Overview
- Headquarters
- Clackamas, OR
- Total Firm Assets
- $381 million
- Average High-Net-Worth Client Portfolio Size
- $3.2 million
- Minimum Account Size
- $250,000
Fee Structure
Primary Fee Schedule (IMS CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC - FORM ADV 2A FIRM BROCHURE)
| Min | Max | Marginal Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $0 | $1,500,000 | 1.00% |
| $1,500,001 | $3,000,000 | 0.85% |
| $3,000,001 | $5,000,000 | 0.75% |
| $5,000,001 | $15,000,000 | 0.65% |
| $15,000,001 | and above | 0.50% |
Illustrative Fee Rates
| Total Assets | Annual Fees | Average Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $1 million | $10,000 | 1.00% |
| $5 million | $42,750 | 0.86% |
| $10 million | $75,250 | 0.75% |
| $50 million | $282,750 | 0.57% |
| $100 million | $532,750 | 0.53% |
Clients
- High-Net-Worth Share of Firm Assets
- 51.61%
- Number of High-Net-Worth Clients
- 62
- Total Client Accounts
- 556
- Discretionary Accounts
- 499
- Non-Discretionary Accounts
- 57
Services Offered
Services: Financial Planning, Portfolio Management for Individuals, Portfolio Management for Companies, Portfolio Management for Institutional Clients, Pension Consulting, Educational Seminars
Regulatory Filings
- SEC CRD Number
- 105939
Additional Brochure: IMS CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC - FORM ADV 2A FIRM BROCHURE (2026-08-19)
View Document Text
Item 1: Cover Page
IMS Capital Management LLC
9200 SE Sunnybrook Boulevard
Suite 170
Clackamas, Oregon 97015
(503) 788-4200
www.imscapital.com
www.imsfunds.com
Building Wealth Wisely®
FORM ADV PART 2A
FIRM BROCHURE
August 19, 2026
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of IMS
Capital Management LLC (“IMS”). If you have any questions about the contents of this
brochure, please contact us at (503) 788-4200. The information in this brochure has not
been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”)
or by any state securities authority.
Please note that the use of the term “registered investment advisor” and description of our
firm and/or our associates as “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Clients are encouraged to review this brochure and any brochure supplements (“brochure
supplements”) for more information on the qualifications of our firm and our associates.
Additional information about IMS (CRD #105939) also is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
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Item 2: Material Changes
We have made the following material changes to this brochure since the prior annual
updating amendment dated March 31, 2026:
• On September 26, 2025, IMS corporate structure was converted from an Oregon
corporation to an Oregon limited liability company. The new name of our firm is IMS
Capital Management LLC (“IMS”).
•
Items 5 and 10: On October 1, 2025, Pinnacle Wealth Advisors, LLC (“PWA”), an
investment advisor registered with the SEC also located in the Portland area, acquired
ownership of IMS. PWA itself is owned by Pinnacle Wealth Holdings, Inc. (87%)
(“PWH”) and IMS Holdco Inc. (13%) (“IMSH”). PWH is majority owned by Aaron
Christopherson, with minority interest held by Randy Gay and Brian Timm. IMSH is
majority owned by Carl Marker, with minority interest held by Chris Magana. PWA
intends to continue to operate IMS under its current SEC registration for an interim
period while integrating IMS staff and migrating IMS clients to PWA. During this
period, certain associated persons of PWA and IMS will be dually registered as
investment advisor representatives of both firms.
• Our firm’s Chief Compliance Officer is Adam Gladstone.
• Our principal office address changed to 9200 SE Sunnybrook Boulevard, Suite 170,
Clackamas, Oregon 97015.
•
Items 5, 10, and 11: These items have been amended to disclose the existence of an
affiliated pooled private investment vehicle (“Affiliated Fund”) that IMS recommends
to clients and the dual role of certain of IMS’s associated persons with respect to the
entities that own, sponsor, and manage the Affiliated Fund’s affairs (collectively,
“Fund Management Affiliates”). These items now disclose certain conflicts of interest
arising in connection with the foregoing arrangements. Clients are urged to carefully
consider this information prior to agreeing to invest in the Affiliated Fund.
•
Item 6 has been amended to disclose that IMS, through its affiliation with PWA and
the Affiliated Fund, engages in side-by-side management of accounts and the related
conflicts of interest.
•
Item 15 has been amended to disclose that IMS is deemed to have custody of client
assets that are invested in the Affiliated Fund. Please see Item 15 for a discussion of
the additional safeguarding procedures followed by IMS with respect to these client
assets.
We will update this brochure and disclose in this Item 2 the occurrence of any material
changes with respect to our business in accordance with applicable law. All current clients
will receive a Summary of Material Changes to this and subsequent brochures within 120
days of the close of our fiscal year and certain additional updates regarding changes with
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is also
respect to our firm and our business practices as they may occur. Updated information
concerning these changes will be provided to you free of charge. A Summary of Material
Changes
included within our brochure found on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. You can obtain additional information about our firm by searching
for us on the foregoing website by our firm name or by our unique IARD/CRD number
#105939.
Currently, our brochure may be requested by contacting Adam Gladstone, Chief Compliance
Officer, at (503) 788-4200. Upon request, a copy of this brochure will be provided to you free
of charge.
Item 3. Table of Contents
Item 1: Cover Page ................................................................................................................................................ 1
Item 2: Material Changes ................................................................................................................................... 2
Item 3. Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................... 3
Item 4. Advisory Business ................................................................................................................................. 3
Item 5. Fees and Compensation....................................................................................................................... 4
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ..................................................... 7
Item 7. Types of Clients ....................................................................................................................................... 9
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategy and Risk of Loss ................................................. 9
Item 9. Disciplinary Information .................................................................................................................. 16
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ........................................................... 16
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading ................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Item 12. Brokerage Practices ........................................................................................................................ 20
Item 13. Review of Accounts ......................................................................................................................... 22
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation .............................................................................. 22
Item 15. Custody ................................................................................................................................................. 23
Item 16. Investment Discretion .................................................................................................................... 24
Item 17. Voting Client Securities .................................................................................................................. 24
Item 18. Financial Information ..................................................................................................................... 25
Item 4. Advisory Business
IMS Capital Management LLC (“IMS,” “firm,” “we,” “our,” and “us”) is an Oregon limited
liability company registered as an investment advisor with the SEC. IMS was founded by
Carl Marker in May 1988. IMS is owned by Pinnacle Wealth Advisors, LLC (“PWA”), an
investment advisor registered with the SEC. PWA itself is owned by Pinnacle Wealth
Holdings, Inc. (87%) (“PWH”) and IMS Holdco Inc. (13%) (“IMSH”). PWH is majority owned
by Aaron Christopherson, with minority interest held by Randy Gay and Brian Timm. IMSH
is majority owned by Carl Marker, with minority interest held by Chris Magana. Mr. Marker
will continue to serve as Chief Investment Officer of IMS.
IMS primarily provides financial planning, portfolio management, wealth management
services, pension consulting services, educational seminars and workshops, and
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newsletter/periodical publications to individuals, high net worth individuals, investment
companies, pension and profit-sharing plans, charitable organizations,
insurance
companies, and other companies (“client,” “you,” and “your”).
