View Document Text
Item 1
Cover Page
Great Waters Financial
Brochure
Dated: September 19, 2025
Contact: Justin Halverson, Chief Compliance Officer
4100 Lexington Ave. N, Suite 100
Shoreview, Minnesota
www.greatwatersfinancial.com
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Great
Waters Financial (the “Registrant”). If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure,
please contact us at (612) 360-2127. The information in this brochure has not been approved or
verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities
authority.
Additional information about Great Waters Financial also is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
References herein to Great Waters Financial as a “registered investment adviser” or any reference
to being “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Item 2
Material Changes
There have been no material changes made to this Brochure since Great Waters Financial’s initial Form
ADV filing made on March 6, 2024.
Great Waters Financial’s Chief Compliance Officer, Justin Halverson, remains available to address any
questions that an existing or prospective client may have regarding this Brochure.
2
Item 3
Table of Contents
Item 1 Cover Page .................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2 Material Changes .......................................................................................................................... 2
Item 3
Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3
Item 4 Advisory Business ........................................................................................................................ 4
Fees and Compensation .............................................................................................................. 10
Item 5
Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management .......................................................... 12
Item 6
Item 7
Types of Clients .......................................................................................................................... 12
Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ................................................... 12
Item 9 Disciplinary Information ............................................................................................................ 14
Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations .................................................................. 14
Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading.............. 15
Item 12 Brokerage Practices .................................................................................................................... 16
Item 13 Review of Accounts .................................................................................................................... 18
Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation .................................................................................. 19
Item 15 Custody ....................................................................................................................................... 19
Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................. 20
Item 16
Item 17 Voting Client Securities .............................................................................................................. 20
Item 18 Financial Information ................................................................................................................. 20
3
Item 4
Advisory Business
A. Great Waters Financial (the “Registrant”) is a limited liability company formed in
February 2020 in the state of Minnesota. The Registrant became an SEC registered
Investment Adviser Firm in October 2021. The Registrant is owned by Michael Palumbo,
Justin Halverson and Elijah Kovar.
B.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
The Registrant provides discretionary and/or non-discretionary investment advisory
services on a fee basis. The Registrant's annual investment advisory services are available
to clients based upon the following Tiered Service Schedule:
Tier
Program Name
What’s Included
Tier 1
Investment Only
Requirements Additional Fee
to Move Up a
Tier
N/A
Tier 2
Financial Plan
Tier 1 to Tier 2
Fee: $400/mo
Income & Distribution Management
Asset Allocation
401k Management
Asset Allocation
401k Management
Tier 3 Financial Plan Plus
Tier 2 to Tier 3
Fee: $700/mo
$50,000
Minimum AUA
$250,000
Minimum AUA
or $400/mo flat
fee
$1,000,000
Minimum AUA
or $1,000/mo flat
fee
Asset Allocation
401k Management
Income & Distribution Management
Protection Planning for Long Term
Care Expenses & Premature Death
Risk
Investing for Kids (no minimum)
Tier 4
Private Client
Tier 2 to Tier 4
Fee: $2,100/mo
$3,000,000
Minimum AUA
or $2,500/mo flat
fee
Tier 3 to Tier 4
Fee: $1,400/mo
Tax Strategy
Asset Allocation
401k Management
Income & Distribution Management
Protection Planning for Long Term
Care Expenses & Premature Death
Risk
Tax Strategy
Investing for Kids (no minimum)
Planning for Kids (no minimum)
Advanced Estate Analysis & Plan
Legacy Asset Plan
To the extent a client does not qualify for desired services based upon their assets under
advisement Tier, the client may choose to pay an additional fee, as outlined above in the
Tiered Services Schedule, to access those services.
4
FINANCIAL PLANNING AND CONSULTING SERVICES
The Registrant may provide financial planning and/or consulting services (including
investment and non-investment related matters, including estate planning, insurance
planning, etc.) on a stand-alone basis. Registrant’s planning and consulting fees are
negotiable, but generally range from $2,000 to $4,500 on a fixed fee basis, and from $150
to $350 on an hourly rate basis, depending upon the level and scope of the service(s)
required and the professional(s) rendering the service(s).
Prior to engaging the Registrant to provide planning or consulting services, clients are
generally required to enter into a Financial Planning and Consulting Agreement with
Registrant setting forth the terms and conditions of the engagement (including
termination), describing the scope of the services to be provided, and the portion of the
fee that is due from the client prior to Registrant commencing services.
If requested by the client, Registrant may recommend the services of other professionals
for implementation purposes, including certain of the Registrant’s representatives in their
individual capacities licensed insurance agents. (See disclosure at Item 10.C). The client
is under no obligation to engage the services of any such recommended professional. The
client retains absolute discretion over all such implementation decisions and is free to
accept or reject any recommendation from the Registrant.
If the client engages any recommended unaffiliated professional, and a dispute arises
thereafter relative to such engagement, the client agrees to seek recourse exclusively from
and against the engaged professional. At all times, the engaged licensed professional (i.e.,
attorney, accountant, insurance agent, etc.), and not the Registrant, shall be responsible
for the quality and competency of the services provided.
