged to provide advice to an Account that is considering entering into a transaction
with a particular Advisory Account, and Goldman Sachs may advise the Account not to pursue the transaction with the
particular Advisory Account, or otherwise in connection with a potential transaction provide advice to the Account that
would be adverse to the particular Advisory Account. Additionally, if an Advisory Account (or, if applicable, Adviser) buys a
security and an Account establishes a short position in that same security or in similar securities, such short position may
result in the impairment of the price of the security that the Advisory Account (or, if applicable, Adviser) holds or could be
designed to profit from a decline in the price of the security. An Advisory Account (or, if applicable, Adviser) could similarly
be adversely impacted if it establishes a short position, following which an Account takes a long position in the same
security or in similar securities. Furthermore, Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) may make filings in connection with a
shareholder class action lawsuit or similar matter involving a particular security on behalf of an Account (including an
Advisory Account), but not on behalf of a different Account (including a different Advisory Account) that holds or held the
same security, or that is invested in or has extended credit to different parts of the capital structure of the same issuer. See
this Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest
in Client Accounts—Investments in and Advice Regarding Different Parts of an Issuer’s Capital Structure, for a discussion of
certain additional conflicts associated with Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or Accounts (including Advisory Accounts), on
the one hand, and a particular Advisory Account, on the other hand, investing in or extending credit to different parts of the
capital structure of a single issuer. See Item 17, Voting Client Securities—Class Actions and Similar Matters for a description
of GSAM’s policies with respect to filings in connection with shareholder class actions and similar matters for separate
account clients.
Advisory Accounts are expected to transact with a variety of counterparties. Some of these counterparties will also engage
in transactions with other Accounts managed by GSAM or another Goldman Sachs entity or business unit. For example, an
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Advisory Account may purchase assets from a counterparty at the same time the counterparty (or an affiliate thereof) is
also negotiating to purchase different assets from another Account. This creates potential conflicts of interest, particularly
with respect to the terms and purchase prices of the sales. For example, Goldman Sachs may receive fees or other
compensation in connection with the sale of assets by an Account to a counterparty, which creates an incentive to
negotiate a higher purchase price for those assets in exchange for agreeing that the Advisory Account will pay a higher price
in a separate transaction where an Advisory Account is a purchaser.
Similarly, a particular Advisory Account may dispose of one or more assets through a block sale that includes assets held by
other Accounts or as part of a series of transactions in which assets from multiple Accounts are sold to the same purchaser.
This creates potential conflicts of interest, particularly with regard to the determination of the purchase prices of the
applicable assets. For example, Goldman Sachs may receive greater fees or other compensation (including performance-
based fees) in connection with the sale of assets in other Accounts that participate in a block sale as compared to the
compensation that Goldman Sachs receives in connection with the sale of assets by the particular Advisory Account. There
can be no assurance that the compensation received by the particular Advisory Account as a result of participating in a
block sale would be greater than the compensation that the particular Advisory Account would receive if its assets were
sold as part of a standalone transaction. Any such transaction will be effected in accordance with GSAM’s fiduciary
obligations.
Advisory Accounts may also have different rights in respect of an investment with the same issuer or underlying Adviser, or
invest in different classes of the same issuer (including an Underlying Fund) that have different rights, including, without
limitation, with respect to liquidity. For example, one or more Advisory Accounts may be permitted to redeem from or
otherwise liquidate their investments in an Underlying Fund at times that another Advisory Account cannot. The
determination to exercise such rights by GSAM on behalf of certain Advisory Accounts may have an adverse effect on other
Advisory Accounts.
GSAM is incentivized to cause Advisory Accounts to invest, directly or indirectly, in securities, bank loans or other
obligations of companies affiliated with Goldman Sachs, advised by Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or in which Goldman
Sachs or Accounts (including Advisory Accounts) have an equity, debt or other interest, or to engage in investment
transactions that may result in Goldman Sachs or other Accounts (including through other Advisory Accounts) being
relieved of obligations or otherwise divested of investments. For example, certain Advisory Accounts acquire securities or
indebtedness of a company affiliated with Goldman Sachs directly or indirectly through syndicate or secondary market
purchases, or make a loan to, or purchase securities from, a company that uses the proceeds to repay loans made by
Goldman Sachs. These activities by an Advisory Account may enhance the profitability of Goldman Sachs or other Accounts
(including Advisory Accounts) with respect to their investment in and activities relating to such companies. Advisory
Accounts will not be entitled to compensation as a result of this enhanced profitability.
Goldman Sachs makes loans to, and enters into margin, asset-based or other credit facilities or similar transactions with,
clients, companies, individuals, or Advisers or their affiliates, that are secured by publicly or privately held securities or
other assets, including by a client’s assets or interests in an Advisory Account. Some of these borrowers are public or
private companies, or founders, officers or shareholders in companies in which Goldman Sachs or Advisory Accounts or
other Accounts (directly or indirectly) invest, and such loans may be secured by securities of such companies, which may be
the same as, pari passu with, or more senior or junior to, interests held (directly or indirectly) by Goldman Sachs, its
Advisory Accounts or other Accounts. For example, Goldman Sachs has in the past extended, and expects to continue to
extend, loans to persons who own and/or control the management companies and/or general partners of Underlying Funds
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in which Advisory Accounts invest (such loans, “Management Loans”). Management Loans in some cases are collateralized
by management company interests, general partner interests, limited partner interests, carried interest allocations, and/or
other securities or contractual rights relating to Underlying Funds in which Advisory Accounts invest. Other borrowers
include Goldman Sachs PWM clients that pledge their interests in certain Advisory Accounts to Goldman Sachs as collateral
for such loans. In connection with its rights as lender, Goldman Sachs acts to protect its own commercial interest and may
take actions that adversely affect the borrower, including by liquidating or causing the liquidation of securities on behalf of
a borrower, foreclosing and liquidating such securities in Goldman Sachs’ own name, or assuming control over the relevant
collateral. Goldman Sachs will be under no obligation to consider the interests of Advisory Accounts (even Advisory
Accounts that have direct or indirect investments in the Underlying Fund(s) that served as collateral in whole or in part for a
particular Management Loan). Such actions will adversely affect Advisory Accounts (if, for example, a large position in a
security is liquidated, among the other potential adverse consequences will be that the value of such security will decline
rapidly and Advisory Accounts holding (directly or indirectly) such security will in turn decline in value or will be unable to
liquidate their positions in such security at an advantageous price or at all). With respect to Management Loans, the
exercise of Goldman Sachs’ remedies could result in changes to the ownership, management or control of one or more
Underlying Funds, potentially affecting the performance, strategy, or operations of Advisory Accounts that invest in such
Underlying Funds. In addition, any foreclosure on collateral consisting of interests in an Advisory Account could have an
adverse effect on that Advisory Account and its financing arrangements. For a discussion of certain additional conflicts
associated with Goldman Sachs or Accounts, on the one hand, and a particular Advisory Account, on the other hand,
investing in or extending credit to different parts of the capital structure of a single issuer, see this Item 11, Code of Ethics,
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Accounts—
Investments in and Advice Regarding Different Parts of an Issuer’s Capital Structure.
Conflicts of interest also arise in the context of a restructuring or refinancing of debt securities that are owned by both
Goldman Sachs and Advisory Accounts. In connection with any such restructuring or refinancing, the issuer could ask for
broad liability releases not only from the participants themselves, but in addition from any affiliates of the participants that
also hold the debt securities being restructured or refinanced. To the extent that a particular Advisory Account does not
have the authority to provide such a release and is unable to negotiate a narrower release, it would be precluded from
participating in the transaction, which could disadvantage such Advisory Account.
Subject to applicable law, Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or Accounts (including GSAM Employee Funds or other Advisory
Accounts) may invest in or alongside particular Advisory Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles. These investments
may be on terms more favorable than those of an investment by Advisory Accounts in such a pooled investment vehicle and
constitute a substantial percentage of the assets of the pooled investment vehicle, resulting in particular Advisory Accounts
being allocated a smaller share of the investment than would be the case absent the side-by-side investment. In addition,
when Goldman Sachs buys or sells securities or other instruments (such as derivatives used for hedging purposes) for its own
account at the same time such securities or other instruments are bought or sold for a particular Advisory Account, Goldman
Sachs has in the past executed, and expects in the future to execute, such transactions through an affiliated broker-dealer,
whereas the Advisory Account transaction is generally executed through a third-party broker-dealer. The terms of any such
transactions, including execution price, are expected to differ, and the particular Advisory Account may be subject to a
different level of counterparty risk than Goldman Sachs in connection with such transactions. In the event of the failure of a
direct counterparty of the Advisory Account to perform its obligations under a particular trade, the interests of Goldman
Sachs and the Advisory Account will not be aligned as intended, and the Advisory Account may sustain losses in cases when
Goldman Sachs does not.
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Furthermore, the participation of GSAM employees in certain GSAM Employee Funds may create an incentive to influence
the allocation of an attractive investment opportunity to the GSAM Employee Fund, and certain Goldman Sachs personnel
may have a larger investment in certain GSAM Employee Funds relative to other GSAM Employee Funds, which may
present differing incentives including with respect to allocations of investment opportunities. Unless provided otherwise by
agreement to the contrary, Goldman Sachs or Accounts may redeem or withdraw interests in these pooled investment
vehicles at any time without notice to or regard to the effect on the portfolios of Advisory Accounts invested in the pooled
investment vehicle, and adversely affect such Advisory Accounts. Substantial requests for redemption or withdrawal by
Goldman Sachs in a concentrated period of time could require a pooled investment vehicle to liquidate certain of its
investments more rapidly than otherwise desirable in order to raise cash to fund the redemptions or withdrawals, adversely
affecting the pooled investment vehicle and its investors, including Advisory Accounts.
The terms of an investment in a GSAM Employee Fund are typically different from, and more favorable than, those of an
investment by a third-party investor in an Advisory Account. For example, investors in a GSAM Employee Fund generally
are not subject to management fees or performance-based compensation, share in the performance-based compensation,
will not have their commitments pledged under a subscription facility, and will receive capital calls, distributions and
information regarding investments at different times than third-party investors, and may receive equity compensation from
underlying portfolio companies. It should be expected that, to the extent permitted by law, certain investors in a GSAM
Employee Fund will be provided leverage by Goldman Sachs. In the event of a substantial decline in the value of a GSAM
Employee Fund’s investments, the leverage, if any, provided to employees may have the effect of rendering the
investments by employees effectively worthless, which could undermine the potential alignment of interest between
employees and third-party investors. In certain circumstances, subject to applicable law, Goldman Sachs will offer to
purchase, redeem or liquidate the interests held by one or more investors in a GSAM Employee Fund (potentially on terms
advantageous to such GSAM Employee Fund’s investors) or to release one or more investors in a GSAM Employee Fund
from their obligations to fund capital commitments without offering third-party investors the same or a similar opportunity.
Furthermore, Goldman Sachs personnel may also participate in one or more investments through a co-investment program
or otherwise, which may also affect alignment of interests.
Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) creates, writes, sells, issues, invests in or acts as placement agent or distributor of
derivative instruments related to Advisory Accounts such as pooled investment vehicles, or with respect to underlying
securities or assets of an Advisory Account or which are otherwise based on or seek to replicate or hedge the performance
of an Advisory Account. Such derivative transactions, and any associated hedging activity, may differ from and be adverse
to the interests of Advisory Accounts. For example, derivative transactions could represent leveraged investments in an
Underlying Fund that is a hedge fund, and the leveraged characteristics of such investments could make it more likely, due
to events of default or otherwise, that there would be significant redemptions of interests from such Underlying Fund more
quickly than might otherwise be the case. Goldman Sachs, acting in commercial capacities in connection with such
derivative transactions, may in fact cause such a redemption. Activities in respect of derivative transactions, and any
associated hedging activity, may occur as a result of Goldman Sachs’ adjustment in assessment of an investment or Adviser
based on various considerations, and Goldman Sachs will not be under any obligation or other duty to provide notice to
Advisory Accounts in respect of any such adjustment in assessment.
Accounts may be offered (or may already have) access to advisory services through several different Goldman Sachs
businesses (including through GS&Co. and GSAM). Different advisory businesses within Goldman Sachs manage Accounts
according to different strategies and apply different criteria to the same or similar strategies and have differing investment
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views in respect of an issuer or a security or other investment. Similarly, within GSAM certain investment teams or
portfolio managers can have differing or opposite investment views in respect of an issuer or a security, and as a result
some or all of the positions an investment team or portfolio manager takes in respect of an Advisory Account it manages
will be inconsistent with, or adverse to, the interests and activities of Advisory Accounts advised by other GSAM investment
teams or portfolio managers. Moreover, research, analyses or viewpoints will be available to clients or potential clients at
different times. Goldman Sachs will not have any obligation or other duty to make available to Advisory Accounts any
research or analysis at any particular time or prior to its public dissemination.
The timing of transactions entered into or recommended by Goldman Sachs, on behalf of itself or its clients, including
Advisory Accounts, may negatively impact Advisory Accounts or benefit certain other Accounts, including other Advisory
Accounts. For example, if Goldman Sachs, on behalf of one or more Accounts (including Advisory Accounts), implements an
investment decision or strategy ahead of, or contemporaneously with, or behind similar investment decisions or strategies
made for Advisory Accounts (whether or not the investment decisions emanate from the same research analysis or other
information), it could result, due to market impact or other factors, in liquidity constraints or in certain Advisory Accounts
receiving less favorable investment or trading results or incurring increased costs. Similarly, if Goldman Sachs implements
an investment decision or strategy that results in a purchase (or sale) of a security for one Advisory Account, such
implementation may increase the value of such security already held by another Advisory Account (or decrease the value of
such security that such other Advisory Account intends to purchase), thereby benefitting such other Advisory Account.
GSAM, in its discretion, in certain circumstances recommends that certain Advisory Accounts and/or certain of their
portfolio companies have ongoing business dealings, arrangements or agreements with persons who are (i) former
employees of Goldman Sachs, (ii) affiliates or other portfolio companies of Goldman Sachs or other Advisory Accounts, (iii)
Goldman Sachs’ employees’ family members and/or relatives and/or certain of their portfolio companies or (iv) persons
otherwise associated with an Advisory Account investor, portfolio company, or service provider. The Advisory Accounts
and/or their portfolio companies may bear, directly or indirectly, the costs of such dealings, arrangements or agreements.
These recommendations, and recommendations relating to continuing any such dealings, arrangements or agreements,
pose conflicts of interest and may be based on differing incentives due to Goldman Sachs’ relationships with such persons.
In particular, when acting on behalf of, and making decisions for, Advisory Accounts, GSAM may take into account Goldman
Sachs’ interests in maintaining its relationships and business dealings with such persons. As a result, GSAM faces conflicts
of interest arising out of Goldman Sachs’ relationships and business dealings in connection with decisions to take or refrain
from taking certain actions on behalf of Advisory Accounts when doing so would be adverse to Goldman Sachs’
relationships or other business dealings with such parties. Additionally, certain GSAM Personnel have family members or
relatives that are actively involved in industries, sectors and companies in which Advisory Accounts (including Advisory
Accounts for which the relevant GSAM Personnel serves as portfolio manager) invest, which gives rise to potential or actual
conflicts of interest in connection with GSAM Personnel’s decisions to take or refrain from taking certain actions on behalf
of Advisory Accounts.
Potential Conflicts Related to Lending and Loan Syndication
Goldman Sachs operates in the debt markets, including the leveraged finance markets, and is an active arranger of senior
and mezzanine financings in the syndicated loan market and the high yield market for financing acquisitions,
recapitalizations and other transactions. From time to time, an Advisory Account will invest in transactions in which
Goldman Sachs acts as arranger and receives fees in connection with these financings. In certain instances, an Advisory
Account will purchase loans and/or debt securities and receive representations and warranties directly from the borrower,
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while in other instances, an Advisory Account will need to rely on a private placement memorandum from Goldman Sachs
or others, and purchase such loans and/or debt securities at different times and/or terms than other purchasers of such
loans. When an Advisory Account purchases such loans directly or indirectly from Goldman Sachs and Goldman Sachs
receives a fee from a borrower or an issuer for placing such loans and/or debt securities with an Advisory Account, certain
conflicts of interest arise.
Investments in and Advice Regarding Different Parts of an Issuer’s Capital Structure
In some cases, Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or Accounts (including Advisory Accounts), on the one hand, and a
particular Advisory Account, on the other hand, invest in or extend credit to the same issuer, but in different parts of the
issuer’s capital structure. As a result, Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or Accounts may take actions that adversely affect
the particular Advisory Account. In addition, in some cases, Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) advises Accounts with respect
to part of the capital structure of an issuer where a particular Advisory Account has an investment in different classes of
securities of such issuer that are subordinate or senior to the securities with respect to which Goldman Sachs (including
GSAM) is providing advice. Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) is able to pursue rights, provide advice or engage in other
activities, or refrain from pursuing rights, providing advice or engaging in other activities, on behalf of itself or Accounts
with respect to an issuer in which a particular Advisory Account has invested, and such actions (or inaction) may have an
adverse effect on such Advisory Account.
For example, in the event that Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or an Account holds loans, securities or other positions in
the capital structure of an issuer that rank senior in preference to the holdings of a particular Advisory Account in the same
issuer, and the issuer experiences financial or operational challenges, Goldman Sachs (including GSAM), acting on behalf of
itself or the Account, may seek a liquidation, reorganization or restructuring of the issuer, or terms in connection with the
foregoing, that could have an adverse effect on or otherwise conflicts with the interests of the particular Advisory Account’s
holdings in the issuer. In determining its course of action, Goldman Sachs will not consider the interests of the particular
Advisory Account. For example, Goldman Sachs may determine to seek a liquidation, reorganization or restructuring that
causes a particular Advisory Account’s holdings in the issuer to be extinguished or substantially diluted, while Goldman
Sachs (including GSAM) or an Account recovers some or all of the amounts due to them. In addition, in connection with any
lending arrangements involving the issuer in which Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or an Account participates, Goldman
Sachs (including GSAM) or the Account may seek to exercise its rights under the applicable loan agreement or other
document in a manner detrimental to the particular Advisory Account. Alternatively, in situations in which an Advisory
Account holds a more senior position in the capital structure of an issuer experiencing financial or other challenges as
compared to positions held by other Accounts (including those of Goldman Sachs and GSAM), GSAM may determine not to
pursue actions and remedies available to the Advisory Account or enforce particular terms that might be unfavorable to the
Accounts holding the less senior position. In addition, in the event that Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or the Accounts
hold voting securities of an issuer in which a particular Advisory Account holds loans, bonds or other credit-related assets or
securities, Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or the Accounts may vote on certain matters in a manner that has an adverse
effect on the positions held by the Advisory Account. Conversely, Advisory Accounts may hold voting securities or credit-
related assets of an issuer in which Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or Accounts hold credit-related assets or securities,
and GSAM may determine on behalf of the Advisory Accounts not to vote in a manner adverse to Goldman Sachs (including
GSAM) or the Accounts (including by abstaining from the relevant vote or voting in line with other similarly situated
investors). Finally, Goldman Sachs has certain relationships and other business dealings with issuers, other holders of
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credit-related assets or securities of such issuers, or other transaction participants that cause Goldman Sachs to pursue an
action or engage in a transaction that has an adverse effect on the positions held by the Advisory Account.
These potential issues are examples of conflicts that Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) will face in situations in which
Advisory Accounts, and Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or other Accounts, invest in or extend credit to different parts of
the capital structure of a single issuer or related issuers. Similar conflicts can arise among Accounts (which includes
proprietary accounts of Goldman Sachs and Advisory Accounts) in other contexts. For example, one Account could own
equity in a portfolio company and another Account could hold debt obligations issued by the portfolio company.
Alternatively, a capital structure could involve multiple entities with Accounts holding interests in different entities and with
different seniority. By way of example, one Account could hold debt issued by a parent entity and another Account could
hold debt issued by a subsidiary entity. An Account that holds debt issued by the parent entity is structurally subordinated
to the debt issued by the subsidiary entity with respect to the assets of the subsidiary entity. Related conflicts also occur
where there is debt issued to an Account by a part owner of an entity and equity in that entity is owned by a different
Account. When Accounts hold interests of differing seniority levels within a capital structure, their interests will diverge in
certain situations, particularly in the event of financial distress for the company.
Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) addresses these issues based on the circumstances of particular situations. For example,
Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) relies on information barriers between different Goldman Sachs (including GSAM)
business units or portfolio management teams. GSAM may have the right (but not the obligation), in its sole discretion, to
utilize, on a case-by-case basis, a committee of investors in an Advisory Account or other persons to provide advice or
consent with respect to one or more transactions or actions. Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) in some circumstances relies
on the actions of similarly situated holders of loans or securities rather than, or in connection with, taking such actions itself
on behalf of the Advisory Account.
As a result of the various conflicts and related issues described above and the fact that conflicts will not necessarily be
resolved in favor of the interests of particular Advisory Accounts, Advisory Accounts could sustain losses during periods in
which Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) and other Accounts (including Advisory Accounts) achieve profits generally or with
respect to particular holdings in the same issuer, or could achieve lower profits or higher losses than would have been the
case had the conflicts described above not existed. It should be expected that the negative effects described above will be
more pronounced in connection with transactions in, or Advisory Accounts or, if applicable, Advisers utilizing, small
capitalization, emerging market, distressed or less liquid strategies.
Lending Activities of Goldman Sachs and Advisory Accounts
Certain Advisory Accounts can extend loans (including net asset value loans and asset-backed loans) to investment funds
whose portfolio companies have direct or indirect relationships with Goldman Sachs or its clients. For example, and without
limitation, an Advisory Account could participate in a loan to a fund managed by a person other than Goldman Sachs (such
fund, a “Third Party Fund”), where such Third Party Fund has investments in one or more loans or other instruments
originated or serviced by Goldman Sachs (including GSAM and Goldman Sachs businesses outside of GSAM, in each case on
its own behalf and/or on behalf of its clients). Similarly, without limiting the foregoing, an Advisory Account could
participate in a loan to a Third Party Fund where: (i) such Third Party Fund’s portfolio companies are owned (in whole or in
part) by Goldman Sachs (including GSAM and one or more Goldman Sachs businesses outside of GSAM, in each case on its
own behalf and/or on behalf of its clients); (ii) GSAM or a Goldman Sachs business outside of GSAM (in each case, on its
own behalf or on behalf of its clients) has provided a loan or other financing to such Third Party Fund’s portfolio companies;
or (iii) the Third Party Fund itself or its portfolio companies have engaged Goldman Sachs in a service provider, hedge
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counterparty or other capacity. In such circumstances, the interests of the Advisory Account might conflict with the
interests of Goldman Sachs (including GSAM and Goldman Sachs businesses outside of GSAM, in each case on its own
behalf and/or on behalf of its clients), and Goldman Sachs, when acting in its capacity as lender, service provider, hedge
counterparty or owner of any portfolio company of any Third Party Fund, will be under no obligation to consider the
interests of the Advisory Account. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Third Party Fund would typically be expected to
perform its obligations under a relevant loan or other instrument originated or serviced by Goldman Sachs and, to the
extent there is an adverse event on any loan collateral (for example, as a result of GSAM or a Goldman Sachs business
outside of GSAM (in each case, on its own behalf and/or on behalf of its clients) taking enforcement action as a lender or
hedge counterparty to a portfolio company or taking action or inaction as equity owner of a portfolio company to which a
loan has been extended), to cure any borrowing base deficiency or events of default caused by such collateral event by, for
example, partially repaying the relevant loan or substituting collateral such that an Advisory Account would not in the
ordinary course be expected to be adversely impacted by such collateral event. However, if a Third Party Fund ultimately
fails to perform its obligations under such loan or other instrument and Goldman Sachs (as, for example, lender to such
Third Party Fund’s portfolio companies) were to itself foreclose, or take any action (or inaction) as equity owner or other
counterparty to such portfolio companies, such foreclosure, action or inaction by Goldman Sachs could itself impair the
collateral underlying the Advisory Account’s loan to such Third Party Fund. There can, therefore, be no assurances that
actions undertaken by Goldman Sachs (including GSAM and one or more Goldman Sachs businesses outside of GSAM, in
each case on its own behalf and/or on behalf of its clients) in its capacity as lender, service provider, counterparty or owner
of any portfolio company of any such Third Party Fund will not have an adverse impact on the Advisory Account’s loan(s) to
such fund or will otherwise not result in a worse outcome for the Advisory Account than would have resulted had Goldman
Sachs not undertaken such action.
Potential Conflicts Relating to Follow-On Investments
From time to time, GSAM provides opportunities to Advisory Accounts to make investments in companies in which certain
Advisory Accounts have already invested. Such follow-on investments can create conflicts of interest, such as the
determination of the terms of the new investment and the allocation of such opportunities among Advisory Accounts.
Follow-on investment opportunities may be available to Advisory Accounts with no existing investment in the issuer,
resulting in the assets of an Advisory Account potentially providing value to, or otherwise supporting the investments of,
other Advisory Accounts. Please refer to Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management, for a non-
exclusive list of various factors considered in connection with allocation-related decisions for Advisory Accounts.
Advisory Accounts may also participate in releveraging, recapitalization, and similar transactions involving companies in
which other Advisory Accounts have invested or will invest. Conflicts of interest in these and other transactions arise
between Advisory Accounts with existing investments in a company or Advisory Accounts liquidating their investment in the
company, on the one hand, and Advisory Accounts making subsequent investments in the company, on the other hand,
which have opposing interests regarding pricing and other terms. In addition, the subsequent investments may dilute or
otherwise adversely affect the interests of the previously-invested Advisory Accounts. See this Item 11, Code of Ethics,
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Transactions—
Investments in and Advice Regarding Different Parts of an Issuer’s Capital Structure.
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Timing and Manner of Realization of Investments; Continuation Vehicles
In certain cases, GSAM could seek to restructure one or more investments made by a particular Advisory Account that is a
pooled investment vehicle by establishing a continuation vehicle to purchase such investments, potentially alongside other
affiliates of GSAM. If a continuation vehicle is established, investors in the particular Advisory Account may be given the
opportunity to continue participating in such investments through the continuation vehicle (subject to terms that may or
may not be similar to those with respect to such investment through an investment in the Advisory Account) or to exit such
investments as part of the transaction. Depending on the structure of the transaction and the elections made by the
Advisory Account investors, the interests of such Advisory Account investors (and/or investors in other Advisory Accounts
and other affiliates of GSAM) that choose to participate in or alongside the continuation vehicle could diverge from the
interests of any investors in the particular Advisory Account that choose to realize their interests in such investments, and
the two groups will ultimately hold the same investments for different amounts of time and realize different returns on the
same investments. The establishment of continuation vehicles with respect to Advisory Accounts that are pooled
investment vehicles also presents conflicts of interest between GSAM, on the one hand, and the applicable Advisory
Accounts, on the other hand. GSAM will be acting on behalf of, and making the investment decisions for, both the Advisory
Accounts and the applicable continuation vehicles. Further, because GSAM is expected to have the opportunity to earn
additional management fees and/or receive performance compensation, among other benefits, in respect of a continuation
vehicle, and because each purchaser’s commitment to acquire interests in the continuation vehicle would be expected to
be conditioned upon the completion of the transaction associated with the establishment of the continuation vehicle,
GSAM will have a conflict of interest in determining transaction terms and participants. In the event that the Advisory
Accounts propose to sell any assets to a continuation vehicle and that sale fails to close for any reason, the Advisory
Accounts would typically bear the broken-deal expenses relating to the proposed transaction, including fees for services
that would only have accrued to the benefit of certain subsets of investors in the Advisory Accounts, such as, where
applicable, those electing to continue their participation, if the transaction had closed.
Considerations Relating to Information Held by Goldman Sachs
Goldman Sachs has established certain information barriers and other policies designed to address the sharing of
information between different businesses within Goldman Sachs. As a result of information barriers, GSAM Public generally
will not have access, or will have limited access, to certain information and personnel, including senior personnel, in GSAM
Private and in other areas of Goldman Sachs, and generally will not manage Advisory Accounts with the benefit of
information held by GSAM Private and these other areas of Goldman Sachs. Conversely, GSAM Private generally will not
have access, or will have limited access, to certain information and personnel, including senior personnel, in GSAM Public,
and generally will not manage Advisory Accounts with the benefit of information held by GSAM Public. GSAM Private is
within the same information barrier as the Investment Banking business unit in the Global Banking and Markets business.
Advisory Accounts may have certain mandates managed by GSAM Private and GSAM Public, and may also have single
mandates with respect to which certain portions are managed by GSAM Private and other portions are managed by GSAM
Public. In such circumstances, Advisory Accounts may be adversely affected due to the information barrier between GSAM
Private and GSAM Public and the resulting limitations on access regarding information and personnel described above. For
example, single mandates which have different portions managed by each of GSAM Private and GSAM Public may not have
a single portfolio management team making investment decisions in connection with the entire mandate, and there may be
limits on coordination between the GSAM Private and GSAM Public portfolio management teams.
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Goldman Sachs, due to its access to and knowledge of funds, markets and securities based on its prime brokerage and other
businesses, will from time to time make decisions based on information or take (or refrain from taking) actions with respect
to interests in investments of the kind held (directly or indirectly) by Advisory Accounts in a manner that is adverse to
Advisory Accounts, and will not have any obligation or other duty to share information with GSAM.
In limited circumstances, including for purposes of managing business and reputational risk, and subject to policies and
procedures, personnel on one side of an information barrier may have access to information and personnel on the other
side of the information barrier through “wall crossings.” GSAM faces conflicts of interest in determining whether to engage
in such wall crossings. In addition, Goldman Sachs or GSAM may determine to move certain personnel, businesses, or
business units from one side of an information barrier to the other side of the information barrier. In connection therewith,
Goldman Sachs personnel, businesses, and business units that are moved will no longer have access to the personnel,
businesses and business units on the side of the information barrier from which they are moved.
Information obtained in connection with wall crossings and changes to information barriers may limit or restrict the ability
of GSAM to engage in or otherwise effect transactions on behalf of Advisory Accounts (including purchasing or selling
securities that GSAM may otherwise have purchased or sold for an Advisory Account). There may also be circumstances in
which, as a result of information held by certain portfolio management teams in GSAM, GSAM limits an activity or
transaction for Advisory Accounts, including Advisory Accounts managed by portfolio management teams other than the
team holding such information. See Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Accounts—Certain Effects of the Activities of Goldman Sachs and Advisory
Accounts and Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or
Interest in Client Accounts—Firm Policies, Regulatory Restrictions, and Certain Other Factors Affecting Advisory Accounts.
In managing conflicts of interest that arise as a result of the foregoing, GSAM generally will be subject to fiduciary
requirements.
In addition, regardless of the existence of information barriers, Goldman Sachs will not have any obligation or other duty to
make available for the benefit of Advisory Accounts any information regarding Goldman Sachs’ trading activities, strategies
or views, or the activities, strategies or views used for other Advisory Accounts or other Accounts. Furthermore, to the
extent that GSAM has developed fundamental analysis and proprietary technical models or other information, Goldman
Sachs and its personnel, or other parts of GSAM, will not be under any obligation or other duty to share certain information
with Advisory Accounts, and such Advisory Accounts may make investment decisions that differ from those they would
have made if Goldman Sachs or GSAM had provided such information, and be disadvantaged as a result thereof.
Different areas of GSAM and Goldman Sachs take views, and make decisions or recommendations, that are different than
those of other areas of GSAM and Goldman Sachs. Different portfolio management teams and different portfolio managers
within GSAM make decisions based on information or take (or refrain from taking) actions with respect to Advisory
Accounts they advise in a manner different than or adverse to other Advisory Accounts. Such teams may not share
information with other portfolio management teams or other portfolio managers within GSAM (or other areas of Goldman
Sachs), including as a result of certain information barriers and other policies, and will not have any obligation or other duty
to do so.
Goldman Sachs operates a business known as Prime Services, which provides prime brokerage, administrative and other
services to clients that from time to time involve Underlying Funds or markets and securities in which HFS Advisory
Accounts or other Advisory Accounts invest. Prime Services and other parts of Goldman Sachs have broad access to
information regarding the current status of certain markets, investments and funds and detailed information about fund
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operators that is not available to GSAM. In addition, Goldman Sachs from time to time acts as a prime broker to one or
more Underlying Funds, in which case Goldman Sachs will have information concerning the investments and transactions of
such Underlying Funds that is not available to GSAM. As a result of these and other activities, parts of Goldman Sachs will
possess information in respect of markets, investments, Advisers and Underlying Funds, which, if known to GSAM, might
cause GSAM to seek to dispose of, retain or increase interests in investments held by Advisory Accounts or acquire certain
positions on behalf of Advisory Accounts, or take other actions. Goldman Sachs will be under no obligation or other duty to
make any such information available to GSAM or personnel involved in decision-making for Advisory Accounts.
The conflicts described herein with respect to information barriers and otherwise with respect to Goldman Sachs and GSAM
also apply to Asset & Wealth Management (of which GSAM is a part), as well as to the businesses within Asset & Wealth
Management (including GSAM).
Goldman Sachs Acting in Multiple Commercial Capacities
Goldman Sachs faces conflicts of interest in providing and selecting services for Advisory Accounts because Goldman Sachs
provides many services and has many commercial relationships with companies and affiliated and unaffiliated Underlying
Funds (or their applicable personnel). In this regard, Goldman Sachs may be hired by GSAM on behalf of an Advisory
Account or directly by an Advisory Account, or by an Underlying Fund or a company in which an Advisory Account has an
interest, to provide investment advisory, custody, distribution, transfer agency, administrative, lending or other services to
the Advisory Account, company or Underlying Fund. In addition, a company in which an Advisory Account has an interest
(or in which an Advisory Account acquires an interest in the future) may hire Goldman Sachs to provide underwriting,
merger advisory, other financial advisory, placement agency, foreign currency or other hedging, research, asset
management services, brokerage services or other services to the company. Furthermore, Goldman Sachs sponsors,
manages, advises or provides services to affiliated Underlying Funds (or their personnel) in which Advisory Accounts invest
and also provides guarantees with respect to certain fixed income investment products in which certain Advisory Accounts
may invest. In addition, Goldman Sachs may simultaneously provide the same or different services to a portfolio company
and certain personnel thereof. In connection with such commercial relationships and services, Goldman Sachs receives
fees, compensation and remuneration that should be expected to be substantial, as well as other benefits.
In connection with providing such services, Goldman Sachs takes commercial steps in its own interest, or advises the parties
to which it is providing services, or takes other actions, any of which may have an adverse effect on an Advisory Account.
Such actions may benefit Goldman Sachs. For example, Goldman Sachs may require repayment of all or part of a loan from
a company in which Advisory Accounts hold an interest, which could cause the company to default or be required to
liquidate its assets more rapidly, which could adversely affect the value of the company and the value of the Advisory
Accounts invested therein. If Goldman Sachs advises a company to make changes to its capital structure, the result would
be a reduction in the value or priority of a security held (directly or indirectly) by Advisory Accounts. In addition,
underwriters, placement agents or managers of initial public offerings, including GS&Co., often require Advisory Accounts
who hold privately placed securities of a company to execute a lock-up agreement prior to such company’s initial public
offering restricting the resale of the securities for a period of time before and following the IPO. As a result, GSAM will be
restricted from selling the securities in such Advisory Accounts at a more favorable price. Actions taken or advised to be
taken by Goldman Sachs in connection with other types of transactions may also result in adverse consequences for
Advisory Accounts.
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Providing services to Advisory Accounts, Underlying Funds (or personnel of the applicable underlying Adviser) and
companies (or their personnel) in which the Advisory Accounts invest enhances Goldman Sachs’ relationships with various
parties, facilitates additional business development and enables Goldman Sachs to obtain additional business and/or
generate additional revenue. Providing such services may also result in Goldman Sachs receiving substantial fees,
compensation, and/or remuneration. Advisory Accounts will not be entitled to compensation related to any such benefit to
businesses of Goldman Sachs or GSAM. In addition, such relationships may adversely impact Advisory Accounts, including,
for example, by restricting potential investment opportunities, as described below, incentivizing GSAM to take or refrain
from taking certain actions on behalf of Advisory Accounts when doing so would be adverse to such business relationships,
and/or influencing GSAM’s selection or recommendation of certain investment products and/or strategies over others.
Please see this Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation
or Interest in Client Transactions—Certain Effects of the Activities of Goldman Sachs and Advisory Accounts.
Certain of Goldman Sachs’ activities on behalf of its clients also restrict investment opportunities that are otherwise
available to Advisory Accounts. For example, Goldman Sachs is often engaged by companies as a financial advisor, or to
provide financing or other services, in connection with commercial transactions that are potential investment opportunities
for Advisory Accounts. There are circumstances in which Advisory Accounts are precluded from participating in such
transactions as a result of Goldman Sachs’ engagement by such companies. In addition, in connection with an equity
offering of securities of a portfolio company for which Goldman Sachs is acting as an underwriter, Advisory Accounts will, in
certain instances, be subject to regulatory restrictions (in addition to contractual restrictions) on their ability to sell equity
securities of the portfolio company for a period after completion of the offering. Goldman Sachs reserves the right to act
for these companies in such circumstances, notwithstanding the potential adverse effect on Advisory Accounts. Goldman
Sachs (including GSAM) also represents creditor or debtor companies in proceedings under Chapter 11 of the U.S.
Bankruptcy Code (and equivalent non-U.S. bankruptcy laws) or prior to these filings. From time to time, Goldman Sachs
(including GSAM) serves on creditor or equity committees. It should be expected that these actions, for which Goldman
Sachs (or GSAM, as applicable) may be compensated, will limit or preclude the flexibility that the Advisory Account
otherwise has to buy or sell securities issued by those companies, as well as certain real estate or other assets. Please also
refer to this Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or
Interest in Client Transactions—Considerations Relating to Information Held by Goldman Sachs above and this Item 11,
Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client
Transactions—Firm Policies and Regulatory Restrictions Affecting Advisory Accounts below.
Goldman Sachs is frequently engaged as a financial advisor or financing provider to corporations and other entities and
their management teams, including companies in which Advisory Accounts have an equity or debt investment, in
connection with the sale of those companies or some or all of their assets. Goldman Sachs’ compensation in connection
with these engagements may be substantial and is usually based upon sales proceeds and contingent, in substantial part,
upon a sale. As a result, in situations where sellers require Goldman Sachs to act exclusively on their behalf, Advisory
Accounts will be precluded in many instances from attempting to acquire securities of the business being sold or otherwise
participate as a buyer in the transaction. Goldman Sachs’ decision to take on seller engagements is based upon a number
of factors, including the likelihood in any particular situation that the successful buyer will be a financial purchaser rather
than a strategic purchaser, the likelihood that any Advisory Accounts will be involved in the financing of that transaction
and the compensation Goldman Sachs might receive by representing the seller. Goldman Sachs may be given a choice by a
seller of acting as its agent, as a potential purchaser of securities or assets, or as a buyer’s source of financing through
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Advisory Accounts. Goldman Sachs reserves the right to act as the seller’s agent in those circumstances, even where this
choice may preclude Advisory Accounts from acquiring the relevant securities or assets. Advisory Accounts can provide
financing to buyers in connection with the buyer’s purchase of securities or assets where Goldman Sachs is acting as adviser
to the seller.
Goldman Sachs also represents potential buyers of businesses, including private equity sponsors, and Goldman Sachs’
compensation in connection with these representations may be substantial. In these cases, Goldman Sachs’ compensation
is usually a flat fee that is contingent, in substantial part, upon a purchase. Accordingly, Goldman Sachs may have an
incentive to direct an acquisition opportunity to one of these parties rather than to Advisory Accounts or to form a
consortium with one or more of these parties to bid for the acquisition opportunity, thereby eliminating or reducing the
investment opportunity available to Advisory Accounts. Furthermore, Goldman Sachs may seek to provide acquisition
financing to one or more other bidders in these auctions, including in situations where an Advisory Account is bidding for
the asset. In addition, Advisory Accounts may seek to provide acquisition financing to the buyer or one or more other
bidders, which could be in competition with Goldman Sachs providing acquisition financing. Moreover, Goldman Sachs may
provide financing to an Advisory Account in situations where it is also offering financing to one or more other bidders and
such other bidders could be in competition with Advisory Accounts to provide financing. Goldman Sachs’ buyer and
financing assignments may include representation of clients who would not permit either Goldman Sachs or affiliates
thereof, potentially including Advisory Accounts, to invest in the acquired company. In this case, none of GSAM or its
affiliates, including Advisory Accounts, would be allowed to participate as an investor. In some cases, a buyer represented
by Goldman Sachs may invite GSAM and certain Advisory Accounts to participate in the investment. Alternatively, GSAM
and certain Advisory Accounts may be invited to provide financing for this type of purchase. Each of these situations is
likely to present difficult competing considerations involving conflicts of interest between Goldman Sachs and Advisory
Accounts, including, for example, the price or terms of any Advisory Account investment in company advised by Goldman
Sachs. In addition, Goldman Sachs may accept buyer advisory assignments in respect of a company in which Advisory
Accounts have an equity or debt investment. Advisory Accounts may be precluded from selling their investment during the
assignment. Goldman Sachs evaluates potential buyer assignments in light of factors similar to those that will be
considered in engaging in seller assignments.
Allocation of Personnel, Services and/or Resources
Conflicts of interest may arise in allocating time, personnel and/or resources of GSAM among the investment activities of
multiple Advisory Accounts. GSAM and other Goldman Sachs personnel who play key roles in managing the Advisory
Accounts may spend a portion of their time on matters other than or only tangentially related to any particular Advisory
Account, or may leave GSAM for another investment group of Goldman Sachs (or may leave Goldman Sachs entirely). Time
may be spent on other Goldman Sachs investment activities, including without limitation, investments made on behalf of
Goldman Sachs and certain other entities (including SPACs) that are not investment advisory clients of GSAM. As a result,
the other obligations of these individuals could conflict with their responsibilities to any of the Advisory Accounts. Further,
GSAM may devote less time, services or resources to sourcing for investments of insufficient size to be expected to be
shared with the other Advisory Accounts, even where such investment opportunities may be in the best interest of an
Advisory Account.
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Diverse Interests of Advisory Account Investors
It should be expected that the various types of investors in and beneficiaries of Advisory Accounts, including GSAM and its
affiliates, have conflicting investment, tax and other interests with respect to their interest in the Advisory Accounts. When
considering a potential investment for an Advisory Account, GSAM will generally consider the investment objectives of the
Advisory Account, not the investment objectives of any particular investor or beneficiary. GSAM makes decisions, including
with respect to tax matters, from time to time that will be more beneficial to one type of investor or beneficiary than
another, or to GSAM and its affiliates than to investors or beneficiaries unaffiliated with GSAM. In addition, Goldman Sachs
faces certain tax risks based on positions taken by an Advisory Account, including as a withholding agent. Goldman Sachs
reserves the right on behalf of itself and its affiliates to take actions adverse to the Advisory Account or other Accounts in
these circumstances, including withholding amounts to cover actual or potential tax liabilities. Failure to provide the
necessary tax forms could result in over-withholding, requiring Advisory Account clients to reclaim excess amounts
withheld.
Multi-Strategy Arrangements
GSAM may enter into special arrangements with investors that, as part of a multi-strategy or multi-asset class investment
program, commit capital to a range of the platform of products of GSAM and its affiliates. Such investment programs may
include preferential terms, including blended fees and performance compensation rates which, when applied to the entire
investment program, may be lower than those applicable to an Advisory Account, notwithstanding that the capital
commitments to such Advisory Account by such investors may be smaller than other investors’ capital commitments to
such Advisory Account. The special arrangements with such investors may also include different preferred return rates or
co-investment rights, in each case on terms that are more favorable than those applicable to the other investors in such
Advisory Account. The foregoing special arrangements are not subject to the “most favored nation” provisions of such
Advisory Account and are therefore unavailable to investors in such Advisory Account unless such investors have expressly
entered into comparable arrangements.
Side Letters or Similar Arrangements
GSAM, subject to applicable law and GSAM policies, enters into confidential side letters or similar agreements or other
arrangements with certain investors, without the approval or vote of any other investor, that amend, modify or supplement
the economic, legal or other terms applicable to those investors. GSAM will consider many factors in deciding whether to
grant investors in an Advisory Account customized terms via a confidential side letter or similar agreement or other
arrangement, and investors receiving preferential terms may include: (a) investors that have made or have proposed to
make relatively large commitments to the Advisory Account, (b) investors that provide leverage to the Advisory Account, (c)
investors that have a multi-strategy, multi-asset class or multi-product investment program with GSAM, (d) investors that
are subject to specific legal, tax or regulatory status or other requirements or policies applicable to them and (e) investors
meeting other criteria GSAM considers reasonable in its discretion. These agreements involve, among other matters: (i)
different economic arrangements based upon the size or timing of capital commitments; (ii) certain investors receiving
customized information and reporting in addition to or more expeditiously than information and reporting received by
investors generally; (iii) agreements to permit representatives of certain investors to serve on an investment advisory
committee and to permit the investment advisory committee to hire external counsel and other advisors; (iv) rights to sell
or transfer interests in the applicable Advisory Account (v) assistance reselling securities or other property distributed by
such Advisory Account; (vi) provisions necessary to comply with particular tax, legal, regulatory, public policy or other
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considerations; (vii) excuse or exclusion rights applicable to particular investments or withdrawal rights from the
investment vehicle (which may increase the percentage interest of other investors in, and contribution obligations of other
investors with respect to, future investments, and reduce the overall size of the Advisory Account); (viii) the offering of or
acknowledgement of interest in co-investment opportunities; (ix) waiver of certain confidentiality obligations and the right
to disclose certain information to underlying investors, to the public or to regulators, (x) requirements in respect of
distributions required to be returned by such investors in respect of the obligations of such Advisory Account, (xi) additional
rights or terms provided to certain investors who provide leverage to an Advisory Account, modifications to the investor’s
subscription agreement, (xii) different arrangements with respect to the indemnification obligations of investors, (xiii)
waiver or modification of certain obligations relating to information and documentation that Advisory Account investors
might be required to provide to third parties, including lenders, and (xiv) limits on the amounts required to be funded to
cover shortfalls due to an excuse or a default of an investor. The existence of such agreements with only certain investors in
an Advisory Account may have a material adverse effect on the investors in the same Advisory Account who do not receive
preferential terms pursuant to a similar agreement.
Strategic Arrangements
GSAM enters into strategic relationships with existing investors in Advisory Accounts or third parties that afford such
investors the opportunity to invest with GSAM across multiple Advisory Accounts and on favorable terms. Such strategic
relationships, although intended to be complementary to certain Advisory Accounts, may require the Advisory Accounts to
share investment opportunities or otherwise limit the amount of an investment opportunity the Advisory Accounts can
otherwise take and adversely impact potential co-investment opportunities. Moreover, such relationships can be expected
to present certain risks and conflicts of interest, and include terms that are more favorable than the terms given to the
other investors in Advisory Accounts, such as the opportunity to invest in Advisory Accounts or specific investments on a
reduced fee or no-fee basis, training opportunities, representation on a limited partner advisory committee, certain
information rights, representation on Consulting Groups, or an offer to participate in a Co-Investment Opportunity.
Transactions with Investors
Goldman Sachs or GSAM from time to time engages in transactions, or recommends that certain Advisory Account portfolio
companies engage in transactions, with prospective and actual investors that result in business benefits to such investors.
Such transactions may be entered into prior to or coincident with an investor’s admission to an Advisory Account or during
the term of their investment. The different types of such transactions may be varied and may include benefits relating to
one or more Advisory Accounts and their respective portfolio companies, or to the prospective or actual investor. For
example, GSAM has entered into, and may in the future enter into, an arrangement with an Advisory Account investor
pursuant to which, in consideration of the investor’s capital commitment to the relevant Advisory Account, GSAM agrees,
from time to time and in its discretion, to refer debt financing opportunities for certain Advisory Account portfolio
companies to such investor. Such arrangements create an incentive for GSAM to pursue debt transactions on behalf of an
Advisory Account portfolio company that it may not have otherwise pursued, or may have pursued on different terms, in
the absence of the arrangement. In addition, actions taken by such Advisory Account investors in their capacity as lenders
to an Advisory Account portfolio company may adversely impact Advisory Accounts that invest in such portfolio company.
Goldman Sachs May In-Source or Outsource
Subject to applicable law, Goldman Sachs, including GSAM, may from time to time and without notice to Advisory Accounts
in-source or outsource certain processes or functions in connection with a variety of services that it provides to an Advisory
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Account in its administrative or other capacities. Depending upon the nature of the services and subject to the governing
documents of the Advisory Account, fees associated with in-sourced or outsourced services will be borne by an Advisory
Account or by GSAM. Such in-sourcing or outsourcing may give rise to additional conflicts of interest. For example, GSAM
will have an incentive to outsource services for which costs are borne by Advisory Accounts because such outsourcing
would reduce GSAM’s internal overhead and compensation costs for employees who would otherwise perform such
services in-house. See Item 5, Fees and Compensation—Other Fees and Expenses—Selection of Service Providers for
additional information regarding the selection of affiliated and unaffiliated service providers.
Valuation
GSAM, while generally not the primary valuation agent of Advisory Accounts, performs certain valuation services related to
securities and assets held in Advisory Accounts. GSAM performs such valuation services in accordance with its valuation
policies.
GSAM may value an identical asset differently than another entity, segment or unit within Goldman Sachs, or differently
than another Account or Advisory Account, values the asset, including because Goldman Sachs, or such other entity,
segment or unit, has information or uses valuation techniques and models that it does not share with, or that are different
than those of, GSAM. This is particularly the case in respect of difficult-to-value assets including but not limited to
alternative investments. GSAM may also value an identical asset differently in different Advisory Accounts, including
because different Advisory Accounts are subject to different valuation guidelines pursuant to their respective governing
agreements (e.g., in connection with certain regulatory restrictions applicable to different Advisory Accounts). In addition,
there may be significant differences in the treatment of the same asset by GSAM, on the one hand, other divisions or units
of Goldman Sachs, on the other hand, and/or among Advisory Accounts (e.g., with respect to an asset that is a loan, there
can be differences when it is determined that such loan is deemed to be on non-accrual status or in default).
Differences in valuation should also be expected where different third-party vendors are hired to perform valuation
functions for the Advisory Accounts or the Advisory Accounts are managed or advised by different portfolio management
teams within GSAM that employ different valuation policies or procedures or otherwise. GSAM will face a conflict with
respect to valuations generally because of their effect on GSAM’s fees and other compensation. For example, the valuation
of investments may affect the ability of GSAM to receive performance-based compensation. GSAM may have an incentive
to avoid writing down the value of assets that are not readily marketable or difficult to value, or to determine valuations
that are higher than the actual fair value of the investments, because GSAM will be in a position to receive higher
performance-based compensation, or to receive such compensation earlier than would otherwise have been the case. In
addition, to the extent GSAM utilizes third-party vendors to perform certain valuation functions, these vendors have
interests and incentives that differ from those of the Advisory Accounts.
With respect to Advisory Accounts that hold interests in Underlying Funds, GSAM ordinarily values such interests based
upon valuations of underlying investments provided by the Advisers (i.e., GSAM is a “price taker”), and such Advisers have
interests and incentives that differ from those of Advisory Accounts, including relating to the calculation of the Advisers’
fees.
Data and Information Sharing
Advisory Accounts, GSAM, and/or their respective affiliates, portfolio companies and other investments (collectively, the
“Data Parties”) often possess data and information that they may utilize for various purposes and which they would not
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otherwise possess in the ordinary course of their businesses. For example, information relating to business operations,
trends, budgets, customers or users, assets, funding and other metrics that the Data Parties possess or acquire through
their management of client accounts and/or their own businesses and investment activities may be used by Goldman Sachs
to identify and/or evaluate potential investments for Advisory Accounts and to facilitate the management of Advisory
Accounts, including through operational improvements. Conversely, Goldman Sachs may use data and information that it
has or acquires in connection with an Advisory Account’s activities for the benefit of Goldman Sachs’ own businesses and
investment activities and their portfolio companies and other investments.
From time to time, Goldman Sachs may commission third-party research, at an Advisory Account’s expense, in connection
with the diligence of an investment opportunity or in connection with its management of a portfolio investment, and such
research is expected to subsequently be available to other investment vehicles (and such persons will generally not be
required to compensate an Advisory Account for the benefit they receive from such research). Such benefits could be
material and Goldman Sachs will have no duty, contractual, fiduciary or otherwise, not to use such information in
connection with the business and investment activities of itself, Accounts and/or their portfolio companies and other
investments.
Furthermore, except for contractual obligations to third parties to maintain confidentiality of certain information,
regulatory limitations on the use of material nonpublic information, and the Data Parties’ information walls, Goldman Sachs
is generally free to use data and information from an Advisory Account’s activities to assist in the pursuit of its various other
interests and activities, including to trade for the benefit of Goldman Sachs or another client. Advisory Accounts and other
sources of such data and information may not receive any financial or other benefit from having provided such data and
information to Goldman Sachs. The potential ability to monetize such data and information may create incentives for
Goldman Sachs to cause an Advisory Account to invest in entities and companies with a significant amount of data that it
might not otherwise have invested in or on terms less favorable than it otherwise would have sought to obtain.
Investment Opportunities Sourced by Goldman Sachs and GSAM
Some or all Advisory Accounts may, from time to time, be offered investment opportunities that are made available
through Goldman Sachs businesses outside of GSAM, including, for example, interests in real estate and other private
investments. In this regard, a conflict of interest exists to the extent that Goldman Sachs controls or otherwise influences
the terms and pricing of such investments and/or retains other benefits in connection therewith. Please see this Item 11,
Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client
Transactions—Goldman Sachs Acting in Multiple Commercial Capacities. Goldman Sachs businesses outside of GSAM are
under no general or other obligation or duty to provide investment opportunities to Advisory Accounts, and generally are
not expected to do so. However, a Goldman Sachs business outside of GSAM has entered into, and other Goldman Sachs
businesses outside of GSAM may in the future enter into, arrangements with certain Advisory Accounts that provide such
Advisory Accounts a right, but not an obligation, to participate in a portion of certain investment opportunities sourced by
such Goldman Sachs business in which Goldman Sachs is also able to participate for its own account. In connection with
such arrangements, Advisory Accounts will be subject to the price and terms negotiated by such other Goldman Sachs
business. Such other Goldman Sachs business could own or control a majority of such investment opportunities, and in such
situations, will generally decide most matters that are presented for a vote, consent or waiver, including amendments and
waivers, as well as actions or inactions relating to the enforcement of rights. Such other Goldman Sachs business will
determine its vote or action considering only its own interests and will have no obligation or other duty to consider the
interests of any Advisory Accounts that elect to participate in the relevant investment opportunities. Such actions may
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benefit such other Goldman Sachs business but adversely affect participating Advisory Accounts. See “—Certain Effects of
the Activities of Goldman Sachs and Advisory Accounts” and “—Considerations Relating to Information Held by Goldman
Sachs” above for additional conflicts of interest relating to such arrangements.
Further, opportunities sourced by particular portfolio management teams within GSAM may not be allocated to Advisory
Accounts managed by such teams or by other teams. Opportunities not allocated (or not fully allocated) to Advisory
Accounts may be undertaken by Goldman Sachs (including GSAM), including for Accounts, or made available to other
Accounts or third parties. Even in the case of an opportunity received by an Advisory Account pursuant to contractual
requirements, GSAM may decide in its discretion that the Advisory Account will not participate in such opportunity for
portfolio construction reasons, due to the terms of such Advisory Account, or because GSAM determines that participation
would not be appropriate for such Advisory Account for other reasons, in which case GSAM may allocate such opportunity
to another Advisory Account. See Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management—Side-By-Side
Management of Advisory Accounts; Allocation of Opportunities.
Financial Incentives in Selling and Managing Advisory Accounts
Goldman Sachs and its personnel, including GSAM Personnel, receive benefits and earn fees and compensation for services
provided to Advisory Accounts and in connection with its distribution of Affiliated Products. Any such fees and
compensation is generally paid directly or indirectly out of the fees payable to GSAM in connection with the management
of Advisory Accounts, and, in the case of certain Goldman Sachs personnel, include commissions or commission equivalents
related to brokerage transactions effected by Goldman Sachs and its affiliates for Advisory Accounts. Commissions or
commission equivalents are generally based on gross sales production and may be paid differently depending on the
product sold. In certain cases, and as specified in the governing documents for a particular Advisory Account, such fees and
compensation are paid out of Advisory Account investors’ subscription or commitment amounts.
GSAM and GSAM Personnel have a financial incentive to allocate Advisory Account assets to Affiliated Products rather than
to accounts or Underlying Funds managed by third parties. GSAM and GSAM Personnel have a financial incentive to
recommend or select advisory products or investment strategies that will result in greater compensation and profit to
GSAM and, indirectly, to GSAM Personnel. Moreover, if permitted by the terms and conditions of the applicable Advisory
Account, a client may establish target ranges in respect of an Advisory Account’s allocation to Affiliated Products in
consultation with GSAM. GSAM is incentivized for clients to select target ranges that will result in greater allocations to
Affiliated Products that charge higher fees (including due to, or after, the application of fee offsets) than other Affiliated
Products. Please also refer to Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management, and Item 10, Other Financial
Industry Activities and Affiliations—Conflicts Relating to Relationships with Unaffiliated Advisers.
In the case of non-discretionary Advisory Accounts, if the compensation that GSAM receives from a client in respect of such
an Advisory Account is based on the amount of assets the client determines to allocate to investments recommended by
GSAM, GSAM and GSAM Personnel are incentivized to promote any such investments. Further, GSAM and GSAM Personnel
are incentivized to recommend a larger allocation to any such recommended investment than it otherwise would. In
certain cases, GSAM may agree to perform diligence on, and advise a client whether or not to participate in, a potential
investment opportunity for such client’s Advisory Account that is not otherwise made available to other Advisory Accounts
or in which other Advisory Accounts do not otherwise participate. In such cases, GSAM is generally compensated only if the
client actually invests in such potential investment, and the amount of such compensation may vary depending on the size
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of the client’s investment. In such cases, GSAM and GSAM Personnel will be incentivized to recommend such potential
investment, and to recommend a larger allocation to such potential investment, than would otherwise have been the case.
Firm Policies, Regulatory Restrictions, and Certain Other Factors Affecting Advisory Accounts
GSAM restricts its investment decisions and activities on behalf of an Advisory Account in various circumstances, including
as a result of applicable regulatory requirements, information held by GSAM or Goldman Sachs, as more fully described
below, Goldman Sachs’ roles in connection with other clients and in the capital markets (including in connection with advice
it gives to such clients or commercial arrangements or transactions that are undertaken by such clients or by Goldman
Sachs), Goldman Sachs’ internal policies and/or potential reputational risk in connection with Accounts (including Advisory
Accounts). In certain cases, GSAM will not engage in transactions or other activities for, enforce certain rights in favor of, or
recommend transactions or activities to, an Advisory Account, or can reduce an Advisory Account’s position in an
investment with limited availability to create availability for another Advisory Account managed in the same strategy, due
to Goldman Sachs’ activities outside the Advisory Account and regulatory requirements, policies and reputational risk
assessments.
In addition, in certain circumstances GSAM restricts, limits or reduces the amount of an Advisory Account's investment, or
restricts the type of governance or voting rights it acquires or exercises, where Advisory Accounts (potentially together with
Goldman Sachs and other Accounts) exceed a certain ownership interest, or possess certain degrees of voting or control or
have other interests. For example, such limitations may exist if a position or transaction could require a filing or a license or
other regulatory or corporate consent, which could, among other things, result in additional costs and disclosure
obligations for, or impose regulatory restrictions on, Goldman Sachs, including GSAM, or on other Advisory Accounts, or
where exceeding a threshold is prohibited or results in regulatory or other restrictions. In certain cases, restrictions and
limitations will be applied to avoid approaching such threshold. Circumstances in which such restrictions or limitations arise
include, without limitation: (i) a prohibition against owning more than a certain percentage of an issuer’s securities; (ii) a
“poison pill” that has a dilutive impact on the holdings of the Accounts should a threshold be exceeded; (iii) provisions that
cause Goldman Sachs to be considered an “interested stockholder” of an issuer; (iv) provisions that cause Goldman Sachs to
be considered an “affiliate” or “control person” of the issuer; and (v) the imposition by an issuer (through charter
amendment, contract or otherwise) or governmental, regulatory or self-regulatory organization (through law, rule,
regulation, interpretation or other guidance) of other restrictions or limitations. In addition, due to regulatory restrictions
(including ERISA), certain Advisory Accounts are prohibited from trading with or through Goldman Sachs, from engaging
Goldman Sachs as a service provider or from purchasing investments issued or managed by Goldman Sachs.
When faced with the foregoing limitations, Goldman Sachs will generally avoid exceeding the threshold because doing so
could have an adverse impact on the ability of GSAM or Goldman Sachs to conduct business activities. GSAM may also
reduce a particular Advisory Account’s interest in, or restrict certain Advisory Accounts from participating in, an investment
opportunity that has limited availability or where Goldman Sachs has determined to cap its aggregate investment in
consideration of certain regulatory or other requirements so that other Advisory Accounts that pursue similar investment
strategies are able to acquire an interest in the investment opportunity. In some cases, GSAM determines not to engage in
certain transactions or activities beneficial to Advisory Accounts because of reputational considerations or because
engaging in such transactions or activities in compliance with applicable law would result in significant cost to, or
administrative burden on, GSAM or create the potential risk of trade or other errors.
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In circumstances in which Advisory Accounts in which one or more registered investment funds is invested make side-by-
side investments, Goldman Sachs, acting on behalf of the Advisory Accounts, may be limited in the terms of the
transactions that it may negotiate under applicable law. In some cases, this has the effect of limiting the ability of certain
Advisory Accounts from participating in certain transactions or result in terms to Advisory Accounts that are less favorable
than would have otherwise been the case.
GSAM generally is not permitted to use material non-public information in effecting purchases and sales in transactions for
Advisory Accounts that involve public securities. GSAM may limit an activity or transaction (such as a purchase or sale
transaction or a subscription to or redemption from an Underlying Fund) which might otherwise be engaged in on behalf of
a particular Advisory Account, including as a result of information held by Goldman Sachs (including GSAM or GSAM
Personnel). For example, directors, officers and employees of Goldman Sachs may take seats on the boards of directors of,
or have board of directors observer rights with respect to, companies in which Goldman Sachs invests on behalf of Advisory
Accounts. To the extent a director, officer or employee of Goldman Sachs were to take a seat on the board of directors of,
or have board of directors observer rights with respect to, a public company, GSAM (or certain of its investment teams)
may be limited and/or restricted in its or their ability to trade in the securities of the company. In addition, any such
director, officer or employee of Goldman Sachs that is a member of the board of directors of a portfolio company may have
duties to the portfolio company in his or her capacity as a director that conflict with GSAM’s duties to Advisory Accounts,
and may act in a manner that disadvantages or otherwise harms Advisory Accounts and/or benefits the portfolio company
and/or Goldman Sachs.
In addition, GSAM may, in its sole discretion, determine to limit the information it receives in respect of an investment
opportunity to avoid receiving material non-public information. As a result, other investors may be in possession of
information in respect of investments, which, if known to GSAM, might cause GSAM to not make such investment, to seek
to dispose of, retain or increase interests in such investments, or take other actions. Any decision by GSAM to limit access
to such information may be disadvantageous to an Advisory Account.
Different areas of Goldman Sachs come into possession of material non-public information regarding an issuer of securities
held by an Advisory Account or an Underlying Fund in which an Advisory Account invests. In the absence of information
barriers between such different areas of Goldman Sachs or under certain other circumstances, the Advisory Account will be
prohibited, including by internal policies, from redeeming from or otherwise disposing of such security or such Underlying
Fund interest during the period such material non-public information is held by such other part of Goldman Sachs, which
period may be substantial. As a result, the Advisory Account would not be permitted to redeem from an Underlying Fund in
whole or in part during periods when it otherwise would have been able to do so, which could adversely affect the Advisory
Account. Other investors in the Underlying Fund that are not subject to such restrictions may be able to redeem from the
Underlying Fund during such periods.
In addition, GSAM clients may partially or fully fund a new Advisory Account with in-kind securities in which GSAM is
restricted. In such circumstances, GSAM will generally sell any such securities at the next available trading window, subject
to operational and technological limitations (unless such securities are subject to another express arrangement), requiring
such Advisory Accounts to dispose of investments at an earlier date and/or at a less favorable price than would otherwise
have been the case had GSAM not been so restricted. Advisory Accounts will be responsible for all tax liabilities that result
from any such sale transactions.
GSAM operates a program reasonably designed to ensure compliance generally with economic and trade sanctions-related
obligations applicable directly to its activities (although such obligations are not necessarily the same obligations to which
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any particular Advisory Account is subject). Such economic and trade sanctions may prohibit, among other things,
transactions with and the provision of services to, directly or indirectly, certain countries, territories, entities and
individuals. It should be expected that these economic and trade sanctions, if applicable, and the application by GSAM of
its compliance program in respect thereof, will restrict or limit an Advisory Account’s investment activities, and potentially
require GSAM to cause an Advisory Account to sell its position in a particular investment at an inopportune time and/or
when GSAM would otherwise not have done so, or to hold its position in a particular investment even though doing so
could have an adverse effect on the Advisory Account.
GSAM can determine to limit or not engage at all in transactions and activities on behalf of Advisory Accounts for
reputational, legal or other reasons. Examples of when such determinations may be made include, but are not limited to,
(i) where Goldman Sachs is providing (or may provide) advice or services to an entity involved in such activity or transaction,
(ii) where Goldman Sachs or an Account is or may be engaged in the same or a related activity or transaction to that being
considered on behalf of the Advisory Account, (iii) where Goldman Sachs or another Account has an interest in an entity
involved in such activity or transaction, (iv) where there are political, public relations, or other reputational considerations
relating to counterparties or other participants in such activity or transaction or (v) where such activity or transaction on
behalf of or in respect of the Advisory Account could affect in tangible or intangible ways Goldman Sachs, GSAM, an
Account or their activities. Please also refer to this Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Transactions—Goldman Sachs Acting in Multiple Commercial
Capacities.
Goldman Sachs has and seeks to have long-term relationships with many significant participants in the financial markets.
Goldman Sachs also has and seeks to have longstanding relationships with, and regularly provides financing, investment
banking services and other services to, a significant number of corporations and private equity sponsors, leveraged buyout
and hedge fund purchasers, and their respective senior managers, shareholders and partners. Some of these purchasers
may directly or indirectly compete with Advisory Accounts for investment opportunities. Goldman Sachs considers these
relationships, as well as client relationships and reputational considerations, in its management of Accounts. In this regard,
there may be certain investment opportunities or certain investment strategies that Goldman Sachs (i) does not undertake
on behalf of Accounts in view of these relationships, or (ii) refers to clients (in whole or in part) instead of retaining for
Accounts. Similarly, Goldman Sachs may take the existence and development of such relationships into consideration in the
management of Advisory Account portfolios. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, there may, for example, be
certain strategies involving the acquisition, management or realization of particular investments that an Advisory Account
will not employ in light of these relationships, as well as investment opportunities or strategies that an Advisory Account
will not pursue in light of their potential impact on other areas of Goldman Sachs or on Advisory Account investments or be
unable to pursue as a result of non-competition agreements or other similar undertakings made by Goldman Sachs.
Goldman Sachs will consider its client relationships and the need to preserve its reputation in its management of Advisory
Accounts and, as a result, (i) there may be certain investment opportunities or strategies that Goldman Sachs will not
undertake on behalf of Advisory Accounts or will refer to one or more Advisory Accounts but not others, (ii) there may be
certain rights or activities that Goldman Sachs will not undertake on behalf of Advisory Accounts (including in respect of
director representation and recusal), or (iii) there may be certain investments that, in certain limited circumstances, are
sold, disposed of or restructured earlier or later than otherwise expected.
In order to engage in certain transactions on behalf of Advisory Accounts, GSAM will also be subject to (or cause Advisory
Accounts to become subject to) the rules, terms and/or conditions of any venues through which it trades securities,
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derivatives or other instruments. This includes, but is not limited to, where GSAM and/or the Advisory Accounts are
required to comply with the rules of certain exchanges, execution platforms, trading facilities, clearing houses and other
venues, or are required to consent to the jurisdiction of any such venues. The rules, terms and/or conditions of any such
venue often result in GSAM and/or the Advisory Accounts being subject to, among other things, margin requirements,
additional fees and other charges, disciplinary procedures, reporting and recordkeeping, position limits and other
restrictions on trading, settlement risks and other related conditions on trading set out by such venues.
From time to time, an Advisory Account, GSAM or its affiliates and/or their service providers or agents are required, or
determine that it is advisable, to disclose certain information about an Advisory Account, including, but not limited to,
investments held by the Advisory Account, and the names and percentage interest of beneficial owners thereof, to third
parties, including Advisers, local governmental authorities, regulatory organizations, taxing authorities, markets, exchanges,
clearing facilities, custodians, brokers and trading counterparties of, or service providers to, GSAM, Advisers or Underlying
Funds or the Advisory Account. Unless agreed in the agreement governing the Advisory Account or otherwise directed by a
client, GSAM will comply with requests to disclose such information as it so determines, including through electronic
delivery platforms. In some instances, GSAM will cause the sale of certain assets for the Advisory Account at a time that is
inopportune from a pricing or other standpoint. In addition, GSAM may provide third parties with aggregated data
regarding the activities of, or certain performance or other metrics associated with, the Advisory Accounts it manages, and
GSAM will generally receive compensation from such third parties for providing them such information.
Pursuant to the BHCA, with respect to Advisory Accounts that are commingled funds in connection with which an affiliate of
GSAM acts as general partner, managing member or in certain other capacities, the periods during which certain
investments may be held are limited. As a result, such Advisory Accounts may be required to dispose of investments at an
earlier date than would otherwise have been the case had the BHCA not been applicable. In addition, under the Volcker
Rule, the size of Goldman Sachs’ and Goldman Sachs personnel’s ownership interest in certain types of funds is limited, and
certain personnel will be prohibited from retaining interests in such funds. As a result, Goldman Sachs and Goldman Sachs
personnel have been, and continue to be, required to dispose of, all or a portion of their investments in such funds through
redemptions, withdrawals, sales to third parties or affiliates, or otherwise, including at times that other investors in such
funds may not have the opportunity to dispose of their fund investments. Any such disposition of fund interests by
Goldman Sachs and Goldman Sachs personnel could reduce the alignment of interest of Goldman Sachs with other
investors in such funds and otherwise adversely affect such funds.
Goldman Sachs may become subject to additional restrictions on its business activities that could have an impact on the
Advisory Accounts’ activities. In addition, GSAM may restrict its investment decisions and activities on behalf of particular
Advisory Accounts and not other Accounts (including other Advisory Accounts).
See also Item 8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss for additional information about risks
associated with certain conflicts faced by Goldman Sachs and GSAM.
Conflicts of Interest Associated with Unaffiliated Advisers
Unaffiliated Advisers have interests and relationships that create conflicts of interest related to their management of the
accounts and Underlying Funds to which Advisory Account assets are allocated. Such conflicts of interest are in many cases
the same as or similar to those relating to GSAM in connection with its management of Advisory Accounts. However, the
Unaffiliated Advisers are subject to different and additional conflicts of interest. With respect to Advisory Accounts that are
invested directly in Underlying Funds managed by Unaffiliated Advisers, additional information about conflicts of interest
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that arise in connection with the activities of Unaffiliated Advisers of those Underlying Funds is available in the
prospectuses, offering memoranda and constituent documents of the Underlying Funds.
Conflicts Associated with Voting Rights and Advisory Committee Representation in Connection with Matters Involving
Goldman Sachs Advisory Services and Goldman Sachs Proprietary Investments
As discussed in “—Participation or Interest in Client Transactions” above, Goldman Sachs is a worldwide, full-service
investment banking, broker-dealer, asset management and financial services organization and a major participant in global
financial markets. In connection with an investment in an Underlying Fund, Advisory Accounts that are a pooled investment
vehicles (or representative of such Advisory Accounts on an Underlying Fund LPAC) may have the opportunity to vote on or
consent to a matter where other Goldman Sachs business lines are also involved in the matter. This includes situations
where Goldman Sachs is providing investment banking services to an Adviser or other third-party and situations where
Goldman Sachs may be investing (or has already invested) in parties to a transaction.
In addition, Goldman Sachs may determine that Advisory Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles will not vote on a
matter involving advice provided by Goldman Sachs or Goldman Sachs investing as a proprietary investor. Similarly,
representatives of such Advisory Accounts on Underlying Fund LPACs may recuse themselves from any consideration of the
relevant matter. If such an Advisory Account abstains from a vote or a representative on an Underlying Fund LPAC recusing
himself or herself, this will result in the Advisory Account not being able to exercise any vote on the matter, including if the
matter would be adverse to the Advisory Account.
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices
BROKER-DEALER SELECTION
General
GSAM places orders for the execution of transactions for Advisory Accounts according to its best execution policies and
procedures. Subject to any specific instructions that GSAM accepts from clients, GSAM may take into account a range of
factors in deciding how to execute client orders, including, but not limited to, price; costs; timing and speed of execution;
responsiveness; track record; quality of service; confidentiality; creditworthiness and financial stability; likelihood of, and
capabilities in, execution, clearance and settlement; size; liquidity in or with an execution venue; nature; in certain
circumstances, a broker’s or counterparty’s willingness to commit capital and, where permitted by applicable law, the
provision of research and “soft dollar” benefits as described below; and other appropriate factors. Best price, giving effect
to commissions and commission equivalents (if any) and other transaction costs, is normally an important factor in deciding
how to execute transactions, but, in consideration of other relevant factors and due to applicable legal and/or regulatory
restrictions, transactions will not always be executed at the lowest available price or commission or commission equivalents
(if any). In determining the relative importance of factors considered, GSAM takes into account the size and nature of client
orders, the characteristics of the financial instruments to which the order relates, the current market conditions, and the
characteristics of the available brokers or counterparties which can be used or to which client orders can be directed.
When selecting or recommending a broker-dealer, GSAM does not consider whether it or any of its affiliates receives client
referrals from that broker-dealer.
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The reasonableness of commissions or commission equivalents for non-client-directed trade execution is evaluated by
GSAM on an ongoing basis based on many factors, including the general level of compensation paid and, in certain cases,
the nature and value of research and other services provided. GSAM executes transactions through GS&Co. or other
affiliates in certain circumstances to the extent consistent with applicable law, with client instruction, and with its duty to
seek best execution. With respect to an Advisory Account that is subject to Section 11(a) of the 1934 Act, GSAM is
permitted to execute transactions on a national securities exchange through GS&Co. or other affiliated broker-dealers only
upon express authorization from such Advisory Account and in accordance with the requirements of rule 11a2-2(T) under
the 1934 Act.
When placing orders with any broker or counterparty, including its affiliates, GSAM may, in accordance with applicable law,
give permission for such broker to trade along with or ahead of Advisory Account orders (i.e., determine not to opt-in to the
protections afforded under Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Rule 5320). When acting as agent or counterparty,
GSAM’s affiliate will generally charge the client a commission, mark-up, mark-down, or other commission equivalent.
Advisers that are hired by GSAM on behalf of XIG clients or Manager of Manager Accounts, or Advisory Accounts, or that
manage the Underlying Funds in which XIG Program Funds invest will have discretionary authority to execute transactions
on behalf of clients consistent with best execution obligations.
For Managed Account Services, the Plan Sponsor, WMA Institution or other third-party fiduciary is responsible for
determining whether to make the Managed Account Services available to Enrolled Participants and for directing GSAM to
use the recordkeeper, broker-dealer, and/or custodian selected by the Plan Sponsor, WMA Institution or other third-party
fiduciary. GSAM is not responsible for selecting, and does not make recommendations about the selection of, the Managed
Account Services for Enrolled Participants or the recordkeeper, broker-dealer or custodian used with respect to Managed
Account Services.
To the extent that transactions are effected through broker-dealers, those broker-dealers, including Goldman Sachs, may have
commercial interests in transactions that are adverse to Advisory Accounts, such as obtaining favorable commission rates,
mark-ups and mark-downs, other commission equivalents and lending rates and arrangements. No accounting to Advisory
Accounts will be required, and broker-dealers including Goldman Sachs will be entitled to retain all such fees and other
amounts and no advisory fees or other compensation will be reduced thereby.
Wrap Fee Programs
Where GSAM is retained as investment adviser under Wrap Programs sponsored by broker-dealers or other financial
institutions, including GSAM’s affiliates, GSAM does not negotiate on the client’s behalf brokerage commissions for the
execution of transactions in the client’s account that are executed by or through the Sponsor. These commissions are
generally included in the “wrap” fee charged by the Sponsor, although certain execution costs are typically not included in
this fee and are, in certain cases, charged to the client (including but not limited to dealer spreads, certain dealer mark-ups
or mark-downs on principal trades, fees and other expenses related to transactions in depository receipts, including fees
associated with foreign ordinary conversion, creation fees charged by third parties and foreign tax charges, auction fees,
fees charged by exchanges on a per transaction basis, other charges mandated by law, and certain other execution costs).
Also, where GSAM is retained as investment adviser under a Wrap Program, GSAM in certain cases has discretion to select
broker-dealers to execute trades for the Wrap Program Advisory Accounts it manages. However, GSAM generally places
such trades through the Sponsor because the wrap fee paid by each Wrap Program client typically only covers execution
costs on trades executed through the Sponsor or its affiliates. In some cases, GSAM may determine that best execution
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may be sought through a broker-dealer other than the Sponsor, including potentially a Goldman Sachs affiliate. In other
cases, GSAM Wrap Program clients may partially or fully fund a new Wrap Program Advisory Account with in-kind securities
in which the Sponsor is restricted from trading, requiring GSAM to select a broker-dealer other than the Sponsor to trade
such securities. If GSAM selects a broker-dealer other than the Sponsor or its affiliates to effect a trade for a Wrap Program
account, any execution costs charged by that other broker-dealer typically will be paid as an additional cost by the client’s
account. GSAM generally does not monitor, evaluate or influence the nature and quality of the best execution and other
services clients obtain from the Sponsors, its affiliates or other broker-dealers that execute trades for Wrap Program clients.
To the extent that the Sponsor is an affiliate of GSAM, Goldman Sachs will benefit from increased order flow.
For more information, see the brochure for the relevant Sponsor of the Wrap Program, Item 4, Advisory Business and this
Item 12, Brokerage Practices—Aggregation of Orders, below.
Counterparty Credit Requirements
An Advisory Account will be required to establish business relationships with its counterparties based on its own credit
standing. Goldman Sachs, including GSAM, will not have any obligation or other duty to allow its credit to be used in
connection with an Advisory Account’s establishment of its business relationships, nor is it expected that an Advisory
Account’s counterparties will rely on the credit of Goldman Sachs in evaluating the Advisory Account’s creditworthiness.
Broker-Dealer Selection Considerations Relating to the Allocation of Assets to Underlying Funds or Advisers
If GSAM allocates assets to an Adviser through a separately managed account or similar structure, the Adviser will generally
have the authority to select prime brokers and other trading counterparties, clearing members and service providers
(including, subject to applicable law, affiliates of GSAM) through which to clear transactions, subject to a set of objective
criteria established by GSAM. GSAM generally allows these Advisers to select executing brokers as long as the relevant
clearing member or prime broker, as applicable, can accommodate and properly clear and report such transactions.
Advisers generally are expected to seek best execution considering price, commissions and commission equivalents, other
transaction costs, quality of brokerage services, financing arrangements, creditworthiness and financial stability, financial
responsibility and strength and clearance and settlement capability. Subject to the Advisers’ best execution obligations,
and to the extent permitted by applicable law and their internal policies, Advisers may select entities within Goldman Sachs
to act as a broker, clearing member or dealer with respect to the accounts of their clients.
RESEARCH AND OTHER SOFT DOLLAR BENEFITS
Subject to applicable law, GSAM often selects U.S. and non-U.S. broker-dealers (including GSAM’s affiliates) that furnish
GSAM, Advisory Accounts, GSAM affiliates and personnel involved in decision-making for Advisory Accounts with
proprietary or third-party brokerage and research services (collectively, “brokerage and research services”) that provide, in
GSAM’s view, appropriate assistance to GSAM in the investment decision-making process. These brokerage and research
services could be bundled with the trade execution, clearing, or settlement services provided by a particular broker-dealer
and, subject to applicable law, GSAM may pay for such brokerage and research services with client commissions (or “soft
dollars”). The types of brokerage and research services that GSAM acquired with client brokerage commissions within
GSAM’s last fiscal year, which may vary among Registrants including as a result of applicable law, included: research reports
on companies, industries, and securities (including proprietary research from affiliated and unaffiliated broker-dealers, as
well as independent research providers); economic, market and financial data; access to broker-dealer analysts, corporate
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executives and industry experts; attendance at trade industry seminars and broker organized conferences; and services
related to effecting securities transactions and functions incident thereto (such as clearance and settlement).
When GSAM uses client commissions to obtain brokerage and research services, GSAM receives a benefit because GSAM
does not have to produce or pay for the brokerage and research services itself. As a result, GSAM will have an incentive to
select or recommend a broker-dealer based on GSAM’s interest in receiving the brokerage and research services from that
broker-dealer, rather than solely on its clients’ interest in receiving the best price or commission. In addition, where GSAM
uses client commissions to obtain proprietary research services from an affiliate, GSAM will have an incentive to allocate
more “soft” or commission dollars to pay for those services. However, when selecting broker-dealers that provide
brokerage and research services, including its affiliates, GSAM is obligated to determine in good faith that the
“commissions” (as broadly defined by the SEC to include a mark-up, mark-down, commission equivalent or other fee in
certain circumstances) to be paid to broker-dealers are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research
services they provide to GSAM. The reasonableness of these commissions will be viewed in terms of the particular
transactions or GSAM’s overall responsibilities to Advisory Accounts over which it exercises investment discretion, even
though that broker-dealer itself, or another broker-dealer, might be willing to execute the transactions at a lower
commission. Accordingly, transactions will not always be executed at the most favorable available price or commission and
GSAM in certain cases causes clients to pay commissions higher than those charged by other broker-dealers as a result of
the soft dollar benefits received by GSAM.
GSAM’s evaluation of the brokerage and research services provided by a broker-dealer is in certain cases a significant factor
in selecting a broker-dealer to effect transactions. For this purpose, GSAM has established a voting process in which certain
portfolio management teams participate pursuant to which personnel rate broker-dealers that supply them with brokerage
and research services. Subject to GSAM’s duty to seek best execution and applicable laws and regulations, GSAM allocates
Advisory Account trading among broker-dealers in accordance with the outcome of the voting process.
Arrangements under which GSAM receives brokerage and research services vary by product, strategy, account or applicable
law in the jurisdictions in which GSAM conducts business.
Subject to applicable law, GSAM participates in so-called “commission sharing arrangements” and “client commission
arrangements” under which GSAM executes transactions through a broker-dealer, including an affiliate, and requests that
the broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions or commission credits to another firm, including an affiliate, that
provides research to GSAM. Participating in commission sharing and client commission arrangements may enable GSAM to
consolidate payments for brokerage and research services through one or more channels using accumulated client
commissions or credits from transactions executed through a particular broker-dealer to obtain brokerage and research
services provided by other firms. Such arrangements also help to ensure the continued receipt of brokerage and research
services while facilitating GSAM’s ability to seek best execution in the trading process. GSAM believes such arrangements
are useful in its investment decision-making process by, among other things, ensuring access to a variety of high quality
research, access to individual analysts and availability of resources that GSAM might not be provided access to absent such
arrangements. Commission sharing and client commission arrangements may be subject to different legal requirements or
restrictions in different jurisdictions. Generally, GSAM excludes from use under these arrangements those products and
services that are not eligible under applicable regulatory interpretations, even where a portion would be eligible if
accounted for separately.
Advisory Accounts differ with regard to whether and to what extent they pay for research and brokerage services through
commissions and, subject to applicable law, brokerage and research services may be used to service any or all Advisory
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Accounts throughout GSAM, including Advisory Accounts that do not pay commissions to the broker-dealer relating to the
brokerage and research service arrangements. As a result, brokerage and research services (including soft dollar benefits)
may disproportionately benefit some Advisory Accounts relative to other Advisory Accounts based on the relative amount
of commissions paid by the Advisory Accounts and in particular those Advisory Accounts that do not pay for research and
brokerage services or do so to a lesser extent, including in connection with the establishment of maximum budgets for
research costs (and switching to execution-only pricing when maximums are met), as described below. For example,
research that is paid for through one client’s commissions may not be used in managing that client’s account, but may be
used in managing other Advisory Accounts within GSAM.
In connection with these practices, subject to applicable law and GSAM’s policies and procedures, brokerage and research
services obtained through commissions paid by a client or clients whose accounts are managed by a particular portfolio
management team within GSAM are shared with, and used partially or exclusively by, other portfolio management
personnel within GSAM, including portfolio management personnel of the same or a different Registrant, or portfolio
management personnel of GSAM’s affiliates. Except as required by applicable law, GSAM does not attempt to allocate soft
dollar benefits proportionately among clients or to track the benefits of brokerage and research services to the
commissions associated with a particular Account or group of Accounts.
In connection with receiving brokerage and research services from broker-dealers, GSAM may receive “mixed use” services
where a portion of the service assists GSAM in its investment decision-making process and a portion is used for other
purposes. Where a service has a mixed use, GSAM will make a reasonable allocation of its cost according to its use and will
use client commissions to pay only for the portion of the product or service that assists GSAM in its investment decision-
making process. GSAM has an incentive to underestimate the extent of any “mixed use” or allocate the costs to uses that
assist GSAM in its investment decision-making process because GSAM may pay for such costs with client commissions
rather than GSAM’s own resources.
Although, as described above, GSAM may pay for such brokerage and research services with client commissions, there are
instances or situations in which such practices are subject to restrictions under applicable law. The European Union’s
Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (“MiFID II”) restricts European Union domiciled investment advisers from
receiving research and other materials that do not qualify as “acceptable minor non-monetary benefits” from broker-
dealers unless the research or materials are paid for by the investment advisers from their own resources or from research
payment accounts funded by and with the agreement of their clients.
GSAMI is subject to MiFID II and pays for the research and other materials (other than “acceptable minor non-monetary
benefits”) that such entity or its European investment advisory affiliates, as applicable, uses from its own resources to the
extent required by MiFID II.
GSAM is not directly subject to MiFID II but has agreed with GSAMI, with reference to Advisory Accounts delegated to
GSAM by GSAMI, to implement certain controls and arrangements designed to secure, to GSAMI’s satisfaction in its
oversight of GSAM’s delegate functions, substantively equivalent outcomes (i.e., equivalent to those outcomes which MiFID
II is designed to achieve and to which GSAMI is directly subject). This consists primarily of the introduction of a process for
establishing maximum budgets for research costs (and switching to execution-only pricing when maximums are met),
enhancements to the process for valuing research inputs, and excluding the provision of research as a significant factor
(taken as a whole) in order routing and/or the selection of brokers. While GSAM will seek to estimate its research costs in
good faith and in accordance with its policies and procedures, the actual costs of such research may be higher or lower than
estimated, and GSAM faces conflicts of interest in estimating such costs.
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In the context of Manager of Manager Accounts and the Underlying Funds in which XIG Program Funds invest, the Advisers
to the Underlying Funds and separately managed accounts may also engage in client commission sharing and similar
arrangements and those arrangements may be broader and may raise conflicts other than those described above.
GSAM also receives benefits from the custodian for its Retail Managed Account Services Enrolled Participants, although
trades for such Enrolled Participants executed through the custodian are not subject to commission, transaction charges, or
prime brokerage fees. See Item 5, Fees and Compensation—Other Fees and Expenses—Retail Managed Account Services
Fees for additional information regarding fees and expenses charged to Retail Managed Account Services Enrolled
Participants. Such benefits include trading tools and access to a third-party trade order execution management system.
Access to this system allows GSAM use of certain algorithmic trading and direct market access systems, and also provides
GSAM with the ability to route and execute Enrolled Participant trade orders through other broker-dealers. These benefits
reduce the administrative costs of GSAM.
BROKERAGE FOR CLIENT REFERRALS
GSAM selects broker-dealers, including its affiliates, to provide prime brokerage services to certain Advisory Accounts.
Conflicts arise when GSAM selects prime brokers. Prime brokerage firms often introduce prospective clients to GSAM,
which creates incentives for or benefits to GSAM to select these prime brokerage firms. GSAM selects such firms only when
consistent with obtaining appropriate services for Advisory Account clients.
DIRECTED BROKERAGE
General
GSAM generally has the discretionary authority to determine and direct execution of portfolio transactions for discretionary
investments made by GSAM on an Advisory Account’s behalf without prior consultation with the Advisory Account on a
transaction-by-transaction basis. Advisory Accounts may limit GSAM’s discretionary authority in terms of the selection of
broker-dealers or other terms of brokerage arrangements. From time to time, Advisory Accounts may also retain GSAM on
a non-discretionary basis, requiring that portfolio transactions, and their execution, be discussed in advance and executed
at the Advisory Account’s direction.
Advisory Accounts may, subject to agreement with GSAM and such limitations as may be imposed by GSAM, direct
brokerage as part of their participation in a commission recapture program, or for other reasons. These arrangements may
involve a client direction to GSAM to place transactions on behalf of an Advisory Account with a particular broker-dealer,
including an affiliate of GSAM, or to use a specific execution venue or exchange. Advisory Account directions may be part
of an arrangement between an Advisory Account and the relevant broker-dealer or as a result of Advisory Account
preferences.
GSAM only accepts an Advisory Account’s reasonable directed brokerage instructions (including for commission recapture
arrangements) pursuant to appropriate written direction, including representations that may be requested from Advisory
Accounts. In considering whether a request to direct brokerage for an Advisory Account can be accommodated, GSAM will
consider any operational or other concerns regarding the designated broker-dealer. GSAM may, in its sole discretion, seek
to accommodate an Advisory Account’s direction by arranging “step outs” to the client’s designated broker-dealers from an
aggregate order on behalf of the directing Advisory Account and other Advisory Accounts.
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GSAM may agree to seek to accommodate direction requests only with respect to a limited percentage (or “target”) of
certain Advisory Accounts’ overall trades. There can be no guarantee that any target will be achieved, and some directing
Advisory Accounts may have a greater proportion of their targets achieved than others. GSAM reserves the right to decline
directed brokerage instructions where it believes such trading direction could interfere with its fiduciary duties, or for other
reasons, determined in GSAM’s sole discretion.
Certain Effects of Directed Brokerage on Directing Advisory Accounts
Where an Advisory Account directs the use of a particular broker-dealer or restricts the use of certain broker-dealers, it is
possible that GSAM may be unable to achieve most favorable execution of Advisory Account transactions, and the Advisory
Account may be disadvantaged as a result of a less favorable execution price and/or higher commissions. GSAM does not
typically evaluate or monitor the nature and/or quality of the services that directing Advisory Accounts receive through
their directed arrangements. In addition, less favorable execution prices and/or higher commissions could result from the
Advisory Account’s inability to participate in aggregate orders or other reasons.
GSAM may effect transactions through an Advisory Account’s directed broker-dealer at the commission rates agreed to by
the Advisory Account with the directed broker-dealer or at the directed broker-dealer’s standard rate if no specific rate has
been negotiated. Such rates may be higher than the rate GSAM may have obtained if GSAM had full brokerage discretion.
Advisory Accounts that direct brokerage may have execution of their orders delayed, since, in an effort to achieve orderly
execution of transactions, execution of orders for Advisory Accounts that have directed GSAM to use particular broker-
dealers may, in certain circumstances, be made after GSAM completes the execution of non-directed orders. This delay
may negatively affect the price paid or received in the purchase or sale of securities, respectively, by an Advisory Account
electing to direct brokerage.
An Advisory Account might not be able to participate in certain investment opportunities because the Advisory Account’s
directed broker-dealer may not have access to certain securities, such as new issues. For certain securities, it may be to an
Advisory Account’s advantage to transact with the broker-dealer who is a market-maker in the security. In addition, not all
broker-dealers have the systems or expertise to effectively process transactions that may be beneficial for an Advisory
Account. Any of these factors could negatively impact an Advisory Account’s performance.
GSAM may effect transactions for Advisory Accounts that direct brokerage or restrict the use of certain broker-dealers in
so-called “dark pools” and other private trading venues or arrangements in which buyers and sellers do not reveal their
identities. In such cases, GSAM will not have visibility into or control over the particular broker-dealers through which such
transactions are effected, and such transactions may be effected with a broker-dealer other than the Advisory Account’s
directed broker-dealer, with a broker-dealer that the Advisory Account has directed GSAM not to utilize. Such broker-
dealers may be affiliated or unaffiliated with GSAM.
Certain Effects of Directed Brokerage on Non-Directing Advisory Accounts
Directed brokerage may adversely affect the ability of GSAM to most efficiently manage client assets and execute trading
strategies of non-directing Advisory Accounts. Trades with directed brokers do not provide “soft” dollar benefits, such as
research, to GSAM and its Advisory Accounts as described above in this Item 12, Brokerage Practices—Research and Other
Soft Dollar Benefits, so that Advisory Accounts directing brokerage will not bear the proportionate cost of such research but
may nonetheless benefit from the research. Moreover, directed brokerage may reduce the ability of GSAM to negotiate
volume discounts on brokerage and otherwise achieve benefits from larger trades.
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AGGREGATION OF ORDERS
GSAM seeks to execute orders for its clients fairly and equitably over time. GSAM follows policies and procedures pursuant
to which it is able (but not required) to combine or aggregate purchase or sale orders for the same security or other
instrument for multiple Accounts (including Accounts in which Goldman Sachs or its personnel has an interest) (sometimes
referred to as “bunching”), so that the orders can be executed at the same time and block trade treatment of any such
orders can be elected when available. GS&Co. may also determine whether to permit the executing broker (whether
GS&Co. or an unaffiliated broker) to trade along with client orders, subject to applicable law. GSAM aggregates orders
when GSAM considers doing so to be operationally feasible and appropriate and in the interests of its clients and may elect
block trade treatment, when available. In addition, under certain circumstances orders for Advisory Accounts may be
aggregated with orders for accounts that contain Goldman Sachs assets. These circumstances may include, without
limitation, when developing products that demonstrate client-experience track records; when managing accounts in a
commercially reasonable manner for clients (which may be affiliates but are engaging GSAM to act as an independent
commercial money manager); or when aggregating will have a de minimis effect on the performance of client accounts
(e.g., where the size of the account relative to the size of the market makes aggregation not material). In addition, order
aggregation may effectively occur within an Advisory Account, such as a pooled investment vehicle, in which Goldman
Sachs and other Accounts have an interest. The particular procedures followed may differ depending on the particular
strategy or type of investment.
When Advisory Account orders are aggregated, the orders will be placed with one or more broker-dealers or other
counterparties for execution. When a bunched order or block trade is completely filled, or, if the order is only partially
filled, at the end of the day, GSAM generally will allocate the securities or other instruments purchased or the proceeds of
any sale pro rata among the participating Accounts, based on the Advisory Accounts’ relative size. Adjustments or changes
may be made under certain circumstances, such as to avoid odd lots or small allocations or to satisfy account cash flows
and guidelines. Please see Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management, Side-by-Side Management of
Advisory Accounts; Allocation of Opportunities for additional information about GSAM’s investment allocation policies. If
the order at a particular broker-dealer or other counterparty is filled at several different prices, through multiple trades,
generally all participating accounts will receive the average price and pay the average commission, subject to odd lots,
rounding, and market practice. There may be instances in which not all Advisory Accounts are charged the same
commission or commission equivalent rates in a bunched or aggregated order, including minimum denomination
requirements and restrictions under applicable law on the use of client commissions to pay for research services.
Although it may do so in certain circumstances, GSAM does not always bunch or aggregate orders for different Advisory
Accounts, elect block trade treatment or net buy and sell orders for the same Advisory Account, if portfolio management
decisions relating to the orders are made by different portfolio management teams or if different portfolio management
processes are used for different account types, if bunching, aggregating, electing block trade treatment or netting is not
appropriate or practicable from GSAM’s operational or other perspectives or if doing so would not be appropriate in light of
applicable regulatory considerations, which may differ among Advisory Accounts. For example, time zone differences,
trading instructions, cash flows, separate trading desks or portfolio management processes, among other factors, may
result in separate, non-aggregated, non-netted executions, with orders in the same instrument being entered for different
Advisory Accounts at different times or, in the case of netting, buy and sell trades for the same instrument being entered
for the same Advisory Account. Where GSAM’s services are provided to an Advisory Account through a Wrap Program,
GSAM generally will not aggregate orders for those Advisory Accounts with orders for other Advisory Accounts or elect
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block treatment for those Advisory Accounts. However, orders for different Wrap Programs may be aggregated, or block
treatment may be elected, to the extent that the programs utilize the same executing broker-dealer or other counterparty.
GSAM may be able to negotiate a better price and lower commission rate on aggregated orders than on orders for Advisory
Accounts that are not aggregated, and incur lower transaction costs on netted orders than orders that are not netted.
GSAM is under no obligation or other duty to aggregate or net for particular orders. Where orders for an Advisory Account
are not aggregated with other orders, including Wrap Program Advisory Accounts and directed brokerage accounts, or not
netted against orders for the Advisory Account or other Advisory Accounts, the Advisory Account will not benefit from a
better price and lower commission rate or lower transaction cost that might have been available had the orders been
aggregated or netted. Aggregation and netting of orders may disproportionately benefit some Advisory Accounts relative
to other Advisory Accounts due to the relative amount of market savings obtained by the Advisory Accounts. GSAM may
aggregate orders of Advisory Accounts that are subject to MiFID II (“MiFID II Advisory Accounts”) with orders of Advisory
Accounts not subject to MiFID II, including those that generate soft dollar commissions and those that restrict the use of
soft dollars. All Advisory Accounts included in an aggregated order with MiFID II Advisory Accounts pay (or receive) the
same average price for the security and the same execution costs (measured by rate). However, MiFID II Advisory Accounts
included in an aggregated order may pay commissions at “execution-only” rates below the total commission rates paid by
Advisory Accounts included in the aggregated order that are not subject to MiFID II.
GSAM may sequence or rotate transactions using allocation policies to determine which type of account is to be traded in
which order. Under this policy, each portfolio management team may determine the length of its trade rotation period and
the sequencing schedule for different categories of clients within this period, provided that the trading periods and these
sequencing schedules are designed to be reasonable. Within a given trading period, the sequencing schedule establishes
when and how frequently a given client category will trade first in the order of rotation. GSAM may deviate from the
predetermined sequencing schedule under certain circumstances, including, for example, where it is not practical for Wrap
Program Advisory Accounts to participate in certain types of trades, when there are unusually long delays in a given Wrap
Program Sponsor’s execution of a particular trade or when other unusual circumstances arise. In addition, a portfolio
management team may provide instructions simultaneously regarding the placement of a trade in lieu of the
predetermined sequencing schedule if the trade represents a relatively small proportion of the average daily trading
volume of the particular security or other instrument.
ACCOUNT ERRORS AND ERROR RESOLUTION
GSAM has policies and procedures to help it assess and determine, consistent with applicable standards of care and client
documentation, when reimbursement is due by it to a client because GSAM has committed an error. Pursuant to GSAM’s
policies, an error is generally compensable from GSAM to a client when it is a mistake (whether an action or inaction) in
which GSAM has, in GSAM’s reasonable view, deviated from the applicable standard of care in managing the client’s assets,
subject to materiality and other considerations set forth below.
Consistent with the applicable standard of care, GSAM’s policies and its investment management agreements generally do
not require perfect implementation of investment management decisions, trading, processing or other functions performed
by GSAM or its affiliates. Therefore, not all mistakes will be considered compensable to the client. Imperfections, including
without limitation, imperfection in the implementation of investment decisions, quantitative strategies or methods (as
applicable), financial modeling, trade execution, cash movements, portfolio rebalancing, processing instructions or
facilitation of securities settlement, imperfection in processing corporate actions, or imperfection in the generation of cash
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or holdings reports resulting in trade decisions are generally not considered by GSAM to be violations of the applicable
standards of care regardless of whether implemented through programs, models, tools or otherwise. As a result,
imperfections, including, without limitation, incidents involving a mistaken amount or timing of an investment, or timing or
direction of a trade (as applicable), may not constitute compensable errors.
For example, GSAM investment professionals are typically expected to exercise discretion to generally effect the portfolio
management team’s investment intent in the best interests of the client including, without limitation, with respect to the
execution of trade requests or the implementation of quantitative strategies or methods (as applicable). Regardless of
whether the portfolio management team specifies a fixed quantity of a particular security to be purchased or sold, or
provides a date by which a trade is to be completed, instances in which an investment professional executes a trade that
results in a portfolio position that is different from the exposure intended by the portfolio management team (whether
specified on a trade ticket or not) will generally not be considered compensable errors unless the trade or transaction
results in a portfolio position that violates investment guidelines of the client or is substantially inconsistent with the
portfolio management team’s investment intent. Similarly, imperfections in the implementation of investment strategies,
including quantitative strategies (e.g., coding errors), that do not result in material departures from the intent of the
portfolio management team will generally not be considered compensable errors. In addition, in managing accounts, GSAM
may establish non-public, formal or informal internal targets, guidelines or other parameters that may be used to manage
risk, manage sub-advisers or otherwise guide decision-making, and a failure to adhere to such internal parameters will not
be considered an error. A failure on GSAM’s part to recognize a client cash flow will generally not be considered a
compensable error unless GSAM fails to recognize the cash flow within a reasonable period of time from the delivery date
specified in the client’s notification to GSAM. The purchase of a security for which the client is ineligible under the issuer’s
prospectus, offering documents or other issuer-related rules or documentation generally will not be considered a
compensable error to the extent that the purchase does not also violate a client guideline, regardless of whether GSAM
maintains or exits the position after becoming aware of the ineligibility. Mistakes may also occur in connection with other
activities that may be undertaken by GSAM and its affiliates, such as net asset value calculation, transfer agent activities
(i.e., processing subscriptions and redemptions), fund accounting, trade recording and settlement and other matters that
are non-advisory in nature and may not be compensable unless they deviate from the applicable standards of care.
Incidents resulting from the mistakes of third parties, including agents of GSAM and its affiliates, are generally not
compensable from GSAM to a client.
Incidents may result in gains as well as losses. In certain circumstances, GSAM may determine that the gains or losses
associated with these incidents will be treated as being for a client’s account (i.e., clients will bear the loss or benefit from
the gain). In other circumstances, however, GSAM may determine that it is appropriate to reallocate or remove gains or
losses from the client’s account that are the result of an incident. If the position associated with an error is moved to the
error account, GSAM can determine to keep any gains associated with the position.
GSAM makes its determinations pursuant to its error policies on a case-by-case basis, in its discretion, based on factors it
considers reasonable. Relevant facts and circumstances GSAM may consider include, among others, the nature of the
service being provided at the time of the incident, whether intervening causes, including the action or inaction of third
parties, caused or contributed to the incident, specific applicable contractual and legal restrictions and standards of care,
whether a client’s investment objective was contravened, the nature of a client’s investment program, whether a
contractual guideline was violated, the nature and materiality of the relevant circumstances, and the materiality of any
resulting losses. The determination by GSAM to treat (or not to treat) an incident as compensable, and any calculation of
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compensation in respect thereof for any one fund or account sponsored, managed or advised by GSAM may differ from the
determination and calculation made by GSAM in respect of one or more other funds or accounts. Additional information
about the resolution of and compensation for incidents is available upon request.
When GSAM determines that compensation by GSAM is appropriate, the client will be compensated as determined in good
faith by GSAM. GSAM will determine the amount to be reimbursed, if any, based on what it considers reasonable
guidelines regarding these matters in light of all of the facts and circumstances related to the incident. In general,
compensation is expected to be limited to direct and actual losses, which may be calculated relative to comparable
conforming investments, market factors and benchmarks and with reference to other factors GSAM considers relevant.
Compensation generally will not include any amounts or measures that GSAM considers to be speculative or uncertain,
including potential opportunity losses resulting from delayed investment or sale as a result of correcting an error or other
forms of consequential or indirect losses. In calculating any reimbursement amount, GSAM generally will not consider tax
implications for, or the tax status of, any affected client. GSAM expects that, subject to its discretion, losses will be netted
with an account’s gains arising from a single incident or a series of related incidents (including, for the avoidance of doubt,
incidents stemming from the same root cause) and will not exceed amounts in relation to an appropriate replacement
investment, benchmark or other relevant product returns. Losses may also be capped at the value of the actual loss,
particularly when the outcome of a differing investment would in GSAM’s view be speculative or uncertain or in light of
reasonable equitable considerations. As a result, compensation is expected to be limited to the lesser of actual losses or
losses in relation to comparable investments, benchmarks or other relevant factors. Furthermore, GSAM expects to follow
a materiality policy with respect to client accounts. Therefore, in certain circumstances, mistakes that result in losses below
a threshold will not be compensable.
GSAM may also consider whether it is possible to adequately address a mistake through cancellation, correction,
reallocation of losses and gains or other means.
In general it is GSAM’s policy to notify clients of incidents corrected post-settlement that violate a client guideline and
certain errors that result in a loss to the client and are otherwise compensable. Generally, GSAM will not notify clients of
non-compensable incidents. In addition, separate account clients will not be notified of incidents if the resulting loss is less
than $1,000. Investors in a pooled investment vehicle will generally not be notified of the occurrence of an incident or the
resolution thereof. Additional information about resolution of and compensation for incidents is available upon request
and may be set forth in the prospectuses or other relevant offering documents of GSAM-managed pooled investment
vehicles. GSAM may at any time, in its sole discretion and without notice to investors, amend or supplement its policies
with respect to account errors and error resolution.
Item 13 – Review of Accounts
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Senior members of GSAM’s portfolio management teams periodically review Advisory Accounts. They conduct the review
either individually or in a group, depending upon account needs and market conditions.
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Reviews of Advisory Accounts include a review of the Advisory Account’s performance, investment objectives, security
positions and other investment opportunities, as well as portfolio guidelines and liquidity requirements, if applicable.
Additional reviews may be undertaken at the discretion of GSAM.
Compliance with investment guidelines for Advisory Accounts is generally judged at time of purchase of securities or other
investments. However, from time to time, there may exist certain circumstances when compliance with applicable
investment guidelines will be tested as of the next occurring post-trade compliance check conducted in a relevant
jurisdiction of the Advisory Account (e.g., transactions executed in multiple time zones).
FACTORS TRIGGERING A REVIEW
In addition to periodic reviews, GSAM performs reviews of separately managed accounts as it deems appropriate or as
otherwise required. Additional reviews may be undertaken for reasons including changes in market conditions, changes in
security positions or changes in a client’s investment objective or policies.
CLIENT REPORTS
GSAM provides advisory clients who have separately managed accounts with written reports on a quarterly basis or as
otherwise agreed to with the client, which may be available through client-dedicated web access. These reports generally
include, among other things, a summary of all activity in the client account, including all purchases and sales of securities
and any debits and credits to the account, a summary of holdings including a portfolio valuation, and the change in value of
the account during the reporting period.
Investors in GSAM-managed private pooled investment vehicles receive certain periodic reports, which may include written
individualized capital information, annual reports, monthly net asset value statements, and annual audited financial
statements and cash flow statements.
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation
COMPENSATION FOR CLIENT REFERRALS
General
From time to time, the Registrants may make payments for client referrals to affiliated and unaffiliated persons in
accordance with applicable laws.
Referrals by Affiliates
In certain circumstances, and in accordance with applicable laws, a particular Registrant (or a particular business unit within
a Registrant) or an affiliate of the Registrants will refer clients to another Registrant (or another business unit within the
same or a different Registrant). Payment for any such referrals may take the form of cash or non-cash compensation
(including a reduction of management fees or performance-based compensation).
Intermediaries and Other Third Parties
Goldman Sachs or the Advisory Accounts have in the past made, and may in the future make, payments to authorized
dealers and other financial intermediaries and to salespersons (collectively, “Intermediaries”) to promote the Advisory
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Accounts or other products. These payments may be made out of Goldman Sachs’ assets or amounts payable to Goldman
Sachs. These payments create an incentive for an Intermediary to highlight, feature or recommend Advisory Accounts.
Subject to applicable law and regulations, such payments may compensate Intermediaries for, among other things:
marketing the Advisory Accounts and other products (which may consist of payments resulting in or relating to the
inclusion of Advisory Accounts and other products on preferred or recommended fund lists or in certain sales programs
sponsored by the Intermediaries); access to the Intermediaries’ registered representatives or salespersons, including at
conferences and other meetings; assistance in training and education of personnel of Goldman Sachs; fees for directing
investors to the Advisory Accounts and other products; “finders fees” or “referral fees” or other fees for providing
assistance in promoting the Advisory Accounts and other products (which may include promotions in communications with
the Intermediaries’ customers, registered representatives and salespersons); various non-cash and cash incentive
arrangements to promote certain products, as well as sponsor various educational programs, sales contests and/or
promotions; travel expenses, meals, lodging and entertainment of Intermediaries and their salespersons and guests in
connection with educational, sales and promotional programs; subaccounting, administrative and/or shareholder
processing or other investor services that are in addition to the fees paid for these services by the Advisory Accounts or
products; and other services intended to assist in the distribution and marketing of the Advisory Accounts and other
products. Goldman Sachs, in certain circumstances and for certain financial intermediaries, pays for all or a portion of the
fees associated with technology platforms that provide access to Goldman Sachs products and services on behalf of those
financial intermediaries. In addition, Goldman Sachs could hire or dedicate Goldman Sachs employees, or pay all or part of
the salaries of employees of financial intermediaries, to provide administrative or other services in connection with
investments by clients of such financial intermediaries into Goldman Sachs products. Certain financial intermediaries
receive an economic benefit from investing their client’s assets in Goldman Sachs products and services in the form of
revenues received by Goldman Sachs offsetting a payment obligation the financial intermediary would otherwise have to
Goldman Sachs or in the form of a revenue sharing arrangement whereby Goldman Sachs shares a portion of its fees and
allocations with the financial intermediary.
These payments may differ by Intermediary and are negotiated based on a range of factors, including but not limited to,
ability to attract and retain assets, target markets, customer relationships, quality of service and industry reputation.
Goldman Sachs and its personnel, including employees of GSAM, have relationships with, and purchase, or distribute or sell,
services or products from or to, distributors, consultants, and others who recommend Advisory Accounts, or who engage in
transactions with or for Advisory Accounts. Consultants and such other parties may receive compensation from Goldman
Sachs or Advisory Accounts in connection with such relationships. In accordance with internal policies and procedures,
Goldman Sachs also pays certain fees for membership in industry-wide or state and municipal organizations and otherwise
helps sponsor conferences and educational forums for investment industry participants from time to time including, but not
limited to, trustees, fiduciaries, consultants, administrators, state and municipal personnel and other clients. Goldman
Sachs’ membership in such organizations allows Goldman Sachs to participate in these conferences and educational forums
and helps Goldman Sachs interact with conference participants and to develop an understanding of the points of view and
challenges of the conference participants. GSAM may pay fees to third parties (e.g., service providers to potential clients,
such as record-keepers or administrators) in exchange for the right to include information regarding Advisory Accounts and
other products on portals or databases to which such potential clients will have access for purposes of considering potential
investment alternatives. Personnel, including employees of GSAM, may have board, advisory, brokerage or other
relationships with issuers, distributors, consultants and others that have (or have interests in) Advisory Accounts or that
recommend Advisory Accounts or portfolio transactions for Advisory Accounts. As a result of these relationships and
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arrangements, consultants, distributors and other parties have conflicts associated with their promotion of Advisory
Accounts or other dealings with Advisory Accounts that create incentives for them to promote Advisory Accounts or
portfolio transactions. Goldman Sachs, including GSAM, and its personnel make charitable contributions to certain
institutions, including those that have relationships with clients or personnel of clients, and certain personnel have board
relationships with charitable institutions. In accordance with internal policies and procedures, personnel may also make
political contributions to clients. The individuals and entities with which Goldman Sachs and its personnel have these
relationships may have (or have an interest in) or recommend Advisory Accounts.
Item 15 – Custody
Client funds and securities are held by a qualified custodian (which may be an affiliate of GSAM) appointed by clients
pursuant to a separate custody agreement, or are held by the clients themselves. Under the Advisers Act, GSAM is deemed
to have custody of client assets under certain circumstances, including where clients maintain assets at a bank, broker-
dealer, futures commission merchant or other qualified custodian affiliated with GSAM, where GSAM debits its fees directly
from the Advisory Account, where the terms of an agreement between a client and a qualified custodian permit GSAM to
instruct the custodian to disburse, or transfer, funds or securities, or in certain cases where GSAM purchases privately
offered securities on behalf of the Advisory Account.
GSAM does not endorse or guarantee the service (custody or other services) of any custodian or administrative servicer.
The client is responsible for performing appropriate due diligence in selecting and entering into a separate agreement with
such custodian or administrative servicer. Unless otherwise agreed with the client and except with respect to an Advisory
Account that is a pooled investment vehicle and with respect to which GSAM is deemed to have custody of its funds and
securities because GSAM (or an affiliate) serves as its general partner, managing member or similar capacity, GSAM is not
responsible for the selection or ongoing monitoring of client custodians or administrative servicers. GSAM will not be
responsible for any services of the custodian or administrative servicer or for the performance or nonperformance of any
services provided pursuant to the custodian or services agreement.
Clients will receive account statements directly from their custodian or trustee and should carefully review those
statements. In addition, clients are urged to compare the account statements that they receive from their qualified
custodian with any that they receive from GSAM.
Agency Accounts
In certain cases, GSAM is deemed to have custody of client assets when GSAM (or an affiliate) acts as agent in certain loan
syndication arrangements. In these cases, the loans held in Advisory Accounts’ portfolios that are originated or otherwise
sourced by GSAM are typically funded by a loan syndicate organized by GSAM (a “Loan Syndicate”). In many cases, GSAM
(or an affiliate) serves as the administrative agent to such Loan Syndicates. The participants in a Loan Syndicate (the “Loan
Syndicate Participants”) generally include GSAM and/or its affiliates, Advisory Accounts, and may include other bank and
non-bank lenders.
As the administrative agent to the Loan Syndicates, GSAM (or an affiliate) performs the duties and responsibilities typically
assigned to an administrative agent for and on behalf of each Loan Syndicate. Each Loan Syndicate’s credit agreement
requires GSAM (or an affiliate) to follow negotiated guidelines or formulas regarding the movement of cash to and from the
lenders and the borrower, as applicable, for the Loan Syndicate (e.g., the collection of loan proceeds from lenders and their
disbursement to the borrower, as well as the use and distribution of payments received from the borrower). Accordingly,
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GSAM (or an affiliate), in its capacity as the administrative agent, applies the terms of each credit agreement and has no
authority to determine how the cash is used, allocated or disbursed.
A single bank account (the “Agency Account”), established by GSAM (or an affiliate) and maintained by a qualified
custodian, facilitates the movement of cash to and from the lenders and the borrowers, as applicable, for all of the Loan
Syndicates. The Agency Account is opened by, and in the name of, GSAM (or an affiliate) as agent for the Loan Syndicate
Participants (i.e., the funds related to the Loan Syndicates are not held in separate accounts or sub-accounts for each Loan
Syndicate Participant under the Loan Syndicate Participant’s name, but are commingled in the Agency Account). The
qualified custodian of the Agency Account does not send Agency Account statements to the Loan Syndicate Participants.
Item 16 – Investment Discretion
GSAM accepts discretionary authority to manage securities accounts on behalf of clients. Clients for which GSAM has
investment discretion are required to sign an investment advisory agreement that authorizes the applicable GSAM entity to
supervise and direct the investment and reinvestment of assets in the Advisory Account, with discretion on the client’s
behalf and at the client’s risk. GSAM’s discretionary authority is limited by the terms of its investment advisory agreements
and the investment guidelines agreed between GSAM and each client. The investment guidelines or other account
documents generally include any limitations a client may place on GSAM’s discretionary authority, including any reasonable
restrictions on the securities and other financial instruments in which GSAM is authorized to invest.
With respect to the Stable Value business, the terms of Stable Value Contracts impose investment restrictions on GSAMLP’s
management of separate accounts or commingled fund accounts and on Unaffiliated Advisers that are generally more
restrictive than those imposed by clients or that would otherwise apply. These restrictions may limit the scope or types of
investments that Stable Value might otherwise include within an Advisory Account, and incentivize Stable Value to manage
Advisory Accounts under more conservative or restrictive investment guidelines so that such Advisory Accounts remain
eligible for access to such Stable Value Contracts.
For additional information about risks related to GSAM’s discretionary authority, please see Item 6, Performance-Based
Fees and Side-By-Side Management.
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities
PROXY VOTING POLICIES FOR CERTAIN GSAM BUSINESS LINES
The following proxy voting policies and matters apply with respect to all GSAM Public business lines and GSAM Private’s
business development companies business. The proxy voting policies and matters for the remaining GSAM Private
businesses are described separately in this Item 17 below under “Proxy Voting Policies for Other GSAM Business Lines”.
Authority to Vote
General
For Advisory Accounts for which GSAM has voting discretion, GSAM has adopted policies and procedures (the “Proxy Voting
Policy”) for the voting of proxies. Under the Proxy Voting Policy, GSAM’s guiding principles in performing proxy voting are
to make decisions that favor proposals that in GSAM’s view maximize a company’s long-term shareholder value and are not
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influenced by conflicts of interest. These principles reflect GSAM’s belief that sound corporate governance will create a
framework within which a company can be managed in the interests of its shareholders. To implement these guiding
principles for investments in publicly-traded equities of operating and/or holding companies, GSAM has developed
customized proxy voting guidelines (the “Guidelines”) that it generally applies when voting on behalf of Advisory Accounts.
The Guidelines address a wide variety of individual topics, including, among other matters, shareholder voting rights, anti-
takeover defenses, board structures, the election of directors, executive and director compensation, reorganizations,
mergers, issues of corporate social responsibility and shareholder proposals. The Proxy Voting Policy, including the
Guidelines, is reviewed annually to ensure that it continues to be consistent with GSAM’s guiding principles.
GSAM has retained a third-party proxy voting platform service (the “Proxy Platform Service”) to assist in the
implementation of certain proxy voting-related functions, including, without limitation, operational, recordkeeping and
reporting services. GSAM applies the Guidelines to each proxy issue and determines the appropriate voting decision. The
Proxy Platform Service provides a platform that facilitates the casting of those votes in an efficient manner. GSAM conducts
an annual due diligence meeting with the Proxy Platform Service to review the processes and procedures related to their
voting platform, including any material changes in the services, operations, staffing or processes.
Under the oversight of GSAM, initial voting outputs (“Outputs”) are developed for each proxy vote that reflect the
application of the Guidelines to the particular proposal. Final votes are then submitted by GSAM through a proxy voting
platform. In some cases, in certain markets, votes may be automatically submitted in accordance with the Output, although
GSAM retains the ability to recall such automatically submitted votes if warranted. If GSAM becomes aware that an issuer
has filed, or will file, additional proxy solicitation materials sufficiently in advance of the voting deadline, GSAM will
generally endeavor to consider such information where such information is viewed, in its discretion, as material when
casting a vote.
While it is GSAM’s policy generally to follow the Guidelines, GSAM’s portfolio management teams may on certain proxy
votes seek approval to diverge from the Output or votes cast by other portfolio management teams by following an
“override” process. Given the case-by-case nature of the Guidelines, there may be a difference of opinion as to the
appropriate voting decision under the Guidelines on certain proxy votes. The override process seeks to ensure that override
decisions are not influenced by any conflict of interest. As a result of the override process, portfolio management teams
may vote differently on proposals for the same company.
From time to time, GSAM’s ability to vote proxies may be affected by regulatory requirements and compliance, legal or
logistical considerations. As a result, GSAM, from time to time, may determine that it is not practicable or desirable to vote
proxies.
GSAM may have voting discretion with respect to Advisory Accounts that own securities issued by Goldman Sachs, its
affiliates or pooled investment vehicles managed by GSAM or its affiliates. In circumstances in which GSAM has discretion
to vote proxies with respect to such securities, GSAM will generally instruct that such proxies be voted in the same
proportion as other proxies are voted with respect to a proposal, subject to applicable legal and regulatory requirements.
Determinations by GSAM as to whether and how to vote proxies with respect to securities issued by Goldman Sachs, its
affiliates or pooled investment vehicles managed by GSAM or its affiliates creates a conflict between the interests of
Goldman Sachs and GSAM, on the one hand, and Advisory Accounts, on the other hand.
GSAM has implemented processes designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions that
GSAM makes on behalf of advisory clients, including the Advisory Accounts. These processes include information barriers
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as well as the use of GSAM’s Guidelines and the override approval process previously discussed. Notwithstanding such
proxy voting processes, proxy voting decisions made by GSAM in respect of securities held by a particular Advisory Account
may benefit the interests of Goldman Sachs and/or Accounts other than the Advisory Account, provided that GSAM
believes such voting decisions to be in accordance with its fiduciary obligations. Examples of material conflicts of interest
that could arise in connection with a proxy voting decision include, without limitation, circumstances in which (i) Goldman
Sachs has a business relationship with or other interests in the issuer or another interested party and (ii) Goldman Sachs
personnel have a personal relationship with personnel of the issuer or another interested party. Conflicts of interest
relating to proxy voting decisions also arise in situations in which Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or Accounts (including
Advisory Accounts), on the one hand, and a particular Advisory Account, on the other hand, invest in or extend credit to the
same issuer, but in different parts of the issuer’s capital structure. See Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in
Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Accounts—Investments in and Advice
Regarding Different Parts of an Issuer’s Capital Structure.
When GSAM engages Advisers to manage the assets of Advisory Accounts pursuant to a discretionary investment advisory
agreement, such Advisers generally will be responsible for taking all action with respect to the underlying securities held in
the applicable Advisory Account. In addition, when GSAM invests the assets of Advisory Accounts, including XIG Program
Funds, in Underlying Funds that are hedge funds, GSAM generally has no ability to take any action with respect to the
securities held in the Underlying Funds. However, GSAM may be responsible for voting with respect to the interests in such
Underlying Funds.
Client Directed Votes
GSAM clients who have delegated voting responsibility to GSAM with respect to their Advisory Account may from time to
time contact their client representative if they would like to direct GSAM to vote in a particular solicitation. GSAM will use
its commercially reasonable efforts to vote according to the client’s request in these circumstances, but cannot provide
assurances that such voting requests will be implemented.
Clients can obtain information regarding how securities were voted by a particular Advisory Account by calling their
Goldman Sachs representative. GSAM’s Proxy Voting Policy is available upon request.
Proxy Voting Policies - No Authority
GSAM is not delegated proxy voting authority on behalf of all of its Advisory Accounts and certain clients may retain proxy
voting authority for certain securities within the Advisory Account. With respect to those Advisory Accounts for which
GSAM does not conduct proxy voting, clients should work with their custodians to ensure they receive their proxies and
other solicitations for securities held in their Advisory Account. Such clients may contact their GSAM client service
representative if they have a question on particular proxy voting matters or solicitations.
Class Actions and Similar Matters
With respect to shareholder class action litigation and similar matters, GSAM’s separate account clients are encouraged to
contact their custodians and ensure that they receive notices and are aware of the participation and filing requirements
related to class action and similar proceedings. GSAM generally will not make any filings in connection with any
shareholder class action lawsuits and similar matters (including against Goldman Sachs or its affiliates) involving securities
held or that were held in separate accounts for clients, and will not be required to notify custodians or clients of
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shareholder class action lawsuits and similar matters. GSAM will not be responsible for any failure to make such filings or, if
it determines to make such filings in its sole discretion, to make such filings in a timely manner.
PROXY VOTING POLICIES FOR OTHER GSAM BUSINESS LINES
The following proxy voting policies and matters apply with respect to GSAM Private other than its business development
companies business (the proxy voting policies and matters for GSAM Private’s business development companies business
and the remaining GSAM business lines are described in this Item 17 above under “Proxy Voting Policies for Certain GSAM
Business Lines”). Accordingly, all references in this section to “GSAM Private” does not include its business development
companies business.
GSAM Private generally has the authority to vote the securities held by all of the Advisory Accounts, which in certain cases
may be revoked by an investor due to regulatory considerations. GSAM Private’s guiding principles are to make proxy
voting decisions that (i) tend to maximize the long term value of an Advisory Account’s investment and (ii) minimize the
impact of conflicts of interest. See “Proxy Voting Policies for Certain GSAM Business Lines—Authority to Vote—General”
above for examples of conflicts of interest that may arise in connection with proxy voting decisions by GSAM Private.
Once a conflict is identified, GSAM Private will take such steps as it believes to be necessary in order to vote the proxy in
accordance with the guiding principles described above and its fiduciary obligations to its clients. Material conflicts of
interest between GSAM Private and an Advisory Account with respect to proxy voting (which are not otherwise addressed
by the guidelines) are typically resolved as follows:
GSAM Private may disclose the conflict of interest to the Advisory Accounts and obtain the written consent of the
Advisory Account, before voting. When seeking this consent, GSAM Private must provide the client with all
pertinent information, including the nature of GSAM Private’s conflict; or
GSAM Private may abstain from voting the proxies or vote the proxies in accordance with the recommendation of
an independent third party such as Institutional Shareholder Services or Broadridge Financial Solutions Inc.; or
GSAM Private may take any other steps as it deems appropriate that result in a decision to vote the proxies that is
based on the Advisory Account’s best interest.
In evaluating investor-voting proposals, GSAM Private may consider information from a variety of sources, including,
without limitation, management of the entity presenting a proxy proposal, shareholder groups, and/or independent proxy
research services. In all cases, however, the ultimate decision on how to vote a proxy rests with the relevant GSAM Private
investment professionals based upon their assessment of the particular transactions or other matters at issue. Investors
may contact GSAM Private to obtain information about how securities in the Advisory Accounts were voted and to obtain a
copy of GSAM Private’s proxy voting policy.
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Item 18 – Financial Information
This item is not applicable.
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Glossary
As used in this Brochure, these terms have the following meanings.
“1933 Act” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
“1934 Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Accounts” means Goldman Sachs’ own accounts, accounts in which personnel of Goldman Sachs have an interest,
accounts of Goldman Sachs’ clients and pooled investment vehicles that Goldman Sachs sponsors, manages or advises. For
the avoidance of doubt, the term “Accounts” includes Advisory Accounts.
“Advisers” means Affiliated Advisers and Unaffiliated Advisers.
“Advisers Act” means the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.
“Advisory Accounts” means separately managed accounts (or separate accounts) and pooled investment vehicles such as
mutual funds, collective trusts and private investment funds that are sponsored, managed or advised by GSAM.
“Affiliated Advisers” means investment advisers that are affiliated with Goldman Sachs.
“Affiliated Products” means investment products, including separately managed accounts and pooled vehicles, managed,
sponsored or advised by GSAM or Goldman Sachs.
“Agency Account” means a single bank account established by GSAM (or an affiliate) and maintained by a qualified
custodian that facilitates the movement of cash to and from the lenders and the borrowers, as applicable, for all of the Loan
Syndicates.
“Alternative Investments” means intermediate investment vehicles (for example, feeder funds) formed or managed by
GSAM or an affiliate.
“Asset & Wealth Management” means the Goldman Sachs Asset & Wealth Management business.
“BHCA” means the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended.
“Brochure” means Registrants’ Form ADV, Part 2A.
“CBOs” means collateralized bond obligations.
“CFTC” means the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
“CLOs” means collateralized loan obligations.
“CoCos” means contingent convertible bonds.
“Code” means the Registrants’ Code of Ethics.
“Co-Branded Model Portfolios” means model portfolios that allocate only to Affiliated Products and External Products
managed by a particular Unaffiliated Adviser pursuant to a co-branding agreement or other collaboration agreement.
“Co-Investment Advisers” means Advisers to which HFS has allocated Advisory Account assets or by other Advisers or other
persons with whom HFS or its affiliates have a relationship.
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“Co-Investment Opportunity” means the opportunity to invest alongside funds or other Advisory Accounts with respect to
one or more investments.
“Consulting Groups” means certain groups of experts, advisors, consultants, operation consulting experts, thought leaders,
subject matter experts and other persons intended to provide support in connection with the activities of certain Advisory
Accounts.
“CPO” means commodity pool operator.
“CTA” means commodity trading advisor.
“Diligence Reports” means due diligence reports and other information with respect to one or more Underlying Funds and
Unaffiliated Advisers.
“Dodd-Frank Act” means the U.S. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, as amended.
“EBITDA” means earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization.
“ECN/Trading Venue” means centralized exchanges and trading platforms, electronic communication networks, alternative
trading systems and other similar execution or trading systems or venues.
“Enrolled Participant” means an enrolled plan participant or retail investor to which GSAM provides Managed Account
Services.
“Enrolled Participant Account” means an account for an Enrolled Participant to which GSAM provides Managed Account
Services.
“ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.
“ESG” means environmental, social and governance-oriented investing.
“ETF” means exchange-traded fund.
“Existing Investment Account” means an Account invested in an Underlying Fund in which a New Investment Account
makes a secondary investment.
“External Funds” means hedge funds and private equity funds advised by Unaffiliated Advisers.
“External Products” means investment products, including separately managed accounts and pooled vehicles, managed,
sponsored or advised by Unaffiliated Advisers.
“FCA” means the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority.
“Federal Reserve” means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
“forward commitment” means a contract to purchase or sell securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond customary
settlement time.
“Freddie Mac” means the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation.
“GIC” means guaranteed investment contracts.
“Goldman Sachs” means, collectively, GSAM Holdings LLC, GS Group, GSAM, GS&Co. and their respective affiliates,
directors, partners, trustees, managers, members, officers and employees.
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“Goldman Sachs Wealth Services” means Goldman Sachs Wealth Services, L.P.
“GS Fund of Funds” means an Affiliated Product that pursues its investment objectives by allocating assets, directly or
indirectly, to External Products.
“GS Group” means The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.
“GS RICs” means business development companies and registered investment companies formed from time to time by
GSAM.
“GS&Co.” means Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC.
“GSAM” means Goldman Sachs Asset & Wealth Management, which today is comprised of GSAMLP, GSAMI, GSAMC,
GSAMHK, GSAMS, and various locally regulated affiliates around the world.
“GSAMC” means Goldman Sachs Asset Management Co. Ltd.
“GSAMHK” means Goldman Sachs Asset Management (Hong Kong) Limited.
“GSAMI” means Goldman Sachs Asset Management International.
“GSAMIH” means Goldman Sachs Asset Management International Holdings LLC.
“GSAMLP” means Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P.
“GSAMS” means Goldman Sachs Asset Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.
“GSAM Approved Managers” means the Unaffiliated Advisers approved by XIG.
“GSAM Employee Funds” means investment vehicles organized to facilitate investment by its current or former directors,
partners, trustees, managers, members, officers, employees, and their families and related entities, including employee
benefit plans in which they participate, and current consultants.
“GSAM ETFs” means the exchange-traded funds for which GSAM or its affiliates act as investment adviser.
“GSAM Personnel” means the personnel of the various entities comprising GSAM.
“GSAM Private” means the private alternatives business of GSAMLP, together with the private alternatives businesses of
other Registrants (formerly known as GS Merchant Banking).
“GSAM Private Investment Committee” means an investment committee comprised of the senior professionals in GSAM
Private and other control-side professionals of Goldman Sachs.
“GSAM Private Investment Team” means a team of investment professionals that carries out the process of investing in or
lending to a company on behalf of GSAM Private.
“GSAM Public” means the businesses within GSAM other than GSAM Private.
“GSAM Strategies” means investment and trading strategies developed by GSAM or its affiliates or co-developed by GSAM
or its affiliates and a third party.
“GSI” means Goldman Sachs International.
“GSTC” means The Goldman Sachs Trust Company, N.A.
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“GSTD” means The Goldman Sachs Trust Company of Delaware.
“Guidelines” means customized proxy voting guidelines that GSAM has developed.
“HFS” means GSAMLP’s Hedge Fund Strategies business.
“Hybrid Securities” means preferred and deeply subordinated long-term debt.
“IBOR” means an interbank offered rate.
“Index” means stock market and other indexes developed, owned and operated by GSAM and its affiliates.
“Industry Advisors” means certain members of a Consulting Group that may participate in one or more of the other
Consulting Groups and/or serve as advisors to GSAM with respect to investment in and management of portfolio company
investments.
“Intermediaries” means, collectively, authorized dealers and other financial intermediaries and salespersons.
“Investment Company Act” means the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
“IPO/New Issue” means an initial public offering or new issue.
“IPS” means Inflation Protected Securities.
“IRS” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.
“LIBOR” means the London Inter-bank Offered Rate.
“Loan Syndicate” means a loan syndicate organized by GSAM.
“Loan Syndicate Program” means GSAM and its affiliates, Advisory Accounts, and other bank and non-bank lenders
that participate in a Loan Syndicate.
“Managed Account Services” means the goal and risk-based financial planning and portfolio management services
offered by GSAM.
“Managed Account Services Algorithms” means the algorithms used by Managed Account Services.
“Managed Account Services Guidance” means non-fiduciary retirement planning guidance tools and services for
Enrolled Participant Accounts.
“Manager of Manager Accounts” means pooled investment vehicles and separately managed accounts managed by
GSAM and/or its affiliates and sub-advised by Unaffiliated Advisers selected by XIG.
“MAS” means Multi-Asset Solutions Group.
“MAS Program Funds” means pooled investment vehicles formed and managed by the MAS team, including vehicles
formed primarily for investment by other Advisory Accounts of MAS, and pooled investment vehicles formed and managed
by others, including affiliates.
“MiFID II” means the Second Markets in Financial Instruments Directive.
“MLPs” means master limited partnerships.
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“Model Portfolio Accounts” means accounts managed by Model Portfolio Advisers, including PWM, based on model
portfolios provided by GSAM.
“Model Portfolio Advisers” means affiliated and unaffiliated investment advisers to which GSAM provides model portfolios.
“New Investment Account” means an Account that invests in a secondary investment involving an Underlying Fund in
which an Existing Investment Account has invested.
“Non-Discretionary Co-investors” means certain non-discretionary Advisory Accounts or other potential investors,
including funds organized for the purpose of investing in the specific transaction.
“OTC” means over-the-counter markets.
“Outputs” means the initial voting outputs that are developed for each proxy vote.
“Participating Affiliates” means GSAM’s non-U.S. affiliated advisers that may provide advice or research to GSAM for use
with GSAM’s U.S. clients.
“Participations” means participation interests.
“PIPEs” means private investments in public equities.
“Plan Sponsors” means the retirement savings plan clients of Managed Account Services.
“Profits Interests” means material equity, profits or other interests with respect to Unaffiliated Advisers, their Underlying
Funds or their affiliates and/or other special rights that Seeding Funds may receive in exchange for allocating assets to
“start-up” Advisers.
“Proxy Platform Service” means a third-party proxy voting platform service, currently Institutional Shareholder Services, a
unit of RiskMetrics Group, and, with respect to U.S. equities only, Broadridge Financial Solutions Inc.
“Proxy Voting Policy” means GSAM’s policies and procedures for the voting of proxies on behalf of Advisory Accounts for
which GSAM has voting discretion.
“PWM” means the Private Wealth Management unit of GS&Co.
“QES” means Quantitative Equity Strategies.
“QIS” means Quantitative Investment Strategies.
“QOF” means a qualified opportunity fund.
“QOZ” means a census tract (generally low-income urban, suburban or rural communities) that has been designated as a
“qualified opportunity zone”.
“Quantitative Strategies” means the quantitative techniques pursued by the QIS and QES teams.
“Real Estate Operating Platforms” means real estate operating platforms established by GSAM Private to service Advisory
Account real estate assets.
“Recommendation” means a written analysis and recommendation of a proxy vote that reflects the Proxy Service’s
application of the Guidelines to the particular proxy issues.
“REIT” means real estate investment trust.
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“Registrants” means GSAMLP, GSAMI, GSAMC, GSAMHK and GSAMS.
“Related Accounts” means accounts that are deemed to be related under the relevant tax rules and regulations.
“Retail Managed Account Services” means the advisory services provided by GSAM, alongside a WMA Institution, to retail
investor IRAs and other taxable accounts.
“SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Seeding Funds” means XIG Program Funds that allocate assets primarily to “start-up” Advisers that have limited or no
independent track records, as well as certain other Advisers that are seeking seed or similar investments, in each case
generally in exchange for Profits Interests.
“Selling Institution” means a selling institution.
“Software Platform” means the automated goal and risk-based financial planning and portfolio management software
developed by GSAM.
“Sponsors” means broker-dealers, including affiliates of GSAM that sponsor Wrap Programs.
“Stable Value” means GSAMLP’s Stable Value business.
“Stable Value Contracts” means, for retirement plans and other Advisory Accounts that have a “stable value” or similar
investment objective, providers of wrap, separate account or other benefit responsive agreements.
“STIF” means Short-Term Investment Fund.
“SPACs” means special purpose acquisition companies.
“TACS Account” means an account that pursues a TACS Strategy.
“TACS Strategy” means a tax-managed strategy.
“Tactical Tilts” means tactical investment ideas generally derived from short-term market views.
“Technology Companies” means technology-enabled companies (i.e., companies whose business models are enabled by
technology).
“Third-Party Management Companies” means alternative investments advisers and their affiliates in which Advisory
Accounts may acquire minority stakes.
“TIPS” means Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities.
“TK” means a Japanese special purpose acquisition structure known as the tokumei kumiai.
“TMK” means a tokutei mokuteki kaisha, a special purpose vehicle more than 50% of each class and each type of the equity
interests of which (with certain exceptions) must be offered in Japan.
“Unaffiliated Advisers” means investment advisers that are unaffiliated with Goldman Sachs. For purposes of this
Brochure, “Unaffiliated Advisers” include (i) investment advisers that are not controlled by Goldman Sachs, but in which
certain Advisory Accounts hold equity, profits or other interests and (ii) investment advisers with which Goldman Sachs has
business relationships.
Page | 162
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
“Underlying Fund LPAC” means a committee of investors in an Underlying Fund which is given the authority to make
certain determinations on behalf of the Underlying Fund or the investors therein, including in many cases with respect to
certain required consents and/or conflicts.
“Underlying Funds” means investment funds (including pooled investment vehicles and private funds) in which one or
more Advisory Accounts invest.
“Volcker Rule” means the Volcker rule contained within the Dodd-Frank Act, as amended.
“when-issued securities” means securities that have been authorized, but not yet issued.
“WMA Institutional Fee” means the advisory fee for Retail Managed Account Services charged to Enrolled Participants.
“WMA Institution” means the firm that engages GSAM to provide Workplace Managed Account Services to Enrolled
Participant Accounts.
“Workplace Managed Account Services” means the advisory services provided by GSAM to WMA Institutions and Plan
Sponsors.
“Workplace Managed Account Fees” means the advisory fee for Workplace Managed Account Services.
“Wrap Programs” means programs sponsored by certain broker-dealers through which GSAM provides investment advisory
services and where a client pays a single, all-inclusive (or “wrap”) asset-based fee charged by the Sponsor for asset
management, trade execution, custody, performance monitoring and reporting through the Sponsor.
“XIG” means External Investing Group.
“XIG Program Funds” means investment vehicles managed by XIG that invest substantially all of their assets in primary
investments in Underlying Funds managed by Unaffiliated Advisers.
Page | 163
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Appendix A – Fee Schedules
GSAMLP STANDARD FEE SCHEDULE – INSTITUTIONAL SEPARATELY MANAGED ACCOUNTS
These fees are subject to change and negotiation. See Item 5, Fees and Compensation—Compensation for Advisory Services—Separately
Managed Accounts. For a description of the fees charged by Unaffiliated Advisers in respect of Underlying Funds, please see Item 5,
Fees and Compensation—Other Fees and Expenses—Underlying Fund and Unaffiliated Adviser Fees and Expenses and Item 11, Code of
Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Transactions—Side Letters
or Similar Arrangements. Affiliates of the Registrants may offer different fee arrangements that may be higher than the fees set forth
herein. Additional information about these fee arrangements is provided in the brochures of those affiliates, available on the SEC’s
website (www.adviserinfo.sec.gov).
Fixed Income1
Liquidity Solutions
Core Fixed Income (continued)
Short Duration
Ultra Short Duration
Global Short Duration
Global Ultra Short Duration
Global Core Plus Intermediate Duration
Canadian Core Plus Intermediate Duration
Euro Core Plus Intermediate Duration
UK Core Plus Intermediate Duration
First $100 million
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.325%
0.25%
0.20%
$350,000
1.0% - 3.0%
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Next $500 million
Balance above $1 billion
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.15%
0.11%
0.09%
0.07%
0.06%
$150,000
0.0% - 0.75%
Insurance Asset Management
Core Fixed Income
Insurance General Account Fixed Income*
US Core Intermediate Duration
First $100 million
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.25%
0.17%
0.12%
$200,000
0.5% - 1.0%
First $200 million
Next $200 million
Next $600 million
Next $1 billion
Balance above $2 billion
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.20%
0.15%
0.12%
0.10%
0.08%
$300,000
1.0% - 2.0%
Global Core Intermediate Duration
Euro Core Intermediate Duration
UK Core Intermediate Duration
First $100 million
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.275%
0.20%
0.15%
$300,000
0.5% - 1.0%
US Core Plus Intermediate Duration
* Intended for general account fixed income assets of insurance companies
that are invested in investment grade securities, with GSAMLP standard
reporting, servicing, and portfolio management requirements, including
standard published benchmarks. Portfolios including specialty or non-
investment grade investments (e.g., high yield fixed income, emerging
market debt or bank loans) would be priced incrementally higher based
upon the size of the allocation to these sectors. For a mandate with
multiple managed portfolios there is a per portfolio charge of $10,000 for
custodians with automated interfaces and $20,000 for custodians with
manual interfaces in addition to the fees quoted above. This fee covers the
additional administrative, operational and reporting costs associated with
multiple portfolios. A supplemental fee quote for insurance investment
accounting services or insurance strategy can also be provided upon
request and will be customized based upon the specific requirements of
each client.
First $100 million
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.27%
0.20%
0.15%
$250,000
1.25% - 2.0%
1 All fees assume a single portfolio with standard reporting, servicing
and portfolio management requirements, including standard
benchmarks.
Page | 164
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Stable Value
Long Duration/Long Credit/LDI (continued)
Stable Value Strategy*
US Long Credit Plus
Canadian Long Credit Plus
Euro Long Credit Plus
UK Long Credit Plus
First $100 million
Next $200 million
Next $200 million
Next $500 million
Balance above $1 billion
0.15%
0.125%
0.10%
0.075%
0.05%
$150,000
Minimum annual fee
First $100 million
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.325%
0.25%
0.20%
$350,000
1.25% - 2.0%
US Liability Driven Investment (LDI) Fixed Income*
Canadian Liability Driven Investment (LDI) Fixed Income*
Euro Liability Driven Investment (LDI) Fixed Income*
UK Liability Driven Investment (LDI) Fixed Income*
First $500 million
0.15%
* The standard fee schedule for the Stable Value Strategy is based
upon an asset allocation assumption where 50% of the fixed income
assets are invested in GSAM Stable Value advised commingled
investment funds and 50% are invested in fixed income products
managed by external third-party investment managers. Fees for
Stable Value strategies may be higher or lower than the standard fee
schedule listed above depending upon the actual allocation of fixed
income assets to GSAM versus external third-party investment
managers.
Next $500 million
0.125%
Balance above $1 billion
0.10%
Minimum annual fee
$350,000
*Fees based on Notional Value of Account
* Intended for standard Stable Value Strategy services and exclusive
of Stable Value Contract, advisory, third-party manager and other
fees and expenses that may be incurred by an Advisory Account
directly or indirectly, including those of the trustee and custodian or
other agents of the plan sponsor.
Corporate Credit
Long Duration/Long Credit/LDI
US Investment Grade Credit Buy & Hold
Euro Investment Grade Credit Buy & Hold
UK Investment Grade Credit Buy & Hold
US Long Duration Core
Canadian Long Duration Core
Euro Long Duration Core
UK Long Duration Core
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Next $300 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
0.225%
0.20%
0.175%
0.15%
$250,000
First $100 million
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.275%
0.20%
0.12%
$300,000
0.5% - 1.0%
Global Investment Grade Credit Buy & Hold
US Long Duration Core Plus
Canadian Long Duration Core Plus
Euro Long Duration Core Plus
UK Long Duration Core Plus
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Next $300 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
0.25%
0.225%
0.20%
0.175%
$275,000
US Investment Grade Corporates
Euro Investment Grade Corporates
UK Investment Grade Corporates
First $100 million
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.325%
0.25%
0.20%
$350,000
1.25% - 2.0%
US Long Credit
Canadian Long Credit
Euro Long Credit
UK Long Credit
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Next $300 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.275%
0.225%
0.20%
0.175%
$275,000
0.5% - 1.0%
First $100 million
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.275%
0.20%
0.15%
$300,000
0.5% - 1.0%
Page | 165
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Corporate Credit (continued)
Mortgages/Securitized (continued)
Global Investment Grade Corporates
MBS Broad
Commercial MBS and Asset Backed Securities (CMBS / ABS)
Collateralized Loan Obligation (CLO)
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Next $300 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.30%
0.25%
0.225%
0.20%
$300,000
0.5% - 1.0%
First $100 million
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.225%
0.175%
0.15%
$200,000
0.5% - 1.0%
Non-Agency Mortgages (Legacy and CRT)
US Investment Grade Corporates Plus
Euro Investment Grade Corporates Plus
UK Investment Grade Corporates Plus
First $100 million
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
0.325%
0.275%
0.25%
$325,000
Multi Sector Securitized Credit
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Next $300 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.325%
0.275%
0.25%
0.225%
$325,000
1.25% - 2.0%
First $100 million
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
0.40%
0.35%
0.32%
$300,000
Governments
US TIPS
Global Investment Grade Corporates Plus
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Next $300 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.35%
0.30%
0.275%
0.25%
$350,000
1.25% - 2.0%
First $100 million
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.15%
0.125%
0.10%
$150,000
0.5% - 0.75%
High Yield / Bank Loans
High Yield Fixed Income
Euro High Yield Fixed Income
Bank Loans
UK TIPS
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.50%
0.40%
0.30%
$350,000
First $100 million
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.20%
0.175%
0.15%
$200,000
0.5% - 0.75%
Mortgages / Securitized
Passive MBS Agency
Global TIPS
First $250 million
Balance above $250 million
Minimum annual fee
0.06%
0.05%
$150,000
First $100 million
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.25%
0.225%
0.20%
$250,000
0.5% - 0.75%
MBS Agency
Global Governments
First $100 million
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.175%
0.15%
0.125%
$175,000
0.5% - 1.0%
First $100 million
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.275%
0.20%
0.15%
$300,000
0.5% - 1.0%
Page | 166
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Governments (continued)
Emerging Markets (continued)
Global Governments Plus
Emerging Markets Corporate
First $100 million
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
0.325%
0.25%
0.20%
$350,000
Assumed Target Tracking Error
1.0% - 3.0%
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Next $200 million
Balance above $400 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.55%
0.50%
0.45%
0.425%
$300,000
2.0% - 3.0%
Developed and Emerging Market Governments
Unconstrained / Multi-Sector / Opportunistic Fixed Income
Unconstrained
First $100 million
0.35%
First $100 million
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
0.375%
0.30%
0.25%
$350,000
Assumed Target Tracking Error
1.0% - 3.0%
Municipals
Next $100 million
Next $200 million
Balance above $400 million
Minimum annual fee
0.30%
0.275%
0.25%
$300,000
Assumed Target Tracking Error
2.0% - 4.0%
Municipal Money Market
Municipal Short Duration Bond
Unconstrained Plus
First $100 million
0.45%
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Balance above $250 million
Minimum annual fee
0.20%
0.175%
0.15%
$200,000
Next $100 million
Next $200 million
Balance above $400 million
Minimum annual fee
0.40%
0.375%
0.35%
$300,000
Municipal Intermediate Duration Bond
Municipal Bond
Assumed Target Tracking Error
4.0% - 7.0%
Multi-Sector Credit - Income
First $100 million
0.35%
First $100 million
Next $200 million
Balance above $300 million
Minimum annual fee
0.25%
0.20%
0.15%
$200,000
Emerging Markets
Emerging Markets Short Duration
Next $100 million
Next $200 million
Balance above $400 million
Minimum annual fee
0.30%
0.25%
0.225%
$300,000
Multi-Sector Credit Plus
First $100 million
0.40%
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Next $200 million
Balance above $400 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.45%
0.40%
0.35%
0.325%
$300,000
2.0% - 3.0%
Next $100 million
Next $200 million
Balance above $400 million
Minimum annual fee
0.35%
0.30%
0.275%
$300,000
Emerging Markets Fixed Income (External)
Emerging Markets Fixed Income (Local Currency)
Emerging Markets Fixed Income (Blended Currency)
Opportunistic Credit
First $100 million
0.55%
Next $100 million
Next $200 million
Balance above $400 million
Minimum annual fee
0.50%
0.475%
0.45%
$300,000
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Next $200 million
Balance above $400 million
Minimum annual fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
0.50%
0.45%
0.40%
0.375%
$300,000
2.5% - 3.5%
Page | 167
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Unconstrained / Multi-Sector / Opportunistic Fixed Income
(continued)
Global Opportunities Multi-Strategy Hedge Fund
All
Minimum annual fee
Incentive Fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
1.50%
$500,000
20%
5% - 7%
Private Placements Fixed Income
Investment Grade Private Placements
First $100 million
0.60%
Next $400 million
Balance above $500 million
Minimum annual fee
0.50%
0.40%
$100,000
Page | 168
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Fundamental Equity
U.S. Large/Mid Cap
U.S. Large/Mid Cap (continued)
U.S. Fundamental Equity Enhanced
Mid Cap Growth
First $25 million
Next $25 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.50%
0.40%
0.35%
0.30%
0.25%
$125,000
First $25 million
Next $25 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.75%
0.65%
0.55%
0.50%
0.45%
$150,000
Strategic Growth
Mid Cap Value
First $25 million
Next $25 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.60%
0.50%
0.40%
0.35%
0.30%
$125,000
First $25 million
Next $25 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.75%
0.65%
0.55%
0.50%
0.45%
$150,000
Concentrated Growth
Premier Equity
First $25 million
Next $25 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.70%
0.60%
0.50%
0.45%
0.40%
$125,000
First $25 million
Next $25 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.60%
0.50%
0.40%
0.35%
0.30%
$125,000
Focused Growth 20
U.S. Equity Partners
First $25 million
Next $25 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.70%
0.60%
0.50%
0.45%
0.40%
$125,000
First $25 million
Next $25 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.65%
0.55%
0.45%
0.40%
0.35%
$125,000
Strategic Value
U.S. Smaller Cap
Small/Mid Cap
First $25 million
Next $25 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.60%
0.50%
0.40%
0.35%
0.30%
$125,000
First $25 million
Next $25 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.90%
0.80%
0.70%
0.65%
0.60%
$150,000
Focused Value
Small/Mid Cap Growth
First $25 million
Next $25 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.70%
0.60%
0.50%
0.45%
0.40%
$125,000
First $25 million
Next $25 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.90%
0.80%
0.70%
0.65%
0.60%
$150,000
Page | 169
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
U.S. Smaller Cap (continued)
Japan (continued)
Small/Mid Cap Value
Japan Strategic Equity
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.70%
0.65%
0.60%
0.55%
$200,000
First $25 million
Next $25 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.90%
0.80%
0.70%
0.65%
0.60%
$150,000
Japan Small Cap Equity
Small Cap Core
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.80%
0.75%
0.70%
0.65%
$200,000
First $25 million
Next $25 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.95%
0.85%
0.75%
0.70%
0.65%
$150,000
Emerging Markets
Small Cap Growth
Global Emerging Markets Equity
Emerging Markets Equity ex-China
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.95%
0.80%
0.75%
0.70%
$250,000
First $25 million
Next $25 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.95%
0.85%
0.75%
0.70%
0.65%
$150,000
Emerging Markets Equity Leaders (Mid/Large)
Small Cap Value
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.90%
0.75%
0.70%
0.65%
$250,000
First $25 million
Next $25 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.95%
0.85%
0.75%
0.70%
0.65%
$150,000
Asia Ex-Japan Equity
Global
Global Equity Partners
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.85%
0.70%
0.65%
0.60%
$250,000
India Equity Leaders (Mid/Large)
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.80%
0.65%
0.60%
0.55%
$200,000
Japan
Japan Equity Partners
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.90%
0.75%
0.70%
0.65%
$250,000
India Equity
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.80%
0.75%
0.70%
0.65%
$250,000
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.80%
0.75%
0.70%
0.65%
$250,000
Page | 170
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Emerging Markets (continued)
Fundamental Equity & Fixed Income Blend (continued)
Global Income Builder
China A-Share Equity
China All Shares Equity
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.60%
0.50%
0.40%
$350,000
U.S. Real Estate Balanced
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.80%
0.75%
0.70%
0.65%
$250,000
Environmental Social Governance
U.S. Equity ESG
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.70%
0.60%
0.50%
$350,000
Equity Income
U.S. Equity Income
First $25 million
Next $25 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.65%
0.55%
0.45%
0.40%
0.35%
$200,000
International Equity ESG
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.60%
0.45%
0.40%
0.35%
$150,000
Global Equity Income
International Equity Income
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.80%
0.65%
0.60%
0.55%
$200,000
Global Equity Partners ESG
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.70%
0.55%
0.50%
0.45%
$200,000
Thematic
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.80%
0.65%
0.60%
0.55%
$200,000
U.S. Technology Opportunities
Japan Equity Partners ESG
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.80%
0.65%
0.60%
0.55%
$200,000
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.80%
0.65%
0.60%
0.55%
$200,000
Future Economic Security
Global Emerging Markets Equity ESG
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.80%
0.70%
0.65%
0.60%
$200,000
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.90%
0.75%
0.70%
0.65%
$200,000
Global Future Real Estate and Infrastructure
Equity
Fundamental Equity & Fixed Income Blend
US Income Builder
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.85%
0.70%
0.65%
0.60%
$200,000
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.50%
0.40%
0.35%
$350,000
Page | 171
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Thematic (continued)
Liquid Real Assets (continued)
Global Future Technology Leaders Equity
Global Infrastructure
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.85%
0.70%
0.65%
0.60%
$200,000
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.75%
0.60%
0.55%
0.50%
$200,000
Global Environmental Impact
Clean Energy Income
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.85%
0.70%
0.65%
0.60%
$200,000
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.75%
0.60%
0.55%
0.50%
$200,000
U.S. Energy Infrastructure
Global Millennials Equity
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.85%
0.70%
0.65%
0.60%
$200,000
First $25 million
Next $25 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.80%
0.75%
0.70%
0.65%
0.60%
$200,000
Global Future Health Care Equity
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.85%
0.70%
0.65%
0.60%
$200,000
Liquid Real Assets
U.S. Real Estate Securities
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.70%
0.55%
0.50%
0.45%
$200,000
Global Real Estate Securities
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.75%
0.60%
0.55%
0.50%
$200,000
Future of Real Estate
First $50 million
Next $50 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.75%
0.60%
0.55%
0.50%
$200,000
Page | 172
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Quantitative Investment Strategies
U.S. Equity2
Global/Non-U.S. Equity
US Total Market Equity Insights
International Equity Insights
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.45%
0.35%
0.30%
$300,000
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.60%
0.55%
0.45%
$300,000
International Equity with Country Tilts Insights
US Total Market 250/150 Flex Equity Insights
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.65%
0.60%
0.50%
$300,000
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
2.50%
2.45%
2.40%
$300,000
Large Cap – Enhanced
Global Equity Insights
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.30%
0.20%
0.18%
$300,000
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.65%
0.55%
0.45%
$300,000
Large Cap/Large Cap Growth/Large Cap Value Insights
Global Equity with Country Tilts Insights
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.40%
0.30%
0.25%
$300,000
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.70%
0.60%
0.50%
$300,000
Mid Cap/Mid Cap Growth/Mid Cap Value Insights
Global 150/50 Flex Equity Insights
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.55%
0.45%
0.35%
$300,000
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
1.65%
1.60%
1.55%
$300,000
Small-Mid Cap/Small-Mid Cap Growth/Small-Mid Cap Value Insights
ACWI Equity Insights
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.60%
0.50%
0.40%
$300,000
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.70%
0.65%
0.55%
$500,000
Small Cap/Small Cap Growth/Small Cap Value Insights
ACWI ex-US Equity Insights
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.65%
0.55%
0.45%
$300,000
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.75%
0.70%
0.60%
$500,000
2 The Quantitative Investment Strategies – U.S. Equity Accounts:
a) Enhanced products can target tracking errors between 1-2%; the
fee schedules above assume a target tracking error of 1.5%;
b) Long only insights products can target tracking errors between 2-4%;
the fee schedules above assume a target tracking error of 2.5%.
Page | 173
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Global/Non-U.S. Equity (continued)
Global/Non-U.S. Equity (continued)
Asia ex Japan Equity Insights
ACWI ex-US 130/30 Flex Equity Insights
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
1.40%
1.35%
1.30%
$500,000
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.90%
0.85%
0.75%
$500,000
ACWI Small Cap Equity Insights
Emerging Markets ex-China Equity Insights
Emerging Markets Equity Insights
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.90%
0.85%
0.80%
$500,000
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.90%
0.85%
0.75%
$500,000
ACWI Market Neutral Equity Insights
Emerging Markets 130/30 Flex Equity Insights
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
Incentive Fee
1.50%
1.45%
1.35%
$500,000
20%
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
1.65%
1.60%
1.55%
$500,000
Global Opportunities Multi-Strategy Hedge Fund
Europe Equity Insights
Japan Equity Insights
All
Minimum annual fee
Incentive Fee
Assumed Target Tracking Error
1.50%
$500,000
20%
5% - 7%
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.50%
0.45%
0.40%
$300,000
Global Intrinsic Value Index®3
Europe 130/30 Flex Equity Insights
Developed Market – Single Country:
GS GIVI US Equity
GS GIVI Japan Equity
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
1.15%
1.10%
1.05%
$300,000
Japan Small Cap Equity Insights
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Balance above $250 million
Minimum annual fee
0.25%
0.15%
0.09%
$300,000
Developed Market – Multi-Region:
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.65%
0.60%
0.55%
$300,000
GS GIVI Global Developed Equity
GS GIVI Global Developed ex-US Equity
GS GIVI Europe Equity
International Small Cap Equity Insights
Global Small Cap Equity Insights
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Balance above $250 million
Minimum annual fee
0.30%
0.20%
0.10%
$300,000
First $100 million
Next $100 million
Balance above $200 million
Minimum annual fee
0.80%
0.75%
0.70%
$300,000
described herein (the "Product(s)") are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or
promoted by Standard & Poor's and Standard & Poor's does not make any
representation regarding the advisability of investing in the Products.
3 These strategies are intended to track the performance of the S&P GIVI.
"Standard & Poor's®", "S&P®", "S&P GIVI®", and "GIVI®" are trademarks of
Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC ("Standard & Poor's") and have
been licensed for use by Goldman Sachs. Goldman Sachs' products
Page | 174
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
ActiveBeta® (continued)5
Global Intrinsic Value Index® (continued)3
Developed Market + Growth and Emerging Market Strategies:
US SMID Cap / US All Cap
GS GIVI Global Equity (All Country)
GS GIVI Global Growth Market Tilt Equity
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Balance above $250 million
Minimum annual fee
0.35%
0.25%
0.15%
$500,000
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Next $500 million
Balance above $1 billion
Minimum annual fee
0.25%
0.18%
0.13%
0.11%
0.10%
$300,000
US Small Cap
Growth and Emerging Markets Only:
GS GIVI Emerging Markets Equity
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Balance above $250 million
Minimum annual fee
0.45%
0.35%
0.25%
$500,000
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Next $500 million
Balance above $1 billion
Minimum annual fee
0.27%
0.20%
0.15%
0.13%
0.12%
$300,000
Multi-Region Enhanced Dividend:
GS Enhanced Dividend GIVI Global Developed Equity
Developed Markets Large Cap & Mid Cap
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Balance above $250 million
Minimum annual fee
0.33%
0.23%
0.12%
$300,000
China:
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Next $500 million
Balance above $1 billion
Minimum annual fee
0.28%
0.20%
0.14%
0.11%
0.09%
$300,000
China A-Shares Select Equity Strategy
Developed Markets Large Cap & Mid Cap ESG
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Balance above $250 million
Minimum annual fee
0.65%
0.55%
0.50%
$500,000
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Next $500 million
Balance above $1 billion
Minimum annual fee
0.31%
0.23%
0.17%
0.14%
0.12%
$300,000
ActiveBeta®4
US Large Cap
Developed Markets All Cap
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Next $500 million
Balance above $1 billion
Minimum annual fee
0.23%
0.16%
0.11%
0.09%
0.08%
$300,000
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Next $500 million
Balance above $1 billion
Minimum annual fee
0.33%
0.24%
0.18%
0.14%
0.12%
$300,000
US Large Cap ESG
Developed Markets & Emerging Markets Large Cap
& Mid Cap
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Next $500 million
Balance above $1 billion
Minimum annual fee
0.26%
0.19%
0.14%
0.12%
0.11%
$300,000
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Next $500 million
Balance above $1 billion
Minimum annual fee
0.34%
0.25%
0.19%
0.15%
0.13%
$500,000
4 Fee schedules above reflect pricing for Multi-factor Strategies with a
Target Tracking Error of 1.5% - 3%. Additional fee schedules are available
upon request for Multi-factor Strategies with lower Target Tracking Error,
Single Factor Strategies and customized solutions, including licensing
arrangements.
5 Fee schedules above reflect pricing for Multi-factor Strategies with a
Target Tracking Error of 1.5% - 3%. Additional fee schedules are available
upon request for Multi-factor Strategies with lower Target Tracking Error,
Single Factor Strategies and customized solutions, including licensing
arrangements.
Page | 175
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Liquid Alternatives (continued)7
Trend
Volatility
ActiveBeta® (continued)5
Developed Markets & Emerging Markets Large Cap
& Mid Cap ESG
First $100 million
Balance above $100 million
Minimum annual fee
0.75%
0.70%
$500,000
Macro Absolute Return
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Next $500 million
Balance above $1 billion
Minimum annual fee
0.37%
0.28%
0.22%
0.18%
0.16%
$500,000
First $100 million
Balance above $100 million
Minimum annual fee
1.50%
1.40%
$500,000
Developed Markets & Emerging Markets
All Cap
Tax Advantaged Core Strategies (TACS)
Index Oriented - TACS*
All
0.35%
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Next $500 million
Balance above $1 billion
Minimum annual fee
0.39%
0.29%
0.23%
0.18%
0.16%
$500,000
*Intended for third-party distributors and /or financial institutions
offering the Goldman Sachs Tax Advantaged Core Strategies (TACS) to
clients through their distribution platform, and may not reflect the total
fees paid by clients.
Emerging Markets Large Cap & Mid Cap
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Next $500 million
Balance above $1 billion
Minimum annual fee
0.44%
0.34%
0.28%
0.22%
0.20%
$500,000
Emerging Markets Large Cap & Mid Cap ESG
First $100 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Next $500 million
Balance above $1 billion
Minimum annual fee
0.47%
0.37%
0.31%
0.25%
0.23%
$500,000
Liquid Alternatives6
Alternative Risk Premia
First $100 million
Balance above $100 million
Minimum annual fee
0.95%
0.90%
$500,000
Private Equity Tracker
First $100 million
Balance above $100 million
Minimum annual fee
0.95%
0.85%
$500,000
Hedge Fund Beta
First $100 million
Balance above $100 million
Minimum annual fee
0.85%
0.80%
$500,000
6 Fee schedules for Liquid Alternatives assume a standard portfolio with
volatility of 7-9%.
7 Fee schedules for Liquid Alternatives assume a standard portfolio with
volatility of 7-9%.
Page | 176
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
GSAMLP STANDARD FEE SCHEDULE – MULTI-ASSET
SOLUTIONS
GSAMLP does not maintain a standard fee schedule for MAS
Advisory Accounts. Actual fees are individually negotiated and
may vary depending on a number of factors, including the size of
the portfolios, the portfolio’s asset allocation, additional services
or differing levels of servicing or as otherwise agreed with the
client.
GSAMLP STANDARD FEE SCHEDULE – MODEL PORTFOLIO
ADVISER SERVICE
GSAMLP does not maintain a standard fee schedule for services to
Model Portfolio Advisers. Actual fees are individually negotiated
and vary due to the particular circumstances of the Model
Portfolio Adviser, additional or differing levels of servicing or as
otherwise agreed with the specific Model Portfolio Adviser.
GSAMLP STANDARD FEE SCHEDULE – GOLDMAN SACHS
WORKPLACE RETIREMENT SOLUTION
Managed Account
For Workplace Managed Account Services, fees are paid to GSAM
for its advisory services (“Workplace Managed Account Fees”) up
to 0.39% per year. The Workplace Managed Account Fees are
calculated and deducted from the plan account quarterly in
arrears based on the average daily balance of all participant
subaccounts enrolled in Workplace Managed Account Services for
the quarter.
If investment funds that pay an investment advisory fee to GSAM
or its affiliate are selected by a plan sponsor or another plan
fiduciary for the plan’s investment menu and are used in
Workplace Managed Account Services, the investment advisory
fees received by GSAM or its affiliate for the investment funds
generally will be credited on a pro rata basis against the
Workplace Managed Account Fees charged by GSAM.
Outsourced CIO – Defined Contribution
Where GSAM is engaged by a plan sponsor or another plan
fiduciary to select the plan’s investment menu (“Plan Manager
Fees”), fees for Plan Manager Services (“Plan Manager Fees”) are
up to 0.50% per year of all plan account assets. The minimum
quarterly Plan Manager Fee is $1,875 notwithstanding the agreed-
upon rate, which equates to a minimum annualized fee of $7,500.