IMS is provided with financial and investment information by its clients to assist IMS in the
selection of suitable investments. Recommendations made to clients are based on the
specific goals, risk tolerance, tax status and financial situation of the client, as
communicated by our clients to us. Clients may restrict investment in certain securities or
types of securities unless they are invested in one of the three mutual funds managed by
IMS.
The investments offered by IMS are primarily through four different strategies; a Capital
Value Strategy and a Strategic Income Strategy, each offered through a mutual fund (IMSCX
and IMSIX, collectively referred to herein as the “IMS Funds”), or through separately
managed accounts; and a Strategic Allocation Program (SAP) offered only through
separately managed accounts. Depending on the client’s financial circumstances, we may
also recommend other instruments, including, without limitation, certain alternative
investments, including a privately offered fund which is affiliated with IMS (“Affiliated
Fund”). Please see Items 5 and 6 for a discussion of certain conflicts of interest related to
our recommendation of our Affiliated Fund to clients.
As of December 31, 2025, IMS had assets under management in the approximate amount
of $380,938,794. Of that amount, approximately $10,400,043 were non-discretionary
assets and approximately $370,538,751 were discretionary assets.
Item 5. Fees and Compensation
Our Standard Fee Schedule is generally as follows:
Total Assets Under Management Per Acct Annual Management
$0 to $1,500,000
$1,500,001 to $3,000,000
$3,000,001 to $5,000,000
$5,000,001 to $15,000,000
$15,000,001 to $25,000,000
Fee
1.00%
0.85%
0.75%
0.65%
0.50%
The management fee schedule is used for the majority of accounts and the minimum
account size is generally $250,000; however, both are negotiable, at our discretion. The
minimum account size may be lower on various separate account turnkey platforms, where
service and distribution are provided by a third party.
Clients pay a quarterly, semi-annual, or annual fee to IMS for its services; the management
fee can be deducted from the client’s account or billed directly to the client. Fees are based
on the stated percentage of the total value of accounts under management.
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The management fee is calculated usually in one way. IMS shall determine the fair market
value of assets held in the client’s account on a daily basis, multiply the average daily value
for the prior month by the yearly management fee divided by twelve. The quarterly fee is
then calculated by summing up the three trailing monthly fees. These calculations are done
for fees paid in arrears.
In the event a client closes or transfers out their account, the bill will be calculated on a
prorated basis. Holdings in the IMS Funds are charged at the expense ratio for each fund
and are not billed additionally by IMS at the fee schedule published above. The expense
ratio is available in the IMS Fund’s prospectus.
Management fees are not contingent upon investment results, usually. Fees are negotiable
and may vary based on account size, type of investments, how active the account is, any
specialized services requested, etc. IMS may provide financial planning and investment
consultation services on an hourly basis, for a flat fee or on a retainer basis. IMS generally
bills for these services at a rate of $90 per hour. Flat and retainer fees are determined by
the number of hours that are anticipated for the project. Fees are agreed upon in advance
and are based on the nature of the services to be performed.
Other fees the client might incur include: (i) annual account fees or other administrative
fees, such as wire fees, charged by your custodian or broker-dealer; (ii) underwriting or
dealer concessions or related compensation in connection with securities acquired in
underwritten offerings; (iii) certain odd lot differentials, transfer taxes, brokerage fees,
transaction fees, transaction fees mandated by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, postage
and handling fees, and charges imposed by law with regard to transactions in the client’s
account; and (iv) advisory fees and expenses of mutual funds (including money market
funds), ETFs, closed-end investment companies or other managed investments, if any are
held in client’s account.
Dual Registration of Investment Advisor Representatives. On October 1, 2025, PWA
acquired ownership of IMS. IMS is an affiliate of PWA by virtue of shared management and
control. PWA intends to continue to operate IMS under its current SEC registration for an
interim period while integrating IMS staff and migrating IMS clients to PWA. For purposes
of client account administration and to ensure the orderly transition of client accounts from
IMS, certain associated persons of PWA and IMS will be dually registered as investment
advisor representatives of both firms. It is expected that such dually registered persons
will recommend that clients of IMS migrate their accounts to PWA in the future, as PWA
and IMS seek to consolidate their respective investment advisory businesses over time.
PWA does not expect to recommend that clients engage the services of IMS. The dual
registration of our personnel is expected to terminate after the interim period.
Compensation for Sales of Securities. Neither our firm, nor any of our associated persons,
receive or accept any direct compensation in connection with the sale of any securities to
clients. However, clients are advised that certain associated persons of IMS, namely Messrs.
Christopherson, Gay, Marker, Magana, and Timm, will benefit and receive additional
compensation indirectly as a result of IMS’s recommendation and sale of certain privately
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offered securities to advisory clients. Specifically, where appropriate, IMS may recommend
to clients the purchase of interests of PWA Strategic Investment Fund, LLC (the “Affiliated
Fund”), an affiliated pooled private investment vehicle that is sponsored and managed by
PWA GP, LLC (“PWA GP”) and/or other entities that are affiliated with PWA by means of
shared ownership and control (such entities, collectively with PWA GP, the “Fund
Management Affiliates”). In addition, the Affiliated Fund is advised by PWA and pays an
advisory fee to PWA in connection with such services. The advice PWA provides to its
Affiliated Fund is tailored to the investment objectives of the Fund, not any individual
investor in the Affiliated Fund. PWA is the owner of IMS and PWA and IMS are indirectly
owned by Messrs. Christopherson, Gay, Marker, Magana, and Timm.
Generally, client investments in the Affiliated Fund will increase the amount of
compensation due the above referenced associated persons by virtue of their ownership,
control, and/or management of the Fund Management Affiliates, thus creating a conflict of
interest. For additional details regarding this conflict of interest and how IMS mitigates it,
please see Items 10 and 11 of this brochure. Clients are never obligated to purchase
interests in the Affiliated Fund.
Individual Retirement Account Rollover Disclosure. As part of our investment advisory
services to you, we may recommend that you roll assets from your employer’s retirement
plan, such as a 401(k), 457, or ERISA 403(b) account (collectively, a “Plan Account”), to an
individual retirement account, such as a SIMPLE IRA, SEP IRA, Traditional IRA, or Roth IRA
(collectively, and “IRA Account”) that we will manage on your behalf. We may also
recommend rollovers from IRA Accounts to Plan Accounts, from Plan Accounts to Plan
Accounts, and from IRA Accounts to IRA Accounts. When we provide any of the foregoing
rollover recommendations we are acting as fiduciaries within the meaning of Title I of the
ERISA and/or the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”), as applicable, which are laws governing
retirement accounts.
If you elect to roll the assets to an IRA that is subject to our management, we will charge
you an asset-based fee as set forth in the advisory agreement you executed with our firm.
This creates a conflict of interest because it creates a financial incentive for our firm to
recommend the rollover to you (i.e., receipt of additional fee-based compensation). You are
under no obligation, contractually or otherwise, to complete the rollover. Moreover, if you
do complete the rollover, you are under no obligation to have the assets in an IRA managed
by our firm. Due to the foregoing conflict of interest, when we make rollover
recommendations, we operate under a special rule that requires us to act in your best
interest and not put our interest ahead of yours.
