Overview
- Headquarters
- Bridgewater, NJ
- Average Client Assets
- $0.9 million
- Minimum Account Size
- $1,000,000
- SEC CRD Number
- 104543
Fee Structure
Primary Fee Schedule (HARDING LOEVNER FORM ADV PART 2A BROCHURE 2026)
| Min | Max | Marginal Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $0 | $20,000,000 | 1.00% |
| $20,000,001 | $100,000,000 | 0.50% |
| $100,000,001 | $250,000,000 | 0.45% |
| $250,000,001 | $500,000,000 | 0.40% |
| $500,000,001 | and above | Negotiable |
Illustrative Fee Rates
| Total Assets | Annual Fees | Average Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $1 million | $10,000 | 1.00% |
| $5 million | $50,000 | 1.00% |
| $10 million | $100,000 | 1.00% |
| $50 million | $350,000 | 0.70% |
| $100 million | $600,000 | 0.60% |
Clients
- HNW Share of Firm Assets
- 9.10%
- Total Client Accounts
- 3,876
- Discretionary Accounts
- 3,875
- Non-Discretionary Accounts
- 1
Services Offered
Services: Portfolio Management for Individuals, Portfolio Management for Companies, Portfolio Management for Pooled Investment Vehicles, Portfolio Management for Institutional Clients
Regulatory Filings
Primary Brochure: HARDING LOEVNER FORM ADV PART 2A BROCHURE 2026 (2026-03-27)
View Document Text
Harding Loevner LP
Cover Page
Harding Loevner LP
400 Crossing Boulevard
Fourth Floor
Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
(908) 218-7900
www.hardingloevner.com
March 27, 2026
This Brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Harding Loevner
LP (“we”, “us”, “our”, “Harding Loevner”). If you have any questions about the contents of this
Brochure, please call us at (908) 218-7900 or send an email to info@hlmnet.com.
The information in this Brochure has not been approved or verified by the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”) or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about Harding Loevner is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Harding Loevner is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, but such
registration does not imply that our people or we have a certain level of skill or training.
March 27, 2026
Form ADV Part 2A Brochure
Page 1 of 36
Harding Loevner LP
Material Changes
There are no material changes from our preceding Brochure dated March 28, 2025.
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Harding Loevner LP
Table of Contents
1. Cover Page ........................................................................................................................................................... 1
2. Material Changes ................................................................................................................................................ 2
3. Table of Contents................................................................................................................................................. 3
4. Our Advisory Business ........................................................................................................................................ 5
An Overview of Harding Loevner ........................................................................................................................ 5
About our Investment Philosophy and Strategies ................................................................................................. 5
About our Investment Advisory Services .............................................................................................................. 6
5. Fees and Compensation ...................................................................................................................................... 6
Separately managed Accounts—advisory ............................................................................................................. 6
Separately managed Wrap Program and similar accounts .................................................................................... 9
Model Programs .................................................................................................................................................... 9
Mutual Funds (including HLF and sub-advised mutual funds) ........................................................................... 10
UCITS (Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities) ..................................................... 10
Collective Investment Trust Funds ...................................................................................................................... 10
Additional Fees and Expenses Payable by Clients .............................................................................................. 10
6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management ............................................................................. 11
7. Types of Clients ................................................................................................................................................. 11
Conditions for Managing Accounts .................................................................................................................... 11
8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss ..................................................................... 12
Investment Strategies .......................................................................................................................................... 12
Investment Philosophy and Overview of Investment Process............................................................................. 12
Methods of Analysis Employed in Company Research and Portfolio Construction ........................................... 13
ESG Integration .................................................................................................................................................. 15
Risks of Loss ....................................................................................................................................................... 16
9. Disciplinary Information .................................................................................................................................. 20
10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ...................................................................................... 20
Other Financial Industry Activities ..................................................................................................................... 20
Affiliations .......................................................................................................................................................... 20
11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions, and Personal Trading ............................ 21
Code of Ethics and Personal Trading .................................................................................................................. 21
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions ................................................................................................... 22
Insider Trading and Material, Nonpublic Information ........................................................................................ 22
12. Brokerage Practices .......................................................................................................................................... 22
Best Execution .................................................................................................................................................... 22
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Harding Loevner LP
Brokerage Relationships ..................................................................................................................................... 23
Foreign Exchange Transactions .......................................................................................................................... 23
Soft Dollar Policy................................................................................................................................................ 24
Allocation of Brokerage Commissions ............................................................................................................... 25
Policies and Procedures to Monitor Brokerage Transactions .............................................................................. 25
Directed Accounts ............................................................................................................................................... 25
Trade Aggregation and Allocation ...................................................................................................................... 27
ADR Accounts .................................................................................................................................................... 27
China A shares ..................................................................................................................................................... 30
Trade Errors ........................................................................................................................................................ 30
13. Review of Accounts ........................................................................................................................................... 31
Reporting............................................................................................................................................................. 31
14. Client Referrals and other Compensation ...................................................................................................... 32
15. Custody .............................................................................................................................................................. 32
16. Investment Discretion ....................................................................................................................................... 33
Class Action Suits and Other Legal Actions ....................................................................................................... 34
17. Voting Client Securities .................................................................................................................................... 34
Conflicts of Interest ............................................................................................................................................. 34
Other Proxy Issues .............................................................................................................................................. 35
18. Financial Information ....................................................................................................................................... 35
19. Services and Compensation Disclosure (ERISA) ........................................................................................... 36
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Harding Loevner LP
Our Advisory Business
An Overview of Harding Loevner
Harding Loevner is an investment manager that invests primarily in publicly-traded global equities. We
were founded in 1989 by former managers for the Rockefeller family. We had 104 employees on
December 31, 2025, and our main office is located in Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA, about 50 miles
from New York City. (Throughout this Brochure and its Supplement, we use the word employee to
include a partner who is a natural person and actively engaged in our business.)
Harding Loevner is a Delaware limited partnership. We operate independently of Affiliated Managers
Group, Inc. (“AMG”), a publicly-traded company (NYSE: AMG), which owns Harding Loevner’s
general partner and an approximate 82% interest. Our key employees own the remaining interests either
directly or through related entities. Further information on AMG is provided in “Other Financial Industry
Activities and Affiliations” [page 20].
At December 31, 2025, we managed assets of $40.871 billion, of which approximately $32.26 billion was
on a discretionary basis and approximately $8.611 billion was on a non-discretionary basis. The non-
discretionary assets consist substantially of assets in model programs as more fully described in “About
our Investment Advisory Services” [page 6]. Assets within most non-discretionary model programs are
excluded from the definition of “regulatory assets under management” reported in Part 1 of Harding
Loevner’s Form ADV (which is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.)
About our Investment Philosophy and Strategies
Our investment philosophy emphasizes the merits of long-term investment in high-quality, growing
businesses, and our investment approach relies on in-depth fundamental research including analysis of the
competitive structure of global industries and the competitive position of individual companies.
We offer the following investment strategies:
Global Equity (ordinary shares)
Global Equity (ADRs)
Global Developed Markets Equity
Global Carbon Transition Equity
International Equity (ordinary shares)
International Equity (ADRs)
International Developed Markets Equity (ordinary shares)
International Developed Markets Equity (ADRs)
International Carbon Transition Equity
Global Small Companies Equity
International Small Companies Equity
Emerging Markets Equity
Frontier Emerging Markets Equity
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Harding Loevner LP
About our Investment Advisory Services
We make these investment strategies available for a fee through institutional separately managed
accounts, mutual funds and other pooled funds, and wealth management programs sponsored by other
financial institutions. We provide advice to a variety of types of clients (“you”, “client”), within and
outside the United States, including retirement plans, foundations and endowments, sovereign wealth
funds, religious institutions, individuals, trusts, broker-dealers, banks, investment advisers, insurance
companies, mutual funds (as adviser to Harding, Loevner Funds, Inc. (“HLF”) and as sub-adviser to non-
HLF funds), collective investment trust funds, and offshore funds.
We also provide advice within multi-manager wealth management programs (typically referred to as
“Wrap Programs”) offered by broker-dealers, banks, and investment advisers (the “sponsors”), either
directly to the sponsor or the participants in the program, depending on the particular program. Typically,
the Wrap Program sponsor, and not Harding Loevner, is responsible to determine suitability of the
applicable investment strategy for Wrap Program participants. Harding Loevner also participates in model
programs (“Model Programs”), sometimes referred to as UMA Programs, where we furnish non-
discretionary investment advice and recommendations by delivering a model securities portfolio to, or as
directed by, the Model Program sponsor. The Model Program sponsor, and not Harding Loevner, is
responsible for implementing any client-specific investment restrictions and determining the suitability of
our investment strategy for the client. The Model Program sponsor exercises investment discretion and
typically executes the securities transactions for the underlying clients.
We can accommodate reasonable requests for customization of separately managed accounts (including
separately managed wealth management program accounts) with respect to investment guidelines such as
restrictions on specific securities, choice of benchmark, environmental or social restrictions, and tax
considerations.
Fees and Compensation
We calculate our fees on the market value of managed assets, subject in certain cases to a minimum fee; if
a minimum fee is applied, a client’s fee rate would be higher than the annual rate shown in the fee
schedules show below. Our current standard fee schedules for discretionary investment advice for
separately managed accounts are generally as shown below. Actual fees may vary.
Separately managed Accounts—advisory
Global Equity (ordinary shares):
Market value of assets
First $20 million
Next $80 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Above $500 million
Annual rate
1.00%
0.50%
0.45%
0.40%
On request
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Harding Loevner LP
Global Equity (ADRs):
Market value of assets
First $20 million
Above $20 million
Annual rate*
0.80%
0.40%
* Subject to a minimum quarterly fee of $1,200, pro-rated for periods less than one full quarter.
Global Developed Markets Equity:
Market value of assets
First $20 million
Next $80 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Above $500 million
Annual rate
1.00%
0.50%
0.45%
0.40%
On request
Global Carbon Transition Equity:
Market value of assets
First $20 million
Next $80 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Above $500 million
Annual rate
1.00%
0.50%
0.45%
0.40%
On request
International Equity (ordinary shares):
Market value of assets
First $20 million
Next $80 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Above $500 million
Annual rate
1.00%
0.50%
0.45%
0.40%
On request
International Equity (ADRs):
Market value of assets
First $20 million
Above $20 million
Annual rate*
0.80%
0.40%
* Subject to a minimum quarterly fee of $1,200, pro-rated for periods less than one full quarter.
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Harding Loevner LP
International Developed Markets Equity (ordinary shares):
Market value of assets
First $20 million
Next $80 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Above $500 million
Annual rate
1.00%
0.50%
0.45%
0.40%
On request
International Developed Markets Equity (ADRs):
Market value of assets
First $20 million
Above $20 million
Annual rate*
0.80%
0.40%
* Subject to a minimum quarterly fee of $1,200, pro-rated for periods less than one full quarter.
International Carbon Transition Equity:
Market value of assets
First $20 million
Next $80 million
Next $150 million
Next $250 million
Above $500 million
Annual rate
1.00%
0.50%
0.45%
0.40%
On request
Global Small Companies Equity:
Market value of assets
First $20 million
Next $80 million
Above $100 million
Annual rate
1.00%
0.80%
0.70%
International Small Companies Equity:
Market value of assets
First $20 million
Next $80 million
Above $100 million
Annual rate
1.00%
0.80%
0.70%
Emerging Markets Equity:
Market value of assets
First $20 million
Next $80 million
Next $100 million
Above $200 million
Annual rate
1.05%
0.75%
0.70%
0.55%
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Harding Loevner LP
Frontier Emerging Markets Equity:
Market value of assets
First $20 million
Above $20 million
Annual rate
1.50%
1.15%
Our standard fee schedules for separately managed accounts are generally not negotiable, although we
will take a number of factors into account when establishing fee arrangements, including, among other
things, the overall size of the account or related accounts, available capacity in the relevant strategy, the
strategic nature of the relationship and other factors. Fees for other types of accounts, such as Wrap
Programs, Model Programs, or non-HLF funds, differ from our standard fee schedule. We may change
our fee schedules; a change in a fee schedule will not change the agreed upon fee in an IMA (defined
below).
In calculating our fee, we generally adjust for significant contributions to and significant withdrawals
from your account during the billing period. We use our records, including market prices obtained daily
from a recognized independent source, to calculate our fee unless you instruct us to use your custodian’s
records for this purpose.
The terms of our Investment Management Agreements (“IMAs”) with clients with respect to fees vary.
Under our standard form of IMA, we bill our fee quarterly in advance, and it is payable when billed. The
standard IMA continues in effect until terminated by you or Harding Loevner on at least thirty (30) days’
written notice.
If you prepaid our fee and your IMA terminates, we will refund the portion of the fee allocable to the
period following the effective termination date. Otherwise, we will bill you for any unpaid period
preceding the effective termination date.
You may authorize your custodian to pay our fee upon receipt of our bill provided you also receive a copy
of the bill. Alternatively, your custodian may require you to set up instructions to authorize payment of
our fee from your account.
Separately managed Wrap Program and similar accounts
Wrap Program sponsors typically charge an all-inclusive fee based on the value of their clients’ Wrap
Program accounts. Wrap Program sponsors pay us for investment advice at negotiated rates on the assets
we sub-advise. If you are considering a Wrap Program to which Harding Loevner provides investment
advice, you should review the sponsor’s disclosures regarding fees it charges to participating accounts and
the business arrangement between the sponsor and Harding Loevner, found in the sponsor’s Form ADV
Part 2A Appendix 1, fee brochure, or program client investment management agreement.
Model Programs
Model Program sponsors typically charge an all-inclusive fee based on the value of their clients’ UMA
accounts. Model Program sponsors pay us for our non-discretionary investment advice at negotiated rates
on the assets in their client accounts for which a Harding Loevner strategy is used to manage.
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Harding Loevner LP
Mutual Funds (including HLF and sub-advised mutual funds)
We serve as the investment adviser to HLF and as sub-adviser to certain non-HLF mutual funds. For
information concerning the advisory fees we charge these mutual funds, refer to their prospectuses and
statements of additional information, which you can find at www.hardingloevnerfunds.com or the mutual
fund sponsors’ websites.
In certain instances, we may invest in pooled funds (including open-end mutual funds or exchange-traded
funds) for your separately managed account in order to, for example, replicate exposure to markets not yet
open for your account, or to harvest tax losses or gains at your instruction. In such instances, you will be
paying, in effect, both our investment advisory fee and the funds’ management fees and other expenses on
assets so invested. You should review the applicable prospectuses to understand those funds’ fees and
expenses.
If we invest any portion of your separately managed account in funds for which we act as an investment
adviser, we exclude assets so invested in calculating our advisory fee on your account, so that you pay us
only one advisory fee on those assets.
UCITS (Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities)
We serve as the investment adviser to an umbrella-type open-ended investment company, Harding
Loevner Funds plc (“HLF plc”), authorized in Ireland under the European Communities (UCITS)
Regulations. We do not offer shares of HLF plc to US persons. Refer to the prospectus and supplements
(www.hardingloevnerfundsplc.com) for information concerning advisory fees and investor eligibility.
Collective Investment Trust Funds
We serve as the investment adviser to the Harding Loevner Collective Investment Trust for Retirement
Plans (the “CIT”), and may serve as an adviser to other collective investment trusts. The CIT is available
only to certain retirement plans, as permitted under the U.S. Treasury Department’s guidance for such a
group trust. An independent trustee, Global Trust Company, manages the CIT. Although the trustee is
responsible for CIT-related disclosures, the trustee has advised us that each participating retirement plan’s
independent plan fiduciary receives the CIT’s Offering Memorandum and executes a Participation
Agreement (including a Fee Schedule) with the trustee.
Additional Fees and Expenses Payable by Clients
As described in our standard IMA, your account incurs costs arising from transactions we undertake in
your account. Our investment advisory fee is exclusive of brokerage commissions, transaction fees,
service provider fees, custodial fees, foreign exchange fees, stamp duties, and similar costs and expenses.
Transactions in American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) incur additional costs when we trade in foreign
markets and convert local shares to ADRs. These costs may include, but may not be limited to, foreign
brokerage fees, foreign exchange fees, ADR conversion fees, borrowing costs, or stamp taxes associated
with this conversion process. In addition, ADRs could be subject to dividend withholding taxes in its
country of origin, which reduce the dividend paid to your account. Either you or your custodian is
responsible for filing the appropriate forms in the foreign country to reclaim any dividend withholding.
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Harding Loevner LP
See “Brokerage Practices” [page 22] for additional information about brokerage commissions including
the factors we consider when selecting broker-dealers for executing transactions for a client’s account.
Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
Performance-based fees are fees based on a share of capital gains on or capital appreciation of a client’s
assets in absolute terms or relative to the performance of a benchmark. We do not charge performance-
based fees unless otherwise specifically provided in a written agreement between you and Harding
Loevner and as permitted by law.
We maintain a model portfolio for each of our investment strategies and manage all clients’ separately
managed accounts according to their respective strategy’s model portfolio. Managing clients’ separately
managed accounts according to model portfolios addresses conflicts of interests that arise when we
manage accounts with the same strategy for different types of clients. We do not permit clients’
separately managed accounts to deviate materially from their respective strategy’s model portfolio except
as necessary to accommodate clients’ investment guidelines, where applicable. We compensate portfolio
managers in part based on their results in managing the model portfolios, and not on the results of the
associated client accounts.
Types of Clients
As described in “Our Advisory Business” [page 5], we provide investment management services to a
variety of types of clients, including retirement plans, foundations and endowments, sovereign wealth
funds, religious institutions, individuals, trusts, broker-dealers, banks, investment advisers, insurance
companies, mutual funds, collective investment trust funds, and offshore funds.
Conditions for Managing Accounts
Minimum initial investment amounts to establish a separately managed account (see “Fees and
Compensation” [page 6]) depend on the investment strategy selected. Minimums may be waived at our
discretion; if we waive an account minimum, we may not be able to fully-implement the investment
strategy as intended. Standard minimums are:
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Harding Loevner LP
$10 million
$1 million
$10 million
$10 million
$10 million
$1 million
$10 million
$1 million
Global Equity (ordinary shares)
Global Equity (ADRs)*
Global Developed Markets Equity
Global Carbon Transition Equity
International Equity (ordinary shares)
International Equity (ADRs)*
International Developed Markets Equity
(ordinary shares)
International Developed Markets Equity
(ADRs)*
International Carbon Transition Equity
International Small Companies Equity
Global Small Companies Equity
Emerging Markets Equity
Frontier Emerging Markets Equity
$10 million
$10 million
$10 million
$50 million
$50 million
* Consider that the minimum fee for our ADR strategies might result in a higher fee rate than set forth in the
fee schedule above if your account value is less than $600,000.
Wrap Program and Model Program sponsors set the minimum initial investment amounts to establish
accounts within their programs. You should request information about these minimum initial investment
amounts from the sponsor.
Minimum initial investment amounts for HLF Portfolios are set out in their prospectuses. Minimum
initial investment amounts for the sub-funds of HLF plc are set out in the sub-funds’ respective prospectus
supplements. For more information about the Harding Loevner Collective Investment Trust for
Retirement Plans and its funds, please contact us to request the Trust’s Offering Memorandum.
Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
Investment Strategies
See “About our Investment Philosophy and Strategies” [page 5] for a list and description of our
investment strategies.
Investment Philosophy and Overview of Investment Process
Harding Loevner seeks superior risk-adjusted returns by constructing portfolios of high-quality, growing
companies that exhibit our four key investment criteria: competitive advantage, quality management,
financial strength, and sustainable growth. We believe insights gained through a well-structured study of
individual companies are more valuable and reliable in the long term than forecasts of aggregate stock
market directions.
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Harding Loevner LP
We undertake in-depth fundamental research to identify companies that meet our four quality-growth
investment criteria before making judgments about share prices. Up-front business analysis enables us to
recognize when transient market misperceptions create investment opportunities.
We have a single research team organized primarily by global sector; our analysts study companies
worldwide that operate within their industry specialties. In addition, we have regional analysts who
specialize in researching companies in China and other emerging markets, frontier markets, and Japan.
Having a unified team of diverse specialists encourages the development of deep expertise in the global
competitive dynamics of industries and facilitates collaboration and productive debate in developing
investment ideas.
Portfolio managers choose among analyst-rated companies—considering both analyst recommendations
and impact on portfolio risk—to construct a model portfolio for each strategy. Portfolio guidelines
applied to geography, sector, and holding weights ensure diversification. Portfolio managers may sell a
stock when it is “crowded out” by a more attractive investment opportunity, it appears overvalued, or the
company’s business fundamentals have deteriorated. We manage all client accounts and pooled funds
strictly according to our model portfolios, with adjustments made only for client-specific investment
restrictions.
Methods of Analysis Employed in Company Research and Portfolio Construction
Harding Loevner conducts fundamental company research and global industry analysis to identify and
value companies that exhibit four quality growth criteria: competitive advantage, quality management,
financial strength, and sustainable growth.
Our team of analysts—who form a unified research platform that covers every global sector, all world
regions, and the full range of company capitalizations—provides equity research to all of our strategies.
Our investment methodology is based on two principles:
1) Insights gained through the careful study of individual companies (i.e., “bottom-up analysis”) are
more valuable than market forecasts (i.e., “top-down analysis”); and
2) An understanding of the global competitive structure of industries is crucial for identifying the
best companies worldwide.
There are four main parts to our investment process—Initial Qualification, In-Depth Research, Valuation
and Rating, and Portfolio Construction.
Initial Qualification
Analysts draw upon their research experience and evaluate fundamental data to identify high-quality,
growing companies that appear to meet Harding Loevner’s quality-growth criteria. Share price is not a
consideration when beginning research on a company; the goal of the initial qualification process is to
identify companies that may meet the firm’s key fundamental criteria. While price is an important
consideration before we invest in a stock, we evaluate price at the end of our research process, not at the
beginning.
The sources analysts use to uncover new investment ideas include their investigations into the
competitors, suppliers, and customers of existing companies under research. Analysts augment their
qualitative research with quantitative analysis of a number of metrics, including:
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Harding Loevner LP
• Quality: returns on assets, invested capital and equity, the variability of those returns over time,
profit margins, cash flow generation capabilities, and leverage relative to book equity and to
market capitalization.
• Growth: historical and anticipated growth in earnings, revenues, cash flows, and assets.
In addition, to qualify for in-depth research, a company’s shares must have sufficient liquidity to allow the
purchase of a meaningful position without causing undue impact on the stock price.
For each new investment idea, analysts distribute a structured, brief written rationale to their colleagues
for critical feedback.
In-Depth Research
Analysts conduct in-depth research of qualified companies to gain a comprehensive understanding of
their business models, growth potential, and management quality.
Research activities occur in the office and around the world and include analyzing annual reports and
other company disclosures; reviewing specialized industry journals; attending industry and investment
conferences; conducting interviews with company management (both of the target and other industry
participants); and making on-site visits to company facilities.
A distinctive feature of Harding Loevner’s investment process is our proprietary “Quality Assessment
(QA) Framework,” which includes ten quality and growth factors that analysts must assess when
researching each company. Also embedded in the Framework is our ESG Scorecard, which requires
analysts to evaluate the potential impact of environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) issues on a
business and the likelihood of profitable growth. Together the QA Framework and ESG Scorecard
promote consistency in the research process and facilitate collaboration among the entire research team in
identifying companies that we expect to grow profitably and sustainably.
See “ESG Integration” [page 15] for a more detailed discussion of Harding Loevner’s approach to
assessing sustainability-related risks and opportunities.
Valuation & Rating
Once a company is confirmed to meet Harding Loevner’s quality growth criteria, the responsible analyst
conducts an in-depth valuation analysis to estimate the fair value of the company’s shares. This analysis
includes creating a comprehensive financial model that incorporates the analyst’s forecasts of sales
growth, margin expansion, capital expenditures, working capital needs, and cash reinvestment. The
firm’s typical forecast period is five to ten years.
Based on their forecasts, analysts estimate the company’s fair value using a multi-stage cash flow return
on investment model. As a check on their estimates, analysts may also consult other valuation methods,
including discounted cash flow analysis and ratio analysis. Analysts also establish fundamental mileposts
for future business results that they monitor to track the validity of the fair value estimate.
Analysts compile the results of their research into a comprehensive report that includes a summary of
their research using the QA Framework, valuation analysis, and the investment mileposts. After
distributing the reports to colleagues and addressing any feedback, analysts rate the company’s shares
(best buy, buy, hold, or sell) based upon the shares’ potential return relative to an appropriate benchmark.
Analysts have final responsibility for their rating decisions and will continually monitor their
recommendations and revise them as necessary.
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Harding Loevner LP
Portfolio Construction
Only companies that our analysts have researched and rated are eligible for Harding Loevner’s strategies.
When choosing investments for model portfolios, portfolio managers consider analysts’
recommendations, the long-term return potential, the impact on measures of portfolio risk, and
compliance with the strategy’s risk-control guidelines. Portfolio managers replace or reduce a holding if
the company no longer meets Harding Loevner’s quality-growth investment criteria; other more attractive
opportunities are identified; or the holding is nearing or exceeding the strategy’s portfolio guidelines for
position size.
Harding Loevner’s two Climate-Related strategies also only hold analyst-rated companies that we believe
have a viable pathway toward net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, consistent with the 2015 Paris
Agreement.1
We build model portfolios from the bottom-up, so our strategies’ country and sector weights are
determined primarily through the stock selection process, and not by a top-down country or sector
allocation process. Analysts address country and industry factors that may influence the investment thesis
for a company as part of their fundamental research. Portfolio managers adjust portfolio country and
sector weightings, if necessary, to meet strategy portfolio guidelines to ensure sufficient diversification to
control risk.
As noted above in About our Investment Advisory Services, we can accommodate reasonable requests for
customization of separately managed accounts with respect to investment guidelines, including with
respect to environmental and social restrictions. Certain Harding Loevner pooled funds may also have
their own investment guidelines, including those managed according to our Climate-Related strategies or
as necessary to comply with applicable regulations. Holdings may be excluded or their weights adjusted
relative to model portfolios to comply with client-specific guidelines.
ESG Integration
Harding Loevner seeks to achieve the best possible risk-adjusted investment returns. We assess
sustainability-related risks and opportunities because they may impact the long-term sustainability of
companies’ businesses and cash flows, and thus their share prices. We believe companies that operate
with disregard for the environment, for the welfare of societies in which they conduct their business, or
for the sound principles of governance by which the interests of their shareholders are protected put
their financial results at long-term risk. Alternatively, companies may strengthen their long-term
prospects by identifying and mitigating material risks or by taking advantage of new opportunities
arising from material sustainability-related trends.
For all companies under research coverage, our analysts use checklists and other tools to systematically
assess the extent to which each of numerous factors represents a risk that could threaten, or an
opportunity that could support, the sustainability of companies’ profitable growth. These tools provide
a consistent framework for assessing and comparing companies across all industries and geographies.
Analysts’ research of sustainability risks and opportunities may affect their long-term forecasts of
companies’ profit margins, capital intensity, or competitive positions. Analysts also use our ESG
scorecard to assign scores for the E, S, and G pillars overall, which are then aggregated in equal
proportion to determine an overall ESG score for each company. A company’s ESG score is a
1 As of the date of this Brochure, the Climate-Related Strategies are the Global Carbon Transition Equity Strategy and the International Carbon
Transition Equity Strategy.
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parameter in Harding Loevner’s equity valuation model, wherein it influences the estimated duration of
future cash flow growth. Portfolio managers consider sustainability issues among other factors
affecting risk and expected returns in choosing among companies researched and approved by analysts.
Risks of Loss
Each of our investment strategies involves many risks, any of which could cause you to lose money. We
do not guarantee the investment performance of any of the securities we employ in any of our investment
strategies. Past performance is not an indication of future results.
Your investment risks might include, among others:
Market Risk
Investments may go up or down in response to the prospects of
individual companies, particular industry sector or governments and/or
such factors as general economic conditions, political or regulatory
developments, changes in interest rates, perceived desirability of equity
securities relative to other investments, exchange trading suspensions
and closures, and public health risks, such as those related to COVID-
19.
Currency Risk
Foreign currencies may experience steady or sudden devaluation relative
to the U.S. dollar, adversely affecting the value of the investments.
Foreign Investment Risk
Emerging and Frontier
Market Risk
Geopolitical Risk
Securities issued by foreign entities involve risks not associated with
U.S. investments. These risks include additional taxation, political,
economic, social, or diplomatic instability, and changes in foreign
currency exchange rates. There may be less publicly-available
information about a foreign company.
Emerging and frontier market securities involve unique risks, such as
exposure to economies less diverse and mature than that of U.S. or more
established foreign markets. Companies in emerging market countries
may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting
standards, practices and disclosure requirements comparable to those
applicable to companies in more developed economies. As a result,
investment decisions may be based on less accurate and limited
information. Economic or political instability may cause larger price
changes in emerging or frontier market securities than in securities of
issuers based in more developed foreign countries.
