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Item 1: Cover Page
Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure
September 2025
Invictus Private Wealth, LLC
PMB 464
2921 W 38th Ave
Denver, CO 80211
www.invictusprivatewealth.com
Firm Contact:
Jodi Burnett
Chief Compliance Officer
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Invictus
Private Wealth, LLC. If clients have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact
us at 720-734-2453. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the
United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any State Securities Authority. Additional
information about our firm is also available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov by
searching CRD #317727.
Please note that the use of the term “registered investment adviser” and description of our firm
and/or our associates as “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training. Clients are
encouraged to review this Brochure and Brochure Supplements for our firm’s associates who advise
clients for more information on the qualifications of our firm and our employees.
Item 2: Material Changes
Invictus Private Wealth, LLC is required to notify clients of any information that has changed since
the last annual update of the Firm Brochure (“Brochure”) that may be important to them. Clients can
request a full copy of our Brochure or contact us with any questions that they may have about the
changes.
Since our last Annual Amendment filing, we have the following material changes to disclose:
• We have increased the maximum fee for our Comprehensive Portfolio Management service
to 2.00%.
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Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 1: Cover Page ....................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2: Material Changes ............................................................................................................................ 2
Item 3: Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 3
Item 4: Advisory Business .......................................................................................................................... 4
Item 5: Fees & Compensation ..................................................................................................................... 6
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management .............................................................. 7
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements ................................................................................... 8
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss ........................................................ 8
Item 9: Disciplinary Information .............................................................................................................. 14
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations .................................................................... 14
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation, or Interest in ............................................................................. 15
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ................................................................................................................... 16
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans ..................................................................................... 20
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation ................................................................................... 20
Item 15: Custody ....................................................................................................................................... 21
Item 16: Investment Discretion ............................................................................................................... 22
Item 17: Voting Client Securities .............................................................................................................. 22
Item 18: Financial Information ................................................................................................................ 22
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Item 4: Advisory Business
Our firm provides individuals and other types of clients with a wide array of investment advisory
services. Our firm is a limited liability company formed under the laws of the State of Delaware in
2022 and has been in business as an investment adviser since that time. Our firm is wholly owned by
Michael Caplan.
The purpose of this Brochure is to disclose the conflicts of interest associated with the investment
transactions, compensation and any other matters related to investment decisions made by our firm
or its representatives. As a fiduciary, it is our duty to always act in the client’s best interest. This is
accomplished in part by knowing our client. Our firm has established a service-oriented advisory
practice with open lines of communication for many different types of clients to help meet their
financial goals while remaining sensitive to risk tolerance and time horizons. Working with clients to
understand their investment objectives while educating them about our process, facilitates the kind
of working relationship we value.
Types of Advisory Services Offered
Comprehensive Portfolio Management:
As part of our Comprehensive Portfolio Management service clients will be provided asset
management, financial planning and/or consulting services. These services are designed to assist
clients in meeting their financial goals using a financial plan or consultation. Our firm conducts client
meetings to understand a client’s current financial situation, existing resources, financial goals, and
tolerance for risk. Based on what is learned, an investment approach is presented to the client,
consisting of individual stocks, bonds, ETFs, options, mutual funds and other public and private
securities or investments. Once the appropriate portfolio has been determined, portfolios are
continuously and regularly monitored and, if necessary, rebalanced based upon the client’s individual
needs, stated goals and objectives. Upon client request, our firm provides a summary of observations
and recommendations for the planning or consulting aspects of this service.
Financial Planning & Consulting:
Our firm provides a variety of standalone financial planning and consulting services to clients for the
management of financial resources based upon an analysis of current situation, goals, and objectives.
Financial planning services will typically involve preparing a financial plan or rendering a financial
consultation for clients based on the client’s financial goals and objectives. This planning or
consulting may encompass Investment Planning, Retirement Planning, Estate Planning, Charitable
Planning, Education Planning, Corporate and Personal Tax Planning, Cost Segregation Study,
Corporate Structure, Real Estate Analysis, Mortgage/Debt Analysis, Insurance Analysis, Lines of
Credit Evaluation, or Business and Personal Financial Planning.
Written financial plans or financial consultations rendered to clients usually include general
recommendations for a course of activity or specific actions to be taken by the clients.
Implementation of the recommendations will be at the discretion of the client. Our firm provides
clients with a summary of their financial situation, and observations for financial planning
engagements. Financial consultations are not typically accompanied by a written summary of
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observations and recommendations, as the process is less formal than the planning service. Assuming
that all the information and documents requested from the client are provided promptly, plans or
consultations are typically completed within 6 months of the client signing a contract with our firm.
Retirement Plan Consulting:
Our firm provides retirement plan consulting services to employer plan sponsors on an ongoing
basis. Generally, such consulting services consist of assisting employer plan sponsors in establishing,
monitoring, and reviewing their company's participant-directed retirement plan. As the needs of the
plan sponsor dictate, areas of advising may include:
•
• Establishing an Investment Policy Statement – Our firm will assist in the development of a
statement that summarizes the investment goals and objectives along with the broad
strategies to be employed to meet the objectives.
Investment Options – Our firm will work with the Plan Sponsor to evaluate existing
investment options and make recommendations for appropriate changes.