Under this special rule’s provisions, we must:
• meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations
(give prudent advice);
• never put our financial interests ahead of yours when making recommendations
(give loyal advice);
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• avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
•
follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is in your
best interest;
• charge no more than a reasonable fee for our services; and
• give you basic information about conflicts of interest.
Many employers permit former employees to keep their retirement assets in their company
plan. Also, current employees can sometimes move assets out of their company plan before
they retire or change jobs. In determining whether to complete the rollover to an IRA, and
to the extent the following options are available, you should consider the costs and benefits
of a rollover.
Note that an employee will typically have four options in this situation:
1. leaving the funds in your employer’s (former employer’s) plan;
2. moving the funds to a new employer’s retirement plan;
3. cashing out and taking a taxable distribution from the plan; or
4. rolling the funds into an IRA rollover account.
Each of these options has positives and negatives. Because of that, along with the
importance of understanding the differences between these types of accounts, we will
provide you with a written explanation of the advantages and disadvantages of both
account types and the basis for our belief that the rollover transaction we recommend is in
your best interests.
See also Item 10 of this brochure regarding other financial industry activities and
affiliations.
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Performance-based fees are fees that are based on a share of capital gains or capital
appreciation experienced in a client’s account. We charge performance-based fees only to
“qualified clients” as that term is defined under Rule 205-3 of the Investment Advisers Act
of 1940, or as otherwise permitted under applicable state law. Under current law, a
qualified client generally includes any client having a net worth of greater than $2,700,000
or who places at least $1,400,000 under the management of IMS immediately after entering
an agreement for advisory services. IMS currently has a single client who is subject to a
performance-based fee arrangement. This arrangement creates certain conflicts of interest
that clients should consider when engaging our firm for investment advisory services.
These conflicts are described below in this Item 6.
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Performance-based fee arrangements create an incentive for IMS to make investments that
are riskier or more speculative than would be the case absent such arrangements. In order
to address this potential conflict of interest, we periodically review portfolios that are
subject to performance-based fees to ensure that the underlying investments are suitable
and in line with the client’s stated investment objectives and limitations.
Performance-based fees also create an incentive for IMS to overvalue investments which
lack a market quotation. While IMS does not expected in invest in any instruments lacking
readily available market quotations, we have addressed this potential conflict by adopting
policies and procedures that require that we “fairly value” investments that do not have a
readily ascertainable value.
Clients should further consider that our performance fee calculation includes unrealized
appreciation on open positions held in the client’s account at the conclusion of the billing
period. It is important to understand that such appreciation may never be realized by the
client. For example, if at the end of a period the client’s account had unrealized profits on
open positions, IMS would receive a performance fee based on such unrealized profits.
Following payment of the performance fee, those open positions might, due to adverse
market conditions or other reasons, be closed out at no profit or even at a loss;
nevertheless, IMS would retain the entire performance fee paid.
Side-by-side management refers to the practice of managing accounts that are charged
performance-based fees while at the same time managing accounts that are not charged
performance-based fees (e.g., accounts subject only to asset-based management fees). We
manage accounts that are charged performance-based fees while at the same time
managing accounts (with the same investment objectives) that are not charged
performance-based fees. Therefore, IMS engages in the practice of side-by-side
management of accounts.
Side-by-side management provides an incentive for IMS to favor accounts for which we
receive a performance-based fee. For example, we may have an incentive to allocate limited
investment opportunities with higher upside potential to clients who are charged
performance-based fees over clients who are charged asset-based management fees only.
To address this conflict of interest, we have instituted policies and procedures that require
the firm to allocate investment opportunities (if they are suitable) in an effort to avoid
favoritism among our clients, regardless of whether the client is charged performance-
based fees.
Affiliated Fund Performance Allocation. Clients are advised that IMS’s (and PWA’s) affiliate,
PWA GP, as the general partner to the Affiliated Fund, is entitled to collect compensation
that is based upon a share of the capital appreciation of the assets contained within the
Affiliated Fund (a “Fund Performance Allocation”). IMS’s affiliate, PWA, provides
discretionary asset management services to the Affiliated Fund. Certain advisory clients of
IMS may elect at their discretion to invest in the Affiliated Fund. The eligibility of PWA GP
to collect the Fund Performance Allocation while IMS manages client accounts that are
subject only to asset-based fees is a form of side-by-side management of accounts.
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Performance-based fees and side-by-side management of accounts create the following
conflicts of interest which clients should consider before investing in the Affiliated Fund:
The Fund Performance Allocation creates an incentive for IMS’s affiliate, PWA, to make
investments within the Affiliated Fund that are riskier or more speculative than would be
the case absent such arrangements. In order to address this conflict of interest, IMS will
only recommend investment in the Affiliated Fund to clients when such recommendation
is suitable and in the client’s best interests.
• The Fund Performance Allocation creates an incentive for IMS’s affiliate, PWA, to
overvalue holdings within the portfolio of the Affiliated Fund where such holdings
lack a market quotation. In order to address this conflict of interest, IMS has adopted
policies and procedures that require it to “fairly value” any such investments.
• Side-by-side management provides an incentive for IMS’s affiliate, PWA, to favor
accounts for which its affiliate, PPWA GP, will receive the Fund Performance
Allocation. For example, PWA has an incentive to allocate limited investment
opportunities with higher upside potential to the Affiliated Fund, in view of the
opportunity for its affiliate to collect the Fund Performance Allocation.
Item 7. Types of Clients
IMS offers investment advice and wealth management services to; individuals, high net
worth individuals, insurance companies, investment companies, pension and profit-
sharing plans, trusts, estates, charitable organizations, corporations and other business
entities. Account minimums start at $250,000 but are negotiable.
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategy and Risk of Loss
instruments,
As set forth above, the investments offered by IMS are primarily through four different
strategies; a Capital Value Strategy, a Dividend Growth Strategy and a Strategic Income
Strategy, each offered through the IMS Funds and/or through separately managed
accounts; and a Strategic Allocation Program (SAP) offered only through separately
managed accounts. Depending on the client’s financial circumstances, we may also
recommend other
limitation, certain alternative
including, without
investments, including our Affiliated Fund. IMS will also develop a customized portfolio of
fixed income and/or equity securities designed to meet the specific needs of the client. The
methods of analysis include fundamental research, cyclical analysis as well as use of
quantitative tools and investment approach.
The Capital Value Strategy’s investment objective is growth. The portfolio invests in 40 to
60 domestic, seasoned and undervalued, primarily mid-cap and large-cap stocks, which
have positive momentum characteristics. Stocks are carefully researched using proprietary
tools and must fit into at least one of seven strategic focus areas.
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The Strategic Income Strategy’s investment objective is high current income. The portfolio
invests primarily in bonds, yet it may hold other income-producing securities such as
preferred stocks, dividend–paying common stocks, income trusts, REITs, etc. for
opportunistic reasons. Bonds can be any maturity; however, the strategy generally has less
exposure to rising interest rates than a typical bond fund. Dividends from the IMS Strategic
Income Fund (IMSIX) are paid monthly.
The Strategic Allocation Program Strategy’s investment objective is long-term growth. Risk
is managed through diversification, the level of fixed income exposure and rebalancing
adjustments that center around the seasonally strong and weak market cycles. A
proprietary screening tool is used to select fund managers or ETFs across all major market
capitalizations (small, mid and large-cap), investment styles (growth and value), domestic
and international, which may include stocks, bonds, precious metals and REITs.
Each strategy retains market, interest rate and reinvestment risk. Also, our strategies are
tilted towards value (over growth) which also is cyclical. Performance may be more volatile
if a client’s account employs margin.
The firm's research process employs a scoring model used to evaluate all companies on a
consistent basis and a similar model for mutual funds and ETFs. Factors in the models
include; fundamental financial ratios, organic growth, debt to equity levels, analyst
sentiment, PEG ratios, percent down from high, capital expenditures (intensity & trend),
reason for decline, product cycle length, seasoning (elapsed time since decline), repurchase
cycle length, earnings surprises, barriers to competition, earnings revisions, immunity to
product obsolescence, catalysts, expense ratios, earning ratios, sales charges (loads),
manager duration, pre-tax total return, best and worst quarter, after-tax total yield,
portfolio turnover and fund flow.
The firm employs a number of different sources for research including but not limited to
financial newspapers and magazines, research materials prepared by others, corporate
rating services, timing services, annual reports, prospectuses, filings with the SEC, company
press releases, analysis tools, and networks integrating data, news and analytics.
IMS has been retained as investment manager to the IMS Funds and, subject to the
authorization of the Trusts' Board of Trustees, provides a continuous program of
supervision for the Funds' assets. Under its Investment Advisory Agreement with the IMS
Funds, IMS is entitled to compensation for its management services to the IMS Funds, based
on the IMS Funds' daily average net assets at the annual average rates, which are identified
in the IMS Funds' prospectuses. The IMS retirement plan, principals of IMS, and employees
of IMS may be shareholders of the IMS Funds. IMS may recommend to current and
prospective clients that they invest in the IMS Funds as an alternative to a separately
managed account.
Investors choosing to invest in alternative investments, including, without limitation, our
Affiliated Fund, face the potential risk of loss of principal, interest, or both. Alternative
investments are typically illiquid and carry company specific interest rates and economic
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risk. They also typically involve various internal charges and costs of participation which
are higher, and which are not typically associated with investments in public (market-
traded) securities, such as administration, audit, redemption, and accounting fees, and
various other fees and costs. Alternative investments could see investor principal tied up
for longer than the stated investment period and a worst case scenario may see investors
losing some or all of their principal.
More generally, clients are advised that alternative investments involve a substantially
higher degree of risk and are more speculative than public (market-traded) securities. They
are not appropriate for all clients. You should be financially capable of accepting an
extremely high degree of risk and should have significant resources beyond those invested
in any alternative investment or privately offered security. Stated differently, your
alternative investments should purely represent “risk capital” within your overall
investment portfolio, the complete loss of which would have insubstantial effect on your
overall financial circumstances and financial goals. Clients are urged to carefully review any
disclosure documents, operating agreements, subscription materials, private placement
memoranda, prospectuses and similar documentation provided by the issuers of private
securities with their independent legal and tax advisors before investing.
Investors must be aware that our strategies do not alleviate all investment risk. We use our
best judgment in the management we provide our clients, based on their stated risk
tolerance and investment objectives in line with our role as your fiduciary. You should
understand that typically, the higher the expected return of a portfolio, the higher the risk
of volatility and loss.
Risk of Loss
All investing and trading activities involve a risk of loss, including the potential loss of
capital. Although IMS will attempt to moderate these risks, no assurance can be given that
the investment activities of an account we advise will achieve the investment objectives of
such account or avoid losses. Past performance is not an indicator of future results. Direct
and indirect investing in securities involves risk of loss that you should be prepared to bear.
IMS does not represent or guarantee that our services or methods of analysis can or will
predict future results, successfully identify market tops or bottoms, or insulate you from
losses due to market corrections or declines. IMS cannot offer any guarantees or promises
that your financial goals and objectives will be met.
The information included in this brochure does not include every potential risk associated
with an investment strategy, technique or type of security applicable to a particular client
account. You are encouraged to ask questions regarding risks applicable to a particular
strategy or investment product and read all product-specific risk disclosures. It is your
responsibility to give us complete information and to notify IMS of any changes in financial
circumstances or goals.
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Description of Material, Significant or Unusual Risks
There are certain additional risks associated when investing in securities; including, but
not limited to:
• Market Risk: Either the stock market as a whole, or the value of an individual
company, goes down resulting in a decrease in the value of client investments.
This is also referred to as systemic risk.
•
Inflation Risk: IMS’s portfolios face inflation risk, which results from the
variation in the value of cash flows from a financial instrument due to inflation,
as measured in terms of purchasing power. When inflation is present, a dollar
today will not buy as much as a dollar next year, because purchasing power is
eroding at the rate of inflation.
•
Interest Rate Risk: The price of most fixed income securities moves in the
opposite direction of the change in interest rates. For example, as interest rates
rise, the prices of fixed income securities fall. If the firm holds a fixed income
security to maturity, the change in its price before maturity may have little
impact on the firm portfolios’ performance. However, if the firm determines to
sell the fixed income security before the maturity date, an increase in interest
rates could result in a loss.
• Equity (stock) market risk: Common stocks are susceptible to general stock
market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market
confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. If you held common
stock, or common stock equivalents, of any given issuer, you would generally
be exposed to greater risk than if you held preferred stocks and debt
obligations of the issuer.
• Company Risk: When investing in stock positions, there is always a certain level
of company or industry specific risk that is inherent in each investment. This is
also referred to as unsystematic risk and can be reduced through appropriate
diversification. There is the risk that the company will perform poorly or have
its value reduced based on factors specific to the company or its industry. For
example, if a company’s employees go on strike or the company receives
unfavorable media attention for its actions, the value of the company may be
reduced.
• Liquidity Risk: Certain assets may not be readily converted into cash or may
have a very limited market in which they trade. You may experience the risk
that your investment or assets within your investment may not be able to be
liquidated quickly, thus, extending the period of time by which you may receive
the proceeds from your investment. Liquidity risk can also result in
unfavorable pricing when exiting (i.e., not being able to quickly get out of an
investment before the price drops significantly) a particular investment and
therefore can have a negative impact on investment returns.
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• ETF and Mutual Fund Risk: When investing in an ETF or mutual fund, a client
will bear additional expenses based on the client’s pro rata share of the ETF’s
or mutual fund’s operating expenses, including the potential duplication of
management fees. The risk of owning an ETF or mutual fund generally reflects
the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF or mutual fund holds.
Clients will also incur brokerage costs when purchasing ETFs.
• Risks Associated with Fixed Income: When investing in fixed income
instruments such as bonds or notes, the issuer may default on the bond and be
unable to make payments. Further, interest rates may increase, and the
principal value of your investment may decrease. Individuals who depend on
set amounts of periodically paid income face the risk that inflation will erode
their spending power.
• Reinvestment Risk: This is the risk that future proceeds from investments may
have to be reinvested at a potentially lower rate of return (i.e., interest rate).
This primarily relates to bonds.
• Call Risk: Bonds that are callable carry an additional risk because they may be
called prior to maturity depending on current interest rates thereby increasing
the likelihood that reinvestment risk may be realized.
• Credit Risk: The price of a bond depends on the issuer’s credit rating, or
perceived ability to pay its debt obligations. Consequently, increases in an
issuer’s credit risk, may negatively impact the value of a bond investment.
• Options Risk: Options on securities may be subject to greater fluctuations in
value than an investment in the underlying securities. Purchasing and writing
put, and call options are highly specialized activities and entail greater than
ordinary investment risks.
• Speculation Risk: The commodities markets are populated by traders whose
primary interest is in making short‐term profits by speculating whether the
price of a security will go up or go down. The speculative actions of these
traders may increase market volatility that could drive down the prices of
commodities.
• Geopolitical Risk: The risk an investment's returns could suffer as a result of
political changes or instability in a country. Instability affecting investment
returns could stem from a change in government, legislative bodies, other
foreign policy makers or military control.
• Currency Risk: Overseas investments are subject to fluctuations in the value of
the dollar against the currency of the investment’s originating country. This is
also referred to as exchange rate risk.
• Foreign Market Risk: The securities markets of many foreign countries,
including emerging countries, have substantially less trading volume than the
securities markets of the United States, and securities of some foreign
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companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable
United States companies. As a result, foreign securities markets may be subject
to greater influence by adverse events generally affecting the market, by large
investors’ trading significant blocks of securities, or by large dispositions of
securities, than as it is in the United States. The limited liquidity of some foreign
markets may affect our ability to acquire or dispose of securities at a price and
time it believes is advisable. Further, many foreign governments are less stable
than that of the United States. There can be no assurance that any significant,
sustained instability would not increase the risks of investing in the securities
markets of certain countries.
• Counterparty and Broker Credit Risk: Certain assets will be exposed to the
credit risk of the counterparties when engaging in exchange‐traded or off‐
exchange transactions. There may be a risk of loss of assets on deposit with or
in the custody of a broker in the event of the broker’s bankruptcy, the
bankruptcy of any clearing broker through which the broker executes and
clears transactions, or the bankruptcy of an exchange clearinghouse.
• Leverage Risk: Although IMS does not typically employ leverage in the
implementation of its investment strategies, some ETPs and CEFs employ
leverage. IMS does have a few clients that use margins periodically. Leverage
increases returns to investors if the investment strategy earns a greater return
on leveraged investments than the strategy’s cost of such leverage. However,
the use of leverage exposes investors to additional levels of risk and loss that
could be substantial.
• Market Volatility: The profitability of the portfolios substantially depends upon
the firm correctly assessing the future price movements of stocks, bonds,
options on stocks, and other securities and the movements of interest rates.
The firm cannot guarantee that it will be successful in accurately predicting
price and interest rate movements.
• Management Risk: Your investments will vary with the success and failure of
our investment strategies, research, analysis and determination of portfolio
securities. If you implement our financial planning recommendations and our
investment strategies do not produce the expected results, you may not achieve
your objectives.
• Force Majeure Events Risk: This is the risk that there may be an act of God,
terrorist act, global health pandemic, failure of utilities or other similar
circumstance not within the reasonable control of the Program that may have
an unknown and potentially catastrophic effect on the global markets.
• Accuracy of Public Information: IMS selects investments, in part, on the basis
of information and data filed by issuers with various government regulators or
made directly available to IMS by the issuers or through sources other than the
issuers. Although IMS evaluates all such information and data and sometimes
seeks independent corroboration when it is considered appropriate and
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reasonably available, the firm is not in a position to confirm the completeness,
genuineness, or accuracy of such information and data. In some cases, complete
and accurate information is not available.
• Trading Limitations: For all securities, instruments and/or assets listed on an
exchange, including options listed on a public exchange, the exchange generally
has the right to suspend or limit trading under certain circumstances. Such
suspensions or limits could render certain strategies difficult to complete or
continue and subject the account to loss. Also, such a suspension could render
it impossible for the firm to liquidate positions and thereby expose the Client
account to potential losses.
• Recommendation of Particular Types of Securities: In some cases, the firm
recommends mutual funds. There are several risks involved with these funds.
These funds have portfolio managers that trade the fund’s investments in
agreement with the fund’s objective and in line with the fund prospectus.
• While these investments generally provide diversification there are some risks
involved especially if the fund is concentrated in a particular sector of the
market, uses leverage, or concentrates in a certain type of security (i.e., foreign
equities). The returns on mutual funds can be reduced by the costs to manage
the funds. And the shares rise and fall in value according to the supply and
demand. Open end funds may have a diluted effect on other investors’ interest
due to the structure of the fund while closed end funds have limited shares
which rise and fall in value according to supply and demand in the market. In
addition, closed end funds are priced daily and as a result they may trade
differently than the daily net asset value (NAV).
• Firm’s Investment Activities: IMS’s investment activities involve a significant
degree of risk. The performance of any investment is subject to numerous
factors which are neither within the control of nor predictable by the firm. Such
factors include a wide range of economic, political, competitive and other
conditions (including acts of terrorism and war) that may affect investments in
general or specific industries or companies. The markets may be volatile, which
may adversely affect the ability of the firm to realize profits on behalf of its
Clients. As a result of the nature of the firm’s investing activities, it is possible
that the firm’s results may fluctuate substantially from period to period.
• Material Non-Public Information: By reason of their responsibilities in
connection with other activities of the firm and/or its principals or employees,
certain principals or employees of the firm and/or its affiliates may acquire
confidential or material non-public information or be restricted from initiating
transactions in certain securities. The firm will not be free to act upon any such
information. Due to these restrictions, the firm may not be able to initiate a
transaction that it otherwise might have initiated and may not be able to sell
an investment that it otherwise might have sold.
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• Legal and Regulatory Risks: The regulation of the U.S. and non-U.S. securities
and futures markets investment funds has undergone substantial change in
recent years and such change may continue. In particular, in light of the recent
market turmoil there have been numerous proposals, including bills that have
been introduced in the U.S. Congress, for substantial revisions to the regulation
of financial institutions generally. Some of the additional regulation includes
requirements that private fund managers register as investment advisers
under the Advisers Act and disclose various information to regulators about
the positions, counterparties and other exposures of the private funds
managed by such managers. Further, the practice of short selling has been the
subject of numerous temporary restrictions, and similar restrictions may be
promulgated at any time. Such restrictions may adversely affect the returns of
Underlying Investment Funds that utilize short selling. The effect of such
regulatory change on the accounts and/or the underlying investment funds,
while impossible to predict, could be substantial and adverse.
Item 9. Disciplinary Information
There are no legal or disciplinary events that are material to the evaluation of our advisory
business or the integrity of our management.
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
On October 1, 2025, Pinnacle Wealth Advisors, LLC (“PWA”), an investment advisor
registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, acquired ownership of IMS. PWA
itself is owned by Pinnacle Wealth Holdings, Inc. (87%) (“PWH”) and IMS Holdco Inc.