The minimum quarterly fee applies regardless of whether a plan
has paid more than $7,500 in annualized fees. Plan Manager Fees
are calculated and charged quarterly in arrears.
Page | 177
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
GSAMLP STANDARD FEE SCHEDULE – WEALTH
MANAGEMENT SEPARATELY MANAGED ACCOUNTS
GSAMLP’s affiliate, GS&Co., and Goldman Sachs Wealth Services,
L.P., provides investment advisory services through its Wealth
Management unit. Wealth Advisors will from time to time
recommend or, where GS&Co. has discretionary authority to
appoint managers, select GSAMLP to manage all or a portion of a
client’s assets.
Absent special circumstances, the advisory fees associated with
the first asset tiers ($0-10mm) set forth in the below schedules
represent the maximum advisory fees that may currently be
charged for new Wealth Management separately managed
accounts. Fees for preexisting Wealth Management separately
managed accounts may be higher or lower per strategy or may
have negotiated a flat fee that is higher or lower than the current
rate shown below. Please note that certain clients may be subject
to minimum annual fees. Additionally, certain employees of the
firm or an affiliate may receive advisory services at lower rates or
on a fee free basis and may be able to invest at lower minimums
than clients currently invest.
Wealth Advisors will provide on-going client services with respect
to assets of PWM clients managed by GSAMLP and will receive a
portion of the fee charged by GSAMLP.
Index Oriented – Tax Advantaged Core Strategies
Dynamic Equity
$0-10 million
$10-25 million
$25-50 million
$50-100 million
$100-250 million
$250-500 million
More than $500 million
1.700%
1.100%
1.000%
0.900%
0.850%
0.800%
0.750%
$0-10 million
$10-25 million
$25-50 million
$50-100 million
$100-250 million
$250-500 million
More than $500 million
2.290%
1.740%
1.640%
1.540%
1.490%
1.440%
1.390%
Active Core Equity, MLP
Fixed Income
$0-10 million
$10-25 million
$25-50 million
$50-100 million
$100-250 million
$250-500 million
More than $500 million
1.900%
1.350%
1.250%
1.150%
1.100%
1.050%
1.000%
$0-10 million
$10-25 million
$25-50 million
$50-100 million
$100-250 million
$250-500 million
More than $500 million
0.750%
0.550%
0.500%
0.450%
0.400%
0.350%
0.300%
Active Satellite, Real Estate
Short Duration Fixed Income
$0-10 million
$10-25 million
$25-50 million
$50-100 million
$100-250 million
$250-500 million
More than $500 million
2.200%
1.650%
1.550%
1.450%
1.400%
1.350%
1.300%
$0-10 million
$10-25 million
$25-50 million
$50-100 million
$100-250 million
$250-500 million
More than $500 million
0.500%
0.450%
0.450%
0.400%
0.350%
0.300%
0.300%
All/SMid
Dynamic Fixed Income
$0-10 million
$10-25 million
$25-50 million
$50-100 million
$100-250 million
$250-500 million
More than $500 million
2.150%
1.600%
1.500%
1.400%
1.350%
1.300%
1.250%
$0-10 million
$10-25 million
$25-50 million
$50-100 million
$100-250 million
$250-500 million
More than $500 million
0.600%
0.600%
0.600%
0.600%
0.600%
0.600%
0.600%
Page | 178
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Other Fixed Income
$0-10 million
$10-25 million
$25-50 million
$50-100 million
$100-250 million
$250-500 million
More than $500 million
1.300%
1.300%
1.300%
1.300%
1.300%
1.300%
1.300%
Page | 179
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Appendix B – Select Non-U.S. Investment Vehicles Operated by Goldman Sachs
Entity
ADAMS ACQUISITION, L.P.
BROAD STREET REAL ESTATE CREDIT PARTNERS II OFFSHORE FEEDER FUND, L.P.
BROAD STREET REAL ESTATE CREDIT PARTNERS II OFFSHORE MASTER FUND, L.P.
BROAD STREET REAL ESTATE CREDIT PARTNERS III OFFSHORE FUND, L.P.
CIP 2011 PARTNERS OFFSHORE, L.P.
CLOVER OFFSHORE GP HOLDINGS (PARALLEL) LP
COLUMBUS OFFSHORE HOLDINGS LP
COLUMBUS OFFSHORE LP
COOK PARALLEL MASTER FUND LP
DISTRESSED MANAGERS II OFFSHORE HOLDINGS LP
DISTRESSED MANAGERS II OFFSHORE LP
DISTRESSED MANAGERS III OFFSHORE HOLDINGS LP
DISTRESSED MANAGERS III OFFSHORE LP
DSTG-2 2011 INVESTORS OFFSHORE, L.P.
GOLDMAN SACHS DEVELOPING MARKETS REAL ESTATE PMD QP FUND OFFSHORE, LTD.
GS CAPITAL PARTNERS 2000 OFFSHORE, L.P.
GS CAPITAL PARTNERS V EMPLOYEE JAPAN FUND, L.P.
GS CAPITAL PARTNERS V OFFSHORE FUND, L.P.
GS CAPITAL PARTNERS V OFFSHORE, L.P.
GS CAPITAL PARTNERS V PCP JAPAN FUND, L.P.
GS CAPITAL PARTNERS VI PMD JAPAN ESC FUND OFFSHORE, L.P.
GS EMPLOYEE FUND 2000 OFFSHORE (CORPORATE), L.P.
GS MEZZANINE PARTNERS V OFFSHORE FUND, L.P.
GS PIA 2000 EMPLOYEE OFFSHORE FUND, L.P.
GSCP V AIV, L.P.
HAMILTON ACQUISITION, L.P.
MBD 2011 HOLDINGS, L.P.
PEA GEORGETOWN OFFSHORE HOLDINGS LLC
Page | 180
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
PERRY PRIVATE OPPORTUNITIES ACCESS OFFSHORE HOLDINGS LP
PERRY PRIVATE OPPORTUNITIES FUND OFFSHORE LP
PETERSHILL PMD QP OFFSHORE LP
PLUM HOLDINGS LP
PRIVATE EQUITY HOLDINGS HEYDEN LP
PRIVATE EQUITY HOLDINGS VA LP
PRIVATE EQUITY MANAGERS (CONCENTRATED) OFFSHORE HOLDINGS LP
PRIVATE EQUITY PARTNERS 2000 OFFSHORE HOLDINGS LP
PRIVATE EQUITY PARTNERS 2000 OFFSHORE LP
TDN ACCESS OFFSHORE LP
VF III HOLDINGS, L.P.
VINTAGE II OFFSHORE LP
VINTAGE III OFFSHORE HOLDINGS LP
VINTAGE III OFFSHORE LP
VINTAGE REAL ESTATE PARTNERS III OFFSHORE (G) FOREIGN INCOME BLOCKER LTD
W2008 INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SUB LTD.
WHITEHALL STREET INTERNATIONAL EMPLOYEE MASTER FUND 2008, L.P.
WHITEHALL STREET INTERNATIONAL REPIA FUND 2001 (CORPORATE), L.P.
WHITEHALL STREET INTERNATIONAL REPIA FUND 2001, L.P.
WHITEHALL STREET INTERNATIONAL REPIA FUND 2005 CORP., L.P.
WHITEHALL STREET INTERNATIONAL REPIA FUND 2005, L.P.
Page | 181
Primary Brochure: GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT LP FORM ADV, PART2A - FOR PRIVATE WEALTH MANAGEMENT (2026-03-31)
View Document Text
Form ADV Part 2A Brochure
March 31, 2026
Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P.
200 West Street
New York, NY 10282
(212) 902-1000
Goldman Sachs Asset Management (Hong Kong) Limited
Cheung Kong Center, 68th Floor
2 Queen’s Road
Central, Hong Kong
People’s Republic of China
Goldman Sachs Asset Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.
1 Raffles Link
07-01 South Lobby
Singapore 039393
Goldman Sachs Asset Management International
Plumtree Court
25 Shoe Lane
London EC4A 4AU
United Kingdom
Goldman Sachs Asset Management Co. Ltd.
Roppongi Hills Mori Tower
10-1 Roppongi 6-chome
Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6147
Japan
WWW.GOLDMANSACHS.COM
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
This brochure (“Brochure”) provides information about the qualifications and business practices of the
registrants listed below (each, a “Registrant” and collectively, the “Registrants”).
Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (“GSAMLP”)
Goldman Sachs Asset Management International (“GSAMI”)
Goldman Sachs Asset Management Co. Ltd. (“GSAMC”)
Goldman Sachs Asset Management (Hong Kong) Limited (“GSAMHK”)
Goldman Sachs Asset Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (“GSAMS”)
If you have any questions about the contents of this Brochure, please contact us at the following numbers:
For GSAMLP: 212-902-1000
For GSAMC: 81-3-6437-6000
For GSAMI: 011-44-207-774-1000
For GSAMHK: 852-2978-1000
For GSAMS: 65-6889-1000
The information in this Brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and
Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any state securities authority. Investment adviser registration does not
imply a certain level of skill or training.
Additional information about the Registrants also is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Page | 2
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Material Changes
This Brochure is dated March 31, 2026, and is the annual updating amendment to the brochure dated March 31,
2025 filed by the Registrants. There have been no material changes to this Brochure since the last annual
updating amendment. Registrants have made certain other updates to this Brochure to reflect that the private
alternatives business previously conducted by Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC is now conducted through GSAMLP
(together with the private alternatives businesses of other Registrants, “GSAM Private”). The Registrants have
also updated and expanded disclosures relating to their business operations, particularly in the following areas:
Item 5 - Fees and Compensation
Item 6 - Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
Item 8 - Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Item 10 - Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Item 11 - Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities
For ease of reference, capitalized terms that are defined when first used in the Brochure are also defined in the
Glossary.
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Form ADV March 31, 2026
Table of Contents
Item 4 – Advisory Business ........................................................................................................................................... 5
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation ................................................................................................................................ 12
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ................................................................................ 27
Item 7 – Types of Clients ............................................................................................................................................. 37
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ........................................................................... 39
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information ................................................................................................................................ 89
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ........................................................................................ 90
Item 11 – Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading .................................... 112
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices ................................................................................................................................... 138
Item 13 – Review of Accounts ................................................................................................................................... 148
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation ................................................................................................... 149
Item 15 – Custody .................................................................................................................................................... 151
Item 16 – Investment Discretion ............................................................................................................................... 152
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities .............................................................................................................................. 152
Item 18 – Financial Information ................................................................................................................................ 156
Glossary ................................................................................................................................................................... 157
Appendix A – Fee Schedules ..................................................................................................................................... 164
Appendix B – Select Non-U.S. Investment Vehicles Operated by Goldman Sachs ......................................................... 166
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Item 4 – Advisory Business
This Brochure relates to GSAMLP, GSAMI, GSAMC, GSAMHK and GSAMS.1
The Registrants are part of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (“GS Group”), a public company that is a bank holding company
and financial holding company under the Bank holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (“BHCA”) and a world-wide, full-
service financial services organization. GS Group and its subsidiaries (“Goldman Sachs”) deliver a broad range of financial
services to a large and diversified client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and individuals.
For business and regulatory reasons, Goldman Sachs has established certain information barriers and other policies
designed to address information sharing between different businesses within Goldman Sachs (including within GSAM), as
discussed throughout this Brochure.
The Registrants, together with various affiliates as described in this Brochure, comprise the asset management business of
Goldman Sachs Asset & Wealth Management (“Asset & Wealth Management”). As used in this Brochure, “GSAM” refers to
the various business units (also referred to as teams) that perform investment advisory services on behalf of the asset
management business of Asset & Wealth Management. The disclosure contained in this Brochure applies to each
Registrant, except where a specific Registrant is identified or where the context clearly indicates that such disclosure
applies to fewer than all Registrants. This Brochure also describes the investment advisory services provided by GSAM to
clients of the Private Wealth Management (“PWM”) unit of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (“GS&Co.”).
Principal Owners and Operating History of Registrants
GSAMLP is wholly-owned by GSAM Holdings LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of GS Group. GSAM Holdings LLC is also the
general partner of GSAMLP. GSAMLP has been providing financial solutions for investors since 1988.
GSAMI is wholly-owned by Goldman Sachs Asset Management International Holdings Limited, an indirect wholly-owned
subsidiary of GS Group. GSAMI, which is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), as well as the SEC, has been
providing financial solutions for investors since 1990.
GSAMC is wholly-owned by Goldman Sachs Asset Management International Holdings LLC (“GSAMIH”), an indirect wholly-
owned subsidiary of GS Group. GSAMC, which is regulated by the Financial Services Agency, the Kanto Financial Bureau, the
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, the Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission, the Tokyo
Metropolitan Government and the SEC, has been providing financial solutions for investors since 1990.
GSAMHK is a Hong Kong company and is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of GS Group. The sole shareholder of
GSAMHK is GSAMIH. GSAMHK is regulated by the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong and the SEC.
1 Each of GSAMI, GSAMC, GSAMHK and GSAMS has its principal office and place of business outside the United States. This
Brochure is provided to their U.S. clients in connection with their advisory services to U.S. clients and U.S. investors. The
Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”) and other U.S. federal securities laws generally will not
apply to a foreign registered investment adviser’s relationship with its non-U.S. clients outside of the United States.
Accordingly, the provisions of such U.S. laws and underlying regulations, which may include various mechanisms designed
to protect investors, will not be applicable to a non-U.S. client’s relationship with GSAMI, GSAMC, GSAMHK, or GSAMS, and
GSAM makes no representation that such protective mechanisms will be available.
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GSAMS is a Singapore company and is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of GS Group. The sole shareholder of GSAMS is
GSAMIH. GSAMS is regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore and the SEC.
GSAM’s Advisory Services
GSAM’s advisory services are offered through a variety of investment products and arrangements, depending on the
strategy. These include separately managed accounts (either directly or through wrap fee programs) and pooled investment
vehicles such as mutual funds and private investment funds. Depending on the strategy, investment advice to clients is
provided on a discretionary or non-discretionary basis. GSAM also advises individual and institutional investors with regard
to alternative investments, including hedge funds, private equity funds, funds of funds, co-investments and other
opportunities.
Depending on the investment strategy employed on behalf of a particular client and the investment team managing a
particular client’s assets, GSAM’s advisory services include, but are not limited to, portfolio construction, portfolio
evaluation, portfolio rebalancing, asset allocation, risk assessment, risk management, liquidity management, diversification
solutions, customized hedging, tactical investments, credit analysis, review of investment and co-investment opportunities,
investment structuring, reporting and accounting services, and the review, selection, and oversight of third-party managers.
GSAM also provides retirement plan consulting services, as well as solutions unique to life, health, property, and casualty
reinsurers and reinsurance clients, and the negotiation and administration of Stable Value Contracts.
GSAM also offers goal and risk-based financial planning and portfolio management services (such services are referred to
herein as “Managed Account Services”). Managed Account Services provided by GSAM are generally delivered to accounts
(“Enrolled Participant Accounts”) for enrolled plan participants or retail investors (“Enrolled Participants”) through an
automated software platform (the “Software Platform”) developed by GSAM.
For certain investment strategies, GSAM provides model portfolios to investment advisers that are affiliated with Goldman
Sachs (“Affiliated Advisers”), as well as investment advisers that are unaffiliated with Goldman Sachs, including (i)
investment advisers that are not controlled by Goldman Sachs but in which certain Advisory Accounts hold equity, profits or
other interests, (ii) investment advisers, including registered investment advisers, with which Goldman Sachs has business
relationships (collectively, “Unaffiliated Advisers” and, together with Affiliated Advisers, “Advisers”), and (iii) broker-
dealers, technology providers, turnkey asset management providers, and other financial intermediaries that are unaffiliated
with Goldman Sachs, in each case that use such model portfolios to assist in developing their own investment
recommendations and managing their client accounts. In addition, as further described in Item 12, Brokerage Practices,
GSAM also executes portfolio transactions at the direction of certain Advisory Accounts. Goldman Sachs can invest in, and
currently maintains a minority investment in certain of these financial intermediaries.
In addition, GSAM provides services incidental to managing Advisory Account assets, including hedging interest rate or
currency risk for Advisory Accounts and related cash management, disposing of assets distributed in kind by Advisers, trade
order transmission and execution services, and providing Advisory Accounts with access to due diligence reports and other
information with respect to one or more Underlying Funds and Unaffiliated Advisers (“Diligence Reports”). Incidental
services may also include entering into and negotiating the terms and conditions of agreements related to the management
of client assets for discretionary accounts, providing publications and reports to clients on a variety of topics, providing non-
personalized investment-related plan implementation and educational services, assisting clients in the review, search and
selection of a variety of service providers for their programs, and providing searches for, or evaluations of, retirement
income or annuity-based products. GSAM also provides model asset allocation portfolios and analysis of third party
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manager fees, comparative analysis of fees and expenses, and analysis of components of fees and expenses. GSAM may
also use artificial intelligence to support its provision of investment advisory services.
For information about GSAM’s strategies and solutions, please see Item 8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and
Risk of Loss.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Clients have the option to impose reasonable restrictions on the management of their separate accounts, including
restricting particular securities or types of investments, provided that GSAM accepts such restrictions. Any such restrictions
will be reflected in the investment guidelines or other documentation applicable to the Advisory Account. GSAM may, in its
discretion, hold the amount that would have been invested in the restricted security in cash or money market funds, invest
in substitute securities, or invest it across the other securities in the strategy that are not restricted.
Absent specific instructions to the contrary, certain types of account limitations requested by clients, for example
prohibiting investments in particular industries or limiting investments to those in certain socially responsible categories,
may be defined or identified by reference to information provided by a third-party service provider selected by GSAM.
GSAM will generally apply such restrictions based on GSAM’s internal policies and procedures or methodologies and the
policies and methodologies of the service provider. The methodology used by GSAM or these service providers to analyze
companies may change without notice to clients. There can be no assurance that the information provided by any such
service provider is complete or accurate. See also Item 8, General Risks—Environmental, Social Impact, and Governance
Considerations.
Unaffiliated Advisers appointed by GSAM on behalf of clients or Manager of Manager Accounts are responsible for making
investment decisions consistent with the investment guidelines and restrictions developed by GSAM. Where GSAM is the
investment adviser to a pooled investment vehicle, investment objectives, guidelines and any investment restrictions are
not tailored to the needs of individual investors in those vehicles, but rather apply to the vehicle and are described in the
prospectus or other relevant offering document for the vehicle. When an XIG Program Fund invests in a third-party
managed Underlying Fund, investment objectives, guidelines and any investment restrictions of the third-party managed
Underlying Fund are described in the prospectus or other relevant offering document for the third-party managed
Underlying Fund.
As part of Goldman Sachs, a global financial services organization that is subject to a number of legal and regulatory
requirements, GSAM is subject to, and has itself adopted, internal guidelines restrictions and policies that restrict
investment decisions and activities on behalf of Advisory Accounts under certain circumstances. See Item 11, Code of
Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Accounts—
Firm Policies, Regulatory Restrictions, and Certain Other Factors Affecting Advisory Accounts.
Additional Investment Restrictions Applicable to GSAM Stable Value Advisory Accounts
For retirement plans and other Advisory Accounts that have a “stable value” or similar investment objective, providers of
wrap, separate account or other benefit responsive agreements (“Stable Value Contracts”) typically require that the
Advisory Account be managed within specified guidelines as a part of their underwriting and contract process. These
guidelines are generally in addition to those imposed by the Advisory Account, and limit the scope or types of investments
that GSAM might otherwise include within an Advisory Account’s portfolio, which could result in a lower return to
investors. These restrictions typically also apply to Unaffiliated Advisers or Underlying Funds that are included within an
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Advisory Account’s portfolio and, with respect to Underlying Funds, could affect investors who would not otherwise be
subject to these limitations (e.g., investors that do not have “stable value” or a similar objective).
WRAP FEE PROGRAMS
GSAM’s investment advisory services are also available through various consulting or bundled “wrap fee” programs (“Wrap
Programs”) sponsored by certain broker-dealers, including affiliates of GSAM (“Sponsors”).
A client in a Wrap Program typically receives professional investment management of account assets through one or more
investment advisers (including GSAM) participating in the program. Except for execution charges for certain transactions as
described below, clients pay a single, all-inclusive (or “wrap”) fee charged by the Sponsor based on the value of the client’s
account assets for asset management, trade execution, custody, performance monitoring and reporting through the
Sponsor. The Sponsor typically assists the client in defining the client’s investment objectives based on information
provided by the client, aids in the selection of one or more investment advisers to manage the client’s account, and
periodically contacts the client to ascertain whether there have been any changes in the client’s financial circumstances or
investment objectives that warrant a change in the management of the client’s assets. In certain Wrap Programs, the
Sponsor contracts with other investment advisers to perform these services. In a Wrap Program, the Sponsor typically pays
GSAM a fee based on the assets of clients invested in the applicable GSAM strategy in the Wrap Program. In certain cases,
GSAM is instead paid fees based on the size of the total Wrap Program assets under management. The fees that GSAM
charges one Sponsor may differ from the fees that GSAM charges another Sponsor in connection with managing the same
strategy (including as a result of negotiations with particular Sponsors, which may take into account the size and scope of
the overall relationship with such Sponsors, among other factors). As a result, Wrap Program clients of one Sponsor may
pay more (or less) overall for the same GSAM strategy than the amount paid by Wrap Program clients of another Sponsor
or by other Advisory Accounts.
A Wrap Program client may be able to obtain some or all of the services available through a particular Wrap Program on an
“unbundled” basis through the Sponsor of that program or through other firms (including, as described below in this Item 4,
Advisory Business—Wrap Fee Programs—Dual Contract Arrangements, through dual contract arrangements pursuant to
which GSAM acts as investment adviser). Depending on the circumstances, the aggregate of any separately-paid fees
(including in connection with a dual contract arrangement) may be lower (or higher) than the wrap fee charged in the Wrap
Program. Payment of a bundled asset-based wrap fee may or may not produce accounting, bookkeeping, or income tax
results better than those resulting from the separate payment of (i) securities commissions and other execution costs on a
trade-by-trade basis and (ii) advisory fees.
In connection with investment advisory services provided pursuant to a Wrap Program, GSAM will not have access to
fulsome information regarding the Wrap Program client’s financial circumstances, investment objectives or overall
investment portfolio. In addition, GSAM may receive information about the client at a different time than the Sponsor. As a
result, any determination by GSAM as to the appropriateness or suitability for a Wrap Program client of a particular
investment will be made without regard to the portion of the client’s portfolio that is not managed by GSAM, and such
determinations may be different than would have been the case had GSAM had access to fulsome information regarding
the client’s financial circumstances, investment objectives and overall investment portfolio.
The following describes some of the differences between Wrap Program Advisory Accounts and other Advisory Accounts.
Wrap Program clients should also review the Wrap Fee Program Brochure provided by the Sponsor, which contains
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Form ADV March 31, 2026
additional information about the Wrap Program, including fees and compensation, and the evaluation and selection of
investment advisers for the Wrap Program.
Management of Wrap Accounts
Wrap Program Advisory Accounts may not be managed identically to institutional Advisory Accounts. Purchases that are
implemented for institutional Advisory Accounts will not always be reflected or fully reflected in a Wrap Program Advisory
Account that follows the same or a substantially similar strategy. For example, certain Wrap Program Advisory Accounts are
constructed and managed with position thresholds and parameters around new positions and changes to weightings in
existing positions. These guidelines are specific to Wrap Programs and will generally not apply to institutional or pooled
investment vehicle Advisory Accounts. These guidelines are at the discretion of the portfolio management teams and may
be set and/or changed without notice to clients. Wrap Program Advisory Accounts may also be managed with the goal of
maintaining different cash balances than other types of Advisory Accounts, including institutional Advisory Accounts, in
order to manage the impact of relatively frequent inflows and outflows. For these and other reasons, clients should expect
the holdings of Wrap Program Advisory Accounts to differ from one another, from Advisory Accounts that do not
participate in the Wrap Program, and from those of the model portfolio for the relevant strategy. Deviations between
holdings in a Wrap Program Advisory Account and a model portfolio generally are not considered errors. Deviations in
holdings from the model portfolio for the strategy will contribute to performance differences between Wrap Program
Accounts and institutional Advisory Accounts.
Trading Considerations and Best Execution for Wrap Accounts
Where GSAM is retained as investment adviser under a Wrap Program, GSAM generally does not negotiate on the client’s
behalf brokerage commissions and charges for transactions in the Wrap Program client’s Advisory Account executed
through the Sponsor. These commissions and charges are generally included in the “wrap” fee charged by the Sponsor,
although certain execution costs are typically not included in this fee and are, in certain cases, charged to the client in
addition to the wrap fee paid by clients (including, but not limited to, broker-dealer spreads, certain broker-dealer mark-ups
or mark-downs on principal transactions, fees and other expenses related to transactions in depository receipts, including
fees associated with foreign ordinary conversion, creation fees charged by third parties, foreign exchange costs and foreign
tax charges, auction fees, fees charged by exchanges on a per transaction basis, debit balances and margin interest, certain
odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes, electronic fund and wire transfer fees, fees in connection with trustee and other
services rendered by Goldman Sachs, fees on NASDAQ transactions, certain costs associated with trading in foreign
securities and other property, certain fees in connection with trust accounting, or the establishment, administration, or
termination of retirement plans, any other charges mandated by law, and certain other execution costs).
GSAM has discretion to select broker-dealers to execute trades for certain Wrap Program Advisory Accounts it manages.
Subject to its obligation to seek best execution, GSAM generally places such trades through the Sponsor or its designated
broker-dealer because (i) typically the all-inclusive fee paid by each Wrap Program client only covers certain execution costs
on agency trades executed through the Sponsor or its affiliates (but does not cover execution costs for trades executed
away from the Sponsor or its affiliates, or certain other costs as described below) and (ii) Wrap Program Advisory Accounts
are typically custodied with the Wrap Program Sponsor. In addition, operational limitations with these types of accounts
may make trading away from the Sponsor more difficult. Wrap Program Advisory Accounts also do not participate in new
issues (including initial public offerings), as they are settled on a principal basis through the underwriters. The result of
these limitations on trading away from the Sponsor may be that the overall execution of trades and performance in a Wrap
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Form ADV March 31, 2026
Program Advisory Account is less favorable than it is for other Advisory Accounts managed by GSAM. Clients who enroll in
Wrap Programs should satisfy themselves that the Sponsor is able to provide best price and execution of transactions.
Clients should also be aware that transactions in Wrap Program Advisory Accounts will generally produce increased trading
flow for the Wrap Program Sponsor. In addition, legal and/or regulatory considerations may result in GSAM not selecting
certain broker-dealers to execute trades for Wrap Program Advisory Accounts, even when those broker-dealers offer the
lowest available commission rates, or lower commission rates than the Sponsor or its affiliates. See Item 12, Brokerage
Practices—Broker-Dealer Selection.
If GSAM selects a broker-dealer other than the Sponsor or its affiliates to effect an agency trade for a Wrap Program
Advisory Account, clients should expect that any execution costs charged by that other broker-dealer will be charged to the
Advisory Account in addition to the “wrap” fee charged by the Sponsor. For fixed-income trades, and in certain
circumstances for trades in equity accounts, transactions may be effected on a principal basis and therefore the spread,
mark-ups and mark-downs will be paid by the account on those trades to the third-party broker-dealer. Such execution
costs are in addition to the wrap fee paid by clients. Wrap Program clients investing in a strategy with significant fixed
income weightings may pay a disproportionately high fee for execution services, relative to payment on a per transaction
basis.
In other Wrap Program arrangements, GSAM does not have discretion to select broker-dealers to execute trades for the
Wrap Program Advisory Accounts it manages. In such cases, GSAM is not responsible for “best execution” of trades GSAM
enters into on behalf of the client, but rather GSAM takes direction as to the use of brokers from either the client or the
Unaffiliated Adviser.
Wrap Program clients should also be aware that GSAM offers a variety of strategies through wrap platforms that may, at
various times, result in a higher or lower “turnover” of investment securities. Wrap Program clients investing in a strategy
or time period with lower investment turnover may pay a disproportionately high fee for execution services, relative to
payment on a per transaction basis. In addition, GSAM generally will not aggregate transactions for Wrap Program Advisory
Accounts with those of other accounts, and therefore Wrap Program Advisory Accounts will not benefit from a better price
and lower commission rate or lower transaction cost that might have been available had the transactions been aggregated.
Any securities or other assets used to establish a Wrap Program Advisory Account may be sold, and the client will be
responsible for payment of any taxes due. Clients should consult their tax advisor or accountant regarding the tax
treatment of their account under a Wrap Program.
Wrap Program clients may request that GSAM engage in trades intended to offset capital gains tax liability. For additional
information about this strategy, please see Item 8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss—Methods
of Analysis and Investment Strategies—Quantitative Equity Solutions below.
As described above and in Item 12, Brokerage Practices, Wrap Programs present unique considerations and as a result it is
likely that performance of Wrap Program Advisory Accounts will differ from, and potentially underperform that of, GSAM’s
other Advisory Accounts with the same or substantially similar investment strategies and the model portfolio for the
relevant strategy. Wrap Program clients should consider whether their overall needs are best met through investments in a
Wrap Program Advisory Account or in another product or service with different portfolio management and trading features.
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Single Contract and Dual Contract Arrangements
In addition to acting as an investment adviser in connection with Wrap Programs, as described above, GSAM acts as an
investment adviser, on a sub-advisory basis, pursuant to “single contract” and “dual contract” managed account
arrangements. GSAM also acts as sub-adviser to clients who authorize their investment advisers to retain GSAM (directly or
indirectly) to provide discretionary investment management services. In such arrangements, an Unaffiliated Adviser and its
client enter into an agreement with regard to the Unaffiliated Adviser’s overall management of the client’s assets pursuant
to which the Unaffiliated Adviser identifies managers and strategies that it believes are suitable for each client. Either the
Unaffiliated Adviser or the client then selects the applicable managers to manage portions of the client’s portfolio.
In “single contract” arrangements and sub-advisory arrangements, if GSAM is selected, GSAM enters into an agreement
with the Unaffiliated Adviser pursuant to which GSAM will provide investment advice with respect to a portion of the
portfolios of certain clients of the Unaffiliated Adviser. However, GSAM does not enter into a separate agreement with each
applicable client. In a “dual contract” arrangement, on the other hand, GSAM enters into an agreement with each of the
Unaffiliated Adviser’s clients that selects GSAM. As a result, a client in a single contract arrangement enters into a single
contract with the Unaffiliated Adviser, whereas a client in a dual contract arrangement enters into two separate contracts—
one with the Unaffiliated Adviser and another with GSAM.
In connection with the arrangements described above, the considerations relating to limitations on GSAM’s access to
information about the client described above in this Item 4, Advisory Business—Wrap Fee Programs will apply. As a result,
determinations by GSAM as to the appropriateness or suitability for a client in such an arrangement of a particular
investment will be made without regard to the portion of the client’s portfolio that is not managed by GSAM, and such
determinations may be different than would have been the case had GSAM had access to more fulsome information
regarding the client and its portfolio.
In the context of single contract and dual contract arrangements, execution may be handled by one of the methods
outlined above under “Trading Considerations and Best Execution for Wrap Accounts” or by the applicable Unaffiliated
Adviser. In a single contract arrangement, the Unaffiliated Adviser typically pays GSAM a fee out of the fees that the
Unaffiliated Adviser received from the client, which is based on the assets managed by GSAM. In dual contract and
subadvisory arrangements, the client typically pays GSAM a fee based on the assets managed by GSAM, which is in addition
to fees owed by the client to the Unaffiliated Adviser. Clients with single contract, subadvisory and dual contract
arrangements through a particular Unaffiliated Adviser may pay higher (or lower) fees than other clients of the same
Unaffiliated Adviser or clients with such arrangements through other Unaffiliated Advisers (including as a result of
negotiations with the particular Unaffiliated Adviser, which may take into account the size and scope of the overall
relationship with the Unaffiliated Adviser, among other factors). For example, GSAM may have relationships or other
arrangements with certain Unaffiliated Advisers pursuant to which GSAM provides favorable pricing to clients with single,
subadvisory or dual contract arrangements through such Unaffiliated Advisers based on factors including, but not limited
to, the aggregate amount of assets managed for each such Unaffiliated Adviser. Furthermore, not all clients of a particular
Unaffiliated Adviser will receive the benefit of such favorable pricing, even though their assets may be counted for purposes
of determining fee breakpoints applicable to other client accounts. The availability of favorable pricing based on aggregate
assets allocated to GSAM creates an incentive for Unaffiliated Advisers to allocate client assets to GSAM, including assets
that would not have otherwise been so allocated. Furthermore, depending upon the compensation arrangements between
an Unaffiliated Adviser and its clients (e.g., arrangements whereby fees paid to GSAM are paid by the Unaffiliated Advisor
out of fees received by its clients and not by the clients themselves), an Unaffiliated Adviser could benefit, directly or
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Form ADV March 31, 2026
indirectly, from allocation of assets to GSAM if the Unaffiliated Adviser would pay higher fees to a manager other than
GSAM. Such benefits may further incentivize an Unaffiliated Adviser to allocate assets to GSAM.
As described above in this Item 4, Advisory Business—Single Contract and Dual Contract Arrangements, given that fees in a
single or dual contract arrangement are generally payable on an “unbundled” basis, clients that enter into such
arrangements with GSAM may pay, in the aggregate, lower (or higher) fees than Wrap Program clients or institutional
Advisory Accounts, depending on the services provided by GSAM in connection with such arrangements and the fees for
such services relative to the wrap fee payable by a client in a Wrap Program.
GSAM clients with single or dual contract arrangements should refer to the Form ADV of the applicable Unaffiliated Adviser
for additional information regarding the single or dual contract arrangement, as applicable.
ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT
The assets under management of each Registrant as of December 31, 2025 are set forth below:
Name of Registrant
Total Assets Under
Management
Discretionary Assets Under
Management
Non-Discretionary Assets
Under Management
GSAMLP
$2,648,902,942,827
$79,166,738,016
$2,569,736,204,810
GSAMI
$621,020,040,973
$620,971,050,525
$48,990,448
GSAMC
$71,833,030,718
$71,833,030,718
$0
GSAMHK
$21,189,475,396
$21,189,475,396
$0
GSAMS
$13,777,866,083
$13,777,866,083
$0
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation
COMPENSATION FOR ADVISORY SERVICES
Separately Managed Accounts
Clients generally pay advisory fees for separate account management based on a percentage of assets (generally of the net
asset value of the assets, or, with respect to certain Advisory Accounts, the book value or the levered or notional value of
the assets) in their Advisory Accounts. Certain clients also pay advisory fees for separate account management based on
other criteria, including, for example, based on the amount of assets a client determines to allocate to investments
recommended by GSAM in respect of a non-discretionary Advisory Account. In addition, certain clients pay a flat fee for
certain types of advisory services, such as asset allocation advice and the provision of model portfolios. The actual fees,
minimum fees and minimum account sizes for GSAM may be negotiated, and a client could pay more or less than the fees
set forth in this Brochure, or more or less than similar clients or clients invested in similar strategies. Amounts may vary as a
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result of negotiations, discussions and/or factors such as the particular circumstances of the client, the size and scope of the
overall client relationship, client customization of the investment guidelines, additional or differing levels of servicing, or as
may be otherwise agreed with specific clients. Servicing arrangements such as reporting also varies among clients. In some
cases, clients with multiple Advisory Accounts may be able to aggregate accounts managed by GSAM within each product
or across Advisory Accounts, for purposes of applying lower fee rates at higher asset levels (referred to herein as
“breakpoints”) or reduced fee schedules. Registrants, in their discretion, with respect to certain clients, agree to lower fees,
waive minimums on fees, provide lowest available fee arrangements, or allow credits or offsets relating to certain types or
specified amounts of expenses. Clients that negotiate fees with differing breakpoints, including flat fees and performance-
based fees, may pay a higher fee than the fees set forth in this Brochure as a result of fluctuations in the amount of the
client’s assets under management and account performance.
Please see Appendix A for the fee schedules generally attributable to separately managed accounts advised by each of
GSAMLP, GSAMI, GSAMC, GSAMHK and GSAMS. For certain separately managed accounts, GSAMLP does not maintain a
standard fee schedule. Actual fees are individually negotiated with each Advisory Account client, vary depending on a
number of factors, including those described above, and are set forth in the governing documents for the applicable
Advisory Account.
In certain cases, GSAM is also compensated for performing diligence on, and advising clients whether or not to participate
in, potential investment opportunities for such clients’ Advisory Accounts that are not otherwise made available to other
Advisory Accounts or in which other Advisory Accounts do not otherwise participate. The compensation that GSAM
receives in respect of such diligence and advice will vary, and may be dependent on the clients’ determination to
participate in the potential investment opportunities.
Pooled Investment Vehicle Fees
GSAM acts as investment adviser to pooled investment vehicles such as mutual funds, collective investment trusts, private
investment funds, and other pooled investment vehicles (e.g., hedge funds, private equity funds, funds of funds, private
credit funds, real estate funds and business development companies). GSAM’s fees for such services are based on each
investment vehicle’s particular structure, investment process, and other factors. GSAM generally receives a management
fee for management of non-private investment funds and a management fee and an incentive fee or allocation (which, in
certain cases, takes the form of a carried interest and which, in certain cases, is received by an affiliate of GSAM) from
private investment funds (other than certain categories of private investment funds, including but not limited to certain XIG
Program Funds and long-only funds), business development companies, and certain registered investment companies. The
amount and structure of the management fee, incentive fee and/or allocation varies from fund to fund (and may vary
significantly depending on the investment fund) and is set forth in the prospectus or other relevant offering document for
each fund. In certain cases, investors receive fee reductions of all or a portion of the management fee (and/or incentive fee
or allocation) attributable to that investor’s interest in the pooled investment vehicle, or invest fee free in pooled
investment vehicles and pay negotiated fees outside of the pooled investment vehicle, which may be based on a separate
fee schedule agreed upon by GSAM and/or its affiliates and the applicable investor.
Certain of GSAM’s fee structures create an incentive for GSAM to cause the pooled investment vehicles to make
investments earlier in the life of such vehicle than otherwise would have been the case, redeploy investment proceeds in
order to receive ongoing asset-based fees, or defer the disposition of a poorly performing investment in order to defer any
potential clawback obligation, continue to receive asset-based management fees, or possibly receive a larger carried
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interest and/or incentive allocation if the value of the investment increases in the future. GSAM receives similar fees from
other types of vehicles (e.g., securitization vehicles) in respect of the advisory services GSAM provides to such vehicles.
Under the governing documents of an Advisory Account, GSAM may offset some of, or all of, certain fees it receives from
portfolio companies or Advisory Accounts against management fees otherwise payable by Advisory Accounts. If GSAM
provides services and receives fees that could be characterized as more than one type of fee, GSAM will be incentivized to
characterize those fees in a way that minimizes the management fee offset. In addition, from time to time determinations
are made regarding the characterization of proceeds received by Accounts relating to an investment (including those
proceeds distributed as capital to investors in the Accounts). Such determinations could include, but are not limited to,
characterizing such proceeds as an amortization, distribution, prepayment of loan principal, and/or dividend
recapitalization. It is possible that the characterization determined to apply could result in GSAM receiving greater
management fees than would be the case under another characterization, and/or result in GSAM or an affiliate receiving
performance-based compensation earlier than would be the case under another characterization. GSAM can, but is under
no obligation to, rely on a determination by a third-party servicer with respect to any such characterization of proceeds.
Furthermore, GSAM generally treats costs directly related to acquiring an asset (e.g., transaction fees and/or deal fees) as
part of the total invested capital, rather than as expenses. To the extent management fees are calculated based on invested
capital, this practice increases the basis on which management fees are calculated and results in greater management fees
owed to GSAM. This conflict is exacerbated when the capitalized fees are paid to Goldman Sachs because in such cases
Goldman Sachs receives both the transaction and/or deal fees and the management fee.
Certain investors that are invested in pooled investment vehicles pay higher or lower fees and/or are subject to higher or
lower carried interest and/or incentive allocations than similarly situated investors that are invested in the same pooled
investment vehicle. Amounts, rates, breakpoints, hurdles or similar calculation methodologies vary as a result of
negotiations, discussions and/or factors such as the particular circumstances of the investor, the size and scope of the
overall relationship, whether the investor has a multi-strategy, multi-asset class or multi-product investment program with
Goldman Sachs or GSAM, or as may be otherwise agreed with specific investors. Fees and allocations charged to investors
may differ depending on the class of shares or other interests purchased.
Master-feeder funds (i.e., structures in which investors invest in entities commonly referred to as feeder funds, which then
invest their assets in other entities commonly referred to as master funds), XIG Program Funds, and certain other funds are
subject to multiple levels of expenses and, in certain cases, are subject to multiple levels of fees. Certain pooled investment
vehicles are also subject to subscription and/or redemption/withdrawal fees, including in connection with early redemption
penalties, described in the relevant offering and governing documentation.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in certain cases, GSAM provides investment advisory services to funds without receiving
any fee for such services. In these cases, Goldman Sachs may receive placement fees or compensation for other non-
investment advisory services from the funds, the investors in the funds (including Advisory Accounts), or from the
companies or Underlying Funds in which the Goldman Sachs-managed funds invest. The terms of any such arrangements
are disclosed in the governing documents or disclosure documents relating to the Goldman Sachs-managed funds.
Management fees and incentive fees or allocations are generally not payable by funds raised for the benefit of Goldman
Sachs employees.
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Workplace Managed Account Services Fees
For Workplace Managed Account Services, fees are generally paid to GSAM for its advisory services (“Workplace Managed
Account Fees”), unless such fees are waived by GSAM. The Workplace Managed Account Fees are generally calculated
based on the Enrolled Participant Account’s average daily balance and begin accruing on the date that an Enrolled
Participant’s enrollment is processed, unless such fees are prorated for partial periods during which the Enrolled Participant
was enrolled in the Workplace Managed Account Services. Assets held within the Enrolled Participant Account that are not
managed by GSAM are excluded from the account balance for fee calculation purposes. Unless otherwise agreed to with
the firm that engaged GSAM to provide Workplace Managed Account Services to Enrolled Participant Accounts (a “WMA
Institution”) or Plan Sponsor, an authorized service provider retained by the WMA Institution or Plan Sponsor (e.g., a
recordkeeper) will collect the Workplace Managed Account Fees on a quarterly or monthly basis, unless otherwise specified
in writing, and remit the portion of such Workplace Managed Account Fees owed to GSAM for its advisory services, unless
such fees are waived by GSAM.
If investment funds that pay an investment advisory fee to GSAM or its affiliate are selected by a WMA Institution, Plan
Sponsor or other third-party fiduciary for the plan’s investment menu and are used in the Workplace Managed Account
Services, then the investment advisory fees received by GSAM or its affiliate for the investment funds generally will be
excluded from or credited on a pro rata basis against the Workplace Managed Account Fees charged by GSAM, unless such
fees are waived by GSAM.
Retail Managed Account Services Fees
For Retail Managed Account Services, the WMA Institution sets the advisory fee (“WMA Institutional Fee”) charged to
Enrolled Participants, which is based on a percentage of an Enrolled Participant’s assets under management. The WMA
Institutional Fee includes the advisory fees of GSAM and the WMA Institution, and brokerage commissions, taxes, charges
and other costs related to the purchase and sale of ETFs and other investment vehicles, custody fees, portfolio accounting
fees, and reporting fees. GSAM and the WMA Institution will negotiate the portion of the WMA Institutional Fee that is to
be allocated to GSAM for the Retail Managed Account Services. The WMA Institutional Fee generally begins accruing on the
date that an Enrolled Participant’s enrollment is processed and is deducted from the Enrolled Participant’s account
quarterly in arrears, unless otherwise specified in writing.
The WMA Institutional Fee does not cover certain charges associated with securities transactions, including: (i) dealer
markups, markdowns or spreads charged on transactions in over-the-counter securities; (ii) costs relating to trading in
certain foreign securities; (iii) the internal charges and fees that are imposed by any investment products, including, but not
limited to, mutual funds, CITs, or ETFs, such as operating expenses, management fees, redemption fees, 12b-1 fees and
other fees and expenses, including regulatory fees; (iv) brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by broker-dealers
or entities other than the Enrolled Participant Account’s custodian if and when trades are cleared by another broker-dealer;
(v) the charge to carry tax lot information on transferred interests in mutual funds, CITs, or ETFs, postage and handling
charges, returned check charges, transfer taxes; and (vi) stock exchange fees or other fees mandated by law. Details
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regarding WMA Institutional Fees are described in the Enrolled Participant Account agreement and/or applicable WMA
Institution’s brochure.
Certain WMA Institutions will require an Enrolled Participant’s account to be minimally funded before being implemented.
Servicing and Similar Fees
With respect to certain Advisory Accounts that are investment funds (and in certain cases other Advisory Accounts), the
applicable governing documents provide for fees to be paid to GSAM or its affiliates in connection with the provision of
certain administrative or other services. Such fees are in addition to any investment advisory fees chargeable to the
Advisory Accounts.
Certain Advisory Accounts, including separately managed accounts for retail and institutional clients, are responsible for
selecting money market funds, bank deposit accounts or other vehicles (“sweep option”) into which cash and free credit
balances are moved pending investment by GSAM. Unless otherwise agreed with the client, GSAM does not provide advice
regarding the selection of any sweep options, including advice as to whether any selected sweep option is not competitive
in terms of yield, fees, protection of principal balance or other features as compared to other sweep options.
If the Advisory Account selects a custodian for the sweep option that is affiliated with GSAM, such GSAM affiliate will earn
additional fees, which will vary based on the sweep option selected. In the case of bank deposit accounts, GSAM’s affiliated
custodian will earn compensation based on the difference between the interest rates paid by the program banks on cash
invested in bank deposit accounts and the amount of interest paid to the Advisory Account. The Advisory Account will
receive a lower yield on deposits than if GSAM’s affiliated custodian did not earn fees because the program banks reduce
the amount of interest they pay depositors by the amount of the fee paid to such affiliated custodian.
For information about administrative and other fees paid to third-party service providers, please see this Item 5, Fees and
Compensation—Other Fees and Expenses—Custody, Administration and Other Fees.
Fees for Services to Portfolio Companies
In certain circumstances, GSAM, GS&Co. and their affiliates receive deal fees, sponsor fees, monitoring fees, transaction
fees, loan administration fees, or other fees for services provided to portfolio companies. Advisers of Underlying Funds and
their affiliates may also receive such fees. Sponsor and transaction fees generally are structured as payments of a
percentage of either the enterprise value of a company, in the case of an acquisition or disposition, or the aggregate
amount of the financing, in the case of financings or recapitalizations. Monitoring fees may be payable as fixed dollar
amounts or may be calculated as a percentage of EBITDA (or other similar metric) of the portfolio company. Over the life of
an investment, GSAM, GS&Co. and their affiliates may receive multiple sponsor or transaction fees with respect to an
investment. Certain of these fees, such as monitoring fees, may be accelerated in connection with certain events such as
the sale or initial public offering of the underlying portfolio company. If monitoring fees are accelerated, GSAM, GS&Co. and
their affiliates receive a payment equal to all or some portion of future annual monitoring fees. In certain circumstances,
GSAM, GS&Co. and their affiliates also receive commitment fees and break-up fees in connection with investments or
potential investments, and personnel thereof receive fees, equity or other compensation in their capacity as directors of
portfolio companies. GSAM generally expects, and in some cases will be required, to offset any such fees against the fees
that the Advisory Accounts and Underlying Funds would otherwise be required to pay to GSAM or the Advisers, or allocate
such fees directly to Advisory Accounts. However, there may be instances where GSAM does not do so. The fees and
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expenses imposed by GSAM as manager of Advisory Accounts, or by Advisers of Underlying Funds, will, in the absence of a
fee offset, reduce investment profits.
Goldman Sachs also provides various services to Advisory Accounts and to portfolio companies and other companies in
which Advisory Accounts have an interest. See Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading—Goldman Sachs Acting in Multiple Commercial Capacities. Compensation in connection with these
services takes various forms such as commissions, mark-ups, markdowns, financial advisory fees, underwriting and
placement fees, sales fees, financing and commitment fees, brokerage fees, and other fees, compensation or profits. In
certain cases, such compensation is not negotiated and is more or less than what a comparable third party might charge.
Goldman Sachs has an interest in obtaining fees and other amounts for such services which are favorable to Goldman
Sachs. Fees and other compensation paid to Goldman Sachs in respect of these types of services are not shared with
Advisory Accounts or their investors, the amount of such fees and other compensation will not offset the management fee
payable by the relevant Advisory Account, and, subject to applicable law, details of such fees and other compensation are
not typically disclosed to investors in Advisory Accounts.
In addition, Goldman Sachs officers, employees, consultants or other advisors in certain circumstances receive fees, stock or
other equity securities paid and granted to directors on the boards of directors of portfolio companies. In the case of
officers and employees, such payments are generally held for the benefit of Goldman Sachs (and such cash compensation
and, in certain circumstances, non-cash compensation will generally offset the management fee payable by the relevant
Advisory Account), while consultants or other advisors may retain such payments (and such amounts will generally not
offset the management fee payable by the relevant Advisory Account). Additional information regarding the above fees
and/or the portion thereof shared with Advisory Accounts is disclosed in the prospectus or other relevant offering
document for such Advisory Account. The offsets attributable to Goldman Sachs, funds raised for the benefit of Goldman
Sachs employees and/or other investors in such portfolio company that are not charged any management fees will not be
shared with other investors.
Inducements/Non-Major Monetary Benefits
In connection with services provided by GSAM to Advisory Accounts, from time to time, GSAM receives from or provides to
third parties, minor non-monetary benefits permitted under applicable law, including (i) information or documentation
relating to financial instruments or investment services; (ii) issuer-commissioned research coverage; (iii) participation in
conferences, seminars or training events on the benefits and features of specific financial instruments or investment
services; (iv) hospitality of a de minimis value during meetings or those events specified in iii above; (v) connected research
on an issuer in the context of an issuer capital raising; (vi) research provided for a trial period; and (vii) such other services
and/or benefits that can be considered minor non-monetary benefits under applicable law from time to time.
From time to time, Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) and its personnel receive the benefit of “friends and family” and
similar discounts from portfolio companies of Advisory Accounts under which such portfolio companies make their goods
and/or services available at reduced rates. Since many portfolio companies typically offer such discounts to customers
other than GSAM, including as part of their standard commercial practices to expand their respective customer bases,
GSAM believes that the potential for conflicts relating to such discounts is mitigated.
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Considerations Related to Asset-Based and Performance-Based Compensation
GSAM receives different types of compensation in respect of Advisory Accounts. Asset-based compensation is based on the
market value of the investments in the Advisory Account (or, in the case of certain Advisory Accounts, the book, levered, or
notional value, depending on the applicable advisory agreement) and is paid without regard to the performance of the
Advisory Account (other than to the extent reflected in market values or, if applicable, book, levered, or notional values).
GSAM receives asset-based compensation, which may be significant, in respect of an Advisory Account even if the Advisory
Account loses money. Performance-based compensation is contingent on Advisory Account performance, and in some
cases is subject to a preferred return or a high water mark. Considerations related to performance-based compensation are
set forth in Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management.
Compensation Received by Goldman Sachs
Compensation received by GSAM and its affiliates related to various services provided to Advisory Accounts, including
separate accounts and accounts that are pooled investment vehicles, and Underlying Funds will generally be retained by
GSAM and its affiliates. Except to the extent required by applicable law or expressly agreed to by GSAM, GSAM is not
required to offset such compensation against fees and expenses a client or Advisory Account may otherwise owe GSAM and
its affiliates. For example, GSAM and/or its affiliates have been, and in certain circumstances will be, paid a financing fee in
connection with Goldman Sachs (including GSAM Private) arranging and structuring any financing or refinancing of an
Advisory Account’s leverage facilities. The amount of such fee will not offset the management fee payable by the relevant
Advisory Account. In certain circumstances, clients may negotiate for certain of the fees charged in respect of Advisory
Accounts to be credited against the fees GSAM charges such clients in respect of other Advisory Accounts in which they
invest or which are managed on behalf of such clients. For additional information regarding fee arrangements with respect
to Advisory Account investments in Affiliated Products, see Item 10, Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliates,
Conflicts Relating to the Allocation of Advisory Account Assets to Affiliated Products and External Products.
CALCULATION AND DEDUCTION OF ADVISORY FEES
Other than as described below with respect to GSAM Private, advisory and management fees for Advisory Accounts
generally are calculated and billed either monthly or quarterly in arrears depending on the Advisory Account, and generally
(although not in all cases, including in the case of pooled investment vehicles) are payable within 30 days upon the client’s
receipt of an invoice. Management fees are generally paid to GSAM Private semi-annually from the assets in each Advisory
Account using net proceeds from investment dispositions and/or current cash flow of an Advisory Account. The frequency
of calculation of incentive fees or allocations (which in certain cases take the form of a carried interest), and the timing of
payments in respect thereof, will depend on the specific Advisory Account. GSAM also may issue capital calls to investors
for the payment of advisory and management fees. Subject to negotiation, asset-based fees are generally prorated through
the date of liquidation or termination, and incentive fees and allocations, if any, are generally calculated for the period
during which the Advisory Account was managed. Where the custodian is an affiliate of GSAM, fees and other expenses are
automatically deducted from the client’s Advisory Account, unless other arrangements have been made. Where the
custodian is a third party, clients may arrange to have such fees debited directly from the client’s account for credit to
GSAM, subject to applicable law.
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OTHER FEES AND EXPENSES
In addition to the advisory fees described above, clients will be subject to other fees and expenses related to GSAM’s
advisory services. See below in this Item 5, Fees and Compensation—Other Fees and Expenses—Allocation of Expenses and
Broken-Deal Expenses.
Underlying Fund and Unaffiliated Adviser Fees and Expenses
Where GSAM has recommended or invested Advisory Account assets in Underlying Funds managed by Unaffiliated
Advisers, Advisory Accounts generally bear all fees and expenses applicable to the investment in the Underlying Funds,
including fixed fees, asset-based fees, performance-based fees, carried interest, incentive allocation, and other
compensation, fees, expenses and transaction charges payable to Unaffiliated Advisers in consideration of their services to
the Underlying Funds.
Fixed fees and performance-based compensation to Unaffiliated Advisers that manage hedge funds or private equity funds
generally fall within the following approximate ranges, although in some instances, such fees and compensation materially
exceed the percentages referenced below or are structured in materially different ways: (i) with respect to Underlying
Funds that are hedge funds, fixed fees of 0% to 4% of each Unaffiliated Adviser’s allocation and performance-based
compensation of 0% to 30% of the net capital appreciation in each individual Unaffiliated Adviser’s investment for the year,
and (ii) with respect to Underlying Funds that are private equity funds, fixed fees of 0.50% to 1.50% of committed capital or
invested capital (or a hybrid or variation thereof) and performance-based compensation of 10% to 20% that typically
applies once investors have received a return of contributed capital and a specified minimum return on that capital.
Unaffiliated Advisers’ compensation with respect to other types of Underlying Funds may fall within or outside these
ranges.
In addition, Advisory Accounts investing in Underlying Funds managed by Unaffiliated Advisers generally bear fees paid for
advisory, administration, distribution, 12b-1, shareholder servicing, sub-accounting, custody, sub-transfer agency and other
services, which may be paid to GSAM or its affiliates, or to third party entities. See also Item 10, Other Financial Industry
Activities and Affiliations. An investor in an Advisory Account investing in Underlying Funds managed by Unaffiliated
Advisers also bear a proportionate share of the fees and expenses of each Underlying Fund managed by an Unaffiliated
Adviser in which the Advisory Account invests. Fees and expenses of Underlying Funds managed by Unaffiliated Advisers
are generally in addition to the fees each Advisory Account pays to GSAM, although the fee structure of certain Advisory
Accounts requires GSAM to pay fees to Unaffiliated Advisers out of the fee it receives from the Advisory Account. GSAM
may determine to waive advisory fees on assets where the investments generate additional fees for Goldman Sachs. In
other circumstances, advisory fees will be waived if required by applicable law. See Item 10, Other Financial Industry
Activities and Affiliations—Conflicts Relating to Relationships with Unaffiliated Advisers.
Transaction Charges
Except as set forth with respect to Wrap Program clients as described in Item 4, Advisory Business—Wrap Fee Programs
and with respect to Retail Managed Account Services Enrolled Participant Accounts as described below, GSAM’s clients pay
brokerage commissions, mark-ups, mark-downs and other commission equivalents as well as spreads and/or transaction
costs related to transactions effected for their Advisory Accounts to executing broker-dealers (which may be affiliates of
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GSAM). As described in Item 12, Brokerage Practices, GSAM effects these transactions subject to its obligation to seek best
execution. The different types of transaction charges include:
Commissions: the amount charged by a broker for purchasing or selling securities, real estate or other investments as
an agent for the client, which is disclosed on the client’s trade confirmations or otherwise. Commissions may be charged
in connection with transactions involving equities and fixed income securities, structured investments, MLPs, ETFs, listed
options on equities and any other securities or assets traded on an agency basis. Commissions may also be charged in
connection with the exercise and assignment of options contracts.
Commission equivalents: an amount charged by a dealer for purchasing or selling securities or other investments in
certain riskless principal transactions. Riskless principal transactions refer to transactions in which a dealer, after having
received an order from a client to buy a particular security, purchases such security from another person to offset a
contemporaneous sale to the client or, after having received an order from a client to sell a particular security, sells such
security to another person to offset a contemporaneous purchase from the client.
Mark-ups: the price charged to a client, less the prevailing market price, which is included in the price of the security.
Mark-downs: the prevailing market price, less the amount a dealer pays to purchase the security from the client, which
is included in the price of the security.
Spreads: the difference between the current purchase or bid price (that is, the price someone is willing to pay) and the
current ask or offer price (that is, the price at which someone is willing to sell), which is reflected in the price of the
security. The difference or spread narrows or widens in response to the supply and demand levels of the security.
Spreads may be included in transactions involving, among other investments, fixed income securities, structured
investments and currencies. Transactions may include a spread in addition to other execution charges such as mark-
ups/mark-downs.
As described further in Item 4, Advisory Business, for Wrap Program clients, commissions and certain other transaction
charges are generally included in the “wrap” fee charged by the Sponsor when trades are executed through the Sponsor,
although certain execution costs are typically not included in this fee and are in certain cases charged to the client. If
transactions are effected through a broker-dealer other than the Sponsor, all transaction charges are charged to the client
in addition to the “wrap” fee.
Additional information about transaction charges is available in Item 12, Brokerage Practices. See also Item 11, Code of
Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading.
Custody, Administration and Other Fees
Custody fees, administration fees and all other fees charged by service providers providing services relating to Advisory
Accounts are levied by the custodian, the administrator or other service providers for the Advisory Account and are not
included in the advisory fees payable to GSAM. An Advisory Account (and fund investors indirectly) will generally bear such
expenses unless provided otherwise in the applicable governing documents. For Workplace Managed Account Services,
fees are paid to a recordkeeper for its recordkeeping and administrative services, which in certain instances may be in
addition to a separate annual base recordkeeping fee.
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Expenses charged to an Advisory Account may include:
(i)
debt-related costs and expenses, including expenses related to raising leverage, refinancing, short term and other
liquidity facilities, derivatives and other arrangements that have the effect of providing leverage, administering and
servicing debt, and the cost of compliance with lender requests (including travel and entertainment expenses
relating to the foregoing);
(ii)
investment-related expenses, including due diligence and research, expenses relating to identifying, investigating,
evaluating, registering, valuing, structuring, closing, purchasing, monitoring, managing (which may include costs and
expenses of attending and/or sponsoring industry conferences or other meetings), servicing, holding, tracking and
harvesting of investments and potential investments (including travel and entertainment expenses relating to the
foregoing), and expenses relating to background checks;
(iii)
expenses related to hedging, including currency, interest rate and/or other hedging strategies, and the settlement of
hedging transactions;
(iv)
legal, tax, administration and accounting expenses, including expenses for preparation of annual audited financial
statements, tax return preparation, tax and legal advice in connection with, among other things, acquiring, holding
and disposing investments, operational matters, wire transfer fees, mailing costs and expenses, amendments to
Advisory Account offering materials, any costs and expenses related to winding-up, dissolution, liquidation or
termination of an Advisory Account, legal costs and expenses associated with indemnity, litigation, claims, tax audit,
arbitration, mediation, government investigation or dispute in connection with the business of an Advisory Account,
and the amount of any judgments or settlements paid in connection therewith or the enforcement of an Advisory
Account’s rights against any person or entity, and expenses related to reporting and filings done by external tax
professionals or for outside consultants engaged to assist GSAM Personnel with regard to such functions, and legal
and administrative costs and expenses relating to the investor consent and shareholder voting processes;
(v)
costs, expenses and fees of any third-party administrator appointed by Advisory Accounts that are pooled
investment vehicles and any other service providers or agents of an Advisory Account (including any domiciliation
agent);
(vi)
professional fees (including, without limitation, fees and expenses of financial advisers, consultants, finders and
experts, as well as fees and expenses in connection with participation in bondholder groups, expenses relating to
third-party valuation agents, restructurings, class actions and other litigation);
(vii)
in the case of Advisory Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles, fees paid in connection with the placement of
interests in such Advisory Accounts;
(viii)
in the case of certain Advisory Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles, fees and expenses incurred in
connection with the activities of advisory committees and their members (in their capacity as such), including, for
example, travel and other expenses associated with meetings and investments, to the extent contemplated in the
governing documents of the applicable Advisory Accounts;
(ix)
in the case of certain Advisory Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles, fees, costs and expenses related to
obtaining, implementing (including initial onboarding), and maintaining (including licensing and subscription fees and
expenses) any cybersecurity, operational, transaction, diligence, compliance, credit facility, portfolio, valuation,
information gathering and/or other related data monitoring and/or reporting software, including custom software;
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(x)
in the case of certain Advisory Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles, fees and expenses in connection with
compliance with side letter obligations, as well as any fees or expenses in connection with rebalancing or “most
favored nations” processes;
(xi)
costs and expenses of operating Advisory Accounts, including fees and expenses of directors, trustees, alternative
investment fund managers, or independent general partners or similar control persons;
(xii)
technology expenses, including news and quotation services;
(xiii)
insurance premiums (which insurance generally covers numerous Advisory Accounts, in which case each participating
Advisory Account is responsible for a share of the premiums);
(xiv) expenses related to compliance by an Advisory Account with any applicable law, rule or directive or any other
regulatory requirement, or compliance with the foregoing requirements by GSAM or its affiliates to the extent such
compliance relates to an Advisory Account’s activities, including (a) in each case, expenses related to reporting and
filings done by external professionals or service providers or for outside consultants engaged to assist GSAM
Personnel with regard to such functions and (b) costs and expenses and fees incurred in connection with
establishing, implementing, monitoring and/or measuring the impact of any ESG policies and programs with respect
to Advisory Accounts or its investments or prospective investments, including, without limitation, all fees, costs, and
expenses incurred in connection with reporting on such ESG policies and programs or otherwise evaluating the
achievement of any ESG objectives by an Advisory Account or its investments or prospective investments;
(xv)
costs and expenses related to warehousing investments and the subsequent conveyance of any such warehoused
investments to an Advisory Account;
(xvi)
fees payable to GSAM or its affiliates for loan servicing, tax, accounting, and administrative services provided by
GSAM or its affiliates to Advisory Accounts (including internal accounting services), which (A) represent (in some
cases as a flat fee per annum) an allocable portion of overhead costs of the departments providing such services and
which generally are determined by GSAM by reference to the amount of time spent by and the seniority of the
employee providing the in-house services and (B) include an allocable portion of the fees and expenses charged by
Broad Street Luxembourg S.à r.l. in connection with its services as an administrator to certain Advisory Accounts;
provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, since the in-house expense allocation process relies on certain judgments
and assessments that in turn are based on information and estimates from various individuals, the allocations that
result may not be exact;
(xvii) costs, expenses and fees incurred by certain Advisory Accounts in connection with any activities, meetings,
conferences, symposia or other gatherings of (a) special committees, councils or advisory groups formed by GSAM
with respect to such Advisory Accounts and (b) representatives of current and prospective portfolio companies
(whether or not the associated investment opportunity is consummated);
(xviii) any other reasonable expenses that are authorized by the applicable governing documents, or that are reasonably
necessary or appropriate in connection with managing an Advisory Account;
(xix)
in the case of Advisory Accounts with stable value objectives, fees charged by providers of Stable Value Contracts,
which can include fees for advisory services;
(xx)
the charges payable to real estate operating platforms established by GSAM Private to service Advisory Account real
estate assets (“Real Estate Operating Platforms”); and
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(xxi)
in all relevant cases of the foregoing expenses, travel and entertainment expenses include any expenses of private air
travel when deemed appropriate by GSAM in its reasonable discretion, after taking into account the risks associated
with public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
For a description of how expenses are allocated to and among Advisory Accounts, see “Allocation of Expenses and Broken-
Deal Expenses” below.
Individual consultants or advisors (some of whom are former employees of Goldman Sachs) are engaged by GSAM on
behalf of certain Advisory Accounts and/or portfolio companies to provide consulting or advisory services to GSAM,
Advisory Accounts and/or portfolio companies, including, without limitation, sourcing, operational consulting, industry
consulting, asset level consulting and other services, and in certain cases, otherwise assisting Advisory Accounts with
respect to the oversight of portfolio companies in which investments are made. These consultants or advisors do not in all
cases work exclusively for GSAM, the Advisory Accounts and/or portfolio companies, and are not employees of GSAM, even
if most or all of their work is performed on behalf of GSAM or at the direction of GSAM. The appropriate level of
compensation for such advisors, consultants or other persons is in certain cases difficult to determine, especially if the
expertise and services the individuals provide are unique and/or tailored to a specific engagement. Compensation paid to
these consultants or advisors for consulting or advisory services related to the Advisory Account or the portfolio company is
generally borne by the Advisory Account, is not offset against the management fee paid by the Advisory Account (which
incentivizes GSAM to retain these advisors, consultants and other persons as independent contractors, rather than hiring
them as employees) and in certain cases includes transaction-based compensation, an annual fee and/or a discretionary
performance-related bonus. In addition to, or in lieu of, consultant or advisory fees, the consultant or advisor may receive
the opportunity to invest in Advisory Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles or specific investments, including on a
no-fee basis or at reduced rates. GSAM does not guarantee the services of any third party, including any third-party
custodian to an Advisory Account, and does not assume any responsibility for the payment of such third parties.
The scope of services provided under the consulting and advisory agreements may include serving on the board of portfolio
companies. When determining the directors of a portfolio company, GSAM in certain situations designates a third party
who is not an employee of GSAM who has specific skills and experience that would benefit the portfolio company.
Consultants, advisors and such third parties typically receive compensation and insurance coverage for serving on the board
of a portfolio company in addition to the compensation noted above, which is paid by a portfolio company or, in certain
cases, by the Advisory Account or GSAM. Such consultants, advisors or other third parties are entitled to retain those
sources of compensation, and such compensation does not offset management fees payable by Advisory Accounts unless
specifically agreed to under the Advisory Account documentation. When determining directors for portfolio companies,
GSAM seeks to choose individuals to maximize the long-term value of the investment, not the amount of the management
fee that is offset, to the extent applicable. From time to time, GSAM is asked to provide, or GSAM offers to provide, to a
portfolio company a list of potential candidates for a position on the board of directors of the portfolio company, including
candidates that meet certain criteria or qualifications. If GSAM provides such a list, it will not be responsible for
determining the suitability of the individuals on the list for the specific director position.
Goldman Sachs has formed certain groups of experts, advisors, consultants, operation consulting experts, thought leaders,
subject matter experts and other persons intended to provide support in connection with the activities of certain Advisory
Accounts (“Consulting Groups”), and may in the future form additional Consulting Groups in respect of certain other
Advisory Accounts. Members of the Consulting Groups may be investors in Advisory Accounts or their portfolio companies,
in each case, on terms that are more favorable than the terms given to the other investors in the same Advisory Account or
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portfolio company, including that, in the discretion of GSAM, certain Consulting Group members may bear no or reduced
management fees or performance-based compensation on all or a portion of (i) their investment in an Advisory Account
and (ii) any investment with respect to which they are co-investors. Members of the Consulting Groups may receive
compensation and/or indemnification for serving on the board of a portfolio company, which may be paid or provided by a
portfolio company or, in certain cases, by the applicable Advisory Account or GSAM. Certain members of a Consulting
Group may participate in one or more of the other Consulting Groups and/or serve as advisors to GSAM with respect to
investment in and management of portfolio company investments (“Industry Advisors”), and, as a result, such members
may receive compensation from their participation in each such Consulting Group and/or their services as Industry
Advisors. Compensation paid to Industry Advisors and members of Consulting Groups for their services related to an
Advisory Account or its portfolio companies will generally be borne by the Advisory Account and will not be offset against
management fees.
To the extent Goldman Sachs provides services to Advisory Accounts that are not included in the advisory fee, Goldman
Sachs will be entitled to retain all such fees and other amounts without offset to any other fees or compensation paid by an
Advisory Account. For additional information about fees for administrative and other services paid to GSAM or its affiliates,
please see above in this Item 5, Fees and Compensation—Other Fees and Expenses—Custody, Administration and Other
Fees.
GSAM Software
GSAM licenses, for a fee, the Software Platform to other WMA Institutions. Such fee may be paid as a license fee to GSAM
or may be included in any WMA Institutional Fees or Workplace Managed Account Fees received by GSAM.
Selection of Service Providers
GSAM, on behalf of Advisory Accounts and their portfolio companies (if any), expects to engage service providers (including
attorneys and consultants) that in certain cases also provide services to Goldman Sachs and other clients managed by other
parts of Goldman Sachs and their portfolio companies (if any). In addition, certain service providers to GSAM, Advisory
Accounts or their portfolio companies are also portfolio companies or other affiliates of GSAM or Advisory Accounts (for
example, a portfolio company of an Advisory Account may retain a portfolio company of another Advisory Account). To the
extent it is involved in such selection, GSAM intends to select these service providers based on a number of factors,
including expertise and experience, knowledge of related or similar products, quality of service, reputation in the
marketplace, relationships with GSAM, Goldman Sachs or others, and price. These service providers may have business,
financial or other relationships with Goldman Sachs (including its personnel), including being a portfolio company of, or
otherwise affiliated with, GSAM, Goldman Sachs, or an Advisory Account. These relationships may influence GSAM’s
selection of these service providers for Advisory Accounts or their portfolio companies. In such circumstances, there is a
conflict of interest between GSAM, Goldman Sachs, and the Advisory Accounts (or their portfolio companies) or between
Advisory Accounts (or their portfolio companies) if the Advisory Accounts (or their portfolio companies) determine not to
engage or continue to engage these service providers.
GSAM may, in its sole discretion, determine to provide, or engage an affiliate of GSAM to provide, certain services,
including, but not limited to, services such as internal legal and accounting services, to Advisory Accounts and their portfolio
companies, instead of engaging one or more third parties to provide such services. Subject to the governing documents of
a particular Advisory Account, GSAM or its affiliates will receive compensation in connection with the provision of such
services. Such compensation is not always negotiated and could be more or less than what a comparable third party might
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charge. As a result, GSAM faces a conflict of interest when selecting service providers for Advisory Accounts and their
portfolio companies. In addition, GSAM may, in its sole discretion, determine to engage a third-party service provider to
provide services to an Advisory Account that were previously provided by GSAM in connection with its investment
management services to such Advisory Account. In such circumstances, the Advisory Account will bear the fees charged by
such service providers in addition to the advisory fees payable to GSAM. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the selection of
service providers will be conducted in accordance with GSAM's fiduciary obligations to Advisory Accounts.
The service providers selected by GSAM may charge different rates to different recipients based on the specific services
provided, the personnel providing the services, the complexity of the services provided, or other factors. As a result, the
rates paid with respect to these service providers by Advisory Accounts or their portfolio companies, on the one hand, may
be more or less favorable than the rates paid by Goldman Sachs, including GSAM, on the other hand. In addition, the rates
paid by GSAM or the Advisory Accounts or their portfolio companies, on the one hand, may be more or less favorable than
the rates paid by other parts of Goldman Sachs or clients managed by other parts of Goldman Sachs or their portfolio
companies, on the other hand.
Goldman Sachs (including GSAM), its personnel, and/or Advisory Accounts may hold investments in companies that provide
services to portfolio companies generally, and, subject to applicable law, GSAM may refer or introduce such companies’
services to portfolio companies that have issued securities that are held in Advisory Accounts.
Allocation of Expenses and Broken-Deal Expenses
Multiple Advisory Accounts may participate in a particular investment or incur expenses applicable in connection with the
operation or management of the Advisory Accounts, or otherwise may be subject to costs or expenses that are allocable to
more than one Advisory Account (which may include, without limitation, research expenses, legal expenses (e.g., expenses
relating to due diligence and deal documentation), technology expenses, valuation agent expenses, expenses relating to
participation in bondholder groups, restructurings, class actions and other litigation, and insurance premiums). GSAM may
allocate investment-related and other expenses on a pro rata or different basis. Certain Advisory Accounts are, by their
terms or by determination of GSAM, on a case-by-case basis, not responsible for their share of such expenses, and, in
addition, GSAM has agreed with certain Advisory Accounts to cap the amount of expenses (or the amount of certain types
of expenses) borne by such Advisory Accounts, which results in such Advisory Accounts not bearing the full share of
expenses they would otherwise have borne as described above. As a result, certain Advisory Accounts are responsible for
bearing a different or greater amount of expenses, while other Advisory Accounts do not bear any, or do not bear their full
share, of such expenses. GSAM may bear any such expenses on behalf of certain Advisory Accounts and not for others, as it
determines in its sole discretion. If GSAM bears expenses on behalf of an Advisory Account and the Advisory Account
subsequently receives reimbursement for such expenses, GSAM will generally be entitled to receive all or a portion of the
amount of such reimbursement, up to the amount that was borne by GSAM on behalf of such Advisory Account.
Advisory Accounts will generally incur expenses with respect to the consideration and pursuit of transactions that are not
ultimately consummated (“broken-deal expenses”). Examples of broken-deal expenses include (i) research costs, (ii) fees
and expenses of legal, financial, accounting, consulting or other advisers (including GSAM or its affiliates) in connection with
conducting due diligence or otherwise pursuing a particular non-consummated transaction, (iii) fees and expenses in
connection with arranging financing for a particular non-consummated transaction, (iv) travel, entertainment and overtime
meal and transportation costs, (v) deposits or down payments that are forfeited in connection with, or amounts paid as a
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penalty for, a particular non-consummated transaction and (vi) other expenses incurred in connection with activities
related to a particular non-consummated transaction.
GSAM has adopted policies and procedures relating to the allocation of broken-deal expenses among Advisory Accounts
and other potential investors. Pursuant to such policies and procedures, broken-deal expenses generally will be allocated
among Advisory Accounts in the manner that GSAM determines to be fair and equitable, which will be pro rata or on a
different basis, including that an Advisory Account may bear more than its pro rata share of such broken-deal
expenses. Notwithstanding the foregoing, and unless otherwise indicated in the applicable governing agreements, offering
memoranda or other documentation, in the case of commingled funds and other Advisory Accounts that, in connection
with their pursuit of a transaction, offer the opportunity to participate in the transaction to certain non-discretionary
Advisory Accounts or other potential investors, including funds organized for the purpose of investing in the specific
transaction (collectively, “Non-Discretionary Co-investors”), if such transaction is not ultimately consummated, the
commingled funds and other Advisory Accounts will generally bear all of the broken-deal expenses, including those that
might otherwise have been allocated to the Non-Discretionary Co-investors. However, in the event that the Non-
Discretionary Co-investors agreed to bear their share of the broken-deal expenses, or co-investors had a contractual right or
other understanding to be offered the right to co-invest in the transaction, they will be allocated their share of the broken-
deal expenses determined in the same manner as Advisory Accounts generally unless otherwise indicated in the applicable
governing agreements, offering memoranda or other documentation, provided that such Non-Discretionary Co-investors
that have the right to, and do, decline to participate in the transaction will not be allocated any portion of the broken-deal
expenses incurred following any such decline (such amount to be determined by GSAM in its reasonable discretion). In
addition, GSAM may bear the allocable share of broken-deal expenses for particular Advisory Accounts or Non-
Discretionary Co-investors and not for others, as it determines in its sole discretion.
PREPAID FEES
Other than as described below with respect to certain MAS clients, Registrants generally do not charge clients fees in
advance. However, in certain limited cases, GSAM does charge clients fees in advance as agreed with the client. Where fees
are paid in advance and the Advisory Account is terminated before the end of a billing period, a client may contact GSAM to
obtain a refund of the applicable portion of the pre-paid fee. Any such refund will be determined based on the terms of the
agreement governing such Advisory Account. In addition, in certain cases, transaction charges or other expenses may be
payable to GSAM or its affiliates at the inception of an investment in a fund or other investment vehicle or a portfolio
company. See this Item 5, Fees and Compensation—Other Fees and Expenses—Transaction Charges.
MAS charges certain clients in advance of the calendar quarter for which it provides advisory services. In such cases, MAS
refunds the full period payment to clients that pay fees in advance and terminate their investment advisory agreements in
writing effective as of the last day of a billing period. If a client that pays fees in advance terminates its investment advisory
agreement in writing effective prior to the last day of a billing period, the investment advisory fee is prorated according to
the number of days in the billing period that the investment advisory agreement was in effect, unless the investment
advisory agreement provides otherwise. Investment advisory agreements typically include a minimum notice period for
termination (often between 30 to 60 days). The amount of any advisory fee refund is calculated based on the effective date
of the termination and not the date the client provides notice of termination. Advisory fee refunds are initiated by MAS
and are generally made by check.
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COMPENSATION FOR THE SALE OF SECURITIES
Generally, except as described below, GSAM Personnel do not receive transaction-based compensation for the sale of
securities or other investment products based upon a predetermined formula. Compensation of GSAM Personnel consists
of a base salary and year-end discretionary variable compensation. While the base salary is established at the beginning of
each year, year-end discretionary variable compensation is based on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to:
contribution to the applicable team’s net revenues for the past year which in part are derived from advisory fees, and for
certain Advisory Accounts, performance-based fees; individual performance and his or her contribution to overall team
performance, including in consideration of certain qualitative factors such as risk management, judgment, compliance and
conduct; the performance of GSAM and Goldman Sachs; anticipated compensation levels among competitor firms; and the
individual’s role, including his or her role with respect to investment performance. Year-end discretionary variable
compensation may be in the form of cash, equity-based awards and/or cash-settled phantom units in specified mutual fund
Advisory Accounts that are tied to the performance of such Advisory Accounts. Certain GSAM Personnel involved in the
marketing, promotion and/or sale of investment products may be eligible to receive transaction-based compensation based
upon a predetermined formula that is in part related to the sale of such products. Certain personnel of GSAM and its
affiliates receive compensation based on the sale of securities or other investment products including interests in Accounts,
including Advisory Accounts. Such compensation may be received in connection with the sale of investment products
(including money market funds) through online trading portals or other technology platforms that are utilized by certain
clients. See Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading.
CLIENT SELECTION OF UNAFFILIATED BROKERS
Clients have the option to purchase certain investment products recommended by GSAM directly or through broker-dealers
that are not affiliated with Goldman Sachs. In some cases, acquiring an investment product through a broker-dealer that is
not affiliated with Goldman Sachs may result in fees and execution charges that are lower than those charged by Goldman
Sachs. In other cases, fees and execution charges may be higher than those charged by Goldman Sachs.
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Certain Advisory Accounts are subject to performance-based compensation (and in certain cases also include an asset-
based compensation component). Performance-based compensation includes carried interest, override, incentive
allocation, performance fees and other similar forms of performance-based compensation.
Performance-based compensation arrangements for Advisory Accounts varies among clients and investment strategies.
Certain Advisory Accounts are subject to performance-based compensation calculated by reference to the relevant high
water marks for such Advisory Accounts, while other Advisory Accounts are subject to performance-based compensation
that is paid only after a specified return has been achieved (a “preferred return”), the thresholds of which vary across
Advisory Accounts. For example, Advisory Accounts (including hedge funds) that invest in readily marketable securities
often provide for an asset-based fee based on the market value of the investments in the account at specified month or
quarter ends and/or performance-based compensation calculated based on the applicable high water mark. Other Advisory
Accounts, such as Advisory Accounts (including private equity funds) that invest in assets which lack a readily available
market value, provide for an asset-based fee based on the investor’s capital commitment to the account or based on the
amount of such commitment that is invested and performance-based compensation, typically in the form of a carried
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interest, that is subject to a preferred return. These different types of performance-based compensation result in certain
Advisory Accounts paying higher or lower performance-based fees than other Advisory Accounts.
Advisory Accounts that bear performance-based compensation reward GSAM for positive performance in those Advisory
Accounts. Performance-based compensation arrangements provide a heightened incentive for portfolio managers to make
investments that may present a greater potential for return but also a greater risk of loss, or that may be more speculative
than would exist if only asset-based fees were applied.
The simultaneous management of Advisory Accounts that bear performance-based compensation and Advisory Accounts
that only bear an asset-based fee, or that bear performance-based compensation that is calculated in a different manner,
creates a conflict of interest as the portfolio manager has an incentive to favor Advisory Accounts with the potential to bear
greater fees when allocating resources, services, functions or investment opportunities among Advisory Accounts. For
example, a portfolio manager will be faced with a conflict of interest when allocating scarce investment opportunities,
given the possibly greater compensation from Advisory Accounts that bear performance-based compensation, as opposed
to Advisory Accounts that bear no performance-based compensation. In addition, in cases where a particular Advisory
Account invests alongside other Advisory Accounts in the same investment opportunity, GSAM will have an incentive to
manage certain investment or disposition decisions for such Advisory Accounts in a manner that maximizes the amount of
aggregate performance compensation payable to GSAM, including not disposing of investments when it would otherwise
be to the financial advantage of the particular Advisory Account, which could result in adverse consequences for the
particular Advisory Account. To address these types of conflicts, GSAM has adopted policies and procedures under which
allocation decisions may not be influenced by compensation arrangements and investment opportunities will be allocated
in a manner that GSAM believes is consistent with its obligations and fiduciary duties as an investment adviser. GSAM’s
policies and procedures relating to allocation of investment opportunities are described further below. Investment groups
within GSAM are subject to these and/or other similar policies and procedures that are consistent with GSAM’s obligations
and fiduciary duties as an investment adviser and that address circumstances that may be unique to their businesses. No
assurance can be made that these policies and procedures will have their desired effect.
Notwithstanding GSAM’s allocation policies, the availability, amount, timing, structuring or terms of investments available
to particular Advisory Accounts, including Advisory Accounts engaging in the same or similar strategies, differ in certain
cases.
SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT OF ADVISORY ACCOUNTS; ALLOCATION OF OPPORTUNITIES
GSAM manages or advises multiple Advisory Accounts (including Advisory Accounts in which Goldman Sachs and personnel
of Goldman Sachs have an interest) that have investment objectives that are the same or similar and that seek to make or
sell investments in the same securities or other instruments, sectors or strategies. This creates potential conflicts,
particularly in circumstances where the availability or liquidity of investment opportunities is limited. Areas in which such
limited opportunities may exist include, without limitation, in local and emerging markets, high yield securities, fixed-
income securities, direct loan originations, regulated industries, real estate assets, primary investments and secondary
interests in private investment funds, direct or indirect investments in and co-investments alongside private investment
funds, investments in MLPs in the oil and gas industry, IPOs/New Issues and privately-issued debt securities. Opportunities
also exist where Advisers limit the number of investors in (or the size of) their Underlying Funds, or the amount of assets in
accounts that they manage. For example, limited availability may exist with certain Advisers or with respect to certain
classes of interests issued by an Underlying Fund that have better terms than other classes or where GSAM has negotiated
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different investment terms (including, without limitation, lower fees or more frequent liquidity than other investors) with
an Adviser for itself and its clients but the Adviser limits the size of the investment by Goldman Sachs and its clients that will
be subject to such terms. If GSAM wishes to transfer an existing investment that would be subject to the different terms or
fee arrangements depending upon the Advisory Accounts to which it is transferred, GSAM faces potential conflicts in
connection with the allocation of such investments among Advisory Accounts.
To address these potential conflicts, GSAM has developed allocation policies and procedures that provide that GSAM
Personnel making portfolio decisions for Advisory Accounts will make investment decisions for, and allocate investment
opportunities among, Advisory Accounts consistent with GSAM’s fiduciary obligations. These policies and procedures could
result in the pro rata allocation (on a basis determined by GSAM) of limited opportunities across eligible Advisory Accounts
managed by a particular portfolio management team, but in other cases such allocation may not be pro rata. Furthermore,
certain investment opportunities sourced by GSAM, or Goldman Sachs businesses or divisions outside of GSAM, may be
allocated to Goldman Sachs for its own account or investment vehicles organized to facilitate investment by its current or
former directors, partners, trustees, managers, members, officers, employees, and their families and related entities,
including employee benefit plans in which they participate, and current consultants (“GSAM Employee Funds”), and not to
client accounts. See Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading,
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions—Certain Effects of the Activities of Goldman Sachs and Advisory Accounts.
Allocation-related decisions for Advisory Accounts are made by reference to one or more factors and suitability
considerations. Factors may include:
Date of inception of the Advisory Account;
Advisory Account investment horizons and objectives (including with respect to portfolio construction and
targeted returns);
Different levels of exposure to certain strategies, including sector oriented, concentrated new opportunities or
other strategies;
Risk profile of the investment;
Client-specific investment guidelines, restrictions and instructions, including, without limitation, the ability to
utilize leverage or hedge through short sales or other techniques;
Whether Advisory Accounts give GSAM discretion or request client approval for investments;
Whether the timing of the Advisory Account’s execution of the transaction has an adverse effect on other Advisory
Accounts or GSAM potentially participating in the investment opportunity;
Current and expected future capacity of applicable Advisory Accounts;
Limits on GSAM’s brokerage discretion, including client directed brokerage arrangements;
Tax sensitivity and objectives of Advisory Accounts;
Cash and liquidity needs and other considerations, including, without limitation, availability of cash for investment
(e.g., purchase orders for a Wrap Program account are generally only executed to the extent of available cash);
Relative sizes and expected future sizes of applicable Advisory Accounts and eligible capital;
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Anticipated magnitude of the overall investment program for the then current year and any changes in the rate at
which the program is carried out;
Expected future capacity of the applicable Adviser and/or Underlying Fund and limitations set by the applicable
Adviser and/or Underlying Fund or other relevant parties;
Availability (or lack thereof) of other appropriate or substantially similar investment opportunities;
Whether an opportunity exists to invest in different layers in the capital structure of a company;
Legal and regulatory restrictions affecting certain Advisory Accounts or affecting holdings across Advisory
Accounts, which may result in adjusting existing or future positions across Advisory Accounts and may
consequently open up capacity for new Advisory Accounts or Advisory Account cash-flows;
Minimum denomination, minimum increments, de minimis threshold, maximum position sizes, and round lot
considerations;
Limitations set by relevant parties (e.g., Unaffiliated Advisers) and any relevant contractual provisions;
Differences in benchmark factors and hedging strategies among Advisory Accounts;
Current investments held by Advisory Accounts similar to the applicable investment opportunity;
Whether an investment opportunity constitutes a follow-on investment with respect to a particular asset held in
certain Advisory Accounts;
The relationship of Advisory Accounts with particular issuers, Unaffiliated Advisers or investment opportunities, or
sourcing or other investment-related activities of Advisory Accounts or the GSAM teams managing such Advisory
Accounts;
Reputational matters and other such considerations;
Suitability requirements and the nature of the investment opportunity;
GSAM’s perception of a potential co-investment party’s interest; and
The source of the investment opportunity.
Suitability considerations may include:
Relative attractiveness of an investment to different Advisory Accounts;
Concentration of industry sector, sub-strategy, or positions in an Advisory Account;
Appropriateness of a security for the applicable benchmark, if any, and benchmark sensitivity of an Advisory
Account;
An Advisory Account’s risk tolerance, risk parameters and strategy allocations;
Use of the opportunity as a replacement for an opportunity that GSAM believes to be attractive for an Advisory
Account but is otherwise unavailable to the Advisory Account (including for legal or regulatory reasons); and/or
Considerations relating to hedging a position in a pair trade.
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Non-proportional allocations may occur across Advisory Accounts, including, without limitation, in fixed-income securities
due to the availability of multiple appropriate or substantially similar investments in fixed-income strategies, as well as due
to differences in benchmark factors, hedging strategies, or other reasons. In addition, the fact that certain personnel of
Goldman Sachs are dedicated to one or more Advisory Accounts or clients is in certain cases a factor in determining the
allocation of opportunities (including private equity opportunities and IPOs/New Issues) sourced by such personnel.
Investment opportunities sourced by one portfolio management team may not be made available to Advisory Accounts
managed by other portfolio management teams. In addition, certain portfolio management teams transact with Goldman
Sachs on behalf of Advisory Accounts, whereas other portfolio management teams, including teams utilizing the same
investment strategy, do not. As a result, certain Advisory Accounts receive allocations of certain investment opportunities,
including IPO/New Issues and other profitable investments, that are not available to Advisory Accounts managed by
portfolio management teams that do not transact with Goldman Sachs.
GSAM, from time to time, develops and implements new trading strategies or seeks to participate in new trading strategies
and investment opportunities. These strategies and opportunities are not employed in all Advisory Accounts or employed
pro rata among Advisory Accounts where they are used, even if the strategy or opportunity is consistent with the objectives
of such accounts.
Further, a trading strategy employed for one Advisory Account that is similar to, or the same as, that of another Advisory
Account may be implemented differently, sometimes to a material extent. For example, an Advisory Account may invest in
different securities or other assets, or invest in the same securities and other assets but in different proportions, than
another Advisory Account with the same or similar trading strategy. The implementation of an Advisory Account’s trading
strategy depends on a variety of factors, including the portfolio managers involved in managing the trading strategy for the
Advisory Account, the time difference associated with the location of different portfolio management teams, and the
factors described above. In addition to such factors, GSAM may make decisions based on other factors such as strategic fit
and other portfolio management considerations, including an Advisory Account’s capacity for such strategy or opportunity,
the liquidity of the strategy and its underlying instruments, the Advisory Account’s liquidity, the business risk of the strategy
relative to an Advisory Account’s overall portfolio make-up, and the lack of efficacy of, or return expectations from, the
strategy for the Advisory Account. For example, such a determination may, but will not necessarily, include consideration of
the expectation that a particular strategy will not have a meaningful impact on an Advisory Account given the overall size of
the account, the limited availability of opportunities in the strategy and/or the availability of other strategies for the
account.
As referenced in the factors above, certain Advisers and/or Underlying Funds may accommodate only a limited amount of
capital or may otherwise refuse to manage some or all of the assets that GSAM may wish to allocate to them. In allocating
capacity-constrained investment opportunities among Advisory Accounts, GSAM may reserve certain portions of such
investment opportunities for prospective Advisory Accounts or existing Advisory Accounts that have not yet made a
determination to make the investment, which may lead to certain existing Advisory Accounts that have determined to
make the investment not receiving an allocation, or receiving a lower than desired allocation, with respect to an investment
opportunity even when GSAM has capacity to allocate such opportunity to such existing Advisory Accounts.
In addition, in some cases where a particular Advisory Account has a similar investment program and investment strategy
to one or more other Advisory Accounts, certain potential Advisers and/or Underlying Funds may prefer to receive the
capital of the other Advisory Accounts over the capital of the particular Advisory Account (or vice versa). In such cases, the
potential Advisers and/or Underlying Funds may offer investment opportunities and/or more favorable terms to the
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preferred Advisory Account(s). Moreover, an Advisory Account whose capital is preferred by an Adviser and/or Underlying
Fund may receive less favorable terms when investing as part of a fund complex than if it invested alone.
Advisory Accounts may also invest in Affiliated Products at or near the establishment of such Affiliated Products, which may
facilitate the Affiliated Products achieving a specified size or scale. Conversely, Advisory Accounts may also invest in
Affiliated Products that are near the end of their life and investment by Advisory Accounts may allow such products to
continue in operation.
During periods of unusual market conditions, GSAM may deviate from its normal trade allocation practices. For example,
this may occur with respect to the management of unlevered and/or long-only Advisory Accounts that are typically
managed on a side-by-side basis with levered and/or long-short Advisory Accounts. During such periods, GSAM will seek to
exercise a disciplined process for determining allocations (including to Accounts in which Goldman Sachs and its personnel
have an interest).
As a result of the various considerations above, there will be cases in which certain Advisory Accounts (including Advisory
Accounts in which Goldman Sachs and personnel of Goldman Sachs have an interest) receive an allocation of an investment
opportunity (including an investment opportunity sourced by or available from GSAM or affiliates of GSAM) at times that
other Advisory Accounts do not, or when other Advisory Accounts receive an allocation of such opportunities but on
different terms (which may be less favorable). In addition, due to regulatory or other considerations, the receipt of an
investment opportunity by certain Advisory Accounts may restrict or limit the ability of other Advisory Accounts to receive
an allocation of the same opportunity. The application of these considerations may cause differences in the performance of
different Advisory Accounts that employ the same or similar strategies.
Certain Advisory Accounts may be unable to participate directly in particular types of investment opportunities (including
those sourced by or available from GSAM or affiliates of GSAM), such as certain types of loans, due to the nature and/or
size of the Advisory Accounts or limitations or prohibitions in applicable loan or transaction documentation. In addition,
certain Advisory Accounts may be limited in their ability to participate in a particular investment opportunity due to the
timing or specific nature of such investment opportunity. Such Advisory Accounts may only be able to access such
investment opportunities indirectly through an investment in an Advisory Account that is a pooled investment vehicle,
which investment would result in additional management fees and/or performance-based compensation payable to GSAM.
In certain cases, one or more funds or other Advisory Accounts (“Primary Vehicles”) are intended to be GSAM’s primary
investment vehicles focused on, or receive priority with respect to, a particular strategy or type of investment (as
determined in GSAM’s discretion, and including investments sourced by or available from GSAM or affiliates of GSAM) as
compared to other funds or Advisory Accounts. In such cases, such other funds or Advisory Accounts may not have access
to such strategy or type of investment, or may have more limited access than would otherwise be the case. For example,
access to such strategies or types of investments may only be available to certain Advisory Account clients through an
investment in a Primary Vehicle, which investment would result in additional management fees and/or performance-based
compensation payable to GSAM. In addition, other Accounts (including Accounts in which Goldman Sachs and personnel of
Goldman Sachs have an interest) participate (through GSAM or through other areas of Goldman Sachs) in investment
opportunities that would be appropriate for such funds or other Advisory Accounts. Participation by such Accounts in such
transactions may reduce or eliminate the availability of investment opportunities to, or otherwise adversely affect, Advisory
Accounts. Furthermore, in cases in which one or more funds or other Advisory Accounts are intended to be GSAM’s primary
investment vehicles focused on, or receive priority with respect to, a particular trading strategy or type of investment, such
funds or other Advisory Accounts have specific policies or guidelines with respect to Advisory Accounts, other Accounts or
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other persons receiving the opportunity to invest alongside such funds or other Advisory Accounts with respect to one or
more investments (“Co-Investment Opportunities”). As a result, certain Advisory Accounts, other Accounts or other
persons will receive allocations to, or rights to invest in, Co-Investment Opportunities that are not available generally to
other Advisory Accounts. See this Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management—Co-Investment
Opportunities below.
In addition, in some cases GSAM makes investment recommendations to Advisory Accounts that make investment
decisions independently of GSAM. In circumstances in which there is limited availability of an investment opportunity, if
such Advisory Accounts participate in the investment opportunity at the same time as, or prior to, other Advisory Accounts,
the availability of the investment opportunity for other Advisory Accounts will be reduced irrespective of GSAM’s policies
regarding allocations of investments.
In certain cases, persons or entities who do not have an Advisory Account relationship with GSAM receive portions of
investment opportunities from GSAM, even though there is no investment advisory relationship between GSAM and such
persons or entities. Such parties include, without limitation, persons or entities with which Advisory Accounts have a
business or other relationship. Such persons or entities may have investment objectives or business strategies that are the
same as or similar to the investment objectives or investment programs of Advisory Accounts, and may seek to make or sell
investments in the same securities or other instruments, sectors or strategies as Advisory Accounts. Although a particular
investment opportunity may be appropriate for both such a person or entity and an Advisory Account (including without
limitation an Advisory Account which has an interest in or relationship with such person or entity), such opportunity may be
offered in whole or in part to the person or entity that does not have an Advisory Account relationship in accordance with
GSAM’s policies and procedures. In addition, due to regulatory or other considerations, the receipt by the person or entity
of an investment opportunity may restrict or limit the ability of a related Advisory Account to receive all or a portion of the
same opportunity.
IPO/NEW ISSUE ALLOCATION POLICIES
Allocation of initial public offerings or new issues (“IPO/New Issue”) will be effected consistent with fiduciary duties and in
accordance with the general allocation policies and procedures outlined above under Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and
Side-by-Side Management—Side-By-Side Management of Advisory Accounts; Allocation of Opportunities. The application of
the relevant factors may result in non-pro rata allocations, and certain Advisory Accounts (including Advisory Accounts in
which Goldman Sachs and personnel of Goldman Sachs have an interest) may receive an allocation when other Advisory
Accounts do not. For example, as described above in this Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management,
Side-By-Side Management of Advisory Accounts; Allocation of Opportunities, Advisory Accounts managed by a portfolio
management team that transacts with Goldman Sachs may receive allocations of IPO/New Issues and other profitable
investments that are not available to Advisory Accounts managed by portfolio management teams, including teams that
utilize the same investment strategy, that do not transact with Goldman Sachs. Allocations may be adjusted under certain
circumstances, for example in situations where pro rata allocations would result in de minimis positions or odd lots.
Furthermore, some Advisory Accounts are not eligible to participate in an IPO/New Issue where, for example, the
investment guidelines for an Advisory Account prohibit IPOs/New Issues, the account is a directed brokerage account
(including accounts in the Wrap Program), or the account is owned by persons restricted from participating in IPOs/New
Issues pursuant to Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Rules 5130 and/or 5131, as amended, supplemented and
interpreted from time to time, or other applicable laws or rules or prudent policies in any jurisdiction.
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DISCRETIONARY AND NON-DISCRETIONARY ACCOUNTS
GSAM provides non-discretionary investment advisory services where GSAM advises Advisory Accounts on one or more of
purchasing, selling, investing, holding, valuing, or exercising rights with respect to particular investments, but does not have
discretion to execute purchases or sales on behalf of the Advisory Accounts without the specific instruction of the client. In
certain cases, GSAM advises with respect to the same or similar securities in discretionary and non-discretionary Advisory
Accounts. There may be timing differences related to the transmission of advice to non-discretionary Advisory Account
clients for consideration and a determination of whether to act on the advice. As a result, in certain cases GSAM executes
trades in investments for discretionary Advisory Accounts in advance of GSAM communicating with non-discretionary
account clients about those investments. As a result, particularly with large orders, where the investments are scarce or
thinly traded, or where pricing changes after discretionary Advisory Accounts invest (including because the applicable
investment provides fees, such as original issue discount or origination fees, or other benefits to investors who participate
in the investment at inception), non-discretionary Advisory Accounts receive allocations or prices that in certain cases are
less favorable than those obtained for discretionary Advisory Accounts. In particular, it is the policy of HFS to consider
demand from HFS Advisory Accounts that do not require prior investment approval from clients in scarce capacity
allocations before considering demand from other HFS Advisory Accounts. In addition, in certain cases, non-discretionary
Advisory Accounts and/or HFS Advisory Accounts that do require prior investment approval from clients may also be unable
to dispose of a particular security.
In other cases, GSAM advises discretionary accounts independently of non-discretionary accounts. For example, in
connection with non-discretionary Advisory Accounts, GSAM may have information with respect to pending purchases or
sales, or relating to a non-discretionary client’s business and financial position, each of which may affect GSAM’s advice to
such non-discretionary client. In the event that GSAM considers such information to be of a sensitive nature, GSAM may, on
a case by case basis, elect to implement internal policies and procedures (including, where appropriate, the use of
information barriers) to manage the flow of such information within GSAM, which may prevent the transmission or affect
the timing of transmission of certain advice to some accounts.
CO-INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
As described above, in cases in which one or more funds or other Advisory Accounts are intended to be GSAM’s primary
investment vehicles focused on, or that receive priority with respect to, a particular strategy or type of investment, such
funds or other Advisory Accounts have specific policies or guidelines with respect to Advisory Accounts, other Accounts or
other persons receiving Co-Investment Opportunities, which will result in certain Advisory Accounts, other Accounts or
other persons receiving allocations to, or rights to invest in, Co-Investment Opportunities that are not available to Advisory
Accounts generally.
Policies relating to Co-Investment Opportunities depend on the type of funds or other Advisory Accounts and the
particulars of their investment programs, among other factors. Typically, policies relating to Co-Investment Opportunities
are tailored to the funds or other Advisory Accounts that are the primary investment vehicles focused on, or that receive
priority with respect to, the applicable investment opportunity. Generally, Co-Investment Opportunities are made available
when GSAM determines that while it is in the best interests of the funds or other Advisory Accounts to acquire the full
amount of a particular investment (as opposed to not making the investment), it is further in the best interests of the funds
or other Advisory Accounts, due to diversification, portfolio management, leverage management, investment profile, risk
tolerance or other exposure guidelines or limitations, cash flow or other considerations, for the funds or other Advisory
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Accounts to acquire or otherwise hold less economic exposure to the investment than the full amount. In addition, GSAM
provides Co-Investment Opportunities (including opportunities to make investments in accordance with a particular
investment thesis utilized by an Advisory Account alongside such Advisory Account) to certain persons, including certain of
GSAM’s non-discretionary clients, if the capacity available with respect to an investment opportunity exceeds the amount
that GSAM determines is appropriate or optimal for the Advisory Account participating in such investment opportunity.
Generally, GSAM has broad discretion in determining to whom and in what relative amounts to allocate Co-Investment
Opportunities. Factors GSAM may take into account include, but are not limited to:
The magnitude and nature of a potential recipient’s relationship with Goldman Sachs, if any;
Whether such potential recipient is able to assist or provide a benefit to the funds, Advisory Accounts and/or
Goldman Sachs in connection with the potential transaction or otherwise;
Whether GSAM believes the potential recipient is able to execute a transaction quickly or is willing to bear
expenses associated with a potential transaction that is not consummated;
Whether the potential recipient is expected to provide expertise or other advantages in connection with a
particular investment; and
GSAM’s evaluation of its past experiences and relationships with the potential recipient, such as the willingness or
ability of the potential recipient to respond promptly and/or affirmatively to potential investment opportunities
previously offered by GSAM.
Co-Investment Opportunities may or may not give preference to investors in the applicable funds or other Advisory
Accounts, or investors that have made commitments over a certain threshold as opposed to other investors, and Co-
Investment Opportunities may be provided in connection with a commitment to a fund or other Advisory Account. No
Advisory Account or other person (including Advisory Accounts that are similarly situated to Advisory Accounts or other
persons receiving Co-Investment Opportunities) will have any right to any Co-Investment Opportunity unless such person
has entered into an agreement with respect thereto. GSAM generally is under no obligation to offer Co-Investment
Opportunities to investors in the applicable funds or other Advisory Accounts and may offer Co-Investment Opportunities
to investors in other funds or Advisory Accounts, or to third parties, in its discretion. Neither GSAM clients nor PWM clients
of GS&Co. should expect to be offered Co-Investment Opportunities.
Co-Investment Opportunities are provided on a case-by-case basis as they arise or in the form of priority rights with respect
to future Co-Investment Opportunities. GSAM may or may not receive fees or other compensation in connection with Co-
Investment Opportunities. Co-Investment Opportunities may be acquired at the same time and on the same terms as the
funds or other Advisory Accounts making the primary investment, or at different times or on different terms, including in a
subsequent sale by one or more of such funds or other Advisory Accounts to the participants in a Co-Investment
Opportunity. The price at which an Advisory Account acquires an investment in connection with a Co-Investment
Opportunity may be based upon cost and may or may not include an interest component or may reflect adjustments to the
value of the investment following acquisition by the selling Advisory Account. See Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or
Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Principal Trading and Cross/Agency Cross Transactions with Advisory
Accounts. As described above, GSAM may make (or commit to make), or may cause one or more Advisory Accounts to
make (or commit to make) an investment in a portfolio company with the intent to sell a portion of such investment to
potential co-investors. If GSAM is not successful in selling such a Co-Investment Opportunity to such potential co-investors,
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the applicable Advisory Accounts will hold a greater concentration and have greater exposure in such portfolio company
than what would be deemed optimal, and will bear the entire portion of any broken-deal expenses and other costs and
expenses related to such investment. However, as indicated above, GSAM will not cause Advisory Accounts to make (or
commit to make) an investment in a portfolio company unless GSAM determines that it is in the best interests of such
Advisory Accounts to acquire the full amount of a particular investment (as opposed to not making the investment).
In addition, GSAM is incentivized to offer certain potential co-investors (including, by way of example, as a part of a
strategic relationship or based on the size of such co-investor’s commitment, individually and in the aggregate, to the
Advisory Accounts within their commitment periods) opportunities to co-invest in opportunities of a certain size, in priority
and/or on more favorable terms as compared to other co-investors because the extent to which any such co-investor
participates in (or is offered) co-investment opportunities may impact the amount of performance-based compensation
and/or management fees (as well as any discounts or rebates thereof that may result if certain target co-investment
allocations or other conditions under such arrangements are not achieved) to which GSAM and/or its affiliates may be
entitled under such arrangements with such co-investors. The allocation of expenses, and in particular broken-deal
expenses, with respect to Non-Discretionary Co-investors is discussed in further detail above in Item 5, Fees and
Compensation—Other Fees and Expenses—Allocation of Expenses and Broken-Deal Expenses.
Co-Investments by Certain Advisory Accounts
GSAM has formed, and expects to form one or more additional, Advisory Accounts that are business development
companies or registered investment companies from time to time (collectively, the “GS RICs”) that will invest alongside
certain other Advisory Accounts. The GS RICs are subject to certain regulatory and other considerations that constrain their
operations, which could have an impact on Advisory Accounts that co-invest alongside the GS RICs. For example, if in
connection with a debt investment by an Advisory Account that is a private fund and any GS RICs, the GS RICs are also
providing an associated revolving loan, the Advisory Account that is a private fund would also be required, pursuant to an
exemptive order applicable to the GS RICs, to participate in the revolving loan in order for the GS RICs to make such
investment. In addition, if an Advisory Account were to participate in co-investments alongside any GS RICs, the Advisory
Account may dispose of such an investment if the GS RICs are given the opportunity to dispose of the investment on the
same terms and determine not to do so.
GSAM expects to source investments for Advisory Accounts based on their investment objectives and strategy, but due to
the existence of the GS RICs there may be certain investments that are structured differently or that have different terms or
that are disposed of differently than they would have absent the existence of the GS RICs. While there are restrictions
imposed on other Advisory Accounts as a result of co-investing alongside GS RICs, GSAM believes such restrictions are
outweighed by the benefits received by such other Advisory Accounts for participating in such co-investment opportunities,
including broader access to deal-making expertise across GSAM and access to advantageous investment opportunities as a
result of having larger pools of capital for investment.
PROVISION OF PORTFOLIO INFORMATION TO MODEL PORTFOLIO ADVISERS
GSAM provides model portfolios, including, without limitation, equity security models and multi-asset class models, directly
and indirectly through third-party investment platforms, to affiliated and unaffiliated investment advisers (“Model Portfolio
Advisers”) who use such model portfolios to assist in developing their own investment recommendations and managing
their own client accounts. Accounts managed by Model Portfolio Advisers are referred to herein as “Model Portfolio
Accounts.” Model Portfolio Accounts are advisory clients of the Model Portfolio Advisers and not GSAM. As a result, GSAM
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is not a fiduciary with respect to the Model Portfolio Accounts. In addition, certain Model Portfolio Advisers may white label
or co-brand the model portfolios provided by GSAM to the Model Portfolio Accounts.
Trades on behalf of accounts that commence trading after the others may be subject to price movements caused by the
earlier trades, particularly with large orders or where the securities are thinly traded. As a result, Model Portfolio Accounts
may not track the model and Model Portfolio Accounts and Advisory Accounts may receive prices that are less favorable
than the prices obtained for other accounts. This could occur, for example, because of time zone differences, the
dissemination of information regarding model portfolios or any updates thereto to different Model Portfolio Advisers at
different times as described below, delays by a Model Portfolio Adviser, or other reasons that cause orders to be placed at
different times. Any delay in the communication or receipt of information regarding, or updates to, model portfolios may in
certain instances reduce or eliminate the usefulness of such model portfolios to Model Portfolio Advisers, Model Portfolio
Accounts and Advisory Accounts. See also Item 12, Aggregation of Orders, for information regarding the allocation of
securities relating to orders that are executed on an aggregated basis.
GSAM may (but need not) delay communicating information regarding model portfolios or any updates thereto to Model
Portfolio Advisers until after Advisory Accounts have commenced trading. In addition, there may be circumstances outside
of GSAM’s control which result in timing differences in the receipt of information regarding, or updates to, model portfolios
by a particular Model Portfolio Adviser or Model Portfolio Account, on the one hand, and Advisory Accounts or other
persons, on the other hand. In such circumstances, Model Portfolio Advisers, including personnel of PWM who make
execution decisions for certain Model Portfolio Accounts, will not have had the chance to evaluate or act upon the model
portfolio recommendations prior to the time at which other Advisory Accounts received such recommendations and had
the opportunity to act upon them. It is also possible that Model Portfolio Advisers, including PWM personnel who make
execution decisions for certain Model Portfolio Accounts, will act upon such recommendations before other Advisory
Accounts have commenced trading based on such recommendations. In certain circumstances, GSAM rotates which Model
Portfolio Accounts receive information regarding model portfolios or any updates thereto in order to disseminate models
fairly over time.
GSAM has retained a third-party service provider to assist in the delivery of model portfolios to certain Model Portfolio
Accounts. This service provider will provide the relevant Model Portfolio Accounts in accordance with its own trade
rotation policy, which may be similar to, or different from, GSAM’s trade rotation policy.
Notwithstanding such trade rotations or other applicable policies, there can be no assurance that a particular Model
Portfolio Account will not be disadvantaged relative to other Model Portfolio Accounts or Advisory Accounts during a
particular period of time or over the life of the particular Model Portfolio Account.
Item 7 – Types of Clients
TYPES OF CLIENTS
GSAM provides investment solutions to a range of individual and institutional investors worldwide. GSAM’s clients include
individuals, families and family entities, banks and thrift institutions, pooled investment vehicles, pension and profit sharing
plans, trusts, estates, charitable organizations, insurance companies, corporations, and other business entities. In addition
to those types of clients, GSAM provides investment advice to U.S. and non-U.S. government entities, sovereign wealth
funds, local authorities and public international bodies, as well as mutual funds, closed end funds (including business
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development companies), exchange traded funds, interval funds, collective trusts, long-only pooled investment vehicles
(direct and Manager of Manager Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles), hedge funds (direct and funds-of-funds),
private equity funds, real estate funds, securitization vehicles and other private investment vehicles (e.g., XIG Program
Funds).
GSAM also has client and other relationships with other entities, including special purpose acquisition vehicles, operating
companies, and commodity ETFs. GSAM provides various services to these entities, including management and other
services in relation to their business strategies and operations. GSAM (or an affiliate of GSAM) receives compensation in
exchange for these services, which may include asset and/or performance-based compensation or other forms of
compensation (e.g., equity interests in such entities). GSAM does not provide services to these entities pursuant to
investment advisory contracts and GSAM’s relationships with these clients are not investment advisory relationships. As a
result, investors in such entities generally do not have the protections of the substantive provisions of the Advisers Act and
may not have the protections of the substantive provisions of certain other laws and regulations. However, GSAM in its
discretion may, and in many cases does, operate such entities in accordance with, and take such entities into account for
purposes of, certain of the policies and procedures described herein. In particular, such entities generally receive
allocations of opportunities from GSAM, and generally are included in GSAM’s allocation procedures, as described above in
Item 6, Performance Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management—Side-By-Side Management of Advisory Accounts;
Allocation of Opportunities. In addition, GSAM’s activities on behalf of such entities in certain situations creates conflicts of
interest between such entities, on the one hand, and Advisory Accounts, on the other hand, that are the same as or similar
to the conflicts that arise between Advisory Accounts, or between an Advisory Account, on the one hand, and an Account,
on the other hand, as described in Item 6, Performance Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management and Item 11, Code of
Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading.
ACCOUNT REQUIREMENTS
Except as described below with respect to Retail Managed Account Services Enrolled Participant Accounts, GSAM does not
generally impose a minimum dollar value of assets in order to open or maintain an account. However, GSAM does consider
the minimum annual fee an account is expected to generate when determining whether to open or maintain an account.
GSAM may take into account the dollar value of assets expected to be managed in an account, as well as the type of
investment strategy to be employed, in determining whether to open or maintain a separately managed account. Retail
Managed Account Services Enrolled Participant Accounts are subject to a minimum account size of $5,000, unless such
minimum is waived by GSAM in its sole discretion.
In the case of consulting or Wrap Programs sponsored by certain broker-dealers, GSAM generally requires clients to have
minimum assets under management of $100,000. The minimum account size applicable to GSAM clients with “dual
contract,” “single contract” or sub-advisory managed account arrangements may differ from that applicable to GSAM
clients participating in consulting or Wrap Programs.
To open or maintain an Advisory Account with GSAM, clients are required to sign an investment advisory agreement that,
among other things, describes the nature of the investment advisory authority given to GSAM. Under delegated authority
from one or more of its affiliates, GSAM also manages certain accounts of its affiliates’ clients and receives a portion of the
fee or other compensation paid by the client from the affiliate for such services. In such cases, the client will have entered
into an investment advisory agreement with Goldman Sachs or with GSAM’s affiliate and not GSAM.
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In the case of certain separately managed accounts and private investment funds, U.S. investors must generally be
“accredited investors” as defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
“1933 Act”), “qualified purchasers” as defined in Section 2(a)(51)(A) of the Investment Company Act and “qualified eligible
persons” under Rule 4.7 of the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act, as amended. The minimum amount investors must invest in
such GSAM-managed funds and accounts is set forth in each such fund’s prospectus or other relevant offering document
and varies from fund to fund depending on the particular investment product. Such minimum amount is typically between
$500,000 and $25,000,000, although may be lower (as is the case for GSAM Employee Funds) or higher, and may be waived
in the discretion of a fund’s general partner, managing member, board of directors, or other managing body.
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
GSAM and its investment teams offer a broad range of products across asset classes, regions and the risk spectrum. These
investment teams are described below.
GSAM’s investment teams use a variety of proprietary and non-proprietary analysis and data to evaluate investment
options and formulate investment advice for Advisory Accounts. The methods of analysis and particular account
characteristics will vary depending on the particular investment strategy offered, but may include fundamental or
quantitative (including asset allocation models) analysis as well as ESG and impact strategies. Additional sources of research
information include other general information and analysis as may be appropriate under the circumstances. Advisory
Accounts differ from portfolio management group to portfolio management group, and guidelines, strategies and sub-
strategies differ among Advisory Accounts.
The investment processes used by GSAM’s investment teams consider a wide range of factors, indicators, and/or risks, and
no one factor or other consideration is determinative. For certain strategies, as part of the applicable team’s investment
process, the investment team may integrate ESG factors with traditional fundamental factors. The identification of a risk
related to an ESG factor will not necessarily exclude a particular security and/or sector that, in the applicable investment
team’s view, is otherwise suitable and attractively priced for investment, and certain teams may invest in a security or
sector without integrating ESG factors or considerations into their fundamental investment processes. The relevance of
specific traditional fundamental factors and ESG factors to the fundamental investment process varies across asset classes,
sectors and strategies. Investment teams may utilize data sources provided by third-party vendors and/or engage directly
with issuers when assessing the above factors.
Advisory Account clients and investors in pooled investment vehicles should understand that all investment strategies and
the investments made pursuant to such strategies involve risk of loss, including the potential loss of the entire investment,
which clients and investors should be prepared to bear. The investment performance and the success of any investment
strategy or particular investment can never be predicted or guaranteed, and the value of a client’s or an investor’s
investments will fluctuate due to market conditions and other factors. The investment decisions made and the actions
taken for Advisory Accounts will be subject to various market, liquidity, currency, economic, political and other risks, and
investments may lose value. Please see this Item 8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss—Material
Risks for Significant Investment Strategies and Particular Types of Securities for information about the risks associated with
security types and investment techniques used by GSAM.
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Fundamental Equity
The Fundamental Equity team conducts bottom-up fundamental research across a broad range of country-specific and
multi-regional portfolios in choosing securities for an Advisory Account. The team also uses macro analysis of numerous
economic and valuation variables to anticipate changes in company earnings and the overall investment climate. The team
is able to draw on the research and market expertise of securities dealers, including affiliates of GSAM. The team currently
manages strategies across a broad range of capitalizations and styles, spanning U.S., global-developed, growth and
emerging markets. The team’s Advisory Accounts generally invest in common stocks, preferred stocks, interests in real
estate investment trusts (“REITs”), convertible debt obligations, and convertible preferred stocks. Other Advisory Account
investments include equity interests in trusts, partnerships, joint ventures, SPACs, limited liability companies and similar
enterprises, Master Limited Partnerships (“MLPs”), warrants and stock purchase rights and synthetic and derivative
instruments that have economic characteristics related to equity securities.
Global Fixed Income and Liquidity Management
The Global Fixed Income team seeks to capitalize on fixed income investment opportunities across countries, currencies,
sectors and issuers utilizing a dynamic fundamental investment process. The team offers single-sector, multi-sector, short
duration and government and municipal/tax-free strategies and uses independent specialist teams for bottom-up and top-
down analyses, and to generate strategies within their areas of expertise. The team generally establishes a “risk budget” or
range that a particular Advisory Account may deviate from its applicable benchmarks with respect to sector allocations,
country allocations, securities selection and, to a lesser extent, duration. Following analysis of risk and return objectives,
the team allocates the overall risk budget to each component strategy to seek to optimize potential return and builds a
diversified portfolio of individual securities consistent with each client’s overall risk and return objectives. When managing
Advisory Accounts, portfolio managers dynamically adjust the mix of top-down and bottom-up strategies and strategy
teams adjust strategies and security selections in seeking to optimize performance within their specialty areas.
The Global Liquidity Management team within Global Fixed Income helps clients to construct liquidity management
solutions that encompass commercial and government securities as well as multicurrency options using a dynamic
fundamental investment process. The Global Liquidity Management team uses a combination of active duration
management, term structure, and sector and security selection decisions. Duration and term structure decisions reflect the
team’s view on the timing and direction of monetary policy, as well as an Advisory Account’s immediate and near-term cash
requirements. Sector and individual security selection decisions also depend on Advisory Account guidelines, as well as on
fundamental and quantitative sector research that seeks to optimize the risk/return profile of the portfolio. Security
selection is restricted to issuers that meet certain credit standards.
Insurance Asset Management
The Insurance Asset Management team, which includes dedicated fixed-income portfolio managers and insurance-focused
sector specialists that are integrated into the Global Fixed Income team, offers a broad range of investment solutions to life,
health, property and casualty insurers, and reinsurance clients. The team develops investment solutions within customized
capital and risk management frameworks, including assisting clients in assessing financial risk. The team also incorporates
specialized insurance strategy, risk management, reporting and accounting services, unique to the needs of insurers. The
team focuses on educating and assisting insurers in areas such as strategic asset allocation, asset liability management,
capital management, peer analysis, capital and tax-efficient investment strategies. In providing this education and
assistance, a team of professionals with experience in the insurance industry and quantitative analysis use risk and capital
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modeling optimization and stress testing capabilities based on Goldman Sachs’ proprietary optimization systems. As agreed
with Advisory Accounts, the team’s fixed-income investment approach takes into account regulatory, capital, accounting
and other client-specific requirements. The fixed-income investment strategies employed to manage assets may include:
(i) modified total return strategies that are typically managed to total return objectives; and/or (ii) income/buy and hold
strategies that are typically managed to specific, client-defined income, yield or spread targets. Where appropriate, the
team also leverages the resources of other GSAM investment teams across asset classes with the goal of providing clients
with diverse sources of risk-adjusted returns.
Quantitative Strategies
The Quantitative Strategies teams pursue a disciplined and systematic application of quantitative techniques (“Quantitative
Strategies”) in the investment management process. These Quantitative Strategies are offered primarily through two
separate channels: (i) the Quantitative Investment Strategies (“QIS”) team and (ii) the Quantitative Equity Solutions (“QES”)
team.
In implementing the Quantitative Strategies, the QIS and QES teams may rely on resources such as sophisticated risk
modeling capabilities, algorithmic trading, transaction cost modeling and optimization-based portfolio construction. Each
team will monitor and, from time to time, may make changes to the selection or weight of individual or groups of securities,
currencies, or markets in which Advisory Accounts invest. Such modifications may result from changes in the quantitative
methodology, changes in the manner of applying the quantitative methodology, changes in trading procedure, or
adjustments to the outputs of the model in the qualitative or quantitative judgment of the team.
Quantitative Investment Strategies
The QIS team uses quantitative methodologies to manage portfolios across a wide variety of equity alpha, alternative risk
premia, and rules-based factor investing strategies.
The QIS team members focused on equity alpha strategies attempt to forecast expected returns on a global universe of
stocks on a daily basis using proprietary models based on certain investment themes including, among others, fundamental
mispricings, high quality business models, overall market sentiment and market themes and trends. Within these models,
the QIS team may utilize artificial intelligence techniques, such as natural language processing and machine learning, to,
among other things, help extract information from various textual or audio datasets.
The QIS team members focused on alternative risk premia strategies create portfolios comprising liquid hedge fund beta
and alternative risk premia strategies, including volatility and trend strategies. The methods and techniques that are utilized
in the team’s investment processes include a customizable solution for implementing a hedge fund beta program as well as
practical tools for analyzing and attributing an existing hedge fund portfolio; construction, risk-management, and
implementation of long/short alternative risk premia portfolios across asset classes; and customized options-based overlay
solutions for equity portfolios.
The QIS team members focused on rules-based factor investing strategies design rules-based equity portfolios that seek
exposure to common investment factors. The methods and techniques that are utilized in the team’s investment processes
include ActiveBeta™ equity portfolios that employ a transparent, rules-based and patented methodology for constructing
benchmark-aware factor portfolios that aim to achieve efficient exposure to a diverse set of investment factors. The team
also offers customized multi-asset class allocations, risk management strategies, tactical investments and investment
advisory solutions.
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As described above, for certain strategies, the multi-factor models used by QIS assess a wide range of indicators, which may
include certain ESG indicators. These ESG indicators may include, but are not limited to, emission intensity, labor
satisfaction, reputational concerns, governance and management incentives. QIS also may also seek to address certain
environmental risks, such as climate transition risk by weighting stocks based, in part, on certain proprietary emissions
metrics. The relevance and weightings of specific ESG indicators to or within the investment process vary across asset
classes, sectors and strategies and no one indicator is determinative.
QIS in its sole discretion may periodically update the indicators used in the investment decision-making process. The
indicators applied by QIS are assessed in reliance on one or a number of third-party vendors, including third-party ESG
vendors. QIS, in its sole discretion, retains the right to disapply data and/or ratings provided by third-party vendors where it
deems the data and/or ratings to be inappropriate.
Quantitative Equity Solutions
The QES team designs and builds personalized portfolios and investment solutions tailored to the investment goals and
objectives of both individual and institutional investors. The QES team strategies seek to deliver on a range of client goals,
including tax-managed, factor-based, income-oriented, value-aligned, and environmental and socially responsible
portfolios.
The QES team offers a comprehensive and customizable platform for implementing portfolios that provide broad and
diversified equity market exposure while incorporating client goals. The team’s investment process utilizes methods and
techniques such as customized equity market exposure to domestic, international and global markets; tax management
techniques including year-round tax-loss harvesting; buy-write strategies that utilize index call writing; income enhancing
strategies including dividend oriented strategies; strategies that aim to deliver outperformance relative to a chosen benchmark
on a pre-tax basis, while also generating tax deferral benefits through tax-loss harvesting; and risk management and values
alignment solutions, such as through applying customized portfolio screens.
The QES team also manages ETFs, mutual funds, and exchange funds that provide exposure to various asset classes and
certain common factors, market beta and/or other thematic investment strategies.
Advisory Account clients, including Wrap Program clients, may request that GSAM engage in trades intended to offset
capital gains tax liability. Such tax loss harvesting trades are subject to GSAM’s policies regarding minimum size of the trade,
timing and format of the request. As part of this policy GSAM may limit, depending on strategy, the maximum amount of
losses that would be permitted to be taken in an account. Tax loss harvesting trades will generally receive a lower priority
than cash flow trades, trades to fund new accounts, trades to liquidate securities in connection with account terminations
and block trades. As such, there may be a significant delay between an Advisory Account’s tax loss harvesting request and
its execution, and requests received relatively later in the tax year may not be executed before year end. When deploying
tax loss harvesting and other tax advantaged strategies, GSAM does not guarantee the ability to reduce the taxable
consequence from managing assets. In addition, because GSAM is only responsible for the particular assets in its managed
portfolio, there is no guarantee that the tax loss harvesting trades will have their intended result. When there is significant
trading activity, the client could sell or trade a security at a loss and, within 30 days before or after this sale, buy the same
or a substantially identical security (a “wash sale”), negating the taxable advantage of realizing investment losses from the
sale of securities. Further, attempts to reduce the taxable consequence of a portfolio may cause a disparity in the
performance of the Advisory Account where, for example, certain assets are not sold when they might have been sold if
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taxes were not considered. GSAM will generally not consider information regarding positions held or transactions executed
outside Advisory Accounts.
GSAM Private
GSAM Private invests in private equity, credit, real estate and infrastructure equity, as further detailed below. GSAM Private
has a global presence and access to internally generated, proprietary investment opportunities. By utilizing investment
professionals located around the world and its local market relationships, knowledge and expertise, GSAM Private can
source, assess and make opportunistic investments in different markets with a knowledgeable local perspective. Goldman
Sachs, including Goldman Sachs Global Banking & Markets, maintains a broad network of relationships with companies,
investment firms, investors, entrepreneurs and financial intermediaries around the world. Subject to regulatory restrictions
and information barriers, these Goldman Sachs relationships generate a substantial flow of opportunities which allow
GSAM Private to be selective in committing capital to investments in situations that GSAM Private believes have attractive
risk / reward characteristics.
In assessing potential investments, a team of investment professionals (the “GSAM Private Investment Team”), conducts
business, financial and legal due diligence, among other things, to review key risk areas. The GSAM Private Investment Team
may also hire external advisors and consultants and/or seek advice from a network of professionals within Goldman Sachs,
including, without limitation, other Goldman Sachs committees or working groups such as such as the Firmwide Reputational
Risk Committee, regional vetting groups or the Structured Product Committee. Once the GSAM Private Investment Team
identifies an investment opportunity, it prepares a memorandum and presentation for the relevant investment committee,
which is comprised of senior professionals in GSAM Private and other Control-Side Professionals of Goldman Sachs (each, a
“GSAM Private Investment Committee”). Based on the analyses, investment thesis, results of due diligence, reputational
considerations and recommendation presented by the GSAM Private Investment Team, the relevant GSAM Private Investment
Committee then determines whether Goldman Sachs and/or any Advisory Account should make the recommended
investment, which may be subject to certain conditions.
GSAM Private monitors the performance of the investment after closing, with a focus on value creation and identifying
potential exit opportunities. Members of the GSAM Private Investment Team or consultants engaged on its behalf may also
serve on the board of directors of a portfolio company after the investment is made. As directors, these members will be in a
position to monitor and focus on the company’s performance and strategy. In this regard, having a director also helps GSAM
Private monitor the company’s risk profile and potential reputational risk, including environmental, health and safety risks and
compliance issues. Typical exit methods for equity interests (whether corporate, infrastructure or real estate) may include: (i)
sale through a public offering or a private placement; (ii) sale to a strategic or financial buyer; and (iii) recapitalization. For
credit investments, the exit process may also be completed through a sale to a buyer, or through repayment or refinancing.
Throughout the exit process, the GSAM Private Investment Team, in conjunction with the respective GSAM Private Investment
Committee, typically negotiates the sale price, structures the exit of the investment and coordinates with internal and external
advisors involved in the exit process. In certain cases, an investor with a separately managed account may have the right to
withdraw their securities from their Advisory Accounts or request an exit via the methods described above.
GSAM Private – Corporate Equity
Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private invest in the private equity market by making investments in equity, equity-
related and similar securities or instruments, including debt or other securities or instruments with equity-like returns or an
equity component, of portfolio companies and include strategies such as leveraged buyouts. In addition to leveraging Goldman
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Sachs’ current and past portfolio companies, a multi-asset platform, domain expertise and a broad network, these Advisory
Accounts also draw on the wide reach of Goldman Sachs to source investment opportunities.
GSAM Private – Growth Equity
Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private invest in equity, equity-related and similar securities or instruments, including
preferred equity, debt or other securities or instruments with equity-like returns or an equity component, in growth-stage
companies with the potential for revenue growth, or that is otherwise characteristic of a growth equity opportunity. These
Advisory Accounts are expected to be diversified across three primary industries—enterprise technology, financial technology,
and healthcare—but are not restricted from investing in other industries.
GSAM Private - Private Credit, Direct Lending and Hybrid Capital
Private Credit, which includes senior direct lending, mezzanine and opportunistic strategies, invests primarily in debt
instruments of middle market to large cap companies across industries, geographic regions, economic cycles and financing
structures. Private Credit generally employs a “buy and hold” investment strategy that focuses on (i) the direct origination of
senior secured debt, mezzanine debt, incidental equity investments, preferred equity, and structured investments spanning
debt, equity and hybrid structures, (ii) disciplined investment selection with intensive due diligence and credit analysis and (iii)
active ongoing portfolio monitoring. Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private may participate in new originations by
originating entire debt tranches and by providing meaningful commitments to large tranches.
GSAM Private - Investment Grade Private Credit and Asset Finance
The Investment Grade Private Credit and Asset Finance team is comprised of multiple businesses in one private-side strategy.
Investment Grade Private Credit (“IGPC”) invests in privately-issued debt securities across a broad spectrum of issuers, sectors,
geographies, and maturities. IGPC primarily focuses on investment grade credit quality (BBB- or above) that may be unrated or
rated. Sector specialties include, but are not limited to, secured and unsecured corporate bonds and project finance
(renewable energy, transportation, and social infrastructure). Investment opportunities are originated through agent bank
relationships, issuer and sponsor contacts, and advisors. Asset Finance covers a diverse portfolio of privately originated,
current income-oriented opportunities secured by physical and/or financial assets. Asset classes include consumer credit, fund
finance, commercial finance, real estate finance, hard assets and trade receivables. Asset Finance opportunities can be
investment grade or non-investment grade.
GSAM Private - Real Estate
Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private invest in a range of sectors and markets globally, with strategies spanning real
estate equity and credit. GSAM Private’s real estate business has in-house teams responsible for sourcing and managing
equity and credit investments, including asset management, construction services, debt financing and sustainability, and also
leverages the broad-based resources and capabilities of Goldman Sachs to source, underwrite, manage, finance and exit
investments. GSAM Private has also established or acquired, and may in the future establish or acquire, one or more Real
Estate Operating Platforms to service Advisory Account real estate assets. Certain of such existing Real Estate Operating
Platforms are, and future Real Estate Operating Platforms may be, owned by Goldman Sachs and/or certain Advisory
Accounts. See Item 10, Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliates—Other Material Relationships with Affiliated
Entities—Real Estate Operating Platforms for additional information regarding Real Estate Operating Platforms.
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GSAM Private - Infrastructure
Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private invest in the infrastructure sector by making investments in equity, equity-related
and similar securities or instruments, including debt or other securities or instruments with equity-like returns or an equity
component, including shareholder loans. These investments are made primarily in the following infrastructure sub-sectors:
transportation and logistics, energy transition and renewables, digital infrastructure and circular economy. Infrastructure
investments in which Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private participate can be made through a variety of transaction
types, including (i) purchases of private companies or assets, (ii) provision of strategic capital to fund mergers, acquisition or
other transactions, (iii) public-to-private transactions, and (iv) in select cases, build-ups and development or construction
projects. GSAM Private’s infrastructure business prefers investments with a core of existing or “brownfield” assets, often with
the ability to enhance returns through major capex or accretive add-on acquisitions, generally seeks significant governance
control and influence with respect to infrastructure investments and generally does not seek to enhance returns through
excessive leverage.
GSAM Private - Sustainability
Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private invest in energy and environment-related opportunities led by qualified,
experienced teams backed by a global sustainability platform. The core strength of the sustainability strategy employed by
GSAM Private is in identifying trends to support energy transition and environmental resiliency across industries and the
economy through understanding the long-term viability of innovative solutions and their business models. GSAM Private
combines its expertise in energy transition and environmental best practices with Goldman Sachs’ globally recognized
brand, broad network and deep industry expertise that drives proprietary sourcing and value creation to invest in (i) key
sectors focused on environment and climate thematics, and (ii) inclusive growth opportunities in the healthcare, education,
and financial services sectors.
GSAM Private - Life Sciences
Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private invest in the life sciences sector in equity, equity-related and similar securities
or instruments, including preferred equity, debt or other securities or instruments with equity-like returns or an equity
component, of portfolio companies in the preclinical to phase II stages of development with proof of concept and multi-
program portfolios of potential drug candidates and scientific platforms. These Advisory Accounts are expected to be
diversified across several fundamental innovations in the life sciences sector, including precision medicine, genetic
medicine, and immunotherapy, as well as across structural opportunities, including the rise of scalable platforms, strategic
and financial market dislocations, and the globalization of life sciences innovation.
GSAM Private – Urban Investment Group
Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private invest in real estate and real estate-related investments, debt instruments,
equity, and equity-related and similar securities or instruments, in high-impact projects related to low- and moderate-
income persons and neighborhoods. Such investments include projects focused on community and economic development
through real estate projects in collaboration with governmental institutions, social enterprises, and lending facilities for
small businesses, students and individuals. Certain Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private qualify as “qualified
opportunity funds” (“QOFs”) by investing in the development or rehabilitation of real-estate and real-estate related assets
in census tracts designated as “opportunity zones” in underserved and economically distressed U.S. urban communities in
accordance with the “Opportunity Zone” program originally established under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and
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subsequently amended by the One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025, which, among other changes, removed the Opportunity
Zone program’s prior statutory sunset.
GSAM Private – Multi-Strategy
Certain Advisory Accounts advised by GSAM Private that make direct investments in the private equity, credit, real estate,
and infrastructure markets as described elsewhere in this GSAM Private section also invest in those markets through co-
investments with Unaffiliated Advisers and transactions which seek to provide liquidity to existing investors in a private
fund, such as traditional secondary investments, investments in continuation vehicles, preferred equity transactions, and
other similar transactions. With respect to such Advisory Accounts, GSAM Private generally retains portfolio management
responsibilities for direct investments in the markets described above and generally delegates to XIG portfolio management
and certain other services with respect to the other forms of liquidity transactions described above. Investments made by
such Advisory Accounts may be made alongside current and future Goldman Sachs private investment funds, including XIG
Advisory Accounts. For additional information regarding the XIG business, please see “External Investing Group” below.
External Investing Group (“XIG”)
XIG provides investment management and advisory services designed to assist clients in diversifying risk generally through
investments with Unaffiliated Advisers, including Unaffiliated Advisers engaged in hedge fund, private equity, real estate,
credit and fixed-income, and public equity strategies, although XIG also makes direct investments as described below. XIG
manages client assets through selection of one or more Unaffiliated Advisers, selection of Unaffiliated Advisers to sub-
advise pooled investment vehicles or separately managed accounts managed by XIG and/or its affiliates (such pooled
investment vehicles and separately managed accounts, “Manager of Manager Accounts”), direct investment in Underlying
Funds that are private and/or public funds advised by Unaffiliated Advisers, and establishment of investment vehicles
managed by XIG that invest their assets in primary investments in such third-party managed Underlying Funds (“XIG
Program Funds”). In formulating its investment views, XIG may rely on macroeconomic and global insights, capital market
views, corporate and industry expertise, and policy insights of its own personnel, other GSAM professionals and data from
third-party information providers.
In connection with its Unaffiliated Adviser activities, XIG uses a multi-step diligence process to evaluate investments, and
ultimate investment decisions are generally made by an investment committee. After XIG makes a primary or secondary
investment, Unaffiliated Advisers are typically responsible for the day-to-day investment decisions, although XIG may
develop benchmarks and written investment guidelines for the management of Advisory Account assets by Unaffiliated
Advisers. XIG’s responsibilities with respect to Unaffiliated Advisers generally are limited to the selection, appointment,
evaluation, monitoring and removal of such Unaffiliated Advisers, and XIG generally does not have any rights with respect
to determining or approving specific investments made by the Unaffiliated Advisers other than setting general investment
objectives and guidelines. Similarly, with respect to direct co-investments, although XIG will be involved with the selection,
evaluation and monitoring of such investments, after the initial investment decision is made, XIG’s role generally is passive
and the Unaffiliated Advisers are typically responsible for day-to-day investment decisions. The Unaffiliated Advisers
generally are responsible for compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations pertaining to their investment
activities. In certain situations, XIG has agreed, and may in the future agree, with certain clients to provide a different or
lower level of services (including relating to due diligence, oversight and/or monitoring of Unaffiliated Advisers and/or
Underlying Funds) than would typically be the case absent such agreement.
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The one or more Unaffiliated Advisers to which an Advisory Account allocates assets from time to time will generally be
determined by XIG, in its sole discretion, based on factors deemed relevant by XIG. XIG may, from time to time, vary or
change materially the actual allocation of assets made by an Advisory Account, as it deems appropriate in its sole
discretion, including, without limitation, by way of allocation of assets to new Unaffiliated Advisers, complete or partial
withdrawal of an allocation to any existing Unaffiliated Adviser, a reallocation of assets among existing Unaffiliated
Advisers, or any combination of the foregoing without prior notice to, or the consent of, the Advisory Accounts. The identity
and number of the Unaffiliated Advisers to which an Advisory Account allocates assets may change materially over time.
XIG may allocate assets to one or more Unaffiliated Advisers, directly or indirectly, through, among other means, one or
more discretionary managed accounts or investment funds (including XIG Program Funds) established by XIG, any
Unaffiliated Adviser or their respective affiliates.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, XIG does not typically negotiate the investment objectives, guidelines or investment
restrictions of the third-party managed Underlying Funds in which XIG Program Funds invest, although it may determine to
do so from time to time.
In addition, for certain clients, XIG provides due diligence services with respect to Affiliated Products and also provides
portfolio advisory and monitoring services.
XIG – Private Equity
XIG-advised Advisory Accounts invest in the private equity market by making commitments to third-party managed private
equity Underlying Funds (primary investments), co-investing directly or indirectly in companies alongside Unaffiliated
Advisers (co-investments), acquiring existing private equity investments in the secondary market or providing liquidity
solutions to managers of, or investors in, private equity or related asset classes (secondary investments), and acquiring
minority stakes in alternative investment advisers and their affiliates (“Third-Party Management Companies”). XIG creates
portfolios utilizing these strategies, and these portfolios may receive exposure to strategies such as leveraged buyouts,
growth and venture capital, distressed turnaround, industry-focused and structured investments, natural resources,
distressed, mezzanine, real assets, private credit, ESG and impact, infrastructure, and other related sectors and strategies.
XIG also manages certain Advisory Accounts that (i) invest substantially all of their assets in a single Underlying Fund
managed by an Unaffiliated Adviser or (ii) allocate substantially all of their assets to an Unaffiliated Adviser pursuant to an
investment management agreement with such Unaffiliated Adviser. XIG Private Equity allocates the assets of certain XIG
Program Funds (“Seeding Funds”) primarily to new, “start-up” or similar Unaffiliated Advisers that have limited or no
independent track records, as well as certain other Unaffiliated Advisers that are seeking seed or similar investments,
generally in exchange for material equity, profits or other interests with respect to Unaffiliated Advisers, their Underlying
Funds or their affiliates (“Profits Interests”) and/or other special rights. Certain other XIG Program Funds and XIG-managed
Advisory Accounts engage in these transactions as well.
XIG – Private Credit
XIG-advised Advisory Accounts invest in the private credit market by making commitments to third-party managed private
credit Underlying Funds (primary investments) and co-investing directly or indirectly in private loans or other illiquid credit
instruments alongside Unaffiliated Advisers (co-investments). XIG creates portfolios utilizing these strategies, and these
portfolios may receive exposure to strategies such as direct lending, loan portfolios, specialty credit, distressed strategies,
and other related strategies. XIG also manages certain Advisory Accounts that invest substantially all of their assets in a
single Underlying Fund managed by an Unaffiliated Adviser.
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XIG – Real Estate
XIG creates portfolios on behalf of Advisory Accounts to provide exposure to the real estate private equity market by
making commitments to third-party managed Underlying Funds (primary investments), co-investing directly or indirectly in
commercial real estate assets alongside Unaffiliated Advisers (co-investments), and by acquiring existing real estate private
equity investments on the secondary market or providing liquidity solutions to managers of, or investors in, real estate
asset classes (secondary investments). XIG also manages certain Advisory Accounts that invest substantially all of their
assets in a single Underlying Fund managed by an Unaffiliated Adviser. XIG uses a broad network of relationships, including
institutional investors, professional contacts, industry experts, financial advisors and others, to source investment
opportunities. XIG uses a multi-step diligence and decision-making process when evaluating and selecting real estate
private equity investments as part of its Unaffiliated Adviser activities, although XIG’s role typically is passive after the initial
investment decision is made. Utilizing these strategies, XIG portfolios may receive exposure to office, multifamily, retail,
industrial, hospitality, undeveloped and other types of properties.
XIG – ESG and Impact
XIG creates portfolios utilizing ESG and impact strategies by making commitments to third-party managed Underlying Funds
(primary investments) and co-investing directly or indirectly in companies alongside Unaffiliated Advisers (co-investments).
For such portfolios, XIG oversees ESG and impact-oriented investing across the public equity, credit and fixed-income,
hedge fund, real assets, private credit and private equity sectors. For these portfolios, XIG primarily invests in each of these
areas in the manner described in this Item 8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss—Methods of
Analysis and Investment Strategies, but in connection with ESG investments XIG applies an ESG or impact focus and
objective. XIG also manages certain Advisory Accounts that invest substantially all of their assets in a single Underlying Fund
managed by an Unaffiliated Adviser.
XIG also may incorporate ESG and impact-related factors into its diligence process with respect to Unaffiliated Advisers that
do not have an ESG or impact focus, which are assessed alongside the conventional due diligence factors used in connection
with such Unaffiliated Advisers.
XIG – Public Strategies
XIG selects Unaffiliated Advisers to sub-advise Manager of Manager Accounts in public credit, fixed-income, equity, and real
asset classes, invests directly in third-party managed public credit, fixed-income, equity, and commodities Underlying
Funds, and establishes XIG Program Funds that invest substantially all of their assets in such third-party managed public
credit, fixed-income, equity, and real assets Underlying Funds. Such funds may focus on thematic investments (i.e., specific
investment themes or ideas that are derived from short-term or medium-term market views). The Unaffiliated Advisers are
selected through a multi-step process which includes a due diligence review designed to assess the quality of the
candidates and the likelihood of producing appropriate investment results over the long-term. An investment committee
determines which Unaffiliated Advisers are available for investment by Advisory Accounts.
XIG – Venture Capital Strategies
XIG-advised Advisory Accounts invest in the venture capital market by making commitments to Underlying Funds managed
by Unaffiliated Advisers that are focused on venture capital private equity strategies (primary investments). XIG creates
portfolios utilizing these strategies, and these portfolios may receive exposure to strategies that contemplate making
investments ranging from, but not limited to, seed investments to late-stage venture investments. XIG also manages
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certain Advisory Accounts that invest substantially all of their assets in a single Underlying Fund managed by an Unaffiliated
Adviser, including Underlying Funds focused on venture capital strategies.
XIG – Growth Equity
XIG currently manages certain Advisory Accounts established primarily to acquire interests in privately held companies or
assets with growth potential through privately negotiated transactions, including an Advisory Account established to pursue
co-investment opportunities in the same types of investments. Certain of these Advisory Accounts may also be invested in
public equities. The Advisory Accounts currently managed by the Growth Equity team are all either in wind-down mode or
past their respective investment periods.
XIG – Hedge Funds
GSAMLP, through the Hedge Fund Strategies business (“HFS”), acts as an adviser to XIG Program Funds and other Advisory
Accounts that invest in Underlying Funds or other accounts utilizing hedge fund or related strategies on either a
discretionary or non-discretionary basis. HFS allocates client assets to Unaffiliated Advisers and, in certain circumstances, to
Underlying Funds advised by Affiliated Advisers. Such allocations are typically made through an investment in an Underlying
Fund managed by a particular Adviser but are also made through other structures, including dedicated feeder funds and
aggregating vehicles managed by HFS as well as managed account structures.
The strategies Advisers utilize include, without limitation, strategies within or across (in the case of “multi-strategy”
Advisers) one or more of the equity long/short sector, relative value sector, event-driven sector, and tactical trading sector.
HFS generally employs a dynamic investment process that includes Adviser selection, portfolio design, and ongoing risk
analysis and monitoring, which is facilitated by proprietary computer systems and operational capabilities. Both qualitative
and quantitative criteria are factored into the Adviser selection process.
Advisory Accounts advised by HFS could also make direct investments in securities and other assets including, without
limitation, global equity, fixed income, credit, currency, futures, swaps, mutual funds, ETFs and other derivatives and
commodity instruments. Such direct investments are primarily made in connection with a program to seek to dynamically
manage an Advisory Account’s risk profile (including without limitation, with respect to the Advisory Account’s beta) and
adjust an Advisory Account’s overall exposure to a particular hedge fund sector, strategy, sub-strategy or investment
theme, without adjusting the Advisory Account’s actual allocations to Advisers.
For certain Advisory Accounts, HFS also assists in designing, adopting and adjusting, as necessary or advisable, a program
with exposure to a variety of asset classes, strategies, goals and parameters tailored to the client’s needs, financial
circumstances, risk parameters, investment goals and cash flow needs.
HFS also allocates a portion of certain Advisory Accounts’ assets to co-investment opportunities sourced and/or managed
by GSAMLP, its affiliates, Advisers, and/or other persons with whom GSAMLP or its affiliates have a relationship. Co-
investments may include any of the types of assets or investments that Advisory Accounts may acquire, and Advisers of co-
investment opportunities may utilize any of the strategies or techniques that Advisers may utilize, in each case as described
above. Co-investment opportunities may be structured in various ways, and may be held by an Advisory Account directly or
indirectly through vehicles managed by GSAMLP, Advisers or other third parties.
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Multi-Asset Solutions Group (“MAS”)
The MAS team specializes in delivering customized multi-asset class solutions to clients. Services encompass strategic
advice, asset allocation, risk management, portfolio construction, customized hedging, and tactical and dynamic investment
strategies. The team leverages the extensive GSAM platform and XIG’s external manager selection platform to offer a wide
range of investment solutions across various asset classes, regions, and risk spectrums. Clients include pooled investment
vehicles managed by the MAS team, including vehicles primarily formed for investment by other MAS Advisory Accounts,
and pooled investment vehicles managed by affiliates or other entities (“MAS Program Funds”), as well as defined benefit
clients, defined contribution clients, endowments and foundations. MAS Advisory Accounts can be managed on a
discretionary or non-discretionary basis.
In alignment with client agreements, and as more fully described below, the team provides these services in a number of
ways, including by: selecting or recommending investment managers or products; providing advice in connection with the
selection of investment managers generally; periodically rebalancing portfolios; monitoring compliance with investment
guidelines and policies; dynamically adjusting risk based on market conditions and opportunities; and, for certain
discretionary clients, adding or removing investment managers or products from a client’s portfolio. MAS offers a broad
range of investment options, including but not limited to, pooled investment vehicles (both public and private), separately
managed accounts, public securities, derivative instruments, and exchange-traded funds. These products may be
sponsored, managed, or advised by GSAM or Goldman Sachs (“Affiliated Products”) or by Unaffiliated Advisers (“External
Products”), and may employ a broad range of investment strategies, including but not limited to, passive, long-only (e.g.,
ETFs, mutual funds, bank collective trusts, and private investment funds) and alternative strategies (e.g., hedge funds,
private equity funds, credit funds and real estate funds).
MAS Program Funds currently include pooled investment vehicles managed by the MAS team that invest across asset
classes or focus on specific strategies, as well as vehicles managed by other investment managers, including affiliates, to
which the MAS team provides asset allocation advice and other services. MAS Advisory Accounts may invest in MAS
Program Funds, including those that are Affiliated Products. In certain situations, MAS may agree to provide a different or
lower level of services (such as due diligence, oversight, and monitoring of Unaffiliated Advisers and Underlying Funds) than
typically offered.
When evaluating potential investment products or asset allocation for an Advisory Account, the MAS team considers
various factors based on the client’s risk profile and whether the product is an Affiliated Product or an External Product.
These factors may include quantitative considerations (e.g., return expectations, performance consistency requirements)
and qualitative considerations (e.g., investment products’ investment objective and process, which may be inherently
subjective and may include a wide variety of factors). The team may also consider product-related factors (e.g., terms, track
record, risk and return assumptions), the MAS team’s experience with specific products or managers, client-driven factors
(e.g., investment objectives, guidelines, diversification, asset allocation) and other factors (e.g., capacity constraints,
investor concentration, minimum investment requirements, manager access, product specialization). For ETFs, factors such
as benchmark composition, size, target tracking error, liquidity needs, and transaction costs are considered.
For certain of its clients, MAS leverages analyses provided by XIG in order to assess various investment managers including,
as appropriate, their investment strategies, levels of service and past performance.
For certain of its clients, the MAS team initially reviews and recommends an asset allocation strategy by asset class. MAS
then evaluates and recommends exposure to different types of investment strategies within each asset class, including
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active, enhanced, and passive strategies. These recommendations are based on client objectives and input (e.g., risk,
expected returns, and fees and expenses), and may include alternative investments, such as private equity, real estate and
hedge funds. For defined contribution Advisory Accounts, MAS may consider industry standards, behavioral finance, client-
specific factors, and the current and/or prior investment structure, among other factors, when making investment structure
recommendations or decisions.
The MAS team may reach different conclusions for different products, investment managers, and Advisory Accounts, even if
similarly situated. Factors may vary in importance depending on the product, advisory account, client objectives and risk
premia, which may result in factors changing from time to time. For Advisory Accounts investing in both Affiliated Products
and External Products, different evaluation metrics will be applied, potentially leading to the selection of an Affiliated
Product over an External Product, and the Affiliated Product that was recommended or selected may not perform as well as
the External Product that would have been recommended or selected had the same evaluation metrics been applied to
both Affiliated Products and External Products. With respect to an Advisory Account that generally, or for particular asset
classes or strategies, invests only in either Affiliated Products or External Products, a particular Affiliated Product or External
Product that is recommended or selected may not have been recommended or selected had a certain evaluation metric
been applied that would have been applicable for External Products (in the case of Affiliated Products) or Affiliated
Products (in the case of External Products), which could result in the recommendation or selection of an investment
product that does not perform as well as the investment product that would have been recommended or selected if such
evaluation metric had been applied.
The MAS team also provides model portfolios to Advisers, broker-dealers, technology providers, turnkey asset management
providers or other financial intermediaries that are unaffiliated with Goldman Sachs, in each case, who use such model
portfolios to assist in developing their own investment recommendations and managing their own accounts or the accounts
of their clients, or who may make such model portfolios available to their clients through investment platforms. Model
portfolios may focus on specific asset classes or strategies and may be limited to certain types of investment products, such
as ETFs or mutual funds, and may include only Affiliated Products.
For certain Advisory Accounts, MAS reviews service providers using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative analysis. MAS
typically reviews, among other things, the costs, capabilities, experience level, and the efficiency of such service providers,
with the goal of recommending the hiring, retention or replacement of a service provider. Absent specific arrangements,
MAS does not enter into or negotiate agreements with service providers on behalf of clients.
When specifically agreed to by MAS and a client, MAS provides advisory services related to retirement plans, including their
investment options and manager fees and expenses. These services may include, but are not limited to, analysis of specific
manager fees, comparative analysis of fees and expenses, and analysis of components of fees and expenses. MAS bases
these services on information and research that MAS acquires or performs on various plans, investment options and
managers, including information and research leveraged from XIG.
For certain clients, MAS provides periodic reviews of client investment programs and their investment managers, with a
focus on manager performance, diversification, and overall risk management. MAS tailors its reviews based on each client’s
specific requirements and analyzes sources of over- and underperformance using its internal analytics. MAS obtains
information about investment programs and managers through a variety of sources, including from clients, investment
managers and third parties. The scope of MAS’s ongoing investment program review, including the frequency of reporting
and manager review, is based on the agreement between MAS and each client. MAS may draft periodic performance and
risk reports and/or analyses of the managers and funds used in the investment program.
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For a discussion of conflicts that apply primarily to MAS, please refer to Item 10, Other Financial Industry Activities and
Affiliations—Conflicts That Apply Primarily to MAS.
Stable Value
GSAM’s Stable Value business (“Stable Value”) has established a team approach for managing Advisory Accounts.
Stable value strategies consist of a combination of fixed-income portfolio management and Stable Value Contracts with an
overall objective of seeking capital preservation and current income. The Stable Value team’s approach to managing stable
value Advisory Accounts begins with negotiating investment guidelines with the client, which includes establishing
parameters for the types of investments permitted for the Advisory Account, credit quality and duration considerations and
parameters, and whether internal and/or Unaffiliated Advisers will be used. The team oversees each Advisory Account’s
daily cash flow, makes allocations to various underlying strategies and Stable Value Contracts, and monitors and maintains
duration. These activities are supported by an ongoing review of Advisory Account structure, cash flow history, guidelines
and objectives. The team may provide a full range of services for stable value clients, or services may be focused on a
subset of stable value management such as advising on overall Stable Value Contract structure or allocation of assets
among Advisers.
The team identifies and selects, or assists in the selection of, the financial organizations issuing Stable Value Contracts and
negotiates such contracts on behalf of Advisory Accounts. In addition, the team monitors and reviews the financial and
business condition of each provider of a Stable Value Contract held by Advisory Accounts, relying significantly on analysis
and input from Global Fixed Income and Corporate Credit team. The team’s Stable Value Contract services may include
fundamental credit research to develop GSAM’s approved Stable Value Contract issuer list, contract provider selection and
contract negotiation. In addition, the team performs certain administrative, reporting and compliance services required or
necessary under the terms of Stable Value Contracts.
Advisers generally receive allocations of Advisory Account assets for management as determined by the team in
consultation with the client. Such Advisers are responsible for compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations
pertaining to their investment activities, including applicable guidelines that are established under such Adviser’s
investment management agreement and Stable Value Contracts.
For certain client Stable Value mandates, the team retains Advisers (or invests in their Underlying Funds) for all or part of
the mandate or assists the client with such retention or oversight of the Adviser and/or provides reporting to the client with
respect to the Adviser. For other mandates, the client is responsible for retaining, monitoring and terminating the Adviser
or Underlying Fund. The team’s retention of Advisers may be subject, at a minimum, to client review in advance, or, in
other cases, to client approval. In certain cases, clients retain the authority to hire and terminate Advisers that provide
advisory services for stable value Advisory Accounts. When selecting and reviewing Advisers, the team utilizes the services
of the XIG team, which as it relates to the team’s business focuses primarily on accounts where GSAM acts as “manager of
managers” in the credit and fixed-income asset classes.
Managed Account Services
Through Managed Account Services, GSAM is appointed and directed by Plan Sponsors, WMA Institutions or other third-
party fiduciaries to provide, pursuant to investment management agreements, personalized discretionary and non-
discretionary investment advisory services (also referred to herein as asset allocation strategy) and non-fiduciary retirement
planning guidance tools and services (“Managed Account Services Guidance”) for Enrolled Participant Accounts. Such
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services and tools may consider data that is provided by Plan Sponsors, WMA Institutions or Enrolled Participants regarding
the Enrolled Participant's preferences, objectives, financial status, goals, capacity and constraints. Managed Account
Services are offered through two separate channels: (i) Workplace Managed Account Services and (ii) Retail Managed
Account Services.
Workplace Managed Account Services
Subject to certain parameters set by the WMA Institution, Plan Sponsor or other third-party fiduciary (including available
investment funds on the plan’s investment menu), GSAM designs an asset allocation strategy for Enrolled Participants
based on certain assumptions and information about the Enrolled Participants initially provided by the recordkeeping
system (including age, salary, contribution amounts, and account balance, when available). GSAM can further tailor and
adjust the asset allocation strategy if an Enrolled Participant provides certain additional information.
Pursuant to a direction by the Plan Sponsor or WMA Institution, GSAM creates an asset allocation using only the investment
funds selected by the Plan Sponsor, WMA Institution or other third-party fiduciary to be on a plan’s investment menu and
subject to certain exceptions more fully described in the Participant Guide and Methodology document made available to
Workplace Managed Account Services Enrolled Participants. For Workplace Managed Account Services, GSAM is generally
not responsible for selecting investment funds that are included on a plan’s investment menu or otherwise reviewing the
plan’s investment menu. Further, in allocating assets among investment funds included in a plan’s investment menu, GSAM
generally does not consider whether any of the investment funds are on the list of GSAM Approved Managers (see Item 10,
Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations—Conflicts Relating to Affiliated Products and External Products) or
otherwise viewed favorably by GSAM in relation to other investment funds. This could result in an Enrolled Participant’s
asset allocation including investment funds that GSAM does not select or recommend for its clients, have higher expense
ratios, and have less favorable performance.
In addition to the services described above, GSAM can, and in some instances will, use a WMA Institution’s or other third
party’s investment methodology inputs, such as capital market assumptions and target asset allocations over time, to
create a personalized asset allocation strategy and/or Managed Account Services Guidance.
Workplace Managed Account Services is also referred to as “Goldman Sachs Managed Advice,” “NextCapital Managed
Advice” or “Retirement Planning and Advice.” For additional information regarding Managed Account Services, see Item 8,
Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss—Material Risks for Significant Investment Strategies and
Particular Types of Securities—Risks That Apply Primarily to Managed Account Services and Item 10, Other Financial
Industry Activities and Affiliations—Conflicts Relating to Managed Account Services.
Retail Managed Account Services
Enrolled Participants that select Retail Managed Account Services receive an asset allocation strategy and Managed
Account Services Guidance based on certain assumptions and information provided by the Enrolled Participant or available
from the WMA Institution, if it previously provided services outside of the Retail Managed Account Services to the Enrolled
Participant.
Other Investment Teams
In addition to the investment teams described above, GSAM may add additional investment teams and its current
investment teams may offer additional strategies at any time.
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MATERIAL RISKS FOR SIGNIFICANT INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND PARTICULAR TYPES OF SECURITIES
Clients should understand that all investment strategies and the investments made pursuant to such strategies involve risk
of loss, including the potential loss of the entire investment, which clients should be prepared to bear. The investment
performance and the success of any investment strategy or particular investment can never be predicted or guaranteed,
and the value of a client’s investments will fluctuate due to market conditions and other factors. The investment decisions
and recommendations made and the actions taken for Advisory Accounts will be subject to various market, liquidity,
currency, economic, political and other risks, and investments could lose value. The types of risks to which an Advisory
Account is subject, and the degree to which any particular risks impact an Advisory Account, may change over time
depending on various factors, including the investment strategies, investment techniques and asset classes utilized by the
Advisory Account, the timing of the Advisory Account’s investments, prevailing market and economic conditions,
reputational considerations, and the occurrence of adverse social, political, regulatory or other developments.
Following is a summary of the material risks for each of GSAM’s significant investment strategies, security types and the
investment techniques employed by the GSAM investment teams in their significant investment strategies and certain
other risks applicable to Advisory Accounts. GSAM offers advisory services across a broad range of strategies and
investment types and does not primarily recommend any particular type of security to its clients.
To the extent clients receive prospectuses, constituent documents, supplemental risk disclosures or other applicable
documents pertaining to their Advisory Accounts, clients should carefully read the product-specific risk disclosures
contained therein. See also Item 10, Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliates and Item 11, Code of Ethics,
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading for additional information about risks associated with
certain conflicts faced by Goldman Sachs and GSAM.
The information contained in this Brochure cannot disclose every potential risk associated with an investment strategy, or
all of the risks applicable to a particular Advisory Account. Rather, it is a general description of the nature and risks of the
strategies and securities and other instruments that clients may include in their investment guidelines for their Advisory
Account. Clients should not include these strategies and financial instruments in their guidelines for their Advisory Account
unless they understand the risks of the strategies and financial instruments that they permit GSAM to utilize for their
Advisory Account. Clients should also be satisfied that such strategies and financial instruments are suitable for their
Advisory Account in light of the clients’ circumstances, investment objectives and financial situation. In addition, clients of
GSAM’s pooled investment vehicles should carefully review the prospectuses or other offering documents and constituent
documents for additional information about risks associated with those products.
GENERAL RISKS
Adverse Effect of Global Economic Conditions—Advisory Accounts, Underlying Funds, and their portfolio companies
could be adversely affected by unanticipated changes in the financial markets and economic conditions throughout the
world, some of which could magnify the risks described in this Item 8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and
Risk of Loss and have other adverse effects. The scope of any potential impacts to Advisory Accounts, Underlying
Funds, and their portfolio companies, both from market conditions and also potential legislative or regulatory
responses, are uncertain. Continued market volatility and uncertainty and/or a downturn in market and economic and
financial conditions could have an adverse impact on Advisory Accounts, Underlying Funds, and their portfolio
companies.
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Advisory Account Consent Requirements—Advisory Account consent could be required to invest in certain transactions
in which Goldman Sachs receives compensation or is a principal, and GSAM could determine not to seek such consent
due to timing or other considerations, in which case the Advisory Account will not have the opportunity to make the
investment.
Allocation of Advisory Account Assets to Underlying Funds and Advisers—The risks associated with certain types of
securities and investment strategies described herein apply with respect to investments in Underlying Funds and with
Advisers. Additional information about risks associated with the activities of Underlying Funds and Advisers is available
herein, as well as in the prospectuses, offering memoranda and constituent documents of the Underlying Funds.
An Advisory Account’s Investment Flexibility May Be Constrained by Confidentiality Concerns—An Advisory Account
may decline investment opportunities for which it is required to enter into a confidentiality agreement, which may limit
the flexibility to broaden its investment portfolio.
Risks Relating to the Use of Artificial Intelligence—Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) and certain of its third-party
vendors, clients and/or counterparties have developed or otherwise incorporated artificial intelligence (“AI”)
technology in certain business processes, services or products. AI models are developing rapidly, are highly complex
and may produce output or take action that is incorrect (i.e., hallucinate), that result in the release of private,
confidential or proprietary information, that reflect biases included in the data on which they are trained, infringe on
the intellectual property rights of others, or that is otherwise harmful. The U.S. and global legal and regulatory
environment relating to AI is uncertain and rapidly evolving, and could require changes in Goldman Sachs’
implementation of AI technology and increase compliance costs and the risk of non-compliance. Further, Goldman
Sachs (including GSAM) may rely on AI models developed by third parties, and Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) may
have limited visibility over the accuracy and completeness of such models. Any of these risks could adversely affect
Goldman Sachs, GSAM or Advisory Accounts. Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) is also exposed to risks arising from the
use of AI technologies by bad actors to commit fraud and misappropriate funds and to facilitate cyberattacks. Such
actions and other risks associated with AI could cause, amongst other things, reputational harm to Goldman Sachs,
GSAM or Advisory Accounts. The investment management business is highly competitive and to the extent that some
or all of GSAM’s competitors (or new market entrants) institute low cost, high speed financial applications and services
based on AI, Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) and Advisory Accounts could be at a competitive disadvantage.
Asset Allocation and Rebalancing Risk—An Advisory Account’s assets could become out of balance with the target
allocation. Any rebalancing of such assets may be infrequent and limited by several factors. Even if a rebalancing is
achieved, it may have an adverse effect on the performance of the Advisory Account’s assets, including, for example, if
the rebalancing results in such assets being allocated away from an over-performing investment product and allocated
to an under-performing investment product.
Bankruptcy—A company in which an Advisory Account invests may become involved in a bankruptcy or other
reorganization or liquidation proceeding.
Board Participation and/or Creditors Committees—Advisory Accounts may be restricted in their investment activities if
GSAM or GSAM Personnel have representation on board of directors and/or creditors committees, and GSAM’s
fiduciary duties to the portfolio company as a result of the foregoing may conflict with the interests of Advisory
Accounts.
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Capital Markets Risk—An Advisory Account might not receive distributions from an investment or could experience a
significant loss in the value of its investment if the relevant issuer cannot obtain funding in the capital markets.
Cash Management Risks—If GSAM invests some of an Advisory Account’s assets temporarily in money market funds or
other similar types of investments, those assets will temporarily not be invested in assets that further the Advisory
Account’s investment objective. Advisory Accounts can also select, or can appoint GSAM to select, sweep options into
which cash and free credit balances are moved pending investment. Advisory Accounts that utilize such sweep options
may nevertheless have residual cash that does not earn interest. With respect to Advisory Accounts that select their
own sweep option, GSAM is not responsible for any cash held in such a sweep option, or any residual cash that is not
invested by the Advisory Account or its custodian.
Changes to Investment Program; Additional Investment Strategies—GSAM may utilize additional investment strategies
and sub-strategies and/or remove, substitute or modify its investment strategies and sub-strategies or any of the types
of investments it is then utilizing, which may have an adverse effect on the Advisory Account.
Climate Change—Climate change, its physical impacts, and related regulations could result in significantly increased
operating and capital costs that could materially harm certain portfolio companies of Advisory Accounts.
Concentration and Geographic Risk—A portfolio that concentrates its investments in a relatively small number of
issuers, asset classes, geographic locations or economic sectors may be more adversely affected by adverse economic,
business, political or other developments than a less concentrated portfolio.
Conflicts of Interest—Goldman Sachs’ activities, relationships and dealings may affect a particular Advisory Account in
ways that disadvantage or restrict the Advisory Account and/or benefit Goldman Sachs or other Accounts.
Conversion of Equity Investments—Equity securities acquired through the conversion of convertible debt instruments
or as a result of a restructuring event may be subject to restrictions on transfer or disposition.
Corporate Event Risks—It is possible that investments in companies that are the subject of publicly disclosed mergers,
takeover bids, exchange offers, tender offers, spin-offs, liquidations, corporate restructuring, and other similar
transactions are not profitable due to the risk of transaction failure.
Counterparty Risk—Advisory Accounts may be exposed to the credit risk of counterparties with which, or the brokers,
dealers, clearing members, custodians, service providers, and exchanges through which, they engage in transactions.
Currency Risks—An Advisory Account that holds investments denominated in currencies other than the currency in
which the Advisory Account is denominated may be adversely affected by the volatility of currency exchange rates and
changes to exchange control regulations.
Cybersecurity—Personal, confidential or proprietary information being sent to or received from a client, law firm,
vendor, service provider, counterparty or other third-party has in the past been, and may in the future be, intercepted,
misused, copied, misappropriated or mishandled, including through a cyber-attack on such persons or other
information security event (including unauthorized access by a party with malicious intent). Such cyber-attacks or
other events can adversely impact GSAM, Advisory Accounts and clients by, among other things, causing significant
disruptions in the business operations of GSAM and the operation of Advisory Accounts, leading to theft (including
identity theft) and data corruption, and leading to potential violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory
fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs and/or additional compliance costs.
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Data Sources Risks—Information from third party data sources to which GSAM subscribes may be incorrect. While
Goldman Sachs obtains data and information from third-party sources that it considers to be reliable, Goldman Sachs
does not warrant or guarantee the accuracy and/or completeness of any data or information provided by these
sources. Failure of a data source, such as an index provider, to provide the data on which GSAM relies may have a
negative impact on the performance of an Advisory Account. Further, recent technological innovations have disrupted
numerous established industries. As technological innovation continues to advance rapidly, it could adversely impact
one or more investment strategies employed for Advisory Accounts. Furthermore, investment decisions made based
on views about the direction or degree of innovation can prove inaccurate and lead to losses for Advisory Accounts.
Delegation of Receipt of Communications Risk—To the extent that clients confer GSAM with authority to exercise
investment discretion over their accounts and receive prospectuses and other shareholder communications on their
behalf, there is a risk of client complaints or dissatisfaction with certain investments where clients no longer receive
such prospectuses or issuer-related materials directly, even where such materials can be accessed via the issuer’s
website or by request from GSAM. Prospectuses and issuer-related materials contain important information and
detailed descriptions of additional fees and expenses, investment minimums, risk factors and conflicts of interest
disclosures, as well as clients’ rights, responsibilities and liabilities with respect to such investments.
Dependence on Key Personnel—Advisory Accounts rely on certain key personnel of GSAM who may leave GSAM or
become unable to fulfill certain duties.
Dilution from Subsequent Closings—Investors subscribing for interests at subsequent closings of Advisory Accounts
that are pooled investment vehicles generally will participate in existing investments, diluting the interest of existing
investors therein.
Electronic Trading—GSAM trades on electronic trading and order routing systems, which may experience component
failure and issues with system access, varying response times and security.
Emerging Markets and Growth Markets Risks—Investing in emerging and growth markets entails social, economic,
technological, political and regulatory risks not usually associated with investing in developed markets. For example,
The People’s Republic of China has adopted regulations in the financial technology sector, and other non-U.S.
jurisdictions may adopt similar regulations in the same or different sectors, which could impact the ability of Advisory
Accounts or Underlying Funds to make investments in those jurisdictions. Additionally, certain jurisdictions may allow
for clawback arrangements with counterparties as a result of changes in law. Any such arrangements could result in an
Advisory Account being required to return distributions it previously received in certain circumstances. Emerging and
growth markets in certain countries could also face other significant internal or external risks, including but not limited
to a heightened risk of war and other conflicts.
Environmental, Social Impact and Governance Considerations—GSAM may in its discretion take into account ESG
considerations and political, media, and reputational considerations relating thereto, and, for example, as a result,
GSAM might not make or recommend the making of investments when it would otherwise have done so, which could
adversely affect the performance of Advisory Accounts. On the other hand, GSAM may determine not to take such
considerations into account, and such considerations may prove to have an adverse effect on the performance of the
applicable investments. GSAM may take ESG and related considerations into account for some Advisory Accounts and
not others, and, to the extent taking such considerations into account, may make different investment decisions or
recommendations for different Advisory Accounts. GSAM may rely on third-party service providers in determining,
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from an ESG perspective, what investments to exclude from its selection or recommendation based on such service
providers’ categorization of the types of companies, industries, or sectors, as the case may be, that should potentially
be excluded from investment. There can be no assurance that the list of categories as determined by GSAM and/or
third-party service providers is complete or that the securities restricted as a result of such categorization represents all
of the securities that might otherwise be restricted in connection therewith, and such categories or the securities
restricted thereunder may change from time to time.
Environmental Risks and Natural Disasters—Certain Advisory Account investments, including but not limited to
investments in or relating to real estate assets, could become subject to liability under environmental protection
statutes, rules and regulations, and may also be subject to risks associated with natural disasters.
Expedited Transactions—In the event GSAM undertakes investment analyses and decisions on an expedited basis to
take advantage of investment opportunities, there is a risk that not all circumstances and risks of the investment are
known.
Failure to Make Capital Contributions—If an investor in an Advisory Account that is a pooled investment vehicle fails to
contribute funds to such Advisory Account as required, or is excused from participating in an investment made by such
Advisory Account, the other investors in such Advisory Account may be required to contribute additional capital to
make up for such shortfall.
Force Majeure—Advisory Account investments may be vulnerable to a force majeure event, including acts of nature,
war and strike, which could result in the destruction, impairment or loss of profitability for the investments.
Frequent Trading and Portfolio Turnover Rate Risks—High turnover and frequent trading in an Advisory Account could
result in, among other things, higher transactions costs and adverse tax consequences.
Geopolitical Risk—Geopolitical and other events (e.g., terrorist attacks, armed conflicts, political and military events,
the varying involvement of the United States and other countries in such conflicts, political and civil unrest related to
the foregoing and other events) have had, and could continue to have, adverse effects on regional and global economic
markets, including short-term market volatility and adverse long term effects that cannot be predicted. These and any
other adverse effects, and adverse effects occurring as a result of similar events in the future, could negatively impact
the value of Advisory Account investments.
Government Investment Restrictions—U.S. and non-U.S. government regulations and restrictions may limit the amount
and type of securities that may be purchased or sold by GSAM on behalf of Advisory Accounts, and economic sanction
laws in the United States and other jurisdictions or other governmental action could significantly reduce the value of
Advisory Account investments in, or restrict or completely prohibit GSAM and Advisory Accounts from investing,
continuing to hold or disposing an investment in, or transacting with or in, certain countries, individuals, and
companies. Some jurisdictions also require governmental approval for repatriation of investment income, capital or
proceeds of sales by foreign investors. Advisory Accounts could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant,
governmental approval for foreign investments or repatriation of investment income, and taxes. Additionally, certain
investors may be precluded from directly holding assets in these jurisdictions, which could materially impact flexibility
in structuring transactions or increase costs associated with certain investment opportunities.
Improper Market Actors—There can be no assurance that any form of regulation or any market constraints would
prevent certain other market actors from engaging in fraud, market manipulation, market abuse, or improper influence
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in the future, which may have a material adverse effect on Advisory Accounts and their Investments. There can be no
assurance that any redress would be available to, or would be practical for, Advisory Accounts to pursue with respect
to any such fraud, market manipulation, market abuse, or improper influence.
Index/Tracking Error Risks—The performance of an Advisory Account that tracks an index may not match, and may vary
substantially from, the index for any period of time and may be negatively impacted by any errors in the index,
including in situations where an Advisory Account is unable to invest in certain securities included in the index as a
result of legal and compliance restrictions, regulatory limits or other restrictions applicable to the Advisory Account
and/or Goldman Sachs, reputational considerations or other reasons. Where an index consists of relatively few
securities or issuers, it should be expected that tracking error will be heightened when an Advisory Account is subject
to such limitations or restrictions.
Indirect Investment in Non-U.S. Securities—Investments in participation notes and depository receipts used to
establish an indirect position in a foreign market are subject to the same risks as the securities underlying such
instruments and may be subject to certain fees or expenses.
Inflation Risks—The U.S. and other economies have experienced higher-than-normal inflation rates, and it remains
uncertain whether substantial inflation in the U.S. and other economies will be sustained over an extended period of
time or have a significant adverse effect on the U.S. and other economies. Inflation rates can fluctuate rapidly as a
result of various factors, including unexpected shifts in the domestic or global economy and economic policy changes.
An Advisory Account’s investments might not keep pace with inflation, which can result in losses to investors and
negative effects on economies and financial markets. Inflation has increased the cost of fuel, energy, labor, and raw
materials, caused supply chain shortages, and may adversely affect consumer spending, economic growth and the
operations of Advisory Account portfolio companies. Past governmental efforts to curb inflation have also involved
drastic economic measures that have had a material adverse effect on the level of economic activity in the countries
where such measures were employed, and similar governmental efforts could be taken in the future to curb inflation
and could have similar effects.
Interest Rate Risks—Interest rates can fluctuate significantly, causing price volatility with respect to securities or
instruments held by an Advisory Account. Generally, rising interest rates negatively impact the price of fixed-rate debt,
and falling interest rates positively impact price, and adjustable-rate debt experiences similar changes to a lesser
degree. Central bank monetary policy, inflation rates, and general economic conditions influence interest rates, which
is likely to impact the value of certain securities held by Advisory Accounts either positively or negatively. When
interest rates are rising, debt can be more difficult to repay and the risk of default rises. In periods of falling interest
rates, debt is more likely to be repaid as borrowers refinance to lower rates. Falling interest rates can also lead to lower
returns at the same level of risk in Advisory Accounts. Long-term fixed income securities will normally have more price
volatility because of interest rate risk than short-term fixed income securities. Risks associated with changing interest
rates can have unpredictable effects on the markets and Advisory Accounts.
Investment Style Risks—Advisory Accounts may outperform or underperform other accounts that invest in similar asset
classes but employ different investment styles, and the particular investment style applied to managing an Advisory
Account can impact performance.
Investments in Undervalued Assets—The identification of investment opportunities in undervalued assets is a difficult
task, and there is no assurance that such opportunities will be successfully recognized or acquired. While investments
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in undervalued assets offer the opportunity for above‐average capital appreciation, these investments involve a high
degree of financial risk and can result in substantial losses.
Legal, Tax and Regulatory Risks—New and existing legal, tax and regulatory regimes may adversely impact the ability of
GSAM to conduct activities and transactions in respect of Advisory Accounts, may require material adjustments to the
business and operations of Advisory Accounts, or may result in increased costs and operational burdens associated
with the trading and investment activity of Advisory Accounts and increased compliance costs (including the cost of
additional resources dedicated to compliance), which could be harmful to Advisory Accounts and their investors.
Lending of Portfolio Securities—Advisory Accounts may engage in securities lending and may invest the cash collateral
securing the securities loans in short term investments. To the extent that cash collateral is so invested, such collateral
will be subject to market depreciation or appreciation, and the Advisory Account will be responsible for any resulting
losses.
Leverage Risks—The use of leverage by an Advisory Account creates exposure to potential gains and losses in excess of
the initial amount invested, and relatively small market movements may result in large changes in portfolio value.
Limited Assets—An Advisory Account with limited assets may be unable to trade in certain instruments and/or diversify
its portfolio across investment strategies or instruments.
Limited Information Risks—As a result of information barriers constructed between different divisions and areas of
Goldman Sachs and between GSAM Private and other businesses within GSAM (“GSAM Public”), or in connection with
other policies and procedures of Goldman Sachs or GSAM, generally GSAM Public will not have access, or will have
limited access, to information and personnel in GSAM Private and other areas of Goldman Sachs, and vice versa.
Therefore, GSAM Public will generally not be able to review potential investments for Advisory Accounts with the
benefit of information held by GSAM Private and by other areas of Goldman Sachs, and GSAM Private will generally not
be able to review potential investments for Advisory Accounts with the benefit of information held by GSAM Public.
Liquidity Risks—Advisory Accounts, or Advisers to which an Advisory Account’s assets are allocated, may make illiquid
or non-publicly traded investments, and may have difficulty acquiring or disposing of such investments at a price and
time that they deem advantageous.
Litigation Risk—Advisory Accounts may be subject to third-party litigation, which could give rise to legal liability and
could have an adverse effect on the Advisory Accounts. If an Advisory Account were to be found liable in any suit or
proceeding, any associated damages and/or penalties could have an adverse effect on the value of the Advisory
Account.
Losses in Affiliated Underlying Funds Borne Solely by Investors—All losses of an Advisory Account, including losses
relating to investments in Underlying Funds managed by GSAM, shall be borne solely by the investors in such Advisory
Account and not by Goldman Sachs.
Management of Discretionary and Non-Discretionary Accounts—Non-discretionary advisory clients may not be able to
implement GSAM’s recommendations with respect to the allocation or reallocation of assets as quickly as GSAM
implements such recommendations on behalf of discretionary advisory clients, which could cause significant
differences in the performance between non-discretionary and discretionary advisory clients with the same or similar
investment objectives.
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Management Risks—A strategy used by GSAM could fail to produce the intended results for an Advisory Account, and
there is a risk that the entire amount invested may be lost.
Market Abuse Risk—Certain markets have a history of alleged or actual price manipulation, market abuse and improper
influence. Any fraud, price manipulation, market abuse, or improper influence in markets in which Advisory Accounts
invest, directly or indirectly, may have an adverse effect on such Advisory Accounts.
Market and Macro Risks—The value of an Advisory Account’s investments could decrease in response to events
affecting individual companies, particular industry sectors or governments, changes in interest rates, regional or global
pandemics, national and international political events and/or general economic conditions. Economic slowdowns or
recessions may cause interest rates to rise or may disproportionately impact the industries in which an Advisory
Account invests, causing the Advisory Account to be more vulnerable to losses in its portfolio, which may have an
adverse effect on such Advisory Account. In addition, governments from time to time intervene, directly and by
regulation, in certain markets. Such intervention often is intended directly to influence prices and may, together with
other factors, cause all of such markets to move rapidly in the same direction. Any market disruptions described above
may also result in further changes to regulatory requirements or other government intervention. Such regulations may
be implemented on an “emergency” basis, which may suddenly prevent GSAM and Advisers from implementing certain
investment strategies or from managing the risk of their outstanding positions.
Market Disruption Risks and Terrorism Risks—A number of events could have adverse effects on the global economy
and may exacerbate some of the general risk factors related to investing in certain strategies.
Master-Feeder Structure—Actions of an investor in the master entity of a “master-feeder” structure may adversely
impact other investors in the “master-feeder” structure.
Mid Cap and Small Cap Risks—Investments in mid- and small- capitalization companies are generally subject to more
price volatility than larger, more established companies and may lack sufficient market liquidity.
Model Risks—The design or operation of proprietary quantitative or investment models used for Advisory Account may
be deficient. Investments selected using these models may perform differently than expected as a result of the factors
used in the models, the weight placed on each factor, changes from the factors’ historical trends, and technical and
other issues in the construction, implementation and maintenance of the models (including, for example, data
problems, unauthorized changes and/or software issues). Models can also use artificial intelligence techniques, such as
natural language processing and machine learning, which could be less transparent or interpretable and could produce
unexpected results, which can result in losses. Moreover, the effectiveness of a model may diminish over time,
including as a result of changes in the market and/or changes in the behavior of other market participants. Operation
of a model may result in negative performance, including returns that deviate materially from historical performance,
both actual and pro-forma. Additionally, commonality of holdings across quantitative investment managers may
amplify losses. There is no guarantee that the use of these models will result in effective investment decisions.
No Assurance of Achievement of Investment or Performance Objectives—There is no assurance that Advisory Accounts
will achieve their investment or performance objectives.
Non-Hedging Currency Risks—Volatility in currency exchange rates may produce significant losses to an Advisory
Account which has purchased or sold currencies through the use of forward contracts or other instruments.
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Non-U.S. Custody Risk—Advisory Accounts that invest in foreign securities could hold non-U.S. securities and cash with
non-U.S. custodians. Such non-U.S. custodians may be newly formed, or subject to little or no regulatory oversight over
or independent evaluation of their operations, and the laws of certain countries could place limitations on an Advisory
Account’s ability to recover its assets if a non-U.S. custodian enters bankruptcy. These risks are generally more
pronounced in connection with an Advisory Account’s investments in securities of issuers located in emerging market
countries.
Non-U.S. Securities Risks—Non-U.S. securities, particularly securities of issuers located in emerging market countries
may be subject to heightened risk of loss because of more or less government regulation, less public information, less
liquidity, risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets, greater volatility and less economic, political and social
stability in the countries of domicile of the issuers of the securities and/or the jurisdictions in which these securities are
traded.
Registered Funds Risk—Certain Advisory Accounts invest in open-end mutual funds, and to a lesser extent, registered
closed-end funds, as well as ETFs. Open-end mutual funds and registered closed-end funds have different risk
characteristics. Shares of an open-end fund are purchased directly from the fund whereas closed-end fund shares are
purchased and sold in the market, typically on a recognized stock exchange. Therefore, shares of a closed-end fund,
when available, can be traded during the day at any time and shares in an open-end fund can be purchased from or
sold back to the fund only at the end of the trading day. In addition, the price per share of a closed-end mutual fund is
determined by the market whereas the price per share of an open-end fund will vary in direct proportion to the fund
net asset value. Both open-end mutual funds and closed-end funds may own unlisted securities and use leverage to
enhance returns. Furthermore, both open-end and closed-end fund underlying fund holdings are reported with a lag. It
should be expected that when underlying mutual fund holdings change rapidly fund performance will differ from
expectations. Different mutual funds with similar investment policies, and different share classes within those funds
will have different expense levels.
Operational Risk—An Advisory Account may suffer losses arising from shortcomings or failures in internal processes,
people or systems, or from external events. Certain Advisory Accounts trade instruments, where operational risk is
heightened due to such instruments’ complexity.
Partial or Total Loss of Capital—Certain investments made by GSAM for Advisory Accounts are intended for investors
who can accept the risks associated with investing in illiquid securities and the possibility of partial or total loss of
capital.
Performance-Based Compensation—The receipt of performance-based compensation by GSAM and managers of
Underlying Funds in which an Advisory Account invests creates an incentive to make investments that are riskier or
more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such arrangements.
Private Investment Risks—Private investments are highly competitive, less transparent, and illiquid.
Public Health Risk—Advisory Accounts could be materially adversely affected by the widespread outbreak of infectious
disease or other public health crises. Public health crises, together with any containment or other remedial measures
undertaken or imposed, could have a material and adverse effect on Advisory Accounts and their investments.
Recession Risk—An Advisory Account’s portfolio companies may be susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions
and may be unable to repay their debt obligations during these periods. Therefore, during these periods, an Advisory
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Account’s non-performing assets may increase, and the value of its portfolio may decrease. Adverse economic
conditions also may decrease the value of collateral securing some of an Advisory Account’s debt investments and the
value of its equity investments. These events could prevent an Advisory Account from making new investments and
harm its operating results. An economic downturn could disproportionately impact the industries in which an Advisory
Account invests, causing it to be more vulnerable to losses in its portfolio, which could negatively impact financial
results.
Reliance on Technology—GSAM may employ investment strategies that are dependent upon various computer and
telecommunications technologies, which could fail.
Reliance on Third Parties—GSAM and Advisory Accounts require, and rely upon, the services of a variety of third
parties, including but not limited to attorneys, accountants, administrators, brokers, custodians, consultants and other
agents and vendors. Failure by any of these third parties to timely and accurately perform their obligations to GSAM or
an Advisory Account could have an adverse effect upon GSAM or the Advisory Account.
Reputational Risks—The dissemination of negative or inaccurate information about issuers in which Advisory Accounts
invest via media, including social media, could harm their business, reputation, financial condition, and results of
operations, which could adversely affect Advisory Accounts and, due to reputational considerations, influence GSAM’s
decision as to whether to remain invested in such issuers.
Restricted Investments Risks—Restricted securities are subject to various requirements and fees that may make them
more difficult to dispose of promptly or at an advantageous price.
Restrictions on Investments—Advisory Accounts may be unable or limited in their ability to invest in certain types of
investments due to undertakings of Goldman Sachs with respect to the same investments.
Risk Management Risks—There can be no assurance that GSAM’s use of various strategies to manage the volatility and
other risks of an Advisory Account’s portfolio will achieve its objective.
Risks Involved in the Development of Models—Human and technological errors may occur in designing, writing, testing,
and/or monitoring models and may be difficult to detect.
Risks of New Investment Strategies—GSAM may determine to implement newer and more speculative investment
strategies or investment techniques which may result in unsuccessful investments.
Risks of Technological Developments—The widespread adoption of new internet, networking or telecommunications
technologies or other technological changes could require issuers in which Advisory Accounts invest to incur substantial
expenditures to modify or adapt their services or infrastructure to such new technologies, which could adversely affect
their results of operations or financial condition. In addition, new services or technologies offered by competitors or
new entrants may make such issuers less differentiated or less competitive when compared to other alternatives.
Risks Related to SOFR – SOFR is intended to be a broad measure of the cost of borrowing funds overnight in
transactions that are collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities. SOFR is calculated based on transaction-level repo data
collected from various sources. For each trading day, SOFR is calculated as a volume-weighted median rate derived
from such data. SOFR is calculated and published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“FRBNY”). If data from a
given source required by the FRBNY to calculate SOFR is unavailable for any day, then the most recently available data
for that segment will be used, with certain adjustments. If errors are discovered in the transaction data or the
calculations underlying SOFR after its initial publication on a given day, SOFR may be republished at a later time that
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day. Rate revisions will be effected only on the day of initial publication and will be republished only if the change in
the rate exceeds one basis point. Because SOFR is a financing rate based on overnight secured funding transactions, it
differs fundamentally from LIBOR. LIBOR was intended to be an unsecured rate that represents interbank funding costs
for different short-term maturities or tenors. It was a forward-looking rate reflecting expectations regarding interest
rates for the applicable tenor and was intended to be sensitive, in certain respects, to bank credit risk and to term
interest rate risk. In contrast, SOFR is a secured overnight rate reflecting the credit of U.S. Treasury securities as
collateral. Therefore, SOFR is largely insensitive to credit-risk considerations and to short-term interest rate risks. SOFR
is a transaction-based rate, and it has been more volatile than other benchmark or market rates, such as historical
three-month LIBOR, during certain periods. For these reasons, among others, there is no assurance that SOFR, or rates
derived from SOFR, will perform in the same or similar way as LIBOR would have performed at any time, and there is no
assurance that SOFR-based rates are a suitable substitute for LIBOR. SOFR has a limited history, having been first
published in April 2018. The future performance of SOFR, and SOFR-based reference rates, cannot be predicted based
on SOFR’s history or otherwise. Levels of SOFR in the future may bear little or no relation to historical levels of SOFR,
LIBOR or other rates.
Risks Related to the Discontinuance of Interbank Offered Rates, in particular LIBOR—Advisory Accounts that undertake
transactions in instruments that were valued using London Inter-bank Offered Rates (“LIBOR”) or are valued using
other interbank offered rates (“IBORs”) or have contracts which previously determined payment obligations by
reference to LIBOR or still determine payment obligations by reference to other IBOR rates may be adversely affected
as a result of recent changes related to LIBOR. All LIBOR settings permanently ceased to be published as of June 30,
2023 and a synthetic version of one-month, three-month and six-month USD LIBOR settings permanently ceased to be
published as of September 30, 2024. As a result of such changes, instruments that were valued using LIBOR or are
valued using other IBORs, or contracts which determine or previously determined payment obligations by reference to
such rates, are subject to risks including but not limited to the risk of illiquidity, changes in performance benchmarks,
rate increases, operational complexities and valuation measurements that may adversely affect performance.
Risks Related to Limitations on Redemptions in Certain Advisory Accounts—Certain Advisory Accounts that make
illiquid investments permit investors to redeem their investments on a periodic basis, subject to certain limits or caps.
These Advisory Accounts include, but are not limited to, BDCs and non-traded REITS. To the extent that aggregate
redemptions in a period exceed the limits or caps, redemptions may be restricted to a fixed amount or percentage
(sometimes called a “gate”), with redemptions above the fixed amount or percentage prohibited or subject to
additional requirements. While any such limits or caps can prevent substantial redemptions that would otherwise
require an Advisory Account to sell a substantial amount of its assets at an unfavorable time or on unfavorable terms,
the Advisory Account could nevertheless be adversely affected, including from a reputational standpoint, by the
application of a limit or cap. In cases where GSAM has discretion as to whether and when to enforce such limits or
caps, GSAM’s interests in respect of fund compensation and performance-related matters will conflict with redeeming
investors’ interests in obtaining liquidity. Conversely, GSAM could have an incentive not to enforce such limits or caps if
it believes that doing so could harm fundraising efforts for Advisory Accounts or otherwise result in reputational risk for
Advisory Accounts or Goldman Sachs (including GSAM), which could have an adverse effect on Advisory Accounts and
their remaining investors. Economic events affecting the U.S. economy such as volatility in the financial markets,
inflation, fluctuations in interest rates or global or national events could cause an increase in investor requests for
redemptions or share repurchases, potentially in excess of established limits. These risks are further exacerbated in
the case of an Advisory Account holding illiquid assets, including private credit investments, because such illiquid
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investments generally have limited markets and no readily ascertainable market value, and there are different ways to
determine fair value with respect to these investments. See Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client
Transactions and Personal Trading― Participation or Interest in Client Transactions―Valuation.
Risks Related to the Operation of Markets—Advisory Accounts may incur losses in the event of the early closure of,
complete closure of, suspension of trading in, or similar interruptions affecting one or more domestic or international
markets, trading venues, or clearing houses on or through which GSAM trades for such Advisory Accounts.
Risks Related to Side Pockets—Certain Advisory Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles have the ability, under
certain circumstances, to segregate one or more assets through the use of side pockets, which entails a number of
risks, including significant liquidity and valuation risks and the risk that the use of side pockets may affect the amount
and timing of any management fees and incentive compensation charged by the Advisory Account.
Risks Related to Third-Party Distribution—The distribution of Affiliated Products by third-party distributors could
expose GSAM to allegations of improper conduct and/or actions by regulators in and outside of the U.S. with respect
to, among other things, product suitability, investor classification, compliance with securities laws, anti-money
laundering requirements, conflicts of interest regarding investment allocations, and the adequacy of disclosure
(including valuation and liquidity disclosures) to customers to whom Affiliated Products are distributed through those
channels. Although GSAM seeks to ensure through due diligence and onboarding procedures that the third-party
channels through which individual investors access its investment products conduct themselves responsibly, GSAM
might not be able to effectively monitor or control the manner of distribution. For example, GSAM relies on such third-
party channels to make suitability determinations and does not conduct its own suitability assessment with respect to
investors to whom Affiliated Products are distributed because such determinations are best made by the third parties
conducting the assessments. As a result, GSAM faces reputational risks and legal liability to the extent such third
parties improperly sell its products to investors.
Sanctions Risk –Economic sanctions or similar measures by the United States or non-U.S. governments imposed on the
issuers of securities in an Advisory Account create a heightened risk of loss due to delayed settlement, liquidity
constraints, and an inability to liquidate such securities at a favorable price or to conduct any transactions in such
securities at all. Economic sanctions may also prevent Goldman Sachs from taking certain steps to obtain timely
possession or control of an Advisory Account’s fully paid securities and excess margin securities to cure a segregation
deficiency.
Special Purpose Acquisition Companies Risk—Advisory Accounts may invest in stock, warrants and other securities of
SPACs. SPACs are in essence blank check companies without operating history or ongoing business other than seeking
acquisitions. The value of a SPAC’s securities is particularly dependent on the ability of its management to identify and
complete a profitable acquisition. There is no guarantee that the SPACs in which Advisory Accounts invest will
complete an acquisition or that any acquisitions completed by the SPACs in which Advisory Accounts invest will be
profitable. The values of investments in SPACs may be highly volatile and these investments may also have little or no
liquidity.
Speculative Position Limits Risks—An Advisory Account’s ownership of net long or net short positions in futures
contracts or options on such futures contracts or certain economically equivalent swaps may be limited by rules of the
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), certain European regulators and some exchanges.
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Sustainability Risks—Advisory Account investments could be exposed to sustainability risks (i.e., where an
environmental, social or governance event or condition exists that could cause an actual or a potential material
negative impact on the value of investments), including physical environmental risks, climate change transition risks,
supply chain disruptions, improper labor practices and corruption. If they materialize, sustainability risks can reduce
the value of investments held by an Advisory Account and could have a material impact on the performance and
returns of Advisory Accounts.
Syndication Risks—GSAM may cause an Advisory Account to make (or commit to make) an investment in a portfolio
company with the intent to assign or transfer a portion of such investment to co-investors before or after the closing of
the investment. GSAM may not be able to sell the opportunity to potential co-investors, and as a result, the Advisory
Account will have greater exposure to such portfolio company than was originally intended and bear all of the costs
and expenses related to such investment. In addition, in connection with any syndication, GSAM will determine when
to transfer any such investments to such co-investors, which may affect the amount that the Advisory Account is paid.
Technology Sector Risks—Stock prices of technology companies may experience significant price movements as a result
of intense market volatility, worldwide competition, consumer preferences, product compatibility, product
obsolescence, government regulation, or excessive investor optimism or pessimism.
Timing of Implementation Risks—There may be delays in the implementation of investment strategies, including as a
result of differences in time zones and the markets on which securities trade. Whether an Advisory Account is managed
on a discretionary or non-discretionary basis can also disrupt the implementation of an investment strategy. For
example, certain investment strategies may be delayed or not pursued in Advisory Accounts managed on a non-
discretionary basis because the client must authorize transactions before they can be executed.
Trade Protectionism—Advisory Accounts may be materially affected by market, economic and political conditions
globally and in the jurisdictions and sectors in which they invest or operate, including economic outlook, factors
affecting interest rates, the availability of credit, currency exchange rates, and trade barriers. Recent populist and anti-
globalization movements, particularly in the United States, may result in material changes in economic trade and
immigration policies all of which could lead to significant disruption of global markets and could have adverse
consequences on the Advisory Accounts’ investments. The imposition of tariffs, for example, can lead to supply
shortages and higher costs for portfolio companies, potentially impacting their profitability and competitiveness.
Trading on Non-U.S. Exchanges—Futures and securities traded on exchanges located outside the United States may be
subject to greater counterparty risk than those traded on U.S. exchanges, financial irregularities and/or lack of
appropriate risk monitoring and controls.
Use of Third-Party General Partners or Independent Boards of Directors—Certain Advisory Accounts may utilize the
services of third-party general partners or majority independent boards of directors. GSAM generally will not have the
right to control or direct the actions of a third-party general partner or majority independent board of directors, and a
third-party general partner or majority independent board of directors may take actions that could result in an adverse
effect on an Advisory Account and also may terminate the investment management agreement between the Advisory
Account and GSAM.
Utilities Industry Risk—Securities in the utilities industry can be very volatile and can be impacted significantly by
supply and demand for services or fuel, government regulation, conservation programs, commodity price fluctuations
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and other factors. Further, any tariffs or other trade restrictions or barriers imposed on utilities can lead to financial
instability for utilities and the potential for unfair or inequitable utility pricing.
Valuation Risks—In valuing assets that lack a readily ascertainable market value GSAM or its agent may utilize dealer-
supplied quotations or pricing models based on methodologies that are subject to error.
Volatility Risks—The prices and values of investments can be highly volatile, and are influenced by, among other things,
interest rates, general economic conditions, investor sentiment, the condition of the financial markets, the financial
condition of the issuers of such assets, changing supply and demand relationships, programs and policies of
governments, regional or global pandemics, developments or trends in any particular industry, and political and
economic events and policies worldwide. In the event that securities trading is significantly reduced or halted due to
any of the foregoing or other factors, it might be difficult for an Advisory Account or Underlying Fund to properly value
its holdings in such securities.
Warehousing Investments Risks; Seed Capital—Goldman Sachs may warehouse one or more investments on behalf of
an Advisory Account or provide seed capital to an Advisory Account to acquire investments prior to admission of any
third party investor. The value of these investments may decline prior to or following the transfer of such investments
to an Advisory Account or redemption of the seed capital, but any decline in value of the investment will not affect the
purchase price paid by the Advisory Account or the price at which the seed capital is redeemed, which could result in
losses to the Advisory Account.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO EQUITY INVESTMENTS
General
Additional Capital Requirements of Portfolio Companies—In some cases, portfolio companies require additional
financing to satisfy their working capital requirements or acquisition strategies. The amount of such additional funding
will depend upon the maturity and objectives of the portfolio company. If the funds provided are not sufficient, a
portfolio company may have to raise additional capital at an unfavorable price (as compared to the price at which the
Advisory Account invested in the portfolio company). Neither GSAM nor the portfolio company will be able to predict
accurately the future capital requirements necessary for success or whether additional funds will be available from any
source.
Energy, Oil and Gas Sector Risks—Investments in MLPs, energy infrastructure companies, and other companies
operating in the energy, oil and gas sectors that primarily derive their income from investing in companies within the
energy, oil and gas sectors are subject to risks including fluctuations in commodity prices, natural disasters, regulatory
changes and adverse political events.
Equity and Equity-Related Securities and Instruments—The value of common stocks of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers may
be affected by factors specific to the issuer, the issuer’s industry and the risk that stock prices historically rise and fall in
periodic cycles.
Exchange-Traded Fund Risks—ETFs could fail to accurately track the market segment or index that underlies their
investment objective. Moreover, ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to conventional funds: (i) the
risk that the market price of the ETF’s shares trade at a premium or a discount to their net asset value; (ii) the risk that
an active trading market for an ETF’s shares is not developed or maintained; and (iii) the risk that there is no assurance
that the requirements of the exchange necessary to maintain the listing of an ETF will continue to be met or remain
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unchanged. These securities carry certain specific risks to investors. Leveraged ETF shares typically represent interest in
a portfolio of securities that track an underlying benchmark or index and seek to deliver multiples of the performance
of the index or benchmark. An inverse ETF seeks to deliver the opposite of the performance of the index or benchmark
it tracks. Like traditional ETFs, some leveraged and inverse ETFs track broad indices, some are sector-specific, and
others are linked to commodities, currencies, or some other benchmark. To accomplish their objectives, leveraged and
inverse ETFs pursue a range of investment strategies using swaps, futures contracts, and other derivative instruments.
Most leveraged and inverse ETFs “reset” daily, meaning that they are designed to achieve their stated objectives daily.
Their performance over longer periods of time, over weeks or months or years, can differ significantly from the
performance (or inverse of the performance) of their underlying index or benchmark during the same period. This
effect can be magnified in volatile markets and thus poses substantial risk for an investor.
Infrastructure Company Risk—Infrastructure companies are susceptible to various factors that may negatively impact
their businesses or operations, including, without limitation, costs associated with compliance with and changes in
applicable environmental, governmental and other regulations, rising interest costs in connection with capital
construction and improvement programs, government budgetary constraints that impact publicly funded projects, the
effects of general economic conditions worldwide, surplus capacity and depletion concerns, increased competition,
uncertainties and delays with respect to the timing and receipt of government and/or regulatory approvals,
uncertainties regarding the availability of fuel and other natural resources at reasonable prices, the effects of energy
conservation policies, unfavorable tax laws or accounting policies, and high leverage. Infrastructure companies are also
affected by innovations in technology that could render the way in which a company delivers a product or service
obsolete, significant changes to the number of ultimate end-users of a company’s products, inexperience with and
potential losses resulting from a developing deregulatory environment, increased susceptibility to terrorist attacks and
natural or man-made disasters and other natural risks (including earthquakes, floods, lightning, hurricanes, tsunamis
and wind). Infrastructure companies also face operating risks, including the risk of fire, explosions, leaks, mining and
drilling accidents or other catastrophic events.
Investments in Technology Start-Up and Similar Companies—Portfolio companies that are technology start-up or
similar companies face risks related to, among other things, significant regulatory, public and political scrutiny, and an
inability to generate meaningful revenue.
Investments in the Consumer Sector—The consumer sector is highly sensitive to rapidly changing consumer
preferences and industry trends, and heavily dependent on consumer spending. A decrease in consumer spending or
failure to anticipate and respond to changes in industry trends, offer products that appeal to consumer taste or to
advertise and market products effectively could lead to a reduction in demand or lower prices for a portfolio
company’s products and services, which could have an adverse effect on such portfolio company’s financial condition
and operations.
IPOs/New Issues Risks—The purchase of IPO/New Issue shares may involve high transaction costs and such shares may
be subject to greater risks than investments in shares of publicly traded companies. IPOs and new issues are subject to
market risk and fluctuate considerably due to factors such as the absence of a prior public market, unseasoned trading,
the small number of shares or bonds available for trading and limited information about the company’s business
model, growth potential and other criteria used to evaluate its investment prospects.
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Low Trading Volume Risk—It is possible that an Advisory Account is not able to monetize its investment or will have to
do so at a loss as a result of generally lower trading volumes of the securities compared to other types of securities or
financial instruments.
Master Limited Partnership Risks—Investments by an Advisory Account in securities of MLPs involve risks that differ
from investments in common stock, including: limited control and limited voting rights; dilution; compulsory
redemptions at an undesirable time or price because of regulatory changes; and greater price volatility. A change in
current tax law, or a change in the underlying business mix of a given MLP, could result in an MLP being treated as a
corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which could cause a reduction of the value of the Advisory Account’s
investment in the MLP and lower income to the Advisory Account.
Pre-IPO Investments Risks—Investments in privately held companies, including in pre-IPO shares, are less liquid and
difficult to value, and there is significantly less information available about such companies relative to public
companies.
Preferred Stock, Convertible Securities and Warrants Risks—The value of preferred stock, convertible securities and
warrants will vary with the movements in the equity market and the performance of the underlying common stock.
Private Investments in Public Equities (“PIPEs”)—Equity issued in PIPE transactions is subject to transfer restrictions and
is less liquid than securities issued through a registered public offering.
Risk Arising from Potential Controlled Group Liability—An Advisory Account may, directly or indirectly through an
investment in an Underlying Fund, obtain a controlling interest (i.e., 80% or more) in certain portfolio companies.
Based on recent federal court decisions, there is a risk that such Advisory Account or Underlying Fund would be treated
as engaged in a “trade or business” for purposes of ERISA’s controlled group rules.
Risk of Liability When Acquiring Investments—Advisory Accounts that originate and/or purchase particular investments
may become subject to unknown liabilities, with limited recourse (or no recourse) against the prior owners of the
investments, and no assurance can be given that GSAM will have an understanding of all circumstances that may
adversely affect an investment.
Risks Relating to Portfolio Company Reputation—If a portfolio company fails to maintain the strength and value of the
portfolio company’s brand, or if its public image or reputation were to be tarnished by negative publicity, its value is
likely to decrease, which could have an adverse effect on Advisory Accounts.
Risks Related to Variable Interest Entities—In certain jurisdictions, including the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”),
governmental restrictions limit offshore ownership of certain companies located in that jurisdiction. Advisory Accounts
may obtain exposure to companies in these jurisdictions through variable interest entities (“VIEs”). Investments made
through VIEs pose risks in addition to the risks of investing in the underlying operating company because such
investments are made through an entity whose interests in the underlying operating company are established through
contract rather than through direct equity ownership. Further, there could be conflicting interests between VIE
investors and the company’s direct equity holders. VIEs are also subject to the risk that a particular jurisdiction, such as
the PRC, which has never formally accepted VIEs as a mechanism for investing in Chinese companies, ceases to tolerate
VIEs at any time. VIEs are also subject to additional filings and regulations in certain jurisdictions. The value of an
Advisory Account’s VIE investment could be negatively impacted as a result of any of the foregoing.
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Private Equity
Antitrust Risk—Advisory Accounts and their portfolio companies will be subject to antitrust and competition laws,
rules and regulations in the U.S. and other jurisdictions where they conduct business, and there has been increased
scrutiny from antitrust regulators around the world. If an Advisory Account investment becomes subject to antitrust
review and approval, the relevant authorities could elect not to approve such investment, significantly delay it or
approve it subject to particular terms and conditions (for example, that the underlying portfolio company divest of
certain assets). Advisory Accounts and their portfolio companies could incur significant costs pursuing transactions in
respect of which regulatory approvals are not granted and, as a result, are not able to be consummated.
Difficulty in Valuing Fund Investments—Valuation of interests in Underlying Funds may be difficult because there
generally will be no established market for these interests or for securities of privately-held companies which
Underlying Funds may own.
Growth Capital Investments—While growth capital investments offer the opportunity for significant capital gains, such
investments may involve a higher degree of business and financial risk that can result in substantial or total loss,
including as a result of substantial capital needs and intense competition from more established companies with
greater resources.
Illiquidity of Investments—Private equity investments generally will be long-term and highly illiquid.
Limited Ability to Negotiate Terms and Structures—GSAM may not have the opportunity and/or ability to negotiate the
terms of the interests in the portfolio companies or other special rights or privileges, which may adversely affect
Advisory Accounts.
Operating and Financial Risks and Competition Associated with Portfolio Companies—Investments in certain portfolio
companies, which may be highly leveraged and subject to restrictive financial and operating covenants, may involve a
high degree of business and financial risk due to, among other things, the early stage of development of such
companies, a lack of operating history, and intense competition.
Reliance on Company Management—The success or failure of an investment in a portfolio company will depend to a
significant extent on the portfolio company’s management team. A member of a portfolio company’s management
team may engage in activities that pose legal, regulatory, financial, reputational or other risks to the portfolio
company, and such activities may be difficult or impossible to detect.
Risks Relating to Investments in Venture Capital Funds and Venture Capital-Backed and Early Stage Investing—
Investments in venture capital funds and venture capital-back and early stage companies tend to be highly illiquid,
speculative, and involve a significant risk of loss. In addition, venture capital-backed and early stage companies may
have narrow product lines and small market shares, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’
actions, business and economic developments, and market conditions compared to more mature companies. The
success of such companies is often dependent in significant part upon proprietary technology utilized in its products
and services, which may subject such companies to intellectual property disputes. The percentage of venture capital-
backed and early stage companies that survive and prosper can be small.
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RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO FIXED-INCOME INVESTMENTS
Assignments and Participations—Assignments and participations are typically sold strictly without recourse to the
selling institution thereof, and the selling institution will generally make no representations or warranties about the
underlying loans.
Bank Obligations—Advisory Accounts may invest in obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. or foreign banks that are
subject to extensive governmental regulations which may limit both the amount and types of loans which may be made
and interest rates which may be charged. Among the significant risks relating to such obligations are general economic
conditions as well as exposure to credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers.
Collateral Securing Investments—Secured investments are subject to the risk that the security interests granted by the
obligors in the underlying collateral are not properly or fully perfected in favor of lenders (or their agent).
Compounding these risks, the collateral securing the secured investments may be subject to casualty or devaluation
risks.
Commodity Exposure Risks—Exposure to the commodities markets may result in greater volatility than investments in
traditional securities due to changes in overall market movements, commodity index volatility, changes in interest
rates, factors affecting a particular industry or commodity, as well as changes in value, supply and demand and
governmental regulatory policies.
Contingent Convertible Instruments Risks—Contingent convertible instruments (“CoCos”) are complex instruments
issued primarily by non-U.S. financial companies and have unique risk considerations that differentiate them from
traditional convertible, preferred or debt securities. Depending upon the terms of the particular issue, when certain
pre-determined conditions are met (which are typically those that are adverse to the issuer), CoCos can be mandatorily
converted into common equity of the issuer or the principal of the CoCos can be temporarily or permanently written
down. As a result, investors in CoCos could lose all or part of their principal investment. If an issuer becomes distressed,
including prior to the occurrence of a pre-determined condition, the issuer could determine to defer or cancel interest
payments or dividends. The issuer could also have the right to substitute or vary the terms of, or to redeem all or part
of, the CoCos. In addition, in the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of an issuer prior to a conversion, the
rights and claims of the holders of the CoCos against the issuer generally rank junior to the claims of all holders of
unsubordinated obligations of the issuer. Market value of CoCos will be affected by many unpredictable factors,
including but not limited to the market value of the issuer’s common equity, the issuer’s creditworthiness and capital
ratios, any indication that the securities are trending toward a trigger event, supply and demand for the securities, and
events that affect the issuer or the financial markets generally. There might be no active secondary market for the
securities, and holders of CoCos may have to accept a significant discount from the expected value of the bond in order
to sell it. CoCos are primarily issued by banking institutions and, as a result, an investment in CoCos may lead to
increased concentration risk in an industry that is already experiencing heightened volatility. See Item 8, Methods of
Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss—General Risks—Risks Related to Volatility in the Banking Sector.
Corporate Debt Securities Risks—Corporate debt securities are subject to the risk of the issuer’s inability to meet
principal and interest payments on the obligation and may also be subject to price volatility.
Correlation Risk—The performance of a structured investment, such as a structured note or warrant, held by an
Advisory Account could underperform or differ from the market, or prior to maturity, perform differently than the
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payment at maturity formula due to changes in factors influencing the structured investments, including equity
performance and/or changes in credit spreads, implied volatility, interest rates and/or dividends.
Credit/Default Risk—The issuers or guarantors of fixed-income instruments could fail to make payments or fulfil other
contractual obligations.
Credit Diversification Risk—The credit diversification of an Advisory Account pursuing a structured investment strategy
could be limited due to the lack of availability of structured investments from one or more issuers at a given time.
Credit Ratings—An Advisory Account could use credit ratings to evaluate securities even though such credit ratings
might not fully reflect the true risks of an investment. A change in the credit rating of a security can have a rapid,
adverse effect on the security’s liquidity and make it more difficult for an Advisory Account to sell at an advantageous
price or time.
Exchange-Traded Notes—Exchange-traded notes are subject to credit risk, do not make periodic interest payments,
and may impose fees and expenses on the Advisory Account.
Fixed-Income Securities Risks—Fixed-income securities are subject to the risk of the issuer’s or a guarantor’s inability to
meet principal and interest payments on its obligations and to price volatility.
Floating and Variable Rate Obligations Risks—There may be a lag between an actual change in the underlying interest
rate benchmark and the reset time for an interest payment with respect to instruments with a floating and/or variable
rate obligation, which could harm or benefit the Advisory Account, depending on the interest rate environment or
other circumstances.
General Risks of Secured Loans—An investment in loans that are secured is subject to the risk, among others, that the
security interests in the underlying collateral are not properly or fully perfected, or that other lenders may have
exclusive liens over particular assets (including assets held by non-guarantor subsidiaries) and/or may have priority
over the Advisory Account. These risks could have an adverse impact on an Advisory Account’s recovery in connection
with a secured loan.
High Yield Debt Securities Risks—High yield debt securities have historically experienced greater default rates than
investment grade securities and are subject to additional liquidity and volatility risk.
Hybrid Securities Risks—Credit risk is magnified with respect to preferred and deeply subordinated long-term debt
(“Hybrid Securities”) due to their payoff structure. If an issuer goes into bankruptcy, all other debt holders are paid
first and then preferred holders are paid. In addition, most Hybrid Securities are issued by financial firms and banks.
Investing in Hybrid Securities can create an inadvertent portfolio concentration in financial firms or the financial sector
as a whole. Furthermore, Hybrid Securities usually have maturities of 30 years or longer (and in certain cases can
remain outstanding in perpetuity), but can be retired prior to maturity at the option of the issuer.
Inflation Protected Securities Risks—Investments in inflation protected securities involve risks including an inability to
accurately measure the rate of inflation and declining prices due to market deflation.
Investment Grade Debt Securities Risk—Investment grade debt securities, like other types of debt securities, involve
credit risk. Investment grade debt securities are also subject to the risk that their ratings can be downgraded by the
ratings agencies. A rating downgrade could decrease the value of such securities, which could have an adverse impact
on Advisory Accounts that own such securities.
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Lack of Control Over Investments—GSAM will not have complete or even partial control over decisions affecting certain
investments. For example, GSAM Personnel acting in an advisory capacity in some cases acquire investments that
represent minority positions in a debt tranche where third-party investors control amendments or waivers or
enforcement. In addition, administrative agents in some cases are appointed under certain facilities in which an
Advisory Account invests and such administrative agents would have discretion over certain decisions on behalf of the
investors, including the Advisory Account.
Lender Liability Considerations and Equitable Subordination—A number of judicial decisions in the United States have
upheld the right of borrowers to sue lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories (collectively
termed “lender liability”). An Advisory Account could be subject to allegations of lender liability and claims from
creditors of an obligor that the obligations issued by such obligor that are held by the Advisory Account should be
equitably subordinated. There can be no assurance that such claims will not be asserted or that the Advisory Account
will be able successfully to defend against them. In addition, Advisory Accounts that have representatives on the
boards of their portfolio companies could be prevented from freely disposing of their debt investments, subjected to
additional liability or could have their debt investments recharacterized as equity, all of which would adversely affect
Advisory Accounts.
Limited Amortization Requirements—Senior secured debt will typically have limited mandatory amortization and
interim repayment requirements, which may increase the risk that a company will not be able to repay or refinance the
senior debt.
Loan Risks—Risks associated with investing in loans include illiquidity due to extended trade settlement periods,
default and foreclosure and decline in, or total loss of value of, the collateral securing the loan.
Mezzanine Debt Risks—An Advisory Account holding mezzanine debt will have lower priority than senior creditors,
trade creditors and employees and will have substantially less influence over a company’s affairs than that of senior
creditors, especially during periods of financial distress or following an insolvency.
Mortgage-Backed and/or Other Asset-Backed Securities Risks—Mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities are
subject to certain credit risks associated with the performance of the underlying investments, such as “extension risk,”
“prepayment risk,” and certain other risks described in this Item 8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk
of Loss—Material Risks for Significant Investment Strategies and Particular Types of Securities—Risks that Apply
Primarily to Fixed-Income Investments, and, for securities offered by non-governmental issuers, the failure of private
insurers to meet their obligations and unexpectedly high rates of default on the mortgages backing the securities.
Municipal Securities Risks—Municipal securities risks include credit/default risk, interest rate risk, potential changes in
tax rates and tax exemptions, the ability of the issuer to repay the obligation, the relative lack of information about
certain issuers of municipal securities, and the possibility of future legislative changes which could affect the market for
and value of municipal securities.
Non-Investment Grade Investment Risks—Non-investment grade fixed-income securities are considered speculative
and are subject to the increased risk of an issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payment obligations, greater
price volatility, interest rate sensitivity and less secondary market liquidity.
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Non-Performing Loan Risks—There can be no assurance as to the amount or timing of payments with respect to non-
performing loans. The obligor and/or guarantor of such loans may also be in bankruptcy or liquidation, which may
require substantial workout negotiations or restructuring and can result in significant losses to Advisory Accounts.
Obligations Risks—Many loan obligations are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on purchase and sale or resale
and are relatively illiquid and may be difficult to value.
Odd Lot Risk—Pricing services generally price fixed income securities assuming transactions of an institutional “round
lot” size. While GSAM generally does not seek to purchase odd lots for Advisory Accounts, GSAM could from time-to-
time trade in smaller “odd lot” sizes because, for example, it is impractical to acquire an institutional “round lot” due to
an Advisory Account's limited size, an Advisory Account receives an odd lot as a result of a corporate action or other
event outside of GSAM’s control, or an Advisory Account directs GSAM to transact in a legacy odd lot position. Odd lots
typically trade at lower prices than institutional round lot trades. Over certain time periods, such differences could
materially impact the performance of an Advisory Account that holds odd lots.
Other Debt Instruments; CBOs and CLOs Risks—Debt instruments such as collateralized bond obligations and
collateralized loan obligations may be difficult to value and may be subject to certain transfer limitations.
Prepayment Risk—An issuer could exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by an Advisory Account (such
as a mortgage-backed security or an asset-backed security) earlier than expected, including when there is a decline in
interest rates, and an Advisory Account’s ability to maintain positions in such securities will be affected by reductions in
the principal amount of such securities resulting from prepayments, and its ability to reinvest the returns of principal at
comparable yields will be subject to generally prevailing interest rates at that time.
Purchases of Securities and Other Obligations of Financially Distressed Companies—The purchase of securities and
other obligations of companies that are experiencing significant financial or business distress involves a substantial
degree of risk and may not show any return for a considerable period of time, if ever.
Revolving Credit Facilities—Advisory Accounts may acquire or originate revolving credit facilities in connection with
their investments in other assets. Since drawing down funds of a revolving credit facility can typically be done quicker
than calling capital under an Advisory Account, client(s) of such Advisory Account may be required to contribute the full
amount that could be drawn by such borrower before or at the time such credit facility is established. Such borrower
might not fully draw down its available credit and, as a result, such Advisory Account could either hold unemployed
funds and/or not call all committed capital, which may adversely affect its returns.
Risks Related to Structured Investments—Advisory Accounts may invest in structured investments, which are highly
complex investments and are subject to a number of risks, including prepayment risk, market and regulatory
uncertainty, extension risk, interest rate risk, subordination risk, default-related risks, and the possibility of material
misrepresentation or omission from issuers/guarantors. Structured investments are often leveraged, may be difficult to
value and may have reduced liquidity. Structured investments are also subject to the risks associated with the
underlying assets, such as default or bankruptcy and claims of fraudulent conveyance. Further, Advisory Accounts
investing in structured investments will not own the underlying assets directly, and therefore will not benefit from
general rights applicable to the holders of such assets, such as indemnity rights, voting rights, or rights of setoff.
Second Lien Loan Risks—Second lien loans generally are subject to similar risks as those associated with investments in
senior loans, and, because they are subordinated or unsecured and thus lower in priority of payment to senior loans,
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they are subject to additional risks, including the risk that the borrower may be unable to meet scheduled payments,
price volatility, illiquidity, and the inability of the originators to sell participations in such loans.
Secondary Market/Limited Liquidity Risk—The secondary market for one or more of an Advisory Account’s underlying
structured investments could be limited due to a particular issuer exposure, volatility of a referenced asset or for other
reasons. This lack of liquidity in the secondary market may make one or more of the underlying investments more
difficult to dispose of and to value, resulting in a structured investment strategy being less liquid than other strategies
and negatively impacting secondary market valuations.
Senior Loan Risks—Senior loans are typically rated below investment grade, and are subject to similar risks as non-
investment grade securities, such as credit risk and liquidity risk. Although senior loans generally will be secured by
specific collateral, there can be no assurance that liquidation of such collateral would satisfy the borrower’s obligation
in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal or that such collateral could be readily liquidated.
Further, although senior loans hold the most senior position in the capital structure of a borrower, such loans may
become subordinated to other debt holders and creditors, in which case they will be subject to the risks generally
associated with investments in second lien and more junior loans.
Short Duration Fixed-Income Strategies—A strategy focused on short duration fixed-income securities generally will
earn less income and may provide lower total returns than longer duration strategies.
Short-Term Investment Fund Risk—Advisory Accounts with “stable value” mandates may invest in Short-Term
Investment Funds (“STIFs”), and the ability of such Advisory Accounts to maintain a stable net asset value is dependent
in part on the ability of the STIF vehicle to maintain a stable net asset value.
Sovereign Debt Risks—Investment in sovereign debt obligations involves risks not present in debt obligations of
corporate issuers, such as the issuer’s inability or unwillingness to repay principal or interest, and limited recourse to
compel payment in the event of a default.
Tax Exempt Risk – The tax exempt status of municipal securities could change or be removed completely which would
negatively impact the value of municipal bonds.
Stable Value Risks—The obligations of providers of Stable Value Contracts are those of the providers and are not
obligations of GSAM, Goldman Sachs or any of their affiliates. There is no guarantee that providers under Stable Value
Contracts will fulfill their obligations or that such contracts will continue to be valued at their contract value rather than
market or fair value. Any valuation adjustments with respect to assets under a Stable Value Contract could cause a
significant loss to the Advisory Accounts that held the contract. Additional risks of investing in Stable Value Contracts
include, among others, increased fees, decreased flexibility of terms, credit impairment of an underlying security, the
risk that providers experience credit failure, the risk that changes in cash flows will negatively impact yield, and long
withdrawal notice periods. There can be no assurance that sufficient Stable Value Contracts will be available in the
future to replace or supplement an Advisory Account’s existing contracts. Future regulatory action or changes to
accounting principles applicable to Stable Value Contracts could also impact the availability or terms of Stable Value
Contracts.
Underperformance Risk—Structured investments could underperform the underlying investments due to reasons such
as the payout feature of one or more investments and the fact that such structured investments do not receive
dividends.
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U.S. Government Securities Risks—Issuers of U.S. government securities may not have the funds to meet their payment
obligations and may not receive financial support from the United States.
U.S. Treasury Securities Risk—Securities backed by the U.S. Treasury or the full faith and credit of the United States are
guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity, but the market prices for
such securities are not guaranteed and will fluctuate, including as changes in domestic and global economic conditions
affect the demand for these securities. Additionally, it is expected that the SEC’s recent adoption of rules which will
require central clearing of a broad range of cash and repurchase transactions in U.S. Treasury securities beginning on
December 31, 2026 will result in significant changes in the current marketplace, which in turn will have significant
effects on market participants including GSAMLP, GS&Co., GSAMI and GSAMS and on the prices of U.S. Treasury
securities. The full impact of these changes is uncertain.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO MANAGED ACCOUNT SERVICES
General Risks—As with other investment products under the GSAM platform, Managed Account Services involve risk,
including loss of principal, which investors should be prepared to bear. Under normal conditions, an Enrolled
Participant’s asset allocation will typically become more conservative over time as retirement approaches through a
reduced allocation to equity funds and an increased allocation to fixed income funds in accordance with the baseline
glidepath, subject to certain guardrails around the baseline glidepath established by GSAM and adjustments based on
information about an Enrolled Participant’s retirement circumstances and goals. A conservative asset allocation does
not mean that the asset allocation or its underlying investments are without risk. The Enrolled Participant Accounts are
subject to the risks associated with their underlying investments. These risks change over time as the asset allocation
strategy adjusts. There is no assurance that the asset allocation strategy or any underlying investment will achieve its
investment objective, and each will fluctuate due to market conditions and other factors, including various market,
liquidity, currency, economic, political and other risks. The ability of the asset allocation strategy to meet its investment
objective is directly related to the information that GSAM receives (and the accuracy of that information), the ability of
the underlying investments to meet their investment objectives, and the allocation among those investments. There is
no guarantee Managed Account Services will provide adequate income at or through retirement.
Risks Associated with Using the Managed Account Services Algorithms—The algorithms used by Managed Account
Services (“Managed Account Services Algorithms”) are based on the capital market assumptions and analysis of GSAM
or a WMA Institution. The investment objectives of the Managed Account Services Algorithms are not intended to
replicate a perfect “model” portfolio, but are, instead, intended to reflect the investment philosophy of GSAM or a
WMA Institution. The Managed Account Services Algorithms also entail the use of sophisticated statistical calculations
and complex computer systems, and there is no assurance that GSAM will be successful in carrying out such
calculations correctly, or that the use of these quantitative models and systems will not expose Enrolled Participant
Accounts to the risk of significant losses. More specifically, GSAM’s ability to implement key investment objectives is
dependent on a number of considerations, including, but not limited to, the economic, analytical and mathematical
components and assumptions of each model, the accurate encapsulation of those components in a complex
computational environment (including the Software Platform), the data quality incorporated into the models, changes
in market conditions, the successful expression of the models’ views into any applicable investment portfolio
construction, and the ability of authorized personnel of GSAM or a WMA Institution to interpret and implement model
outputs. Several of the aforementioned considerations (and others) present the possibility of human error. While
GSAM has established certain systematic rules and processes for monitoring Enrolled Participant portfolios to ensure
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they are managed in accordance with their investment objectives, there is no guarantee that these rules or processes
will effectively manage the risks associated with the Managed Account Services Algorithms in all market conditions.
Consequently, while GSAM employs controls to help ensure that models are sound in their development and
appropriately adapted, calibrated and implemented into the Software Platform, the risks and certain errors associated
with the Managed Account Services Algorithms can and will persist. Furthermore, errors can be very difficult to detect
in some instances, with some errors potentially going undetected for long periods of time, or not detected at all.
GSAM’s controls and processes are designed to help ensure that certain types of errors are subject to review once
discovered, however, the effect of errors on the investment process and, as applicable, Enrolled Participant Account
performance (positive or negative) may not be fully apparent when discovered.
Risks Related to Accuracy of Information—GSAM relies, and bases its asset allocation and Managed Account Services
Guidance with respect to Managed Account Services, on information provided by Plan Sponsors, WMA Institutions
(including data held with and provided by a plan’s recordkeeper), other plan fiduciaries and Enrolled Participants
without further verification. If GSAM were to receive inaccurate or false information from these parties, the quality and
applicability of the investment strategies, Managed Account Services Guidance, recommendations made to, and, if
applicable, management of, Enrolled Participant Accounts can be materially impacted. GSAM can and will also receive
and utilize data and information about Enrolled Participants and Enrolled Participant Accounts from third-party
custodians, brokers and other data providers, and will also utilize publicly available information. GSAM does not
independently verify or guarantee that such data and information is accurate or current. If such data and/or
information were to prove inaccurate or outdated, false or otherwise materially compromised, the quality and
applicability of the investment strategies, Managed Account Services Guidance, recommendations made to, and, if
applicable, GSAM’s management of, Enrolled Participant Accounts could be materially impacted.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO DERIVATIVES INVESTMENTS AND SHORT SALES
Call and Put Options Risks—The market price of the security underlying a call or put option may decrease below, or
increase above, as applicable, the purchase price of the underlying security.
Failure of Brokers, Clearing Houses, Counterparties and Exchanges Risks—An Advisory Account will be exposed to the
credit risk of the counterparties with which, or the brokers, clearing houses, dealers, exchanges and other trading
platforms through which, it deals.
Forward Contracts Risks—Investment in forward contracts, which are generally not regulated and are not subject to
limitations on daily price moves, may involve counterparty credit risk and default risk.
Futures Risks—Futures positions may be illiquid due to daily limits on price fluctuations, and the CFTC may suspend
trading or order immediate liquidation and settlement of a particular contract.
Hedging Risks—Hedging techniques involve risks such as the possibility that losses on the hedge may be greater than
gains in the value of the positions of an Advisory Account.
Requirement to Perform—When entering into forward, spot or option contracts, or swaps, an Advisory Account may
be required, and must be able, to perform its obligations under the contract.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements Risks—The value of securities being relinquished in a reverse repurchase transaction
may decline below the closing price, and counterparties to a reverse repurchase agreement may be unable or unwilling
to complete the transaction as scheduled.
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Risks of Cross-Guarantee and Cross-Collateralization of Borrowing Obligations—Advisory Accounts that are pooled
investment vehicles may be jointly responsible for the repayment of indebtedness, and in such cases one Advisory
Account may be adversely affected if another Advisory Account defaults on its obligations.
Risks of Derivative Investments—Investments in swaps, options, futures, and other derivative instruments, including
those relating to non-U.S. currency transactions, involve risks including, among others, illiquidity in the markets for
derivative instruments, failure of the counterparty to perform its contractual obligations, or the risks arising from
margin requirements and related leverage factors associated with such transactions.
Short Selling/Position Risk—Short selling involves the risk of potentially unlimited losses and the inability to reacquire a
security or close the transaction timely or at an acceptable price.
Swaps Risks—The use of swaps is subject to various types of risks, including, among others, market risk, liquidity risk,
structuring risk, legal risk, tax risk, and the risk of non-performance by the counterparty.
When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitments—The purchase of securities on a when-issued or forward
commitment basis involves a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines before the settlement
date. Conversely, the sale of securities on a forward commitment basis involves the risk that the value of the securities
sold may increase before the settlement date.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO INVESTMENTS IN THIRD-PARTY MANAGEMENT COMPANIES
Activities of Third-Party Management Companies and Their Personnel—A Third-Party Management Company and/or its
personnel may engage in activities that pose legal, regulatory, financial, reputational or other risks to the Third-Party
Management Company, and such activities may be difficult or impossible to detect.
Changes in Expected Investment Objectives of Third-Party Management Companies—Advisory Accounts will generally
not be able to reduce or withdraw their investments in Third-Party Management Companies in the event such Third-
Party Management Companies change their investment objectives and strategies and economic terms.
Clawback Payments to Third-Party Management Companies—Third-Party Management Companies may make
distributions to Advisory Accounts that are subject to clawback arrangements.
Consent and Filing Requirements in Connection with Investments in Third-Party Management Companies—The
acquisition and disposition of interests in Third-Party Management Companies may be subject to the consent and filing
requirements of governmental or regulatory bodies, which consent may or may not be granted.
Inability to Fulfill Investment Objective or Implement Investment Strategy; Competitive Investment Environment—
There can be no assurances as to the availability of opportunities to invest in Third-Party Management Companies due
to the potentially high levels of investor demand for such investments and transfer restrictions to which the Third-Party
Management Companies are subject.
Key Persons; Non-Competition—Third-Party Management Companies may rely heavily on certain of their key
personnel to manage and direct their operations, and the departure of any personnel or their inability to fulfill their
responsibilities may adversely affect the Third-Party Management Company’s ability to effectively implement its
investment program, which may have an adverse effect on an Advisory Account.
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Limited Track Record of Third-Party Management Companies—An Advisory Account may invest in a Third-Party
Management Company that has only recently commenced operations and therefore has a limited operating history
upon which GSAM can evaluate its anticipated performance.
Past Performance of Third-Party Management Companies—The past performance of a Third-Party Management
Company, or of a manager that has established a Third-Party Management Company after having worked with various
investment firms, may not be an indication of the future performance of such Third-Party Management Company.
Performance Dependent Upon Third-Party Management Companies—Returns of an investment in a Third-Party
Management Company will depend upon the performance of such Third-Party Management Company.
Risks Applicable to Allocation of Assets to Certain Third-Party Management Companies—Third-Party Management
Companies may have limited direct experience managing their funds and/or limited or no experience managing certain
of the strategies expected to be deployed by them in their investment program.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO INVESTMENTS IN UNDERLYING FUNDS AND WITH RESPECT TO ADVISERS
Advisers’ Activities May be Limited—In order to avoid restrictions on its investment activities imposed by regulatory or
other requirements, an Adviser may reject, limit or restrict investments by Advisory Accounts.
Advisers and Underlying Funds Invest Independently—Advisers and Underlying Funds generally make investment
decisions independently of other Advisers and other Underlying Funds, respectively, and may at times compete for
investments or hold, or cause an Advisory Account to hold, economically offsetting positions or interests in the same
underlying investments.
Changes to Investment Program; Additional Investment Strategies of Underlying Funds—Managers of Underlying Funds
in which an Advisory Account invests may modify the investment strategies and sub-strategies being utilized by the
Underlying Fund.
Failure by Other Investors to Meet Capital Calls—Failure by other investors to meet a capital call by an Underlying Fund
could have adverse consequences for GSAM’s clients.
Giveback Obligations—An Underlying Fund may require the return of distributions received from investments.
Government Investigations—An Adviser or any current or former personnel or affiliate thereof may become involved in
an investigation by a governmental or regulatory agency or may otherwise be suspected to have been involved in any
wrongdoing, resulting in reputational harm to the Adviser and the diversion of the Adviser’s attention from its
investment management responsibilities.
Investment and Trading Risks—Investments in Underlying Funds are speculative and involve a high degree of risk,
including the risk that the entire amount invested may be lost.
Investments of Advisory Accounts May Not Be Diversified—Greater concentration with any single Adviser or in any
single sector likely will increase the adverse effect on an Advisory Account of any problems experienced by such
Adviser.
Investments in Certain Multi-Adviser Structures—Where an Underlying Fund allocates funds to investment funds
selected by its Adviser that are affiliated with such Adviser and investment funds selected by such Adviser that are not
affiliated with such Adviser, GSAM generally will have limited ability to examine the organizational infrastructure of the
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underlying managers and the investment funds in which the Advisory Account indirectly invests. Advisers have an
incentive to select affiliated investment funds based on compensation received in connection with managing such
affiliated investment funds.
Limitations on Ability to Rebalance Portfolio—Due to factors including illiquidity, GSAM may at certain times be unable
to reallocate an Advisory Account’s assets among Advisers as it determines is advisable.
Limitations on GSAM’s Authority—Agreements with Advisers, market conditions and applicable law may limit GSAM’s
participation in the day-to-day management of unaffiliated Underlying Funds, which may delay, among other things,
GSAM’s reaction to market or other conditions.
Limited Ability to Invest in Underlying Funds—Certain Underlying Funds can accommodate only a limited amount of
capital, and each Underlying Fund has the right to refuse to manage some or all of the assets that GSAM may wish to
allocate to such Underlying Fund.
Limited Ability to Negotiate Terms of Investments in Underlying Funds—GSAM may have limited or no opportunity to
negotiate the terms of the interests in the Underlying Funds or other special rights or privileges, and, as a result, the
terms, structure and other aspects of such investments may be disadvantageous for legal, tax, regulatory, and other
reasons.
Limited Regulatory Oversight—Underlying Funds and Advisers to which Advisory Accounts allocate assets may not be
registered under the Investment Company Act and the Advisers Act, respectively, and may be subject to limited or no
regulatory requirements or governmental oversight.
Liquidity Risk of Underlying Funds—Redemptions or withdrawals from Underlying Funds may be significantly delayed
as a result of minimum holding periods, limitation of dates on which interests may be redeemed, caps or limits on
redemptions, significant redemption notice periods or redemption fees imposed by the Underlying Fund.
Multiple Levels of Fees and Expenses—Subject to applicable law, Advisory Accounts investing in Advisers or Underlying
Funds generally bear any asset-based and performance-based fees or allocations and expenses at the Advisory Account
level and at the Adviser or Underlying Fund level (although there may be circumstances in which Advisory Accounts
bear such fees at only the Advisory Account level, or only the Adviser level).
New Strategies Risks—Advisers may utilize additional investment strategies and sub-strategies, and/or remove,
substitute or modify their investment strategies and sub-strategies or any of the types of investments then being
utilized prior to GSAM having the opportunity to evaluate such decisions or withdraw an Advisory Account’s assets.
Non-Recourse Risk—The governing agreements of Underlying Funds in which Advisory Accounts invest may limit a
trustee and/or manager’s liability to investors.
Reliance on Unaffiliated Advisers—Success of investments with Unaffiliated Advisers depends upon, among other
things, the ability of the Unaffiliated Advisers to develop and successfully implement strategies that achieve their
investment objectives.
Risks Associated with Certain Methods for Allocating Assets to Advisers—Additional costs and liquidity and credit risks
arise when assets are allocated to Advisers indirectly, including through intermediate investment vehicles formed or
managed by GSAM or by purchasing derivatives.
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Risks Associated with “Start-up” Advisers—Investments with “start-up” Advisers pose greater risks and uncertainty
than investments with more experienced Advisers.
Risks Related to Investments in Underlying Funds—Additional subscriptions to Underlying Funds will dilute the indirect
interests of such Underlying Funds’ existing investors, and GSAM may have no ability to assess the accuracy of
valuations received in respect of investments in such Underlying Funds.
Risks Related to Thematic Investments—Certain Advisers may implement specific investment themes or ideas that are
derived from short-term or medium-term market views. It is expected that only a limited number of Underlying Funds
will have a thematic focus, and, therefore, thematic investment opportunities and capacity for Underlying Funds with a
thematic focus will be limited. As a result, Underlying Funds may hold large cash balances or be highly concentrated in
a limited number of positions.
Risks Related to Underlying Fund Side Pockets—An Advisory Account that holds side-pocketed assets in an Underlying
Fund is subject to significant liquidity and valuation risks.
Transactions Between and Among Advisory Accounts—The transfer price for transfers between and among Advisory
Accounts will not take into account any value associated with the transfer of the Advisory Account’s investment holding
period, if any, in an Underlying Fund, or the prior high net asset value.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS
Dependence on Property Managers and Operating Partners—Reliance on third parties to manage or operate
investments poses significant risks, including, among others, that the manager or operating partner may suffer a
business failure, become bankrupt or engage in activities that compete with investments.
Development Risks—Real estate investments may require development or redevelopment, which carries additional
risks, including the availability and timely receipt of zoning and other regulatory approvals, the cost and timely
completion of construction, and the availability of financing on favorable terms.
Failure to Qualify as a REIT Would Result in Higher Taxes—If any real estate investment trust (“REIT”) were to fail to
qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it would be subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax, including any
applicable alternative minimum tax, on its taxable income at regular corporate rates, and distributions by the REIT
would not be deductible by such REIT in computing its taxable income. Certain REITs and/or investors in REITs could be
subject to non-US tax regimes that differ from those in the US and could reduce the returns to such REITs or their
investors (including an Underlying Fund).
Impact of Recessionary Environment on Real Estate Investments—All real estate-related investments are subject to the
risk that a general downturn in the national or local economy will depress real estate prices.
Real Estate Industry Risks— Real estate investments involve additional risks not typically associated with other asset
classes The real estate industry is sensitive to economic downturns, which may cause occasional or permanent
reductions in property values and the values of securities of real estate companies may fluctuate between under-
performance and out-performance of equity securities markets. Real estate investments (both through public and
private markets) are also subject to changes in broader macroeconomic conditions, such as interest rates.
REIT Risks—The securities of REITs involve greater risks than those associated with larger, more established companies
and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements because of interest rate changes, economic conditions
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and other factors. REITs may also fail to qualify for tax free pass-through of income or may fail to maintain their
exemptions from investment company registration.
Risks Associated with Investments in Workforce Housing—Certain Advisory Accounts will invest in workforce and
affordable housing located in metropolitan areas in the United States. The value and successful operation of workforce
and affordable housing properties may be adversely affected by local corporate restructurings and/or layoffs, industry
slowdowns and other factors that adversely affect the local economy.
Risks Relating to the Acquisition and Ownership of Undeveloped Land—The acquisition or ownership of undeveloped
land for residential or commercial land banking purposes involves risks associated with real estate development,
entitlement and other regulatory risks, and liquidity risk.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO ESG AND IMPACT INVESTMENTS
Dependence on Government Funding, Tax Credits and Other Subsidies—The success of certain ESG investments may
depend on government funding, tax credits or other public or private sector subsidies, which are not guaranteed over
the life of the investment.
Environmental, Social Impact and Governance Investments—ESG investments may not provide as favorable returns or
protection of capital as other investments, and may be more concentrated in certain sectors than investments that do
not have the intention of generating measurable social and environmental impact. In addition, there are significant
differences in interpretations of what it means for a company to be an ESG investment, and GSAM’s interpretations
may differ from others’. GSAM’s approach to ESG investing may evolve and develop over time, both due to a
refinement of investment decision-making processes to address ESG characteristics and risks, and because of legal and
regulatory developments. In evaluating a security or an issuer’s ESG characteristics, GSAM is dependent on the quality
and completeness of ESG-related information and data obtained through third parties, which may be incomplete,
inaccurate or unavailable. As a result, there is a risk that GSAM could incorrectly assess a security or issuer. The risk
associated with this dependency is especially pronounced for markets, geographies, and asset classes where the quality
and extent of available information and reporting are lower.
Legislative and Regulatory Risks of ESG Investments—GSAM and Advisory Accounts are subject to evolving regulations
regarding ESG investing and could become subject to additional regulation in the future. GSAM cannot guarantee that
its current approach to ESG investing or an Advisory Account’s ESG investments will meet future regulatory
requirements, reporting frameworks or best practices. Recently, anti-ESG sentiment has gained momentum across the
United States, with several state legislatures having passed or proposed laws, initiatives and/or guidelines to prohibit
or restrict state pension funds, agencies or other state entities from doing business with investors and companies that
consider ESG and/or ESG-related factors in their investment decisions. Any such legislation and/or regulation could
negatively impact the value of an Advisory Account’s investments and the Advisory Account may ultimately make fewer
investments and be less diversified than if it were not restricted from participating in certain investments due to such
legislative and/or regulation. This development in the United States creates a risk of inconsistency between ESG
initiatives in the United States and other countries, including the United Kingdom and European Union, where there
continues to be regulatory and investor interest in improving transparency around how investment managers define
and measure ESG performance.
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Risks Associated with Impact Investments—GSAM may take into account the potential environmental and/or social
impact when making decisions regarding the selection, management and disposal of investments, which may result in a
lower financial return than if it did not take into account such impact.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENTS
Operational Risks of Renewable Energy Investments—The value of renewable power investments is dependent on
contractual arrangements with third parties who may not perform on their obligations. In addition, governance or
economic rights of co-owners of renewable power investments and failures or limitations of physical operating assets
may adversely affect the overall performance of investments, and investments may be subject to laws and regulations
governing the health and safety of workers, the violation of which may result in potential fines and civil and/or criminal
actions.
Regulatory Restrictions Applicable to Renewable Power Investments—Renewable power projects are subject to
numerous environmental, health and safety laws, regulations, guidelines, policies, directives, government approvals,
permit requirements and other requirements which may make the operation of such projects costly and less profitable.
Risks Relating to Co-Ownership Arrangements—An Advisory Account may enter into a joint ownership structure with
the developer of a renewable energy project, and may have a lesser degree of control over the business operations of a
project than if the Advisory Account were the sole owner, which could result in an increase in the financial, legal,
operational or compliance risks associated with the project and have an adverse effect on the performance of the
project and the Advisory Account.
Risks Relating to Development Support Arrangements—In connection with the implementation of a renewable energy
strategy, an Advisory Account may enter into certain development support arrangements, including extending credit in
the form of loans or equity support, with developers of renewable power projects, which presents a number of
significant risks, including the risk that the developer or a project may default on their obligations to the Advisory
Account, and the Advisory Account may have limited recourse against the developer or the project.
Risks Relating to the Renewable Energy Market—The renewable energy market is at a relatively early stage of
development and may fail to fully develop. The renewable energy market is also subject to a high degree of
uncertainty as a result of potential tax, regulatory and technological changes, and is highly competitive. These market
characteristics may limit demand for and availability of renewable energy projects and may increase costs associated
with such projects.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO ENERGY STORAGE INVESTMENTS
Certain Risks Relating to Customers of Energy Storage Investments—The energy storage industry is an emerging
industry, and broad acceptance of the energy storage systems’ services is subject to a high level of uncertainty and risk.
Intense competition for customers and slower-than-anticipated market development in the energy storage industry
may adversely affect an Advisory Account’s energy storage investment. In addition, if customers are unwilling or
unable to fulfill their contractual obligations to an energy storage investment, or if they otherwise terminate such
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contracts prior to their expiration, an energy storage investment may not be able to recover contractual payments and
commitments due to it.
Cost and Availability of Raw Materials—Energy storage investments are subject to risk from fluctuating market prices
of, and the limited availability of, the commodity raw materials that are used in batteries. Significant price changes for
these raw materials could increase costs and reduce operating margins, and could harm an investment’s business,
financial condition, and results in operations. In addition, countries in which the raw materials are sourced, or may be
sourced in the future, may be subject to new or additional trade restrictions imposed by the United States or other
foreign governments, which may increase the cost or reduce or delay the supply of components and available
materials, which may adversely affect energy storage investments.
Operational Risks of Energy Storage Investments—The risks associated with ownership and operation of energy storage
projects include, among others, the failure of equipment, catastrophic events (including natural disasters) that could
destroy an investment, unforeseen increases in operating and battery storage costs, the failure of counterparties or
service providers to perform their contractual obligations, design or manufacturing defects, costs relating to
compliance with, and changes to, land use, environmental or other regulatory requirements. In addition, certain
projects may require periodic modifications, upgrades and improvements, which may prove costly.
Risks Relating to Evolving Technology—New or improved battery-storage technologies may develop in the future,
potentially rendering existing technologies less efficient or obsolete. If an energy storage investment’s competitors are
able to take advantage of new and better technologies or better batteries, and thus offer more efficient and less costly
services to customers, an Advisory Account’s investment will be negatively impacted.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO TECHNOLOGY COMPANY INVESTMENTS
Risks Relating to Concentrated Focus on the Technology Industry—Advisory Accounts may concentrate investments in
the technology industry or whose business models rely on or are enabled by technology (“Technology Companies”),
and as a result the performance of any such Advisory Accounts will be tied to economic and market conditions directly
or indirectly affecting the technology industry.
Risks Relating to Investing in AI and Machine Learning—Investments in Technology Companies that utilize AI and
machine learning technologies (“AI Technologies”) pose risks for Advisory Accounts. AI algorithms used by Technology
Companies may be flawed and the datasets on which such algorithms are trained may be insufficient, raise privacy
concerns, or contain biased information. This could undermine the decisions, predictions or analysis that AI
Technologies produce, subjecting Technology Companies that use AI Technologies to competitive harm, legal liability,
regulatory action and brand or reputational harm. Legislative and regulatory focus on AI Technologies is increasing,
which could require significant changes to Technology Companies’ policies and practices, necessitating expenditure of
significant time, expense, and other resources. Any of the foregoing could have an adverse effect on Advisory Accounts
that invest in Technology Companies.
Risks of Technological Developments—The financial success of Technology Companies in which an Advisory Account
invests may depend, in part, on the ability of such issuers to continue to develop and implement services and solutions
that anticipate and respond to rapid and continuing changes in technology, society and regulation. Any failure by such
issuers to do so could adversely affect their ability to compete, their market share, or their results of operations, which
may adversely affect Advisory Accounts.
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Risks Related to Intellectual Property—Technology Companies tend to be highly dependent upon intellectual property.
Technology Companies may incur substantial costs to license, develop, maintain and protect intellectual property,
including litigation to enforce intellectual property rights and defend against intellectual property violation claims from
other companies. If the intellectual property on which a Technology Company relies becomes obsolete or unavailable
to it, including due to prohibitively expensive licensing fees or a finding that they have violated other companies’
intellectual property rights, the value of the Technology Company could be materially impaired, and the Advisory
Accounts could incur losses.
Risks Relating to Regulation—Technology Companies are subject to numerous U.S. and non-U.S. regulations, including
with respect to privacy and restrictions on exporting certain technologies. In addition, there has been significant public
discussion about subjecting Technology Companies to additional regulation, including in the areas of privacy, tax
compliance and political activity. Any additional restrictions could adversely affect Advisory Accounts’ investments in
Technology Companies.
Risks Relating to Software Code Protection—Source code is often critical to Technology Companies, and if an
unauthorized disclosure of a significant portion of source code occurs, a Technology Company could potentially lose
future trade secret protection for that source code.
Valuation of Certain Technology Companies—Certain private Technology Companies, including companies providing
services delivered via or related to the internet, recently have been accorded very favorable market valuations,
however there can be no assurance that such businesses will continue to be afforded such valuations.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO GROWTH EQUITY INVESTMENTS
Growth Equity Transactions—While growth-equity investments offer the opportunity for significant capital gains, such
investments may involve a higher degree of business and financial risk that can result in substantial or total loss,
including as a result of substantial capital needs and intense competition from more established companies with
greater resources.
Early-Stage Investments—Companies that are in a conceptual or early-stage of development are often characterized by
short operating histories, new technologies and products, quickly evolving markets and management teams that may
have limited experience working together, all of which enhance the difficulty of evaluating investment opportunities in
such companies.
Investments in Junior Securities—Securities of companies that have already received one or more rounds of financing
may be among the most junior in a portfolio company’s capital structure, subjecting Advisory Accounts that invest in
such securities to a greater risk of loss.
Later Stage Investments—Companies in a later-stage of development typically have obtained capital in the form of
debt and/or equity to expand rapidly, reorganize operations, acquire a business or develop new products and markets.
These activities involve a significant amount of change, which can give rise to problems in sales, manufacturing and
general management of business activities.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO INVESTMENTS IN OPPORTUNITY ZONES
Changes in Legislation Relating to Qualified Opportunity Zones (“QOZs”)—Additional legislation or administrative
guidance (including, without limitation, changes to applicable tax rates or census tracts designated as QOZs) may cause
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an Advisory Account to fail to qualify as a QOF or to fail to provide investors with the anticipated tax benefits of the
QOF program, and there may be no remedies that GSAM will be able to undertake in order to qualify such Advisory
Account to receive such benefits.
Economic Risks of Investing in Opportunity Zones—Investments in certain census tracts (generally low-income urban,
suburban or rural communities) that have been designated as QOZs are subject to the risk that the anticipated
economic growth may not materialize, and there can be no assurance that an Advisory Account will achieve the
intended tax or investment objectives.
Uncertainty of and Compliance with QOZ Rules—Certain Advisory Accounts are formed for the purpose of qualifying as
a QOF; however, no assurance can be provided that such Advisory Accounts will so qualify or that, even if they qualify,
any or all of the tax benefits available to qualified opportunity funds will be available to any particular investor.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO CERTAIN JAPANESE ACQUISITION STRUCTURES
Risks Related to TK Structures—GSAM may structure certain acquisitions of Japanese investments through a special
purpose acquisition structure known as the tokumei kumiai (“TK”) structure. If an Advisory Account is deemed to be
directly or indirectly involved in the management or operation of the TK, such Advisory Account may be directly or
indirectly subject to full Japanese national and local taxes and the underlying investors may be required to file Japanese
income tax returns.
Risks Related to TMK Structures—GSAM may also structure certain acquisitions of Japanese investments through a
tokutei mokuteki kaisha (“TMK”), a special purpose vehicle more than 50% of each class and each type of the equity
interests of which (with certain exceptions) must be offered in Japan. If the offering of a TMK fails, or is determined by
the Japanese tax authorities to fail to satisfy the TMK’s dividend deductibility requirements, a TMK otherwise fails to
satisfy the dividend deductibility requirements, or its taxable income exceeds dividends paid, then the applicable
Advisory Account will suffer adverse tax consequences.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO INVESTMENTS IN VIRTUAL CURRENCIES
One or more Advisers may invest in virtual or “crypto” currencies and other similar digital assets, including through the
use of virtual currency derivatives, ETFs and options and through private funds that invest in such assets or exchange-
traded products that have direct exposure to bitcoin or other virtual currencies (collectively, “Virtual Currencies”).
Virtual Currencies are not legal tender in the United States. The price of a Virtual Currency could be highly volatile.
Virtual Currencies can be traded through privately negotiated transactions and through numerous Virtual Currency
exchanges around the world. Transactions in cryptocurrencies are irrevocable, and stolen or incorrectly transferred
cryptocurrency may be irretrievable. The lack of a centralized pricing source poses a variety of valuation challenges. In
addition, the dispersed liquidity may pose challenges for market participants trying to exit a position, particularly
during periods of stress. Virtual Currencies and related technologies are subject to various cybersecurity risks, such as
hacking vulnerabilities. The underlying or spot market poses asset verification challenges for market participants,
regulators and auditors and gives rise to an increased risk of manipulation, fraud, and misappropriation of customer
assets. In addition, the amounts of fees paid in connection with Virtual Currency transactions are subject to market
forces and it is possible that the fees could increase substantially during a period of stress.
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Virtual Currency exchanges, as well as other intermediaries, custodians and vendors used to facilitate Virtual Currency
transactions, are relatively new and largely unregulated in both the United States and many foreign jurisdictions.
Virtual Currency exchanges generally purchase Virtual Currencies for their own account on the public ledger and
allocate positions to customers through internal bookkeeping entries. A Virtual Currency exchange may not hold
sufficient Virtual Currencies and funds to satisfy its obligations and such deficiency may not be easily discovered. In
addition, many Virtual Currency exchanges may have a higher level of operational risk than regulated futures or
securities exchanges.
Virtual Currency exchanges are particularly susceptible to service interruptions or permanent cessation of operations
due to manipulation, fraud, misappropriation of assets, government or regulatory involvement, or other reasons.
Virtual Currencies have also been associated with illicit activities, in part due to their pseudo-anonymous nature. In
addition, multiple Virtual Currency platforms have commenced bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, in large part
because the platforms did not have sufficient funds or Virtual Currencies available to satisfy the claims and
entitlements of their customer and account holders. These events negatively affected the price of Virtual Currencies as
well as products linked to Virtual Currencies generally and caused reputational harm to the Virtual Currency industry as
a whole. To the extent that similar developments occur in the future, the value of customers’ Virtual Currency could be
negatively impacted.
As noted above, Virtual Currency pricing may be highly volatile, and Virtual Currencies have in the past, and could in
the future, experience outages during periods of severe stress. Media headlines, tweets, or celebrity opinions can
significantly influence Virtual Currency pricing, given the speculative nature of cryptocurrency. With respect to a Virtual
Currency that is a virtual currency derivative, since the initial margin for the Virtual Currency may be set as a
percentage of the value of a particular contract, margin requirements for long positions can increase if the price of the
contract rises. In addition, certain futures commission merchants may impose restrictions on customer trading activity
in virtual currency derivatives, including by requiring additional margin, imposing position limits, prohibiting naked
shorting and prohibiting give-in transactions. The rules of certain designated contract markets impose trading halts that
may restrict a market participant's ability to exit a position during a period of high volatility.
Virtual Currencies currently face an uncertain regulatory landscape in the United States and many foreign jurisdictions.
In the United States, Virtual Currencies may be regulated both by federal regulators and one or more state regulatory
bodies. One or more jurisdictions may, in the future, adopt laws, regulations or directives that affect Virtual Currency
networks and their users. Furthermore, the relatively new and rapidly evolving technology underlying Virtual
Currencies introduces unique risks. Tax considerations may vary across global jurisdictions and could increase,
rendering ownership of Virtual Currencies subject to more punitive taxation in the future.
RISKS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO TAX-MANAGED INVESTMENTS
This section briefly summarizes some of the important risks, including U.S. federal income tax consequences, that could
arise in connection with a tax-managed strategy (“TACS Strategy”). It does not address all tax rules, including state laws,
non-U.S. person regulations, and other rules applicable to certain types of clients or special circumstances.
Payment of Taxes—Clients will be responsible for payment of any and all taxes due as a result of transactions in an
account that pursues a TACS Strategy (a “TACS Account”).
Risks Relating to the TACS Strategy Generally—The strategy is designed for U.S. taxable clients to realize capital losses
(primarily short-term) and defer capital gains. If the strategy fails to meet these tax-aware objectives, the after-tax
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result could be worse than if the client had not enrolled in the strategy at all. Furthermore, implementing tax-aware
methodologies may introduce substantial non-tax economic costs, such as retaining securities with unrealized gains
that hinder the ability to align the portfolio with desired investment allocations. By intentionally triggering capital
losses and replacing sold securities, the average cost basis of the securities in the portfolio is reduced. This creates a
growing contingent future tax liability on unrealized gains. If the account is eventually liquidated, the client will
generally face immediate taxes on these realized gains. Unless otherwise agreed to in writing by GSAM, GSAM
manages TACS Accounts on a standalone basis and does not consider any other assets that a client owns (including in
other accounts managed by GSAM or its affiliates). Transactions in these outside accounts can trigger adverse tax
consequences under U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) wash sale, straddle, or constructive sale rules. In the
event of an unfavorable determination on an IRS tax audit, clients may be subject to additional taxation (including
interest and penalties) on a current or retroactive basis. Tax reporting of gains and losses on IRS Form 1099, and
associated tax basis reporting, will generally not reflect all of the consequences of straddles, wash sales, constructive
sales or the disqualification of dividends and it is incumbent on clients and their tax advisors to independently
recognize and account for such tax consequences. GSAM’s ability to utilize various tax-management techniques could
be curtailed or eliminated in the future by tax legislation, regulation or interpretations, each of which could have
retroactive effects and clients should consult their tax advisor.
Tax Straddles—Certain adverse tax consequences can apply when a taxpayer or a related party holds "offsetting
positions" (e.g., a stock and an offsetting option) that substantially diminish the risk of loss from holding one position
by reason of holding one or more other positions, including the suspension or elimination of realized losses, the
conversion of short-term losses into long-term losses, the resetting of holding periods to zero, and the disqualification
of dividends from preferential tax rates.
Wash Sales—Under the wash sale rules, the loss on the sale of a stock or security is disallowed and is instead added to
the basis of the replacement security. A client’s ability to use realized losses may be limited if a client invests in multiple
mandates that trade the same or substantially identical securities, and/or through accounts that are deemed to be
related under the relevant tax rules and regulations (“related accounts”). In certain instances, GSAM may intentionally
engage in wash sales when it believes that the trades are beneficial to do so. In addition, GSAM may be unable to avoid
wash sales in certain circumstances. To the extent that one or more Accounts are managed as related for tax purposes,
GSAM may limit or reduce trading across those Accounts in order to avoid wash sales which may result in less loss
harvesting for the Accounts. The rules apply to both long and short positions. GSAM is not responsible for identifying
wash sales across a client’s portfolio.
Constructive Sales—Under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, a client may be treated as recognizing
a gain (but not a loss) if they hold a position that economically offsets an appreciated position (e.g., a long position in a
TACS account and an offsetting short position in a different account).
Qualified Dividends—To receive preferential tax rates on dividends, a stock must be held for more than 60 days during
a specific 121-day window. Clients who hold a short position in the same or similar stock directly or in a related account
during this period can cause the dividend to fail to be qualified, causing it to be taxed at higher ordinary income rates.
Additional Risks Related to the TACS Strategy with Index Call Writing Account—The TACS Strategy with Index Call
Writing is a tax-advantaged equity buy-write strategy that aims to provide broad diversified exposure to US large cap
equities with systematic index call writing, while also generating tax deferral benefits through tax loss harvesting. The
TACS Strategy with Index Call Writing may create a straddle if the underlier of the call option(s) held in the Account is
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substantially similar to equity positions across the client’s investment portfolio, as those equity positions generally
could reduce the risk of loss on the call option(s). In addition to the risks described above, the TACS Strategy with Index
Call Writing is subject to certain other risks including use of options and margin, as further described below.
Risks of Writing Index Call Options—When a TACS Strategy with Index Call Writing Account writes (sells) index or
related ETF call options it foregoes the opportunity to benefit from an increase in the value of the relevant index
above the exercise price (plus the premium received) of the option, but the TACS Account continues to bear the
risk of a decline in the value of the relevant index. As the seller of the index call options, the TACS Account
receives cash (the “premium”) from the purchaser, which may not fully protect the TACS Account against
declines in the value of the market.
Margin Risk—The TACS Strategy with Index Call Writing will require that clients open a margin account. If a client
is required to post margin, and the securities in a margin account decline in value, the client’s broker dealer will
be required to take action, such as issue a margin call and/or sell securities or other assets in the client’s
accounts, in order to maintain the necessary margin in the account. The client’s broker dealer can force the sale
of securities or other assets in the client’s account in its own discretion and without regard to the performance
or tax implications of such a sale.
Additional Risks Related to the TACS Active Extension Strategy—The TACS Active Extension strategy is a tax aware
strategy that utilizes both short sales and margin loans in an effort to deliver outperformance relative to the market
while seeking to provide additional tax management opportunities relative to other tax aware strategies. In addition to
the risks described above, the TACS Active Extension Strategy is subject to certain other risks including short sale risk
and tax risk. See also “Leverage Risk” above.
Short Sale Risks—The TACS Active Extension Strategy will require that a broker dealer execute a short sale of
securities chosen by GSAM. If a client fails to deliver any securities sold in a long sale, the broker dealer (which
could be an affiliate of GSAM) will be authorized to borrow the necessary securities to enable the broker dealer to
make delivery. Clients are responsible for all costs, including borrowing fees and payments, while facing risks
related to leverage, counterparty insolvency and the potential for lenders to terminate loans unexpectedly.
Tax Risk—It is possible that the IRS could challenge the tax benefits associated with the TACS Active Extension
Strategy, in which case adverse tax consequences along with interest and penalties could apply. Clients should
consult their tax advisor.
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information
On November 22, 2022, GSAMLP entered into a settlement with the SEC regarding GSAMLP’s policies and procedures with
respect to environmental, social and governance investments. The SEC found that GSAMLP did not adopt written policies
and procedures governing the evaluation of ESG factors until sometime after two ESG mutual funds were introduced and a
socially-responsible separate account strategy was rebranded as ESG, and that, once such policies and procedures were
adopted, they were not consistently followed prior to February 2020. GSAMLP was censured and ordered to cease and
desist from violating Section 206(4) of the Advisers Act and Rule 206(4)-7 promulgated thereunder. GSAMLP agreed to pay
a penalty of $4 million.
In the ordinary course of their business, the Registrants and their management persons, as well as Goldman Sachs, Advisory
Accounts, and/or other Goldman Sachs personnel, have in the past been, and may in the future be, subject to periodic
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audits, examinations, claims, litigation, formal and informal regulatory or other inquiries, requests for information,
subpoenas, employment-related matters, disputes, investigations, and other civil, legal or regulatory proceedings involving
the SEC, other regulatory authorities, or private parties. Such actions, investigations, litigation and claims have the
potential to result in findings, conclusions, settlements, charges or various forms of sanctions against the Registrants or
their management persons, as well as Goldman Sachs and other Goldman Sachs personnel, including fines, suspensions of
personnel, changes in policies, procedures or disclosure or other sanctions and may increase the exposure of the Advisory
Accounts, GSAM and Goldman Sachs to potential liabilities and to legal, compliance and other related costs. Such actions or
proceedings may involve claims of strict liability or similar risks against Advisory Accounts in certain jurisdictions or in
connection with certain types of activities.
Information about the Registrants’ investment management affiliates is contained in Part 1 of each Registrant’s Form ADV.
For information relating to other Goldman Sachs affiliates, please visit www.gs.com and refer to the public filings of The
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
BROKER-DEALER REGISTRATION
GS&Co. is a registered broker-dealer. Certain of GSAM’s management persons are registered representatives of GS&Co.
and act in such capacities if necessary or appropriate to perform their responsibilities.
COMMODITY POOL OPERATOR, COMMODITY TRADING ADVISOR, FUTURES COMMISSION MERCHANT REGISTRATION
Each of GSAMLP, GS&Co. and GSAMI is registered with the CFTC as a commodity pool operator (“CPO”) and a commodity
trading advisor (“CTA”), and GSAMS is registered with the CFTC as a CTA. GS&Co. is also registered with the CFTC as a
futures commission merchant. Each of GSAMLP, GSAMI and GSAMS is a registered swap firm with the National Futures
Association. In addition, certain of GSAM’s management persons are registered as associated persons and swap associated
persons, and act in such capacities to the extent necessary or appropriate to perform their responsibilities.
OTHER MATERIAL RELATIONSHIPS WITH AFFILIATED ENTITIES
In certain cases, GSAM uses, suggests and recommends its own services and those of affiliated Goldman Sachs entities and
business units. Fees paid in connection with such services, while believed to be customary compensation for relevant
activities, is not always negotiated and, from time to time, could be more or less than what a comparable third party might
charge. GSAM manages Advisory Accounts on behalf of certain affiliated Goldman Sachs entities, which creates potential
conflicts of interest related to GSAM’s determination to use, suggest or recommend the services of such entities or business
units. The particular services involved depends on the types of services offered by the affiliate or business unit. The
arrangements may involve sharing or joint compensation, or separate compensation, subject to the requirements of
applicable law. GSAM shares resources with or delegates certain of its trading, advisory and other activities for Advisory
Accounts to other businesses within Goldman Sachs and/or to GSAM’s affiliates and portfolio management functions may
be shared or moved between affiliated advisers. Particular relationships include, but are not limited to, those discussed
below. Goldman Sachs’ affiliates will retain any compensation when providing investment services to, or in connection with
investment activities of, Advisory Accounts, subject to applicable law. Compensation may take the form of referral
payments, commissions, markups, markdowns, service fees or other commission equivalents. Advisory Accounts are not
entitled to any such compensation retained by Goldman Sachs’ affiliates.
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Broker-Dealer; Derivatives Dealer
Subject to applicable law and client consent, in some circumstances GSAM uses, or suggests or recommends that advisory
clients use, the securities, futures execution, clearing, custody or other services offered by GSAM’s broker-dealer and other
affiliates. These affiliates include (but are not limited to) GS&Co., Goldman Sachs International (“GSI”), Goldman Sachs
(Asia) Securities Limited, Goldman Sachs Japan Co., Ltd., and Goldman Sachs Saudi Arabia. Clients pay for broker-dealer or
other services performed by GSAM’s affiliates in addition to the advisory fee paid to GSAM.
For accounts offered through PWM but managed by GSAM, transactions are executed according to GSAM’s policies and
procedures regarding execution of trades. In addition, the broker-dealer affiliates that provide custodial services may
benefit from the use of free credit balances (i.e., cash) in advisory clients’ accounts, subject to the limitation set forth in SEC
Rule 15c3-3 under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”). Free credit balances are payable
to clients on demand. If negative interest rates apply, clients will be charged a fee in connection with such free credit
balances.
GSAM receives record keeping, administrative and support services from its broker-dealer affiliates. GSAM also obtains
research ideas, analyses, reports and other services (including distribution services) from broker-dealer affiliates. As
described in Item 12, Brokerage Practices, GSAM pays affiliates for brokerage and research services that assist GSAM in the
investment decision-making process with “soft” or commission dollars in certain circumstances. As permitted by applicable
law, GSAM may receive these services in lieu of the affiliates reducing the commissions or fees they charge an Advisory
Account, and these services may or may not be used to benefit the Advisory Account.
Subject to client consent to the extent required by applicable law, in certain circumstances GSAM enters into principal
transactions, including over-the-counter derivatives transactions, for clients with its affiliates, including GS&Co., GSI and
other affiliates of GSAM. GSAM’s affiliates will earn mark-ups, mark-downs, spreads, financing fees and other charges that
may be embedded in the cost of the derivative. Clients will pay these charges in addition to the advisory fee paid to GSAM.
GSAM and its affiliates will likely share all or a portion of their charges and fees with each other and with their affiliates and
employees, including, in the case of PWM clients, with the client’s Private Wealth Advisor, which could create an incentive
to make execution decisions based on their interest in receiving a share of such charges and fees. For additional information
about principal trading, please see Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Accounts—Firm Policies, Regulatory Restrictions, and Certain Other Factors
Affecting Advisory Accounts.
In addition, Goldman Sachs has ownership interests in trading networks, securities or derivatives indices, trading tools and
settlement systems.
In addition, Goldman Sachs holds ownership interests in, and Goldman Sachs personnel sit on the boards of directors of,
centralized exchanges and trading platforms, electronic communication networks, alternative trading systems and other
similar execution or trading systems or venues (collectively, “ECNs/Trading Venues”). Goldman Sachs may be deemed to
control one or more of such ECNs/Trading Venues based on its levels of ownership and its representation on the board of
directors of such ECNs/Trading Venues. As of the date hereof, Goldman Sachs held ownership interests in the following
ECNs/Trading Venues: (i) Members Exchange (MEMX), (ii) Members Exchange Options (MEMX Options), (iii) PureStream,
(iv) GS Sigma X2, and (v) Marquee (GSCO). Goldman Sachs may acquire ownership interests in other ECNs/Trading Venues
(or increase ownership in the ECNs/Trading Venues listed above) in the future. Information regarding the ECNs/Trading
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Venues in which Goldman Sachs has an ownership interest, as well as the ECNs/Trading Venues used by GSAM, is updated
from time to time and is available at https://www.goldmansachs.com/disclosures/ecns-disclosure.html.
Consistent with its duty to seek best execution for the Advisory Accounts, GSAM, from time to time, directly or indirectly
through a broker-dealer, effects trades for Advisory Accounts through such ECNs/Trading Venues. In such cases, Goldman
Sachs receives an indirect economic benefit based upon its ownership interests in ECNs/Trading Venues. In addition,
Goldman Sachs receives fees, cash credits, rebates, discounts or other benefits from ECNs/Trading Venues to which it, as
broker, routes order flow based on the aggregate trading volume generated by Goldman Sachs (including volume not
associated with client orders) and the type of order flow routed and certain ECNs/Trading Venues, such as many exchanges,
provide rebates or charge fees based on whether routed orders contribute to, or extract liquidity from, the ECN/Trading
Venue. Discounts or rebates received by Goldman Sachs from an ECN/Trading Venue during any time period could differ
and could exceed the fees paid by Goldman Sachs to the ECN/Trading Venue during that time period. The amount of such
discounts or rebates varies. Further, the U.S. listed options exchanges sponsor marketing fee programs through which
registered market-makers receive payments from the exchanges based upon their market making status and/or as a result
of their designation as a “preferenced” market maker by an exchange member with respect to certain options orders.
GS&Co. may receive payments from “preferenced” registered market makers related to these exchange-sponsored
marketing fee programs. The amount of such payments varies. GSAM will effect trades for an Advisory Account through
such ECNs/Trading Venues only if GSAM (or the broker-dealer through which GSAM is accessing the ECN/Trading Venue)
reasonably believes that such trades are in the best interest of the Advisory Account and that the requirements of
applicable law have been satisfied. As discussed in further detail in Item 12, Brokerage Practices, GSAM executes
transactions with Goldman Sachs or unaffiliated broker-dealers in accordance with its best execution policies and
procedures.
In the event assets of an Advisory Account are treated as “plan assets” subject to the U.S. Employee Retirement Income
Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), the use of ECNs/Trading Venues to execute trades on behalf of such Advisory Account may,
absent an exemption, be treated as a prohibited transaction under ERISA. However, GSAM effects trades through
ECNs/Trading Venues provided that such trades are executed in accordance with the exemption under Section 408(b)(16)
of ERISA. In addition, GSAM is required to obtain authorization from any Advisory Account whose assets are treated as
“plan assets” in order to execute transactions on behalf of such Advisory Account using an ECN/Trading Venue in which
Goldman Sachs has an ownership interest. Furthermore, there may be limitations or restrictions placed on the use of
ECNs/Trading Venues (including, without limitation, for purposes of complying with law and otherwise).
Through GSAM’s trading on or membership to various trading platforms or venues, or interactions with certain service
providers (including depositaries and messaging platforms), GSAM and its affiliates, in certain cases, receive interests,
shares, or other economic benefits from such service providers.
Investment Companies and Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
GSAM and certain of its affiliates act in an advisory or sub-advisory capacity with respect to separately managed accounts
and private investment funds and in other capacities, including as trustee, managing member, adviser, administrator and/or
distributor, to a variety of U.S. and non-U.S. investment companies (including separate accounts underlying variable life
insurance policies and variable annuity contracts that are structured as registered investment companies) as well as other
pooled investment vehicles including collective trusts, exchange-traded funds, closed-end funds, business development
companies and private investment funds. Such advisory, sub-advisory, or other relationships may be with affiliated entities
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or with institutions that are not part of Goldman Sachs. Certain GSAM Personnel are also directors, trustees and/or officers
of these investment companies and other pooled investment vehicles. GSAM and its affiliates, in their capacities as advisers
or sub-advisers to these entities, will receive management or advisory fees. Although such fees are generally paid by the
entities, the costs are ultimately borne by their investors. These fees will be in addition to any advisory fees or other fees
agreed between the investors in their capacities as clients and GSAM and its affiliates for investment advisory, brokerage or
other services.
Business Development Companies and Registered Investment Companies
As further described above in Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management—Co-Investment
Opportunities—Co-Investments by Certain Advisory Accounts, GSAM has formed, and expects to form, one or more
additional GS RICs that co-invest with other Advisory Accounts. The relationship between the GS RICs and other Advisory
Accounts creates certain conflicts of interest. For example, the GS RICs will invest alongside certain Advisory Accounts in
certain investments, which will reduce the portion of each investment that would otherwise have been allocated to such
Advisory Accounts. In addition, the GS RICs are subject to certain regulatory and other considerations that constrain their
operations. In turn, this could have an impact on Advisory Accounts that co-invest alongside the GS RICs, including with
respect to the structuring, terms, consummation and disposition of Advisory Account investments. Furthermore, co-
investments alongside GS RICs will be subject to relevant provisions of the Investment Company Act. GSAM has obtained
exemptive relief from certain of these provisions via an exemptive order that permits certain GS RICs to engage in certain
types of co-investments with affiliates, including certain Advisory Accounts. On May 21, 2025, the SEC granted an
exemptive order to GSAMLP, the GS RICs advised by GSAMLP and certain other affiliated applicants, which superseded the
prior co-investment exemptive relief received on November 16, 2022, as amended on June 25, 2024.
Other Investment Advisers
The Registrants have investment advisory affiliates in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, China, England, Germany, Hong Kong, India,
Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, The Netherlands, and the United States.
These affiliates include: Goldman Sachs Asset Management Australia Pty Ltd., Goldman Sachs Asset Management Brasil
Ltda., GS Investment Strategies Canada Inc., Goldman Sachs Asset Management (India) Private Limited, Goldman Sachs
Services Private Limited, Goldman Sachs (India) Securities Private Limited, Goldman Sachs (Asia) L.L.C., Goldman Sachs
(Russia), Goldman Sachs Do Brasil Banco Multiplo S/A, Goldman Sachs Saudi Arabia, Goldman Sachs (Singapore) Pte.,
GS&Co., Goldman Sachs Wealth Services, L.P. (“Goldman Sachs Wealth Services”), GSI, Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Fund Services Limited, Goldman Sachs Japan Co., Ltd., Goldman Sachs Global Services II Limited, Goldman Sachs Bank USA,
Beijing Goldman Sachs Consulting Co., Ltd., Goldman Sachs Paris Inc. Et Cie, Goldman Sachs Services (Hong Kong) Limited,
Goldman Sachs Bank Europe (GSBE), Goldman Sachs Bank Zurich (GSBZ), Goldman Sachs Australia Pty Ltd, GS Realty
Management EUR GmbH, Goldman Sachs Saudi Arabia-Riyadh, Goldman Sachs Asset Management B.V., Goldman Sachs
Asset Management Belgium S.A., and Goldman Sachs Towarzystwo Funduszy Inwestycyjnych S.A.
Among the Registrants’ investment advisory affiliates, GS&Co. and Goldman Sachs Wealth Services and are registered with
the SEC as investment advisers. Goldman Sachs do Brasil Banco Multiplo S.A., Goldman Sachs Asset Management (India)
Private Limited, Goldman Sachs Services Private Limited, GS Investment Strategies Canada Inc., Goldman Sachs (Asia) L.L.C.,
Goldman Sachs (India) Securities Private Limited, Goldman Sachs Japan Co., Ltd., Beijing Goldman Sachs Consulting Co., Ltd.,
Goldman Sachs Australia Services Pty Ltd, Goldman Sachs Saudi Arabia-Riyadh, and Goldman Sachs Asset Management B.V.
are not registered with the SEC as investment advisers but are non-U.S. affiliated advisers that in certain cases provide
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advice or research to the Registrants for use with the Registrants’ U.S. clients (in such capacity, “Participating Affiliates”).
From time to time, GSAM could enter into new participating affiliate relationships, or terminate existing participating
affiliate relationships. The Participating Affiliates act according to a series of SEC no-action relief letters mandating that
Participating Affiliates remain subject to the regulatory supervision of both the Registrants and the SEC. The Registrants
have or intend to have co-advisory or sub-advisory relationships with affiliates, and/or participating affiliate relationships
with certain of these Participating Affiliates.
The Registrants, in their discretion, in certain circumstances delegate all or a portion of their advisory or other functions
(including placing trades on behalf of Advisory Accounts) to certain affiliates that are registered with the SEC as investment
advisers or to certain Participating Affiliates or to any of their non-U.S. affiliated advisers. GSAM may also move or share
portfolio management between affiliated advisers. This might include the movement of portfolio managers from GSAM to
an affiliated adviser or the transfer of management of the portfolio to a management team within an affiliated adviser.
Clients will be notified of any such movements or transfers of portfolio management in advance. To the extent the
Registrants delegate advisory or other functions to affiliates that are registered with the SEC as investment advisers, a copy
of the brochure of each such affiliate is available on the SEC’s website (www.adviserinfo.sec.gov) and will be provided to
clients or prospective clients upon request. Certain services are performed for affiliates by employees of the Registrants
who are also employees of such affiliates or through delegation or other arrangements. Clients that want more information
about any of these affiliates should contact the applicable Registrant.
In addition, the Registrants participate in sub-advisory, co-advisory or other joint projects related to pooled investment
vehicles with institutions that are not a part of Goldman Sachs.
Financial Planner
GSAM’s affiliate, Goldman Sachs Wealth Services, provides financial planning services, investment management, financial
education and other services to publicly traded companies and privately held firms and their respective executives and
employees, high net worth individuals, and affinity and membership organizations or community-based and charitable
organizations and their respective members and participants. Goldman Sachs Wealth Services’ personnel recommend
GSAM’s investment advisory services to its clients and receive fees from GSAM in certain circumstances.
Futures Commission Merchant, Commodity Pool Operator, Commodity Trading Adviser
Certain Registrants and affiliates are registered with the CFTC as a futures commission merchant, CPO, CTA and/or swap
dealer. These firms include: GS&Co., GSAMLP, GSAMI, and GSAMS. If permitted by law and applicable regulations, GSAM
buys, sells, and/or clears futures and swaps on behalf of certain clients through its CFTC-registered affiliates and these
affiliates receive commissions in connection with such transactions. GSAM also utilizes the services of these affiliates in
connection with foreign exchange transactions for certain Advisory Accounts.
Bank or Thrift Institution
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is a financial holding company and a bank holding company registered with the Board of
Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”) under the BHCA. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is
subject to supervision and regulation by the Federal Reserve.
GSAM also has relationships with The Goldman Sachs Trust Company, N.A., a national bank limited to fiduciary activities
(“GSTC”) and The Goldman Sachs Trust Company of Delaware (“GSTD”), a Delaware limited purpose trust company. GSTC
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and GSTD provide personal trust and estate administration and related services to certain of GS&Co.’s clients. GSAM and its
affiliates provide a variety of services to GSTC and GSTD, including investment advisory, sub-advisory, brokerage,
distribution, marketing, operational, infrastructure, financial, auditing, and administrative services. GSAM and its affiliates
receive fees from GSTC and GSTD according to the fee schedules agreed between the parties in arm’s length service
agreements. GSTC also maintains collective investment funds for eligible pension and profit sharing clients. GSTC has
appointed GSAM as investment adviser for the collective investment funds, subject to the supervision and control of GSTC.
Certain personnel of GSAM and GSAM’s affiliates have been cross-designated as officers of GSTC.
Sponsor or Syndicator of Limited Partnerships
GSAM and its affiliates establish unregistered privately-placed vehicles and distribute securities issued by such vehicles.
GSAM and its affiliates generally receive fees in connection therewith.
Real Estate Operating Platforms
GSAM Private has established or acquired, and may in the future establish or acquire, one or more Real Estate Operating
Platforms to service Advisory Account real estate assets. Certain of such Real Estate Operating Platforms are, and future Real
Estate Operating Platforms may be, owned by Goldman Sachs and/or certain Advisory Accounts. Certain Real Estate Operating
Platforms will receive payment in the form of a service charge from Advisory Accounts and any Goldman Sachs entities that
own assets being serviced by such Real Estate Operating Platform based on the relative values of the assets of each party being
serviced (and not based on the actual cost of the services being provided), or payment based on market rates or on the basis
of cost plus a margin determined by third-party transfer pricing analysis. For the avoidance of doubt, no payments received
by a Real Estate Operating Platform from an Advisory Account or its subsidiaries will offset the management fee payable by
the Advisory Account to Goldman Sachs.
Broad Street Luxembourg
Broad Street Luxembourg S.à r.l., an entity formed by GSAM Private, provides corporate secretarial services and maintains
the statutory financial accounts of certain Advisory Accounts and Luxembourg-based investment holding entities in which
Goldman Sachs and/or one or more Advisory Accounts have direct or indirect ownership interests. These Advisory
Accounts bear the associated expenses of Broad Street Luxembourg S.à r.l. (which do not offset the management fees
payable by such Advisory Accounts).
Management Persons; Policies and Procedures
Certain of GSAM’s management persons also hold positions with the affiliates listed above. In these positions, those
management persons of GSAM have certain responsibilities with respect to the business of these affiliates and the
compensation of these management persons may be based, in part, upon the profitability of these affiliates. Consequently,
in carrying out their roles at GSAM and these other entities, the management persons of GSAM are subject to the same or
similar potential conflicts of interest that exist between GSAM and these affiliates.
GSAM has established a variety of restrictions, policies, procedures, and disclosures designed to address potential conflicts
that arise between GSAM, its management persons and its affiliates. These policies and procedures include: information
barriers designed to prevent the flow of information between GSAM Public and GSAM Private, personnel of GSAM Public
and GSAM Private, and between GSAM and certain other affiliates; policies and procedures relating to brokerage selection,
trading with affiliates or investing in products managed or sponsored by affiliates; and allocation and trade sequencing
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policies applicable to Accounts. No assurance can be made that any of GSAM’s current policies and procedures, or any
policies and procedures that are established by GSAM in the future, will have their desired effect. Additional information
about these conflicts and the policies and procedures designed to address them is available in Item 11, Code of Ethics,
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading.
Affiliated Indexes
GSAM and its affiliates have in the past, and may in the future, develop, co-develop, own and operate stock market and
other indexes (each, an “Index”) based on investment and trading strategies and concepts developed by GSAM or its
affiliates or co-developed by GSAM or its affiliates and a third party (“GSAM Strategies”). GSAM has entered into, and may
in the future enter into, a revenue sharing arrangement with a third party co-developer of an Index pursuant to which
GSAM receives a portion of the fees generated from licensing the right to use the Index or components thereof to third
parties. Some of the ETFs for which GSAM or its affiliates act as investment adviser (the “GSAM ETFs”) seek to track the
performance of the Indexes. GSAM, from time to time, manages Advisory Accounts that invest in these GSAM ETFs which
may, individually or in the aggregate, own a substantial amount of the GSAM ETFs. Further, GSAM, its affiliates, or another
entity (i.e., a seed investor) may invest in the GSAM ETFs at or near the establishment of such GSAM ETFs, which may
facilitate the GSAM ETFs achieving a specified size or scale. GSAM and/or its affiliates may make payments to an investor
that contributes seed capital to a GSAM ETF. Such payments may continue for a specified period of time and/or until a
specified dollar amount is reached, and will be made from the assets of GSAM and/or such affiliates (and not the applicable
GSAM ETF). Seed investors may contribute all or a majority of the assets in a GSAM ETF. There is a risk that such seed
investors may redeem their investments in the GSAM ETF, particularly after payments from GSAM and/or its affiliates have
ceased. Such redemptions could have a significant negative impact on the GSAM ETF, including on its liquidity and the
market price of its shares.
GSAM manages Advisory Accounts which track the same Indexes used by the GSAM ETFs or which are based on the same,
or substantially similar, GSAM Strategies that are used in the operation of the Indexes and the GSAM ETFs. The operation of
the Indexes, the GSAM ETFs and Advisory Accounts in this manner gives rise to potential conflicts of interest. For example,
Advisory Accounts that track the same Indexes used by the GSAM ETFs may engage in purchases and sales of securities
prior to when the Index and the GSAM ETFs engage in similar transactions because such Advisory Accounts may be
managed and rebalanced on an ongoing basis, whereas the GSAM ETFs’ portfolios are only rebalanced on a periodic basis
corresponding with the rebalancing of the Index. These differences may result in the Advisory Accounts having more
favorable performance relative to that of the Index and the GSAM ETFs or other Advisory Accounts that track the Index.
Other potential risks and conflicts include the potential for unauthorized access to Index information, allowing Index
changes that benefit GSAM or other Advisory Accounts and not the investors in the GSAM ETFs, and the manipulation of
Index pricing to present the performance of GSAM ETFs, or tracking ability, in a preferential light.
GSAM has adopted policies and procedures that are designed to address potential conflicts that arise in connection with
GSAM’s operation of the Indexes, the GSAM ETFs and the Advisory Accounts. GSAM has established certain information
barriers and other policies to address the sharing of information between different businesses within GSAM, including with
respect to personnel responsible for maintaining the Indexes and those involved in decision-making for the ETFs. In
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addition, as described in Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading, GSAM
has adopted a code of ethics.
To the extent it is intended that an Advisory Account track an Index, the Advisory Account may not match, and may vary
substantially from, the Index for any period of time. An Advisory Account that tracks an Index may purchase, hold and sell
securities at times when a non-Index fund would not do so. GSAM does not guarantee that any tracking error targets will be
achieved. Advisory Accounts tracking an Index may be negatively impacted by any errors in the Index, either as a result of
calculation errors, inaccurate data sources or otherwise. GSAM does not guarantee the availability, timeliness, accuracy
and/or completeness of an Index and GSAM is not responsible for errors, omissions or interruptions in the Index (including
when GSAM or an affiliate acts as the Index provider) or the calculation thereof (including when GSAM or an affiliate acts as
the calculation agent).
GSAM publishes index constituent data reflecting a hypothetical indication of the weighting and holdings of the Indexes on
a daily basis. Given that such information, if published, is only a hypothetical indication of what the weightings and
constituents would be if each Index were rebalanced on a daily basis, the hypothetical indications may differ substantially
from the constituents at the next actual rebalance of the Index.
Growth Through Acquisitions
GSAM intends to grow organically, as well as inorganically, through acquisitions. In the future, GSAM may acquire advisers
and/or their business lines that may further expand the depth and breadth of its advisory business.
CONFLICTS RELATING TO RELATIONSHIPS WITH UNAFFILIATED ADVISERS
GSAM allocates certain Advisory Account assets to, or recommends, one or more Unaffiliated Advisers, directly or
indirectly, through, among other means, discretionary managed accounts (including Wrap Program Advisory Accounts) or
Underlying Funds. The interests and business relationships of Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) and its personnel create
potential conflicts in the selection or recommendation of Unaffiliated Advisers for, or the determination to increase
allocations of assets to or withdraw assets from Unaffiliated Advisers on behalf of, Advisory Accounts.
Conflicts with respect to such determinations arise because Goldman Sachs derives benefits from certain decisions made in
respect of Unaffiliated Advisers. It is expected that Goldman Sachs will receive various forms of compensation, fees,
commissions, payments, rebates, remuneration, services or other benefits (including benefits relating to investment and
business relationships of Goldman Sachs) from Unaffiliated Advisers to which Advisory Accounts allocate assets, including
for providing a variety of products and services (such as prime brokerage and research services) to such Unaffiliated
Advisers. GSAM is incentivized to allocate assets to, and refrain from withdrawing assets from, Unaffiliated Advisers that
are themselves (or whose principals or employees are) Advisory Account clients or in respect of which GSAM receives fees
or other compensation. GSAM is also incentivized to allocate assets to, and refrain from withdrawing assets from,
Unaffiliated Advisers for whom Goldman Sachs acts as prime broker or futures commission merchant, or to whom Goldman
Sachs provides brokerage, custody or other services and research because of such relationships, including because
payments to Goldman Sachs in respect of such activities and services will generally increase as the size of the assets that
the Unaffiliated Adviser manages increases. Goldman Sachs may also benefit as a result of ownership or other interests of
Goldman Sachs or Advisory Accounts in Unaffiliated Advisers or their businesses.
Subject to applicable law, the amount of compensation, fees, commissions, payments, rebates, remuneration, services or
other benefits to Goldman Sachs, or the value of Goldman Sachs’ interests in the Unaffiliated Advisers or their businesses,
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varies by Unaffiliated Adviser and will generally be greater if GSAM selects such Unaffiliated Advisers than they would be if
GSAM selects other Advisers that might also be appropriate for the Advisory Accounts, as further described below.
In addition, as a major participant in global financial markets providing a wide range of financial services, Goldman Sachs
provides various services or has business dealings, arrangements or agreements with affiliates and portfolio companies of
Unaffiliated Advisers. GSAM will face potential conflicts in making determinations as to whether one or more Advisory
Accounts should invest or withdraw funds from Unaffiliated Advisers (or Underlying Funds they manage or advise) with
which GSAM or Goldman Sachs has such relationships, and whether GSAM should remove a particular Unaffiliated Adviser
from GSAM’s approved list of Unaffiliated Advisers. In certain cases, Goldman Sachs, Advisory Accounts or other Accounts
have equity, profits or other interests in Unaffiliated Advisers or have entered into arrangements with such Unaffiliated
Advisers in which such Unaffiliated Advisers would share with Goldman Sachs, an Advisory Account or other Account a
material portion of its fees or allocations. Such revenue sharing arrangements exist in situations that include, without
limitation, where Unaffiliated Advisers earn fees as a result of the allocation of Advisory Account assets to such Unaffiliated
Advisers or where such Unaffiliated Advisers manage an External Product that invests in Affiliated Products. Payments to
Goldman Sachs (either directly from such Unaffiliated Advisers (or Underlying Funds they manage or advise) or in the form
of fees or allocations payable by Advisory Accounts or other Accounts) will generally increase as the amount of assets that
such Unaffiliated Advisers manage increases. Therefore, investment by Advisory Accounts with such Unaffiliated Advisers
(or Underlying Funds they manage or advise) where Goldman Sachs, Advisory Accounts or other Accounts have a fee and/or
profit sharing arrangement or other interest in the equity or profits of such Unaffiliated Advisers generally results in
additional revenues to Goldman Sachs and its personnel. The relationship that Goldman Sachs, Advisory Accounts and
other Accounts have with such Unaffiliated Advisers (or their portfolio companies or affiliates) generally also results in
GSAM being incentivized to increase Advisory Accounts’ investments with such Unaffiliated Advisers or to retain their
investments with such Unaffiliated Advisers (or Underlying Funds they manage or advise). Except to the extent required by
applicable law, GSAM will not account to a client for, or offset any compensation received by Goldman Sachs against, fees
and expenses the client otherwise owes Goldman Sachs.
In addition, in certain cases, an Advisory Account, including Advisory Accounts such as Seeding Funds that engage in seeding
transactions relating to the start-up of Unaffiliated Advisers, obtains fees or investment terms with an Unaffiliated Adviser
that benefit Goldman Sachs and other Accounts, which may result in the applicable Advisory Account receiving terms that
are not as favorable to such Advisory Account as those it could have obtained for itself had benefits for Goldman Sachs and
such other Accounts not been obtained. The Advisory Account and Goldman Sachs or such other Accounts may negotiate
fees, investment terms or Profits Interests with an Unaffiliated Adviser on a collective basis and such fees, investment terms
or Profits Interests may not be as favorable to the Advisory Account as those it could have obtained had it negotiated with
the Unaffiliated Adviser by itself. Goldman Sachs or another Account may also negotiate better fees, investment terms,
Profits Interests or other favorable arrangements with an Unaffiliated Adviser and an Advisory Account may not receive the
benefit of such fees, terms, Profits Interests and arrangements.
From time to time, Goldman Sachs (including, without limitation, GSAM) receives notice of, or offers to participate in,
investment opportunities, including with respect to Profits Interests, from Unaffiliated Advisers, their affiliates or other
third parties. Such investment opportunities are offered to Goldman Sachs for various reasons, which include business
relationships with Unaffiliated Advisers or their affiliates or other reasons, including that one or more Advisory Accounts
have made investments with such Unaffiliated Advisers. Such opportunities will generally not be required to be allocated to
such Advisory Accounts unless the opportunities are received pursuant to contractual requirements, such as preemptive
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rights or rights offerings, under the terms of the Advisory Accounts’ investments with such Unaffiliated Advisers.
Investment (or continued investment) by particular Advisory Accounts with such Unaffiliated Advisers may result in
additional investment opportunities for Goldman Sachs or other Accounts. An Advisory Account will not be entitled to
compensation in connection with investments that are not allocated to such Advisory Account (or not fully allocated to such
Advisory Account) and are allocated to Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or other Accounts (including other Advisory
Accounts). For additional information regarding conflicts of interest arising in connection with Profits Interests, see “—
Conflicts Relating to Profits Interests” below.
Certain GSAM-managed funds that allocate assets to an Unaffiliated Adviser’s Underlying Funds or accounts do not pay
compensation to the Unaffiliated Advisers. Instead, the Unaffiliated Advisers are compensated by GSAM out of
compensation GSAM receives from the GSAM-managed funds. In such circumstances, any reduction in the compensation
payable to the Unaffiliated Advisers will inure to the benefit of GSAM, and not to the GSAM-managed funds or their
investors. This fee structure incentivizes GSAM to select Unaffiliated Advisers with lower compensation levels (including
Unaffiliated Advisers that discount their fees based on aggregate account size or other relationships) in order to increase
the net fee to GSAM, and not select other Advisers that might also be appropriate for the Advisory Accounts. Fee
breakpoints in an Advisory Account may also be affected by Goldman Sachs’ business relationships and the size of Accounts
other than the Advisory Account, and may directly or indirectly benefit Goldman Sachs and other Accounts. Advisory
Accounts will not be entitled to any compensation with respect to such benefits received by Goldman Sachs and other
Accounts.
As described above, certain Unaffiliated Advisers discount their fees based on aggregate account size, and permit GSAM to
aggregate the amount of assets allocated to such Unaffiliated Advisers across all Advisory Accounts within the same
strategy (including discretionary managed accounts, Wrap Program Advisory Accounts, and Underlying Funds) in order to
receive discounted fees. In general, this results in a reduction in compensation payable to the Unaffiliated Advisers by
Advisory Accounts. However, actions taken by GSAM on behalf of one or more of such Advisory Accounts could adversely
impact the other Advisory Accounts that invest with the same Unaffiliated Adviser. For example, in the event Goldman
Sachs causes one or more Advisory Accounts to reduce the amount of assets allocated to an Unaffiliated Adviser, the
remaining Advisory Accounts might no longer qualify for discounted fees in which case the compensation payable to such
Unaffiliated Adviser by such remaining Advisory Accounts would increase. On the other hand, causing a new Advisory
Account to invest with an Unaffiliated Adviser could reduce the fees paid by Advisory Accounts that already have an
investment with the Underlying Fund.
To the extent that XIG provides Advisory Accounts with access to Diligence Reports, XIG will face actual and perceived
potential conflicts in preparing Diligence Reports in respect of Underlying Funds and Unaffiliated Advisers in which XIG and
its affiliates have direct or indirect interests or relationships. For example, XIG and its affiliates may have multiple advisory,
transactional and financial and other interests in securities, instruments, companies and other assets that may be managed
by an Unaffiliated Adviser, or may act as counterparty to an Underlying Fund or an Unaffiliated Adviser. Similarly, Goldman
Sachs may provide a variety of products and services to Underlying Funds, Unaffiliated Advisers or their affiliates, and in
such cases Goldman Sachs receives compensation, which may be in various forms, and may receive other benefits, from
one or more Underlying Funds, Unaffiliated Advisers or their affiliates. As described below in “—Conflicts Relating to Profits
Interests,” certain Accounts may hold Profits Interests. In addition, personnel of certain Unaffiliated Advisers may be clients
or former employees of XIG or its affiliates or may provide XIG or its affiliates with notice of, or offers to participate in,
investment opportunities. Any negative information contained in Diligence Reports in respect of Underlying Funds or
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Unaffiliated Advisers in or with which XIG and its affiliates have interests or relationships could adversely impact such
interests and relationships, and any positive information contained in the Diligence Reports in respect of such Underlying
Funds and Unaffiliated Advisers could benefit such interests and relationships. As a result, XIG is incentivized to delay or fail
to provide certain adverse information concerning an Underlying Fund or Unaffiliated Adviser, or to promote certain
Underlying Funds or Unaffiliated Advisers, in Diligence Reports.
Conflicts Relating to Profits Interests
Certain Accounts (including Advisory Accounts) have entered into, or are third-party beneficiaries of, agreements with
certain Unaffiliated Advisers, their Underlying Funds or their affiliates pursuant to which the Accounts hold Profits Interests.
Profits Interests take different forms and are documented in different ways. In certain cases, a Profits Interest entitles an
Account to receive a share of the fees, profits or revenue received by an Unaffiliated Adviser or its affiliate. In some other
cases, the holder of a Profits Interest receives the benefit of reduced management fees and/or incentive compensation in
an Underlying Fund based in part on the aggregate management fees and incentive compensation earned by the
Unaffiliated Adviser from other investors. A Profits Interest generally is received in consideration of either an investment in
the Unaffiliated Adviser or an affiliate thereof or a “seed” investment in an Underlying Fund managed by the applicable
Unaffiliated Adviser.
In each case, the holder of a Profits Interest benefits from fees, allocations or other compensation earned by the
Unaffiliated Advisers or their affiliates with respect to their Underlying Funds. This generally includes any fees, allocations
or other compensation borne by Advisory Accounts to the extent Advisory Accounts invest in such Underlying Funds. These
fees, allocations and other compensation may be significant. Conversely, to the extent that an Advisory Account holds
Profits Interests in an Unaffiliated Adviser, such Advisory Account will receive less of a benefit if another Advisory Account
negotiates a discount on any fees, allocations or other compensation paid to such Unaffiliated Adviser or its affiliates
and/or its Underlying Funds.
Advisory Accounts have in the past invested, and are expected in the future to invest, in Underlying Funds where certain
Accounts have Profits Interests, which gives rise to certain conflicts of interest as described below.
Conflicts Associated with the Decision for an Advisory Account to Invest in an Underlying Fund Where Another
Account has a Profits Interest
Where an Account has a Profits Interest, the Account will generally receive greater compensation as the assets managed by
the Unaffiliated Adviser increase. For example, an investment by one or more Advisory Accounts in an Underlying Fund
where a different Account has a Profits Interest generally will result in additional fees and other compensation payable to
the Unaffiliated Adviser of that Underlying Fund. This typically results in Goldman Sachs, through its incentive
compensation in the other Account, also receiving additional compensation.
Accordingly, Goldman Sachs has an incentive to cause Advisory Accounts to invest in Underlying Funds where an Account
has a Profits Interest in the relevant Unaffiliated Adviser. This incentive is more acute if one or more Advisory Accounts are
making a significant investment in the Underlying Funds or an Account has a particularly significant Profits Interest in the
Unaffiliated Adviser. This conflict is exacerbated in cases where Goldman Sachs receives greater fees and other
compensation in respect of the Account which holds the Profits Interest, as compared to the Advisory Account considering
an investment in an Underlying Fund that is subject to the Profits Interest. For example, in most cases Goldman Sachs is
entitled to performance-based compensation as well as a management fee in respect of the Accounts that hold Profits
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Interests, but in many cases Goldman Sachs is only entitled to a management fee in respect of an Advisory Account
considering a primary investment in an Underlying Fund.
In most cases where the foregoing conflict applies, the Advisory Account making an investment in an Underlying Fund will
not have the same investment committee as the Account that holds the Profits Interest with respect to the Underlying
Fund. In select cases, however, Accounts that principally focus on primary investments and/or secondary investments have
acquired (or may in the future acquire) Profits Interests, typically as a result of an investment alongside an Account whose
principal focus is acquiring Profits Interests. As a result, in some cases an Advisory Account considering an investment in an
Underlying Fund will have the same investment committee as an Account with a Profits Interest in that Underlying Fund,
further exacerbating this conflict.
Conflicts Relating to Exercise of Voting and/or Consent Where an Account Holds a Profits Interest
An Account holding a Profits Interest generally has limited consent rights (or other governance-related rights) in respect of
an Unaffiliated Adviser’s business. In some cases, the exercise of such a right (or failure to exercise such a right) may impact
Underlying Funds managed by such Unaffiliated Adviser. In turn, Advisory Accounts invested in the Underlying Funds may
be adversely affected.
Alternatively, where an Advisory Account is asked to vote on or consent to a matter with respect to an Underlying Fund in
which it is invested, Goldman Sachs will have a conflict of interest if a different Account holds a Profits Interest in the
applicable Unaffiliated Adviser. For example, an Advisory Account could have the right to vote on (or grant a consent
regarding) amending the governing documents of an Underlying Fund, extending a fundraising or investment period,
changing the economic terms of an Underlying Fund (including “resetting” economics), approving a conflict of interest or
approving replacement key persons under a key-person provision. In each case, Goldman Sachs has an incentive to cause
the Advisory Account to approve the vote or consent being sought by the Underlying Fund because such approval generally
would provide a benefit to the Account holding the Profits Interest.
Conflicts relating to these votes and consents are exacerbated by differences in the fees and other compensation Goldman
Sachs receives from the different Accounts or where the Account with the interest in the Underlying Fund has the same
investment committee as the Account with the Profits Interest. For further information on these exacerbating factors see
“—Conflicts Associated with the Decision for an Advisory Account to Invest in an Underlying Fund where Another Account
has a Profits Interest” above.
Conflicts Relating to Acquiring a Profits Interest
Where an Advisory Account holds a Profits Interest, it will have a conflict of interest with other Accounts which may invest
in the Underlying Funds to which the Profits Interest relates. These conflicts are similar to the conflicts described above
regarding situations in which one or more Advisory Accounts invest in an Underlying Fund and another Account has a
Profits Interest with respect to that Underlying Fund. See “—Conflicts Associated with the Decision for an Advisory Account
to Invest in an Underlying Fund where Another Account has a Profits Interest” above.
For example, a Profits Interest held by an Advisory Account will typically increase in value as the relevant Unaffiliated
Adviser’s assets under management increase. Accordingly, the value of the Profits Interest would increase if other
Accounts invest with the Unaffiliated Adviser. See “—Conflicts Associated with the Decision for an Advisory Account to
Invest in an Underlying Fund where Another Account has a Profits Interest” above.
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In addition, due to regulatory considerations (including ERISA) and/or to mitigate certain conflicts of interest, an Advisory
Account’s Profits Interest in an Unaffiliated Adviser may exclude management fees and performance-based compensation
associated with investments by other Accounts in the Underlying Funds of the Unaffiliated Advisers. Furthermore, in order
to mitigate certain conflicts, for a certain period of time following the acquisition of a Profits Interest in an Unaffiliated
Adviser by an Advisory Account, other Accounts may be restricted from investing in Underlying Funds managed by the
Unaffiliated Adviser. Such restriction may adversely affect the Unaffiliated Adviser, including, without limitation, by limiting
its assets under management, and, in turn, may have an adverse effect on the returns of the Advisory Account that holds
the Profits Interest.
Advisory Accounts holding a Profits Interest may also have consent or other governance rights regarding an Unaffiliated
Adviser. If another Account is invested in an Underlying Fund of the Unaffiliated Adviser, then the other Account may be
adversely affected by the Advisory Account’s exercise of (or failure to exercise) any such consent or other governance right.
Further, one or more Accounts that are invested in an Underlying Fund may be asked to vote on or consent to a matter in
respect of an Underlying Fund while an Advisory Account holds a Profits Interest in the relevant Unaffiliated Adviser (but
not an interest in the Underlying Fund). Approval of such a matter may benefit the Advisory Account. See “—Conflicts
Relating to Exercise of Voting and/or Consent where an Account Holds a Profits Interest” above. Notwithstanding that
potential benefit, in such circumstance it is the policy of Goldman Sachs to consider only the interests of the Accounts
participating in the vote and not the interests of the Advisory Account holding the Profits Interest.
In each of the foregoing cases, the conflicts discussed above are further exacerbated because an Advisory Account with a
Profits Interest in an Underlying Fund may have the same investment committee as another Account considering or holding
an interest in an Underlying Fund.
CONFLICTS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO XIG
As described above in Item 8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss—External Investing Group,
Accounts managed by XIG utilize a variety of strategies. These strategies currently include, but are not limited to, investing
in (i) primary investments, (ii) co-investments alongside third-party managers in pre-identified investments and related
investment activities, (iii) secondary investments and related investment activities, (iv) minority stakes in Third-Party
Management Companies and related investment activities, and (v) seed investments in new, “start-up” or similar
Unaffiliated Advisers that have limited or no independent track records and related investment activities. XIG also provides
portfolio advisory and monitoring services to certain clients. In some cases, different Accounts managed by XIG invest in a
single Underlying Fund in multiple ways (e.g., a primary investment by one Account in a fund and then a secondary
investment by another Account in the same fund or a related vehicle). Conflicts of interest specific to these strategies are
described below. In addition, with respect to certain investments, one Account managed by XIG may have a Profits Interest
with respect to an Adviser and another Account managed by XIG may make an investment in an Underlying Fund managed
by that Adviser. For information regarding conflicts of interest arising in connection with such situations and Profits
Interests generally, see “—Conflicts Relating to Profits Interests” above. Additional conflicts of interest applicable to XIG
are set forth in Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading.
Conflicts Relating to Secondary Transactions
Secondary investments include, among other investment activities, purchasing existing private fund interests from selling
investors and transactions in which liquidity is provided to existing investors in a private fund through bespoke structures
such as continuation fund investments, preferred equity transactions, investments in connection with an Underlying Fund
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restructuring, or “stapled” transactions whereby interests are acquired from an existing Underlying Fund at the same time
that a new commitment to an Underlying Fund managed by the same Adviser is made.
In some cases, Advisory Accounts will invest in secondary investments involving Underlying Funds in which other Accounts
have invested. For example, one or more Accounts could be the lead investors or otherwise participate on the acquiring
side of a secondary transaction while one or more other Advisory Accounts are invested in an Underlying Fund that is the
target of or the seller in the transaction.
An investment by one Account (the “New Investment Account”) in a secondary investment involving an Underlying Fund in
which another Account has invested (the “Existing Investment Account”) generally will present certain conflicts of interest
between such Accounts because the actions of one Account can adversely affect the other Account. For example, terms
that benefit the New Investment Account (such as a lower valuation of the Existing Investment Account’s indirect holdings,
and therefore a lower purchase price) may disadvantage the Existing Investment Account (and vice versa). Depending on
the terms of a secondary investment, the Existing Investment Account may also be able to vote on the proposed
transaction, decide whether to participate in the transaction, elect whether or not to reinvest or otherwise continue such
Account’s investment into a continuation fund and/or make other determinations. Those determinations in some
transactions affect the New Investment Account by impacting whether or on what terms a transaction is consummated.
For example, if the Existing Investment Account elects to reinvest or otherwise continue its investment, there would
typically be less capacity available to the New Investment Account. This conflict is exacerbated where the Existing
Investment Account has a significant investment in the Underlying Fund, and therefore greater voting power over the
proposed transaction.
In cases where such a conflict arises, Goldman Sachs generally will seek to make decisions on behalf of an Advisory Account
based only on the interests of that Advisory Account, regardless of whether the Advisory Account is the New Investment
Account or the Existing Investment Account. For example, when representing a New Investment Account in a bid,
negotiation or other matter in connection with a secondary investment, Goldman Sachs generally will consider only the
interests of the New Investment Account and not the interests of any Existing Accounts. On the other hand, when making
voting and election decisions on behalf of an Existing Investment Account, Goldman Sachs will generally only consider the
interests of the Existing Investment Account and not the interests of any New Investment Account.
The foregoing conflict is exacerbated in transactions where the Existing Investment Account and the New Investment
Account have the same investment committee. For example, this occurs where one Advisory Account has acquired an
investment in an Underlying Fund through a secondary investment and a different Advisory Account with the same
investment committee considers an investment in a continuation fund that will acquire assets of that Underlying Fund.
Conflicts in Connection with Determining Whether to Serve on Advisory Committees and Service on Advisory
Committees; XIG may Serve as Advisory Committee Representative on Behalf of Certain Advisory Accounts but not
Others
In most cases where an Advisory Account invests in an Underlying Fund, GSAM does not seek to have representatives on
committees of investors in Underlying Funds which are given the authority to make certain determinations on behalf of the
Underlying Funds or the investors therein, including in many cases with respect to certain required consents and/or
conflicts (such committees, “Underlying Fund LPACs”). Furthermore, even if a representative of an Advisory Account serves
on an Underlying Fund LPAC, Goldman Sachs maintains policies and procedures which require any such representative to
recuse himself or herself from certain matters and in certain circumstances, including certain matters where Goldman Sachs
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has an interest. Alternatively, Goldman Sachs may determine to cause the representative of the Advisory Account to resign
a seat on an Underlying Fund LPAC for legal, tax or regulatory reasons or to mitigate potential conflicts of interest.
Among other items, an Underlying Fund LPAC may be vested with the authority to grant consent to an Underlying Fund
entering into transactions with its general partner, investment manager or their respective associates or other funds
managed or advised by such persons. The terms and conditions of such transactions (or any other matter presented to an
Underlying Fund LPAC) may be adverse to the interests of investors in the Underlying Fund, including one or more Advisory
Accounts. If an Advisory Account does not have a representative on an Underlying Fund LPAC or such representative
recuses herself or himself, then the Advisory Account will not be able to exercise any vote on the matter.
Goldman Sachs personnel may also serve on an Underlying Fund LPAC (i) on behalf of a particular Advisory Account but not
other Advisory Accounts which are also invested in the relevant Underlying Fund or (ii) in connection with GSAM’s portfolio
advisory and monitoring business, pursuant to which XIG is required to, or otherwise may, serve as the representative of
certain clients on advisory committees for which such clients have the right to appoint a member (including with respect to
an Underlying Fund in which Advisory Accounts invest). Goldman Sachs personnel may also serve on an Underlying Fund
LPAC where the decisions of the Underlying Fund LPAC are binding upon a co-investment vehicle in which an Advisory
Account invests. If XIG personnel serve on an Underlying Fund LPAC in the manner described in the previous sentences, the
personnel serving on such Underlying Fund LPAC generally will only consider the interests of the Advisory Account or
portfolio advisory or monitoring client the personnel are representing and not the interests of other Advisory Accounts.
Accordingly, the XIG personnel’s actions in respect of the Underlying Fund LPAC may adversely affect other Advisory
Accounts.
CONFLICTS RELATING TO THE ALLOCATION OF ADVISORY ACCOUNT ASSETS TO AFFILIATED PRODUCTS AND EXTERNAL
PRODUCTS
Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) will generally receive compensation in connection with the management of Affiliated
Products (including discretionary managed accounts or investment funds including money market funds) to which Advisory
Accounts directly or indirectly allocate assets. Certain Advisory Accounts that invest in Affiliated Products pay advisory fees
to GSAM that are not reduced by any fees payable by such Advisory Accounts to Goldman Sachs as manager of such
Affiliated Products (i.e., there will be “double fees” involved in making any such investment, which would not arise in
connection with the direct allocation of assets by the account holder to such Affiliated Products), other than in certain
specified cases, including as may be required by applicable law. Other Advisory Accounts that invest in Affiliated Products
pay advisory fees at the Advisory Account level but not at the Affiliated Product level, or vice versa (e.g., the Advisory
Account may invest on a fee-free basis in the Affiliated Product or receive a rebate or credit at the Advisory Account level).
Because Goldman Sachs will on an overall basis receive higher fees, compensation and other benefits if the assets of
Advisory Accounts that pay “double fees” (i.e., Advisory Accounts that do not invest on a fee-free basis or that do not
receive a rebate or credit) are allocated to Affiliated Products rather than solely to External Products, GSAM is incentivized
to recommend or allocate the assets of Advisory Accounts to Affiliated Products. Furthermore, GSAM will have an interest
in allocating or recommending the assets of Advisory Accounts to Affiliated Products that impose higher fees than those
imposed by other Affiliated Products (including due to, or after, the application of fee offsets) or that provide other benefits
to Goldman Sachs. Any differential in compensation paid to personnel in connection with certain Affiliated Products rather
than other Affiliated Products creates a financial incentive on the part of GSAM to select or recommend certain Affiliated
Products over other Affiliated Products. Similarly, since GSAM and/or Goldman Sachs generally on an overall basis receives
higher fees, compensation and other benefits if Advisory Account assets are allocated to External Products indirectly
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through Advisory Accounts that are funds of funds rather than directly to External Products, GSAM is incentivized to select
or recommend an Advisory Account that is a fund of funds for an Advisory Account. Correspondingly, GSAM may be
disincentivized to consider or recommend the removal of an Advisory Account’s assets from, or the modification of an
Advisory Account’s allocations to, an Affiliated Product at a time that it otherwise would have where doing so would
decrease the fees, compensation and other benefits to Goldman Sachs, including where disposal of such Affiliated Product by
the Advisory Account would likely adversely affect the Affiliated Product with respect to its liquidity position or otherwise.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, special fee considerations with respect to allocations to Affiliated Products in addition to, and
different than, those listed in this paragraph apply to MAS-managed Advisory Accounts. Please refer below to this Item 10,
Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations—Conflicts that Apply Primarily to MAS.
Neither Goldman Sachs nor GSAM will be required to share any fees, allocations, compensation, remuneration or other
benefits received in connection with an Advisory Account with the Advisory Account or the client or offset such fees,
allocations, compensation, remuneration and other benefits against fees and expenses the client may otherwise owe Goldman
Sachs or GSAM.
CONFLICTS THAT APPLY PRIMARILY TO MAS
Conflicts Relating to Affiliated Products and External Products
The guidelines for each MAS Advisory Account provide that only Affiliated Products, only External Products or a mix of
Affiliated Products and External Products can be selected or recommended for such Advisory Accounts or for particular
asset classes or strategies within such Advisory Accounts. As described above in this Item 10, Other Financial Industry
Activities and Affiliations—Conflicts Relating to Relationships with Unaffiliated Advisers—Conflicts Relating to the Allocation
of Advisory Account Assets to Affiliated Products and External Products, conflicts of interest arise in situations in which MAS
is permitted to allocate Advisory Account assets to both Affiliated Products and External Products, and the differing fee
arrangements that apply to investments by MAS Advisory Accounts in Affiliated Products as compared to External Products
create a preference for the selection or recommendation of Affiliated Products over External Products. Please also refer to
the potential conflicts of interest described in Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Transactions—Financial Incentives in Selling and Managing Advisory
Accounts.
In connection with an Advisory Account that, pursuant to its guidelines, may invest in External Products (either because the
guidelines provide that the Advisory Account will invest in only External Products or because the guidelines provide that the
Advisory Account will invest in both External Products and Affiliated Products), MAS will not review the entire universe of
available External Products that may be appropriate for the Advisory Account. Generally, MAS will only review External
Products managed by Unaffiliated Advisers approved by XIG (“GSAM Approved Managers”), and typically will only review a
subset of such External Products as it determines in its sole discretion. In addition, XIG might not consider any External
Product for certain asset classes if an Affiliated Product is available, in which case there would be no External Products
available for certain asset classes on the MAS platform. As a result, there could be one or more External Products that
would be a more appropriate addition to the Advisory Account than the investment product selected by MAS, from the
standpoint of the factors that MAS has taken into consideration or other factors. Such External Products may outperform
the Affiliated Product selected for the Advisory Account. In certain cases, a MAS Advisory Account will invest in ETFs
managed by Unaffiliated Advisers that are not GSAM Approved Managers. MAS also offers model portfolios that allocate
only to Affiliated Products and External Products managed by a particular Unaffiliated Adviser pursuant to a co-branding or
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other collaboration agreement (“Co‐Branded Model Portfolios”). See “―Conflicts Relating to the Provision of Model
Portfolios, Including Through Third-Party Investment Platforms” below.
In determining which External Products to review for inclusion in Advisory Accounts, MAS evaluates Unaffiliated Advisers
that are GSAM Approved Managers. These and other investment opportunities are sourced in a variety of ways, including,
for example, by reviewing databases and inbound inquiries from managers, and/or by leveraging relationships that such
Unaffiliated Advisers or other clients already have with other parts of Goldman Sachs’ businesses. Such relationships give
rise to a conflict of interest, as Goldman Sachs is incentivized to select Unaffiliated Advisers from whom Goldman Sachs
receives fees or other benefits, including the opportunity for business development and the additional revenue that may
result therefrom. In addition, where Goldman Sachs is compensated more by one Unaffiliated Adviser over another,
Goldman Sachs is incentivized to choose the higher paying Unaffiliated Adviser. Different parts of Goldman Sachs may
source Unaffiliated Advisers and investment opportunities in different ways and based on different considerations. See
Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in
Client Transactions—Goldman Sachs Acting in Multiple Commercial Capacities.
In connection with an Advisory Account or an asset class within an Advisory Account that, pursuant to its guidelines invests
only in Affiliated Products, MAS will not review or consider External Products. As a result, there could be one or more
External Products that would be a more appropriate addition to the Advisory Account than the Affiliated Product selected
by MAS, from the standpoint of the factors that MAS has taken into consideration or other factors. Such External Products
may outperform the Affiliated Product selected for the Advisory Account.
MAS utilizes different due diligence processes for review of External Products and Affiliated Products. External Products
are reviewed by XIG, while potential Affiliated Products are reviewed by MAS. With respect to External Products reviewed
by XIG, such products undergo a due diligence review designed to assess the investment merits of each product, which
includes a review of the quality of the Unaffiliated Advisers and the likelihood of producing appropriate investment results
over the long term. Applicable investment and operational due diligence committees determine which External Products
are available for investment. Although XIG reviews the performance history of External Products, none of GSAM, XIG, or
any third party calculates or audits the information for accuracy, verifies the appropriateness of the methodology on which
the performance is calculated or verifies whether the performance complies with Global Investment Performance
Standards or any other standard for performance calculation. The methods for calculating performance and forming
composites can differ among External Products and performance information generally is not calculated on a uniform and
consistent basis. Past performance is not indicative of future results and, as such, prospective clients should not rely solely
on External Product performance information when making an investment decision. XIG periodically reviews the External
Products through interactions with Unaffiliated Advisers designed to help understand the evolution of their views. XIG uses
a different process to evaluate ETFs and certain third party mutual funds, applying quantitative screens that assess specific
factors, including tracking error, total assets, expense ratio, length of track record and other factors (which may be adjusted
periodically). Due diligence by MAS is generally limited to an assessment of certain qualitative and, to a lesser extent,
quantitative factors to determine that a potential Affiliated Product is suitable for the applicable Advisory Account. MAS
utilizes a different due diligence process for External Products in Co‐Branded Models. See “―Conflicts Relating to the
Provision of Model Portfolios, Including Through Third-Party Investment Platforms” below.
On the whole, the due diligence process for Affiliated Products is significantly less rigorous and substantively different than
that for External Products. As a result, MAS may select or recommend an Affiliated Product for an Advisory Account that
underperforms External Products (or other Affiliated Products) that might have been selected or recommended, or MAS
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could determine not to select or recommend an External Product that would otherwise have been selected or
recommended, had the due diligence process applicable to External Products been utilized for Affiliated Products. See Item
8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss—Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies—MAS for
additional considerations relating to, among other things, differences in the MAS selection process for External Products
and Affiliated Products.
Furthermore, when MAS conducts due diligence of, or in connection with making purchase, sale, or other investment-
related decisions with respect to, Affiliated Products, it may be restricted from obtaining information it might otherwise
request with respect to such Affiliated Products and their sponsors, managers, or advisers as a result of internal information
barriers, or it may be restricted from transacting on information it does obtain or is in possession of, as further described in
Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in
Client Transactions—Considerations Relating to Information Held by Goldman Sachs.
The lack of such information, or the inability to act upon such information, could result in losses to Advisory Accounts.
When MAS personnel do not have access to certain information with respect to an investment product, they may
determine not to consider such investment product for an Advisory Account, or, conversely, MAS personnel may select an
investment product for the Advisory Account notwithstanding that certain material information is unavailable to such
personnel, each of which could adversely affect the Advisory Account. For example, such investment product could
significantly decline in value, resulting in substantial losses to the Advisory Account.
In addition to the reasons described above, the universe of Affiliated Products and External Products that are available to
Advisory Accounts could also be limited due to administrative, practical, or other considerations.
XIG determines, based on its ongoing diligence review, whether the manager of an External Product should be retained as a
GSAM Approved Manager. Other than with respect to Co-Branded Model Portfolios, MAS generally only selects or
recommends External Products the managers of which are GSAM Approved Managers, and if XIG no longer considers the
manager of an External Product to be a GSAM Approved Manager, MAS is expected to withdraw (or recommend the
withdrawal of) such External Product from Advisory Accounts unless a client specifically requests to retain the External
Product. Affiliated Products are not subject to MAS’s ongoing due diligence, to due diligence by XIG, or to categorization as
a GSAM Approved Manager. There is no similar categorization process for Affiliated Products, although MAS may withdraw
(or recommend the withdrawal of) Affiliated Products on a case-by-case basis based on factors it deems relevant at the
time of any such consideration. The fact that Affiliated Products are not subject to the same diligence review and GSAM
Approved Manager categorization applicable to External Products also could cause Affiliated Products to not be removed
from Advisory Accounts prior to periods in which they underperform potential replacement investment products, whereas
an External Product might have been removed.
MAS receives management fees with respect to its investment advisory activities for Advisory Accounts it manages. In
addition, MAS Advisory Accounts bear all fees and expenses relating to investments in External Products and all fund
expenses relating to investments in Affiliated Products. However, except as agreed with the client, MAS Advisory Accounts
generally do not bear any management fees with respect to investments in Affiliated Products (either because the Affiliated
Products do not charge management fees or because the management fees paid to Affiliated Products are offset against
the fees charged by MAS). Therefore, similarly situated Advisory Accounts that invest in Affiliated Products are generally
expected to bear an overall lower level of fees than Advisory Accounts that invest in External Products. As a result, with
respect to Advisory Accounts whose guidelines permit investments in both Affiliated Products and External Products, there
is a significant financial incentive (i.e., lower overall fees for the client) for the Advisory Account to invest in Affiliated
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Products rather than External Products. Conversely, MAS has an incentive to select or recommend External Products
because Goldman Sachs does not receive additional management fees from the Advisory Accounts in respect of
investments in Affiliated Products even though it is providing additional services to the Advisory Accounts. However, in
such circumstances there may be countervailing considerations outside the best interests of the client that incentivize MAS
to select or recommend Affiliated Products (e.g., increased assets under management for Affiliated Products), including
Affiliated Products managed by MAS, over External Products. Generally, MAS does not share in the fees received by
External Products or their managers.
External Products include hedge funds and private equity funds advised by Unaffiliated Advisers (“External Funds”).
Generally, Advisory Accounts access External Funds through investments in GS Funds of Funds or through direct
investments in third-party managed hedge funds or private equity funds. As described in the prior paragraph, Advisory
Accounts managed by MAS generally do not bear management fees with respect to Affiliated Products unless as otherwise
agreed to by the client, but such Advisory Accounts may bear other fees and expenses with respect to such products.
Accordingly, MAS Advisory Accounts generally do not pay management fees to GS Funds of Funds in order to access
External Funds (either because the GS Funds of Funds do not charge management fees or because the management fees
paid to GS Funds of Funds are offset against the fees charged by MAS). Advisory Accounts are responsible for their pro rata
share of the expenses of the GS Funds of Funds, which generally includes fees and expenses paid by the GS Funds of Funds
to the External Funds.
Conflicts Relating to Regulatory Restrictions Applicable to Goldman Sachs
From time to time, the activities of Affiliated Products are restricted because of regulatory or other requirements applicable
to Goldman Sachs and/or its internal policies designed to comply with, limit the applicability of, or otherwise relate to such
requirements. External Products may or may not be subject to the same or similar restrictions or requirements, and as a
result may outperform Affiliated Products. For additional information, please refer to Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation
or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Transactions—Firm Policies and
Regulatory Restrictions Affecting Advisory Accounts.
Conflicts Relating to the Use of Tactical Tilts
GSAM utilizes tactical investment ideas derived from short-term market views (“Tactical Tilts”) for certain Advisory
Accounts. Unless specifically directed otherwise by a client (for example, in the case in which a MAS client or Advisory
Account specifically require or contemplate the use of one of the client’s Unaffiliated Advisers to implement certain types
of tactical tilts), with respect to MAS-managed Advisory Accounts, such Tactical Tilts are implemented through Affiliated
Products or directly by GSAM Personnel, even in the case of Advisory Accounts the guidelines of which do not otherwise
provide for investments in Affiliated Products. As described above in this Item 10, Other Financial Industry Activities and
Affiliations—Conflicts that Apply Primarily to MAS—Conflicts Relating to Affiliated Products and External Products, other
than with respect to MAS’s management fee, Advisory Accounts generally do not bear management fees in respect of
Affiliated Products, but such Advisory Accounts may bear other fees and expenses with respect to such products.
Accordingly, Advisory Accounts generally do not pay additional management fees in connection with the implementation of
Tactical Tilts. There are material risks related to the use of Tactical Tilts for Advisory Accounts. For example, the timing for
implementing a Tactical Tilt or unwinding a position can materially affect the performance of such Tactical Tilt. For various
reasons, other businesses within Goldman Sachs may implement a Tactical Tilt or unwind a position for client accounts or
on their own behalf at a different time than MAS does on behalf of Advisory Accounts, or may implement a Tactical Tilt that
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is different from the Tactical Tilt implemented by MAS on behalf of Advisory Accounts, which could have an adverse effect
on Advisory Accounts and may result in poorer performance by Advisory Accounts than by Goldman Sachs or other client
accounts. In addition, unless otherwise agreed in the agreement governing the Advisory Account, MAS monitors an
Advisory Account’s Tactical Tilt positions only on a periodic basis. Therefore, changes in market conditions and other
factors may result in substantial losses to an Advisory Account, and no assurance can be given that a Tactical Tilt position
will be unwound before the Advisory Account suffers losses. The use of Tactical Tilts also includes the risk of reliance on
models.
Conflicts Relating to the Use of Target Ranges and Rebalancing
Certain Advisory Accounts, either generally or with respect to particular asset classes and/or product classes, allocate to
both Affiliated Products and External Products in accordance with target allocations or target ranges. For these Advisory
Accounts, the conflicts and risks described above with respect to allocating assets to both Affiliated Products and External
Products apply. In addition, to the extent a client designates target allocations or target ranges for Affiliated Products and
External Products within an Advisory Account or a particular asset class or strategy within the Advisory Account, allocations
of an Advisory Account’s assets may, from time to time, be out of balance with the Advisory Account’s target ranges for
extended periods of time or at all times due to various factors, such as fluctuations in, and variations among, the
performance of the investment products to which the assets are allocated, reliance on estimates in connection with the
determination of percentage allocations and limitations on liquidity of investments. Any rebalancing by MAS of the
Advisory Account’s assets may have an adverse effect on the performance of the Advisory Account’s assets. For example,
an Advisory Account will generally incur transaction costs, and could be subject to investment losses, if the Advisory
Account’s assets are allocated away from an over-performing investment product and allocated to an under-performing
investment product in connection with a rebalancing. In addition, in some cases MAS’ ability to fully rebalance as intended
could be limited by several factors, including the use of estimates of the net asset values of the investment products, and, in
the case of investments in pooled investment vehicles, restrictions on additional investments in and redemptions from such
investment products. Similarly, the use of target ranges in respect of product classes may result in an Advisory Account
containing a significantly greater percentage of Affiliated Products than would otherwise be the case, including during
periods in which Affiliated Products underperform External Products. In such circumstances, there could be one or more
External Products that would be a more appropriate addition to an Advisory Account than the Affiliated Products then in
the Advisory Account. Such External Products may outperform the Affiliated Products then in the Advisory Account.
Conflicts Relating to the Provision of Model Portfolios, Including Through Third-Party Investment Platforms
The MAS team provides model portfolios to certain Advisers, broker-dealers, third-party investment platforms or other
financial intermediaries that use such model portfolios to assist in developing their own investment recommendations and
managing their own accounts or the accounts of their clients, or that make such model portfolios available to their clients
through investment platforms. A model portfolio can include ETFs, mutual funds, interval funds, closed-end funds, business
development companies, separately managed accounts managed by GSAM, and other pooled investment vehicles and can
be focused on one or more asset classes or strategies (including alternatives) or limited to certain types of investment
products (for example, model portfolios consisting solely of ETFs or mutual funds). Such model portfolios may differ from,
and may experience different performance than, model portfolios offered by affiliates of GSAM or by other business units
within GSAM.
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The MAS team offers certain model portfolios that include only Affiliated Products, unless the MAS team determines, in its
sole discretion, that an Affiliated Product is not available in the relevant asset class / sub-asset class. In such cases, the MAS
team may consider certain External Products in its discretion, although the MAS team will not canvas the universe of
External Products. The MAS team also offers model portfolios that include both Affiliated Products and External Products,
and such model portfolios may include an allocation to ETFs, mutual funds, interval funds, closed-end funds, business
development companies, separately managed accounts managed by GSAM, and other pooled investment vehicles. To the
extent GSAM recommends a model portfolio allocation to an Affiliated Product (including a GSAM separately managed
account), GSAM generally expects to do so without considering External Products or canvassing the universe of External
Products, even though there may (or may not) be one or more External Products that may be more appropriate for
inclusion in such model portfolio (including External Products that may have lower fees and expenses, higher performance,
or other favorable terms relative to an Affiliated Product (including a GSAM separately managed account)). For certain
investment platforms, GSAM separately managed accounts may be the only separately managed accounts available for
inclusion in the model portfolios. The value of each Affiliated Product selected for a model portfolio will reflect the impact
of any expenses, such as brokerage commissions, taxes, and other transaction-related fees, investment management,
investment advisory and similar fees, custodial fees, administrative fees and other fees and expenses applicable to such
Affiliated Product. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for certain model portfolios, the MAS team may consider only External
Products. The MAS team will not be obligated to, and will not, take into account the tax status, investment goals or other
characteristics of any specific person using a model portfolio when compiling the model portfolios. However, the MAS
team may provide customized model portfolios to certain Model Portfolio Advisers that take into account allocation
preferences communicated by the Model Portfolio Adviser to the team. Such customized model portfolios could include
allocations to External Products that GSAM has not evaluated or would not include in a model portfolio for other clients. As
a result, such customized model portfolios could experience different performance than other model portfolios offered by
GSAM.
To the extent the MAS team includes an External Product in a model portfolio that is not reviewed by XIG, it generally
expects to evaluate such External Product only from an investment perspective, which will solely consist of a review of the
External Product’s benchmark index, the size of the External Product, tracking error relative to the benchmark index,
performance and liquidity profile (e.g., market capitalization and average daily trading volume) and transaction costs,
among other factors. The MAS team generally does not conduct operational due diligence on External Products included in
model portfolios.
GSAM is generally entitled to compensation for making model portfolios available to Advisers, broker-dealers, other
financial intermediaries or their clients. In addition, GSAM and/or its affiliates will benefit from the investment by Model
Portfolio Accounts in Affiliated Products because Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) will generally receive compensation in
connection with the management of Affiliated Products included in a model portfolio. In certain cases, GSAM will not
receive compensation for the provision of model portfolios but GSAM and/or its affiliates will nevertheless benefit from the
investment by Model Portfolio Accounts in Affiliated Products included in such model portfolios. For model portfolios that
include both Affiliated Products and External Products, GSAM will generally allocate a certain percentage of such model
portfolios to Affiliated Products (including GSAM separately managed accounts) in order to generate a target range of
revenue from such Affiliated Products. The actual revenue from Affiliated Products may be higher or lower than the target
range at any given time, and revenue range targets are available upon request. GSAM is incentivized to include Affiliated
Products in model portfolios and disincentivized to remove Affiliated Products from a model portfolio. GSAM is also
incentivized to select Affiliated Products with relatively higher fees, in order to meet or exceed target revenue ranges,
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which could increase costs and decrease returns for Model Portfolio Accounts. Furthermore, inclusion of Affiliated Products
in model portfolios raises additional potential conflicts and risks similar to those described above in this Item 10, Other
Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations—Conflicts Relating to Relationships with Unaffiliated Advisers—Conflicts
Relating to the Allocation of Advisory Account Assets to Affiliated Products and External Products.
As described above, GSAM also offers Co-Branded Model Portfolios that allocate only to Affiliated Products and External
Products managed by a particular Unaffiliated Adviser pursuant to a co-branding or other collaboration agreement. Each
Co-Branded Model Portfolio generally targets a minimum percentage allocation to the Unaffiliated Adviser’s External
Products and is subject to certain revenue allocation objectives for each of GSAM and the Unaffiliated Adviser. GSAM and
the Unaffiliated Adviser share, or the Unaffiliated Adviser reimburses GSAM for, certain costs related to the delivery and
maintenance of Co-Branded Model Portfolios. The allocation of assets in Co-Branded Model Portfolios between Affiliated
Products and External Products could be affected by these overall business objectives. GSAM’s evaluation of External
Products for inclusion in Co-Branded Model Portfolios consists solely of a quantitative review, and may include factors such
as benchmark index, performance versus the benchmark index, length of track record, fees, assets under management,
concentration metrics, and peer comparisons. In addition, the research conducted by GSAM for External Products included
in Co-Branded Model Portfolios is different than the research conducted by GSAM for External Products included in other
model portfolios and Advisory Accounts. The MAS team does not conduct operational due diligence on the Unaffiliated
Adviser’s External Products included in Co-Branded Model Portfolios.
Certain model portfolio recipients will not have had the chance to evaluate or act upon information communicated by MAS
regarding model portfolios or any updates thereto prior to the time at which other model portfolio recipients have
commenced trading based upon such information or updates. See Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side
Management—Provision of Portfolio Information to Model Portfolio Advisers.
CONFLICTS RELATING TO THE SELECTION OR RECOMMENDATION OF STABLE VALUE CONTRACT PROVIDERS
The interests and business relationships of Goldman Sachs and its personnel create potential conflicts in the selection or
recommendation of Stable Value Contract providers, or the determination to increase allocations of assets to or withdraw
assets from Stable Value Contract providers on behalf of, Advisory Accounts. The Stable Value business makes
determinations or recommendations regarding Stable Value Contract providers consistent with its fiduciary duties and the
investment processes described in Item 8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss. Goldman Sachs may
derive benefits from certain decisions made in respect of Stable Value Contract providers.
CONFLICTS RELATING TO WORKPLACE MANAGED ACCOUNT SERVICES
If GSAM investment funds are selected by a WMA Institution, Plan Sponsor or other third-party fiduciary for the plan’s
investment menu, subject to applicable law including ERISA, GSAM will have a conflict of interest to allocate plan assets in a
way that prefers the GSAM investment funds over investment funds managed by third parties. GSAM generally seeks to
address this conflict by waiving GSAM’s management fees with respect to the GSAM investment funds, or by crediting such
management fees on a pro rata basis against the Workplace Managed Account Fees charged.
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Item 11 – Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
CODE OF ETHICS AND PERSONAL TRADING
GSAM has adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Code”) under Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act designed to provide that GSAM
Personnel, and certain additional personnel of Goldman Sachs who support GSAM, comply with applicable federal
securities laws and place the interests of clients first in conducting personal securities transactions. The Code imposes
certain restrictions on securities transactions in the personal accounts of covered persons to help avoid conflicts of interest.
Subject to the limitations of the Code, covered persons buy and sell securities or other investments for their personal
accounts, including investments in pooled investment vehicles that are sponsored, managed or advised by Goldman Sachs,
and also take positions that are the same as, different from, or made at different times than, positions taken (directly or
indirectly) for Advisory Accounts. GSAM will provide a copy of the Code to clients or prospective clients upon request.
Additionally, all personnel of Goldman Sachs, including GSAM Personnel, are subject to firm-wide policies and procedures
regarding confidential and proprietary information, information barriers, private investments, outside business activities
and personal trading. GSAM requires pre-clearance of personal securities transactions, both public and private, by GSAM
Personnel and GSAM can deny any such transaction in its discretion. In order to address potential conflicts of interest with
the Advisory Accounts and other legal and regulatory restrictions (such as when GSAM has confidential information about a
portfolio company), Goldman Sachs maintains a list of securities in which GSAM Personnel cannot trade. Additionally,
GSAM generally does not allow its personnel to purchase securities of single-name public issuers, other than registered
investment companies and government securities. In addition, GSAM prohibits its employees from accepting gifts and
entertainment that could influence, or appear to influence, their business judgment. This generally includes gifts of more
than $300 or meals and other business-related entertainment that may be considered lavish or extraordinary and therefore
raise a question or appearance of impropriety.
PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS
Goldman Sachs is a worldwide, full-service investment banking, broker-dealer, asset management and financial services
organization and a major participant in global financial markets. As such, it provides a wide range of financial services to a
substantial and diversified client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and individuals.
Goldman Sachs acts as broker-dealer, investment adviser, investment banker, underwriter, research provider,
administrator, financier, adviser, market maker, trader, prime broker, derivatives dealer, clearing agent, lender, custodian,
counterparty, agent, principal, distributor, investor or in other commercial capacities for accounts or companies (including
Advisory Account portfolio companies) or affiliated or unaffiliated Underlying Funds. In those and other capacities,
Goldman Sachs advises and deals with clients and third parties in all markets and transactions and purchases, sells, holds
and recommends a broad array of investments, including securities, derivatives, loans, commodities, currencies, credit
default swaps, indices, baskets and other financial instruments and products for its own account and for the accounts of
clients and of its personnel. In addition, Goldman Sachs has direct and indirect interests in the global fixed-income,
currency, commodity, equities, bank loan and other markets. In certain cases, Goldman Sachs causes Advisory Accounts to
invest in products and strategies sponsored, managed or advised by Goldman Sachs or in which Goldman Sachs has an
interest, either directly or indirectly, or otherwise restricts Advisory Accounts from making such investments, as further
described herein. In this regard, there are instances when Goldman Sachs’ activities and dealings with other clients and
third parties affect Advisory Accounts in ways that disadvantage Advisory Accounts and/or benefit Goldman Sachs or other
Accounts (including Advisory Accounts). Additionally, as described below, GSAM faces conflicts of interest arising out of
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Goldman Sachs’ relationships and business dealings in connection with decisions to take or refrain from taking certain
actions on behalf of Advisory Accounts when doing so would be adverse to Goldman Sachs’ relationships or other business
dealings with such parties. See Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Transactions—Certain Effects of the Activities of Goldman Sachs and Advisory
Accounts. In addition, as described above in Item 7, Types of Clients, GSAM’s activities on behalf of certain other entities
that are not investment advisory clients of GSAM create conflicts of interest between such entities, on the one hand, and
Advisory Accounts, on the other hand, that are the same as or similar to the conflicts that arise between Advisory Accounts,
or between an Advisory Account on the one hand, and an Account on the other hand, as described in this Item 11, Code of
Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading. In managing conflicts of interest that arise as a
result of the foregoing, GSAM generally will be subject to fiduciary requirements. The following are descriptions of certain
conflicts of interest and potential conflicts of interest that are associated with the financial or other interests that GSAM
and Goldman Sachs have in advising or dealing with clients (including Advisory Accounts) or third parties acting on their
own behalf. The conflicts herein do not purport to be a complete list or explanation of the conflicts associated with the
financial or other interests GSAM or Goldman Sachs may have now or in the future. Prior to making an investment in an
Advisory Account that is a pooled investment vehicle, prospective investors are encouraged to read the offering materials
relating to such Advisory Account.
Principal Trading and Cross/Agency Cross Transactions with Advisory Accounts
When permitted by applicable law and GSAM policy, GSAM, acting on behalf of certain Advisory Accounts (for example,
those employing taxable fixed income, municipal bond fixed income and structured investment strategies), may (but is
under no obligation or other duty to) enter into transactions in securities and other instruments with or through Goldman
Sachs or in Affiliated Products and cause Advisory Accounts to engage in principal transactions, cross transactions and
agency cross transactions. Principal transactions occur if GSAM, on behalf of Advisory Accounts, engages in a transaction in
securities or other instruments with Goldman Sachs or in Affiliated Products acting as principal. In certain cases, Goldman
Sachs earns compensation (such as a spread or mark-up) in connection with these transactions. Cross transactions occur if
GSAM causes an Advisory Account to buy securities or other instruments from, or sell securities or other instruments to,
another Advisory Account of GSAM or an Affiliated Adviser. An agency cross transaction occurs if Goldman Sachs acts as
broker for an Advisory Account on one side of the transaction and a brokerage account on the other side of the transaction
in connection with the purchase or sale of securities by the Advisory Account. Goldman Sachs receives a commission from
such agency cross transactions.
There are potential conflicts of interest, regulatory considerations or restrictions identified in GSAM’s internal policies
relating to these transactions which could limit GSAM’s determination and/or ability to engage in these transactions for
Advisory Accounts. In certain circumstances such as when Goldman Sachs is the only or one of a few participants in a
particular market or is one of the largest such participants, such limitations will eliminate or reduce the availability of
certain investment opportunities to Advisory Accounts or impact the price or terms on which transactions relating to such
investment opportunities may be effected.
GSAM may (but is under no obligation or other duty to) cause Advisory Accounts to engage in cross transactions involving
interests in hedge funds, private equity funds, real estate funds and other private or non-private funds. For example, HFS
may cause HFS Advisory Accounts to buy or sell interests in an Underlying Fund, including such interests that are illiquid or
difficult-to-value, from or to another Advisory Account or other Account (including an Account advised by another area of
Goldman Sachs for its clients). This will typically occur when one Advisory Account determines to sell an interest in an
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Underlying Fund at the same time that another Advisory Account wishes to purchase an interest in the same Underlying
Fund. Transactions in respect of illiquid or difficult-to-value assets may be effected at a discount to the net asset value of
the illiquid assets provided by the applicable Adviser. Another example of cross transactions involving Underlying Funds
occurs when XIG private equity and real estate Advisory Accounts rebalance their interests in Underlying Funds over the
course of a stated period of time (such as the period of time during which investors may invest in XIG closed-ended private
equity and real estate funds).
Cross transactions may also occur in connection with the offering of Co-Investment Opportunities to an Advisory Account
following the acquisition of an investment by another Advisory Account. In these cases, the Advisory Account that is
offered the Co-Investment Opportunity generally purchases a portion of the investment acquired by another Advisory
Account. The price at which an Advisory Account acquires an investment in connection with a Co-Investment Opportunity
may be based upon cost and may or may not include an interest component or may reflect adjustments to the value of the
investment following acquisition by the selling Advisory Account. In addition, cross transactions may occur where GSAM
causes an Advisory Account to acquire all or a portion of the interests in one or more portfolio companies from another
Advisory Account (including situations where a new Advisory Account is organized by GSAM solely for this purpose) or
merge an existing portfolio company of the Advisory Account with a portfolio company of another Advisory Account. Such
transactions lead to a conflict of interests because GSAM controls the Advisory Accounts and/or portfolio company on each
side of such transaction.
Advisory Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles (or any subsidiary thereof) may enter into commitment letters and
other obligations in respect of prospective investments made alongside one or more other investment vehicles. In many
but not all cases, GSAM intends for any such Advisory Account and other participating investment vehicles to enter into
back-to-back indemnification, contribution, participation, reimbursement or similar agreements (“Reimbursement
Arrangements”) to ensure that potential losses in connection with any such investments are allocated among such Advisory
Account and other participating investment vehicles in a fair manner based on their respective (or anticipated) ownership
interests in the underlying asset. However, no assurance can be provided that an Advisory Account and such other
investment vehicles will enter into a Reimbursement Arrangement with respect to a particular transaction. Furthermore,
even if such parties enter into a Reimbursement Arrangement, it is possible that the Advisory Account could be exposed to
losses in excess of its pro rata portion of the prospective investment if one or more other investment vehicles is not able to
satisfy its obligations under such arrangement or otherwise in respect of such a transaction.
In certain circumstances, Goldman Sachs, to the extent permitted by applicable law, will purchase or sell securities on
behalf of an Advisory Account as a “riskless principal”. For instance, Goldman Sachs may purchase securities from a third
party with the knowledge that an Advisory Account is interested in purchasing those securities and immediately sell the
purchased securities to such Advisory Account. In addition, in certain instances, an Advisory Account may request Goldman
Sachs to purchase a security as a principal and issue a participation or similar interest to the Advisory Account in order to
comply with applicable local regulatory requirements. In limited circumstances, Goldman Sachs could serve as clearing
agent for other Goldman Sachs clients who act as a counterparty to trades for Advisory Accounts, and Goldman Sachs will
earn a fee for these clearing services. See also Item 11, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions—Goldman Sachs
Acting in Multiple Commercial Capacities.
Goldman Sachs will have a potentially conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities to the parties in such transactions,
including with respect to a decision to enter into such transactions as well as with respect to valuation, pricing and other
terms. GSAM has developed policies and procedures in relation to such transactions and conflicts. However, there can be
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no assurance that such transactions will be effected, or that such transactions will be effected in the manner that is most
favorable to an Advisory Account that is a party to any such transactions. Cross transactions may disproportionately benefit
some Advisory Accounts relative to other Advisory Accounts due to the relative amount of market savings obtained by the
Advisory Accounts, and cross transactions may be effected at different prices for different Advisory Accounts due to
differing legal and/or regulatory requirements applicable to such Advisory Accounts. Certain Advisory Accounts are also
prohibited from participating in cross transactions, even if consent is obtained. Where principal, cross or agency cross
transactions are not prohibited, such transactions will be effected in accordance with fiduciary requirements and applicable
law (which include disclosure and consent, where required). In the case of commingled funds or certain other Advisory
Accounts, consent may be granted by a governing body or a committee of investors or independent persons acting for an
Advisory Account, in which case other investors will not have the opportunity to provide or withhold consent to the
proposed transaction. Clients may revoke consent to agency cross transactions at any time by written notice to GSAM, and
any such revocation will be effective once GSAM has received and has had a reasonable time to act on it.
Certain Effects of the Activities of Goldman Sachs and Advisory Accounts
Goldman Sachs (including GSAM), the clients it advises, and its personnel have interests in and advise Accounts (including
Advisory Accounts) that have investment objectives or portfolios similar to, related to or opposed to those of particular
Advisory Accounts or, if applicable, the Advisers to which they allocate assets. Goldman Sachs may receive greater fees or
other compensation (including performance-based fees) from such Accounts than it does from the particular Advisory
Accounts, in which case Goldman Sachs is incentivized to favor such Accounts. In addition, Goldman Sachs (including
GSAM), the clients it advises, and its personnel may engage (or consider engaging) in commercial arrangements or
transactions with Accounts, and/or compete for commercial arrangements or transactions in the same types of companies,
assets, securities and other instruments, as particular Advisory Accounts or, if applicable, particular Advisers. Such
arrangements, transactions or investments adversely affect such Advisory Accounts by, for example, limiting clients’ ability
to engage in such activity or affecting the pricing or terms of such arrangements, transactions or investments. Moreover, a
particular Advisory Account on the one hand, and Goldman Sachs or an Account (including through another Advisory
Account), on the other hand, may vote differently on or take or refrain from taking different actions with respect to the
same security, which are disadvantageous to the Advisory Account. Additionally, as described below, GSAM faces conflicts
of interest arising out of Goldman Sachs’ relationships and business dealings in connection with decisions to take or refrain
from taking certain actions on behalf of Advisory Accounts when doing so would be adverse to Goldman Sachs’
relationships or other business dealings with such parties.
Transactions by, advice to and activities of Accounts (including with respect to investment decisions, voting and the
enforcement of rights) may involve the same or related companies, securities or other assets or instruments as those in
which particular Advisory Accounts (or, if applicable, Advisers) invest, and it should be expected that such Accounts engage
in a strategy while an Advisory Account (or, if applicable, an Adviser) is undertaking the same or a differing strategy, any of
which could directly or indirectly disadvantage the Advisory Account (including its ability to engage in a transaction or other
activities).
In various circumstances, different Advisory Accounts make investments as part of a single transaction, including in
situations in which multiple Advisory Accounts comprise a single “fund family” and situations in which Advisory Accounts
make investments on a side-by-side basis on the same terms and conditions. In these circumstances, the participating
Advisory Accounts may have different interests such as different investment timing horizons, including, for example, when
certain Advisory Accounts are closed-end vehicles or otherwise have a limited investment period, while other Advisory
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Accounts are open-ended or otherwise have a less limited investment period. Similarly, capital contribution and other
obligations associated with an investment may extend beyond a particular Advisory Account’s investment period or
expected term. In such circumstances, GSAM may negotiate the terms of an investment on a collective basis and such
terms may not be as favorable, from the perspective of a particular Advisory Account, than if the Advisory Account had
been the sole participating Advisory Account. Terms required by one Advisory Account (for example, due to regulatory
requirements) when it invests may negatively impact the ability of another Advisory Account to consummate the
investment or may adversely alter its terms. Similarly, one Advisory Account may seek to dispose of an investment at a
time when it would be desirable for another Advisory Account to continue to hold such investment (or vice versa).
Depending on the structure of the applicable investment, disposing of a portion of the investment may be impractical or
costly, or may have adverse effects on the rights of Advisory Accounts continuing to hold the investment. As a result, GSAM
may be incentivized to accelerate or delay the sale, disposition or restructuring of an investment, which may have an
adverse effect on certain of the Advisory Accounts participating in the transaction. Further, a particular Advisory Account
that holds a minority interest in a portfolio company in which another Advisory Account owns a majority interest could be
adversely affected in the context of restructuring and/or recapitalization transactions with respect to such portfolio
company. When making an investment decision with respect to an investment in which multiple Advisory Accounts are
invested, Goldman Sachs may primarily take into account the specific effect such investment decision will have on the
Advisory Accounts as a whole, and not based on the best interests of any particular Advisory Account. In the event GSAM
makes different investment decisions (including with respect to the timing of dispositions, additional investments, and
other decisions) for Advisory Accounts with respect to an investment in a common portfolio company, such Advisory
Accounts could have different rates of return and profit and loss on the investment or otherwise be adversely effected.
In addition, Goldman Sachs may be engaged to provide advice to an Account that is considering entering into a transaction
with a particular Advisory Account, and Goldman Sachs may advise the Account not to pursue the transaction with the
particular Advisory Account, or otherwise in connection with a potential transaction provide advice to the Account that
would be adverse to the particular Advisory Account. Additionally, if an Advisory Account (or, if applicable, Adviser) buys a
security and an Account establishes a short position in that same security or in similar securities, such short position may
result in the impairment of the price of the security that the Advisory Account (or, if applicable, Adviser) holds or could be
designed to profit from a decline in the price of the security. An Advisory Account (or, if applicable, Adviser) could similarly
be adversely impacted if it establishes a short position, following which an Account takes a long position in the same
security or in similar securities. Furthermore, Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) may make filings in connection with a
shareholder class action lawsuit or similar matter involving a particular security on behalf of an Account (including an
Advisory Account), but not on behalf of a different Account (including a different Advisory Account) that holds or held the
same security, or that is invested in or has extended credit to different parts of the capital structure of the same issuer. See
this Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest
in Client Accounts—Investments in and Advice Regarding Different Parts of an Issuer’s Capital Structure, for a discussion of
certain additional conflicts associated with Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or Accounts (including Advisory Accounts), on
the one hand, and a particular Advisory Account, on the other hand, investing in or extending credit to different parts of the
capital structure of a single issuer. See Item 17, Voting Client Securities—Class Actions and Similar Matters for a description
of GSAM’s policies with respect to filings in connection with shareholder class actions and similar matters for separate
account clients.
Advisory Accounts are expected to transact with a variety of counterparties. Some of these counterparties will also engage
in transactions with other Accounts managed by GSAM or another Goldman Sachs entity or business unit. For example, an
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Advisory Account may purchase assets from a counterparty at the same time the counterparty (or an affiliate thereof) is
also negotiating to purchase different assets from another Account. This creates potential conflicts of interest, particularly
with respect to the terms and purchase prices of the sales. For example, Goldman Sachs may receive fees or other
compensation in connection with the sale of assets by an Account to a counterparty, which creates an incentive to
negotiate a higher purchase price for those assets in exchange for agreeing that the Advisory Account will pay a higher price
in a separate transaction where an Advisory Account is a purchaser.
Similarly, a particular Advisory Account may dispose of one or more assets through a block sale that includes assets held by
other Accounts or as part of a series of transactions in which assets from multiple Accounts are sold to the same purchaser.
This creates potential conflicts of interest, particularly with regard to the determination of the purchase prices of the
applicable assets. For example, Goldman Sachs may receive greater fees or other compensation (including performance-
based fees) in connection with the sale of assets in other Accounts that participate in a block sale as compared to the
compensation that Goldman Sachs receives in connection with the sale of assets by the particular Advisory Account. There
can be no assurance that the compensation received by the particular Advisory Account as a result of participating in a
block sale would be greater than the compensation that the particular Advisory Account would receive if its assets were
sold as part of a standalone transaction. Any such transaction will be effected in accordance with GSAM’s fiduciary
obligations.
Advisory Accounts may also have different rights in respect of an investment with the same issuer or underlying Adviser, or
invest in different classes of the same issuer (including an Underlying Fund) that have different rights, including, without
limitation, with respect to liquidity. For example, one or more Advisory Accounts may be permitted to redeem from or
otherwise liquidate their investments in an Underlying Fund at times that another Advisory Account cannot. The
determination to exercise such rights by GSAM on behalf of certain Advisory Accounts may have an adverse effect on other
Advisory Accounts.
GSAM is incentivized to cause Advisory Accounts to invest, directly or indirectly, in securities, bank loans or other
obligations of companies affiliated with Goldman Sachs, advised by Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or in which Goldman
Sachs or Accounts (including Advisory Accounts) have an equity, debt or other interest, or to engage in investment
transactions that may result in Goldman Sachs or other Accounts (including through other Advisory Accounts) being
relieved of obligations or otherwise divested of investments. For example, certain Advisory Accounts acquire securities or
indebtedness of a company affiliated with Goldman Sachs directly or indirectly through syndicate or secondary market
purchases, or make a loan to, or purchase securities from, a company that uses the proceeds to repay loans made by
Goldman Sachs. These activities by an Advisory Account may enhance the profitability of Goldman Sachs or other Accounts
(including Advisory Accounts) with respect to their investment in and activities relating to such companies. Advisory
Accounts will not be entitled to compensation as a result of this enhanced profitability.
Goldman Sachs makes loans to, and enters into margin, asset-based or other credit facilities or similar transactions with,
clients, companies, individuals, or Advisers or their affiliates, that are secured by publicly or privately held securities or
other assets, including by a client’s assets or interests in an Advisory Account. Some of these borrowers are public or
private companies, or founders, officers or shareholders in companies in which Goldman Sachs or Advisory Accounts or
other Accounts (directly or indirectly) invest, and such loans may be secured by securities of such companies, which may be
the same as, pari passu with, or more senior or junior to, interests held (directly or indirectly) by Goldman Sachs, its
Advisory Accounts or other Accounts. For example, Goldman Sachs has in the past extended, and expects to continue to
extend, loans to persons who own and/or control the management companies and/or general partners of Underlying Funds
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in which Advisory Accounts invest (such loans, “Management Loans”). Management Loans in some cases are collateralized
by management company interests, general partner interests, limited partner interests, carried interest allocations, and/or
other securities or contractual rights relating to Underlying Funds in which Advisory Accounts invest. Other borrowers
include Goldman Sachs PWM clients that pledge their interests in certain Advisory Accounts to Goldman Sachs as collateral
for such loans. In connection with its rights as lender, Goldman Sachs acts to protect its own commercial interest and may
take actions that adversely affect the borrower, including by liquidating or causing the liquidation of securities on behalf of
a borrower, foreclosing and liquidating such securities in Goldman Sachs’ own name, or assuming control over the relevant
collateral. Goldman Sachs will be under no obligation to consider the interests of Advisory Accounts (even Advisory
Accounts that have direct or indirect investments in the Underlying Fund(s) that served as collateral in whole or in part for a
particular Management Loan). Such actions will adversely affect Advisory Accounts (if, for example, a large position in a
security is liquidated, among the other potential adverse consequences will be that the value of such security will decline
rapidly and Advisory Accounts holding (directly or indirectly) such security will in turn decline in value or will be unable to
liquidate their positions in such security at an advantageous price or at all). With respect to Management Loans, the
exercise of Goldman Sachs’ remedies could result in changes to the ownership, management or control of one or more
Underlying Funds, potentially affecting the performance, strategy, or operations of Advisory Accounts that invest in such
Underlying Funds. In addition, any foreclosure on collateral consisting of interests in an Advisory Account could have an
adverse effect on that Advisory Account and its financing arrangements. For a discussion of certain additional conflicts
associated with Goldman Sachs or Accounts, on the one hand, and a particular Advisory Account, on the other hand,
investing in or extending credit to different parts of the capital structure of a single issuer, see this Item 11, Code of Ethics,
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Accounts—
Investments in and Advice Regarding Different Parts of an Issuer’s Capital Structure.
Conflicts of interest also arise in the context of a restructuring or refinancing of debt securities that are owned by both
Goldman Sachs and Advisory Accounts. In connection with any such restructuring or refinancing, the issuer could ask for
broad liability releases not only from the participants themselves, but in addition from any affiliates of the participants that
also hold the debt securities being restructured or refinanced. To the extent that a particular Advisory Account does not
have the authority to provide such a release and is unable to negotiate a narrower release, it would be precluded from
participating in the transaction, which could disadvantage such Advisory Account.
Subject to applicable law, Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or Accounts (including GSAM Employee Funds or other Advisory
Accounts) may invest in or alongside particular Advisory Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles. These investments
may be on terms more favorable than those of an investment by Advisory Accounts in such a pooled investment vehicle and
constitute a substantial percentage of the assets of the pooled investment vehicle, resulting in particular Advisory Accounts
being allocated a smaller share of the investment than would be the case absent the side-by-side investment. In addition,
when Goldman Sachs buys or sells securities or other instruments (such as derivatives used for hedging purposes) for its own
account at the same time such securities or other instruments are bought or sold for a particular Advisory Account, Goldman
Sachs has in the past executed, and expects in the future to execute, such transactions through an affiliated broker-dealer,
whereas the Advisory Account transaction is generally executed through a third-party broker-dealer. The terms of any such
transactions, including execution price, are expected to differ, and the particular Advisory Account may be subject to a
different level of counterparty risk than Goldman Sachs in connection with such transactions. In the event of the failure of a
direct counterparty of the Advisory Account to perform its obligations under a particular trade, the interests of Goldman
Sachs and the Advisory Account will not be aligned as intended, and the Advisory Account may sustain losses in cases when
Goldman Sachs does not.
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Furthermore, the participation of GSAM employees in certain GSAM Employee Funds may create an incentive to influence
the allocation of an attractive investment opportunity to the GSAM Employee Fund, and certain Goldman Sachs personnel
may have a larger investment in certain GSAM Employee Funds relative to other GSAM Employee Funds, which may
present differing incentives including with respect to allocations of investment opportunities. Unless provided otherwise by
agreement to the contrary, Goldman Sachs or Accounts may redeem or withdraw interests in these pooled investment
vehicles at any time without notice to or regard to the effect on the portfolios of Advisory Accounts invested in the pooled
investment vehicle, and adversely affect such Advisory Accounts. Substantial requests for redemption or withdrawal by
Goldman Sachs in a concentrated period of time could require a pooled investment vehicle to liquidate certain of its
investments more rapidly than otherwise desirable in order to raise cash to fund the redemptions or withdrawals, adversely
affecting the pooled investment vehicle and its investors, including Advisory Accounts.
The terms of an investment in a GSAM Employee Fund are typically different from, and more favorable than, those of an
investment by a third-party investor in an Advisory Account. For example, investors in a GSAM Employee Fund generally
are not subject to management fees or performance-based compensation, share in the performance-based compensation,
will not have their commitments pledged under a subscription facility, and will receive capital calls, distributions and
information regarding investments at different times than third-party investors, and may receive equity compensation from
underlying portfolio companies. It should be expected that, to the extent permitted by law, certain investors in a GSAM
Employee Fund will be provided leverage by Goldman Sachs. In the event of a substantial decline in the value of a GSAM
Employee Fund’s investments, the leverage, if any, provided to employees may have the effect of rendering the
investments by employees effectively worthless, which could undermine the potential alignment of interest between
employees and third-party investors. In certain circumstances, subject to applicable law, Goldman Sachs will offer to
purchase, redeem or liquidate the interests held by one or more investors in a GSAM Employee Fund (potentially on terms
advantageous to such GSAM Employee Fund’s investors) or to release one or more investors in a GSAM Employee Fund
from their obligations to fund capital commitments without offering third-party investors the same or a similar opportunity.
Furthermore, Goldman Sachs personnel may also participate in one or more investments through a co-investment program
or otherwise, which may also affect alignment of interests.
Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) creates, writes, sells, issues, invests in or acts as placement agent or distributor of
derivative instruments related to Advisory Accounts such as pooled investment vehicles, or with respect to underlying
securities or assets of an Advisory Account or which are otherwise based on or seek to replicate or hedge the performance
of an Advisory Account. Such derivative transactions, and any associated hedging activity, may differ from and be adverse
to the interests of Advisory Accounts. For example, derivative transactions could represent leveraged investments in an
Underlying Fund that is a hedge fund, and the leveraged characteristics of such investments could make it more likely, due
to events of default or otherwise, that there would be significant redemptions of interests from such Underlying Fund more
quickly than might otherwise be the case. Goldman Sachs, acting in commercial capacities in connection with such
derivative transactions, may in fact cause such a redemption. Activities in respect of derivative transactions, and any
associated hedging activity, may occur as a result of Goldman Sachs’ adjustment in assessment of an investment or Adviser
based on various considerations, and Goldman Sachs will not be under any obligation or other duty to provide notice to
Advisory Accounts in respect of any such adjustment in assessment.
Accounts may be offered (or may already have) access to advisory services through several different Goldman Sachs
businesses (including through GS&Co. and GSAM). Different advisory businesses within Goldman Sachs manage Accounts
according to different strategies and apply different criteria to the same or similar strategies and have differing investment
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views in respect of an issuer or a security or other investment. Similarly, within GSAM certain investment teams or
portfolio managers can have differing or opposite investment views in respect of an issuer or a security, and as a result
some or all of the positions an investment team or portfolio manager takes in respect of an Advisory Account it manages
will be inconsistent with, or adverse to, the interests and activities of Advisory Accounts advised by other GSAM investment
teams or portfolio managers. Moreover, research, analyses or viewpoints will be available to clients or potential clients at
different times. Goldman Sachs will not have any obligation or other duty to make available to Advisory Accounts any
research or analysis at any particular time or prior to its public dissemination.
The timing of transactions entered into or recommended by Goldman Sachs, on behalf of itself or its clients, including
Advisory Accounts, may negatively impact Advisory Accounts or benefit certain other Accounts, including other Advisory
Accounts. For example, if Goldman Sachs, on behalf of one or more Accounts (including Advisory Accounts), implements an
investment decision or strategy ahead of, or contemporaneously with, or behind similar investment decisions or strategies
made for Advisory Accounts (whether or not the investment decisions emanate from the same research analysis or other
information), it could result, due to market impact or other factors, in liquidity constraints or in certain Advisory Accounts
receiving less favorable investment or trading results or incurring increased costs. Similarly, if Goldman Sachs implements
an investment decision or strategy that results in a purchase (or sale) of a security for one Advisory Account, such
implementation may increase the value of such security already held by another Advisory Account (or decrease the value of
such security that such other Advisory Account intends to purchase), thereby benefitting such other Advisory Account.
GSAM, in its discretion, in certain circumstances recommends that certain Advisory Accounts and/or certain of their
portfolio companies have ongoing business dealings, arrangements or agreements with persons who are (i) former
employees of Goldman Sachs, (ii) affiliates or other portfolio companies of Goldman Sachs or other Advisory Accounts, (iii)
Goldman Sachs’ employees’ family members and/or relatives and/or certain of their portfolio companies or (iv) persons
otherwise associated with an Advisory Account investor, portfolio company, or service provider. The Advisory Accounts
and/or their portfolio companies may bear, directly or indirectly, the costs of such dealings, arrangements or agreements.
These recommendations, and recommendations relating to continuing any such dealings, arrangements or agreements,
pose conflicts of interest and may be based on differing incentives due to Goldman Sachs’ relationships with such persons.
In particular, when acting on behalf of, and making decisions for, Advisory Accounts, GSAM may take into account Goldman
Sachs’ interests in maintaining its relationships and business dealings with such persons. As a result, GSAM faces conflicts
of interest arising out of Goldman Sachs’ relationships and business dealings in connection with decisions to take or refrain
from taking certain actions on behalf of Advisory Accounts when doing so would be adverse to Goldman Sachs’
relationships or other business dealings with such parties. Additionally, certain GSAM Personnel have family members or
relatives that are actively involved in industries, sectors and companies in which Advisory Accounts (including Advisory
Accounts for which the relevant GSAM Personnel serves as portfolio manager) invest, which gives rise to potential or actual
conflicts of interest in connection with GSAM Personnel’s decisions to take or refrain from taking certain actions on behalf
of Advisory Accounts.
Potential Conflicts Related to Lending and Loan Syndication
Goldman Sachs operates in the debt markets, including the leveraged finance markets, and is an active arranger of senior
and mezzanine financings in the syndicated loan market and the high yield market for financing acquisitions,
recapitalizations and other transactions. From time to time, an Advisory Account will invest in transactions in which
Goldman Sachs acts as arranger and receives fees in connection with these financings. In certain instances, an Advisory
Account will purchase loans and/or debt securities and receive representations and warranties directly from the borrower,
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while in other instances, an Advisory Account will need to rely on a private placement memorandum from Goldman Sachs
or others, and purchase such loans and/or debt securities at different times and/or terms than other purchasers of such
loans. When an Advisory Account purchases such loans directly or indirectly from Goldman Sachs and Goldman Sachs
receives a fee from a borrower or an issuer for placing such loans and/or debt securities with an Advisory Account, certain
conflicts of interest arise.
Investments in and Advice Regarding Different Parts of an Issuer’s Capital Structure
In some cases, Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or Accounts (including Advisory Accounts), on the one hand, and a
particular Advisory Account, on the other hand, invest in or extend credit to the same issuer, but in different parts of the
issuer’s capital structure. As a result, Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or Accounts may take actions that adversely affect
the particular Advisory Account. In addition, in some cases, Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) advises Accounts with respect
to part of the capital structure of an issuer where a particular Advisory Account has an investment in different classes of
securities of such issuer that are subordinate or senior to the securities with respect to which Goldman Sachs (including
GSAM) is providing advice. Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) is able to pursue rights, provide advice or engage in other
activities, or refrain from pursuing rights, providing advice or engaging in other activities, on behalf of itself or Accounts
with respect to an issuer in which a particular Advisory Account has invested, and such actions (or inaction) may have an
adverse effect on such Advisory Account.
For example, in the event that Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or an Account holds loans, securities or other positions in
the capital structure of an issuer that rank senior in preference to the holdings of a particular Advisory Account in the same
issuer, and the issuer experiences financial or operational challenges, Goldman Sachs (including GSAM), acting on behalf of
itself or the Account, may seek a liquidation, reorganization or restructuring of the issuer, or terms in connection with the
foregoing, that could have an adverse effect on or otherwise conflicts with the interests of the particular Advisory Account’s
holdings in the issuer. In determining its course of action, Goldman Sachs will not consider the interests of the particular
Advisory Account. For example, Goldman Sachs may determine to seek a liquidation, reorganization or restructuring that
causes a particular Advisory Account’s holdings in the issuer to be extinguished or substantially diluted, while Goldman
Sachs (including GSAM) or an Account recovers some or all of the amounts due to them. In addition, in connection with any
lending arrangements involving the issuer in which Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or an Account participates, Goldman
Sachs (including GSAM) or the Account may seek to exercise its rights under the applicable loan agreement or other
document in a manner detrimental to the particular Advisory Account. Alternatively, in situations in which an Advisory
Account holds a more senior position in the capital structure of an issuer experiencing financial or other challenges as
compared to positions held by other Accounts (including those of Goldman Sachs and GSAM), GSAM may determine not to
pursue actions and remedies available to the Advisory Account or enforce particular terms that might be unfavorable to the
Accounts holding the less senior position. In addition, in the event that Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or the Accounts
hold voting securities of an issuer in which a particular Advisory Account holds loans, bonds or other credit-related assets or
securities, Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or the Accounts may vote on certain matters in a manner that has an adverse
effect on the positions held by the Advisory Account. Conversely, Advisory Accounts may hold voting securities or credit-
related assets of an issuer in which Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or Accounts hold credit-related assets or securities,
and GSAM may determine on behalf of the Advisory Accounts not to vote in a manner adverse to Goldman Sachs (including
GSAM) or the Accounts (including by abstaining from the relevant vote or voting in line with other similarly situated
investors). Finally, Goldman Sachs has certain relationships and other business dealings with issuers, other holders of
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credit-related assets or securities of such issuers, or other transaction participants that cause Goldman Sachs to pursue an
action or engage in a transaction that has an adverse effect on the positions held by the Advisory Account.
These potential issues are examples of conflicts that Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) will face in situations in which
Advisory Accounts, and Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or other Accounts, invest in or extend credit to different parts of
the capital structure of a single issuer or related issuers. Similar conflicts can arise among Accounts (which includes
proprietary accounts of Goldman Sachs and Advisory Accounts) in other contexts. For example, one Account could own
equity in a portfolio company and another Account could hold debt obligations issued by the portfolio company.
Alternatively, a capital structure could involve multiple entities with Accounts holding interests in different entities and with
different seniority. By way of example, one Account could hold debt issued by a parent entity and another Account could
hold debt issued by a subsidiary entity. An Account that holds debt issued by the parent entity is structurally subordinated
to the debt issued by the subsidiary entity with respect to the assets of the subsidiary entity. Related conflicts also occur
where there is debt issued to an Account by a part owner of an entity and equity in that entity is owned by a different
Account. When Accounts hold interests of differing seniority levels within a capital structure, their interests will diverge in
certain situations, particularly in the event of financial distress for the company.
Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) addresses these issues based on the circumstances of particular situations. For example,
Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) relies on information barriers between different Goldman Sachs (including GSAM)
business units or portfolio management teams. GSAM may have the right (but not the obligation), in its sole discretion, to
utilize, on a case-by-case basis, a committee of investors in an Advisory Account or other persons to provide advice or
consent with respect to one or more transactions or actions. Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) in some circumstances relies
on the actions of similarly situated holders of loans or securities rather than, or in connection with, taking such actions itself
on behalf of the Advisory Account.
As a result of the various conflicts and related issues described above and the fact that conflicts will not necessarily be
resolved in favor of the interests of particular Advisory Accounts, Advisory Accounts could sustain losses during periods in
which Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) and other Accounts (including Advisory Accounts) achieve profits generally or with
respect to particular holdings in the same issuer, or could achieve lower profits or higher losses than would have been the
case had the conflicts described above not existed. It should be expected that the negative effects described above will be
more pronounced in connection with transactions in, or Advisory Accounts or, if applicable, Advisers utilizing, small
capitalization, emerging market, distressed or less liquid strategies.
Lending Activities of Goldman Sachs and Advisory Accounts
Certain Advisory Accounts can extend loans (including net asset value loans and asset-backed loans) to investment funds
whose portfolio companies have direct or indirect relationships with Goldman Sachs or its clients. For example, and without
limitation, an Advisory Account could participate in a loan to a fund managed by a person other than Goldman Sachs (such
fund, a “Third Party Fund”), where such Third Party Fund has investments in one or more loans or other instruments
originated or serviced by Goldman Sachs (including GSAM and Goldman Sachs businesses outside of GSAM, in each case on
its own behalf and/or on behalf of its clients). Similarly, without limiting the foregoing, an Advisory Account could
participate in a loan to a Third Party Fund where: (i) such Third Party Fund’s portfolio companies are owned (in whole or in
part) by Goldman Sachs (including GSAM and one or more Goldman Sachs businesses outside of GSAM, in each case on its
own behalf and/or on behalf of its clients); (ii) GSAM or a Goldman Sachs business outside of GSAM (in each case, on its
own behalf or on behalf of its clients) has provided a loan or other financing to such Third Party Fund’s portfolio companies;
or (iii) the Third Party Fund itself or its portfolio companies have engaged Goldman Sachs in a service provider, hedge
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counterparty or other capacity. In such circumstances, the interests of the Advisory Account might conflict with the
interests of Goldman Sachs (including GSAM and Goldman Sachs businesses outside of GSAM, in each case on its own
behalf and/or on behalf of its clients), and Goldman Sachs, when acting in its capacity as lender, service provider, hedge
counterparty or owner of any portfolio company of any Third Party Fund, will be under no obligation to consider the
interests of the Advisory Account. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Third Party Fund would typically be expected to
perform its obligations under a relevant loan or other instrument originated or serviced by Goldman Sachs and, to the
extent there is an adverse event on any loan collateral (for example, as a result of GSAM or a Goldman Sachs business
outside of GSAM (in each case, on its own behalf and/or on behalf of its clients) taking enforcement action as a lender or
hedge counterparty to a portfolio company or taking action or inaction as equity owner of a portfolio company to which a
loan has been extended), to cure any borrowing base deficiency or events of default caused by such collateral event by, for
example, partially repaying the relevant loan or substituting collateral such that an Advisory Account would not in the
ordinary course be expected to be adversely impacted by such collateral event. However, if a Third Party Fund ultimately
fails to perform its obligations under such loan or other instrument and Goldman Sachs (as, for example, lender to such
Third Party Fund’s portfolio companies) were to itself foreclose, or take any action (or inaction) as equity owner or other
counterparty to such portfolio companies, such foreclosure, action or inaction by Goldman Sachs could itself impair the
collateral underlying the Advisory Account’s loan to such Third Party Fund. There can, therefore, be no assurances that
actions undertaken by Goldman Sachs (including GSAM and one or more Goldman Sachs businesses outside of GSAM, in
each case on its own behalf and/or on behalf of its clients) in its capacity as lender, service provider, counterparty or owner
of any portfolio company of any such Third Party Fund will not have an adverse impact on the Advisory Account’s loan(s) to
such fund or will otherwise not result in a worse outcome for the Advisory Account than would have resulted had Goldman
Sachs not undertaken such action.
Potential Conflicts Relating to Follow-On Investments
From time to time, GSAM provides opportunities to Advisory Accounts to make investments in companies in which certain
Advisory Accounts have already invested. Such follow-on investments can create conflicts of interest, such as the
determination of the terms of the new investment and the allocation of such opportunities among Advisory Accounts.
Follow-on investment opportunities may be available to Advisory Accounts with no existing investment in the issuer,
resulting in the assets of an Advisory Account potentially providing value to, or otherwise supporting the investments of,
other Advisory Accounts. Please refer to Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management, for a non-
exclusive list of various factors considered in connection with allocation-related decisions for Advisory Accounts.
Advisory Accounts may also participate in releveraging, recapitalization, and similar transactions involving companies in
which other Advisory Accounts have invested or will invest. Conflicts of interest in these and other transactions arise
between Advisory Accounts with existing investments in a company or Advisory Accounts liquidating their investment in the
company, on the one hand, and Advisory Accounts making subsequent investments in the company, on the other hand,
which have opposing interests regarding pricing and other terms. In addition, the subsequent investments may dilute or
otherwise adversely affect the interests of the previously-invested Advisory Accounts. See this Item 11, Code of Ethics,
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Transactions—
Investments in and Advice Regarding Different Parts of an Issuer’s Capital Structure.
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Timing and Manner of Realization of Investments; Continuation Vehicles
In certain cases, GSAM could seek to restructure one or more investments made by a particular Advisory Account that is a
pooled investment vehicle by establishing a continuation vehicle to purchase such investments, potentially alongside other
affiliates of GSAM. If a continuation vehicle is established, investors in the particular Advisory Account may be given the
opportunity to continue participating in such investments through the continuation vehicle (subject to terms that may or
may not be similar to those with respect to such investment through an investment in the Advisory Account) or to exit such
investments as part of the transaction. Depending on the structure of the transaction and the elections made by the
Advisory Account investors, the interests of such Advisory Account investors (and/or investors in other Advisory Accounts
and other affiliates of GSAM) that choose to participate in or alongside the continuation vehicle could diverge from the
interests of any investors in the particular Advisory Account that choose to realize their interests in such investments, and
the two groups will ultimately hold the same investments for different amounts of time and realize different returns on the
same investments. The establishment of continuation vehicles with respect to Advisory Accounts that are pooled
investment vehicles also presents conflicts of interest between GSAM, on the one hand, and the applicable Advisory
Accounts, on the other hand. GSAM will be acting on behalf of, and making the investment decisions for, both the Advisory
Accounts and the applicable continuation vehicles. Further, because GSAM is expected to have the opportunity to earn
additional management fees and/or receive performance compensation, among other benefits, in respect of a continuation
vehicle, and because each purchaser’s commitment to acquire interests in the continuation vehicle would be expected to
be conditioned upon the completion of the transaction associated with the establishment of the continuation vehicle,
GSAM will have a conflict of interest in determining transaction terms and participants. In the event that the Advisory
Accounts propose to sell any assets to a continuation vehicle and that sale fails to close for any reason, the Advisory
Accounts would typically bear the broken-deal expenses relating to the proposed transaction, including fees for services
that would only have accrued to the benefit of certain subsets of investors in the Advisory Accounts, such as, where
applicable, those electing to continue their participation, if the transaction had closed.
Considerations Relating to Information Held by Goldman Sachs
Goldman Sachs has established certain information barriers and other policies designed to address the sharing of
information between different businesses within Goldman Sachs. As a result of information barriers, GSAM Public generally
will not have access, or will have limited access, to certain information and personnel, including senior personnel, in GSAM
Private and in other areas of Goldman Sachs, and generally will not manage Advisory Accounts with the benefit of
information held by GSAM Private and these other areas of Goldman Sachs. Conversely, GSAM Private generally will not
have access, or will have limited access, to certain information and personnel, including senior personnel, in GSAM Public,
and generally will not manage Advisory Accounts with the benefit of information held by GSAM Public. GSAM Private is
within the same information barrier as the Investment Banking business unit in the Global Banking and Markets business.
Advisory Accounts may have certain mandates managed by GSAM Private and GSAM Public, and may also have single
mandates with respect to which certain portions are managed by GSAM Private and other portions are managed by GSAM
Public. In such circumstances, Advisory Accounts may be adversely affected due to the information barrier between GSAM
Private and GSAM Public and the resulting limitations on access regarding information and personnel described above. For
example, single mandates which have different portions managed by each of GSAM Private and GSAM Public may not have
a single portfolio management team making investment decisions in connection with the entire mandate, and there may be
limits on coordination between the GSAM Private and GSAM Public portfolio management teams.
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Goldman Sachs, due to its access to and knowledge of funds, markets and securities based on its prime brokerage and other
businesses, will from time to time make decisions based on information or take (or refrain from taking) actions with respect
to interests in investments of the kind held (directly or indirectly) by Advisory Accounts in a manner that is adverse to
Advisory Accounts, and will not have any obligation or other duty to share information with GSAM.
In limited circumstances, including for purposes of managing business and reputational risk, and subject to policies and
procedures, personnel on one side of an information barrier may have access to information and personnel on the other
side of the information barrier through “wall crossings.” GSAM faces conflicts of interest in determining whether to engage
in such wall crossings. In addition, Goldman Sachs or GSAM may determine to move certain personnel, businesses, or
business units from one side of an information barrier to the other side of the information barrier. In connection therewith,
Goldman Sachs personnel, businesses, and business units that are moved will no longer have access to the personnel,
businesses and business units on the side of the information barrier from which they are moved.
Information obtained in connection with wall crossings and changes to information barriers may limit or restrict the ability
of GSAM to engage in or otherwise effect transactions on behalf of Advisory Accounts (including purchasing or selling
securities that GSAM may otherwise have purchased or sold for an Advisory Account). There may also be circumstances in
which, as a result of information held by certain portfolio management teams in GSAM, GSAM limits an activity or
transaction for Advisory Accounts, including Advisory Accounts managed by portfolio management teams other than the
team holding such information. See Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Accounts—Certain Effects of the Activities of Goldman Sachs and Advisory
Accounts and Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or
Interest in Client Accounts—Firm Policies, Regulatory Restrictions, and Certain Other Factors Affecting Advisory Accounts.
In managing conflicts of interest that arise as a result of the foregoing, GSAM generally will be subject to fiduciary
requirements.
In addition, regardless of the existence of information barriers, Goldman Sachs will not have any obligation or other duty to
make available for the benefit of Advisory Accounts any information regarding Goldman Sachs’ trading activities, strategies
or views, or the activities, strategies or views used for other Advisory Accounts or other Accounts. Furthermore, to the
extent that GSAM has developed fundamental analysis and proprietary technical models or other information, Goldman
Sachs and its personnel, or other parts of GSAM, will not be under any obligation or other duty to share certain information
with Advisory Accounts, and such Advisory Accounts may make investment decisions that differ from those they would
have made if Goldman Sachs or GSAM had provided such information, and be disadvantaged as a result thereof.
Different areas of GSAM and Goldman Sachs take views, and make decisions or recommendations, that are different than
those of other areas of GSAM and Goldman Sachs. Different portfolio management teams and different portfolio managers
within GSAM make decisions based on information or take (or refrain from taking) actions with respect to Advisory
Accounts they advise in a manner different than or adverse to other Advisory Accounts. Such teams may not share
information with other portfolio management teams or other portfolio managers within GSAM (or other areas of Goldman
Sachs), including as a result of certain information barriers and other policies, and will not have any obligation or other duty
to do so.
Goldman Sachs operates a business known as Prime Services, which provides prime brokerage, administrative and other
services to clients that from time to time involve Underlying Funds or markets and securities in which HFS Advisory
Accounts or other Advisory Accounts invest. Prime Services and other parts of Goldman Sachs have broad access to
information regarding the current status of certain markets, investments and funds and detailed information about fund
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operators that is not available to GSAM. In addition, Goldman Sachs from time to time acts as a prime broker to one or
more Underlying Funds, in which case Goldman Sachs will have information concerning the investments and transactions of
such Underlying Funds that is not available to GSAM. As a result of these and other activities, parts of Goldman Sachs will
possess information in respect of markets, investments, Advisers and Underlying Funds, which, if known to GSAM, might
cause GSAM to seek to dispose of, retain or increase interests in investments held by Advisory Accounts or acquire certain
positions on behalf of Advisory Accounts, or take other actions. Goldman Sachs will be under no obligation or other duty to
make any such information available to GSAM or personnel involved in decision-making for Advisory Accounts.
The conflicts described herein with respect to information barriers and otherwise with respect to Goldman Sachs and GSAM
also apply to Asset & Wealth Management (of which GSAM is a part), as well as to the businesses within Asset & Wealth
Management (including GSAM).
Goldman Sachs Acting in Multiple Commercial Capacities
Goldman Sachs faces conflicts of interest in providing and selecting services for Advisory Accounts because Goldman Sachs
provides many services and has many commercial relationships with companies and affiliated and unaffiliated Underlying
Funds (or their applicable personnel). In this regard, Goldman Sachs may be hired by GSAM on behalf of an Advisory
Account or directly by an Advisory Account, or by an Underlying Fund or a company in which an Advisory Account has an
interest, to provide investment advisory, custody, distribution, transfer agency, administrative, lending or other services to
the Advisory Account, company or Underlying Fund. In addition, a company in which an Advisory Account has an interest
(or in which an Advisory Account acquires an interest in the future) may hire Goldman Sachs to provide underwriting,
merger advisory, other financial advisory, placement agency, foreign currency or other hedging, research, asset
management services, brokerage services or other services to the company. Furthermore, Goldman Sachs sponsors,
manages, advises or provides services to affiliated Underlying Funds (or their personnel) in which Advisory Accounts invest
and also provides guarantees with respect to certain fixed income investment products in which certain Advisory Accounts
may invest. In addition, Goldman Sachs may simultaneously provide the same or different services to a portfolio company
and certain personnel thereof. In connection with such commercial relationships and services, Goldman Sachs receives
fees, compensation and remuneration that should be expected to be substantial, as well as other benefits.
In connection with providing such services, Goldman Sachs takes commercial steps in its own interest, or advises the parties
to which it is providing services, or takes other actions, any of which may have an adverse effect on an Advisory Account.
Such actions may benefit Goldman Sachs. For example, Goldman Sachs may require repayment of all or part of a loan from
a company in which Advisory Accounts hold an interest, which could cause the company to default or be required to
liquidate its assets more rapidly, which could adversely affect the value of the company and the value of the Advisory
Accounts invested therein. If Goldman Sachs advises a company to make changes to its capital structure, the result would
be a reduction in the value or priority of a security held (directly or indirectly) by Advisory Accounts. In addition,
underwriters, placement agents or managers of initial public offerings, including GS&Co., often require Advisory Accounts
who hold privately placed securities of a company to execute a lock-up agreement prior to such company’s initial public
offering restricting the resale of the securities for a period of time before and following the IPO. As a result, GSAM will be
restricted from selling the securities in such Advisory Accounts at a more favorable price. Actions taken or advised to be
taken by Goldman Sachs in connection with other types of transactions may also result in adverse consequences for
Advisory Accounts.
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Providing services to Advisory Accounts, Underlying Funds (or personnel of the applicable underlying Adviser) and
companies (or their personnel) in which the Advisory Accounts invest enhances Goldman Sachs’ relationships with various
parties, facilitates additional business development and enables Goldman Sachs to obtain additional business and/or
generate additional revenue. Providing such services may also result in Goldman Sachs receiving substantial fees,
compensation, and/or remuneration. Advisory Accounts will not be entitled to compensation related to any such benefit to
businesses of Goldman Sachs or GSAM. In addition, such relationships may adversely impact Advisory Accounts, including,
for example, by restricting potential investment opportunities, as described below, incentivizing GSAM to take or refrain
from taking certain actions on behalf of Advisory Accounts when doing so would be adverse to such business relationships,
and/or influencing GSAM’s selection or recommendation of certain investment products and/or strategies over others.
Please see this Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation
or Interest in Client Transactions—Certain Effects of the Activities of Goldman Sachs and Advisory Accounts.
Certain of Goldman Sachs’ activities on behalf of its clients also restrict investment opportunities that are otherwise
available to Advisory Accounts. For example, Goldman Sachs is often engaged by companies as a financial advisor, or to
provide financing or other services, in connection with commercial transactions that are potential investment opportunities
for Advisory Accounts. There are circumstances in which Advisory Accounts are precluded from participating in such
transactions as a result of Goldman Sachs’ engagement by such companies. In addition, in connection with an equity
offering of securities of a portfolio company for which Goldman Sachs is acting as an underwriter, Advisory Accounts will, in
certain instances, be subject to regulatory restrictions (in addition to contractual restrictions) on their ability to sell equity
securities of the portfolio company for a period after completion of the offering. Goldman Sachs reserves the right to act
for these companies in such circumstances, notwithstanding the potential adverse effect on Advisory Accounts. Goldman
Sachs (including GSAM) also represents creditor or debtor companies in proceedings under Chapter 11 of the U.S.
Bankruptcy Code (and equivalent non-U.S. bankruptcy laws) or prior to these filings. From time to time, Goldman Sachs
(including GSAM) serves on creditor or equity committees. It should be expected that these actions, for which Goldman
Sachs (or GSAM, as applicable) may be compensated, will limit or preclude the flexibility that the Advisory Account
otherwise has to buy or sell securities issued by those companies, as well as certain real estate or other assets. Please also
refer to this Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or
Interest in Client Transactions—Considerations Relating to Information Held by Goldman Sachs above and this Item 11,
Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client
Transactions—Firm Policies and Regulatory Restrictions Affecting Advisory Accounts below.
Goldman Sachs is frequently engaged as a financial advisor or financing provider to corporations and other entities and
their management teams, including companies in which Advisory Accounts have an equity or debt investment, in
connection with the sale of those companies or some or all of their assets. Goldman Sachs’ compensation in connection
with these engagements may be substantial and is usually based upon sales proceeds and contingent, in substantial part,
upon a sale. As a result, in situations where sellers require Goldman Sachs to act exclusively on their behalf, Advisory
Accounts will be precluded in many instances from attempting to acquire securities of the business being sold or otherwise
participate as a buyer in the transaction. Goldman Sachs’ decision to take on seller engagements is based upon a number
of factors, including the likelihood in any particular situation that the successful buyer will be a financial purchaser rather
than a strategic purchaser, the likelihood that any Advisory Accounts will be involved in the financing of that transaction
and the compensation Goldman Sachs might receive by representing the seller. Goldman Sachs may be given a choice by a
seller of acting as its agent, as a potential purchaser of securities or assets, or as a buyer’s source of financing through
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Advisory Accounts. Goldman Sachs reserves the right to act as the seller’s agent in those circumstances, even where this
choice may preclude Advisory Accounts from acquiring the relevant securities or assets. Advisory Accounts can provide
financing to buyers in connection with the buyer’s purchase of securities or assets where Goldman Sachs is acting as adviser
to the seller.
Goldman Sachs also represents potential buyers of businesses, including private equity sponsors, and Goldman Sachs’
compensation in connection with these representations may be substantial. In these cases, Goldman Sachs’ compensation
is usually a flat fee that is contingent, in substantial part, upon a purchase. Accordingly, Goldman Sachs may have an
incentive to direct an acquisition opportunity to one of these parties rather than to Advisory Accounts or to form a
consortium with one or more of these parties to bid for the acquisition opportunity, thereby eliminating or reducing the
investment opportunity available to Advisory Accounts. Furthermore, Goldman Sachs may seek to provide acquisition
financing to one or more other bidders in these auctions, including in situations where an Advisory Account is bidding for
the asset. In addition, Advisory Accounts may seek to provide acquisition financing to the buyer or one or more other
bidders, which could be in competition with Goldman Sachs providing acquisition financing. Moreover, Goldman Sachs may
provide financing to an Advisory Account in situations where it is also offering financing to one or more other bidders and
such other bidders could be in competition with Advisory Accounts to provide financing. Goldman Sachs’ buyer and
financing assignments may include representation of clients who would not permit either Goldman Sachs or affiliates
thereof, potentially including Advisory Accounts, to invest in the acquired company. In this case, none of GSAM or its
affiliates, including Advisory Accounts, would be allowed to participate as an investor. In some cases, a buyer represented
by Goldman Sachs may invite GSAM and certain Advisory Accounts to participate in the investment. Alternatively, GSAM
and certain Advisory Accounts may be invited to provide financing for this type of purchase. Each of these situations is
likely to present difficult competing considerations involving conflicts of interest between Goldman Sachs and Advisory
Accounts, including, for example, the price or terms of any Advisory Account investment in company advised by Goldman
Sachs. In addition, Goldman Sachs may accept buyer advisory assignments in respect of a company in which Advisory
Accounts have an equity or debt investment. Advisory Accounts may be precluded from selling their investment during the
assignment. Goldman Sachs evaluates potential buyer assignments in light of factors similar to those that will be
considered in engaging in seller assignments.
Allocation of Personnel, Services and/or Resources
Conflicts of interest may arise in allocating time, personnel and/or resources of GSAM among the investment activities of
multiple Advisory Accounts. GSAM and other Goldman Sachs personnel who play key roles in managing the Advisory
Accounts may spend a portion of their time on matters other than or only tangentially related to any particular Advisory
Account, or may leave GSAM for another investment group of Goldman Sachs (or may leave Goldman Sachs entirely). Time
may be spent on other Goldman Sachs investment activities, including without limitation, investments made on behalf of
Goldman Sachs and certain other entities (including SPACs) that are not investment advisory clients of GSAM. As a result,
the other obligations of these individuals could conflict with their responsibilities to any of the Advisory Accounts. Further,
GSAM may devote less time, services or resources to sourcing for investments of insufficient size to be expected to be
shared with the other Advisory Accounts, even where such investment opportunities may be in the best interest of an
Advisory Account.
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Diverse Interests of Advisory Account Investors
It should be expected that the various types of investors in and beneficiaries of Advisory Accounts, including GSAM and its
affiliates, have conflicting investment, tax and other interests with respect to their interest in the Advisory Accounts. When
considering a potential investment for an Advisory Account, GSAM will generally consider the investment objectives of the
Advisory Account, not the investment objectives of any particular investor or beneficiary. GSAM makes decisions, including
with respect to tax matters, from time to time that will be more beneficial to one type of investor or beneficiary than
another, or to GSAM and its affiliates than to investors or beneficiaries unaffiliated with GSAM. In addition, Goldman Sachs
faces certain tax risks based on positions taken by an Advisory Account, including as a withholding agent. Goldman Sachs
reserves the right on behalf of itself and its affiliates to take actions adverse to the Advisory Account or other Accounts in
these circumstances, including withholding amounts to cover actual or potential tax liabilities. Failure to provide the
necessary tax forms could result in over-withholding, requiring Advisory Account clients to reclaim excess amounts
withheld.
Multi-Strategy Arrangements
GSAM may enter into special arrangements with investors that, as part of a multi-strategy or multi-asset class investment
program, commit capital to a range of the platform of products of GSAM and its affiliates. Such investment programs may
include preferential terms, including blended fees and performance compensation rates which, when applied to the entire
investment program, may be lower than those applicable to an Advisory Account, notwithstanding that the capital
commitments to such Advisory Account by such investors may be smaller than other investors’ capital commitments to
such Advisory Account. The special arrangements with such investors may also include different preferred return rates or
co-investment rights, in each case on terms that are more favorable than those applicable to the other investors in such
Advisory Account. The foregoing special arrangements are not subject to the “most favored nation” provisions of such
Advisory Account and are therefore unavailable to investors in such Advisory Account unless such investors have expressly
entered into comparable arrangements.
Side Letters or Similar Arrangements
GSAM, subject to applicable law and GSAM policies, enters into confidential side letters or similar agreements or other
arrangements with certain investors, without the approval or vote of any other investor, that amend, modify or supplement
the economic, legal or other terms applicable to those investors. GSAM will consider many factors in deciding whether to
grant investors in an Advisory Account customized terms via a confidential side letter or similar agreement or other
arrangement, and investors receiving preferential terms may include: (a) investors that have made or have proposed to
make relatively large commitments to the Advisory Account, (b) investors that provide leverage to the Advisory Account, (c)
investors that have a multi-strategy, multi-asset class or multi-product investment program with GSAM, (d) investors that
are subject to specific legal, tax or regulatory status or other requirements or policies applicable to them and (e) investors
meeting other criteria GSAM considers reasonable in its discretion. These agreements involve, among other matters: (i)
different economic arrangements based upon the size or timing of capital commitments; (ii) certain investors receiving
customized information and reporting in addition to or more expeditiously than information and reporting received by
investors generally; (iii) agreements to permit representatives of certain investors to serve on an investment advisory
committee and to permit the investment advisory committee to hire external counsel and other advisors; (iv) rights to sell
or transfer interests in the applicable Advisory Account (v) assistance reselling securities or other property distributed by
such Advisory Account; (vi) provisions necessary to comply with particular tax, legal, regulatory, public policy or other
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considerations; (vii) excuse or exclusion rights applicable to particular investments or withdrawal rights from the
investment vehicle (which may increase the percentage interest of other investors in, and contribution obligations of other
investors with respect to, future investments, and reduce the overall size of the Advisory Account); (viii) the offering of or
acknowledgement of interest in co-investment opportunities; (ix) waiver of certain confidentiality obligations and the right
to disclose certain information to underlying investors, to the public or to regulators, (x) requirements in respect of
distributions required to be returned by such investors in respect of the obligations of such Advisory Account, (xi) additional
rights or terms provided to certain investors who provide leverage to an Advisory Account, modifications to the investor’s
subscription agreement, (xii) different arrangements with respect to the indemnification obligations of investors, (xiii)
waiver or modification of certain obligations relating to information and documentation that Advisory Account investors
might be required to provide to third parties, including lenders, and (xiv) limits on the amounts required to be funded to
cover shortfalls due to an excuse or a default of an investor. The existence of such agreements with only certain investors in
an Advisory Account may have a material adverse effect on the investors in the same Advisory Account who do not receive
preferential terms pursuant to a similar agreement.
Strategic Arrangements
GSAM enters into strategic relationships with existing investors in Advisory Accounts or third parties that afford such
investors the opportunity to invest with GSAM across multiple Advisory Accounts and on favorable terms. Such strategic
relationships, although intended to be complementary to certain Advisory Accounts, may require the Advisory Accounts to
share investment opportunities or otherwise limit the amount of an investment opportunity the Advisory Accounts can
otherwise take and adversely impact potential co-investment opportunities. Moreover, such relationships can be expected
to present certain risks and conflicts of interest, and include terms that are more favorable than the terms given to the
other investors in Advisory Accounts, such as the opportunity to invest in Advisory Accounts or specific investments on a
reduced fee or no-fee basis, training opportunities, representation on a limited partner advisory committee, certain
information rights, representation on Consulting Groups, or an offer to participate in a Co-Investment Opportunity.
Transactions with Investors
Goldman Sachs or GSAM from time to time engages in transactions, or recommends that certain Advisory Account portfolio
companies engage in transactions, with prospective and actual investors that result in business benefits to such investors.
Such transactions may be entered into prior to or coincident with an investor’s admission to an Advisory Account or during
the term of their investment. The different types of such transactions may be varied and may include benefits relating to
one or more Advisory Accounts and their respective portfolio companies, or to the prospective or actual investor. For
example, GSAM has entered into, and may in the future enter into, an arrangement with an Advisory Account investor
pursuant to which, in consideration of the investor’s capital commitment to the relevant Advisory Account, GSAM agrees,
from time to time and in its discretion, to refer debt financing opportunities for certain Advisory Account portfolio
companies to such investor. Such arrangements create an incentive for GSAM to pursue debt transactions on behalf of an
Advisory Account portfolio company that it may not have otherwise pursued, or may have pursued on different terms, in
the absence of the arrangement. In addition, actions taken by such Advisory Account investors in their capacity as lenders
to an Advisory Account portfolio company may adversely impact Advisory Accounts that invest in such portfolio company.
Goldman Sachs May In-Source or Outsource
Subject to applicable law, Goldman Sachs, including GSAM, may from time to time and without notice to Advisory Accounts
in-source or outsource certain processes or functions in connection with a variety of services that it provides to an Advisory
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Account in its administrative or other capacities. Depending upon the nature of the services and subject to the governing
documents of the Advisory Account, fees associated with in-sourced or outsourced services will be borne by an Advisory
Account or by GSAM. Such in-sourcing or outsourcing may give rise to additional conflicts of interest. For example, GSAM
will have an incentive to outsource services for which costs are borne by Advisory Accounts because such outsourcing
would reduce GSAM’s internal overhead and compensation costs for employees who would otherwise perform such
services in-house. See Item 5, Fees and Compensation—Other Fees and Expenses—Selection of Service Providers for
additional information regarding the selection of affiliated and unaffiliated service providers.
Valuation
GSAM, while generally not the primary valuation agent of Advisory Accounts, performs certain valuation services related to
securities and assets held in Advisory Accounts. GSAM performs such valuation services in accordance with its valuation
policies.
GSAM may value an identical asset differently than another entity, segment or unit within Goldman Sachs, or differently
than another Account or Advisory Account, values the asset, including because Goldman Sachs, or such other entity,
segment or unit, has information or uses valuation techniques and models that it does not share with, or that are different
than those of, GSAM. This is particularly the case in respect of difficult-to-value assets including but not limited to
alternative investments. GSAM may also value an identical asset differently in different Advisory Accounts, including
because different Advisory Accounts are subject to different valuation guidelines pursuant to their respective governing
agreements (e.g., in connection with certain regulatory restrictions applicable to different Advisory Accounts). In addition,
there may be significant differences in the treatment of the same asset by GSAM, on the one hand, other divisions or units
of Goldman Sachs, on the other hand, and/or among Advisory Accounts (e.g., with respect to an asset that is a loan, there
can be differences when it is determined that such loan is deemed to be on non-accrual status or in default).
Differences in valuation should also be expected where different third-party vendors are hired to perform valuation
functions for the Advisory Accounts or the Advisory Accounts are managed or advised by different portfolio management
teams within GSAM that employ different valuation policies or procedures or otherwise. GSAM will face a conflict with
respect to valuations generally because of their effect on GSAM’s fees and other compensation. For example, the valuation
of investments may affect the ability of GSAM to receive performance-based compensation. GSAM may have an incentive
to avoid writing down the value of assets that are not readily marketable or difficult to value, or to determine valuations
that are higher than the actual fair value of the investments, because GSAM will be in a position to receive higher
performance-based compensation, or to receive such compensation earlier than would otherwise have been the case. In
addition, to the extent GSAM utilizes third-party vendors to perform certain valuation functions, these vendors have
interests and incentives that differ from those of the Advisory Accounts.
With respect to Advisory Accounts that hold interests in Underlying Funds, GSAM ordinarily values such interests based
upon valuations of underlying investments provided by the Advisers (i.e., GSAM is a “price taker”), and such Advisers have
interests and incentives that differ from those of Advisory Accounts, including relating to the calculation of the Advisers’
fees.
Data and Information Sharing
Advisory Accounts, GSAM, and/or their respective affiliates, portfolio companies and other investments (collectively, the
“Data Parties”) often possess data and information that they may utilize for various purposes and which they would not
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otherwise possess in the ordinary course of their businesses. For example, information relating to business operations,
trends, budgets, customers or users, assets, funding and other metrics that the Data Parties possess or acquire through
their management of client accounts and/or their own businesses and investment activities may be used by Goldman Sachs
to identify and/or evaluate potential investments for Advisory Accounts and to facilitate the management of Advisory
Accounts, including through operational improvements. Conversely, Goldman Sachs may use data and information that it
has or acquires in connection with an Advisory Account’s activities for the benefit of Goldman Sachs’ own businesses and
investment activities and their portfolio companies and other investments.
From time to time, Goldman Sachs may commission third-party research, at an Advisory Account’s expense, in connection
with the diligence of an investment opportunity or in connection with its management of a portfolio investment, and such
research is expected to subsequently be available to other investment vehicles (and such persons will generally not be
required to compensate an Advisory Account for the benefit they receive from such research). Such benefits could be
material and Goldman Sachs will have no duty, contractual, fiduciary or otherwise, not to use such information in
connection with the business and investment activities of itself, Accounts and/or their portfolio companies and other
investments.
Furthermore, except for contractual obligations to third parties to maintain confidentiality of certain information,
regulatory limitations on the use of material nonpublic information, and the Data Parties’ information walls, Goldman Sachs
is generally free to use data and information from an Advisory Account’s activities to assist in the pursuit of its various other
interests and activities, including to trade for the benefit of Goldman Sachs or another client. Advisory Accounts and other
sources of such data and information may not receive any financial or other benefit from having provided such data and
information to Goldman Sachs. The potential ability to monetize such data and information may create incentives for
Goldman Sachs to cause an Advisory Account to invest in entities and companies with a significant amount of data that it
might not otherwise have invested in or on terms less favorable than it otherwise would have sought to obtain.
Investment Opportunities Sourced by Goldman Sachs and GSAM
Some or all Advisory Accounts may, from time to time, be offered investment opportunities that are made available
through Goldman Sachs businesses outside of GSAM, including, for example, interests in real estate and other private
investments. In this regard, a conflict of interest exists to the extent that Goldman Sachs controls or otherwise influences
the terms and pricing of such investments and/or retains other benefits in connection therewith. Please see this Item 11,
Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client
Transactions—Goldman Sachs Acting in Multiple Commercial Capacities. Goldman Sachs businesses outside of GSAM are
under no general or other obligation or duty to provide investment opportunities to Advisory Accounts, and generally are
not expected to do so. However, a Goldman Sachs business outside of GSAM has entered into, and other Goldman Sachs
businesses outside of GSAM may in the future enter into, arrangements with certain Advisory Accounts that provide such
Advisory Accounts a right, but not an obligation, to participate in a portion of certain investment opportunities sourced by
such Goldman Sachs business in which Goldman Sachs is also able to participate for its own account. In connection with
such arrangements, Advisory Accounts will be subject to the price and terms negotiated by such other Goldman Sachs
business. Such other Goldman Sachs business could own or control a majority of such investment opportunities, and in such
situations, will generally decide most matters that are presented for a vote, consent or waiver, including amendments and
waivers, as well as actions or inactions relating to the enforcement of rights. Such other Goldman Sachs business will
determine its vote or action considering only its own interests and will have no obligation or other duty to consider the
interests of any Advisory Accounts that elect to participate in the relevant investment opportunities. Such actions may
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benefit such other Goldman Sachs business but adversely affect participating Advisory Accounts. See “—Certain Effects of
the Activities of Goldman Sachs and Advisory Accounts” and “—Considerations Relating to Information Held by Goldman
Sachs” above for additional conflicts of interest relating to such arrangements.
Further, opportunities sourced by particular portfolio management teams within GSAM may not be allocated to Advisory
Accounts managed by such teams or by other teams. Opportunities not allocated (or not fully allocated) to Advisory
Accounts may be undertaken by Goldman Sachs (including GSAM), including for Accounts, or made available to other
Accounts or third parties. Even in the case of an opportunity received by an Advisory Account pursuant to contractual
requirements, GSAM may decide in its discretion that the Advisory Account will not participate in such opportunity for
portfolio construction reasons, due to the terms of such Advisory Account, or because GSAM determines that participation
would not be appropriate for such Advisory Account for other reasons, in which case GSAM may allocate such opportunity
to another Advisory Account. See Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management—Side-By-Side
Management of Advisory Accounts; Allocation of Opportunities.
Financial Incentives in Selling and Managing Advisory Accounts
Goldman Sachs and its personnel, including GSAM Personnel, receive benefits and earn fees and compensation for services
provided to Advisory Accounts and in connection with its distribution of Affiliated Products. Any such fees and
compensation is generally paid directly or indirectly out of the fees payable to GSAM in connection with the management
of Advisory Accounts, and, in the case of certain Goldman Sachs personnel, include commissions or commission equivalents
related to brokerage transactions effected by Goldman Sachs and its affiliates for Advisory Accounts. Commissions or
commission equivalents are generally based on gross sales production and may be paid differently depending on the
product sold. In certain cases, and as specified in the governing documents for a particular Advisory Account, such fees and
compensation are paid out of Advisory Account investors’ subscription or commitment amounts.
GSAM and GSAM Personnel have a financial incentive to allocate Advisory Account assets to Affiliated Products rather than
to accounts or Underlying Funds managed by third parties. GSAM and GSAM Personnel have a financial incentive to
recommend or select advisory products or investment strategies that will result in greater compensation and profit to
GSAM and, indirectly, to GSAM Personnel. Moreover, if permitted by the terms and conditions of the applicable Advisory
Account, a client may establish target ranges in respect of an Advisory Account’s allocation to Affiliated Products in
consultation with GSAM. GSAM is incentivized for clients to select target ranges that will result in greater allocations to
Affiliated Products that charge higher fees (including due to, or after, the application of fee offsets) than other Affiliated
Products. Please also refer to Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management, and Item 10, Other Financial
Industry Activities and Affiliations—Conflicts Relating to Relationships with Unaffiliated Advisers.
In the case of non-discretionary Advisory Accounts, if the compensation that GSAM receives from a client in respect of such
an Advisory Account is based on the amount of assets the client determines to allocate to investments recommended by
GSAM, GSAM and GSAM Personnel are incentivized to promote any such investments. Further, GSAM and GSAM Personnel
are incentivized to recommend a larger allocation to any such recommended investment than it otherwise would. In
certain cases, GSAM may agree to perform diligence on, and advise a client whether or not to participate in, a potential
investment opportunity for such client’s Advisory Account that is not otherwise made available to other Advisory Accounts
or in which other Advisory Accounts do not otherwise participate. In such cases, GSAM is generally compensated only if the
client actually invests in such potential investment, and the amount of such compensation may vary depending on the size
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of the client’s investment. In such cases, GSAM and GSAM Personnel will be incentivized to recommend such potential
investment, and to recommend a larger allocation to such potential investment, than would otherwise have been the case.
Firm Policies, Regulatory Restrictions, and Certain Other Factors Affecting Advisory Accounts
GSAM restricts its investment decisions and activities on behalf of an Advisory Account in various circumstances, including
as a result of applicable regulatory requirements, information held by GSAM or Goldman Sachs, as more fully described
below, Goldman Sachs’ roles in connection with other clients and in the capital markets (including in connection with advice
it gives to such clients or commercial arrangements or transactions that are undertaken by such clients or by Goldman
Sachs), Goldman Sachs’ internal policies and/or potential reputational risk in connection with Accounts (including Advisory
Accounts). In certain cases, GSAM will not engage in transactions or other activities for, enforce certain rights in favor of, or
recommend transactions or activities to, an Advisory Account, or can reduce an Advisory Account’s position in an
investment with limited availability to create availability for another Advisory Account managed in the same strategy, due
to Goldman Sachs’ activities outside the Advisory Account and regulatory requirements, policies and reputational risk
assessments.
In addition, in certain circumstances GSAM restricts, limits or reduces the amount of an Advisory Account's investment, or
restricts the type of governance or voting rights it acquires or exercises, where Advisory Accounts (potentially together with
Goldman Sachs and other Accounts) exceed a certain ownership interest, or possess certain degrees of voting or control or
have other interests. For example, such limitations may exist if a position or transaction could require a filing or a license or
other regulatory or corporate consent, which could, among other things, result in additional costs and disclosure
obligations for, or impose regulatory restrictions on, Goldman Sachs, including GSAM, or on other Advisory Accounts, or
where exceeding a threshold is prohibited or results in regulatory or other restrictions. In certain cases, restrictions and
limitations will be applied to avoid approaching such threshold. Circumstances in which such restrictions or limitations arise
include, without limitation: (i) a prohibition against owning more than a certain percentage of an issuer’s securities; (ii) a
“poison pill” that has a dilutive impact on the holdings of the Accounts should a threshold be exceeded; (iii) provisions that
cause Goldman Sachs to be considered an “interested stockholder” of an issuer; (iv) provisions that cause Goldman Sachs to
be considered an “affiliate” or “control person” of the issuer; and (v) the imposition by an issuer (through charter
amendment, contract or otherwise) or governmental, regulatory or self-regulatory organization (through law, rule,
regulation, interpretation or other guidance) of other restrictions or limitations. In addition, due to regulatory restrictions
(including ERISA), certain Advisory Accounts are prohibited from trading with or through Goldman Sachs, from engaging
Goldman Sachs as a service provider or from purchasing investments issued or managed by Goldman Sachs.
When faced with the foregoing limitations, Goldman Sachs will generally avoid exceeding the threshold because doing so
could have an adverse impact on the ability of GSAM or Goldman Sachs to conduct business activities. GSAM may also
reduce a particular Advisory Account’s interest in, or restrict certain Advisory Accounts from participating in, an investment
opportunity that has limited availability or where Goldman Sachs has determined to cap its aggregate investment in
consideration of certain regulatory or other requirements so that other Advisory Accounts that pursue similar investment
strategies are able to acquire an interest in the investment opportunity. In some cases, GSAM determines not to engage in
certain transactions or activities beneficial to Advisory Accounts because of reputational considerations or because
engaging in such transactions or activities in compliance with applicable law would result in significant cost to, or
administrative burden on, GSAM or create the potential risk of trade or other errors.
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In circumstances in which Advisory Accounts in which one or more registered investment funds is invested make side-by-
side investments, Goldman Sachs, acting on behalf of the Advisory Accounts, may be limited in the terms of the
transactions that it may negotiate under applicable law. In some cases, this has the effect of limiting the ability of certain
Advisory Accounts from participating in certain transactions or result in terms to Advisory Accounts that are less favorable
than would have otherwise been the case.
GSAM generally is not permitted to use material non-public information in effecting purchases and sales in transactions for
Advisory Accounts that involve public securities. GSAM may limit an activity or transaction (such as a purchase or sale
transaction or a subscription to or redemption from an Underlying Fund) which might otherwise be engaged in on behalf of
a particular Advisory Account, including as a result of information held by Goldman Sachs (including GSAM or GSAM
Personnel). For example, directors, officers and employees of Goldman Sachs may take seats on the boards of directors of,
or have board of directors observer rights with respect to, companies in which Goldman Sachs invests on behalf of Advisory
Accounts. To the extent a director, officer or employee of Goldman Sachs were to take a seat on the board of directors of,
or have board of directors observer rights with respect to, a public company, GSAM (or certain of its investment teams)
may be limited and/or restricted in its or their ability to trade in the securities of the company. In addition, any such
director, officer or employee of Goldman Sachs that is a member of the board of directors of a portfolio company may have
duties to the portfolio company in his or her capacity as a director that conflict with GSAM’s duties to Advisory Accounts,
and may act in a manner that disadvantages or otherwise harms Advisory Accounts and/or benefits the portfolio company
and/or Goldman Sachs.
In addition, GSAM may, in its sole discretion, determine to limit the information it receives in respect of an investment
opportunity to avoid receiving material non-public information. As a result, other investors may be in possession of
information in respect of investments, which, if known to GSAM, might cause GSAM to not make such investment, to seek
to dispose of, retain or increase interests in such investments, or take other actions. Any decision by GSAM to limit access
to such information may be disadvantageous to an Advisory Account.
Different areas of Goldman Sachs come into possession of material non-public information regarding an issuer of securities
held by an Advisory Account or an Underlying Fund in which an Advisory Account invests. In the absence of information
barriers between such different areas of Goldman Sachs or under certain other circumstances, the Advisory Account will be
prohibited, including by internal policies, from redeeming from or otherwise disposing of such security or such Underlying
Fund interest during the period such material non-public information is held by such other part of Goldman Sachs, which
period may be substantial. As a result, the Advisory Account would not be permitted to redeem from an Underlying Fund in
whole or in part during periods when it otherwise would have been able to do so, which could adversely affect the Advisory
Account. Other investors in the Underlying Fund that are not subject to such restrictions may be able to redeem from the
Underlying Fund during such periods.
In addition, GSAM clients may partially or fully fund a new Advisory Account with in-kind securities in which GSAM is
restricted. In such circumstances, GSAM will generally sell any such securities at the next available trading window, subject
to operational and technological limitations (unless such securities are subject to another express arrangement), requiring
such Advisory Accounts to dispose of investments at an earlier date and/or at a less favorable price than would otherwise
have been the case had GSAM not been so restricted. Advisory Accounts will be responsible for all tax liabilities that result
from any such sale transactions.
GSAM operates a program reasonably designed to ensure compliance generally with economic and trade sanctions-related
obligations applicable directly to its activities (although such obligations are not necessarily the same obligations to which
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any particular Advisory Account is subject). Such economic and trade sanctions may prohibit, among other things,
transactions with and the provision of services to, directly or indirectly, certain countries, territories, entities and
individuals. It should be expected that these economic and trade sanctions, if applicable, and the application by GSAM of
its compliance program in respect thereof, will restrict or limit an Advisory Account’s investment activities, and potentially
require GSAM to cause an Advisory Account to sell its position in a particular investment at an inopportune time and/or
when GSAM would otherwise not have done so, or to hold its position in a particular investment even though doing so
could have an adverse effect on the Advisory Account.
GSAM can determine to limit or not engage at all in transactions and activities on behalf of Advisory Accounts for
reputational, legal or other reasons. Examples of when such determinations may be made include, but are not limited to,
(i) where Goldman Sachs is providing (or may provide) advice or services to an entity involved in such activity or transaction,
(ii) where Goldman Sachs or an Account is or may be engaged in the same or a related activity or transaction to that being
considered on behalf of the Advisory Account, (iii) where Goldman Sachs or another Account has an interest in an entity
involved in such activity or transaction, (iv) where there are political, public relations, or other reputational considerations
relating to counterparties or other participants in such activity or transaction or (v) where such activity or transaction on
behalf of or in respect of the Advisory Account could affect in tangible or intangible ways Goldman Sachs, GSAM, an
Account or their activities. Please also refer to this Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Transactions—Goldman Sachs Acting in Multiple Commercial
Capacities.
Goldman Sachs has and seeks to have long-term relationships with many significant participants in the financial markets.
Goldman Sachs also has and seeks to have longstanding relationships with, and regularly provides financing, investment
banking services and other services to, a significant number of corporations and private equity sponsors, leveraged buyout
and hedge fund purchasers, and their respective senior managers, shareholders and partners. Some of these purchasers
may directly or indirectly compete with Advisory Accounts for investment opportunities. Goldman Sachs considers these
relationships, as well as client relationships and reputational considerations, in its management of Accounts. In this regard,
there may be certain investment opportunities or certain investment strategies that Goldman Sachs (i) does not undertake
on behalf of Accounts in view of these relationships, or (ii) refers to clients (in whole or in part) instead of retaining for
Accounts. Similarly, Goldman Sachs may take the existence and development of such relationships into consideration in the
management of Advisory Account portfolios. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, there may, for example, be
certain strategies involving the acquisition, management or realization of particular investments that an Advisory Account
will not employ in light of these relationships, as well as investment opportunities or strategies that an Advisory Account
will not pursue in light of their potential impact on other areas of Goldman Sachs or on Advisory Account investments or be
unable to pursue as a result of non-competition agreements or other similar undertakings made by Goldman Sachs.
Goldman Sachs will consider its client relationships and the need to preserve its reputation in its management of Advisory
Accounts and, as a result, (i) there may be certain investment opportunities or strategies that Goldman Sachs will not
undertake on behalf of Advisory Accounts or will refer to one or more Advisory Accounts but not others, (ii) there may be
certain rights or activities that Goldman Sachs will not undertake on behalf of Advisory Accounts (including in respect of
director representation and recusal), or (iii) there may be certain investments that, in certain limited circumstances, are
sold, disposed of or restructured earlier or later than otherwise expected.
In order to engage in certain transactions on behalf of Advisory Accounts, GSAM will also be subject to (or cause Advisory
Accounts to become subject to) the rules, terms and/or conditions of any venues through which it trades securities,
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derivatives or other instruments. This includes, but is not limited to, where GSAM and/or the Advisory Accounts are
required to comply with the rules of certain exchanges, execution platforms, trading facilities, clearing houses and other
venues, or are required to consent to the jurisdiction of any such venues. The rules, terms and/or conditions of any such
venue often result in GSAM and/or the Advisory Accounts being subject to, among other things, margin requirements,
additional fees and other charges, disciplinary procedures, reporting and recordkeeping, position limits and other
restrictions on trading, settlement risks and other related conditions on trading set out by such venues.
From time to time, an Advisory Account, GSAM or its affiliates and/or their service providers or agents are required, or
determine that it is advisable, to disclose certain information about an Advisory Account, including, but not limited to,
investments held by the Advisory Account, and the names and percentage interest of beneficial owners thereof, to third
parties, including Advisers, local governmental authorities, regulatory organizations, taxing authorities, markets, exchanges,
clearing facilities, custodians, brokers and trading counterparties of, or service providers to, GSAM, Advisers or Underlying
Funds or the Advisory Account. Unless agreed in the agreement governing the Advisory Account or otherwise directed by a
client, GSAM will comply with requests to disclose such information as it so determines, including through electronic
delivery platforms. In some instances, GSAM will cause the sale of certain assets for the Advisory Account at a time that is
inopportune from a pricing or other standpoint. In addition, GSAM may provide third parties with aggregated data
regarding the activities of, or certain performance or other metrics associated with, the Advisory Accounts it manages, and
GSAM will generally receive compensation from such third parties for providing them such information.
Pursuant to the BHCA, with respect to Advisory Accounts that are commingled funds in connection with which an affiliate of
GSAM acts as general partner, managing member or in certain other capacities, the periods during which certain
investments may be held are limited. As a result, such Advisory Accounts may be required to dispose of investments at an
earlier date than would otherwise have been the case had the BHCA not been applicable. In addition, under the Volcker
Rule, the size of Goldman Sachs’ and Goldman Sachs personnel’s ownership interest in certain types of funds is limited, and
certain personnel will be prohibited from retaining interests in such funds. As a result, Goldman Sachs and Goldman Sachs
personnel have been, and continue to be, required to dispose of, all or a portion of their investments in such funds through
redemptions, withdrawals, sales to third parties or affiliates, or otherwise, including at times that other investors in such
funds may not have the opportunity to dispose of their fund investments. Any such disposition of fund interests by
Goldman Sachs and Goldman Sachs personnel could reduce the alignment of interest of Goldman Sachs with other
investors in such funds and otherwise adversely affect such funds.
Goldman Sachs may become subject to additional restrictions on its business activities that could have an impact on the
Advisory Accounts’ activities. In addition, GSAM may restrict its investment decisions and activities on behalf of particular
Advisory Accounts and not other Accounts (including other Advisory Accounts).
See also Item 8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss for additional information about risks
associated with certain conflicts faced by Goldman Sachs and GSAM.
Conflicts of Interest Associated with Unaffiliated Advisers
Unaffiliated Advisers have interests and relationships that create conflicts of interest related to their management of the
accounts and Underlying Funds to which Advisory Account assets are allocated. Such conflicts of interest are in many cases
the same as or similar to those relating to GSAM in connection with its management of Advisory Accounts. However, the
Unaffiliated Advisers are subject to different and additional conflicts of interest. With respect to Advisory Accounts that are
invested directly in Underlying Funds managed by Unaffiliated Advisers, additional information about conflicts of interest
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that arise in connection with the activities of Unaffiliated Advisers of those Underlying Funds is available in the
prospectuses, offering memoranda and constituent documents of the Underlying Funds.
Conflicts Associated with Voting Rights and Advisory Committee Representation in Connection with Matters Involving
Goldman Sachs Advisory Services and Goldman Sachs Proprietary Investments
As discussed in “—Participation or Interest in Client Transactions” above, Goldman Sachs is a worldwide, full-service
investment banking, broker-dealer, asset management and financial services organization and a major participant in global
financial markets. In connection with an investment in an Underlying Fund, Advisory Accounts that are a pooled investment
vehicles (or representative of such Advisory Accounts on an Underlying Fund LPAC) may have the opportunity to vote on or
consent to a matter where other Goldman Sachs business lines are also involved in the matter. This includes situations
where Goldman Sachs is providing investment banking services to an Adviser or other third-party and situations where
Goldman Sachs may be investing (or has already invested) in parties to a transaction.
In addition, Goldman Sachs may determine that Advisory Accounts that are pooled investment vehicles will not vote on a
matter involving advice provided by Goldman Sachs or Goldman Sachs investing as a proprietary investor. Similarly,
representatives of such Advisory Accounts on Underlying Fund LPACs may recuse themselves from any consideration of the
relevant matter. If such an Advisory Account abstains from a vote or a representative on an Underlying Fund LPAC recusing
himself or herself, this will result in the Advisory Account not being able to exercise any vote on the matter, including if the
matter would be adverse to the Advisory Account.
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices
BROKER-DEALER SELECTION
General
GSAM places orders for the execution of transactions for Advisory Accounts according to its best execution policies and
procedures. Subject to any specific instructions that GSAM accepts from clients, GSAM may take into account a range of
factors in deciding how to execute client orders, including, but not limited to, price; costs; timing and speed of execution;
responsiveness; track record; quality of service; confidentiality; creditworthiness and financial stability; likelihood of, and
capabilities in, execution, clearance and settlement; size; liquidity in or with an execution venue; nature; in certain
circumstances, a broker’s or counterparty’s willingness to commit capital and, where permitted by applicable law, the
provision of research and “soft dollar” benefits as described below; and other appropriate factors. Best price, giving effect
to commissions and commission equivalents (if any) and other transaction costs, is normally an important factor in deciding
how to execute transactions, but, in consideration of other relevant factors and due to applicable legal and/or regulatory
restrictions, transactions will not always be executed at the lowest available price or commission or commission equivalents
(if any). In determining the relative importance of factors considered, GSAM takes into account the size and nature of client
orders, the characteristics of the financial instruments to which the order relates, the current market conditions, and the
characteristics of the available brokers or counterparties which can be used or to which client orders can be directed.
When selecting or recommending a broker-dealer, GSAM does not consider whether it or any of its affiliates receives client
referrals from that broker-dealer.
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The reasonableness of commissions or commission equivalents for non-client-directed trade execution is evaluated by
GSAM on an ongoing basis based on many factors, including the general level of compensation paid and, in certain cases,
the nature and value of research and other services provided. GSAM executes transactions through GS&Co. or other
affiliates in certain circumstances to the extent consistent with applicable law, with client instruction, and with its duty to
seek best execution. With respect to an Advisory Account that is subject to Section 11(a) of the 1934 Act, GSAM is
permitted to execute transactions on a national securities exchange through GS&Co. or other affiliated broker-dealers only
upon express authorization from such Advisory Account and in accordance with the requirements of rule 11a2-2(T) under
the 1934 Act.
When placing orders with any broker or counterparty, including its affiliates, GSAM may, in accordance with applicable law,
give permission for such broker to trade along with or ahead of Advisory Account orders (i.e., determine not to opt-in to the
protections afforded under Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Rule 5320). When acting as agent or counterparty,
GSAM’s affiliate will generally charge the client a commission, mark-up, mark-down, or other commission equivalent.
Advisers that are hired by GSAM on behalf of XIG clients or Manager of Manager Accounts, or Advisory Accounts, or that
manage the Underlying Funds in which XIG Program Funds invest will have discretionary authority to execute transactions
on behalf of clients consistent with best execution obligations.
For Managed Account Services, the Plan Sponsor, WMA Institution or other third-party fiduciary is responsible for
determining whether to make the Managed Account Services available to Enrolled Participants and for directing GSAM to
use the recordkeeper, broker-dealer, and/or custodian selected by the Plan Sponsor, WMA Institution or other third-party
fiduciary. GSAM is not responsible for selecting, and does not make recommendations about the selection of, the Managed
Account Services for Enrolled Participants or the recordkeeper, broker-dealer or custodian used with respect to Managed
Account Services.
To the extent that transactions are effected through broker-dealers, those broker-dealers, including Goldman Sachs, may have
commercial interests in transactions that are adverse to Advisory Accounts, such as obtaining favorable commission rates,
mark-ups and mark-downs, other commission equivalents and lending rates and arrangements. No accounting to Advisory
Accounts will be required, and broker-dealers including Goldman Sachs will be entitled to retain all such fees and other
amounts and no advisory fees or other compensation will be reduced thereby.
Wrap Fee Programs
Where GSAM is retained as investment adviser under Wrap Programs sponsored by broker-dealers or other financial
institutions, including GSAM’s affiliates, GSAM does not negotiate on the client’s behalf brokerage commissions for the
execution of transactions in the client’s account that are executed by or through the Sponsor. These commissions are
generally included in the “wrap” fee charged by the Sponsor, although certain execution costs are typically not included in
this fee and are, in certain cases, charged to the client (including but not limited to dealer spreads, certain dealer mark-ups
or mark-downs on principal trades, fees and other expenses related to transactions in depository receipts, including fees
associated with foreign ordinary conversion, creation fees charged by third parties and foreign tax charges, auction fees,
fees charged by exchanges on a per transaction basis, other charges mandated by law, and certain other execution costs).
Also, where GSAM is retained as investment adviser under a Wrap Program, GSAM in certain cases has discretion to select
broker-dealers to execute trades for the Wrap Program Advisory Accounts it manages. However, GSAM generally places
such trades through the Sponsor because the wrap fee paid by each Wrap Program client typically only covers execution
costs on trades executed through the Sponsor or its affiliates. In some cases, GSAM may determine that best execution
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may be sought through a broker-dealer other than the Sponsor, including potentially a Goldman Sachs affiliate. In other
cases, GSAM Wrap Program clients may partially or fully fund a new Wrap Program Advisory Account with in-kind securities
in which the Sponsor is restricted from trading, requiring GSAM to select a broker-dealer other than the Sponsor to trade
such securities. If GSAM selects a broker-dealer other than the Sponsor or its affiliates to effect a trade for a Wrap Program
account, any execution costs charged by that other broker-dealer typically will be paid as an additional cost by the client’s
account. GSAM generally does not monitor, evaluate or influence the nature and quality of the best execution and other
services clients obtain from the Sponsors, its affiliates or other broker-dealers that execute trades for Wrap Program clients.
To the extent that the Sponsor is an affiliate of GSAM, Goldman Sachs will benefit from increased order flow.
For more information, see the brochure for the relevant Sponsor of the Wrap Program, Item 4, Advisory Business and this
Item 12, Brokerage Practices—Aggregation of Orders, below.
Counterparty Credit Requirements
An Advisory Account will be required to establish business relationships with its counterparties based on its own credit
standing. Goldman Sachs, including GSAM, will not have any obligation or other duty to allow its credit to be used in
connection with an Advisory Account’s establishment of its business relationships, nor is it expected that an Advisory
Account’s counterparties will rely on the credit of Goldman Sachs in evaluating the Advisory Account’s creditworthiness.
Broker-Dealer Selection Considerations Relating to the Allocation of Assets to Underlying Funds or Advisers
If GSAM allocates assets to an Adviser through a separately managed account or similar structure, the Adviser will generally
have the authority to select prime brokers and other trading counterparties, clearing members and service providers
(including, subject to applicable law, affiliates of GSAM) through which to clear transactions, subject to a set of objective
criteria established by GSAM. GSAM generally allows these Advisers to select executing brokers as long as the relevant
clearing member or prime broker, as applicable, can accommodate and properly clear and report such transactions.
Advisers generally are expected to seek best execution considering price, commissions and commission equivalents, other
transaction costs, quality of brokerage services, financing arrangements, creditworthiness and financial stability, financial
responsibility and strength and clearance and settlement capability. Subject to the Advisers’ best execution obligations,
and to the extent permitted by applicable law and their internal policies, Advisers may select entities within Goldman Sachs
to act as a broker, clearing member or dealer with respect to the accounts of their clients.
RESEARCH AND OTHER SOFT DOLLAR BENEFITS
Subject to applicable law, GSAM often selects U.S. and non-U.S. broker-dealers (including GSAM’s affiliates) that furnish
GSAM, Advisory Accounts, GSAM affiliates and personnel involved in decision-making for Advisory Accounts with
proprietary or third-party brokerage and research services (collectively, “brokerage and research services”) that provide, in
GSAM’s view, appropriate assistance to GSAM in the investment decision-making process. These brokerage and research
services could be bundled with the trade execution, clearing, or settlement services provided by a particular broker-dealer
and, subject to applicable law, GSAM may pay for such brokerage and research services with client commissions (or “soft
dollars”). The types of brokerage and research services that GSAM acquired with client brokerage commissions within
GSAM’s last fiscal year, which may vary among Registrants including as a result of applicable law, included: research reports
on companies, industries, and securities (including proprietary research from affiliated and unaffiliated broker-dealers, as
well as independent research providers); economic, market and financial data; access to broker-dealer analysts, corporate
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executives and industry experts; attendance at trade industry seminars and broker organized conferences; and services
related to effecting securities transactions and functions incident thereto (such as clearance and settlement).
When GSAM uses client commissions to obtain brokerage and research services, GSAM receives a benefit because GSAM
does not have to produce or pay for the brokerage and research services itself. As a result, GSAM will have an incentive to
select or recommend a broker-dealer based on GSAM’s interest in receiving the brokerage and research services from that
broker-dealer, rather than solely on its clients’ interest in receiving the best price or commission. In addition, where GSAM
uses client commissions to obtain proprietary research services from an affiliate, GSAM will have an incentive to allocate
more “soft” or commission dollars to pay for those services. However, when selecting broker-dealers that provide
brokerage and research services, including its affiliates, GSAM is obligated to determine in good faith that the
“commissions” (as broadly defined by the SEC to include a mark-up, mark-down, commission equivalent or other fee in
certain circumstances) to be paid to broker-dealers are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research
services they provide to GSAM. The reasonableness of these commissions will be viewed in terms of the particular
transactions or GSAM’s overall responsibilities to Advisory Accounts over which it exercises investment discretion, even
though that broker-dealer itself, or another broker-dealer, might be willing to execute the transactions at a lower
commission. Accordingly, transactions will not always be executed at the most favorable available price or commission and
GSAM in certain cases causes clients to pay commissions higher than those charged by other broker-dealers as a result of
the soft dollar benefits received by GSAM.
GSAM’s evaluation of the brokerage and research services provided by a broker-dealer is in certain cases a significant factor
in selecting a broker-dealer to effect transactions. For this purpose, GSAM has established a voting process in which certain
portfolio management teams participate pursuant to which personnel rate broker-dealers that supply them with brokerage
and research services. Subject to GSAM’s duty to seek best execution and applicable laws and regulations, GSAM allocates
Advisory Account trading among broker-dealers in accordance with the outcome of the voting process.
Arrangements under which GSAM receives brokerage and research services vary by product, strategy, account or applicable
law in the jurisdictions in which GSAM conducts business.
Subject to applicable law, GSAM participates in so-called “commission sharing arrangements” and “client commission
arrangements” under which GSAM executes transactions through a broker-dealer, including an affiliate, and requests that
the broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions or commission credits to another firm, including an affiliate, that
provides research to GSAM. Participating in commission sharing and client commission arrangements may enable GSAM to
consolidate payments for brokerage and research services through one or more channels using accumulated client
commissions or credits from transactions executed through a particular broker-dealer to obtain brokerage and research
services provided by other firms. Such arrangements also help to ensure the continued receipt of brokerage and research
services while facilitating GSAM’s ability to seek best execution in the trading process. GSAM believes such arrangements
are useful in its investment decision-making process by, among other things, ensuring access to a variety of high quality
research, access to individual analysts and availability of resources that GSAM might not be provided access to absent such
arrangements. Commission sharing and client commission arrangements may be subject to different legal requirements or
restrictions in different jurisdictions. Generally, GSAM excludes from use under these arrangements those products and
services that are not eligible under applicable regulatory interpretations, even where a portion would be eligible if
accounted for separately.
Advisory Accounts differ with regard to whether and to what extent they pay for research and brokerage services through
commissions and, subject to applicable law, brokerage and research services may be used to service any or all Advisory
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Accounts throughout GSAM, including Advisory Accounts that do not pay commissions to the broker-dealer relating to the
brokerage and research service arrangements. As a result, brokerage and research services (including soft dollar benefits)
may disproportionately benefit some Advisory Accounts relative to other Advisory Accounts based on the relative amount
of commissions paid by the Advisory Accounts and in particular those Advisory Accounts that do not pay for research and
brokerage services or do so to a lesser extent, including in connection with the establishment of maximum budgets for
research costs (and switching to execution-only pricing when maximums are met), as described below. For example,
research that is paid for through one client’s commissions may not be used in managing that client’s account, but may be
used in managing other Advisory Accounts within GSAM.
In connection with these practices, subject to applicable law and GSAM’s policies and procedures, brokerage and research
services obtained through commissions paid by a client or clients whose accounts are managed by a particular portfolio
management team within GSAM are shared with, and used partially or exclusively by, other portfolio management
personnel within GSAM, including portfolio management personnel of the same or a different Registrant, or portfolio
management personnel of GSAM’s affiliates. Except as required by applicable law, GSAM does not attempt to allocate soft
dollar benefits proportionately among clients or to track the benefits of brokerage and research services to the
commissions associated with a particular Account or group of Accounts.
In connection with receiving brokerage and research services from broker-dealers, GSAM may receive “mixed use” services
where a portion of the service assists GSAM in its investment decision-making process and a portion is used for other
purposes. Where a service has a mixed use, GSAM will make a reasonable allocation of its cost according to its use and will
use client commissions to pay only for the portion of the product or service that assists GSAM in its investment decision-
making process. GSAM has an incentive to underestimate the extent of any “mixed use” or allocate the costs to uses that
assist GSAM in its investment decision-making process because GSAM may pay for such costs with client commissions
rather than GSAM’s own resources.
Although, as described above, GSAM may pay for such brokerage and research services with client commissions, there are
instances or situations in which such practices are subject to restrictions under applicable law. The European Union’s
Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (“MiFID II”) restricts European Union domiciled investment advisers from
receiving research and other materials that do not qualify as “acceptable minor non-monetary benefits” from broker-
dealers unless the research or materials are paid for by the investment advisers from their own resources or from research
payment accounts funded by and with the agreement of their clients.
GSAMI is subject to MiFID II and pays for the research and other materials (other than “acceptable minor non-monetary
benefits”) that such entity or its European investment advisory affiliates, as applicable, uses from its own resources to the
extent required by MiFID II.
GSAM is not directly subject to MiFID II but has agreed with GSAMI, with reference to Advisory Accounts delegated to
GSAM by GSAMI, to implement certain controls and arrangements designed to secure, to GSAMI’s satisfaction in its
oversight of GSAM’s delegate functions, substantively equivalent outcomes (i.e., equivalent to those outcomes which MiFID
II is designed to achieve and to which GSAMI is directly subject). This consists primarily of the introduction of a process for
establishing maximum budgets for research costs (and switching to execution-only pricing when maximums are met),
enhancements to the process for valuing research inputs, and excluding the provision of research as a significant factor
(taken as a whole) in order routing and/or the selection of brokers. While GSAM will seek to estimate its research costs in
good faith and in accordance with its policies and procedures, the actual costs of such research may be higher or lower than
estimated, and GSAM faces conflicts of interest in estimating such costs.
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In the context of Manager of Manager Accounts and the Underlying Funds in which XIG Program Funds invest, the Advisers
to the Underlying Funds and separately managed accounts may also engage in client commission sharing and similar
arrangements and those arrangements may be broader and may raise conflicts other than those described above.
GSAM also receives benefits from the custodian for its Retail Managed Account Services Enrolled Participants, although
trades for such Enrolled Participants executed through the custodian are not subject to commission, transaction charges, or
prime brokerage fees. See Item 5, Fees and Compensation—Other Fees and Expenses—Retail Managed Account Services
Fees for additional information regarding fees and expenses charged to Retail Managed Account Services Enrolled
Participants. Such benefits include trading tools and access to a third-party trade order execution management system.
Access to this system allows GSAM use of certain algorithmic trading and direct market access systems, and also provides
GSAM with the ability to route and execute Enrolled Participant trade orders through other broker-dealers. These benefits
reduce the administrative costs of GSAM.
BROKERAGE FOR CLIENT REFERRALS
GSAM selects broker-dealers, including its affiliates, to provide prime brokerage services to certain Advisory Accounts.
Conflicts arise when GSAM selects prime brokers. Prime brokerage firms often introduce prospective clients to GSAM,
which creates incentives for or benefits to GSAM to select these prime brokerage firms. GSAM selects such firms only when
consistent with obtaining appropriate services for Advisory Account clients.
DIRECTED BROKERAGE
General
GSAM generally has the discretionary authority to determine and direct execution of portfolio transactions for discretionary
investments made by GSAM on an Advisory Account’s behalf without prior consultation with the Advisory Account on a
transaction-by-transaction basis. Advisory Accounts may limit GSAM’s discretionary authority in terms of the selection of
broker-dealers or other terms of brokerage arrangements. From time to time, Advisory Accounts may also retain GSAM on
a non-discretionary basis, requiring that portfolio transactions, and their execution, be discussed in advance and executed
at the Advisory Account’s direction.
Advisory Accounts may, subject to agreement with GSAM and such limitations as may be imposed by GSAM, direct
brokerage as part of their participation in a commission recapture program, or for other reasons. These arrangements may
involve a client direction to GSAM to place transactions on behalf of an Advisory Account with a particular broker-dealer,
including an affiliate of GSAM, or to use a specific execution venue or exchange. Advisory Account directions may be part
of an arrangement between an Advisory Account and the relevant broker-dealer or as a result of Advisory Account
preferences.
GSAM only accepts an Advisory Account’s reasonable directed brokerage instructions (including for commission recapture
arrangements) pursuant to appropriate written direction, including representations that may be requested from Advisory
Accounts. In considering whether a request to direct brokerage for an Advisory Account can be accommodated, GSAM will
consider any operational or other concerns regarding the designated broker-dealer. GSAM may, in its sole discretion, seek
to accommodate an Advisory Account’s direction by arranging “step outs” to the client’s designated broker-dealers from an
aggregate order on behalf of the directing Advisory Account and other Advisory Accounts.
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GSAM may agree to seek to accommodate direction requests only with respect to a limited percentage (or “target”) of
certain Advisory Accounts’ overall trades. There can be no guarantee that any target will be achieved, and some directing
Advisory Accounts may have a greater proportion of their targets achieved than others. GSAM reserves the right to decline
directed brokerage instructions where it believes such trading direction could interfere with its fiduciary duties, or for other
reasons, determined in GSAM’s sole discretion.
Certain Effects of Directed Brokerage on Directing Advisory Accounts
Where an Advisory Account directs the use of a particular broker-dealer or restricts the use of certain broker-dealers, it is
possible that GSAM may be unable to achieve most favorable execution of Advisory Account transactions, and the Advisory
Account may be disadvantaged as a result of a less favorable execution price and/or higher commissions. GSAM does not
typically evaluate or monitor the nature and/or quality of the services that directing Advisory Accounts receive through
their directed arrangements. In addition, less favorable execution prices and/or higher commissions could result from the
Advisory Account’s inability to participate in aggregate orders or other reasons.
GSAM may effect transactions through an Advisory Account’s directed broker-dealer at the commission rates agreed to by
the Advisory Account with the directed broker-dealer or at the directed broker-dealer’s standard rate if no specific rate has
been negotiated. Such rates may be higher than the rate GSAM may have obtained if GSAM had full brokerage discretion.
Advisory Accounts that direct brokerage may have execution of their orders delayed, since, in an effort to achieve orderly
execution of transactions, execution of orders for Advisory Accounts that have directed GSAM to use particular broker-
dealers may, in certain circumstances, be made after GSAM completes the execution of non-directed orders. This delay
may negatively affect the price paid or received in the purchase or sale of securities, respectively, by an Advisory Account
electing to direct brokerage.
An Advisory Account might not be able to participate in certain investment opportunities because the Advisory Account’s
directed broker-dealer may not have access to certain securities, such as new issues. For certain securities, it may be to an
Advisory Account’s advantage to transact with the broker-dealer who is a market-maker in the security. In addition, not all
broker-dealers have the systems or expertise to effectively process transactions that may be beneficial for an Advisory
Account. Any of these factors could negatively impact an Advisory Account’s performance.
GSAM may effect transactions for Advisory Accounts that direct brokerage or restrict the use of certain broker-dealers in
so-called “dark pools” and other private trading venues or arrangements in which buyers and sellers do not reveal their
identities. In such cases, GSAM will not have visibility into or control over the particular broker-dealers through which such
transactions are effected, and such transactions may be effected with a broker-dealer other than the Advisory Account’s
directed broker-dealer, with a broker-dealer that the Advisory Account has directed GSAM not to utilize. Such broker-
dealers may be affiliated or unaffiliated with GSAM.
Certain Effects of Directed Brokerage on Non-Directing Advisory Accounts
Directed brokerage may adversely affect the ability of GSAM to most efficiently manage client assets and execute trading
strategies of non-directing Advisory Accounts. Trades with directed brokers do not provide “soft” dollar benefits, such as
research, to GSAM and its Advisory Accounts as described above in this Item 12, Brokerage Practices—Research and Other
Soft Dollar Benefits, so that Advisory Accounts directing brokerage will not bear the proportionate cost of such research but
may nonetheless benefit from the research. Moreover, directed brokerage may reduce the ability of GSAM to negotiate
volume discounts on brokerage and otherwise achieve benefits from larger trades.
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AGGREGATION OF ORDERS
GSAM seeks to execute orders for its clients fairly and equitably over time. GSAM follows policies and procedures pursuant
to which it is able (but not required) to combine or aggregate purchase or sale orders for the same security or other
instrument for multiple Accounts (including Accounts in which Goldman Sachs or its personnel has an interest) (sometimes
referred to as “bunching”), so that the orders can be executed at the same time and block trade treatment of any such
orders can be elected when available. GS&Co. may also determine whether to permit the executing broker (whether
GS&Co. or an unaffiliated broker) to trade along with client orders, subject to applicable law. GSAM aggregates orders
when GSAM considers doing so to be operationally feasible and appropriate and in the interests of its clients and may elect
block trade treatment, when available. In addition, under certain circumstances orders for Advisory Accounts may be
aggregated with orders for accounts that contain Goldman Sachs assets. These circumstances may include, without
limitation, when developing products that demonstrate client-experience track records; when managing accounts in a
commercially reasonable manner for clients (which may be affiliates but are engaging GSAM to act as an independent
commercial money manager); or when aggregating will have a de minimis effect on the performance of client accounts
(e.g., where the size of the account relative to the size of the market makes aggregation not material). In addition, order
aggregation may effectively occur within an Advisory Account, such as a pooled investment vehicle, in which Goldman
Sachs and other Accounts have an interest. The particular procedures followed may differ depending on the particular
strategy or type of investment.
When Advisory Account orders are aggregated, the orders will be placed with one or more broker-dealers or other
counterparties for execution. When a bunched order or block trade is completely filled, or, if the order is only partially
filled, at the end of the day, GSAM generally will allocate the securities or other instruments purchased or the proceeds of
any sale pro rata among the participating Accounts, based on the Advisory Accounts’ relative size. Adjustments or changes
may be made under certain circumstances, such as to avoid odd lots or small allocations or to satisfy account cash flows
and guidelines. Please see Item 6, Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management, Side-by-Side Management of
Advisory Accounts; Allocation of Opportunities for additional information about GSAM’s investment allocation policies. If
the order at a particular broker-dealer or other counterparty is filled at several different prices, through multiple trades,
generally all participating accounts will receive the average price and pay the average commission, subject to odd lots,
rounding, and market practice. There may be instances in which not all Advisory Accounts are charged the same
commission or commission equivalent rates in a bunched or aggregated order, including minimum denomination
requirements and restrictions under applicable law on the use of client commissions to pay for research services.
Although it may do so in certain circumstances, GSAM does not always bunch or aggregate orders for different Advisory
Accounts, elect block trade treatment or net buy and sell orders for the same Advisory Account, if portfolio management
decisions relating to the orders are made by different portfolio management teams or if different portfolio management
processes are used for different account types, if bunching, aggregating, electing block trade treatment or netting is not
appropriate or practicable from GSAM’s operational or other perspectives or if doing so would not be appropriate in light of
applicable regulatory considerations, which may differ among Advisory Accounts. For example, time zone differences,
trading instructions, cash flows, separate trading desks or portfolio management processes, among other factors, may
result in separate, non-aggregated, non-netted executions, with orders in the same instrument being entered for different
Advisory Accounts at different times or, in the case of netting, buy and sell trades for the same instrument being entered
for the same Advisory Account. Where GSAM’s services are provided to an Advisory Account through a Wrap Program,
GSAM generally will not aggregate orders for those Advisory Accounts with orders for other Advisory Accounts or elect
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block treatment for those Advisory Accounts. However, orders for different Wrap Programs may be aggregated, or block
treatment may be elected, to the extent that the programs utilize the same executing broker-dealer or other counterparty.
GSAM may be able to negotiate a better price and lower commission rate on aggregated orders than on orders for Advisory
Accounts that are not aggregated, and incur lower transaction costs on netted orders than orders that are not netted.
GSAM is under no obligation or other duty to aggregate or net for particular orders. Where orders for an Advisory Account
are not aggregated with other orders, including Wrap Program Advisory Accounts and directed brokerage accounts, or not
netted against orders for the Advisory Account or other Advisory Accounts, the Advisory Account will not benefit from a
better price and lower commission rate or lower transaction cost that might have been available had the orders been
aggregated or netted. Aggregation and netting of orders may disproportionately benefit some Advisory Accounts relative
to other Advisory Accounts due to the relative amount of market savings obtained by the Advisory Accounts. GSAM may
aggregate orders of Advisory Accounts that are subject to MiFID II (“MiFID II Advisory Accounts”) with orders of Advisory
Accounts not subject to MiFID II, including those that generate soft dollar commissions and those that restrict the use of
soft dollars. All Advisory Accounts included in an aggregated order with MiFID II Advisory Accounts pay (or receive) the
same average price for the security and the same execution costs (measured by rate). However, MiFID II Advisory Accounts
included in an aggregated order may pay commissions at “execution-only” rates below the total commission rates paid by
Advisory Accounts included in the aggregated order that are not subject to MiFID II.
GSAM may sequence or rotate transactions using allocation policies to determine which type of account is to be traded in
which order. Under this policy, each portfolio management team may determine the length of its trade rotation period and
the sequencing schedule for different categories of clients within this period, provided that the trading periods and these
sequencing schedules are designed to be reasonable. Within a given trading period, the sequencing schedule establishes
when and how frequently a given client category will trade first in the order of rotation. GSAM may deviate from the
predetermined sequencing schedule under certain circumstances, including, for example, where it is not practical for Wrap
Program Advisory Accounts to participate in certain types of trades, when there are unusually long delays in a given Wrap
Program Sponsor’s execution of a particular trade or when other unusual circumstances arise. In addition, a portfolio
management team may provide instructions simultaneously regarding the placement of a trade in lieu of the
predetermined sequencing schedule if the trade represents a relatively small proportion of the average daily trading
volume of the particular security or other instrument.
ACCOUNT ERRORS AND ERROR RESOLUTION
GSAM has policies and procedures to help it assess and determine, consistent with applicable standards of care and client
documentation, when reimbursement is due by it to a client because GSAM has committed an error. Pursuant to GSAM’s
policies, an error is generally compensable from GSAM to a client when it is a mistake (whether an action or inaction) in
which GSAM has, in GSAM’s reasonable view, deviated from the applicable standard of care in managing the client’s assets,
subject to materiality and other considerations set forth below.
Consistent with the applicable standard of care, GSAM’s policies and its investment management agreements generally do
not require perfect implementation of investment management decisions, trading, processing or other functions performed
by GSAM or its affiliates. Therefore, not all mistakes will be considered compensable to the client. Imperfections, including
without limitation, imperfection in the implementation of investment decisions, quantitative strategies or methods (as
applicable), financial modeling, trade execution, cash movements, portfolio rebalancing, processing instructions or
facilitation of securities settlement, imperfection in processing corporate actions, or imperfection in the generation of cash
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or holdings reports resulting in trade decisions are generally not considered by GSAM to be violations of the applicable
standards of care regardless of whether implemented through programs, models, tools or otherwise. As a result,
imperfections, including, without limitation, incidents involving a mistaken amount or timing of an investment, or timing or
direction of a trade (as applicable), may not constitute compensable errors.
For example, GSAM investment professionals are typically expected to exercise discretion to generally effect the portfolio
management team’s investment intent in the best interests of the client including, without limitation, with respect to the
execution of trade requests or the implementation of quantitative strategies or methods (as applicable). Regardless of
whether the portfolio management team specifies a fixed quantity of a particular security to be purchased or sold, or
provides a date by which a trade is to be completed, instances in which an investment professional executes a trade that
results in a portfolio position that is different from the exposure intended by the portfolio management team (whether
specified on a trade ticket or not) will generally not be considered compensable errors unless the trade or transaction
results in a portfolio position that violates investment guidelines of the client or is substantially inconsistent with the
portfolio management team’s investment intent. Similarly, imperfections in the implementation of investment strategies,
including quantitative strategies (e.g., coding errors), that do not result in material departures from the intent of the
portfolio management team will generally not be considered compensable errors. In addition, in managing accounts, GSAM
may establish non-public, formal or informal internal targets, guidelines or other parameters that may be used to manage
risk, manage sub-advisers or otherwise guide decision-making, and a failure to adhere to such internal parameters will not
be considered an error. A failure on GSAM’s part to recognize a client cash flow will generally not be considered a
compensable error unless GSAM fails to recognize the cash flow within a reasonable period of time from the delivery date
specified in the client’s notification to GSAM. The purchase of a security for which the client is ineligible under the issuer’s
prospectus, offering documents or other issuer-related rules or documentation generally will not be considered a
compensable error to the extent that the purchase does not also violate a client guideline, regardless of whether GSAM
maintains or exits the position after becoming aware of the ineligibility. Mistakes may also occur in connection with other
activities that may be undertaken by GSAM and its affiliates, such as net asset value calculation, transfer agent activities
(i.e., processing subscriptions and redemptions), fund accounting, trade recording and settlement and other matters that
are non-advisory in nature and may not be compensable unless they deviate from the applicable standards of care.
Incidents resulting from the mistakes of third parties, including agents of GSAM and its affiliates, are generally not
compensable from GSAM to a client.
Incidents may result in gains as well as losses. In certain circumstances, GSAM may determine that the gains or losses
associated with these incidents will be treated as being for a client’s account (i.e., clients will bear the loss or benefit from
the gain). In other circumstances, however, GSAM may determine that it is appropriate to reallocate or remove gains or
losses from the client’s account that are the result of an incident. If the position associated with an error is moved to the
error account, GSAM can determine to keep any gains associated with the position.
GSAM makes its determinations pursuant to its error policies on a case-by-case basis, in its discretion, based on factors it
considers reasonable. Relevant facts and circumstances GSAM may consider include, among others, the nature of the
service being provided at the time of the incident, whether intervening causes, including the action or inaction of third
parties, caused or contributed to the incident, specific applicable contractual and legal restrictions and standards of care,
whether a client’s investment objective was contravened, the nature of a client’s investment program, whether a
contractual guideline was violated, the nature and materiality of the relevant circumstances, and the materiality of any
resulting losses. The determination by GSAM to treat (or not to treat) an incident as compensable, and any calculation of
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compensation in respect thereof for any one fund or account sponsored, managed or advised by GSAM may differ from the
determination and calculation made by GSAM in respect of one or more other funds or accounts. Additional information
about the resolution of and compensation for incidents is available upon request.
When GSAM determines that compensation by GSAM is appropriate, the client will be compensated as determined in good
faith by GSAM. GSAM will determine the amount to be reimbursed, if any, based on what it considers reasonable
guidelines regarding these matters in light of all of the facts and circumstances related to the incident. In general,
compensation is expected to be limited to direct and actual losses, which may be calculated relative to comparable
conforming investments, market factors and benchmarks and with reference to other factors GSAM considers relevant.
Compensation generally will not include any amounts or measures that GSAM considers to be speculative or uncertain,
including potential opportunity losses resulting from delayed investment or sale as a result of correcting an error or other
forms of consequential or indirect losses. In calculating any reimbursement amount, GSAM generally will not consider tax
implications for, or the tax status of, any affected client. GSAM expects that, subject to its discretion, losses will be netted
with an account’s gains arising from a single incident or a series of related incidents (including, for the avoidance of doubt,
incidents stemming from the same root cause) and will not exceed amounts in relation to an appropriate replacement
investment, benchmark or other relevant product returns. Losses may also be capped at the value of the actual loss,
particularly when the outcome of a differing investment would in GSAM’s view be speculative or uncertain or in light of
reasonable equitable considerations. As a result, compensation is expected to be limited to the lesser of actual losses or
losses in relation to comparable investments, benchmarks or other relevant factors. Furthermore, GSAM expects to follow
a materiality policy with respect to client accounts. Therefore, in certain circumstances, mistakes that result in losses below
a threshold will not be compensable.
GSAM may also consider whether it is possible to adequately address a mistake through cancellation, correction,
reallocation of losses and gains or other means.
In general it is GSAM’s policy to notify clients of incidents corrected post-settlement that violate a client guideline and
certain errors that result in a loss to the client and are otherwise compensable. Generally, GSAM will not notify clients of
non-compensable incidents. In addition, separate account clients will not be notified of incidents if the resulting loss is less
than $1,000. Investors in a pooled investment vehicle will generally not be notified of the occurrence of an incident or the
resolution thereof. Additional information about resolution of and compensation for incidents is available upon request
and may be set forth in the prospectuses or other relevant offering documents of GSAM-managed pooled investment
vehicles. GSAM may at any time, in its sole discretion and without notice to investors, amend or supplement its policies
with respect to account errors and error resolution.
Item 13 – Review of Accounts
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Senior members of GSAM’s portfolio management teams periodically review Advisory Accounts. They conduct the review
either individually or in a group, depending upon account needs and market conditions.
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Reviews of Advisory Accounts include a review of the Advisory Account’s performance, investment objectives, security
positions and other investment opportunities, as well as portfolio guidelines and liquidity requirements, if applicable.
Additional reviews may be undertaken at the discretion of GSAM.
Compliance with investment guidelines for Advisory Accounts is generally judged at time of purchase of securities or other
investments. However, from time to time, there may exist certain circumstances when compliance with applicable
investment guidelines will be tested as of the next occurring post-trade compliance check conducted in a relevant
jurisdiction of the Advisory Account (e.g., transactions executed in multiple time zones).
FACTORS TRIGGERING A REVIEW
In addition to periodic reviews, GSAM performs reviews of separately managed accounts as it deems appropriate or as
otherwise required. Additional reviews may be undertaken for reasons including changes in market conditions, changes in
security positions or changes in a client’s investment objective or policies.
CLIENT REPORTS
GSAM provides advisory clients who have separately managed accounts with written reports on a quarterly basis or as
otherwise agreed to with the client, which may be available through client-dedicated web access. These reports generally
include, among other things, a summary of all activity in the client account, including all purchases and sales of securities
and any debits and credits to the account, a summary of holdings including a portfolio valuation, and the change in value of
the account during the reporting period.
Investors in GSAM-managed private pooled investment vehicles receive certain periodic reports, which may include written
individualized capital information, annual reports, monthly net asset value statements, and annual audited financial
statements and cash flow statements.
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation
COMPENSATION FOR CLIENT REFERRALS
General
From time to time, the Registrants may make payments for client referrals to affiliated and unaffiliated persons in
accordance with applicable laws.
Referrals by Affiliates
In certain circumstances, and in accordance with applicable laws, a particular Registrant (or a particular business unit within
a Registrant) or an affiliate of the Registrants will refer clients to another Registrant (or another business unit within the
same or a different Registrant). Payment for any such referrals may take the form of cash or non-cash compensation
(including a reduction of management fees or performance-based compensation).
Intermediaries and Other Third Parties
Goldman Sachs or the Advisory Accounts have in the past made, and may in the future make, payments to authorized
dealers and other financial intermediaries and to salespersons (collectively, “Intermediaries”) to promote the Advisory
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Accounts or other products. These payments may be made out of Goldman Sachs’ assets or amounts payable to Goldman
Sachs. These payments create an incentive for an Intermediary to highlight, feature or recommend Advisory Accounts.
Subject to applicable law and regulations, such payments may compensate Intermediaries for, among other things:
marketing the Advisory Accounts and other products (which may consist of payments resulting in or relating to the
inclusion of Advisory Accounts and other products on preferred or recommended fund lists or in certain sales programs
sponsored by the Intermediaries); access to the Intermediaries’ registered representatives or salespersons, including at
conferences and other meetings; assistance in training and education of personnel of Goldman Sachs; fees for directing
investors to the Advisory Accounts and other products; “finders fees” or “referral fees” or other fees for providing
assistance in promoting the Advisory Accounts and other products (which may include promotions in communications with
the Intermediaries’ customers, registered representatives and salespersons); various non-cash and cash incentive
arrangements to promote certain products, as well as sponsor various educational programs, sales contests and/or
promotions; travel expenses, meals, lodging and entertainment of Intermediaries and their salespersons and guests in
connection with educational, sales and promotional programs; subaccounting, administrative and/or shareholder
processing or other investor services that are in addition to the fees paid for these services by the Advisory Accounts or
products; and other services intended to assist in the distribution and marketing of the Advisory Accounts and other
products. Goldman Sachs, in certain circumstances and for certain financial intermediaries, pays for all or a portion of the
fees associated with technology platforms that provide access to Goldman Sachs products and services on behalf of those
financial intermediaries. In addition, Goldman Sachs could hire or dedicate Goldman Sachs employees, or pay all or part of
the salaries of employees of financial intermediaries, to provide administrative or other services in connection with
investments by clients of such financial intermediaries into Goldman Sachs products. Certain financial intermediaries
receive an economic benefit from investing their client’s assets in Goldman Sachs products and services in the form of
revenues received by Goldman Sachs offsetting a payment obligation the financial intermediary would otherwise have to
Goldman Sachs or in the form of a revenue sharing arrangement whereby Goldman Sachs shares a portion of its fees and
allocations with the financial intermediary.
These payments may differ by Intermediary and are negotiated based on a range of factors, including but not limited to,
ability to attract and retain assets, target markets, customer relationships, quality of service and industry reputation.
Goldman Sachs and its personnel, including employees of GSAM, have relationships with, and purchase, or distribute or sell,
services or products from or to, distributors, consultants, and others who recommend Advisory Accounts, or who engage in
transactions with or for Advisory Accounts. Consultants and such other parties may receive compensation from Goldman
Sachs or Advisory Accounts in connection with such relationships. In accordance with internal policies and procedures,
Goldman Sachs also pays certain fees for membership in industry-wide or state and municipal organizations and otherwise
helps sponsor conferences and educational forums for investment industry participants from time to time including, but not
limited to, trustees, fiduciaries, consultants, administrators, state and municipal personnel and other clients. Goldman
Sachs’ membership in such organizations allows Goldman Sachs to participate in these conferences and educational forums
and helps Goldman Sachs interact with conference participants and to develop an understanding of the points of view and
challenges of the conference participants. GSAM may pay fees to third parties (e.g., service providers to potential clients,
such as record-keepers or administrators) in exchange for the right to include information regarding Advisory Accounts and
other products on portals or databases to which such potential clients will have access for purposes of considering potential
investment alternatives. Personnel, including employees of GSAM, may have board, advisory, brokerage or other
relationships with issuers, distributors, consultants and others that have (or have interests in) Advisory Accounts or that
recommend Advisory Accounts or portfolio transactions for Advisory Accounts. As a result of these relationships and
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arrangements, consultants, distributors and other parties have conflicts associated with their promotion of Advisory
Accounts or other dealings with Advisory Accounts that create incentives for them to promote Advisory Accounts or
portfolio transactions. Goldman Sachs, including GSAM, and its personnel make charitable contributions to certain
institutions, including those that have relationships with clients or personnel of clients, and certain personnel have board
relationships with charitable institutions. In accordance with internal policies and procedures, personnel may also make
political contributions to clients. The individuals and entities with which Goldman Sachs and its personnel have these
relationships may have (or have an interest in) or recommend Advisory Accounts.
Item 15 – Custody
Client funds and securities are held by a qualified custodian (which may be an affiliate of GSAM) appointed by clients
pursuant to a separate custody agreement, or are held by the clients themselves. Under the Advisers Act, GSAM is deemed
to have custody of client assets under certain circumstances, including where clients maintain assets at a bank, broker-
dealer, futures commission merchant or other qualified custodian affiliated with GSAM, where GSAM debits its fees directly
from the Advisory Account, where the terms of an agreement between a client and a qualified custodian permit GSAM to
instruct the custodian to disburse, or transfer, funds or securities, or in certain cases where GSAM purchases privately
offered securities on behalf of the Advisory Account.
GSAM does not endorse or guarantee the service (custody or other services) of any custodian or administrative servicer.
The client is responsible for performing appropriate due diligence in selecting and entering into a separate agreement with
such custodian or administrative servicer. Unless otherwise agreed with the client and except with respect to an Advisory
Account that is a pooled investment vehicle and with respect to which GSAM is deemed to have custody of its funds and
securities because GSAM (or an affiliate) serves as its general partner, managing member or similar capacity, GSAM is not
responsible for the selection or ongoing monitoring of client custodians or administrative servicers. GSAM will not be
responsible for any services of the custodian or administrative servicer or for the performance or nonperformance of any
services provided pursuant to the custodian or services agreement.
Clients will receive account statements directly from their custodian or trustee and should carefully review those
statements. In addition, clients are urged to compare the account statements that they receive from their qualified
custodian with any that they receive from GSAM.
Agency Accounts
In certain cases, GSAM is deemed to have custody of client assets when GSAM (or an affiliate) acts as agent in certain loan
syndication arrangements. In these cases, the loans held in Advisory Accounts’ portfolios that are originated or otherwise
sourced by GSAM are typically funded by a loan syndicate organized by GSAM (a “Loan Syndicate”). In many cases, GSAM
(or an affiliate) serves as the administrative agent to such Loan Syndicates. The participants in a Loan Syndicate (the “Loan
Syndicate Participants”) generally include GSAM and/or its affiliates, Advisory Accounts, and may include other bank and
non-bank lenders.
As the administrative agent to the Loan Syndicates, GSAM (or an affiliate) performs the duties and responsibilities typically
assigned to an administrative agent for and on behalf of each Loan Syndicate. Each Loan Syndicate’s credit agreement
requires GSAM (or an affiliate) to follow negotiated guidelines or formulas regarding the movement of cash to and from the
lenders and the borrower, as applicable, for the Loan Syndicate (e.g., the collection of loan proceeds from lenders and their
disbursement to the borrower, as well as the use and distribution of payments received from the borrower). Accordingly,
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GSAM (or an affiliate), in its capacity as the administrative agent, applies the terms of each credit agreement and has no
authority to determine how the cash is used, allocated or disbursed.
A single bank account (the “Agency Account”), established by GSAM (or an affiliate) and maintained by a qualified
custodian, facilitates the movement of cash to and from the lenders and the borrowers, as applicable, for all of the Loan
Syndicates. The Agency Account is opened by, and in the name of, GSAM (or an affiliate) as agent for the Loan Syndicate
Participants (i.e., the funds related to the Loan Syndicates are not held in separate accounts or sub-accounts for each Loan
Syndicate Participant under the Loan Syndicate Participant’s name, but are commingled in the Agency Account). The
qualified custodian of the Agency Account does not send Agency Account statements to the Loan Syndicate Participants.
Item 16 – Investment Discretion
GSAM accepts discretionary authority to manage securities accounts on behalf of clients. Clients for which GSAM has
investment discretion are required to sign an investment advisory agreement that authorizes the applicable GSAM entity to
supervise and direct the investment and reinvestment of assets in the Advisory Account, with discretion on the client’s
behalf and at the client’s risk. GSAM’s discretionary authority is limited by the terms of its investment advisory agreements
and the investment guidelines agreed between GSAM and each client. The investment guidelines or other account
documents generally include any limitations a client may place on GSAM’s discretionary authority, including any reasonable
restrictions on the securities and other financial instruments in which GSAM is authorized to invest.
With respect to the Stable Value business, the terms of Stable Value Contracts impose investment restrictions on GSAMLP’s
management of separate accounts or commingled fund accounts and on Unaffiliated Advisers that are generally more
restrictive than those imposed by clients or that would otherwise apply. These restrictions may limit the scope or types of
investments that Stable Value might otherwise include within an Advisory Account, and incentivize Stable Value to manage
Advisory Accounts under more conservative or restrictive investment guidelines so that such Advisory Accounts remain
eligible for access to such Stable Value Contracts.
For additional information about risks related to GSAM’s discretionary authority, please see Item 6, Performance-Based
Fees and Side-By-Side Management.
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities
PROXY VOTING POLICIES FOR CERTAIN GSAM BUSINESS LINES
The following proxy voting policies and matters apply with respect to all GSAM Public business lines and GSAM Private’s
business development companies business. The proxy voting policies and matters for the remaining GSAM Private
businesses are described separately in this Item 17 below under “Proxy Voting Policies for Other GSAM Business Lines”.
Authority to Vote
General
For Advisory Accounts for which GSAM has voting discretion, GSAM has adopted policies and procedures (the “Proxy Voting
Policy”) for the voting of proxies. Under the Proxy Voting Policy, GSAM’s guiding principles in performing proxy voting are
to make decisions that favor proposals that in GSAM’s view maximize a company’s long-term shareholder value and are not
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influenced by conflicts of interest. These principles reflect GSAM’s belief that sound corporate governance will create a
framework within which a company can be managed in the interests of its shareholders. To implement these guiding
principles for investments in publicly-traded equities of operating and/or holding companies, GSAM has developed
customized proxy voting guidelines (the “Guidelines”) that it generally applies when voting on behalf of Advisory Accounts.
The Guidelines address a wide variety of individual topics, including, among other matters, shareholder voting rights, anti-
takeover defenses, board structures, the election of directors, executive and director compensation, reorganizations,
mergers, issues of corporate social responsibility and shareholder proposals. The Proxy Voting Policy, including the
Guidelines, is reviewed annually to ensure that it continues to be consistent with GSAM’s guiding principles.
GSAM has retained a third-party proxy voting platform service (the “Proxy Platform Service”) to assist in the
implementation of certain proxy voting-related functions, including, without limitation, operational, recordkeeping and
reporting services. GSAM applies the Guidelines to each proxy issue and determines the appropriate voting decision. The
Proxy Platform Service provides a platform that facilitates the casting of those votes in an efficient manner. GSAM conducts
an annual due diligence meeting with the Proxy Platform Service to review the processes and procedures related to their
voting platform, including any material changes in the services, operations, staffing or processes.
Under the oversight of GSAM, initial voting outputs (“Outputs”) are developed for each proxy vote that reflect the
application of the Guidelines to the particular proposal. Final votes are then submitted by GSAM through a proxy voting
platform. In some cases, in certain markets, votes may be automatically submitted in accordance with the Output, although
GSAM retains the ability to recall such automatically submitted votes if warranted. If GSAM becomes aware that an issuer
has filed, or will file, additional proxy solicitation materials sufficiently in advance of the voting deadline, GSAM will
generally endeavor to consider such information where such information is viewed, in its discretion, as material when
casting a vote.
While it is GSAM’s policy generally to follow the Guidelines, GSAM’s portfolio management teams may on certain proxy
votes seek approval to diverge from the Output or votes cast by other portfolio management teams by following an
“override” process. Given the case-by-case nature of the Guidelines, there may be a difference of opinion as to the
appropriate voting decision under the Guidelines on certain proxy votes. The override process seeks to ensure that override
decisions are not influenced by any conflict of interest. As a result of the override process, portfolio management teams
may vote differently on proposals for the same company.
From time to time, GSAM’s ability to vote proxies may be affected by regulatory requirements and compliance, legal or
logistical considerations. As a result, GSAM, from time to time, may determine that it is not practicable or desirable to vote
proxies.
GSAM may have voting discretion with respect to Advisory Accounts that own securities issued by Goldman Sachs, its
affiliates or pooled investment vehicles managed by GSAM or its affiliates. In circumstances in which GSAM has discretion
to vote proxies with respect to such securities, GSAM will generally instruct that such proxies be voted in the same
proportion as other proxies are voted with respect to a proposal, subject to applicable legal and regulatory requirements.
Determinations by GSAM as to whether and how to vote proxies with respect to securities issued by Goldman Sachs, its
affiliates or pooled investment vehicles managed by GSAM or its affiliates creates a conflict between the interests of
Goldman Sachs and GSAM, on the one hand, and Advisory Accounts, on the other hand.
GSAM has implemented processes designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions that
GSAM makes on behalf of advisory clients, including the Advisory Accounts. These processes include information barriers
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as well as the use of GSAM’s Guidelines and the override approval process previously discussed. Notwithstanding such
proxy voting processes, proxy voting decisions made by GSAM in respect of securities held by a particular Advisory Account
may benefit the interests of Goldman Sachs and/or Accounts other than the Advisory Account, provided that GSAM
believes such voting decisions to be in accordance with its fiduciary obligations. Examples of material conflicts of interest
that could arise in connection with a proxy voting decision include, without limitation, circumstances in which (i) Goldman
Sachs has a business relationship with or other interests in the issuer or another interested party and (ii) Goldman Sachs
personnel have a personal relationship with personnel of the issuer or another interested party. Conflicts of interest
relating to proxy voting decisions also arise in situations in which Goldman Sachs (including GSAM) or Accounts (including
Advisory Accounts), on the one hand, and a particular Advisory Account, on the other hand, invest in or extend credit to the
same issuer, but in different parts of the issuer’s capital structure. See Item 11, Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in
Client Transactions and Personal Trading—Participation or Interest in Client Accounts—Investments in and Advice
Regarding Different Parts of an Issuer’s Capital Structure.
When GSAM engages Advisers to manage the assets of Advisory Accounts pursuant to a discretionary investment advisory
agreement, such Advisers generally will be responsible for taking all action with respect to the underlying securities held in
the applicable Advisory Account. In addition, when GSAM invests the assets of Advisory Accounts, including XIG Program
Funds, in Underlying Funds that are hedge funds, GSAM generally has no ability to take any action with respect to the
securities held in the Underlying Funds. However, GSAM may be responsible for voting with respect to the interests in such
Underlying Funds.
Client Directed Votes
GSAM clients who have delegated voting responsibility to GSAM with respect to their Advisory Account may from time to
time contact their client representative if they would like to direct GSAM to vote in a particular solicitation. GSAM will use
its commercially reasonable efforts to vote according to the client’s request in these circumstances, but cannot provide
assurances that such voting requests will be implemented.
Clients can obtain information regarding how securities were voted by a particular Advisory Account by calling their
Goldman Sachs representative. GSAM’s Proxy Voting Policy is available upon request.
Proxy Voting Policies - No Authority
GSAM is not delegated proxy voting authority on behalf of all of its Advisory Accounts and certain clients may retain proxy
voting authority for certain securities within the Advisory Account. With respect to those Advisory Accounts for which
GSAM does not conduct proxy voting, clients should work with their custodians to ensure they receive their proxies and
other solicitations for securities held in their Advisory Account. Such clients may contact their GSAM client service
representative if they have a question on particular proxy voting matters or solicitations.
Class Actions and Similar Matters
With respect to shareholder class action litigation and similar matters, GSAM’s separate account clients are encouraged to
contact their custodians and ensure that they receive notices and are aware of the participation and filing requirements
related to class action and similar proceedings. GSAM generally will not make any filings in connection with any
shareholder class action lawsuits and similar matters (including against Goldman Sachs or its affiliates) involving securities
held or that were held in separate accounts for clients, and will not be required to notify custodians or clients of
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shareholder class action lawsuits and similar matters. GSAM will not be responsible for any failure to make such filings or, if
it determines to make such filings in its sole discretion, to make such filings in a timely manner.
PROXY VOTING POLICIES FOR OTHER GSAM BUSINESS LINES
The following proxy voting policies and matters apply with respect to GSAM Private other than its business development
companies business (the proxy voting policies and matters for GSAM Private’s business development companies business
and the remaining GSAM business lines are described in this Item 17 above under “Proxy Voting Policies for Certain GSAM
Business Lines”). Accordingly, all references in this section to “GSAM Private” does not include its business development
companies business.
GSAM Private generally has the authority to vote the securities held by all of the Advisory Accounts, which in certain cases
may be revoked by an investor due to regulatory considerations. GSAM Private’s guiding principles are to make proxy
voting decisions that (i) tend to maximize the long term value of an Advisory Account’s investment and (ii) minimize the
impact of conflicts of interest. See “Proxy Voting Policies for Certain GSAM Business Lines—Authority to Vote—General”
above for examples of conflicts of interest that may arise in connection with proxy voting decisions by GSAM Private.
Once a conflict is identified, GSAM Private will take such steps as it believes to be necessary in order to vote the proxy in
accordance with the guiding principles described above and its fiduciary obligations to its clients. Material conflicts of
interest between GSAM Private and an Advisory Account with respect to proxy voting (which are not otherwise addressed
by the guidelines) are typically resolved as follows:
GSAM Private may disclose the conflict of interest to the Advisory Accounts and obtain the written consent of the
Advisory Account, before voting. When seeking this consent, GSAM Private must provide the client with all
pertinent information, including the nature of GSAM Private’s conflict; or
GSAM Private may abstain from voting the proxies or vote the proxies in accordance with the recommendation of
an independent third party such as Institutional Shareholder Services or Broadridge Financial Solutions Inc.; or
GSAM Private may take any other steps as it deems appropriate that result in a decision to vote the proxies that is
based on the Advisory Account’s best interest.
In evaluating investor-voting proposals, GSAM Private may consider information from a variety of sources, including,
without limitation, management of the entity presenting a proxy proposal, shareholder groups, and/or independent proxy
research services. In all cases, however, the ultimate decision on how to vote a proxy rests with the relevant GSAM Private
investment professionals based upon their assessment of the particular transactions or other matters at issue. Investors
may contact GSAM Private to obtain information about how securities in the Advisory Accounts were voted and to obtain a
copy of GSAM Private’s proxy voting policy.
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Item 18 – Financial Information
This item is not applicable.
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Glossary
As used in this Brochure, these terms have the following meanings.
“1933 Act” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
“1934 Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Accounts” means Goldman Sachs’ own accounts, accounts in which personnel of Goldman Sachs have an interest,
accounts of Goldman Sachs’ clients and pooled investment vehicles that Goldman Sachs sponsors, manages or advises. For
the avoidance of doubt, the term “Accounts” includes Advisory Accounts.
“Advisers” means Affiliated Advisers and Unaffiliated Advisers.
“Advisers Act” means the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.
“Advisory Accounts” means separately managed accounts (or separate accounts) and pooled investment vehicles such as
mutual funds, collective trusts and private investment funds that are sponsored, managed or advised by GSAM.
“Affiliated Advisers” means investment advisers that are affiliated with Goldman Sachs.
“Affiliated Products” means investment products, including separately managed accounts and pooled vehicles, managed,
sponsored or advised by GSAM or Goldman Sachs.
“Agency Account” means a single bank account established by GSAM (or an affiliate) and maintained by a qualified
custodian that facilitates the movement of cash to and from the lenders and the borrowers, as applicable, for all of the Loan
Syndicates.
“Alternative Investments” means intermediate investment vehicles (for example, feeder funds) formed or managed by
GSAM or an affiliate.
“Asset & Wealth Management” means the Goldman Sachs Asset & Wealth Management business.
“BHCA” means the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended.
“Brochure” means Registrants’ Form ADV, Part 2A.
“CBOs” means collateralized bond obligations.
“CFTC” means the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
“CLOs” means collateralized loan obligations.
“CoCos” means contingent convertible bonds.
“Code” means the Registrants’ Code of Ethics.
“Co-Branded Model Portfolios” means model portfolios that allocate only to Affiliated Products and External Products
managed by a particular Unaffiliated Adviser pursuant to a co-branding agreement or other collaboration agreement.
“Co-Investment Advisers” means Advisers to which HFS has allocated Advisory Account assets or by other Advisers or other
persons with whom HFS or its affiliates have a relationship.
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“Co-Investment Opportunity” means the opportunity to invest alongside funds or other Advisory Accounts with respect to
one or more investments.
“Consulting Groups” means certain groups of experts, advisors, consultants, operation consulting experts, thought leaders,
subject matter experts and other persons intended to provide support in connection with the activities of certain Advisory
Accounts.
“CPO” means commodity pool operator.
“CTA” means commodity trading advisor.
“Diligence Reports” means due diligence reports and other information with respect to one or more Underlying Funds and
Unaffiliated Advisers.
“Dodd-Frank Act” means the U.S. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, as amended.
“EBITDA” means earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization.
“ECN/Trading Venue” means centralized exchanges and trading platforms, electronic communication networks, alternative
trading systems and other similar execution or trading systems or venues.
“Enrolled Participant” means an enrolled plan participant or retail investor to which GSAM provides Managed Account
Services.
“Enrolled Participant Account” means an account for an Enrolled Participant to which GSAM provides Managed Account
Services.
“ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.
“ESG” means environmental, social and governance-oriented investing.
“ETF” means exchange-traded fund.
“Existing Investment Account” means an Account invested in an Underlying Fund in which a New Investment Account
makes a secondary investment.
“External Funds” means hedge funds and private equity funds advised by Unaffiliated Advisers.
“External Products” means investment products, including separately managed accounts and pooled vehicles, managed,
sponsored or advised by Unaffiliated Advisers.
“FCA” means the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority.
“Federal Reserve” means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
“forward commitment” means a contract to purchase or sell securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond customary
settlement time.
“Freddie Mac” means the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation.
“GIC” means guaranteed investment contracts.
“Goldman Sachs” means, collectively, GSAM Holdings LLC, GS Group, GSAM, GS&Co. and their respective affiliates,
directors, partners, trustees, managers, members, officers and employees.
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“Goldman Sachs Wealth Services” means Goldman Sachs Wealth Services, L.P.
“GS Fund of Funds” means an Affiliated Product that pursues its investment objectives by allocating assets, directly or
indirectly, to External Products.
“GS Group” means The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.
“GS RICs” means business development companies and registered investment companies formed from time to time by
GSAM.
“GS&Co.” means Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC.
“GSAM” means Goldman Sachs Asset & Wealth Management, which today is comprised of GSAMLP, GSAMI, GSAMC,
GSAMHK, GSAMS, and various locally regulated affiliates around the world.
“GSAMC” means Goldman Sachs Asset Management Co. Ltd.
“GSAMHK” means Goldman Sachs Asset Management (Hong Kong) Limited.
“GSAMI” means Goldman Sachs Asset Management International.
“GSAMIH” means Goldman Sachs Asset Management International Holdings LLC.
“GSAMLP” means Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P.
“GSAMS” means Goldman Sachs Asset Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.
“GSAM Approved Managers” means the Unaffiliated Advisers approved by XIG.
“GSAM Employee Funds” means investment vehicles organized to facilitate investment by its current or former directors,
partners, trustees, managers, members, officers, employees, and their families and related entities, including employee
benefit plans in which they participate, and current consultants.
“GSAM ETFs” means the exchange-traded funds for which GSAM or its affiliates act as investment adviser.
“GSAM Personnel” means the personnel of the various entities comprising GSAM.
“GSAM Private” means the private alternatives business of GSAMLP, together with the private alternatives businesses of
other Registrants (formerly known as GS Merchant Banking).
“GSAM Private Investment Committee” means an investment committee comprised of the senior professionals in GSAM
Private and other control-side professionals of Goldman Sachs.
“GSAM Private Investment Team” means a team of investment professionals that carries out the process of investing in or
lending to a company on behalf of GSAM Private.
“GSAM Public” means the businesses within GSAM other than GSAM Private.
“GSAM Strategies” means investment and trading strategies developed by GSAM or its affiliates or co-developed by GSAM
or its affiliates and a third party.
“GSI” means Goldman Sachs International.
“GSTC” means The Goldman Sachs Trust Company, N.A.
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“GSTD” means The Goldman Sachs Trust Company of Delaware.
“Guidelines” means customized proxy voting guidelines that GSAM has developed.
“HFS” means GSAMLP’s Hedge Fund Strategies business.
“Hybrid Securities” means preferred and deeply subordinated long-term debt.
“IBOR” means an interbank offered rate.
“Index” means stock market and other indexes developed, owned and operated by GSAM and its affiliates.
“Industry Advisors” means certain members of a Consulting Group that may participate in one or more of the other
Consulting Groups and/or serve as advisors to GSAM with respect to investment in and management of portfolio company
investments.
“Intermediaries” means, collectively, authorized dealers and other financial intermediaries and salespersons.
“Investment Company Act” means the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
“IPO/New Issue” means an initial public offering or new issue.
“IPS” means Inflation Protected Securities.
“IRS” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.
“LIBOR” means the London Inter-bank Offered Rate.
“Loan Syndicate” means a loan syndicate organized by GSAM.
“Loan Syndicate Program” means GSAM and its affiliates, Advisory Accounts, and other bank and non-bank lenders
that participate in a Loan Syndicate.
“Managed Account Services” means the goal and risk-based financial planning and portfolio management services
offered by GSAM.
“Managed Account Services Algorithms” means the algorithms used by Managed Account Services.
“Managed Account Services Guidance” means non-fiduciary retirement planning guidance tools and services for
Enrolled Participant Accounts.
“Manager of Manager Accounts” means pooled investment vehicles and separately managed accounts managed by
GSAM and/or its affiliates and sub-advised by Unaffiliated Advisers selected by XIG.
“MAS” means Multi-Asset Solutions Group.
“MAS Program Funds” means pooled investment vehicles formed and managed by the MAS team, including vehicles
formed primarily for investment by other Advisory Accounts of MAS, and pooled investment vehicles formed and managed
by others, including affiliates.
“MiFID II” means the Second Markets in Financial Instruments Directive.
“MLPs” means master limited partnerships.
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“Model Portfolio Accounts” means accounts managed by Model Portfolio Advisers, including PWM, based on model
portfolios provided by GSAM.
“Model Portfolio Advisers” means affiliated and unaffiliated investment advisers to which GSAM provides model portfolios.
“New Investment Account” means an Account that invests in a secondary investment involving an Underlying Fund in
which an Existing Investment Account has invested.
“Non-Discretionary Co-investors” means certain non-discretionary Advisory Accounts or other potential investors,
including funds organized for the purpose of investing in the specific transaction.
“OTC” means over-the-counter markets.
“Outputs” means the initial voting outputs that are developed for each proxy vote.
“Participating Affiliates” means GSAM’s non-U.S. affiliated advisers that may provide advice or research to GSAM for use
with GSAM’s U.S. clients.
“Participations” means participation interests.
“PIPEs” means private investments in public equities.
“Plan Sponsors” means the retirement savings plan clients of Managed Account Services.
“Profits Interests” means material equity, profits or other interests with respect to Unaffiliated Advisers, their Underlying
Funds or their affiliates and/or other special rights that Seeding Funds may receive in exchange for allocating assets to
“start-up” Advisers.
“Proxy Platform Service” means a third-party proxy voting platform service, currently Institutional Shareholder Services, a
unit of RiskMetrics Group, and, with respect to U.S. equities only, Broadridge Financial Solutions Inc.
“Proxy Voting Policy” means GSAM’s policies and procedures for the voting of proxies on behalf of Advisory Accounts for
which GSAM has voting discretion.
“PWM” means the Private Wealth Management unit of GS&Co.
“QES” means Quantitative Equity Strategies.
“QIS” means Quantitative Investment Strategies.
“QOF” means a qualified opportunity fund.
“QOZ” means a census tract (generally low-income urban, suburban or rural communities) that has been designated as a
“qualified opportunity zone”.
“Quantitative Strategies” means the quantitative techniques pursued by the QIS and QES teams.
“Real Estate Operating Platforms” means real estate operating platforms established by GSAM Private to service Advisory
Account real estate assets.
“Recommendation” means a written analysis and recommendation of a proxy vote that reflects the Proxy Service’s
application of the Guidelines to the particular proxy issues.
“REIT” means real estate investment trust.
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“Registrants” means GSAMLP, GSAMI, GSAMC, GSAMHK and GSAMS.
“Related Accounts” means accounts that are deemed to be related under the relevant tax rules and regulations.
“Retail Managed Account Services” means the advisory services provided by GSAM, alongside a WMA Institution, to retail
investor IRAs and other taxable accounts.
“SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Seeding Funds” means XIG Program Funds that allocate assets primarily to “start-up” Advisers that have limited or no
independent track records, as well as certain other Advisers that are seeking seed or similar investments, in each case
generally in exchange for Profits Interests.
“Selling Institution” means a selling institution.
“Software Platform” means the automated goal and risk-based financial planning and portfolio management software
developed by GSAM.
“Sponsors” means broker-dealers, including affiliates of GSAM that sponsor Wrap Programs.
“Stable Value” means GSAMLP’s Stable Value business.
“Stable Value Contracts” means, for retirement plans and other Advisory Accounts that have a “stable value” or similar
investment objective, providers of wrap, separate account or other benefit responsive agreements.
“STIF” means Short-Term Investment Fund.
“SPACs” means special purpose acquisition companies.
“TACS Account” means an account that pursues a TACS Strategy.
“TACS Strategy” means a tax-managed strategy.
“Tactical Tilts” means tactical investment ideas generally derived from short-term market views.
“Technology Companies” means technology-enabled companies (i.e., companies whose business models are enabled by
technology).
“Third-Party Management Companies” means alternative investments advisers and their affiliates in which Advisory
Accounts may acquire minority stakes.
“TIPS” means Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities.
“TK” means a Japanese special purpose acquisition structure known as the tokumei kumiai.
“TMK” means a tokutei mokuteki kaisha, a special purpose vehicle more than 50% of each class and each type of the equity
interests of which (with certain exceptions) must be offered in Japan.
“Unaffiliated Advisers” means investment advisers that are unaffiliated with Goldman Sachs. For purposes of this
Brochure, “Unaffiliated Advisers” include (i) investment advisers that are not controlled by Goldman Sachs, but in which
certain Advisory Accounts hold equity, profits or other interests and (ii) investment advisers with which Goldman Sachs has
business relationships.
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“Underlying Fund LPAC” means a committee of investors in an Underlying Fund which is given the authority to make
certain determinations on behalf of the Underlying Fund or the investors therein, including in many cases with respect to
certain required consents and/or conflicts.
“Underlying Funds” means investment funds (including pooled investment vehicles and private funds) in which one or
more Advisory Accounts invest.
“Volcker Rule” means the Volcker rule contained within the Dodd-Frank Act, as amended.
“when-issued securities” means securities that have been authorized, but not yet issued.
“WMA Institutional Fee” means the advisory fee for Retail Managed Account Services charged to Enrolled Participants.
“WMA Institution” means the firm that engages GSAM to provide Workplace Managed Account Services to Enrolled
Participant Accounts.
“Workplace Managed Account Services” means the advisory services provided by GSAM to WMA Institutions and Plan
Sponsors.
“Workplace Managed Account Fees” means the advisory fee for Workplace Managed Account Services.
“Wrap Programs” means programs sponsored by certain broker-dealers through which GSAM provides investment advisory
services and where a client pays a single, all-inclusive (or “wrap”) asset-based fee charged by the Sponsor for asset
management, trade execution, custody, performance monitoring and reporting through the Sponsor.
“XIG” means External Investing Group.
“XIG Program Funds” means investment vehicles managed by XIG that invest substantially all of their assets in primary
investments in Underlying Funds managed by Unaffiliated Advisers.
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Appendix A – Fee Schedules
GSAMLP STANDARD FEE SCHEDULE – WEALTH
MANAGEMENT SEPARATELY MANAGED ACCOUNTS
GSAMLP’s affiliate, GS&Co., and Goldman Sachs Wealth Services,
L.P., provides investment advisory services through its Wealth
Management unit. Wealth Advisors will from time to time
recommend or, where GS&Co. has discretionary authority to
appoint managers, select GSAMLP to manage all or a portion of a
client’s assets.
Absent special circumstances, the advisory fees associated with
the first asset tiers ($0-10mm) set forth in the below schedules
represent the maximum advisory fees that may currently be
charged for new Wealth Management separately managed
accounts. Fees for preexisting Wealth Management separately
managed accounts may be higher or lower per strategy or may
have negotiated a flat fee that is higher or lower than the current
rate shown below. Please note that certain clients may be subject
to minimum annual fees. Additionally, certain employees of the
firm or an affiliate may receive advisory services at lower rates or
on a fee free basis and may be able to invest at lower minimums
than clients currently invest.
Wealth Advisors will provide on-going client services with respect
to assets of PWM clients managed by GSAMLP and will receive a
portion of the fee charged by GSAMLP.
Index Oriented – Tax Advantaged Core Strategies
Dynamic Equity
$0-10 million
$10-25 million
$25-50 million
$50-100 million
$100-250 million
$250-500 million
More than $500 million
1.700%
1.100%
1.000%
0.900%
0.850%
0.800%
0.750%
$0-10 million
$10-25 million
$25-50 million
$50-100 million
$100-250 million
$250-500 million
More than $500 million
2.290%
1.740%
1.640%
1.540%
1.490%
1.440%
1.390%
Fixed Income
Active Core Equity, MLP
$0-10 million
$10-25 million
$25-50 million
$50-100 million
$100-250 million
$250-500 million
More than $500 million
1.900%
1.350%
1.250%
1.150%
1.100%
1.050%
1.000%
$0-10 million
$10-25 million
$25-50 million
$50-100 million
$100-250 million
$250-500 million
More than $500 million
0.750%
0.550%
0.500%
0.450%
0.400%
0.350%
0.300%
Active Satellite, Real Estate
Short Duration Fixed Income
$0-10 million
$10-25 million
$25-50 million
$50-100 million
$100-250 million
$250-500 million
More than $500 million
2.200%
1.650%
1.550%
1.450%
1.400%
1.350%
1.300%
$0-10 million
$10-25 million
$25-50 million
$50-100 million
$100-250 million
$250-500 million
More than $500 million
0.500%
0.450%
0.450%
0.400%
0.350%
0.300%
0.300%
All/SMid
Dynamic Fixed Income
$0-10 million
$10-25 million
$25-50 million
$50-100 million
$100-250 million
$250-500 million
More than $500 million
2.150%
1.600%
1.500%
1.400%
1.350%
1.300%
1.250%
$0-10 million
$10-25 million
$25-50 million
$50-100 million
$100-250 million
$250-500 million
More than $500 million
0.600%
0.600%
0.600%
0.600%
0.600%
0.600%
0.600%
Page | 164
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Other Fixed Income
$0-10 million
$10-25 million
$25-50 million
$50-100 million
$100-250 million
$250-500 million
More than $500 million
1.300%
1.300%
1.300%
1.300%
1.300%
1.300%
1.300%
Page | 165
Form ADV March 31, 2026
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
Appendix B – Select Non-U.S. Investment Vehicles Operated by Goldman Sachs
Entity
ADAMS ACQUISITION, L.P.
BROAD STREET REAL ESTATE CREDIT PARTNERS II OFFSHORE FEEDER FUND, L.P.
BROAD STREET REAL ESTATE CREDIT PARTNERS II OFFSHORE MASTER FUND, L.P.
BROAD STREET REAL ESTATE CREDIT PARTNERS III OFFSHORE FUND, L.P.
CIP 2011 PARTNERS OFFSHORE, L.P.
CLOVER OFFSHORE GP HOLDINGS (PARALLEL) LP
COLUMBUS OFFSHORE HOLDINGS LP
COLUMBUS OFFSHORE LP
COOK PARALLEL MASTER FUND LP
DISTRESSED MANAGERS II OFFSHORE HOLDINGS LP
DISTRESSED MANAGERS II OFFSHORE LP
DISTRESSED MANAGERS III OFFSHORE HOLDINGS LP
DISTRESSED MANAGERS III OFFSHORE LP
DSTG-2 2011 INVESTORS OFFSHORE, L.P.
GOLDMAN SACHS DEVELOPING MARKETS REAL ESTATE PMD QP FUND OFFSHORE, LTD.
GS CAPITAL PARTNERS 2000 OFFSHORE, L.P.
GS CAPITAL PARTNERS V EMPLOYEE JAPAN FUND, L.P.
GS CAPITAL PARTNERS V OFFSHORE FUND, L.P.
GS CAPITAL PARTNERS V OFFSHORE, L.P.
GS CAPITAL PARTNERS V PCP JAPAN FUND, L.P.
GS CAPITAL PARTNERS VI PMD JAPAN ESC FUND OFFSHORE, L.P.
GS EMPLOYEE FUND 2000 OFFSHORE (CORPORATE), L.P.
GS MEZZANINE PARTNERS V OFFSHORE FUND, L.P.
GS PIA 2000 EMPLOYEE OFFSHORE FUND, L.P.
GSCP V AIV, L.P.
HAMILTON ACQUISITION, L.P.
MBD 2011 HOLDINGS, L.P.
PEA GEORGETOWN OFFSHORE HOLDINGS LLC
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Form ADV March 31, 2026
Goldman Sachs Asset Management
PERRY PRIVATE OPPORTUNITIES ACCESS OFFSHORE HOLDINGS LP
PERRY PRIVATE OPPORTUNITIES FUND OFFSHORE LP
PETERSHILL PMD QP OFFSHORE LP
PLUM HOLDINGS LP
PRIVATE EQUITY HOLDINGS HEYDEN LP
PRIVATE EQUITY HOLDINGS VA LP
PRIVATE EQUITY MANAGERS (CONCENTRATED) OFFSHORE HOLDINGS LP
PRIVATE EQUITY PARTNERS 2000 OFFSHORE HOLDINGS LP
PRIVATE EQUITY PARTNERS 2000 OFFSHORE LP
TDN ACCESS OFFSHORE LP
VF III HOLDINGS, L.P.
VINTAGE II OFFSHORE LP
VINTAGE III OFFSHORE HOLDINGS LP
VINTAGE III OFFSHORE LP
VINTAGE REAL ESTATE PARTNERS III OFFSHORE (G) FOREIGN INCOME BLOCKER LTD
W2008 INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SUB LTD.
WHITEHALL STREET INTERNATIONAL EMPLOYEE MASTER FUND 2008, L.P.
WHITEHALL STREET INTERNATIONAL REPIA FUND 2001 (CORPORATE), L.P.
WHITEHALL STREET INTERNATIONAL REPIA FUND 2001, L.P.
WHITEHALL STREET INTERNATIONAL REPIA FUND 2005 CORP., L.P.
WHITEHALL STREET INTERNATIONAL REPIA FUND 2005, L.P.
Page | 167