Security prices change daily due to economic and other events that
affect markets generally, as well as those that affect particular regions,
countries, industries, companies or governments. These price
movements, sometimes called volatility, may be greater or less
depending on the types of securities owned and the markets in which the
securities trade. The interconnectivity between global economies and
financial markets increases the likelihood that events or conditions in
one region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a
different country, region or financial market. Investments may decline
in value due to inflation (or expectations for inflation), interest rates,
global demand for particular products or resources, natural disasters,
epidemics and pandemics, wars, terrorism, regulatory events and
governmental or quasi-governmental actions. Companies may be
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Geographic Risk
sanctioned or have other restrictions imposed on them that make prevent
or prohibit us from selling their securities. Further, the recent rise of
nationalist economic policies, including trade protectionism may have a
negative impact on performance. It is difficult to predict when similar
events or policies may affect the U.S. or global financial markets or the
effects that such events or policies may have.
Concentration in issuers located in a particular country or region will
subject the investments, to a greater extent than if the investments were
less concentrated, to the risks of economic cycles and/or conditions, and
developments that may be particular to that country or region, such as:
adverse securities markets; adverse exchange rates; social, political,
regulatory, economic or environmental development; or natural
disasters.
Small and Mid-Cap
Company Risk
The securities of small and mid-cap companies have historically
exhibited more volatility and a lower degree of liquidity than larger
companies.
Greater China Risk
Investments in Greater China involve a higher degree of risk than other
regions and economies, as the economy, industries, and securities and
currency markets of Greater China are particularly vulnerable to the
region’s dependence on exports and international trade and increasing
competition from Asia’s other low-cost emerging economies. The
imposition of tariffs or other trade barriers by the U.S. or foreign
governments on Chinese exports and other restrictions on or barriers to
investment in China may adversely impact Chinese companies. There is
also the risk that the U.S. government or foreign governments may
sanction Chinese issuers or otherwise prohibit U.S. persons from
investing in certain Chinese issuers, which may negatively affect the
liquidity and price of their securities and cause the government of China
to take retaliatory measures. Investments in China involve risk of a total
loss due to government action or inaction or other adverse
circumstances. The government of the People’s Republic of China
exercises significant control over the economy in Mainland China and
may at any time alter or discontinue economic reforms. Investments in
Greater China are subject to the risk of confiscatory taxation,
nationalization or expropriation of assets, potentially frequent changes in
the law, and imperfect information because companies in the China
region may not be subject to the same disclosure, accounting, auditing
and financial reporting standards and practices as U.S. companies.
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Russia Risk
Investing in securities issued by companies located in Russia involves
significant risks, including legal, regulatory, currency and economic
risks that are specific to Russia. In addition, investing in securities
issued by companies located in Russia involves risks associated with the
settlement of transactions and loss of ownership rights in securities as a
result of the system of share registration and custody in Russia. In
response to Russia’s large-scale invasion of Ukraine, which was
launched on February 24, 2022, governments in the U.S. and many other
countries have imposed economic sanctions on certain Russian
individuals and Russian corporate and banking entities. A number of
jurisdictions have also instituted broader sanctions on Russia, including
banning Russia from global payments systems that facilitate cross-
border payments. These sanctions and actions taken by securities
exchanges have caused significant disruptions to the secondary market
for trading Russian securities and the values of these securities. It is
uncertain how long these impacts will last.
Financial Sectors Risk
Concentration Risk
Investments in financial sector securities will be vulnerable to events
affecting companies in that sector, such as changes in governmental
regulation, issues relating to the availability and cost of capital, changes
in interest rates and/or monetary policy, and price competition.
Financials companies are often more highly leveraged than companies in
other sectors, making them inherently riskier.
A concentration of investments in a particular industry or geographic
region will increase the volatility of an account and, in particular, make
it more vulnerable to adverse economic, political and other factors that
affect that industry or region.
Investment Style Risk
Different investment styles (e.g., “growth” or “value”) tend to shift in
and out of favor depending on market and economic conditions as well
as investor sentiment. One style will underperform other styles over
certain periods when that style is out of favor or does not respond as
positively to market or other events.
ADR (or Depository
Receipt Investment) Risk
Investments in sponsored or unsponsored depositary receipts are subject
to many of the same risks associated with the purchase and sale of
foreign securities. In addition, other factors, such as issuer corporate
actions or actions by foreign countries can result in displacements that
cause such instruments to trade at enhanced premiums or discounts to
the underlying foreign ordinary security. Depositary receipt holders do
not always receive all the rights and benefits of the holders of the
ordinary shares, they may have limited or no ability to participate in
corporate actions and vote proxies, and may have differing tax
consequences. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts often bear
the costs of such facilities and the depositary of unsponsored interests is
frequently under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications
or to pass through voting rights to the holders of these interests.
ADRs may be more thinly traded in the U.S. than the underlying shares
traded in the country of origin, which may increase volatility and affect
purchase or sale prices.
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ESG Integration Risk
Harding Loevner's integration of ESG risks and opportunities as part of
its investment process may impact performance. Additionally, Harding
Loevner's consideration of ESG risks and opportunities in connection
with identifying and selecting investments may require subjective
analysis and may be difficult if data about a particular company is
limited. A company’s ESG practices or Harding Loevner’s assessment of
such practices may change over time.
Cybersecurity Risk
Investment advisers, including Harding Loevner, must rely in part on
digital and network technologies to conduct their businesses. These
networks might be at risk of cyber attacks that could attempt
unauthorized access to digital systems to misappropriate sensitive
information, corrupt data, or cause operational disruption. We maintain
an information security policy and technical, administrative, and
physical safeguards intended to identify and mitigate cyber attacks and
protect the confidentiality of our internal data. Nevertheless, cyber
incidents could potentially occur, and might in some circumstances
result in unauthorized access to sensitive information about us or our
clients. Clients could be negatively impacted by a cyber attack.
Artificial Intelligence Risk Artificial intelligence technologies, including machine learning, natural
language processing, and generative artificial intelligence (collectively,
“AI”), are rapidly evolving. Harding Loevner’s investment research and
portfolio management decisions are grounded in the fundamental
research and judgment of our investment professionals. However, we
may use certain AI tools to enhance operational efficiency or support
aspects of our research process. In addition, some third-party service
providers we rely on may utilize AI technologies.
Harding Loevner recognizes that AI involves risks and limitations, some
of which may not yet be fully known. AI systems rely on complex
software, algorithms, hardware, and data inputs. If input data is
inaccurate, incomplete, biased, or corrupted, outputs may also be
inaccurate, misleading, or inconsistent. AI models may misinterpret
information, omit relevant context, or reflect biases embedded in
training data. In addition, the processes by which some AI tools generate
outputs may be difficult to understand, explain, or replicate. Harding
Loevner also may have limited visibility into the design, training data, or
functioning of third-party AI tools. Furthermore, while Harding Loevner
conducts extensive due diligence on third-party service providers, we
cannot control how they develop, maintain, or deploy AI technologies.
Disruptions to the technological infrastructure supporting AI tools—
including software failures, cybersecurity incidents, or data corruption—
could impair certain operational functions. The use of AI technologies
may also create legal, regulatory, intellectual property, and data privacy
risks, and the regulatory framework governing AI continues to evolve.
Before adopting any new AI tools, Harding Loevner aims to be
thoughtful and understand their value to our operations and employees’
daily work as well as any regulatory and compliance implications,
including ensuring the protection of our client’s and firm’s confidential
information.
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Client accounts are invested in the shares of companies that may also
utilize AI technologies. Such investments are subject to risks inherent in
the use of AI, including those described above, which could adversely
affect the performance of those investments. While we conduct due
diligence on such investments, we cannot control how companies
develop, maintain, or deploy AI technologies.
Disciplinary Information
There has not been any legal or disciplinary event relating to Harding Loevner or any of its employees
that would be material to an evaluation of our advisory business or the integrity of our management.
Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Other Financial Industry Activities
We do not engage in any business other than providing investment advice. Neither Harding Loevner nor
any of its employees is registered or has applied to register as a broker-dealer, futures commissions
merchant, commodity pool operator, or commodity trading adviser.
Affiliations
We are the investment adviser to HLF, a no-load, open-end management investment company (Investment
Company Act File 811-07739, Securities Act File 33-09341). Aaron Bellish, a control person of Harding
Loevner, is a director of HLF.
Some of our employees are registered representatives of Quasar Distributors, LLC, a limited purpose
broker-dealer and a subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group that serves as HLF’s distributor. These
employees promote HLF to intermediaries or perform compliance functions. Quasar does not compensate
any Harding Loevner employees.
In addition to portfolio managers and analysts employed directly by us, we will use resources and
personnel of our participating affiliate, Harding Loevner (UK) Limited (“Harding Loevner (UK)”).
Harding Loevner (UK) is not registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act, but, in reliance
on a series of SEC no-action letters, any arrangements with Harding Loevner (UK) are subject to various
conditions designed to ensure compliance with U.S. laws and regulations and adequate SEC oversight
when advisory services are provided to U.S. persons. These conditions require, among other things, that
employees of Harding Loevner (UK) be subject to a Code of Ethics and comply with certain U.S. rules
when it provides services to us. See “Code of Ethics and Personal Trading” [page 21] for a more detailed
discussion of our Code of Ethics.
Affiliated Managers Group, Inc. (“AMG”), a publicly-traded company (NYSE: AMG) with ownership
interests in a number of boutique investment management firms (“AMG Affiliates”), holds an
approximate 82% equity interest in Harding Loevner. AMG’s ownership interest in us does not, in our
view, present any conflict of interest between Harding Loevner and its clients. Each of the AMG
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Affiliates, including Harding Loevner, operates independently of one another. Except as described in this
Brochure, we do not have business relations with other AMG Affiliates.
We engage wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries of AMG to identify and introduce us to prospective
institutional clients in various non-U.S. jurisdictions and to assist us in managing our relationships with
our clients in those jurisdictions. AMG’s foreign subsidiaries are not broker-dealers, investment advisers,
or any other type of financial institution described in Item 7.A of Form ADV Part 1. Depending on the
jurisdiction, the foreign subsidiary is registered with the relevant financial regulatory authorities as
required, or is exempt from registration. In the U.S., Harding Loevner has a Marketing and Sales Support
Agreement with AMG Funds LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of AMG, under which AMG Funds
provides administrative and/or marketing services to support Harding Loevner’s provision of advisory
services to or through various unaffiliated third-party investment programs. These third-party investment
programs include Wrap Programs, Model Programs, and other programs sponsored by unaffiliated broker-
dealers, banks, and other financial intermediaries. Harding Loevner pays AMG Funds a fee for these
services.
More information about AMG, including its public filings and a list of all AMG Affiliates, is available at
www.amg.com.
Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions, and
Personal Trading
Code of Ethics and Personal Trading
We have adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Code”) that sets forth rules of employee conduct designed to address
potential conflicts of interest, including restrictions on their personal securities transactions and requirements
for reporting them. HLF has also adopted the Code. Compliance with the Code is mandatory for all of our
employees, including employees of our participating affiliates.
The Code permits an employee to buy or sell securities, including securities that we have purchased or may
purchase for client accounts, so long as certain requirements are met. Employees must obtain prior
permission to transact in certain securities or to participate in any private placement. An employee cannot
transact in a security if we have recently bought or sold the security for a client account, or are considering
doing so, without a waiver from the Chief Compliance Officer or his designee. Generally, employees cannot
participate in initial public offerings.
The Code also:
1) Imposes a duty of confidentiality to our clients and to us;
2) Requires prior approval for serving as a director of any publicly-traded company;
3) Prohibits trading on material, nonpublic information; and
4) Prohibits spreading false or misleading information to influence security prices.
You may request a copy of our Code of Ethics by writing to us at the address on page 1 of this Brochure.
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Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
If we invest any portion of your account in a mutual fund that pays us for investment advice (see “Fees and
Compensation” [page 6]), we exclude that portion when calculating our advisory fee so that you do not pay us
total fees greater than those specified in your IMA.
We manage accounts for our employees and provide seed capital for new strategies. The employees’ and
clients’ separately managed accounts are managed according to their respective strategy’s model portfolio, as
discussed in “Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management” [page 11]. Managing accounts
according to model portfolios addresses conflicts of interests that arise when we manage accounts with the
same strategy for different types of clients.
We maintain a 401(k) retirement plan for our employees. The plan includes certain HLF Portfolios among the
investment choices available to participants.
On occasion and to the extent permitted by law, we may effect a security transaction between client
accounts (a “cross trade”). A cross trade enables a client account to avoid brokerage commissions,
spreads, or market impact costs. We effect cross trades solely to benefit client accounts and only if we
expect every participating account to benefit. We do not effect cross trades for U.S. retirement plans. We
do not effect cross trades for non-U.S. retirement plans except in compliance with applicable regulations.
We are not a broker, we do not act as principal in cross trades, and we do not receive any commission or
other financial benefit from effecting cross trades.
Insider Trading and Material, Nonpublic Information
Our Code of Ethics prohibits insider trading. It sets out a procedure to follow for an employee who
comes into possession of potentially material, nonpublic information. Our employees must also comply
with AMG’s Insider Trading Policy and Procedures, which prohibits the use of material, nonpublic
information about AMG and restricts trading in AMG’s shares.
Brokerage Practices
We exercise brokerage discretion over your account (see “Investment Discretion” [page 33]) unless you
limit our brokerage discretion by instructing us to use a specific broker to execute some or all of the
transactions for your account (“Directed Account”). Directed Accounts include, but are not limited to,
Wrap Program accounts.
“Non-Directed Accounts” are client accounts over which we have complete brokerage discretion.
The Brokerage and Trading Advisory Committee oversees all our brokerage practices.
Best Execution
“Best execution” is execution at prices and commissions that provide the most favorable total cost or
proceeds reasonably obtainable under the circumstances, taking into account all relevant factors. We seek
to obtain best execution for securities transactions in your account. Trading practices, regulatory
requirements, liquidity, public availability of market data, and commission arrangements vary
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considerably from one market to another. We have implemented systems and procedures to assess our
effectiveness across markets in seeking to obtain best execution.
Brokerage Relationships
Our traders choose a broker to execute each trade order from a list of approved brokers. We select broker-
dealers to execute securities transactions on your behalf based on the full range and quality of the broker-
dealers’ services, including but not limited to: execution capabilities; the ability to maintain
confidentiality; commission rates relative to those of other broker-dealers providing similar services; the
extensiveness of the broker’s distribution network; its reliability and timeliness in settling similar
transactions; the most direct route to the market; demonstrated capability in a particular market, region, or
security; communications and administrative capabilities; constraints, if any, imposed by you; direct
access to the broker’s trading desk; and the quality of research it provides. The importance of any
particular criterion will depend on the nature of the transaction, the market in which it will occur, and the
number of brokers that are capable of executing the transaction.
In instances where the trader believes that more than one broker can provide best execution for a
transaction, the trader may consider brokers’ research services as a factor in choosing a broker.
Commission rates charged by brokers providing research services may be higher than the rates charged by
brokers not providing such services.
We may have other business dealings with broker-dealers that we use to transact securities in your
account. For example:
If a broker-dealer is publicly traded, we may own its or its affiliate’s shares in client accounts;
1.
2. We may provide investment advisory services to the broker-dealer or its affiliate;
3. We accumulate soft dollar credits when we execute trades pursuant to a broker-dealer’s commission
sharing agreement (“CSA”) to pay for the broker-dealer’s proprietary research or third-party
research;
4. The broker-dealer may refer potential clients to us; or
5. The broker-dealer or its affiliate may include HLF or retain our sub-advisory services in Wrap
Programs or Model Programs it sponsors.
We choose broker-dealers to transact securities in your account without regard to other business dealings
we may have or seek to have with them. We seek best execution whenever we transact securities in your
account, unless you limit our brokerage discretion (see “Directed Accounts” [page 25]).
Foreign Exchange Transactions
We transact foreign exchange (“FX”) in your account to settle purchases of securities denominated in
currencies other than the base currency of your account, to convert sales proceeds to base currency, and to
manage income received or expenses paid in foreign currency. Active currency management does not
play a significant role in our investment strategy and we do not trade or hold FX for speculative purposes.
We do not transact FX in accounts invested in our ADR strategies.
Our approach to transacting FX in your account will depend on your choice of custodian bank, the terms
of your custodial agreement, the size of your account, and your expressed preference, among other
factors. One option available involves us providing your custodian bank with standing instructions to
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execute FX transactions for your account automatically to settle related securities transactions. Policies
for executing FX transactions pursuant to standing instructions vary among custodian banks with respect
to key aspects such the time of execution, the netting of offsetting contemporaneous transactions, the
price, spread or fee charged, and the nature and detail of transaction reporting provided to you. Your
custodian’s FX transactions may or may not be competitive or transparent, and our ability to negotiate for
you may be limited. You should discuss with your custodian the benefits of establishing a comprehensive
service agreement that defines their policies and obligations with respect to FX transactions.
Alternately, we may transact FX in your account with banks or intermediaries other than your custodian.
In that case, we typically arrange FX transactions through an unaffiliated specialist FX intermediary or
with a bank with whom we have negotiated a competitive fixed spread acting as principal. The
intermediary seeks favorable FX transaction rates through an auction process or through direct
negotiation with banks, and is compensated at a fixed commission rate that we believe is competitive.
Your custodian may charge your account a trade-away fee if you execute FX away from them. We may
have other business dealings with these providers, such as owning their shares (if publicly traded) in
client accounts, providing them investment advice, receiving potential client referrals from them or using
the FX intermediary (if it is also a broker-dealer) to execute securities transactions for client accounts (see
“Brokerage Relationships” [page 23]).
We check the FX transaction rates in your account after the fact for competitiveness. Our ability to
monitor the cost and efficiency of FX transactions executed by your custodian may be limited by the post-
transaction reporting it is able or willing to provide.
We typically instruct your custodian to execute FX transactions in restricted currencies, and in relation to
dividend and income repatriation, interest, and cash proceeds from corporate actions. The rates charged
by custodians for these types of FX transactions are fixed by them, are not negotiated by us, and vary
among custodians and accounts.
Soft Dollar Policy
We use a portion of your account’s brokerage commissions generated when we trade through a broker-
dealer’s CSA to pay for investment research that helps us perform our investment decision-making
responsibilities (“soft dollars”). We may also use soft dollars to pay for certain brokerage services (see
“Brokerage Relationships” [page 23]). We therefore have an incentive to select brokers based on our
desire to receive research, for which we would otherwise have to pay from our own resources. The
amounts of our soft dollar payments are based on our estimates of the value of the research services we
acquire and consistent with our duty to seek best execution.
We use soft dollars only within the safe harbor of Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Section 28(e) provides that a person who has investment discretion over a client account is not in breach
of its fiduciary duty when paying more than the lowest commission rate available, if it determines in good
faith that such amount of commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and
research services provided by the broker. The types of research services received include proprietary (i.e.,
generated by the broker-dealer) and independently-produced (i.e., third-party) company, industry,
economic and strategy written research publications, corporate management and brokerage analyst access,
and investment conferences.
We obtain some products or services for “mixed” uses that extend beyond the safe harbor uses of eligible
research and brokerage services under Section 28(e). If a product or service is mixed use, we determine
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in good faith the proportion of soft-dollar-eligible use. We pay with soft dollars only for the eligible
portion and pay for the remainder ourselves.
We benefit from these soft dollar arrangements because we do not pay directly for the research and related
services we receive. We do not attempt to allocate the costs or benefits of these services among our
clients’ accounts. All of our clients, not just those whose accounts incurred commission expense, benefit
from our receipt of research services in consideration of that commission expense, and some strategies
and accounts may benefit more than others.
We comply with the CFA Institute Soft Dollar Standards (the “Standards”), which provide guidance for
ethical practices and disclosure with respect to brokerage. You may ask your client service representative
or you may write to us at the address on page 1 of this Brochure for additional information about our use
of soft dollars, including descriptions of the services provided by each broker, and information specific to
your account such as commissions paid to each broker including, if applicable, each Directed Broker (see
“Directed Accounts” [page 25]).
Allocation of Brokerage Commissions
We establish the annual firm-wide research budget based upon our prior year’s research consumption, the
estimated price information for the brokers’ research services, and an estimate of anticipated annual
research consumption. We evaluate the performance of the brokers on our approved list as part of our
annual commission allocation process and determine in good faith a commission allocation for each
approved broker that we believe is reasonable in relation to the value of the services we expect it to
provide. We make no agreement with any broker on our list of approved brokers to pay a fixed amount of
commission. Each approved brokers’ commission allocation is reviewed semi-annually to determine if
mid-year adjustments are necessary or appropriate. On a quarterly basis, the Trading Department informs
the Investment Committee on each broker’s execution capability, responsiveness and administrative
efficiency and Investment Committee members assess the nature, quality, quantity and value of the
research they expect to receive from each broker, and their overall level of satisfaction.
Policies and Procedures to Monitor Brokerage Transactions
We have policies and procedures to address the conflicts of interest associated with our brokerage
practices. We evaluate the performance of the brokers on our approved list through the commission
allocation process (see “Allocation of Brokerage Commissions” [page 25]) and through reviews by our
Brokerage and Trading Advisory Committee. We monitor the quality of individual trade order
executions, and we analyze our overall trade execution performance by using proprietary and third-party
tools to compare our results over time with those of relevant investment manager averages.
Directed Accounts
You may limit our brokerage discretion by directing us in writing to use a specific broker (“Directed
Broker”) to execute some or all securities transactions for your account (“Client Brokerage Direction”).
If you give us Client Brokerage Direction with respect to your account, our ability to seek best execution
for your account may be impaired.
Commission rates and execution quality obtainable from the Directed Broker may be less favorable than
those obtainable from other brokers for various reasons, including:
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1. Generally, orders subject to Client Brokerage Direction cannot be aggregated with contemporaneous
orders for Non-Directed Accounts and therefore cannot benefit from any commission discounts that
may apply to larger orders;
2. Directed Brokers may achieve less favorable execution prices than brokers we would select based on
execution capability; and
3. Client Brokerage Direction limits our ability to negotiate commission rates charged by Directed
Brokers.
We typically place orders for Directed Accounts managed using ordinary share strategies only after
completing execution of aggregated orders for Non-Directed Accounts in order to avoid competition in
the market among orders for our clients. Later order placement may result in Directed Accounts receiving
less favorable execution prices than Non-Directed Accounts. Trading for Directed Accounts managed
using ADR strategies is described below under “ADR Accounts” [page 27].
If your Directed Broker referred you to us, we may have a conflict of interest with you, because our duty
to seek best execution may conflict with our desire to receive additional referrals from the Directed
Broker.
If your broker acts as the custodian (“Custodial Broker”) for your account, it is the equivalent of Client
Brokerage Direction and we treat your account as a Directed Account.
Depending on its execution capabilities and schedule of charges, we may execute brokerage transactions
for your account with or through the Custodial Broker for reasons including:
1. We expect that the Custodial Broker would execute orders for your account on a basis that is
competitive to execution by other brokers for orders of similar size;
2.
If your account is subject to an asset-based pricing arrangement (e.g., a wrap fee), total fees charged
to you by the Custodial Broker for custody and brokerage services will not vary with the number or
size of transactions that it makes for your account;
3. Whether or not your account is subject to the Custodial Broker’s asset-based pricing arrangement, it
may charge you a transaction fee for each trade made through a broker other than itself;
4. Making transactions through brokers other than the Custodial Broker may increase the complexity of
trade settlement and increase the risk of settlement errors and failures to settle, and such errors and
failures, if they occur, may result in financial loss in your account;
5. Making transactions through brokers other than your Custodial Broker may result in substantial
delays in reporting execution results, and such delays could be detrimental to our ability to manage
your account and your ability to monitor the account; or
6. Making transactions through brokers other than the Custodial Broker would require us to implement
additional accounting procedures, and such procedures would increase our (but not your) costs.
For these reasons, if your custodian is a broker, our ability to seek best execution on trades for your
account may be impaired. To the extent that we aggregate orders for Non-Directed Accounts (see “Trade
Aggregation and Allocation” next), your account may be unable to benefit from volume commission
discounts and other benefits available to accounts that participate in aggregated orders. Similarly, our
ability to negotiate competitive commission rates for your account will be limited. In addition, in cases
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where the Custodial Broker uses our advisory services, we face a conflict of interest, which (other than
for Wrap Program accounts) could be seen as reducing our incentive to negotiate the lowest possible trade
commissions.
Trade Aggregation and Allocation
Our standard practice is to aggregate contemporaneous buy or sell orders for the same security for all
Non-Directed Accounts in an effort to obtain favorable order execution and to facilitate equitable
allocation. Each Non-Directed Account so aggregated participates in executed or partially executed
orders at the average local share price, with all transaction costs shared pro-rata. We may choose not to
aggregate such orders if we believe other methodologies to be similarly fair and equitable and appropriate
given the circumstance. We also may choose not to aggregate orders for accounts in other circumstances,
such as when an account redeems all or a portion of its assets and we need to sell holdings to distribute
the cash proceeds, or when cash is contributed to a new or existing account. In those circumstances and
others, we may decide to execute the related trades separately from, and before, a contemporaneous buy
or sell order involving the same security or securities.
Orders for ADR Accounts may be aggregated as described under “ADR Accounts” [page 27].
If an order is partially executed, we choose among alternative allocation methods with the goal of most
favorable overall result while ensuring that all participating accounts are treated fairly and equitably. Pro-
rata allocation, where each account participates in the partial execution in proportion to its participation in
that day’s aggregated trade order (subject to a minimum order size for each account), is our default
allocation method. A version of pro rata allocation may include randomizing partial executions for smaller
amounts to minimize their custodian settlement charges. Random allocation may be used when a pro-rata
allocation would result in numerous accounts receiving multiple small allocations. Custodians’ settlement
charges are usually fixed on a per-trade, rather than a per-dollar, basis, and multiple small allocations can
result in substantial additional settlement charges. We may use other allocation methods so long as all
participating client accounts are treated fairly and equitably. The Trading Department determines the
allocation method to be used. Our trade order management system automatically allocates executions
among accounts in accordance with the chosen method. Portfolio managers are not involved in
determining the allocation method or the allocation. The use of any allocation method may result in
participating account realizing different execution prices.
We may have the opportunity to participate in public offerings of securities on behalf of certain clients
(e.g., Qualified Institutional Buyers, or QIBs, and other eligible investors). We may buy the same
securities in the secondary market for clients that are not eligible to participate in the offering. Some
clients may receive less favorable prices as a result.
Although we typically do not invest in initial public offerings, we follow the same trade aggregation and
allocation practices described above in respect of trade orders for client accounts participating in initial
public offerings.
ADR Accounts
General Trade Rotation Policy
We offer our clients—including Non-Directed Accounts, Directed Accounts (including Wrap Program
accounts), and Model Programs—three strategies (International Equity ADR, Global Equity ADR, and
International Developed Markets Equity ADR) that invest exclusively in ADRs and US-listed foreign
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company shares (collectively referred to as “ADR Accounts”) instead of investing in foreign ordinary
shares. Below is a summary of our brokerage practices for ADR Accounts. These practices are designed
to treat all our ADR Accounts fairly and equitably over time, but may result in performance differences
among ADR Accounts, as well as performance differences between ADR Accounts and ordinary share
accounts.
When a portfolio manager decides to make a model portfolio change to one of our ADR strategies, we use
a fixed trade rotation (discussed below) to implement the change.
All ADR Accounts (other than non-Conforming Model Programs, defined and discussed below) are
placed in a fixed trade rotation where all entries in the rotation are placed in a set sequence. For purposes
of this fixed trade rotation, we combine different types of accounts into single items, typically aggregated
by Directed Broker, or into groups. For example, we may combine all Wrap Program accounts into one
group and all Conforming Model Programs in another group (with each such group referred to as a
“Rotation Group”). The Rotation Groups are set in a fixed rotation, and entries within each Rotation
Group are set in a fixed rotation.
After we complete trades for our ordinary share accounts, we will trade for our ADR Accounts, and
provide model portfolio change notifications to each Conforming Model Program sponsor, according to
this fixed trade rotation. Once trades associated with one or more model portfolio changes (such as related
buys and sells) have been completed for each entry in the rotation, the first entry in that rotation is moved
to the end of the rotation, and the rotation begins again for the next model portfolio change or changes.
If we trade away (as discussed below) and the order is partially executed, we use the trade rotation to
determine the order in which shares are allocated to Non-Directed Accounts, Directed Accounts
(including Wrap Program accounts) and Model Programs for which we retain trading authority. We may
give each entry in the rotation a complete fill before the next entry in the rotation receives an allocation,
or we may allocate shares pro rata across several entries, depending on the volume of shares we can buy
or sell for a particular trade.
Periodically, we change the order of the entries within each Rotation Group and of the Rotation Groups
themselves using a randomization approach. This practice is designed to treat all our ADR Accounts
fairly and equitably over time.
Trading Away
In light of our fiduciary duty to seek best execution for our clients, we typically “trade away” from Wrap
Program sponsors because we believe that the net cost to our clients (including all commissions and
prices at which the securities are purchased or sold) of doing so will be lower than it otherwise would
have been over time had we not traded away and instead allowed the Wrap Program sponsors to execute
the trade. We trade away in an effort to achieve greater efficiency and the best net realized price when
trading large blocks of securities. We seek other benefits from trading away in addition to the best net
realized price. For example, trading away can decrease the amount of time necessary to effect a model
change for all ADR Accounts while minimizing information leakage and avoiding competition in the
market among orders for different sponsors. In addition, Directed Accounts (including Wrap Program
accounts) can benefit from trading away because we maintain more control over the transaction from
order placement through settlement. When effecting buy trades for ADR model portfolio changes, we
often buy local foreign shares through a broker and work with the bank depositary to create the ADRs.
For sell trades, we often have the bank depositary convert the ADRs into local shares and then instruct the
broker to sell the shares in the local market. In these situations, we believe that we can achieve a better
net realized price than sponsors by negotiating lower brokerage commissions and ADR creation (or
conversion) fees when transacting in large blocks of securities. We also seek to select brokers whose
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local market execution capabilities are at least as good as and may be superior to those of the sponsor’s
correspondent broker.
When we trade away, it is possible that certain Wrap Program accounts incur costs that they would not
otherwise incur if their Wrap Program sponsor had executed the trade. For example, if a Wrap Program
sponsor executed the trade, it may trade ADRs in the US market or it may create (or convert) ADRs
without charging any additional direct fees or commissions to its Wrap Program accounts. However,
when trading foreign ordinary shares in the local market and creating (or converting) ADRs, it is
generally the case that commissions and fees related to the local-market transactions are incorporated into
the net price of the settled ADR trade, and therefore are borne by the Wrap Program accounts (in addition
to the fees that they pay for participating in their Wrap Programs). This is the case regardless of whether
we trade away or the Wrap Program sponsors trade foreign ordinary shares for the creation of (or
conversion of) ADRs.
You should review the sponsor’s disclosures regarding fees it charges to participating accounts and the
business arrangement between the sponsor and Harding Loevner, found in the sponsor’s Form ADV
Part 2A Appendix 1, fee brochure, or program client investment management agreement.
We typically do not trade away account-specific trades in Directed Accounts (including Wrap Program
accounts), such as trades related to cash contributions or withdrawals in a particular ADR Account. The
Directed Broker typically executes these trades.
Conforming Model Programs
The sponsors of most Model Programs retain both trading and investment discretion. To mitigate against
adverse consequences caused by competing trading in the same markets for the same securities at the
same time by us and by Model Program sponsors, a Model Program that retains trading authority will be
included in our ADR Account trade rotation only if: (1) we believe the sponsor has the ability to
complete its trading efficiently and promptly; (2) it agrees to notify us as soon as their trading is
complete; (3) it agrees to promptly provide us with reports and other information related to their trading,
as we request, or the sponsor is an affiliate of a broker-dealer from our list of approved brokers; and (4) it
satisfies other conditions that we may reasonably establish (“Conforming Model Programs”). We
typically wait until the Conforming Model Program sponsor informs us that their trading is complete
before moving to the next entry in the trade rotation. Considering factors including but not limited to the
size of the Conforming Model Programs and the liquidity of the particular security or securities being
traded, we may wait for a time, even several days, before moving to the next entry in the rotation, or we
may notify the next entry that is a Conforming Model Program more quickly or even immediately. We
provide model portfolio change notifications to sponsors of non-Conforming Model Program accounts
only after trades have been completed for all other ADR Accounts. We reserve the right to re-designate a
Conforming Model Program as a non-Conforming Model Program (and treat it as such for our ADR
Accounts trade rotation policy) if its sponsor fails to meet the conditions described above. Because
notification to non-Conforming Model Program sponsors will not begin until after our ADR Account
trade rotation is complete, non-Conforming Model Program accounts may receive less favorable
execution prices than ADR Accounts included in the fixed trade rotation.
Possible Consequences of Trade Rotation
As noted above, we trade for ADR Accounts after we complete trades for our ordinary share accounts.
As a result, ADR Accounts may receive less favorable execution prices than ordinary share accounts.
Our ADR Account trade rotation process may impact execution prices achieved for our clients. For
example, trades for ADR Accounts early in the process may move the market, causing trades for ADR
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Accounts later in the rotation to receive less favorable prices. Information leakage and signaling (where
other market participants use trading information potentially to their or their clients’ advantage and to the
detriment of our clients) could also impact execution prices, as could timing differences that result in
clients obtaining different execution prices. Our general policy of waiting for each Conforming Model
Program sponsor in the trade rotation to notify us that their trading is complete before moving to the next
entry in the rotation will delay the completion of trades for ADR Accounts that are later in the rotation,
which could result in more disparate execution prices being realized. This impact may be greater with
less liquid securities and when trading ordinary shares in local markets, as opposed to trading ADRs in
the US market.
As noted above, we will typically notify non-Conforming Model Program sponsors of a model portfolio
change only after the ADR Account trade rotation is complete. Execution prices realized for these non-
Conforming Model Programs may be adversely impacted as a result of trading after the ADR Account
trade rotation is complete. We will notify non-Conforming Model Program sponsors of model portfolio
changes in a randomized order, and we generally will not wait before notifying the next non-Conforming
Model Program sponsor. As a result, different non-Conforming Model Programs may be trading the same
securities in the same markets at the same time, which could adversely impact execution prices received
by each such Model Program.
Right to Deviate from Policy
This section describes our policies and practices for trading ADR Accounts. This trade rotation is
designed to be fair and equitable to all our ADR Account clients over time. However, we may deviate
from our ADR Account trade rotation and use other methods of trading ADR Accounts or notifying
Model Program sponsors of model portfolio changes that we reasonably believe to be similarly fair and
equitable.
China A shares
We may purchase China A shares, which are the stock shares of companies based in mainland China, via
Stock Connect, for your separately managed account. Stock Connect is a collaboration between the Hong
Kong, Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges that provides an integrated trading and clearing link
between the Hong Kong and mainland China markets. It allows international institutional investors to
purchase and sell China A shares, although in certain instances operational limitations that may preclude
us from aggregating contemporaneous buy or sell orders for the same security. In such instances, we use
other methods that are designed to treat all affected client accounts fairly and equitably over time. These
alternate methods may result in performance differences among the affected client accounts.
Trade Errors
When effecting trades to implement the investment decisions we make on your behalf, we or others may
act in a way that results in a loss to your account. Some but not all acts related to trades that result in a
loss in your account involve reimbursable errors. We bear the cost of correcting any loss in your account
that directly resulted from our acts when we determine that the act failed to meet the standard of care that
we owe to you. We have policies and procedures that we follow in considering and making that
determination. We reimburse your account for the cost of our acts that failed to meet the applicable
standard of care and result in a direct financial loss to your account, unless that would violate your
investment guidelines or legal restrictions. We permit a gain resulting from our acts to remain in your
account unless that would violate your investment guidelines, legal restrictions, or, in the case of Wrap
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Program accounts, the Wrap Program sponsor’s own error correction policy. Unless prohibited by
applicable law, we generally net your gains and losses from an act, or series of related acts, to determine
the net loss to reimburse.
We will not be responsible for costs or for reimbursing your account for any loss resulting from any act of
a third party, unless the third party is explicitly acting as our agent in providing services to you. Third
parties who are not acting as our agent include, but are not limited to, your custodian, brokers, banks and
intermediaries that execute securities trades or transact foreign exchange for your account, and, for wrap
accounts, the Wrap Program sponsor. We are not responsible for tax consequences resulting from a trade
error.
Review of Accounts
Lead portfolio managers, assisted by members of our Client Operations Department, are responsible for day-
to-day management of each investment strategy, including buy and sell recommendations that apply generally
to all accounts participating in the investment strategy. In addition, we designate a portfolio manager to
exercise primary oversight responsibility over your account (“client portfolio manager”). Assisted by
members of the Client Operations Department, the client portfolio manager reviews your account on an
ongoing basis and undertakes transactions as necessary to ensure that the account adheres to the model
portfolio for its investment strategy, subject to your investment guidelines and restrictions.
Each client portfolio manager reviews and affirms on a regular basis all trades in accounts for which he or
she is responsible.
Our Portfolio Review Committee is responsible for ensuring that (1) model portfolios conform to our
internal guidelines, and (2) client accounts conform to the applicable model portfolio, taking into
consideration each client’s investment guidelines and restrictions. The Committee meets quarterly to
review our internal guidelines, model portfolios, and each client’s account.
Client investment guidelines and restrictions take precedence over our internal guidelines for model
portfolios. Your account may deviate from the model portfolio if your investment guidelines and
restrictions conflict with our internal guidelines in such a way that prevents us from applying our internal
guidelines to your account.
Reporting
The nature and frequency of reports depends on the type of account (see “Fees and Compensation” [page 6])
and (for a separate account) your preferences.
If you have a separate account, you may receive a reporting package from us on a quarterly basis, which
includes some or all of the following: a market commentary, performance summary, portfolio appraisal, and
schedule of purchases and sales, realized gains and losses, contributions and withdrawals, and income and
expenses. However, the type, frequency, and delivery of such reports will vary based on your agreement with
us, your custodian or platform. These reports are also available on a monthly basis upon request. We may
also meet with clients periodically.
If you are a participant in a Wrap Program and have an account we sub-advise, you receive reports from
your Wrap Program sponsor in accordance with the agreement between you and the sponsor. Harding
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Loevner, as sub-adviser to the sponsor, provides information to the sponsor for the sponsor’s use in
preparing these reports.
In addition to reports from Harding Loevner or, if applicable, your Wrap Program sponsor, you should
expect to receive reports not less than quarterly from your custodian. These reports from your custodian
typically include:
1. A listing of individual holdings, including number of shares and current market value at the end of
the period;
2. Purchase and sale transactions in your account during the period; and
3. Amounts disbursed for the payment of fees, including (where applicable) our advisory fee.
You should compare the reports you receive from Harding Loevner to the reports you receive from your
custodian.
We do not provide reports to those clients who have asked us not to provide them.
Client Referrals and other Compensation
We may compensate affiliated and non-affiliated persons for referrals in accordance with rules under the
Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The compensation to be paid will generally consist of a reimbursement
of expenses or payment of a fee. Under the applicable rules, any non-affiliate to which we pay a referral
fee will provide the prospective client with certain disclosures regarding the endorsement, the
compensation, and any material conflicts. When an affiliate provides a referral, the affiliation to us will be
apparent or disclosed.
We may contribute toward or reimburse expenses related to educational seminars, training programs,
conferences, or meals and entertainment incurred by firms that:
Include us on a list of recommended advisers; or
1. Use us as a sub-adviser;
2.
3. Sponsor programs under which we provide sub-advisory services.
We do not have any arrangements that commit us to make any contributions, reimbursements, or
sponsorships in exchange for referrals (other than the referral arrangements discussed in the previous
paragraph). We may choose to make charitable contributions or sponsor charitable events at the request
of others, including clients or people who are associated with a client. We pay such contributions,
reimbursements and sponsorships from our general account.
Wrap Program account clients are encouraged to review carefully the sponsor’s disclosure materials,
which describe the business arrangements between the sponsor and the investment advisers whose
services it makes available through its program.
Custody
We do not take custody of client funds or securities except in situations where a client authorizes its
custodian to automatically deduct our advisory fees upon receipt of an invoice from us. We only deduct
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advisory fees from client accounts for which we are authorized to do so. You must select your own
custodian, which may be a broker-dealer, bank, trust company, or other qualified institution. As discussed
in “Reporting” [page 31], your custodian typically provides you with account statements no less often
than quarterly relating to the assets held within your account we manage.
We urge you to review carefully your account’s statements from your custodian promptly upon receipt to
confirm that it completely and accurately states all holdings in your account and all account activity over
the relevant time period. If you have any questions or concerns, or if you note any discrepancies between
the custodian’s and our statements, we urge you to contact promptly us and your custodian. Please note
that the information on Harding Loevner’s statements and the statements from your custodian may differ
slightly for reasons including: the use of different pricing sources; the use of trade-date versus settlement-
date accounting; and timing differences in the posting of trades, corporate actions, dividend payments and
tax reclaims.
We may on occasion receive a client’s assets, such as stock certificates or dividend or other checks in the
name of a client, which someone misdirected to us. In such instances, we will promptly identify the client
to which the assets belong. We will return the client assets to the sender promptly but no later than three
business days following receipt of the assets.
With respect to the inadvertent receipt of client assets resulting from tax refunds from tax authorities, or
client settlement proceeds from administrators in connection with class action lawsuits and other legal
actions, we will promptly, but no later than five business days following the receipt of the assets, forward
the client assets to the client (or former client) or their custodian for deposit into the client’s account. If
we cannot forward the assets to the client or its custodian (because, for example, we cannot identify the
client), we will return the assets to the person that sent us the misdirected asset.
Investment Discretion
You grant discretionary authority to us by executing an IMA or by selecting Harding Loevner to sub-
advise a portion of your Wrap Program account.
We manage all of our investment strategies to a model portfolio, and deviations from the model portfolio
are not permitted except to accommodate your investment guidelines, which you must specify in writing.
Subject to any individual guidelines or restrictions specified by you, we have sole discretionary authority
to invest and reinvest the securities, property, cash and other investments in your account at such time and
in such manner as we deem advisable. We have discretion to:
1. Purchase, sell, redeem, invest, reinvest or otherwise trade any security or other investments
(including options, financial futures contracts, forwards, swaps and other derivative products) for
your account at the risk, in your name and on your behalf;
2. Exercise any conversion or subscription rights available in connection with any securities or other
investments held in your account;
3. Maintain all or part of your account invested in short-term, income-producing instruments for such
4.
periods of time as we find reasonable and prudent;
Instruct your custodian to deliver securities sold, exchanged, redeemed or otherwise disposed of
from your account, and to pay cash for securities acquired for your account; and
5. Perform any other act necessary to enable us to carry out our investment management obligations.
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We do not have investment discretion over Model Program accounts. We furnish non-discretionary
advice in the form of model portfolios to Model Program sponsors and we therefore typically cannot
deviate from the model portfolio to accommodate any client or Model Program guidelines. Additionally,
while we exercise investment discretion over all Wrap Program accounts, there are some Wrap Program
accounts for which we do not exercise trading discretion.
Class Action Suits and Other Legal Actions
You maintain the responsibility to initiate, consider or participate in any bankruptcy, class action or other
litigation against or involving any issuer of securities held in or formerly held in your account. We do not
assume any responsibility to, and do not, initiate, consider, or participate in any such matters on your
behalf or behalf of your account. This includes submitting proofs of claims in bankruptcies or class
action litigation, which remains your or your custodian’s responsibility.
Voting Client Securities
Unless otherwise instructed by you in writing, we act as your agent to exercise all voting rights in
connection with securities held in your account and to receive proxy statements and other materials sent
by issuers of those securities to the beneficial owners. When establishing new accounts or entering into
arrangements for new Wrap Programs, we instruct the relevant custodian or Wrap Program sponsor to set
up arrangements with our third-party proxy-voting agent, ProxyEdge, to help ensure that we receive
notice of the relevant proxies sufficiently in advance of a meeting to allow us to vote. We are not
responsible for a custodian’s or Wrap Program sponsor’s failure to properly set up these arrangements.
We vote proxies in the best interests of our clients as shareholders and in a manner that we believe
maximizes the economic value of their holdings. Our proxy voting policies and procedures set forth
general guidelines for voting proxies, but we evaluate each proposal on its merits. Our proxy voting
procedures for companies held in our Climate-Related strategies (see page 15) differ from those applied
to our other strategies.
If you wish to direct the voting of your securities in respect of a particular solicitation, you may do so by
providing us with timely written instructions. We only agree to this type of direction on a best efforts
basis, and to the extent consistent with our fiduciary duties and regulatory obligations.
You may ask your client service representative or you may write to us at the address on page 1 of this
Brochure for additional information on how we voted your securities, as well as our Proxy Voting Policies
and Procedures. Harding Loevner provides quarterly and annual summaries of our proxy voting activities
to clients upon request.
Conflicts of Interest
We recognize that there may be potential conflicts of interest between our interests and your interests if,
for example, we have a client or other business relationship with an issuer. We have policies and
procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to manage the conflicts of interest created by those
business relationships.
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We use Glass Lewis to provide unbiased voting recommendations, and our proxy voting decisions are
subject to review and oversight by, and regular reporting to, our clients. We defer to Glass Lewis’
recommendation if we identify a material conflict.
Other Proxy Issues
We may be unable to vote, or may decide not to vote, a proxy on behalf of one or more clients. For
example, a vote might not be entered because the shares are on loan as part of your securities lending
program. In respect of Wrap Programs, we vote the shares visible to us on the voting platform, and rely
solely on the information provided by the sponsors without independent verification or reconciliation.
Certain countries require shareholders to stop trading securities for a period of time before and/or after a
shareholder meeting (“share blocking”). As a general matter, we do not vote securities in countries that
require share blocking because it limits us from exercising our investment discretion.
In addition, we may be unable to complete a thorough and informed review of the proxy materials if the
issuer does not provide the information in a timely fashion or if materials are not available in English. If
there is insufficient time to review the materials, we will vote in accordance with the Glass Lewis
recommendations. We also may determine that the cost of executing the proxy exceeds the benefits to
your account. As a general matter, we do not vote securities in countries that require the client to execute
a power of attorney. Additionally, we generally do not vote securities in markets that require the
disclosure of client-identifying information for clients who are individuals.
Financial Information
We do not have any financial condition that impairs our ability to meet our contractual and fiduciary
commitments to our clients. We have not been the subject of any bankruptcy proceeding.
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Services and Compensation Disclosure (ERISA)
If the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) governs our duties to your pension or
retirement plan (or to a collective investment trust fund [see page 10] your plan invests in), consider the
disclosures described in this part (including the other documents mentioned in this part or elsewhere in
your IMA with Harding Loevner, or in your participation agreement for the Harding Loevner Collective
Investment Trust for Retirement Plans).
This part does not apply concerning an investment in shares of Harding, Loevner Funds, Inc. or another
SEC-registered investment company. Although we have duties under other law, a retirement plan’s
investment in SEC-registered fund shares does not make us an ERISA fiduciary or service provider.
Services
Our services provided to or concerning a plan are as stated by the IMA, or as stated by our investment
advisory agreement with a collective trust fund’s trustee.
Status
We provide those services directly to the plan (or to the collective investment trust) as an investment
adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and as a fiduciary (within the meaning of
ERISA) to the extent of the account and our services provided by the IMA or other agreement.
Direct compensation
Our direct compensation is as stated in the IMA or other agreement. For a participating trust’s investment
under the Harding Loevner Collective Investment Trust for Retirement Plans, our compensation is
described in your participation agreement and its fee schedule.
Indirect compensation
We might receive research or other products or services other than execution (which the Securities and
Exchange Commission calls “soft dollar benefits”) from a broker-dealer or another person concerning the
plan’s or collective trust’s and other clients’ securities transactions. For more information, please read
about our “Soft Dollar Policy” [page 24]. The payers of soft dollar benefits could include every broker-
dealer that effects a securities transaction for your plan or its trust. The services for which indirect
compensation is received are the services provided under the IMA or other agreement. Presenting this
disclosure does not mean we concede that soft dollar benefits is compensation.
Compensation paid among related persons
Except as described by the preceding paragraph, we will not, concerning our services under the IMA or
other agreement, pay to an affiliate or a subcontractor compensation set on a transaction basis or charged
directly against the plan’s investment and reflected in the net value of the investment.
Manner of receipt
If you use a separately managed account, our direct compensation is billed and collected from the plan’s
assets as provided by the IMA. If you invest through a collective investment trust, our direct
compensation is billed and collected from that trust’s assets. Soft dollar benefits are provided by the
broker-dealers.
Compensation for termination of contract or arrangement
An IMA does not provide us compensation that results because of either party’s termination of the IMA.
We remain entitled to compensation that accrued before the effective time of the IMA’s termination.
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