(13%) (“IMSH”). PWH is majority owned by Aaron Christopherson, with minority interest
held by Randy Gay and Brian Timm. IMSH is majority owned by Carl Marker, with minority
interest held by Chris Magana. In connection with the IMS acquisition, PWA also acquired
two mutual funds managed by IMS; the IMS Capital Value Fund trading as IMSCX and the
IMS Strategic Income Fund trading as IMSIX. Both mutual funds are registered with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. PWA intends to continue to operate IMS under its
current SEC registration for an interim period while integrating IMS staff and migrating IMS
clients to PWA. During this period, certain associated persons of PWA and IMS will be dually
registered as investment advisor representatives of both firms.
IMS’s affiliate, PWA, provides financial consulting services to Romano Capital, Inc. and its
affiliates (collectively, “Romano Affiliates”) in exchange for a fixed annual consulting fee.
The Romano Affiliates own and control certain private funds (the “Romano Funds”) that
IMS may recommend for investment to its advisory clients. The Romano Funds include,
without limitation, Romano Capital Investment Fund, LLC, Capital Preservation 200, LLC,
and RCI Preserve, LLC. While the compensation PWA receives from the Romano Affiliates
for its services is not based on the amount of IMS advisory client capital invested in the
Romano Funds, the foregoing arrangement creates a conflict of interest, insofar as it creates
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a financial incentive for IMS’s recommendation of the Romano Funds to its clients. IMS will
only recommend investment in the Romano Funds to a client where suitable and in the
client’s best interests.
IMS’s affiliate, PWA, also provides financial consulting services to Cobalt Development, LLC
and its affiliates (collectively, “Cobalt Affiliates”) in exchange for a fixed annual consulting
fee. The Cobalt Affiliates own and control certain private funds (the “Cobalt Funds”) that
IMS may recommend for investment to its advisory clients. The Cobalt Funds include,
without limitation, Sprague, LLC, 1120 Madison, LLC, and HV Park Lane, LLC. While the
compensation PWA receives from the Cobalt Affiliates for its services is not based on the
amount of IMS advisory client capital invested in the Cobalt Funds, the foregoing
arrangement creates a conflict of interest, insofar as it creates a financial incentive for IMS’s
recommendation of the Cobalt Funds to its clients. PWA will only recommend investment
in the Cobalt Funds to a client where suitable and in the client’s best interests.
As described in Item 5 of this brochure, certain associated persons of IMS are also affiliated
with PWA’s Fund Management Affiliates, which in turn sponsor, manage, and/or advise the
Affiliated Fund. Conflicts of interest exist with respect to such persons’ allocation of their
time and effort to PWA’s advisory clients, the Fund Management Affiliates, and the
Affiliated Fund. For example, because the compensation these individuals receive as a
result of their efforts on behalf of PWA and the Fund Management Affiliates varies in
character (i.e., asset-based, performance-based, a combination of the two, etc.) and amount,
these individuals are incentivized to allocate more of their time and effort to one or more
entities over one or more others. For the same reason, these individuals are also
incentivized to allocate investments with higher upside potential to one or more entities
over one or more others.
Common personnel shared by IMS and the Fund Management Affiliates will, where in a
client’s best interests, recommend the purchase of the securities of the Affiliated Fund to
IMS’s advisory clients. Therefore, investors in the Affiliated Fund include advisory clients
of IMS. Should any advisory client invest in the Affiliated Fund, such shared personnel will
indirectly receive additional compensation as a result. Specifically, such clients will be
subject to certain allocations of profits and/or payments of management and other fees
payable and allocable to the Fund Management Affiliates. IMS’s shared personnel with the
Fund Management Affiliates will receive a portion of these fees and/or profit allocations.
Therefore, these individuals have a financial incentive to recommend investment in the
Affiliated Fund to advisory clients, rather than making such recommendations based solely
on the client’s best interests.
IMS mitigates the conflicts of interest related to having shared personnel with its Affiliated
Fund and the Fund Management Affiliates by requiring that its associated persons always
act in accordance with IMS’s code of ethics (discussed in Item 11 of this brochure) and from
principles of fair and equitable dealing and good faith with respect to all advisory clients.
Our personnel will only recommend investment in the Affiliated Fund to advisory clients
when they believe such recommendation is in-line with the fiduciary duty owed to the
client and the client’s investment objectives, needs, and tolerance for risk.
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Prior to making an investment in the Affiliated Fund (or any other private placement
recommended by IMS) clients are urged to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the
terms and conditions of the investment by reviewing the applicable private offering
memorandum, fund operating agreement, subscription documents, organizational
documents, and/or other important information regarding the investment objectives,
underlying investments, investment time-horizon, costs, fees, tax implications, and the
risks associated with participation in the subject fund. We always encourage clients to
review these documents with their independent legal and tax advisors.
Doug Kintzinger, an advisor of IMS currently sits on the Board of Directors for NextJob, Inc.
and Hampton Affiliates - all non-investment related, privately held companies. To the
extent there are any conflicts of interest between these entities and IMS and/or Doug
Kintzinger, such conflicts are disclosed.
IMS sponsored the organization of and has an active interest in the IMS Funds. The IMS
Funds are diversified, open-end series of 360 Funds, a Delaware statutory business trust
and are commonly referred to as mutual funds.
On occasion, IMS also acts as a consultant to retirement plans.
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
and Personal Trading
IMS has adopted a Code of Ethics (“Code”) for the purpose of instructing its personnel of
their ethical obligations and to provide rules for their personal securities transactions. IMS
and its personnel owe a duty of loyalty, fairness and good faith towards their clients, and
the obligation to adhere not only to the specific provisions of the Code but to the general
principles that guide the Code. The Code of Ethics covers a range of topics that includes
general ethical principles, reporting personal securities trading, exempted transactions,
prohibited purchases, reporting ethical violations, distribution of the Code of Ethics and
review and enforcement processes. IMS will provide a copy of the Code to any client or
prospective client upon request by contacting us by telephone at (503) 788-4200.
The owners and/or employees of IMS may own shares of the IMS Funds. Employees are
allowed to buy and sell securities that are held in IMS’ discretionary client accounts as long
as the employee adheres to the practices outlined in the “Transactions Involving Securities
Held in IMS Strategies” section of the Code. IMS recognizes that the personal investment
transactions of members and employees of our firm demand the application of a Code of
Ethics and require that all such transactions be carried out in a way that does not endanger
the interest of any client. At the same time, we believe that if investment goals are similar
for clients and for members and employees of our firm, it is logical and even desirable that
there be common ownership of some securities. Therefore, in order to prevent conflicts of
interest, we have in place a set of procedures (including a pre-clearing procedure) with
respect to transactions effected by our members, officers and employees for their personal
accounts. Employee trading in securities, other than those that meet the definition of
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exempt securities, require CCO pre-approval to trade. Policies and procedures have been
adopted to prevent the misuse of material non-public information and to detect and
prevent insider trading. IMS and its employees' transactions are monitored to ensure there
is no violation of these policies and procedures.
Further, in order to monitor compliance with our personal trading policy, IMS has a
quarterly securities transaction reporting system for all of our associates. Upon
employment or affiliation and at least annually thereafter, all supervised persons will sign
an acknowledgement that they have read, understand, and agree to comply with our Code
of Ethics. IMS also reserves the right to disapprove any proposed transaction that may have
the appearance of improper conduct.
IMS or individuals associated with IMS may buy and sell some of the same securities for its
own account that IMS buys and sells for its clients, subject to the timing limitations stated
in the Code.