•
• Asset Allocation and Portfolio Construction – Our firm will develop strategic asset allocation
models to aid Participants in developing strategies to meet their investment objectives, time
horizon, financial situation, and tolerance for risk.
Investment Monitoring – Our firm will monitor the performance of the investments and
notify the client in the event of over/underperformance and in times of market volatility.
• Participant Education – Our firm will provide opportunities to educate plan participants
about their retirement plan offerings, different investment options, and general guidance on
allocation strategies.
In providing services for retirement plan consulting, our firm does not provide any advisory services
with respect to the following types of assets: employer securities, real estate (excluding real estate
funds and publicly traded REITS), participant loans, non-publicly traded securities or assets, other
illiquid investments, or brokerage window programs (collectively, “Excluded Assets”). All retirement
plan consulting services shall follow the applicable state laws regulating retirement consulting
services. This applies to client accounts that are retirement or other employee benefit plans (“Plan”)
governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”). If the
client accounts are part of a Plan, and our firm accepts appointment to provide services to such
accounts, our firm acknowledges its fiduciary standard within the meaning of Section 3(21) or 3(38)
of ERISA as designated by the Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement with respect to the provision
of services described therein.
Tailoring of Advisory Services
Our firm offers individualized investment advice to our Comprehensive Portfolio Management
clients. General investment advice will be offered to our Retirement Plan Consulting clients.
Our firm does not usually allow Comprehensive Portfolio Management clients to impose restrictions
on investing in certain securities or types of securities due to the level of difficulty this would entail
in managing their account. Exceptions will be made on a case-by-case basis.
Participation in Wrap Fee Programs
Our firm does not offer or sponsor a wrap fee program.
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Regulatory Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2024, our firm manages $1,347,885,164 on a discretionary basis and $6,442,472
on a non-discretionary basis, totaling $1,354,327,636 in Regulatory Assets Under Management.
Item 5: Fees & Compensation
Compensation for Our Advisory Services
Comprehensive Portfolio Management:
The maximum annual fee charged for this service will not exceed 2.00%. Fees to be assessed will be
outlined in the advisory agreement to be signed by the Client. Annualized fees are billed on a pro-
rata basis quarterly in advance based on the time weighted daily average value of the account(s) of
the previous quarter. Fees are negotiable and will be deducted from client account(s). Unless
otherwise agreed to in writing, our advisory fees will be assessed on cash and cash equivalents. Our
firm does not offer direct invoicing. As part of this process, Clients understand the following:
a) The client’s independent custodian sends statements at least quarterly showing the market
values for each security included in the Assets and all account disbursements, including the
amount of the advisory fees paid to our firm;
b) Clients will provide authorization permitting our firm to be directly paid by these terms. Our
firm will send an invoice directly to the custodian; and
c) If our firm sends a copy of our invoice to the client, a legend urging the comparison of
information provided in our statement with those from the qualified custodian will be
included.
Financial Planning & Consulting:
Our firm charges on an hourly or flat fee basis for financial planning and consulting services. The total
estimated fee, as well as the ultimate fee charged, is based on the scope and complexity of our
engagement with the client. Flat fees will not exceed $10,000. Our firm generally requires that fees
for Financial Planning and Consulting services be paid in advance via check made out to our firm. The
fee-paying arrangements will be determined on a case-by-case basis and will be detailed in the signed
consulting agreement. Our firm will not require a retainer exceeding $1,200 when services cannot be
rendered within 6 months.
Retirement Plan Consulting:
The maximum annual fee charged for this service will not exceed 0.50%. The ultimate fee charged is
based on the scope and complexity of our engagement with the client. The fee-paying arrangements
will be determined on a case-by-case basis and will be detailed in the signed consulting agreement.
Other Types of Fees & Expenses
Clients may incur transaction fees for trades executed by their chosen custodian. These transaction
fees are separate from our firm’s advisory fees and will be disclosed by the chosen custodian. Charles
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Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) does not charge transaction fees for U.S. listed equities and exchange
traded funds.
Clients may also pay holdings charges imposed by the chosen custodian for certain investments,
charges imposed directly by a mutual fund, index fund, or exchange traded fund, which shall be
disclosed in the fund’s prospectus (e.g., fund management fees and other fund expenses), distribution
fees, surrender charges, variable annuity fees, IRA and qualified retirement plan fees, mark-ups and
mark-downs, spreads paid to market makers, fees for trades executed away from custodian, wire
transfer fees and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities transactions. Our firm
does not receive a portion of these fees.
Termination & Refunds
Either party may terminate the advisory agreement signed with our firm for Comprehensive
Portfolio Management services in writing at any time. Upon notice of termination our firm will
process a pro-rata refund of the unearned portion of the advisory fees charged in advance.
Either party to a Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement may terminate at any time by providing
written notice to the other party. Full refunds will only be made in cases where cancellation occurs
within 5 business days of signing an agreement. After 5 business days from initial signing, either
party must provide the other party 30 days written notice to terminate billing. Billing will terminate
30 days after receipt of termination notice. Clients will be charged on a pro-rata basis, which takes
into account work completed by our firm on behalf of the client. Clients will incur charges for bona
fide advisory services rendered up to the point of termination (determined as 30 days from receipt
of said written notice) and such fees will be due and payable.
Commissionable Securities Sales
Representatives of our firm are registered representatives of Purshe Kaplan Sterling Investments,
Inc. (“PKS”), member FINRA/SIPC. As such they can accept compensation for the sale of securities or
other investment products, including distribution or service (“trail”) fees. Clients should be aware
that the practice of accepting commissions for the sale of securities presents a conflict of interest and
gives our firm and/or our representatives an incentive to recommend investment products based on
the compensation received. Our firm generally addresses commissionable sales conflicts that arise
when explaining to clients these sales create an incentive to recommend based on the compensation
to be earned and/or when recommending commissionable mutual funds, explaining that “no-load”
funds are also available. Our firm does not prohibit clients from purchasing recommended
investment products through other unaffiliated brokers or agents.
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management
Our firm does not charge performance-based fees.
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Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements
Client Types:
Individuals and High Net Worth Individuals; Trusts, Estates or Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans;
Corporations, Limited Liability Companies and/or Other Business Types
Account Requirements:
Our firm requires a minimum household account balance of $1,000,000 for our Comprehensive
Portfolio Management service. Generally, this minimum account balance requirement is not
negotiable and would be required throughout the course of the client’s relationship with our firm.
Exceptions may be made on a case-by-case basis at our firm’s discretion.
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis
We use the following methods of analysis in formulating our investment advice and/or managing
client assets:
Charting: In this type of technical analysis, our firm reviews charts of market and security activity
in an attempt to identify when the market is moving up or down and to predict how long the trend
may last and when that trend might reverse.
Cyclical Analysis: Statistical analysis of specific events occurring at enough relatively predictable
intervals that they can be forecasted into the future. Cyclical analysis asserts that cyclical forces drive
price movements in the financial markets. Risks include that cycles may invert or disappear and there
is no expectation that this type of analysis will pinpoint turning points, instead be used in conjunction
with other methods of analysis.
Fundamental Analysis: The analysis of a business's financial statements (usually to analyze the
business's assets, liabilities, and earnings), health, and its competitors and markets. When analyzing
a stock, futures contract, or currency using fundamental analysis there are two basic approaches one
can use: bottom up analysis and top down analysis. The terms are used to distinguish such analysis
from other types of investment analysis, such as quantitative and technical. Fundamental analysis is
performed on historical and present data, but with the goal of making financial forecasts. There are
several possible objectives: (a) to conduct a company stock valuation and predict its probable price
evolution; (b) to make a projection on its business performance; (c) to evaluate its management and
make internal business decisions; (d) and/or to calculate its credit risk.; and (e) to find out the
intrinsic value of the share.
When the objective of the analysis is to determine what stock to buy and at what price, there are two
basic methodologies investors rely upon: (a) Fundamental analysis maintains that markets may
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misprice a security in the short run but that the "correct" price will eventually be reached. Profits can
be made by purchasing the mispriced security and then waiting for the market to recognize its
"mistake" and reprice the security.; and (b) Technical analysis maintains that all information is
reflected already in the price of a security. Technical analysts analyze trends and believe that
sentiment changes predate and predict trend changes. Investors' emotional responses to price
movements lead to recognizable price chart patterns. Technical analysts also analyze historical
trends to predict future price movement. Investors can use one or both of these different but
complementary methods for stock picking. This presents a potential risk, as the price of a security
can move up or down along with the overall market regardless of the economic and financial factors
considered in evaluating the stock.
Qualitative Analysis: A securities analysis that uses subjective judgment based on unquantifiable
information, such as management expertise, industry cycles, strength of research and development,
and labor relations. Qualitative analysis contrasts with quantitative analysis, which focuses on
numbers that can be found on reports such as balance sheets. The two techniques, however, will often
be used together to examine a company's operations and evaluate its potential as an investment
opportunity. Qualitative analysis deals with intangible, inexact concerns that belong to the social and
experiential realm rather than the mathematical one. This approach depends on the kind of
intelligence that machines (currently) lack, since things like positive associations with a brand,
management trustworthiness, customer satisfaction, competitive advantage and cultural shifts are
difficult, arguably impossible, to capture with numerical inputs. A risk in using qualitative analysis is
that subjective judgment may prove incorrect.
Quantitative Analysis: The use of models, or algorithms, to evaluate assets for investment. The
process usually consists of searching vast databases for patterns, such as correlations among liquid
assets or price-movement patterns (trend following or mean reversion). The resulting strategies may
involve high-frequency trading. The results of the analysis are taken into consideration in the
decision to buy or sell securities and in the management of portfolio characteristics. A risk in using
quantitative analysis is that the methods or models used may be based on assumptions that prove to
be incorrect.
Sector Analysis: Sector analysis involves identification and analysis of various industries or
economic sectors that are likely to exhibit superior performance. Academic studies indicate that the
health of a stock's sector is as important as the performance of the individual stock itself. In other
words, even the best stock located in a weak sector will often perform poorly because that sector is
out of favor. Each industry has differences in terms of its customer base, market share among firms,
industry growth, competition, regulation, and business cycles. Learning how the industry operates
provides a deeper understanding of a company's financial health. One method of analyzing a
company's growth potential is examining whether the number of customers in the overall market is
expected to grow. In some markets, there is zero or negative growth, a factor demanding careful
consideration. Additionally, market analysts recommend that investors should monitor sectors that
are nearing the bottom of performance rankings for possible signs of an impending turnaround.
Technical Analysis: A security analysis methodology for forecasting the direction of prices
through the study of past market data, primarily price and volume. A fundamental principle of
technical analysis is that a market's price reflects all relevant information, so their analysis looks at
the history of a security's trading pattern rather than external drivers such as economic, fundamental
and news events. Therefore, price action tends to repeat itself due to investors collectively tending
toward patterned behavior – hence technical analysis focuses on identifiable trends and conditions.
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Technical analysts also widely use market indicators of many sorts, some of which are mathematical
transformations of price, often including up and down volume, advance/decline data and other
inputs. These indicators are used to help assess whether an asset is trending, and if it is, the
probability of its direction and of continuation. Technicians also look for relationships between
price/volume indices and market indicators. Technical analysis employs models and trading rules
based on price and volume transformations, such as the relative strength index, moving averages,
regressions, inter-market and intra-market price correlations, business cycles, stock market cycles
or, classically, through recognition of chart patterns. Technical analysis is widely used among traders
and financial professionals and is very often used by active day traders, market makers and pit
traders. The risk associated with this type of analysis is that analysts use subjective judgment to
decide which pattern(s) a particular instrument reflects at a given time and what the interpretation
of that pattern should be.
Investment Strategies We Use
We use the following strategies in managing client accounts, provided that such strategies are
appropriate to the needs of the client and consistent with the client's investment objectives, risk
tolerance, and time horizons, among other considerations:
Alternative Investments: Hedge funds, commodity pools, Real Estate Investment Trusts
(“REITs”), Business Development Companies (“BDCs”), and other alternative investments involve a
high degree of risk and can be illiquid due to restrictions on transfer and lack of a secondary trading
market. They can be highly leveraged, speculative and volatile, and an investor could lose all or a
substantial amount of an investment. Alternative investments may lack transparency as to share
price, valuation and portfolio holdings. Complex tax structures often result in delayed tax reporting.
Compared to mutual funds, hedge funds and commodity pools are subject to less regulation and often
charge higher fees. Alternative investment managers typically exercise broad investment discretion
and may apply similar strategies across multiple investment vehicles, resulting in less diversification.
Asset Allocation: The implementation of an investment strategy that attempts to balance risk
versus reward by adjusting the percentage of each asset in an investment portfolio according to the
investor's risk tolerance, goals and investment time frame. Asset allocation is based on the principle
that different assets perform differently in different market and economic conditions. A fundamental
justification for asset allocation is the notion that different asset classes offer returns that are not
perfectly correlated, hence diversification reduces the overall risk in terms of the variability of
returns for a given level of expected return. Although risk is reduced as long as correlations are not
perfect, it is typically forecast (wholly or in part) based on statistical relationships (like correlation
and variance) that existed over some past period. Expectations for return are often derived in the
same way.
An asset class is a group of economic resources sharing similar characteristics, such as riskiness and
return. There are many types of assets that may or may not be included in an asset allocation strategy.
The "traditional" asset classes are stocks (value, dividend, growth, or sector-specific [or a "blend" of
any two or more of the preceding]; large-cap versus mid-cap, small-cap or micro-cap; domestic,
foreign [developed], emerging or frontier markets), bonds (fixed income securities more generally:
investment-grade or junk [high-yield]; government or corporate; short-term, intermediate, long-
term; domestic, foreign, emerging markets), and cash or cash equivalents. Allocation among these
three provides a starting point. Usually included are hybrid instruments such as convertible bonds
and preferred stocks, counting as a mixture of bonds and stocks. Other alternative assets that may be
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considered include: commodities: precious metals, nonferrous metals, agriculture, energy, others.;
Commercial or residential real estate (also REITs); Collectibles such as art, coins, or stamps;
insurance products (annuity, life settlements, catastrophe bonds, personal life insurance products,
etc.); derivatives such as long-short or market neutral strategies, options, collateralized debt, and
futures; foreign currency; venture capital; private equity; and/or distressed securities.
There are several types of asset allocation strategies based on investment goals, risk tolerance, time
frames and diversification. The most common forms of asset allocation are: strategic, dynamic,
tactical, and core-satellite.
• Strategic Asset Allocation: The primary goal of a strategic asset allocation is to create an asset
mix that seeks to provide the optimal balance between expected risk and return for a long-
term investment horizon. Generally speaking, strategic asset allocation strategies are
agnostic to economic environments, i.e., they do not change their allocation postures relative
to changing market or economic conditions.
• Dynamic Asset Allocation: Dynamic asset allocation is similar to strategic asset allocation in
that portfolios are built by allocating to an asset mix that seeks to provide the optimal balance
between expected risk and return for a long-term investment horizon. Like strategic
allocation strategies, dynamic strategies largely retain exposure to their original asset
classes; however, unlike strategic strategies, dynamic asset allocation portfolios will adjust
their postures over time relative to changes in the economic environment.
• Tactical Asset Allocation: Tactical asset allocation is a strategy in which an investor takes a
more active approach that tries to position a portfolio into those assets, sectors, or individual
stocks that show the most potential for perceived gains. While an original asset mix is
formulated much like strategic and dynamic portfolio, tactical strategies are often traded
more actively and are free to move entirely in and out of their core asset classes
• Core-Satellite Asset Allocation: Core-Satellite allocation strategies generally contain a 'core'
strategic element making up the most significant portion of the portfolio, while applying a
dynamic or tactical 'satellite' strategy that makes up a smaller part of the portfolio. In this
way, core-satellite allocation strategies are a hybrid of the strategic and dynamic/tactical
allocation strategies mentioned above.
Fixed Income: Fixed income is a type of investing or budgeting style for which real return rates or
periodic income is received at regular intervals and at reasonably predictable levels. Fixed-income
investors are typically retired individuals who rely on their investments to provide a regular, stable
income stream. This demographic tends to invest heavily in fixed-income investments because of the
reliable returns they offer. Fixed-income investors who live on set amounts of periodically paid
income face the risk of inflation eroding their spending power.
Some examples of fixed-income investments include treasuries, money market instruments,
corporate bonds, asset-backed securities, municipal bonds and international bonds. The primary risk
associated with fixed-income investments is the borrower defaulting on his payment. Other
considerations include exchange rate risk for international bonds and interest rate risk for longer-
dated securities. The most common type of fixed-income security is a bond. Bonds are issued by
federal governments, local municipalities and major corporations. Fixed-income securities are
recommended for investors seeking a diverse portfolio; however, the percentage of the portfolio
dedicated to fixed income depends on your own personal investment style. There is also an
opportunity to diversify the fixed-income component of a portfolio. Riskier fixed-income products,
such as junk bonds and longer-dated products, should comprise a lower percentage of your overall
portfolio.
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The interest payment on fixed-income securities is considered regular income and is determined
based on the creditworthiness of the borrower and current market rates. In general, bonds and fixed-
income securities with longer-dated maturities pay a higher rate, also referred to as the coupon rate,
because they are considered riskier. The longer the security is on the market, the more time it has to
lose its value and/or default. At the end of the bond term, or at bond maturity, the borrower returns
the amount borrowed, also referred to as the principal or par value.
Long-Term Purchases: Our firm may buy securities for your account and hold them for a
relatively long time (more than a year) in anticipation that the security’s value will appreciate over a
long horizon. The risk of this strategy is that our firm could miss out on potential short-term gains
that could have been profitable to your account, or it’s possible that the security’s value may decline
sharply before our firm decides to sell.
Short-Term Purchases: When utilizing this strategy, our firm may also purchase securities with
the idea of selling them within a relatively short time (typically a year or less). Our firm does this in
an attempt to take advantage of conditions that our firm believes will soon result in a price swing in
the securities our firm purchase.
Covered Calls: The risks associated with this type of strategy involve having the underlying stock
called away. Each contract has a strike price at which the writer of the contract agrees to allow the
purchaser call the stock away from the writer. This can create a taxable event whereby the writer of
the option is required to recognize a capital gain on the underlying security. Furthermore, the market
price could appreciate beyond the strike price, forcing the writer to sell their holdings below current
market value.
Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. While the stock
market may increase and the account(s) could enjoy a gain, it is also possible that the stock market
may decrease and the account(s) could suffer a loss. It is important that clients understand the risks
associated with investing in the stock market, and that their assets are appropriately diversified in
investments. Clients are encouraged to ask our firm any questions regarding their risk tolerance.
Capital Risk: Capital risk is one of the most basic, fundamental risks of investing; it is the risk that
you may lose 100% of your money. All investments carry some form of risk and the loss of capital is
generally a risk for any investment instrument.
Economic Risk: The prevailing economic environment is important to the health of all businesses.
Some companies, however, are more sensitive to changes in the domestic or global economy than
others. These types of companies are often referred to as cyclical businesses. Countries in which a
large portion of businesses are in cyclical industries are thus also very economically sensitive and
carry a higher amount of economic risk. If an investment is issued by a party located in a country that
experiences wide swings from an economic standpoint or in situations where certain elements of an
investment instrument are hinged on dealings in such countries, the investment instrument will
generally be subject to a higher level of economic risk.
Equity (Stock) Market Risk: Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations
and, volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers
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change. If you held common stock, or common stock equivalents, of any given issuer, you would
generally be exposed to greater risk than if you held preferred stocks and debt obligations of the
issuer.
Fixed Income Securities Risk: Typically, the values of fixed-income securities change inversely
with prevailing interest rates. Therefore, a fundamental risk of fixed-income securities is interest rate
risk, which is the risk that their value will generally decline as prevailing interest rates rise, which
may cause your account value to likewise decrease, and vice versa. How specific fixed income
securities may react to changes in interest rates will depend on the specific characteristics of each
security. Fixed-income securities are also subject to credit risk, prepayment risk, valuation risk, and
liquidity risk. Credit risk is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest and principal in a
timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause
the price of a bond to decline.
Inflation Risk: Inflation risk involves the concern that in the future, your investment or proceeds
from your investment will not be worth what they are today. Throughout time, the prices of resources
and end-user products generally increase and thus, the same general goods and products today will
likely be more expensive in the future. The longer an investment is held, the greater the chance that
the proceeds from that investment will be worth less in the future than what they are today. Said
another way, a dollar tomorrow will likely get you less than what it can today.
Interest Rate Risk: Certain investments involve the payment of a fixed or variable rate of interest
to the investment holder. Once an investor has acquired or has acquired the rights to an investment
that pays a particular rate (fixed or variable) of interest, changes in overall interest rates in the
market will affect the value of the interest-paying investment(s) they hold. In general, changes in
prevailing interest rates in the market will have an inverse relationship to the value of existing,
interest paying investments. In other words, as interest rates move up, the value of an instrument
paying a particular rate (fixed or variable) of interest will go down. The reverse is generally true as
well.
Liquidity Risk: Certain assets may not be readily converted into cash or may have a very limited
market in which they trade. This can create a substantial delay in the receipt of proceeds from an
investment. Liquidity risk can also result in unfavorable pricing when exiting (i.e. not being able to
quickly get out of an investment before the price drops significantly) a particular investment and
therefore, can have a negative impact on investment returns.
Market Risk: The value of your portfolio may decrease if the value of an individual company or
multiple companies in the portfolio decreases or if our belief about a company’s intrinsic worth is
incorrect. Further, regardless of how well individual companies perform, the value of your portfolio
could also decrease if there are deteriorating economic or market conditions. It is important to
understand that the value of your investment may fall, sometimes sharply, in response to changes in
the market, and you could lose money. Investment risks include price risk as may be observed by a
drop in a security’s price due to company specific events (e.g. earnings disappointment or downgrade
in the rating of a bond) or general market risk (e.g. such as a “bear” market when stock values fall in
general). For fixed-income securities, a period of rising interest rates could erode the value of a bond
since bond values generally fall as bond yields go up. Past performance is not a guarantee of future
returns.
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Past Performance: Charting and technical analysis are often used interchangeably. Technical
analysis generally attempts to forecast an investment’s future potential by analyzing its past
performance and other related statistics. In particular, technical analysis often times involves an
evaluation of historical pricing and volume of a particular security for the purpose of forecasting
where future price and volume figures may go. As with any investment analysis method, technical
analysis runs the risk of not knowing the future and thus, investors should realize that even the most
diligent and thorough technical analysis cannot predict or guarantee the future performance of any
particular investment instrument or issuer thereof.
Strategy Risk: There is no guarantee that the investment strategies discussed herein will work
under all market conditions and each investor should evaluate his/her ability to maintain any
investment he/she is considering in light of his/her own investment time horizon. Investments are
subject to risk, including possible loss of principal.
Description of Material, Significant or Unusual Risks
Our firm generally invests client cash balances in money market funds, FDIC Insured Certificates of
Deposit, high-grade commercial paper and/or government backed debt instruments. Ultimately, our
firm tries to achieve the highest return on client cash balances through relatively low-risk
conservative investments. In most cases, at least a partial cash balance will be maintained in a money
market account so that our firm may debit advisory fees for our services related to our
Comprehensive Portfolio Management service.
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
There are no legal or disciplinary events that are material to the evaluation of our advisory business
or the integrity of our management.
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations
Representatives of our firm are registered representatives of PKS, member FINRA/SIPC, and licensed
insurance agents. As a result of these transactions, they receive normal and customary commissions.
A conflict of interest exists as these commissionable securities sales create an incentive to
recommend products based on the compensation earned. To mitigate this potential conflict, our firm
will act in the client’s best interest.
Michael Caplan is a non-practicing attorney. Legal services are not offered through our firm. Should
a client of our firm require legal services, they will be referred to a separate attorney. Our firm will
not receive any additional compensation for these referrals.
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Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation, or Interest in
Client Transactions & Personal Trading
As a fiduciary, it is an investment adviser’s responsibility to provide fair and full disclosure of all material
facts and to always act solely in the best interest of each of our clients. Our fiduciary duty is the
underlying principle for our firm’s Code of Ethics, which includes procedures for personal securities
transaction and insider trading. Our firm requires all representatives to conduct business with the
highest level of ethical standards and to always comply with all federal and state securities laws. Upon
employment with our firm, and at least annually thereafter, all representatives of our firm will
acknowledge receipt, understanding and compliance with our firm’s Code of Ethics. Our firm and
representatives must conduct business in an honest, ethical, and fair manner and avoid all circumstances
that might negatively affect or appear to affect our duty of complete loyalty to all clients. This disclosure
is provided to give all clients a summary of our Code of Ethics. If a client or a potential client wishes to
review our Code of Ethics in its entirety, a copy will be provided promptly upon request.
Our firm recognizes that the personal investment transactions of our representatives demands the
application of a Code of Ethics with high standards and requires that all such transactions be carried out
in a way that does not endanger the interest of any client. At the same time, our firm also believes that if
investment goals are similar for clients and for our representatives, it is logical, and even desirable, that
there be common ownership of some securities.
To prevent conflicts of interest, our firm has established procedures for transactions effected by our
representatives for their personal accounts1. To monitor compliance with our personal trading policy,
our firm has pre-clearance requirements and a quarterly securities transaction reporting system for all
our representatives.
Neither our firm nor a related person recommends, buys, or sells for client accounts, securities in
which our firm or a related person has a material financial interest without prior disclosure to the
client.
Related persons of our firm may buy or sell securities and other investments that are also
recommended to clients. To minimize this conflict of interest, our related persons will place client
interests ahead of their own interests and adhere to our firm’s Code of Ethics, a copy of which is
available upon request.
Likewise, related persons of our firm buy or sell securities for themselves at or about the same time they
buy or sell the same securities for client accounts. To minimize this conflict of interest, our related
persons will place client interests ahead of their own interests and adhere to our firm’s Code of Ethics, a
copy of which is available upon request. Further, our related persons will refrain from buying or selling
securities that will be bought or sold in client accounts unless done so after the client execution or
concurrently as a part of a block trade.
1 For purposes of the policy, our associate’s personal account generally includes any account (a) in the name of our associate, his/her spouse,
his/her minor children or other dependents residing in the same household, (b) for which our associate is a trustee or executor, or (c) which our
associate controls, including our client accounts which our associate controls and/or a member of his/her household has a direct or indirect
beneficial interest in.
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Item 12: Brokerage Practices
Custodian & Brokers Used
Our firm does not maintain custody of client assets (although our firm may be deemed to have
custody of client assets if give the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts. See Item 15
Custody, below). Client assets must be maintained in an account at a “qualified custodian,” generally
a broker-dealer or bank. Our firm recommends that clients use the Schwab Advisor Services division
of Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. (“Schwab”), a FINRA-registered broker-dealer, member SIPC, as the
qualified custodian. Our firm is independently owned and operated, and not affiliated with Schwab.
Schwab will hold client assets in a brokerage account and buy and sell securities when instructed.
While our firm recommends that clients use Schwab as custodian/broker, clients will decide whether
to do so and open an account with Schwab by entering into an account agreement directly with them.
Our firm does not open the account. Even though the account is maintained at Schwab, our firm can
still use other brokers to execute trades, as described in the next paragraph.
How Brokers/Custodians Are Selected
Our firm seeks to recommend a custodian/broker who will hold client assets and execute
transactions on terms that are overall most advantageous when compared to other available
providers and their services. A wide range of factors are considered, including, but not limited to:
•
•
•
combination of transaction execution services along with asset custody services (generally
without a separate fee for custody)
capability to execute, clear and settle trades (buy and sell securities for client accounts)
capabilities to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers, check
requests, bill payment, etc.)
• breadth of investment products made available (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange
traded funds (ETFs), etc.)
• availability of investment research and tools that assist in making investment decisions
•
quality of services
competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, margin interest rates, other
fees, etc.) and willingness to negotiate them
reputation, financial strength and stability of the provider
•
• prior service to our firm and our other clients
• availability of other products and services that benefit our firm, as discussed below (see
“Products & Services Available from Schwab”)
Custody & Brokerage Costs
Schwab generally does not charge a separate for custody services, but is compensated by charging
commissions or other fees to clients on trades that are executed or that settle into the Schwab
account. In addition to commissions, Schwab charges a flat dollar amount as a “prime broker” or
“trade away” fee for each trade that our firm has executed by a different broker-dealer but where the
securities bought or the funds from the securities sold are deposited (settled) into a Schwab account.
These fees are in addition to the commissions or other compensation paid to the executing broker-
dealer. Because of this, in order to minimize client trading costs, our firm has Schwab execute most
trades for the accounts.
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Products & Services Available from Schwab
Schwab Advisor Services is Schwab’s business serving independent investment advisory firms like
our firm. They provide our firm and clients with access to its institutional brokerage – trading,
custody, reporting and related services – many of which are not typically available to Schwab retail
customers. Schwab also makes available various support services. Some of those services help
manage or administer our client accounts while others help manage and grow our business. Schwab’s
support services are generally available on an unsolicited basis (our firm does not have to request
them) and at no charge to our firm. The availability of Schwab’s products and services is not based
on the provision of particular investment advice, such as purchasing particular securities for clients.
Here is a more detailed description of Schwab’s support services:
Services that Benefit Clients
Schwab’s institutional brokerage services include access to a broad range of investment products,
execution of securities transactions, and custody of client assets. The investment products available
through Schwab include some to which our firm might not otherwise have access or that would
require a significantly higher minimum initial investment by firm clients. Schwab’s services
described in this paragraph generally benefit clients and their accounts.
Services that May Not Directly Benefit Clients
Schwab also makes available other products and services that benefit our firm but may not directly
benefit clients or their accounts. These products and services assist in managing and administering
our client accounts. They include investment research, both Schwab’s and that of third parties. This
research may be used to service all or some substantial number of client accounts, including accounts
not maintained at Schwab. In addition to investment research, Schwab also makes available software
and other technology that:
• provides access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account
statements);
facilitates trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts;
facilitates payment of our fees from our clients’ accounts; and
•
• provides pricing and other market data;
•
• assists with back-office functions, recordkeeping and client reporting.
Services that Generally Benefit Only Our Firm
Schwab also offers other services intended to help manage and further develop our business
enterprise. These services include:
technology, compliance, legal, and business consulting;
• educational conferences and events
•
• publications and conferences on practice management and business succession; and
• access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants and insurance providers.
Schwab may provide some of these services itself. In other cases, Schwab will arrange for third-party
vendors to provide the services to our firm. Schwab may also discount or waive fees for some of these
services or pay all or a part of a third party’s fees. Schwab may also provide our firm with other
benefits, such as occasional business entertainment for our personnel.
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Irrespective of direct or indirect benefits to our client through Schwab, our firm strives to enhance
the client experience, help clients reach their goals and put client interests before that of our firm or
associated persons.
Our Interest in Schwab’s Services.
The availability of these services from Schwab benefits our firm because our firm does not have to
produce or purchase them. Our firm does not have to pay for these services, and they are not
contingent upon committing any specific amount of business to Schwab in trading commissions or
assets in custody.
In light of our arrangements with Schwab, a conflict of interest exists as our firm may have incentive
to require that clients maintain their accounts with Schwab based on our interest in receiving
Schwab’s services that benefit our firm rather than based on client interest in receiving the best value
in custody services and the most favorable execution of transactions. As part of our fiduciary duty to
our clients, our firm will endeavor at all times to put the interests of our clients first. Clients should
be aware, however, that the receipt of economic benefits by our firm or our related persons creates
a potential conflict of interest and may indirectly influence our firm’s choice of Schwab as a custodial
recommendation. Our firm examined this potential conflict of interest when our firm chose to
recommend Schwab and have determined that the recommendation is in the best interest of our firm’s
clients and satisfies our fiduciary obligations, including our duty to seek best execution.
In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the
transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of a
broker-dealer’s services, including the value of research provided, execution capability, commission
rates, and responsiveness. Although our firm will seek competitive rates, to the benefit of all clients,
our firm may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for specific client account
transactions. Our firm believes that the selection of Schwab as a custodian and broker is the best
interest of our clients. It is primarily supported by the scope, quality and price of Schwab’s services,
and not Schwab’s services that only benefit our firm.
Transition Assistance
In addition to the economic benefits mentioned above, Schwab provided our firm with financial
assistance to aid in the transitioning of our representatives’ books of business to Schwab’s platform
(“Transition Assistance”). No payment was made by Schwab to any member of our firm. Instead, the
proceeds made available to us were to pay for marketing, technology, and other start-up expenses.
The receipt of Transition Assistance creates a conflict of interest for our firm to recommend clients
use Schwab to custody their assets. In attempt to mitigate this conflict of interest, our firm has
evaluated Schwab’s full suite of services and recommends the use of Schwab based on the overall
value of such services. In any case, Clients should be aware of our conflict of interest and consider it
when determining whether to custody their assets with Schwab.
Aside from this, our firm does not receive soft dollars more than what is allowed by Section 28(e) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The safe harbor research products and services obtained by our
firm will generally be used to service all of our clients but not necessarily all at any one particular
time.
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Client Brokerage Commissions
Schwab does not make client brokerage commissions generated by client transactions available for
our firm’s use.
Client Transactions in Return for Soft Dollars
Our firm does not direct client transactions to a particular broker-dealer in return for soft dollar
benefits.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
Our firm does not receive brokerage for client referrals.
Directed Brokerage
Neither our firm nor any of our firm’s representatives have discretionary authority in making the
determination of the brokers-dealers and/or custodians with whom orders for the purchase or sale
of securities are placed for execution, and the commission rates at which such securities transactions
are effected. Our firm routinely recommends that clients direct us to execute through a specified
broker-dealer. Our firm recommends the use of Schwab. Each client will be required to establish their
account(s) with Schwab if not already done. Please note that not all advisers have this requirement.
Special Considerations for ERISA Clients
A retirement or ERISA plan client may direct all or part of portfolio transactions for its account
through a specific broker or dealer in order to obtain goods or services on behalf of the plan. Such
direction is permitted provided that the goods and services provided are reasonable expenses of the
plan incurred in the ordinary course of its business for which it otherwise would be obligated and
empowered to pay. ERISA prohibits directed brokerage arrangements when the goods or services
purchased are not for the exclusive benefit of the plan. Consequently, our firm will request that plan
sponsors who direct plan brokerage provide us with a letter documenting that this arrangement will
be for the exclusive benefit of the plan.
Client-Directed Brokerage
Our firm allows clients to direct brokerage outside our recommendation. Our firm may be unable to
achieve the most favorable execution of client transactions. Client directed brokerage may cost
clients more money. For example, in a directed brokerage account, clients may pay higher brokerage
commissions because our firm may not be able to aggregate orders to reduce transaction costs, or
clients may receive less favorable prices.
Aggregation of Purchase or Sale
Our firm provides investment management services for various clients. There are occasions on which
portfolio transactions may be executed as part of concurrent authorizations to purchase or sell the same
security for numerous accounts served by our firm, which involve accounts with similar investment
objectives. Although such concurrent authorizations potentially could be either advantageous or
disadvantageous to any one or more particular accounts, they are affected only when our firm believes
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that to do so will be in the best interest of the effected accounts. When such concurrent authorizations
occur, the objective is to allocate the executions in a manner which is deemed equitable to the accounts
involved. In any given situation, our firm attempts to allocate trade executions in the most equitable
manner possible, taking into consideration client objectives, current asset allocation and availability of
funds using price averaging, proration and consistently non-arbitrary methods of allocation.
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans
Our management personnel or financial advisors review accounts on at least an annual basis for our
Comprehensive Portfolio Management clients. The nature of these reviews is to learn whether client
accounts are in line with their investment objectives, appropriately positioned based on market
conditions, and investment policies, if applicable. Our firm does not provide written reports to clients,
unless asked to do so. Verbal reports to clients take place on at least an annual basis when our
Comprehensive Portfolio Management clients are contacted.
Our firm may review client accounts more frequently than described above. Among the factors which
may trigger an off-cycle review are major market or economic events, the client’s life events, requests
by the client, etc.
Retirement Plan Consulting clients receive reviews of their retirement plans for the duration of the
service. Our firm also provides ongoing services where clients are met with upon their request to
discuss updates to their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc. