Overview
Assets Under Management: $535 million
Headquarters: CORAL GABLES, FL
High-Net-Worth Clients: 54
Average Client Assets: $4 million
Services Offered
Services: Portfolio Management for Individuals
Fee Structure
Primary Fee Schedule (INVEX ADVISORS ADV PART 2A BROCHURE)
| Min | Max | Marginal Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $0 | and above | 2.00% |
Illustrative Fee Rates
| Total Assets | Annual Fees | Average Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $1 million | $20,000 | 2.00% |
| $5 million | $100,000 | 2.00% |
| $10 million | $200,000 | 2.00% |
| $50 million | $1,000,000 | 2.00% |
| $100 million | $2,000,000 | 2.00% |
Clients
Number of High-Net-Worth Clients: 54
Percentage of Firm Assets Belonging to High-Net-Worth Clients: 31.01
Average High-Net-Worth Client Assets: $4 million
Total Client Accounts: 65
Discretionary Accounts: 65
Regulatory Filings
CRD Number: 164519
Last Filing Date: 2024-05-08 00:00:00
Website: https://invexadvisors.us
Form ADV Documents
Primary Brochure: INVEX ADVISORS ADV PART 2A BROCHURE (2025-03-10)
View Document Text
Form ADV Part 2A: Firm Brochure
March 10, 2025
Invex Advisors LLC
2 Alhambra Plaza, Suite PH II
Coral Gables, FL 33134
Telephone: (786) 425-1717
Fax: (786) 425-1718
Invex Advisors LLC is an investment advisor that is registered with the Florida Office of Financial
Regulation and the Securities and Exchange Commission. Registration with the Florida Office of
Financial Regulation and the Securities and Exchange Commission does not imply a certain level of
skill or training.
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Invex Advisors
LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at (786) 425-
1717. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the Florida Office of
Financial Regulation or the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
Additional information about Invex Advisors, LLC. also is available on the SEC's website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
The searchable IARD/CRD number for Invex Advisors, LLC is 164519.
1
Item 2 Summary of Material Changes
Form ADV Part 2 requires registered investment advisers to amend their brochure when information
becomes materially inaccurate. If there are any material changes to an adviser's disclosure brochure,
the adviser is required to notify you and provide you with a description of the material changes.
Since the filing of our last annual updating amendment, dated March 27, 2024 we have no material
changes to report.
2
Item 3 Table of Contents
Item 1 Cover Page
Item 2 Summary of Material Changes
Item 3 Table of Contents
Item 4 Advisory Business
Item 5 Fees and Compensation
Item 6 Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Item 7 Types of Clients
Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Item 9 Disciplinary Information
Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
Item 12 Brokerage Practices
Item 13 Review of Accounts
Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Item 15 Custody
Item 16 Investment Discretion
Item 17 Voting Client Securities
Item 18 Financial Information
Item 19 Requirements for State-Registered Advisers
Item 20 Additional Information
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 6
Page 8
Page 9
Page 9
Page 17
Page 17
Page 19
Page 20
Page 23
Page 24
Page 24
Page 25
Page 25
Page 26
Page 26
Page 26
3
Item 4 Advisory Business
Invex Advisors LLC is an investment adviser formed in 2012 based in Coral Gables, FL. We are
organized as a limited liability company under the laws of the State of Delaware and are owned by
Invex Holdings, Inc. Invex Holdings, Inc. is owned by Invex Controladora S.A.B. de C.V.
The following paragraphs describe our services and fees. Refer to the description of each investment
advisory service listed below for information on how we tailor our advisory services to your individual
needs. As used in this brochure, the words "we," "our," and "us" refer to Invex Advisors LLC and the
words "you," "your," and "client" refer to you as either a client or prospective client of our firm.
Our firm provides investment advisory services to individual high net worth individuals, to which we
provide investment advisory services pursuant to managed account relationships, banking institutions,
and investment companies that include three private funds incorporated in Cayman Islands.
Portfolio Management Services
We offer discretionary portfolio management services. Our investment advice is tailored to meet our
clients' needs and investment objectives.
If you participate in our discretionary portfolio management services, we require you to grant us
discretionary authority to manage your account. Subject to a grant of discretionary authorization, we
have the authority and responsibility to formulate investment strategies on your behalf. Discretionary
authorization will allow us to determine the specific securities, and the amount of securities, to be
purchased or sold for your account without obtaining your approval prior to each transaction. We will
also have discretion over the broker or dealer to be used for securities transactions, and over the
commission rates to be paid. Discretionary authority is typically granted by the investment advisory
agreement you sign with our firm, a power of attorney, or trading authorization forms.
You may limit our discretionary authority (for example, limiting the types of securities that can be
purchased or sold for your account) by providing our firm with your restrictions and guidelines in
writing.
We may also offer non-discretionary portfolio management services. If you enter into non-discretionary
arrangements with our firm, we must obtain your approval prior to executing any transactions on behalf
of your account. You have an unrestricted right to decline to implement any advice provided by our firm
on a non-discretionary basis.
Adviser to Affiliated Private Funds
We serve as the investment adviser to the Invex Income Fund, Invex Short Duration Strategy, and
Invex Global Opportunities (the "Fund," whether one or more) organized under the laws of Cayman
Islands and governed by the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority. The directors of the Fund are Mike
Kara and Remy Obermann. The Fund is an exempted company limited by shares and registered as a
segregated portfolio company which is registered as a mutual fund. The custodian is Pictet & Cie out of
Luxembourg, and the administrator of the Fund is FundPartner Solutions (Europe) S.A. The Fund is
designed to allow its Shareholders in each Segregated Portfolio to collectively invest in accordance
with the investment objectives and strategies set out in the Fund's Private Placement Memorandum.
Clients of our firm may be solicited to invest in the Fund and are hereby advised that our firm and/or its
associated persons may have an incentive to recommend the Fund over other investments and that
the advisory fees charged by our firm are separate and apart from the fees associated with investing
in the Fund. The Fund is offered only to certain sophisticated investors and only via private placement
4
memorandum and other offering documents. Investors and prospective investors should refer to the
Fund's offering documents for a complete description of the investment objectives, risks, fees, and
other relevant information regarding the Fund.
The compensation arrangements we have with the Fund present a conflict of interest because we may
have a financial incentive to recommend that you invest in the Fund. While we believe that the
compensation arrangements that we have with the Fund are competitive, such compensation may be
higher than the compensation charged by other firms providing the same or similar services. You are
under no obligation to purchase shares in affiliated or other private funds.
The fees we charge are separate and in addition to any fees and expenses charged by the Fund. For
any client with investment in the Fund, we will not charge a management fee for the amount invested
in the Fund. You should refer to the prospectus for a complete description of the fees, investment
objectives, risks and other relevant information associated with investing in the Fund.
In providing our services, we seek to achieve capital appreciation generally through long and short
investments in publicly traded and privately traded debt securities but may also make other types of
investments on behalf of our clients as we deem appropriate.
Our firm tailors our advisory services to the individual needs and specified investment mandates of our
clients. With respect to the Fund, we adhere to the investment strategy set forth in the offering
memorandum. With respect to our managed account assets, we adhere to the investment strategy set
forth in each managed account agreement.
Wrap Fee Program
We do not participate in any wrap-fee programs.
Types of Investments
We primarily offer advice on private funds and Bonds. Refer to the Methods of Analysis, Investment
Strategies and Risk of Loss below for additional disclosures on this topic.
Additionally, we may advise you on various types of investments based on your stated goals and
objectives. We may also provide advice on any type of investment held in your portfolio at the inception
of our advisory relationship.
IRA Rollover Recommendations
Effective December 20, 2021 (or such later date as the US Department of Labor ("DOL") Field
Assistance Bulletin 2018-02 ceases to be in effect), for purposes of complying with the DOL's
Prohibited Transaction Exemption 2020-02 ("PTE 2020-02") where applicable, we are providing the
following acknowledgment to you. When we provide investment advice to you regarding your
retirement plan account or individual retirement account, we are fiduciaries within the meaning of Title I
of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable,
which are laws governing retirement accounts. The way we make money creates some conflicts with
your interests, so we operate under a special rule that requires us to act in your best interest and not
put our interest ahead of yours. Under this special rule's provisions, we must:
• Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations (give prudent
advice);
• Never put our financial interests ahead of yours when making recommendations (give loyal
advice);
• Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
• Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is in your best
5
interest;
• Charge no more than is reasonable for our services; and
• Give you basic information about conflicts of interest.
We benefit financially from the rollover of your assets from a retirement account to an account that we
manage or provide investment advice, because the assets increase our assets under management
and, in turn, our advisory fees. As a fiduciary, we only recommend a rollover when we believe it is in
your best interest.
Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2024, we provide continuous management services for $659,605,631 in client
assets on a discretionary basis
Item 5 Fees and Compensation
Portfolio Management Services
Our annual fee for portfolio management services varies between 0.20% to 2.00% depending upon the
market value of your assets under our management, the type and complexity of the asset management
services provided, as well as the level of administration requested either directly or assumed by the
client. Assets in each of your account(s) are included in the fee assessment unless specifically
identified in writing for exclusion. Our firm may engage in profit sharing agreements on income in
excess of previous defined benchmark established on each individual agreement.
With respect to our managed accounts, investors are charged a management fee based on a
percentage of assets under management pursuant to the managed account agreement, calculated and
payable on a quarterly basis. Our annual portfolio management fee is billed and payable, quarterly in
arrears, based on the balance at end of billing period.
If the portfolio management agreement is executed at any time other than the first day of a calendar
quarter, our fees will apply on a pro rata basis, which means that the advisory fee is payable in
proportion to the number of days in the quarter for which you are a client. Our advisory fee is
negotiable with each customer prior to signing the agreement, depending on individual client
circumstances.
Investors who have engaged the firm to provide investment advisory services on a managed account
basis are eligible to terminate the managed account agreement on 45 days prior written notice. You
will incur a pro rata charge for services rendered prior to the termination of the portfolio management
agreement, which means you will incur advisory fees only in proportion to the number of days in the
quarter for which you are a client.
At our discretion, we may combine the account values of family members living in the same household
to determine the applicable advisory fee. For example, we may combine account values for you and
your minor children, joint accounts with your spouse, and other types of related accounts. Combining
account values may increase the asset total, which may result in your paying a reduced advisory fee
based on the available breakpoints in our fee schedule stated above.
We encourage you to reconcile our invoices with the statement(s) you receive from the qualified
custodian. If you find any inconsistent information between our invoice and the statement(s) you
receive from the qualified custodian, call our main office number located on the cover page of this
brochure.
6
Adviser to Private Fund
We receive a .50% for the Invex Dynamic Allocation Segregated Portfolio, 1.50% for the Invex Global
Opportunities, 0.65% for the Invex Short Duration and 1.50% for the Invex Income Fund per annum fee
from the funds (paid by Pictet & Cie) for acting as the investment adviser to the Fund. This fee is
separate and apart from any fee we may charge other clients of Invex who may be invested in the
Fund. As such, a conflict of interest exists in that we have a financial incentive to recommend the Fund
to our clients. However, as a fiduciary, we are required to act in our Clients' best interests at all times
and will only recommend the Fund to clients when we believe that it is suitable and appropriate for
them. The Fund is offered only to certain sophisticated investors and only via private placement
memorandum and other offering documents. The Fund has other, internal, costs and expenses.
Investors and prospective investors should refer to the Fund's offering documents for a complete
description of the investment objectives, risks, fees, and other relevant information regarding the Fund.
Underlying investors in the Fund can withdraw money at any time, so they are not likely to pay a
management fee in excess of what they owe.
The management fee is charged to our client, the Fund, and no separate management fee is charged
to individual investors who have invested at the fund level.
Our firm also receives performance-based fees from the Fund based on a percentage of each
underlying investor's annual net realized and unrealized profits at the end of each year or upon a
withdrawal or redemption if prior to the end of the year (but only on the amount withdrawn or
redeemed), subject to a high water mark limitation. The performance-based fee is 20% of the excess
of the performance above the benchmark.
Our fees are generally non-negotiable, but we have the discretion to waive all or a portion of the
management fee and/or the performance-based compensation. Each client bears all of its own
organizational and operational expenses, including, without limitation (but only to the extent
applicable):
legal fees (including settlement costs);
filing fees and expenses;
interest on debit balances or borrowings; and
•
• costs of any litigation or investigation involving the clients' activities;
•
• accounting costs (including tax preparation and audit expenses);
• administration costs;
• costs associated with reporting and providing information to investors;
• withholding and/or transfer taxes;
• other out-of-pocket expenses;
• proxy expenses;
• expenses related to underwriting and private placements;
• brokerage commissions, mark-up/down;
•
• custodial fees.
Each investor in the fund bears its pro rata share of the fund's expenses and each investor in a
managed account will bear its pro rata share of the managed account's expenses. For more
information on brokerage transactions and costs, please see Section 12: Brokerage Practices.
Therefore, any client with investment in the fund will not be charged a management fee for the amount
invested in the fund.
7
Additional Fees and Expenses
As part of our investment advisory services to you, we may invest, or recommend that you invest, in
mutual funds and exchange traded funds. The fees that you pay to our firm for investment advisory
services are separate and distinct from the fees and expenses charged by mutual funds or exchange
traded funds (described in each fund's prospectus) to their shareholders. These fees will generally
include a management fee and other fund expenses. You will also incur transaction charges and/or
brokerage fees when purchasing or selling securities. These charges and fees are typically imposed by
the broker-dealer or custodian through whom your account transactions are executed. We do not
share in any portion of the brokerage fees/transaction charges imposed by the broker-dealer or
custodian. To fully understand the total cost you will incur, you should review all the fees charged by
mutual funds, exchange traded funds, our firm, and others. For information on our brokerage practices,
refer to the Brokerage Practices section of this brochure.
Dually Registered Investment Adviser Representatives
Persons providing investment advice on behalf of our firm are investment adviser representatives with
Invex Next LLC, an affiliated investment adviser. For additional information about compensation we
receive, see Item 10 - Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations.
Compensation for the Sale of Securities or Other Investment Products
Persons providing investment advice on behalf of our firm are registered representatives with Invex,
LLC, a securities broker-dealer, and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and the
Securities Investor Protection Corporation. In their capacity as registered representatives, in certain
circumstances, these persons may receive compensation in connection with the purchase and sale of
securities or other investment products, including asset-based sales charges, service fees or 12b-1
fees, for the sale or holding, of mutual funds. Compensation earned by these persons in their
capacities as registered representatives is separate and in addition to our advisory fees. This practice
presents a conflict of interest because persons providing investment advice to advisory clients on
behalf of our firm who are registered representatives have an incentive to recommend investment
products based on the compensation received rather than solely based on your needs. Persons
providing investment advice to advisory clients on behalf of our firm can select or recommend, and in
many instances will select or recommend, mutual fund investments in share classes that pay 12b-1
fees when clients are eligible to purchase share classes of the same funds that do not pay such fees
and are less expensive. This presents a conflict of interest. You are under no obligation, contractually
or otherwise, to purchase securities products through any person affiliated with our firm who receives
compensation described above. For additional information about compensation we receive, see Item
10 - Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations.
Item 6 Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Performance-based fees based on individual client accounts are only permitted to be charged to
clients having a net worth greater than $2,100,000 or for whom we manage at least $1,000,000
immediately after entering an agreement for our services. Performance-based fees are fees based on
a share of capital gains or capital appreciation of a client's account. A performance fee based on
individual client accounts is equal to 20% of the performance of the Net Asset Value per Share of each
Class, which applies a performance fee subject to high water mark multiplied by the number of Shares
in issue in the relevant Class during the calculation period. No performance fee will be due if the Net
Asset Value per Share of such Class before performance fee turns out to be below the high water
mark for the relevant calculation period. Refer to the Fees and Compensation section above for
additional information on this topic.
8
Not all our clients are charged or allocated performance-based compensation. We manage accounts
that are charged performance-based fees while at the same time managing accounts (perhaps with
similar objectives) that are not charged performance-based fees ("side-by-side management").
Performance-based fees and side-by-side management create conflicts of interest, which we have
identified and described in the following paragraphs.
Performance-based fees create an incentive for our firm to make investments that are riskier or more
speculative than would be the case absent a performance fee arrangement. In order to address this
potential conflict of interest, a senior officer of our firm periodically reviews client accounts to ensure
that investments are suitable and that the account is being managed according to the client's
investment objectives and risk tolerance.
Performance-based fees may also create an incentive for our firm to overvalue investments which lack
a market quotation. In order to address such conflict, we have adopted policies and procedures that
require our firm to "fairly value" any investments, which do not have a readily ascertainable value.
Our firm charges a performance-based fee to the Fund, however, any client with investment in this
fund will not be charged a performance-based fee on such holdings in the Fund.
Side-by-side management might provide an incentive for our firm to favor accounts for which we
receive a performance-based fee. For example, we may have an incentive to allocate limited
investment opportunities, such as initial public offerings, to clients who are charged performance-
based fees over clients who are charged asset based fees only. To address this conflict of interest, we
have instituted policies and procedures that require our firm to allocate investment opportunities (if they
are suitable) in an effort to avoid favoritism among our clients, regardless of whether the client is
charged performance fees.
Item 7 Types of Clients
As noted in Item 4, we provide investment management services to a private fund, together with
individual high net worth individuals, to which we provide investment advisory services on a managed
account basis.
In general, we require a minimum of $50,000 to open and maintain an advisory account. At our
discretion, we may waive this minimum account size. For example, we may waive the minimum if you
appear to have significant potential for increasing your assets under our management. The minimum
for investing in all Invex Funds is $10,000.
Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Private Funds
We provide investment advisory services to Invex Income Fund, Invex Short Duration Strategy, and
Invex Global Opportunities. We tailor our advice to each private fund or investor based on the
investment objective and restrictions (if any) set forth in the applicable offering memorandum,
organizational documents, investment management agreement, limited liability agreement, limited
partnership agreement and/or subscription agreements.
Investing in private funds involves risk of loss that the investor should be prepared to assume. These
losses may include the loss of principal; a reduction in earnings (including interest, dividends and other
distributions); and the loss of future earnings. Such risks may also include, without limitation:
9
fixed income risk
foreign investment risk
repurchase policy risks
funds risk
issuer and non-diversification risk
• concentration risk
• credit risk
• derivatives risk
• equity risk
•
•
• high yield risk
leveraging risk
•
liquidity risk
•
• management risk
• market risk
•
• small and medium capitalization company risk
•
•
• digital assets risk
• custody and prime brokerage risk
• cybersecurity risk
• health events and other catastrophic risk
A more detailed description of the risks associated with each particular investment strategy is included
in the Offering Documents of the respective Fund, a copy of which is provided to prospective Fund
Investors and should be carefully reviewed prior to investing in the Funds.
Other Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
We also use one or more of the following methods of analysis or investment strategies when providing
investment advice to you:
Technical Analysis - involves studying past price patterns, trends and interrelationships in the
financial markets to assess risk-adjusted performance and predict the direction of both the overall
market and specific securities.
Risk: The risk of market timing based on technical analysis is that our analysis may not accurately
detect anomalies or predict future price movements. Current prices of securities may reflect all
information known about the security and day-to-day changes in market prices of securities may
follow random patterns and may not be predictable with any reliable degree of accuracy.
Fundamental Analysis - involves analyzing individual companies and their industry groups, such as a
company's financial statements, details regarding the company's product line, the experience and
expertise of the company's management, and the outlook for the company and its industry. The
resulting data is used to measure the true value of the company's stock compared to the current
market value.
Risk: The risk of fundamental analysis is that information obtained may be incorrect and the
analysis may not provide an accurate estimate of earnings, which may be the basis for a stock's
value. If securities prices adjust rapidly to new information, utilizing fundamental analysis may not
result in favorable performance.
Long-Term Purchases - securities purchased with the expectation that the value of those securities
will grow over a relatively long period of time, generally greater than one year.
10
Risk: Using a long-term purchase strategy generally assumes the financial markets will go up in
the long term, which may not be the case. There is also the risk that the segment of the market
that you are invested in or perhaps just your particular investment will go down over time even if
the overall financial markets advance. Purchasing investments long-term may create an
opportunity cost - "locking-up" assets that may be better utilized in the short term in other
investments.
Short-Term Purchases - securities purchased with the expectation that they will be sold within a
relatively short period of time, generally less than one year, to take advantage of the securities' short-
term price fluctuations.
Risk: Using a short-term purchase strategy generally assumes that we can predict how financial
markets will perform in the short term, which may be very difficult and will incur a
disproportionately higher amount of transaction costs compared to long-term trading. There are
many factors that can affect financial market performance in the short term (such as short-term
interest rate changes, cyclical earnings announcements, etc.) but may have a smaller impact over
longer periods of times.
Margin Transactions - a securities transaction in which an investor borrows money to purchase a
security, in which case the security serves as collateral on the loan.
Risk: If the value of the shares drops sufficiently, the investor will be required to either deposit
more cash into the account or sell a portion of the stock in order to maintain the margin
requirements of the account. This is known as a "margin call." An investor's overall risk includes
the amount of money invested plus the amount that was loaned to them.
Option Writing - a securities transaction that involves selling an option. An option is a contract that
gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a particular security at a specified price
on or before the expiration date of the option. When an investor sells a call option, he or she must
deliver to the buyer a specified number of shares if the buyer exercises the option. When an investor
sells a put option, he or she must pay the strike price per share if the buyer exercises the option, and
will receive the specified number of shares. The option writer/seller receives a premium (the market
price of the option at a particular time) in exchange for writing the option.
Risk: Options are complex investments and can be very risky, especially if the investor does not
own the underlying stock. In certain situations, an investor's risk can be unlimited.
Trading - We may use frequent trading (in general, selling securities within 30 days of purchasing the
same securities) as an investment strategy when managing your account(s). Frequent trading is not a
fundamental part of our overall investment strategy, but we may use this strategy occasionally when
we determine that it is suitable given your stated investment objectives and tolerance for risk. This may
include buying and selling securities frequently in an effort to capture significant market gains and
avoid significant losses.
Risk: When a frequent trading policy is in effect, there is a risk that investment performance within
your account may be negatively affected, particularly through increased brokerage and other
transactional costs and taxes.
Our investment strategies and advice may vary depending upon each client's specific financial
situation. As such, we determine investments and allocations based upon your predefined objectives,
risk tolerance, time horizon, financial information, liquidity needs and other various suitability factors.
Your restrictions and guidelines may affect the composition of your portfolio. It is important that you
11
notify us immediately with respect to any material changes to your financial circumstances,
including for example, a change in your current or expected income level, tax circumstances, or
employment status.
Tax Considerations
Our strategies and investments may have unique and significant tax implications. However, unless we
specifically agree otherwise, and in writing, tax efficiency is not our primary consideration in the
management of your assets. Regardless of your account size or any other factors, we strongly
recommend that you consult with a tax professional regarding the investing of your assets.
Custodians and broker-dealers must report the cost basis of equities acquired in client accounts. Your
custodian will default to the First-In First-Out ("FIFO") accounting method for calculating the cost basis
of your investments. You are responsible for contacting your tax advisor to determine if this accounting
method is the right choice for you. If your tax advisor believes another accounting method is more
advantageous, provide written notice to our firm immediately and we will alert your account custodian
of your individually selected accounting method. Decisions about cost basis accounting methods will
need to be made before trades settle, as the cost basis method cannot be changed after settlement.
Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that you should be prepared to bear. We do not represent or
guarantee that our services or methods of analysis can or will predict future results, successfully
identify market tops or bottoms, or insulate clients from losses due to market corrections or declines.
We cannot offer any guarantees or promises that your financial goals and objectives will be met. Past
performance is in no way an indication of future performance.
Other Risk Considerations
When evaluating risk, financial loss may be viewed differently by each client and may depend on many
different risks, each of which may affect the probability and magnitude of any potential losses. The
following risks may not be all-inclusive, but should be considered carefully by a prospective client
before retaining our services.
Liquidity Risk: The risk of being unable to sell your investment at a fair price at a given time due to
high volatility or lack of active liquid markets. You may receive a lower price or it may not be possible
to sell the investment at all.
Credit Risk: Credit risk typically applies to debt investments such as corporate, municipal, and
sovereign fixed income or bonds. A bond issuing entity can experience a credit event that could impair
or erase the value of an issuer's securities held by a client.
Inflation and Interest Rate Risk: Security prices and portfolio returns will likely vary in response to
changes in inflation and interest rates. Inflation causes the value of future dollars to be worth less and
may reduce the purchasing power of a client's future interest payments and principal. Inflation also
generally leads to higher interest rates which may cause the value of many types of fixed income
investments to decline.
Horizon and Longevity Risk: The risk that your investment horizon is shortened because of an
unforeseen event, for example, the loss of your job. This may force you to sell investments that you
were expecting to hold for the long term. If you must sell at a time that the markets are down, you may
lose money. Longevity Risk is the risk of outliving your savings. This risk is particularly relevant for
people who are retired, or are nearing retirement.
12
Recommendation of Particular Types of Securities
We primarily recommend Mutual funds and Bonds. However, we may advise on other types of
investments as appropriate for you since each client has different needs and different tolerance for
risk. Each type of security has its own unique set of risks associated with it and it would not be possible
to list here all of the specific risks of every type of investment. Even within the same type of
investment, risks can vary widely. However, in very general terms, the higher the anticipated return of
an investment, the higher the risk of loss associated with the investment.
Money Market Funds: A money market fund is technically a security. The fund managers attempt to
keep the share price constant at $1/share. However, there is no guarantee that the share price will stay
at $1/share. If the share price goes down, you can lose some or all of your principal. The U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") notes that "While investor losses in money market
funds have been rare, they are possible." In return for this risk, you should earn a greater return on
your cash than you would expect from a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insured
savings account (money market funds are not FDIC insured). Next, money market fund rates are
variable. In other words, you do not know how much you will earn on your investment next month. The
rate could go up or go down. If it goes up, that may result in a positive outcome. However, if it goes
down and you earn less than you expected to earn, you may end up needing more cash. A final risk
you are taking with money market funds has to do with inflation. Because money market funds are
considered to be safer than other investments like stocks, long-term average returns on money market
funds tends to be less than long term average returns on riskier investments. Over long periods of
time, inflation can eat away at your returns.
Bonds: Corporate debt securities (or "bonds") are typically safer investments than equity securities,
but their risk can also vary widely based on: the financial health of the issuer; the risk that the issuer
might default; when the bond is set to mature; and, whether or not the bond can be "called" prior to
maturity. When a bond is called, it may not be possible to replace it with a bond of equal character
paying the same rate of return.
Stocks: There are numerous ways of measuring the risk of equity securities (also known simply as
"equities" or "stock"). In very broad terms, the value of a stock depends on the financial health of the
company issuing it. However, stock prices can be affected by many other factors including, but not
limited to the class of stock (for example, preferred or common); the health of the market sector of the
issuing company; and the overall health of the economy. In general, larger, better established
companies ("large cap") tend to be safer than smaller start-up companies ("small cap") are but the
mere size of an issuer is not, by itself, an indicator of the safety of the investment.
Mutual Funds and Exchange Traded Funds: Mutual funds and exchange traded funds ("ETF") are
professionally managed collective investment systems that pool money from many investors and invest
in stocks, bonds, short-term money market instruments, other mutual funds, other securities, or any
combination thereof. The fund will have a manager that trades the fund's investments in accordance
with the fund's investment objective. While mutual funds and ETFs generally provide diversification,
risks can be significantly increased if the fund is concentrated in a particular sector of the market,
primarily invests in small cap or speculative companies, uses leverage (i.e., borrows money) to a
significant degree, or concentrates in a particular type of security (i.e., equities) rather than balancing
the fund with different types of securities. ETFs differ from mutual funds since they can be bought and
sold throughout the day like stock and their price can fluctuate throughout the day. The returns on
mutual funds and ETFs can be reduced by the costs to manage the funds. Also, while some mutual
funds are "no load" and charge no fee to buy into, or sell out of, the fund, other types of mutual funds
do charge such fees which can also reduce returns. Mutual funds can also be "closed end" or "open
13
end". So-called "open end" mutual funds continue to allow in new investors indefinitely whereas
"closed end" funds have a fixed number of shares to sell which can limit their availability to new
investors.
ETFs may have tracking error risks. For example, the ETF investment adviser may not be able to
cause the ETF's performance to match that of its Underlying Index or other benchmark, which may
negatively affect the ETF's performance. In addition, for leveraged and inverse ETFs that seek to track
the performance of their Underlying Indices or benchmarks on a daily basis, mathematical
compounding may prevent the ETF from correlating with performance of its benchmark. In addition, an
ETF may not have investment exposure to all of the securities included in its Underlying Index, or its
weighting of investment exposure to such securities may vary from that of the Underlying Index. Some
ETFs may invest in securities or financial instruments that are not included in the Underlying Index, but
which are expected to yield similar performance.
Leveraged Exchange Traded Funds:
Leveraged Exchange Traded Funds ("Leveraged ETFs" or "L-ETF") seek investment results for a
single day only, not for longer periods. A "single day" is measured from the time the L-ETF calculates
its net asset value ("NAV") to the time of the L-ETF's next NAV calculation. The return of the L-ETF for
periods longer than a single day will be the result of each day's returns compounded over the period,
which will very likely differ from multiplying the return by the stated leverage for that period. For periods
longer than a single day, the L-ETF will lose money when the level of the Index is flat, and it is possible
that the L-ETF will lose money even if the level of the Index rises. Longer holding periods, higher index
volatility and greater leverage both exacerbate the impact of compounding on an investor's returns.
During periods of higher Index volatility, the volatility of the Index may affect the L-ETF's return as
much as or more than the return of the Index. Leveraged ETFs are different from most exchange-
traded funds in that they seek leveraged returns relative to the applicable index and only on a daily
basis. The L-ETF also is riskier than similarly benchmarked exchange-traded funds that do not use
leverage. Accordingly, the L-ETF may not be suitable for all investors and should be used only by
knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking daily leveraged
investment results.
Leveraged ETF Leveraged Risk: The L-ETF obtains investment exposure in excess of its assets
in seeking to achieve its investment objective — a form of leverage — and will lose more money in
market environments adverse to its daily objective than a similar fund that does not employ such
leverage. The use of such leverage could result in the total loss of an investor's investment. For
example: a 2X fund will have a multiplier of two times (2x) the Index. A single day movement in the
Index approaching 50% at any point in the day could result in the total loss of a shareholder's
investment if that movement is contrary to the investment objective of the L-ETF, even if the Index
subsequently moves in an opposite direction, eliminating all or a portion of the earlier movement.
This would be the case with any such single day movements in the Index, even if the Index
maintains a level greater than zero at all times.
Leveraged ETF Compounding Risk: Compounding affects all investments, but has a more
significant impact on a leveraged fund. Particularly during periods of higher Index volatility,
compounding will cause results for periods longer than a single day to vary from the stated
multiplier of the return of the Index. This effect becomes more pronounced as volatility increases.
Leveraged ETF Use of Derivatives: The L-ETF obtains investment exposure through derivatives.
Investing in derivatives may be considered aggressive and may expose the L-ETF to greater risks
than investing directly in the reference asset(s) underlying those derivatives. These risks include
counterparty risk, liquidity risk and increased correlation risk (each as discussed below). When the
L-ETF uses derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the value of the reference
14
asset(s) and the derivative, which may prevent the L-ETF from achieving its investment objective.
Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives also may
expose the L-ETF to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. The L-ETF may use a
combination of swaps on the Index and swaps on an ETF that is designed to track the
performance of the Index. The performance of an ETF may not track the performance of the Index
due to embedded costs and other factors. Thus, to the extent the L-ETF invests in swaps that use
an ETF as the reference asset, the L-ETF may be subject to greater correlation risk and may not
achieve as high a degree of correlation with the Index as it would if the L-ETF only used swaps on
the Index. Moreover, with respect to the use of swap agreements, if the Index has a dramatic
intraday move that causes a material decline in the L-ETF's net assets, the terms of a swap
agreement between the L-ETF and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately
close out the transaction with the L-ETF. In that event, the L-ETF may be unable to enter into
another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve the desired exposure consistent
with the L-ETF's investment objective. This, in turn, may prevent the L-ETF from achieving its
investment objective, even if the Index reverses all or a portion of its intraday move by the end of
the day. Any costs associated with using derivatives will also have the effect of lowering the L-
ETF's return.
Options Contracts: Options are complex securities that involve risks and are not suitable for
everyone. Option trading can be speculative in nature and carry substantial risk of loss. It is generally
recommended that you only invest in options with risk capital. An option is a contract that gives the
buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specific price on or before
a certain date (the "expiration date"). The two types of options are calls and puts:
A call gives the holder the right to buy an asset at a certain price within a specific period of time. Calls
are similar to having a long position on a stock. Buyers of calls hope that the stock will increase
substantially before the option expires.
A put gives the holder the right to sell an asset at a certain price within a specific period of time. Puts
are very similar to having a short position on a stock. Buyers of puts hope that the price of the stock
will fall before the option expires.
Selling options is more complicated and can be even riskier.
The option trading risks pertaining to options buyers are:
• Risk of losing your entire investment in a relatively short period of time.
• The risk of losing your entire investment increases if, as expiration nears, the stock is below the
strike price of the call (for a call option) or if the stock is higher than the strike price of the put
(for a put option).
• European style options which do not have secondary markets on which to sell the options prior
to expiration can only realize their value upon expiration.
• Specific exercise provisions of a specific option contract may create risks.
• Regulatory agencies may impose exercise restrictions, which stops you from realizing value.
The option trading risks pertaining to options sellers are:
• Options sold may be exercised at any time before expiration.
• Covered Call traders forgo the right to profit when the underlying stock rises above the strike
price of the call options sold and continue to risk a loss due to a decline in the underlying stock.
• Writers of Naked Calls risk unlimited losses if the underlying stock rises.
• Writers of Naked Puts risk substantial losses if the underlying stock drops.
15
• Writers of naked positions run margin risks if the position goes into significant losses. Such
risks may include liquidation by the broker.
• Writers of call options could lose more money than a short seller of that stock could on the
same rise on that underlying stock. This is an example of how the leverage in options can work
against the option trader.
• Writers of Naked Calls are obligated to deliver shares of the underlying stock if those call
options are exercised.
• Call options can be exercised outside of market hours such that effective remedy actions
cannot be performed by the writer of those options.
• Writers of stock options are obligated under the options that they sold even if a trading market
is not available or that they are unable to perform a closing transaction.
• The value of the underlying stock may surge or decline unexpectedly, leading to automatic
exercises.
Other option trading risks are:
• The complexity of some option strategies is a significant risk on its own.
• Option trading exchanges or markets and option contracts themselves are open to changes at
all times.
• Options markets have the right to halt the trading of any options, thus preventing investors from
realizing value.
If an options brokerage firm goes insolvent, investors trading through that firm may be affected.
Internationally traded options have special risks due to timing across borders.
• Risk of erroneous reporting of exercise value.
•
•
Risks that are not specific to options trading include market risk, sector risk and individual stock risk.
Option trading risks are closely related to stock risks, as stock options are a derivative of stocks.
Derivatives: Derivatives are types of investments where the investor does not own the underlying
asset. There are many different types of derivative instruments, including, but not limited to, options,
swaps, futures, and forward contracts. Derivatives have numerous uses as well as various risks
associated with them, but they are generally considered an alternative way to participate in the market.
Investors typically use derivatives for three reasons: to hedge a position, to increase leverage, or to
speculate on an asset's movement. The key to making a sound investment is to fully understand the
characteristics and risks associated with the derivative, including, but not limited to counterparty,
underlying asset, price, and expiration risks. The use of a derivative only makes sense if the investor is
fully aware of the risks and understands the impact of the investment within a portfolio strategy. Due to
the variety of available derivatives and the range of potential risks, a detailed explanation of derivatives
is beyond the scope of this disclosure.
Structured Products: A structured product, also known as a market-linked product, is generally a pre-
packaged investment strategy based on derivatives, such as a single security, a basket of securities,
options, indices, commodities, debt issuances, and/or foreign currencies, and to a lesser extent,
swaps. Structured products are usually issued by investment banks or affiliates thereof. They have a
fixed maturity, and have two components: a note and a derivative. The derivative component is often
an option. The note provides for periodic interest payments to the investor at a predetermined rate, and
the derivative component provides for the payment at maturity. Some products use the derivative
component as a put option written by the investor that gives the buyer of the put option the right to sell
to the investor the security or securities at a predetermined price. Other products use the derivative
component to provide for a call option written by the investor that gives the buyer of the call option the
right to buy the security or securities from the investor at a predetermined price. A feature of some
structured products is a "principal guarantee" function, which offers protection of principal if held to
16
maturity. However, these products are not always Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured; they
may only be insured by the issuer, and thus have the potential for loss of principal in the case of a
liquidity crisis, or other solvency problems with the issuing company. Investing in structured products
involves a number of risks including but not limited to: fluctuations in the price, level or yield of
underlying instruments, interest rates, currency values and credit quality; substantial loss of principal;
limits on participation in any appreciation of the underlying instrument; limited liquidity; credit risk of the
issuer; conflicts of interest; and other events that are difficult to predict.
Private Placements: A private placement (non-public offering) is an illiquid security sold to qualified
investors and is not publicly traded or registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Risk: Private placements generally carry a higher degree of risk due to illiquidity. Most securities
that are acquired in a private placement will be restricted securities and must be held for an
extended amount of time and therefore cannot be sold easily. The range of risks is dependent on
the nature of the partnership and is disclosed in the offering documents.
Item 9 Disciplinary Information
Neither our firm, nor any of our members, managers, officers, directors, or employees have been
involved in any criminal or civil actions in a domestic, foreign or military court.
Neither our firm, nor any of our members, managers, officers, directors, or employees have been
involved in any administrative proceedings before the Securities and Exchange Commission, any other
federal regulatory agency, any state regulatory agency or any foreign financial regulatory authority.
Neither our firm, nor any of our members, managers, officers, directors, or employees have been
involved in any self-regulatory organization proceedings.
Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Registrations with Broker-Dealer
Gerardo Reyes Retana and Carlos Barrientos are registered as representatives of a broker-dealer in
connection with their association with an affiliated person of the firm, Invex LLC, a securities broker-
dealer, and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and the Securities Investor
Protection Corporation.
We act as the investment adviser to a registered investment company (the "IC"). Where appropriate,
we will exercise our discretionary authority and without further approval from you, we will invest a
percentage of your assets in the IC. This creates a conflict of interest because we will receive
compensation as your investment adviser through our firm and as the investment adviser to the IC.
Except as otherwise required by law for ERISA assets, we do not offset any compensation we receive
against fees or expenses you may otherwise pay to us and/or any of our affiliates. Fees charged by the
IC are separate and in addition to our advisory fees as disclosed above at Fees and Compensation.
You should refer to the prospectus for a complete description of fees, investment objectives, risks and
other relevant information associated with investing in the IC. Refer to the Investment
Discretion section below for additional disclosures on our discretionary authority to manage your
investment account.
Arrangements with Affiliated Entities
We are affiliated with Invex, LLC through common control and ownership. The affiliate is a securities
broker-dealer and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and the Securities Investor
Protection Corporation. Persons providing investment advice on behalf of our firm are also registered
17
representatives with our affiliate broker dealer. In their capacity as registered representatives, in
certain circumstances, these persons may receive commission-based compensation in connection with
the purchase and sale of securities, including 12b-1 fees for the sale of investment company products.
Compensation earned by these persons in their capacities as registered representatives is separate
from our advisory fees. This practice presents a conflict of interest because persons providing
investment advice on behalf of our firm who are registered representatives have an incentive to effect
securities transactions for the purpose of generating commissions rather than solely based on your
needs.
Referral arrangements with an affiliated entity present a conflict of interest for us because we may
have a direct or indirect financial incentive to recommend an affiliated firm's services. While we believe
that compensation charged by an affiliated firm is competitive, such compensation may be higher than
fees charged by other firms providing the same or similar services. You are under no obligation to use
the services of any firm we recommend, whether affiliated or otherwise, and may obtain comparable
services and/or lower fees through other firms.
Our firm has sponsored the formation of a private fund, as described in Section 4, Advisory Business.
Our Fund does not have independent management. Although this arrangement may give us
heightened control and discretion over our vehicle, we manage any potential conflicts of interest by
adhering to the investment strategy and investment allocation policy discussed in the offering
documents of the private investment vehicle. Where appropriate, we will exercise our discretionary
authority and without further approval from you, we will invest a percentage of your assets in the Fund.
This creates a conflict of interest because we will receive compensation as your investment adviser
through our firm and as the investment adviser to the Fund. Except as otherwise required by law for
ERISA assets, we do not offset any compensation we receive against fees or expenses you may
otherwise pay to our and/or any of our affiliates. Fees charged by the Fund are separate and in
addition to our advisory fees as disclosed above at Fees and Compensation. You should refer to the
prospectus for a complete description of fees, investment objectives, risks and other relevant
information associated with investing in the Fund. Refer to the Investment Discretion section below for
additional disclosures on our discretionary authority to manage your investment account.
Certain of our Associated Persons, including executive officers of our firm, may also serve in a control
capacity for the Fund. The compensation of these Associated Persons may be based, in part, upon the
profitability of the Fund. Our relationship to the Fund may involve sharing or joint compensation, or
separate compensation, subject to proper disclosures and the requirements of applicable law.
Invex Advisors is affiliated with Invex Next, a registered investment adviser. Invex Advisors and Invex
Next share certain employees and management personnel. Shared employees are governed by both
Invex Advisors and Invex Next's Code of Ethics.
Dually Registered Investment Adviser Representatives
Certain of our firm's IARs are also registered as IARs with Invex Next, our affiliated registered
investment adviser. IARs may provide asset management services or financial planning and consulting
services and earn advisory fees for providing such services on behalf of the affiliate. Therefore, you
could receive advisory services from one individual who can act as an IAR on behalf of two separate
registered investment advisers. This dual registration is a conflict of interest because your IAR may
receive more or less compensation as a result of his or her registration with us and the unaffiliated
investment adviser and may have access to different programs and services. If the IAR provides
services to you on behalf of our firm, you will be given the Disclosure Brochure of our firm, and the
IAR's Form ADV Part 2B. If the services are being provided by the IAR on behalf of the unaffiliated
firm, you should receive the Disclosure Brochure of that firm and the IAR's Form ADV Part 2B of that
firm. The disclosure brochures describe the services provided, fees charged, conflicts of interest and
18
other important information. You are encouraged to read and review the disclosure brochures for both
our firm and the unaffiliated investment adviser firm as well as client agreements and other disclosure
documents provided. If you have questions regarding how these conflicts of interests impact you, you
should direct questions to your IAR.
Neither our firm nor any of our members, managers, officers, directors, or employees is registered, or
has an application pending to register, as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, a
commodity trading advisor, or is an associated person of any of the above.
We do not currently recommend nor do we intend to select other investment advisers for our client.
Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading
To help ensure that each of our employees conducts his or her affairs, including personal securities
transactions, in a manner to avoid serving his or her own personal interests ahead of the interests of
our client and to avoid conflicts of interest, we have adopted a code of ethics pursuant to Rule 204A-1
under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, which includes policies and procedures
governing personal trading activities of our employees. A copy of the code of ethics is available upon
request to our clients and any investor or prospective investor in our services by contacting us at the
telephone number on the cover page of this brochure.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
We act as the investment adviser to a publicly traded mutual fund ("Fund"). Where appropriate, we will
exercise our discretionary authority and without further approval from you, we will invest a percentage
of your assets in the Fund. This creates a conflict of interest because we will receive compensation as
your investment adviser and as the investment adviser to the Fund. Additionally, individuals associated
with our firm may buy or sell - for their personal account(s) - investment products identical to those
purchased by the Fund. This practice may create a conflict of interest because we have the ability to
trade ahead of the Fund and potentially receive more favorable prices than the Fund will receive. To
mitigate this conflict of interest, it is our policy that neither our firm nor our Associated Persons shall
have priority over the Fund in the purchase or sale of securities.
Agency Cross Transactions
An agency cross transaction for an advisory client occurs when we, or one of our affiliates, acts as a
broker for a transaction in which one of our advisory clients is on one side of the transaction and
another person (not an advisory client) is on the other side of the transaction. We may, when we
consider the transaction to be in your best interest, execute such transactions. We could receive
compensation from each party to the transaction, and would therefore have a conflict of interest.
Clients may revoke the authorization to effect agency cross transactions at any time by providing us
with written notice. In circumstances where we execute an agency cross transaction, we undertake to
confirm that the buyer and seller are not related parties and that the transactions are executed at
market price. We will review all trades executed as an agency cross for compliance with our best
execution policy.
Personal Trading Practices
Employees may invest in the same securities that our firm buys or sells on behalf of our clients. A
conflict of interest exists in such cases because we have the ability to trade ahead of you and
potentially receive more favorable prices than you will receive. However, to mitigate this conflict of
interest, we have established a policy that our employees shall not execute a transaction in a security
19
for an account in which an employee has a beneficial interest or exercises investment discretion if an
order for a client account for the same security remains unexecuted. Such prohibition shall remain in
effect until after we have executed the transaction.
Employees may not purchase or sell, directly or indirectly: (i) any security in which he or she has, or by
reason of such transaction will acquire, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership and which, to his or
her actual knowledge at the time of such purchase or sale, is being purchased or sold by our firm on
behalf of a client account; or (ii) any related security to a security being actively considered for
purchase or sale by our firm, such as puts, calls, other options or rights in such security.
In order to prevent any potential conflicts of interest, we also require all employees, members and
managers to comply with a pre-clearance procedure before placing an order for the purchase or sale of
private placements and initial public offerings. No employee, member or manager may acquire any
securities in an initial public offering or in a private offering without prior approval from our Chief
Compliance Officer, which approval may be withheld in the sole discretion of our Chief Compliance
Officer. Orders for the purchase or sale of any publicly traded debt security (other than mutual funds,
certain government securities and other cash equivalents as set forth in our firm's code of ethics) will
be post reviewed. However, client orders must be placed and executed prior to any member or
employees orders in the same security.
Employees of our firm do not recommend to our clients, nor do they buy or sell for our clients'
accounts, securities in which they have a material financial interest.
Block Trading
Our firm or persons associated with our firm may buy or sell securities for you at the same time we or
persons associated with our firm buy or sell such securities for our own account. We may also combine
our orders to purchase securities with your orders to purchase securities ("block trading"). Refer to
the Brokerage Practices section in this brochure for information on our block trading practices.
A conflict of interest exists in such cases because we have the ability to trade ahead of you and
potentially receive more favorable prices than you will receive. To eliminate this conflict of interest, it is
our policy that neither our firm nor persons associated with our firm shall have priority over your
account in the purchase or sale of securities.
Item 12 Brokerage Practices
Your assets must be maintained in an account at a "qualified custodian," generally a broker-dealer or
bank. In recognition of the value of the services the Custodian provides, you may pay higher
commissions and/or trading costs than those that may be available elsewhere. While you are free to
choose any broker-dealer or other service provider as your custodian, we recommend that you
establish an account with a brokerage firm with which we have an existing relationship. If we
recommend the brokerage services of our affiliated broker-dealer, Invex, LLC, you will be required
to utilize the custodial services of Pershing LLC. In other instances where we are not affiliated with the
broker-dealer, note that you may be required to utilize the custodial services of other custodians.
We seek to recommend a custodian/broker that will hold your assets and execute transactions on
terms that are, overall, the most favorable compared to other available providers and their services.
We consider various factors, including: Capability to buy and sell securities for your account itself or
to facilitate such services. The likelihood that your trades will be executed. Availability of investment
research and tools. Overall quality of services. Competitiveness of price. Reputation, financial strength,
and stability. Existing relationship with our firm and our other clients.
20
In selecting broker-dealers and determining the reasonableness of their commissions for our clients'
transactions, we take into account the following factors:
• The broker-dealer's ability to effect prompt and reliable executions at favorable prices (including
the applicable profit or commission, if any);
• The operational efficiency with which transactions are effected, considering the size of the order
and difficulty of execution;
• The financial strength, integrity and stability of the broker-dealer;
• The firm's risk in positioning a block of securities;
• The quality, comprehensiveness and frequency of available research services considered to be
of value; and
• The competitiveness of commission rates in comparison with other broker-dealers that satisfy
our selection criteria.
• The preference of our clients.
We Utilize Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits. At times, our firm may pay higher prices to buy
securities from, or accept lower prices for the sale of securities to, brokerage firms that provide us with
investment and research information. This investment and research information is often referred to as
"soft dollar" benefits. The research services that broker-dealers might provide include written
information and analyses concerning specific securities, companies or sectors; market, financial and
economic studies and forecasts; statistics and pricing or appraisal services; discussions with research
personnel; and invitations to attend conferences or meetings with management or industry
consultants.
Since we have multiple clients, there does exist the potential for the creation of conflicts regarding the
allocation of soft dollar benefits among multiple clients. To that end, we intend to manage any conflicts
of interest by attempting to allocate soft dollar benefits among multiple clients in an equitable manner
that correlates the deemed benefits received to the costs associated with the related brokerage
transactions.