As discussed in Items 5 and 10 of this brochure, IMS shares common management
personnel with the Fund Management Affiliates which sponsor, manage, and advise the
Affiliated Fund. Messrs. Christopherson, Gay, Marker, Magana, and Timm, through their
direct or indirect role as members and/or managers of the Fund Management Affiliates,
have material interest in the Affiliated Fund which could increase in value if their
recommendation or offering of interests of the Affiliated Fund is accepted by IMS’s advisory
clients. Therefore, these shared personal and IMS have a conflict of interest when
recommending or offering investments in the Affiliated Fund due to their material interests
in the Affiliated Fund. IMS mitigates this conflict of interest by disclosing it to clients and
disclosing that clients always have the right to decide whether to act on any
recommendation regarding the Affiliated Fund made by IMS. Our fiduciary obligation is to
always act and recommend investments that are in the client’s best interests. Clients are
never obligated to invest in the Affiliated Fund.
Except as disclosed in this Item 11, IMS and its associated persons do not recommend to
clients securities in which we have a material or proprietary financial interest. If an
instance should ever arise where the firm or its associated persons have a material financial
interest in a security recommended to clients, we will disclose the nature of the material
financial interest to you and obtain your informed consent and waiver of any related
conflict of interest.
Where appropriate, IMS will purchase a security for all of its existing accounts for which
the investment is appropriate before purchasing any of the securities for their own account
and, likewise, when it determines that securities should be sold, where appropriate will
cause these securities to be sold from all of its advisory accounts prior to permitting the
selling of the securities from its accounts. In some cases, IMS may buy or sell securities for
its own account for reasons not related to the strategies adopted by IMS’s clients. All buys
and sells in IMS's account must be cleared through the Chief Compliance Officer before they
are initiated.
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Item 12. Brokerage Practices
Except to the extent that the client directs otherwise, IMS may use its discretion in
recommending a broker-dealer. The client is not obligated to effect transactions through
any broker-dealer recommended by IMS. In recommending broker-dealers, IMS will
generally seek “best execution.” In recommending a broker-dealer, IMS will comply with its
fiduciary duty to obtain best execution and with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and
will take into account such relevant factors as (a) price, (b) the broker-dealer's facilities,
reliability and financial responsibility, (c) the ability of the broker-dealer to effect
transactions, particularly with regard to such aspect as timing, order size and execution of
order, (d) the research and related brokerage services provided by such broker or dealer
to IMS, notwithstanding that the account may not be the direct or exclusive beneficiary of
such services and (e) any other factors IMS considers to be relevant.
Clients with separately managed accounts may request that a particular broker process
their securities transactions or IMS will suggest brokers. When recommending a broker
IMS will consider a number of factors including price and execution for a particular
transaction. In the case where a client chooses the broker-dealer for custody and trade
execution, there is a possibility that the client may not be able to achieve best or the same
execution as the other clients the firm is trading for. When feasible, IMS may group or block
various client orders (have the ability to but do not practice this for the most part) to more
efficiently execute orders and receive reduced commission rates. Such block orders may be
executed at various prices, and where block orders are not executed in total, IMS attempts
to allocate executed trades on a basis which will be fair to clients over time. Clients who
choose their own broker may not be able to benefit from blocked trades. IMS considers,
among other things, the size of the order, the broker's ability to effect and settle the
transaction promptly and reliably, integrity, and financial condition in determining the
broker's execution capability.
Generally, in addition to a broker's ability to provide "best execution," we may also consider
the value of "research" or additional brokerage products and services a broker- dealer has
provided or may be willing to provide. This is known as paying for those services or
products with "soft dollars." Because many of the services or products could be considered
to provide a benefit to the firm, and because the "soft dollars" used to acquire them are
client assets, the firm could be considered to have a conflict of interest in allocating client
brokerage business; and it could receive valuable benefits by selecting a particular broker
or dealer to execute client transactions and the transaction compensation charged by that
broker or dealer might not be the lowest compensation the firm might otherwise be able to
negotiate. In addition, the firm could have an incentive to cause clients to engage in more
securities transactions than would otherwise be optimal in order to generate brokerage
compensation with which to acquire products and services.
The firm's use of soft dollars is intended to comply with the requirements of Section 28(e)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Section 28(e) provides a “safe harbor” for
investment managers who use commissions or transaction fees paid by their advised
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accounts to obtain investment research services that provide lawful and appropriate
assistance to the manager in performing investment decision-making responsibilities.
As required by Section 28(e), the firm will make a good faith determination that the amount
of commission or other fees paid is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and
research services provided. That is, before placing orders with a particular broker, we
generally determine, considering all the factors described below, that the compensation to
be paid is reasonable in relation to the value of all the brokerage and research products and
services provided. In making this determination, we typically consider not only the
particular transaction or transactions, and not only the value of brokerage and research
services and products to a particular client, but also the value of those services and
products in our performance of our overall responsibilities to all of our clients. In some
cases, the commissions or other transaction fees charged by a particular broker-dealer for
a particular transaction or set of transactions may be greater than the amounts another
broker-dealer who did not provide research services or products might charge.
firm
in the performance of
its
"Research" products and services we may receive from broker-dealers may include
economic surveys, data, and analyses; financial publications; recommendations or other
information about particular companies and industries (through research reports and
otherwise); and other products or services (e.g., computer services and equipment,
including hardware, software, and data bases) that provide lawful and appropriate
investment decision-making
assistance to the
responsibilities. Consistent with Section 28(e), brokerage products and services (beyond
traditional execution services) consist primarily of computer services and software that
permit us to effect securities transactions and perform functions incidental to transaction
execution. We generally use such products and services in the conduct of our investment
decision-making generally, not just for those accounts whose commissions may be
considered to have been used to pay for the products or services. Services we have paid
with “soft-dollars” in the last fiscal year include; Bloomberg for fixed income research;
Morningstar for mutual fund and stock screening and ValueLine.
The firm may use some products or services not only as "research" and as brokerage (i.e.,
to assist in making investment decisions for clients or to perform functions incidental to
transaction execution) but for our administrative and other purposes as well. In these
instances, we make a reasonable allocation of the cost of the products and services so that
only the portion of the cost that is attributable to making investment decisions and
executing transactions are paid with commission dollars and we bear the cost of the
balance. Our interest in making such an allocation differs from clients' interest, in that we
have an incentive to designate as much as possible of the cost as research and brokerage in
order to minimize the portion that the firm must pay directly.
Although shares of mutual funds can be purchased and redeemed without payment of
transactions fees, we may, consistent with our duty of best execution, determine to cause
client accounts to pay transaction fees that may be higher than those obtainable from other
broker- dealers when purchasing shares of certain mutual funds in order to obtain
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“research.” This research may not be used for the exclusive benefit of the clients who pay
transaction fees in purchasing mutual fund shares.
A broker-dealer through which the firm wishes to use soft dollars may establish "credits"
arising out of brokerage business done in the past, which may be used to pay, or reimburse
the firm for, specified expenses. In other cases, a broker-dealer may provide or pay for the
service or product and suggest a level of future business that would fully compensate it.