It remains the client’s responsibility to promptly notify the Registrant if there is ever any
change in their financial situation or investment objectives for the purpose of reviewing,
evaluating or revising Registrant’s previous recommendations and/or services.
MISCELLANEOUS
Limitations of Financial Planning and Non-Investment Consulting/Implementation
Services. Neither the Registrant nor its investment adviser representatives assist clients
with the implementation of any financial plan, unless they have agreed to do so in
writing. The Registrant does not monitor a client’s financial plan, and it is the client’s
responsibility to revisit the financial plan with the Registrant, if desired.
The Registrant may provide financial planning and related consulting services regarding
non-investment related matters, such as estate planning, tax planning, insurance, etc.
Registrant does not serve as an attorney or accountant, and no portion of its services
should be construed as legal or accounting services. Accordingly, Registrant does not
prepare estate planning documents.
To the extent requested by a client, Registrant may recommend the services of other
professionals for certain non-investment implementation purpose (i.e., attorneys,
5
accountants, insurance agents, etc.), including representatives of Registrant in their
separate individual capacities as licensed insurance agents. The client is under no
obligation to engage the services of any such recommended professional. The client
retains absolute discretion over all such implementation decisions and is free to accept or
reject any recommendation from Registrant and/or its representatives.
If the client engages any recommended unaffiliated professional, and a dispute arises
thereafter relative to such engagement, the client agrees to seek recourse exclusively from
and against the engaged professional. At all times, the engaged licensed professional[s]
(i.e., attorney, accountant, insurance agent, etc.), and not the Registrant, shall be
responsible for the quality and competency of the services provided.
Tax Preparation Services. The Registrant may provide tax preparation services to
investment advisory clients. Clients will be required to enter into a separate agreement
detailing the tax preparation services to be provided as well as any additional fee that
may be due to the Registrant for providing such services. Fees for the Registrant’s tax
preparation services are negotiable. No client is under any obligation to engage the
Registrant to provide tax preparation services.
Retirement Plan Rollovers – No Obligation / Conflict of Interest: A client or
prospective client leaving an employer typically has four options regarding an existing
retirement plan (and may engage in a combination of these options): (i) leave the money
in the former employer’s plan, if permitted, (ii) roll over the assets to the new employer’s
plan, if one is available and rollovers are permitted, (iii) roll over to an Individual
Retirement Account (“IRA”), or (iv) cash out the account value (which could, depending
upon the client’s age, result in adverse tax consequences). If Registrant recommends that
a client roll over their retirement plan assets into an account to be managed by Registrant,
such a recommendation creates a conflict of interest if Registrant will earn new (or
increase its current) compensation as a result of the rollover. If Registrant provides a
recommendation as to whether a client should engage in a rollover or not (whether it is
from an employer’s plan or an existing IRA), Registrant is acting as a fiduciary within the
meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal
Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws governing retirement accounts. No client is
under any obligation to roll over retirement plan assets to an account managed by
Registrant, whether it is from an employer’s plan or an existing IRA.
Non-Discretionary Service Limitations. Clients that determine to engage the Registrant
on a non-discretionary investment advisory basis must be willing to accept that the
Registrant cannot affect any account transactions without obtaining prior consent to any
such transaction(s) from the client. Therefore, in the event of a market correction during
which the client is unavailable, the Registrant will be unable to affect any account
transactions (as it would for its discretionary clients) without first obtaining the client’s
consent.
Use of Mutual Funds and Exchange Traded Funds. While the Registrant may allocate
investment assets to mutual funds and exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) that are not
available directly to the public, the Registrant may also allocate investment assets to
publicly available mutual funds and ETFs that the client could purchase without engaging
Registrant as an investment adviser. However, if a client or prospective client determines
to purchase publicly available mutual funds or ETFs without engaging Registrant as an
investment adviser, the client or prospective client would not receive the benefit of
6
Registrant’s initial and ongoing investment advisory services with respect to management
of the asset.
Other mutual funds, such as those issued by Dimensional Fund Advisors (“DFA”), are
generally only available through selected registered investment advisers. Registrant may
allocate client investment assets to DFA mutual funds. Therefore, upon the termination of
Registrant’s services to a client, restrictions regarding transferability and/or additional
purchases of, or reallocation among DFA funds will apply.
Use of Third-Party Estate Planning Service.
Registrant has entered into an arrangement with an unaffiliated third party, Wealth.com,
to provide clients with access to various estate planning tools and documentation.
Wealth.com provides a holistic estate planning solution that allows users to create,
manage and monitor estate plans through a proprietary technology platform administered
solely by Wealth.com. Wealth.com facilitates an optional hybrid model where clients can
leverage its online capabilities and also [for an additional fee] consult with third party
estate planning attorneys made available through the Wealth.com platform. Registrant
may refer clients to the Wealth.com platform, but will have no involvement with drafting
legal documents (other than provide assistance with use of the software) or making any
legal/estate planning decisions. Registrant does not receive any compensation in relation
to its Wealth.com arrangement and or referrals to Wealth.com. Registrant does not
provide legal advice and is not responsible for the content of the material provided to the
client by Wealth.com. Registrant’s clients may pay a fee to the Registrant as
compensation for its administrative support provided in connection with use of the
planning software. Registrant is not providing, or being compensated for, legal services.
Registrant’s fee will depend on the level of service being provided to the client in
connection with use of Wealth.com.
Socially Responsible (ESG) Investing Limitations. Registrant does not maintain or
advocate an ESG investment strategy but will seek to employ ESG if directed by a client
to do so. If implemented, Registrant shall rely upon the assessments undertaken by the
unaffiliated mutual fund, exchange traded fund or separate account portfolio manager to
determine that the fund’s or portfolio’s underlying company securities meet a socially
responsible mandate.
Socially Responsible Investing involves the incorporation of Environmental, Social and
Governance (“ESG”) considerations into the investment due diligence process. ESG
investing incorporates a set of criteria/factors used in evaluating potential investments:
Environmental (i.e., considers how a company safeguards the environment); Social (i.e.,
the manner in which a company manages relationships with its employees, customers,
and the communities in which it operates); and Governance (i.e., company management
considerations). The number of companies that meet an acceptable ESG mandate can be
limited when compared to those that do not and could underperform broad market
indices.
Investors must accept these limitations, including potential for underperformance.
Correspondingly, the number of ESG mutual funds and exchange-traded funds are
limited when compared to those that do not maintain such a mandate. As with any type of
investment (including any investment and/or investment strategies recommended and/or
undertaken by Registrant), there can be no assurance that investment in ESG securities or
funds will be profitable or prove successful.
7
Cash Positions. The Registrant treats cash as an asset class. As such, all cash positions
(money markets, etc.) shall be included as part of assets under management for purposes
of calculating the Registrant’s advisory fee. At any specific point in time, depending
upon perceived or anticipated market conditions/events (there being no guarantee that
such anticipated market conditions/events will occur), the Registrant may maintain cash
positions for defensive purposes. In addition, while assets are maintained in cash, such
amounts could miss market advances. Depending upon current yields, at any point in
time, Registrant’s advisory fee could exceed the interest paid by the client’s money
market fund.
Cash Sweep Accounts. Certain account custodians can require that cash proceeds from
account transactions or new deposits, be swept to and/or initially maintained in a
specific custodian designated sweep account. The yield on the sweep account will
generally be lower than those available for other money market accounts. When this
occurs, to help mitigate the corresponding yield dispersion Registrant shall (usually
within 30 days thereafter) generally (with exceptions) purchase a higher yielding money
market fund (or other type security) available on the custodian’s platform, unless
Registrant reasonably anticipates that it will utilize the cash proceeds during the
subsequent 30-day period to purchase additional investments for the client’s account.
Exceptions and/or modifications can and will occur with respect to all or a portion of the
cash balances for various reasons, including, but not limited to the amount of dispersion
between the sweep account and a money market fund, the size of the cash balance, an
indication from the client of an imminent need for such cash, or the client has a
demonstrated history of writing checks from the account.
The above does not apply to the cash component maintained within a Registrant actively
managed investment strategy (the cash balances for which shall generally remain in the
custodian designated cash sweep account), an indication from the client of a need for
access to such cash, assets allocated to an unaffiliated investment manager and cash
balances maintained for fee billing purposes.
The client shall remain exclusively responsible for yield dispersion/cash balance
decisions and corresponding transactions for cash balances maintained in any Registrant
unmanaged accounts.
Portfolio Activity. Registrant has a fiduciary duty to provide services consistent with the
client’s best interest. As part of its investment advisory services, Registrant will review
client portfolios on an ongoing basis to determine if any changes are necessary based
upon various factors, including but not limited to investment performance, fund manager
tenure, style drift, account additions/withdrawals, the client’s financial circumstances,
and changes in the client’s investment objectives. Based upon these and other factors,
there may be extended periods of time when Registrant determines that changes to a
client’s portfolio are neither necessary nor prudent. Clients nonetheless remain subject to
the fees described in Item 5 below during periods of account inactivity.
Reporting Services. Registrant can also provide account reporting services, which can
incorporate client investment assets that are not part of the assets that Registrant manages
(the “Excluded Assets”). Unless agreed to otherwise, the client and/or their other advisors
that maintain trading authority, and not Registrant, shall be exclusively responsible for
the investment performance of the Excluded Assets. Unless also agreed to otherwise,
8
Registrant does not provide investment management, monitoring or implementation
services for the Excluded Assets. If the Registrant is asked to make a recommendation as
to any Excluded Assets, the client is under absolutely no obligation to accept the
recommendation, and Registrant shall not be responsible for any implementation error
(timing, trading, etc.) relative to the Excluded Assets. The client can engage Registrant to
provide investment management services for the Excluded Assets pursuant to the terms
and conditions of the Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and the client.
Client Obligations. In performing its services, Registrant shall not be required to verify
any information received from the client or from the client’s other professionals and is
expressly authorized to rely thereon. Moreover, each client is advised that it remains
their responsibility to promptly notify the Registrant if there is ever any change in their
financial situation or investment objectives for the purpose of reviewing, evaluating or
revising Registrant’s previous recommendations and/or services.
Cybersecurity Risk. The information technology systems and networks that Registrant
and its third-party service providers use to provide services to Registrant’s clients employ
various controls that are designed to prevent cybersecurity incidents stemming from
intentional or unintentional actions that could cause significant interruptions in
Registrant’s operations and/or result in the unauthorized acquisition or use of clients’
confidential or non-public personal information.
In accordance with Regulation S-P, the Registrant is committed to protecting the privacy
and security of its clients' non-public personal information by implementing appropriate
administrative, technical, and physical safeguards. Registrant has established processes to
mitigate the risks of cybersecurity incidents, including the requirement to restrict access
to such sensitive data and to monitor its systems for potential breaches. Clients and
Registrant are nonetheless subject to the risk of cybersecurity incidents that could
ultimately cause them to incur financial losses and/or other adverse consequences.
Although the Registrant has established processes to reduce the risk of cybersecurity
incidents, there is no guarantee that these efforts will always be successful, especially
considering that the Registrant does not control the cybersecurity measures and policies
employed by third-party service providers, issuers of securities, broker-dealers, qualified
custodians, governmental and other regulatory authorities, exchanges, and other financial
market operators and providers. In compliance with Regulation S-P, the Registrant will
notify clients in the event of a data breach involving their non-public personal
information as required by applicable state and federal laws.
Disclosure Statement. A copy of the Registrant’s written Brochure and Client
Relationship Summary, as set forth on Part 2A of Form ADV and Form CRS
respectively, shall be provided to each client prior to, or contemporaneously with, the
execution of the Investment Advisory Agreement and/or Financial Planning and
Consulting Agreement.
to providing
investment advisory services, an
C. The Registrant shall provide investment advisory services specific to the needs of each
client. Prior
investment adviser
representative will ascertain each client’s investment objective(s). Thereafter, the
Registrant shall allocate and/or recommend that the client allocate investment assets
consistent with the designated investment objective(s). The client may, at any time,
impose reasonable restrictions, in writing, on the Registrant’s services.
9
D. The Registrant does not participate in a wrap fee program.
E. As of December 31, 2024, the Registrant had $1,183,117,490 in assets under
management on a discretionary basis and $0 in assets under management on a non-
discretionary basis.
Item 5
Fees and Compensation
A.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
The Registrant’s annual investment advisory fee for investment management services
shall be based upon a percentage (%) of the market value of assets placed under the
Registrant’s management to be charged quarterly in advance.
Assets Under Management
First $1,000,000
Next $1,000,000
Next $3,000,000
Next $5,000,000
Above $10,000,000
Annualized Fee
1.25%
1.00%
0.80%
0.60%
Negotiable
* Unless otherwise agreed, the Registrant’s fee for managing
assets allocated to fee-only annuities will be 1.00%
** As noted above,
the Registrant may provide
tax
preparation services to clients. Certain clients may
receive tax preparation services at no additional cost
while others may be subject to an additional fee.
The Registrant’s investment advisory fee is negotiable at its discretion, depending upon
objective and subjective factors including but not limited to: the amount of assets to be
managed; portfolio composition; the scope and complexity of the engagement; the
anticipated number of meetings and servicing needs; related accounts; future earning
capacity; anticipated future additional assets; the professional(s) rendering the service(s);
prior relationships with the Registrant and/or its representatives, and negotiations with the
client.
As a result of these factors, similarly situated clients could pay different fees, the services
to be provided by the Registrant to any particular client could be available from other
advisers at lower fees, and certain clients may have fees different than those specifically
set forth above.
FINANCIAL PLANNING AND CONSULTING SERVICES FEES
The Registrant also provides financial planning and/or consulting services (including
investment and non-investment related matters, including estate planning, insurance
planning, etc.) on a stand-alone basis. Registrant’s planning and consulting fees are
negotiable, but generally range from $2,000 to $4,500 on a fixed fee basis, and from $150
10
to $350 on an hourly rate basis, depending upon the level and scope of the service(s)
required and the professional(s) rendering the service(s).
B. Clients may elect to have the Registrant’s advisory fees deducted from their custodial
account. Both Registrant's Investment Advisory Agreement and the custodial/clearing
agreement may authorize the custodian to debit the account for the amount of the
Registrant's investment advisory fee and to directly remit that management fee to the
Registrant in compliance with regulatory procedures. In the limited event that the
Registrant bills the client directly, payment is due upon receipt of the Registrant’s
invoice.
C. As discussed below, unless the client directs otherwise or an individual client’s
circumstances require, the Registrant shall generally recommend that Charles Schwab &
Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) serve as the broker-dealer/custodian for client investment
management assets. Broker-dealers such as Schwab charge brokerage commissions,
transaction, and/or other type fees for effecting certain types of securities transactions
(i.e., including transaction fees for certain mutual funds, and mark-ups and mark-downs
charged for fixed income transactions, etc.). The types of securities for which transaction
fees, commissions, and/or other type fees (as well as the amount of those fees) shall differ
depending upon the broker-dealer/custodian. While certain custodians, including Schwab,
generally (with the potential exception for large orders) do not currently charge fees on
individual equity transactions (including ETFs), others do.
There can be no assurance that Schwab will not change their transaction fee pricing in the
future.
Schwab may also assess fees to clients who elect to receive trade confirmations and
account statements by regular mail rather than electronically.
Clients will incur, in addition to Registrant’s investment management fee, brokerage
commissions and/or transaction fees, and, relative to all mutual fund and exchange traded
fund purchases, charges imposed at the fund level (e.g., management fees and other fund
expenses).
D. The Registrant shall deduct fees and/or bill clients quarterly in advance. The Registrant
shall base its fee calculation upon the market value of the client’s assets on the last
business day of the previous quarter.
The Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and the client will continue
in effect until terminated by either party by written notice in accordance with the terms of
the Investment Advisory Agreement. Upon termination of agreement the Registrant shall
refund to the client a pro-rated portion of the prepaid advisory fee based upon the number
of days service was provided during the current billing period.
E. Neither the Registrant, nor its representatives accept compensation from the sale of
securities or other investment products.
11
Item 6
Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
Neither the Registrant nor any supervised person of the Registrant accepts performance-
based fees.
Item 7
Types of Clients
The Registrant’s clients shall generally include individuals, business entities, trusts,
estates, charitable organizations, and pension and profit-sharing plans. The Registrant
generally requires a minimum asset level as detailed in the Tiered Services Schedule
above.
The Registrant, in its sole discretion, may charge a lesser investment management fee or
waive or reduce its minimum asset requirement based upon certain criteria (i.e.,
anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated future additional assets, dollar amount of
assets to be managed, related accounts, account composition, negotiations with client,
etc.).
Item 8
Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
A. The Registrant may utilize the following methods of security analysis:
Fundamental - (analysis performed on historical and present data, with the goal
of making financial forecasts)
Technical – (analysis performed on historical and present data, focusing on price
and trade volume, to forecast the direction of prices)
The Registrant may utilize the following investment strategies when implementing
investment advice given to clients:
Long Term Purchases (securities held at least a year)
Short Term Purchases (securities sold within a year)
Investment Risk. Different types of investments involve varying degrees of risk, and it
should not be assumed that future performance of any specific investment or investment
strategy (including the investments and/or investment strategies recommended or
undertaken by the Registrant) will be profitable or equal any specific performance
level(s).
Investors generally face the following types of investment risks:
Interest-rate Risk: Fluctuations in interest rates may cause investment prices to
fluctuate. For example, when interest rates rise, yields on existing bonds become less
attractive, causing their market values to decline.
Market Risk: The price of a security, bond, or mutual fund may drop in reaction to
tangible and intangible events and conditions. This type of risk may be caused by
external factors independent of the fund’s specific investments as well as due to the
fund’s specific investments. Additionally, each security’s price will fluctuate based
on market movement and emotion, which may, or may not be due to the security’s
operations or changes in its true value. For example, political, economic and social
12
conditions may trigger market events which are temporarily negative, or temporarily
positive.
Inflation Risk: When any type of inflation is present, a dollar today will not buy as
much as a dollar next year, because purchasing power is eroding at the rate of
inflation.
Reinvestment Risk: This is the risk that future proceeds from investments may have
to be reinvested at a potentially lower rate of return (i.e., interest rate). This primarily
relates to fixed income securities.
Liquidity Risk: Liquidity is the ability to readily convert an investment into cash.
Generally, assets are more liquid if many traders are interested in a standardized
product. For example, Treasury Bills are highly liquid, while real estate properties
are not.
Financial Risk: Excessive borrowing to finance a business’ operations increases the
risk of profitability, because the company must meet the terms of its obligations in
good times and bad. During periods of financial stress, the inability to meet loan
obligations may result in bankruptcy and/or a declining market value.
Borrowing Against Assets/Risks. A client who has a need to borrow money could
determine to do so by using:
Margin-The account custodian or broker-dealer lends money to the client. The
custodian charges the client interest for the right to borrow money, and uses the
assets in the client’s brokerage account as collateral; and,
Pledged Assets Loan- In consideration for a lender (i.e., a bank, etc.) to make a loan
to the client, the client pledges investment assets held at the account custodian as
collateral.
These above-described collateralized loans are generally utilized because they typically
provide more favorable interest rates than standard commercial loans. These types of
collateralized loans can assist with a pending home purchase, permit the retirement of
more expensive debt, or enable borrowing in lieu of liquidating existing account positions
and incurring capital gains taxes. However, such loans are not without potential material
risk to the client’s investment assets. The lender (i.e., custodian, bank, etc.) will have
recourse against the client’s investment assets in the event of loan default or if the assets
fall below a certain level. For this reason, Registrant does not recommend such
borrowing unless it is for specific short-term purposes (i.e., a bridge loan to purchase a
new residence). Registrant does not recommend such borrowing for investment purposes
(i.e., to invest borrowed funds in the market). Regardless, if the client was to determine to
utilize margin or a pledged assets loan, the following economic benefits would inure to
Registrant:
by taking the loan rather than liquidating assets in the client’s account, Registrant
continues to earn a fee on such Account assets; and,
if the client invests any portion of the loan proceeds in an account to be managed by
Registrant, Registrant will receive an advisory fee on the invested amount; and,
if Registrant’s advisory fee is based upon the higher margined account value,
Registrant will earn a correspondingly higher advisory fee. This could provide
Registrant with a disincentive to encourage the client to discontinue the use of
margin.
13
The Client must accept the above risks and potential corresponding consequences
associated with the use of margin or a pledged assets loan
B. The Registrant’s methods of analysis and investment strategies do not present any
significant or unusual risks.
However, every method of analysis has its own inherent risks. To perform an accurate
market analysis the Registrant must have access to current/new market information. The
Registrant has no control over the dissemination rate of market information; therefore,
unbeknownst to the Registrant, certain analyses may be compiled with outdated market
information, severely limiting the value of the Registrant’s analysis. Furthermore, an
accurate market analysis can only produce a forecast of the direction of market values.
There can be no assurances that a forecasted change in market value will materialize into
actionable and/or profitable investment opportunities.
The Registrant’s primary investment strategies - Long Term Purchase and Short Term
Purchases - are fundamental investment strategies. However, every investment strategy
has its own inherent risks and limitations. For example, longer term investment strategies
require a longer investment time period to allow for the strategy to potentially develop.
Shorter term investment strategies require a shorter investment time period to potentially
develop but, as a result of more frequent trading, may incur higher transactional costs
when compared to a longer term investment strategy.
C. Currently, the Registrant primarily allocates client investment assets primarily among
various individual equity and fixed income securities, mutual funds and/or exchange
traded funds, on a discretionary and non-discretionary basis in accordance with the
client’s designated investment objective(s).
Item 9
Disciplinary Information
The Registrant has not been the subject of any disciplinary actions.
Item 10
Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
A. Neither the Registrant, nor its representatives, are registered or have an application
pending to register, as a broker-dealer or a registered representative of a broker-dealer.
B. Neither the Registrant, nor its representatives, are registered or have an application
pending to register, as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, a
commodity trading advisor, or a representative of the foregoing.
licensed
insurance agents. The Registrant and/or
C. Licensed Insurance Agency/Agents. The Registrant is separately licensed as an
insurance agency. Furthermore, certain of the Registrant’s representatives, in their
individual capacities, are
its
representatives may recommend the purchase of certain insurance-related products on a
commission basis. As referenced in Item 4.B above, clients can engage certain of
Registrant’s representatives to purchase insurance products on a commission basis.
14
Conflict of Interest. The recommendation by representatives of the Registrant that a
client purchase an insurance commission product presents a conflict of interest, as the
receipt of commissions may provide an incentive to recommend investment products
based on commissions to be received, rather than on a particular client’s need. No client
is under any obligation to purchase any commission products from representatives of the
Registrant or through the Registrant in its capacity as a licensed insurance agency. Clients
are reminded that they may purchase insurance products recommended by Registrant
through other, non-affiliated insurance agencies and/or agents. The Registrant’s Chief
Compliance Officer remains available to address any questions that a client or
prospective client may have regarding the above conflict of interest.
Estate Planning Strategic Relationships. The Registrant has strategic relationships
with Gutwein Law (“Gutwein”) and North Oaks Law (“North Oaks”), each an
unaffiliated law firm located in Indianapolis, Indiana and North Oaks, Minnesota,
respectively. The Registrant may recommend the services of either Gutwein or North
Oaks for estate planning services. Gutwein and/or North Oaks may compensate
Registrant for assisting with the compilation of certain information necessary to prepare
an estate plan. Because the Registrant may receive compensation from Gutwein or North
Oaks, the recommendation of their services presents a conflict of interest. Clients are
reminded they are not obligated to engage the services of either Gutwein or North Oaks
and may choose to engage the services of the law firm of their choice for these or similar
services.
Wealthvest. The Registrant receives marketing credits from Wealthvest, an insurance
wholesaler, in connection with business introductions. The Registrant is able to use these
marketing credits when hosting client events. Wealthvest provides the marketing credits
to Registrant in its sole discretion and at its own expense, and neither the Registrant nor
its clients pay any fees to Wealthvest for the marketing credits.
Conflict of Interest: The recommendation by representatives of the Registrant that a
client place an insurance purchase through Wealthvest presents a conflict of interest, as
the receipt of marketing credits provides an incentive to recommend Wealthbest, rather
than on a particular client’s need. No client is under any obligation to use Wealthvest.
Clients are reminded that they may purchase insurance products recommended by
Registrant through other wholesalers. The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer remains
available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding
the above conflict of interest.
D. The Registrant does not receive, directly or indirectly, compensation from investment
advisors that it recommends or selects for its clients.
Item 11
Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading
A. The Registrant maintains an investment policy relative to personal securities transactions.
This investment policy is part of Registrant’s overall Code of Ethics, which serves to
establish a standard of business conduct for all of Registrant’s representatives that is
based upon fundamental principles of openness, integrity, honesty and trust, a copy of
which is available upon request.
15
In accordance with Section 204A of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Registrant
also maintains and enforces written policies reasonably designed to prevent the misuse of
material non-public information by the Registrant or any person associated with the
Registrant.
B. Neither the Registrant nor any related person of Registrant recommends, buys, or sells for
client accounts, securities in which the Registrant or any related person of Registrant has
a material financial interest.
C. The Registrant and/or representatives of the Registrant may buy or sell securities that are
also recommended to clients. This practice may create a situation where the Registrant
and/or representatives of the Registrant are in a position to materially benefit from the
sale or purchase of those securities. Therefore, this situation creates a conflict of interest.
Practices such as “scalping” (i.e., a practice whereby the owner of shares of a security
recommends that security for investment and then immediately sells it at a profit upon the
rise in the market price which follows the recommendation) could take place if the
Registrant did not have adequate policies in place to detect such activities. In addition,
this requirement can help detect insider trading, “front-running” (i.e., personal trades
executed prior to those of the Registrant’s clients) and other potentially abusive practices.
The Registrant has a personal securities transaction policy in place to monitor the
personal securities transactions and securities holdings of each of the Registrant’s
“Access Persons”. The Registrant’s securities transaction policy requires that an Access
Person of the Registrant must provide the Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee
with a written report of their current securities holdings within ten (10) days after
becoming an Access Person. Additionally, each Access Person must provide or make
available to the Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee a list of reportable
transactions each calendar quarter as well as a written annual report of the Access
Person’s securities holdings; provided, however that at any time that the Registrant has
only one Access Person, he or she shall not be required to submit any securities report
described above.
D. The Registrant and/or representatives of the Registrant may buy or sell securities, at or
around the same time as those securities are recommended to clients. This practice
creates a situation where the Registrant and/or representatives of the Registrant are in a
position to materially benefit from the sale or purchase of those securities. Therefore, this
situation creates a conflict of interest. As indicated above in Item 11.C, the Registrant has
a personal securities transaction policy in place to monitor the personal securities
transaction and securities holdings of each of Registrant’s Access Persons.
Item 12
Brokerage Practices
A. In the event that the client requests that the Registrant recommend a broker-
dealer/custodian for execution and/or custodial services (exclusive of those clients that
may direct the Registrant to use a specific broker-dealer/custodian), Registrant generally
recommends that investment management accounts be maintained at Schwab. Prior to
engaging Registrant to provide investment management services, the client will be
required to enter into a formal Investment Advisory Agreement with Registrant setting
forth the terms and conditions under which Registrant shall manage the client's assets,
16
separate custodial/clearing agreement with each designated broker-
and a
dealer/custodian.
Factors that the Registrant considers in recommending Schwab (or another broker-
dealer/custodian, investment platform and/or mutual fund sponsor) include historical
relationship with the Registrant, financial strength, reputation, execution capabilities,
pricing, research, and service. Although the commissions and/or transaction fees paid by
Registrant's clients shall comply with the Registrant's duty to seek best execution, a client
may pay a commission that is higher than another qualified broker-dealer might charge to
effect the same transaction where the Registrant determines, in good faith, that the
commission/transaction fee is reasonable. In seeking best execution, the determinative
factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the transaction represents the best
qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of broker-dealer services,
including the value of research provided, execution capability, commission rates, and
responsiveness. Accordingly, although Registrant will seek competitive rates, it may not
necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for client account transactions.
The brokerage commissions or transaction fees charged by the designated broker-
dealer/custodian are exclusive of, and in addition to, Registrant's investment management
fee. The Registrant’s best execution responsibility is qualified if securities that it
purchases for client accounts are mutual funds that trade at net asset value as determined
at the daily market close.
1. Research and Additional Benefits
Although not a material consideration when determining whether to recommend
that a client utilize the services of a particular broker-dealer/custodian, Registrant
receives from Schwab, without cost (and/or at a discount) support services and/or
products, certain of which assist the Registrant to better monitor and service
client accounts maintained at such institutions. Included within the support
services that may be obtained by the Registrant may be investment-related
research, pricing information and market data, software and other technology that
provide access to client account data, compliance and/or practice management-
related publications, discounted or gratis consulting services, discounted and/or
gratis attendance at conferences, meetings, and other educational and/or social
events, marketing support, computer hardware and/or software and/or other
products used by Registrant in furtherance of its investment advisory business
operations.
As indicated above, certain of the support services and/or products received may
assist the Registrant in managing and administering client accounts. Others do
not directly provide such assistance, but rather assist the Registrant to manage
and further develop its business enterprise.
There is no corresponding commitment made by the Registrant to Schwab or any
other entity to invest any specific amount or percentage of client assets in any
specific mutual funds, securities or other investment products as a result of the
above arrangement.
2. The Registrant does not receive referrals from broker-dealers.
3. The Registrant does not generally accept directed brokerage arrangements (when
a client requires that account transactions be affected through a specific broker-
17
dealer). In such client directed arrangements, the client will negotiate terms and
arrangements for their account with that broker-dealer, and Registrant will not
seek better execution services or prices from other broker-dealers or be able to
"batch" the client's transactions for execution through other broker-dealers with
orders for other accounts managed by Registrant. As a result, client may pay
higher commissions or other transaction costs or greater spreads, or receive less
favorable net prices, on transactions for the account than would otherwise be the
case.
In the event that the client directs Registrant to effect securities transactions for
the client's accounts through a specific broker-dealer, the client correspondingly
acknowledges that such direction may cause the accounts to incur higher
commissions or transaction costs than the accounts would otherwise incur had
the client determined to effect account transactions through alternative clearing
arrangements that may be available through Registrant. Higher transaction costs
adversely impact account performance.
Transactions for directed accounts will generally be executed following the
execution of portfolio transactions for non-directed accounts.
The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer remains available to address any
questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the above
arrangement.
B. To the extent that the Registrant provides investment management services to its clients,
the transactions for each client account generally will be effected independently, unless
the Registrant decides to purchase or sell the same securities for several clients at
approximately the same time. The Registrant may (but is not obligated to) combine or
“bunch” such orders to seek best execution, to negotiate more favorable commission
rates or to allocate equitably among the Registrant’s clients differences in prices and
commissions or other transaction costs that might have been obtained had such orders
been placed independently. Under this procedure, transactions will be averaged as to
price and will be allocated among clients in proportion to the purchase and sale orders
placed for each client account on any given day. The Registrant shall not receive any
additional compensation or remuneration as a result of such aggregation.
Item 13
Review of Accounts
A. For those clients to whom Registrant provides investment supervisory services, account
reviews are conducted on an ongoing basis by the Registrant's Principals and
representatives. All investment supervisory clients are advised that it remains their
responsibility to advise the Registrant of any changes in their investment objectives
and/or financial situation. All clients (in person or via telephone) are encouraged to
review financial planning issues (to the extent applicable), investment objectives and
account performance with the Registrant on an annual basis.
B. The Registrant may conduct account reviews on an other than periodic basis upon the
occurrence of a triggering event, such as a change in client investment objectives and/or
financial situation, market corrections and client request.
18
C. Clients are provided, at least quarterly, with written transaction confirmation notices and
regular written summary account statements directly from the broker-dealer/custodian
and/or program sponsor for the client accounts. The Registrant may also provide a
written periodic report summarizing account activity and performance.
Item 14
Client Referrals and Other Compensation
A. As referenced in Item 12.A.1 above, the Registrant receives an indirect economic benefit
from Schwab. The Registrant, without cost (and/or at a discount), receive support
services and/or products from Schwab.
There is no corresponding commitment made by the Registrant to Schwab or any other
entity to invest any specific amount or percentage of client assets in any specific mutual
funds, securities or other investment products as a result of the above arrangement.
The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer remains available to address any questions
that a client or prospective client may have regarding the above arrangement and any
corresponding conflict of interest.
B. The Registrant engages promoters to introduce new prospective clients to the Registrant
consistent with the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and applicable state regulatory
requirements. If the prospect subsequently engages the Registrant, the promoter shall
generally be compensated by the Registrant for the introduction. Because the promoter
has an economic incentive to introduce the prospect to the Registrant, a conflict of
interest is presented. The promoter’s introduction shall not result in the prospect’s
payment of a higher investment advisory fee to the Registrant (i.e., if the prospect was to
engage the Registrant independent of the promoter’s introduction).
Item 15
Custody
The Registrant shall have the ability to have its advisory fee for each client debited by the
custodian on a quarterly basis. Clients are provided, at least quarterly, with written
transaction confirmation notices and regular written summary account statements directly
from the broker-dealer/custodian and/or program sponsor for the client accounts. The
Registrant may also provide a written periodic report summarizing account activity and
performance.
To the extent that the Registrant provides clients with periodic account statements or
reports, the client is urged to compare any statement or report provided by the Registrant
with the account statements received from the account custodian.
The account custodian does not verify the accuracy of the Registrant’s advisory fee
calculation.
Custody Situations: The Registrant engages in other practices and/or services on behalf
of its clients that require disclosure at ADV Part 1, Item 9, but which practices and/or
services are not subject to an annual surprise CPA examination in accordance with the
guidance provided in the SEC’s February 21, 2017 Investment Adviser Association No-
Action Letter.
19
Item 16
Investment Discretion
The client can determine to engage the Registrant to provide investment advisory services
on a discretionary basis. Prior to the Registrant assuming discretionary authority over a
client’s account, the client shall be required to execute an Investment Advisory
Agreement, naming the Registrant as the client’s attorney and agent in fact, granting the
Registrant full authority to buy, sell, or otherwise effect investment transactions
involving the assets in the client’s name found in the discretionary account.
Clients who engage the Registrant on a discretionary basis may, at any time, impose
restrictions, in writing, on the Registrant’s discretionary authority (i.e., limit the
types/amounts of particular securities purchased for their account, exclude the ability to
purchase securities with an inverse relationship to the market, limit or proscribe the
Registrant’s use of margin, etc.).
Item 17
Voting Client Securities
A. The Registrant does not vote client proxies. Clients maintain exclusive responsibility for:
(1) directing the manner in which proxies solicited by issuers of securities beneficially
owned by the client shall be voted, and (2) making all elections relative to any mergers,
acquisitions, tender offers, bankruptcy proceedings or other type events pertaining to the
client’s investment assets.
B. Clients will receive their proxies or other solicitations directly from their custodian.
Clients may contact the Registrant to discus any questions they may have with a
particular solicitation.
Item 18
Financial Information
A. The Registrant does not solicit fees of more than $1,200, per client, six months or more in
advance.
B. The Registrant is unaware of any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair its
ability to meet its contractual commitments relating to its discretionary authority over
certain client accounts.
C. The Registrant has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition.
The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer remains available to address any questions
that a client or prospective client may have regarding the above disclosures and
arrangements.
20