We Intend for our Use of Soft Dollar Benefits to Fall Within the Safe Harbor. The Securities and
Exchange Commission has created a safe harbor that protects financial advisers from liability for a
possible breach of fiduciary duty to their clients for engaging in soft dollar arrangements for certain
services at other than the lowest transaction costs if they make a good faith determination that the
amount of the commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the research services received.
We intend that our soft dollar arrangements will fall within this safe harbor.
The Use of Soft Dollars Can Create a Conflict of Interest. Although our policies require us to always
obtain the best execution for our clients by taking into account all applicable factors, using client
transactions to obtain research and other benefits creates incentives that result in conflicts of interest
between advisers and their clients. When we use client markups or markdowns to obtain research
products and services, our firm receives a benefit because we do not have to produce or pay for the
research products and services. The availability of these benefits may influence us to select one
broker-dealer rather than another to perform services for our clients, based on our interest in receiving
the products and services instead of on our clients' interest in receiving the best execution prices.
Obtaining these benefits may cause our clients to pay higher fees than those charged by other broker-
dealers.
21
The use of soft dollars to obtain research services creates a conflict of interest between our firm and
our clients because our clients pay for products and services that are not exclusively for their benefit
and that may be primarily or exclusively for the benefit of our firm. To the extent that we are able to
acquire these products and services without expending our own resources, our use of soft dollar
benefits tends to increase our profitability.
In the event that the client account is opened with our affiliate Invex, LLC (Registered Broker-Dealer),
then our affiliate Invex, LLC, will execute the trades on a principal capacity for the client account. In
such instances, our affiliate Invex, LLC may charge a mark-up/mark-down per trade, never exceeding
0.125 of the face value of the trade. In such instances we will obtain from the client a Section 206(3)
form for pre-settlement disclosure and consent.
We Do Not Consider Client Referrals in Selecting or Recommending Broker-Dealers.
Economic Benefits
As a registered investment adviser, we have access to the institutional platform of your account
custodian. As such, we will also have access to research products and services from your account
custodian and/or other brokerage firm. These products may include financial publications, information
about particular companies and industries, research software, and other products or services that
provide lawful and appropriate assistance to our firm in the performance of our investment decision-
making responsibilities. Such research products and services are provided to all investment advisers
that utilize the institutional services platforms of these firms, and are not considered to be paid for with
soft dollars. However, you should be aware that the commissions charged by a particular broker for a
particular transaction or set of transactions may be greater than the amounts another broker who did
not provide research services or products might charge.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
We do not receive client referrals from broker-dealers in exchange for cash or other compensation,
such as brokerage services or research.
Directed Brokerage
Persons providing investment advice on behalf of our firm who are registered representatives of Invex,
LLC would normally be required to recommend Invex, LLC to you for brokerage services. These
individuals are subject to applicable industry rules that restrict them from conducting securities
transactions away from Invex, LLC unless Invex, LLC provides the representatives with written
authorization to do so, which Invex, LLC has done in this case. Therefore, although these individuals
would generally be limited to conducting securities transactions through Invex, LLC, in this instance, as
noted above, they will generally recommend multiple broker-dealer/custodians. It may be the case that
multiple broker-dealer/custodians charges higher transaction costs and/or custodial fees than another
broker charges for the same types of services. However, if transactions were executed though Invex,
LLC these individuals (in their separate capacities as registered representatives of Invex, LLC) could
earn commission-based compensation as a result of placing the recommended securities transactions
through Invex, LLC. This practice would present a conflict of interest because these registered
representatives would have an incentive to effect securities transactions for the purpose of generating
commissions rather than solely based on your needs. You may utilize the broker-dealer of your choice
and have no obligation to purchase or sell securities through such broker as we recommend. However,
if you do not use the recommended broker, we may not be able to accept your account. See the Fees
and Compensation section in this brochure for more information on the compensation received by
registered representatives who are affiliated with our firm.
22
In limited circumstances, and at our discretion, some clients may instruct our firm to use one or more
particular brokers for the transactions in their accounts. If you choose to direct our firm to use a
particular broker, you should understand that this might prevent our firm from aggregating trades with
other client accounts or from effectively negotiating brokerage commissions on your behalf. This
practice may also prevent our firm from obtaining favorable net price and execution. Thus, when
directing brokerage business, you should consider whether the commission expenses, execution,
clearance, and settlement capabilities that you will obtain through your broker are adequately favorable
in comparison to those that we would otherwise obtain for you.
Block Trades
We combine multiple orders for shares of the same securities purchased for discretionary advisory
accounts we manage (this practice is commonly referred to as "block trading"). We will then distribute a
portion of the shares to participating accounts in a fair and equitable manner. Generally, participating
accounts will pay a fixed transaction cost regardless of the number of shares transacted. In certain
cases, each participating account pays an average price per share for all transactions and pays a
proportionate share of all transaction costs on any given day. In the event an order is only partially
filled, the shares will be allocated to participating accounts in a fair and equitable manner, typically in
proportion to the size of each client's order. Accounts owned by our firm or persons associated with our
firm may participate in block trading with your accounts; however, they will not be given preferential
treatment.
We do not block trade for non-discretionary accounts. Accordingly, non-discretionary accounts may
pay different costs than discretionary accounts pay. If you enter into non-discretionary arrangements
with our firm, we may not be able to buy and sell the same quantities of securities for you and you may
pay higher commissions, fees, and/or transaction costs than clients who enter into discretionary
arrangements with our firm.
Trade Aggregation and Allocation. Because we advise multiple clients, we endeavor to execute all
client transactions simultaneously on a best execution basis, however, there can be no assurance that
we will be successful due to factors outside of our control.
Item 13 Review of Accounts
Carlos Barrientos, CCO will monitor your accounts on an ongoing basis and will conduct account
reviews at least quarterly, to ensure the advisory services provided to you are consistent with your
investment needs and objectives. Additional reviews may be conducted based on various
circumstances, including, but not limited to:
• contributions and withdrawals,
• year-end tax planning,
• market moving events,
• security specific events, and/or,
• changes in your risk/return objectives.
The individuals conducting reviews may vary from time to time, as personnel join or leave our firm.
We will provide you with additional or regular written reports in conjunction with account reviews.
Reports we provide to you will contain relevant account and/or market-related information such as an
inventory of account holdings and account performance, etc. You will receive trade confirmations and
monthly or quarterly statements from your account custodian(s).
23
We engage in active management and frequent transactions on behalf of our clients and, accordingly,
review our transactions, positions and cash balances on a daily basis. The Chief Compliance Officer
and the Compliance Officer review the trade blotter on a daily basis.
Your advisor will review financial plans as needed, depending on the arrangements made with you at
the inception of your advisory relationship to ensure that the advice provided is consistent with your
investment needs and objectives. Generally, we will contact you periodically to determine whether any
updates may be needed based on changes in your circumstances. Changed circumstances may
include, but are not limited to marriage, divorce, birth, death, inheritance, lawsuit, retirement, job loss
and/or disability, among others. We recommend meeting with you at least annually to review and
update your plan if needed. Additional reviews will be conducted upon your request. Such reviews and
updates may be subject to our then current hourly rate. Written updates to the financial plan may be
provided in conjunction with the review. If you implement financial planning advice, you will receive
trade confirmations and monthly or quarterly statements from relevant custodians.
Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation
As disclosed under the Fees and Compensation section in this brochure, persons providing investment
advice on behalf of our firm are registered representatives with Invex, LLC, a securities broker-dealer,
and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and the Securities Investor Protection
Corporation. For information on the conflicts of interest this presents, and how we address these
conflicts, refer to the Fees and Compensation section.
Neither our firm nor any members, managers, officers, directors, or employees of our firm, receive any
economic benefit from non-clients for providing advisory services to our client.
While our compliance manual permits entering into arrangements with a third party to refer investors
for a fee so long as all arrangements are executed in accordance with Rule 206(4)-3 of the Advisers
Act, we currently have no such arrangements in place, nor do we intend to do so at this time.
Refer to the Brokerage Practices section above for disclosures on research and other benefits we may
receive resulting from our relationship with your account custodian.
Item 15 Custody
It is our practice not to accept or maintain physical possession of our clients' funds and/or
securities. We do not directly debit advisory fees from your account and we do not exercise custody
over your funds or securities. Your funds and securities will be held with a bank, broker-dealer, or other
qualified custodian. You will receive account statements from the qualified custodian(s) holding your
funds and securities. If you have a question regarding your account statement or if you did not receive
a statement from your custodian, contact your custodian directly.
Private Investment Companies
We serve as the investment adviser to Invex Dynamic Allocation Segregated Portfolio, Invex Income
Fund, Invex Short Duration Strategy, and Invex Global Opportunities (the "Fund," whether one or
more), a private pooled investment vehicle in which our clients are solicited to invest. The Fund is
offered to certain sophisticated investors, who meet certain requirements under applicable state and/or
federal securities laws. Investors to whom the Fund is offered will receive a private placement
memorandum and other offering documents. The fees charged by the Fund are separate and apart
from our advisory fees. You should refer to the offering documents for a complete description of the
24
fees, investment objectives, risks and other relevant information associated with investing in the Fund.
Persons affiliated with our firm may have made an investment in the Fund and may have an incentive
to recommend the Fund over other investments.
In our capacity as investment adviser to the Fund, we will have access to the Fund's funds and
securities, and therefore have custody over such funds and securities. We provide each investor in the
Fund with audited annual financial statements. If you are a Fund investor and have questions
regarding the financial statements or if you did not receive a copy, contact us directly at the telephone
number on the cover page of this brochure.
Item 16 Investment Discretion
Before we can buy or sell securities on your behalf, you must first sign our discretionary management
agreement and the appropriate trading authorization forms.
You may grant our firm discretion over the selection and amount of securities to be purchased or sold
for your account(s), the broker or dealer to be used for each transaction, and over the commission
rates to be paid without obtaining your consent or approval prior to each transaction. You may specify
investment objectives, guidelines, and/or impose certain conditions or investment parameters for your
account(s). For example, you may specify that the investment in any particular stock or industry should
not exceed specified percentages of the value of the portfolio and/or restrictions or prohibitions of
transactions in the securities of a specific industry or security. Refer to the Advisory Business section
in this Brochure for more information on our discretionary management services.
If you enter into non-discretionary arrangements with our firm, we will obtain your approval prior to the
execution of any transactions for your account(s). You have an unrestricted right to decline to
implement any advice provided by our firm on a non-discretionary basis.
Scope of Authority
Our firm accepts discretionary authority to manage our clients' assets. This means that we have the
authority to determine, without obtaining specific consent from underlying investors, which securities to
buy or sell and the amount of securities to buy or sell. Despite this broad authority, we are committed
to adhering to the investment strategy and program set forth in the offering documents of our private
investment vehicle and the managed account agreement for each managed account.
Procedures for Assuming Authority
With respect to the investment discretion related to the Fund, before accepting investor subscriptions
for interests in the Fund, we provide all potential investors in the Fund with an offering document which
sets forth in detail the investment strategy and program. With respect to investment discretion related
to a managed account relationship to be established between our firm and an investor, before
execution of the related managed account agreement, the investment mandate of the respective
managed account is agreed to in writing between the firm and the individual investor. By completing
our subscription documents to acquire an interest in the Fund or otherwise entering into a managed
account agreement, investors give us complete authority to manage the capital contributed in
accordance with the offering document received or the investment mandate contained in the managed
account agreement.
Item 17 Voting Client Securities
We have the sole authority to vote our clients' securities, and we adhere to an internal proxy voting
policy that governs our practices in exercising this voting authority. Our policy is to vote our clients'
proxies in the interest of maximizing shareholder value.
25
Votes on all proxy matters are determined on a case-by-case basis. We generally do not vote proxies
of an issuer where our client holds less than 5% of the shares outstanding in that issuer. In cases
where we do vote proxies, we determine whether the matter is routine or not routine. For routine
matters, we generally vote in the same manner recommended by the issuer's board unless it is
determined that our clients' best interests are not served by voting in the same manner recommended
by the issuer's board. For non-routine matters we review each matter on a case-by-case basis and
make a determination on how to vote based on our clients' best interest.
If a proxy vote creates a material conflict between the interests of our firm and our client, we will
resolve this conflict before voting the proxies. For example, we may disclose the existence and nature
of the conflict to you, and seek direction from you as to how to vote on a particular issue; we may
abstain from voting, particularly if there are conflicting interests for you (for example, where your
account(s) hold different securities in a competitive merger situation); or we will take other necessary
steps designed to ensure that a decision to vote is in your best interest and was not the product of the
conflict.
Records of proxy materials and votes are maintained in our office. A complete copy of our proxy voting
policies, procedures and prior voting history are available to investors upon request.
Item 18 Financial Information
We do not require nor do we solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 of fees per client, six months or
more in advance.
We are not aware of any financial condition that is likely to impair our ability to meet our contractual
commitments to our client.
We have never been the subject of a bankruptcy petition.
Item 19 Requirements for State-Registered Advisers
We are a federally registered investment adviser; therefore, we are not required to respond to this
item.
Item 20 Additional Information
Trade Errors
In the event a trading error occurs in your account, our policy is to restore your account to the position
it should have been in had the trading error not occurred. Depending on the circumstances, corrective
actions may include canceling the trade, adjusting an allocation, and/or reimbursing the account.
Class Action Lawsuits
We do not determine if securities held by you are the subject of a class action lawsuit or whether you
are eligible to participate in class action settlements or litigation nor do we initiate or participate in
litigation to recover damages on your behalf for injuries as a result of actions, misconduct, or
negligence by issuers of securities held by you.
26
IRA Rollover Considerations
As part of our investment advisory services to you, we may recommend that you withdraw the assets
from your employer's retirement plan and roll the assets over to an individual retirement account
("IRA") that we will manage on your behalf. If you elect to roll the assets to an IRA that is subject to our
management, we will charge you an asset based fee as set forth in the agreement you executed with
our firm. This practice presents a conflict of interest because persons providing investment advice on
our behalf have an incentive to recommend a rollover to you for the purpose of generating fee based
compensation rather than solely based on your needs. You are under no obligation, contractually or
otherwise, to complete the rollover. Moreover, if you do complete the rollover, you are under no
obligation to have the assets in an IRA managed by our firm.
Many employers permit former employees to keep their retirement assets in their company plan. Also,
current employees can sometimes move assets out of their company plan before they retire or change
jobs. In determining whether to complete the rollover to an IRA, and to the extent the following options
are available, you should consider the costs and benefits of:
1. Leaving the funds in your employer's (former employer's) plan.
2. Moving the funds to a new employer's retirement plan.
3. Cashing out and taking a taxable distribution from the plan.
4. Rolling the funds into an IRA rollover account.
Each of these options has advantages and disadvantages and before making a change we encourage
you to speak with your CPA and/or tax attorney.
If you are considering rolling over your retirement funds to an IRA for us to manage here are a few
points to consider before you do so:
1. Determine whether the investment options in your employer's retirement plan address your
needs or whether you might want to consider other types of investments.
1. Employer retirement plans generally have a more limited investment menu than IRAs.
2. Employer retirement plans may have unique investment options not available to the
public such as employer securities, or previously closed funds.
2. Your current plan may have lower fees than our fees.
1. If you are interested in investing only in mutual funds, you should understand the cost
structure of the share classes available in your employer's retirement plan and how the
costs of those share classes compare with those available in an IRA.
2. You should understand the various products and services you might take advantage of
at an IRA provider and the potential costs of those products and services.
3. Our strategy may have higher risk than the option(s) provided to you in your plan.
4. Your current plan may also offer financial advice.
5. If you keep your assets titled in a 401k or retirement account, you could potentially delay your
required minimum distribution beyond age 72.
6. Your 401k may offer more liability protection than a rollover IRA; each state may vary.
1. Generally, federal law protects assets in qualified plans from creditors. Since 2005, IRA
assets have been generally protected from creditors in bankruptcies. However, there
can be some exceptions to the general rules so you should consult with an attorney if
you are concerned about protecting your retirement plan assets from creditors.
7. You may be able to take out a loan on your 401k, but not from an IRA.
8. IRA assets can be accessed any time; however, distributions are subject to ordinary income tax
and may also be subject to a 10% early distribution penalty unless they qualify for an exception
such as disability, higher education expenses or the purchase of a home.
27
9. If you own company stock in your plan, you may be able to liquidate those shares at a lower
capital gains tax rate.
10.Your plan may allow you to hire us as the manager and keep the assets titled in the plan name.
It is important that you understand the differences between these types of accounts and to decide
whether a rollover is best for you. Prior to proceeding, if you have questions contact your investment
adviser representative, or call our main number as listed on the cover page of this brochure.
28