The actual level of transactional business the firm does with a particular broker-dealer
during any period may be less than such a suggested level, but may exceed that level and
may generate unused soft dollar "credits." We do not exclude a broker- dealer from
receiving business simply because the broker-dealer has not been identified as providing
soft dollar research products and services, although we may not be willing to pay the same
commission to such broker-dealer as we would have paid had the broker- dealer provided
such products and services.
Item 13. Review of Accounts
Mutual and index funds receive a quarterly performance review and they are also reviewed
for performance relative to their peer groups and other factors on an annual basis. Security
positions are reviewed as frequently as daily. IMS' personnel perform reviews of all
separately managed accounts no less than quarterly.
There is currently no limit on the number of accounts that can be reviewed by any
individual at IMS. Accounts are reviewed for consistency with the investment strategy and
performance. Reviews may also be triggered by changes in a client’s personal, tax, and
financial status and market events.
Clients receive a quarterly summary from IMS in addition to their monthly or quarterly
statements from their custodians. The IMS summary includes an overview of the account
performance, allocation, positions and amounts
invested. Clients are also sent
confirmations following each brokerage account transaction unless confirmations have
been waived.
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Schwab provides IMS with access to Schwab’ institutional trading and custody services,
which are typically not available to Schwab retail investors. These services generally are
available to independent investment advisers on an unsolicited basis, at no charge to them
so long as a total of at least $10 million of the adviser’s clients’ assets are maintained in
accounts at Schwab. Schwab includes brokerage services that are related to the execution
of securities transactions, custody, research, including that in the form of advice, analyses
and reports, and access to mutual funds and other investments that are otherwise generally
available only to institutional investors or would require a significantly higher minimum
initial investment. For IMS client accounts maintained in its custody, Schwab generally does
not charge separately for custody services but is compensated by account holders through
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commissions or other transaction- related or asset-based fees for securities trades that are
executed through Schwab or that settle into Schwab accounts.
information
Schwab also makes available to IMS other products and services that benefit IMS but may
not benefit its clients’ accounts. These benefits may include national, regional or IMS
specific educational events organized and/or sponsored by Schwab. Other potential
benefits may include occasional business entertainment of personnel of IMS by Schwab
personnel, including meals, invitations to sporting events, including golf tournaments, and
other forms of entertainment, some of which may accompany educational opportunities.
Other of these products and services assist IMS in managing and administering clients’
accounts. These include software and other technology (and related technological training)
that provide access to client account data (such as trade confirmations and account
statements), facilitate trade execution (and allocation of aggregated trade orders for
multiple client accounts, if applicable), provide research, pricing information and other
market data, facilitate payment of IMS’s fees from its clients’ accounts (if applicable), and
assist with back-office training and support functions, recordkeeping and client reporting.
Many of these services generally may be used to service all or some substantial number of
IMS’s accounts. Schwab also makes available to IMS other services intended to help IMS
manage and further develop its business enterprise. These services may include
professional compliance, legal and business consulting, publications and conferences on
practice management,
technology, business succession, regulatory
compliance, employee benefits providers, and human capital consultants, insurance and
marketing. In addition, Schwab may make available, arrange and/or pay vendors for these
types of services rendered to IMS by independent third parties. Schwab may discount or
waive fees it would otherwise charge for some of these services or pay all or a part of the
fees of a third-party providing these services to IMS. IMS is independently owned and
operated and not affiliated with Schwab..
In addition, IMS has a referral arrangement with a prior owner of a company purchased by
IMS. The prior owner is not a current employee of IMS, however IMS pays the prior owner
up to 40% of its advisory fee for each successful client introduction/referral.
Item 15. Custody
Client funds or securities are typically held in the client’s name at the custodian. However,
because IMS has authorization to directly debit certain client’s account(s) for payment of
advisory fees, IMS is deemed to exercise limited custody over client assets. Qualified
custodians that hold client assets will provide account statements directly to clients at their
address of record at least quarterly. The statement will indicate all amounts disbursed from
the account including the amount of management fees paid directly to IMS. Clients are
encouraged to carefully review the statements provided by their custodians.
As discussed above in Items 5, 10, and 11 of this brochure, certain related persons of IMS
are also affiliated with the Fund Management Affiliates which sponsor, manage, and advise
the Affiliated Fund. Advisory clients of IMS are also investors in the Affiliated Private Fund.
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This dual affiliation results in IMS being imputed with custody over client funds that are
invested in our Affiliated Fund by advisory clients. Because IMS is deemed to have custody
of the assets invested in the Affiliated Fund by its advisory clients, the firm is subject to
certain annual independent audit requirements relating to its Affiliated Fund. Each
participant in the Affiliated Fund will receive periodic progress reports regarding their
investment in the fund. In addition, in accordance with Rule 206(4)-2(b)(4) under the
Investment Advisers Act of 1940, each Affiliated Fund will engage an independent public
accountant who is subject to examination by the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board to verify the fund’s assets and prepare audited financial statements at the end of
each fiscal year of the Affiliated Fund’s operations. The Affiliated Fund will distribute such
audited financial statements to each participant within 120 days of the end of each fiscal
year.
Item 16. Investment Discretion
IMS has the authority to determine the amounts of each and the specific securities to be
bought or sold without obtaining client consent in its capacity as a portfolio manager for
the IMS Funds or separately managed accounts. In this capacity IMS will also select the
broker-dealers for trade execution for the funds at its discretion. In selecting a broker for
any transaction or series of transactions, IMS may consider a number of factors, including,
for example, net price, the financial stability and reputation of the broker, the quality of the
investment research, investment strategies, special execution capabilities, clearance,
settlement, custody, recordkeeping and other services provided by such broker. Allocation
of investment opportunities among the IMS Funds and separately managed accounts may
be compromised if one receives preferential treatment.
Separately managed account clients may have the ability to view IMS Fund holdings before
the general public. Any restrictions or limitations on IMS’s discretionary authority for
separately managed accounts must be made in writing.
Item 17. Voting Client Securities
For all IMS Program accounts, the client should know that IMS will not vote any proxies for
securities or exercise voting rights pertaining to investment in a client’s account (including
without limitation matters relating to conversions, exchanges, mergers, stock splits, rights
offerings, recapitalizations and reorganizations). IMS also will not act for clients in any legal
proceedings, including bankruptcies or class actions, involving securities held or
previously held by a client’s account. It is the client’s responsibility to vote any proxies for
securities, exercise voting rights, or take any legal actions pertaining to investments in his
or her account. Ordinarily, the custodian will forward proxies or other communications
pertaining to investments in client’s account to client. Client should contact IMS if he or she
does not receive proxies or other mailings pertaining to the investments in the account.
Client also should understand that IMS will not be responsible or liable for Schwab, Fidelity
or other custodians’ failure to send proxies or related communications on a timely basis.
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Proxies for the IMS Funds are outsourced to Broadridge, who uses Glass Lewis & Co
standard recommendations for votes and records the proxy votes that they do on behalf of
IMS. Broadridge offers a website which is reviewed by the CCO to ensure proxies are voted.
Item 18. Financial Information
IMS does not have any financial commitments that might impair our current or future
ability to meet our contractual commitments to clients and we have not been the subject of
a bankruptcy petition at any time during the past ten years.
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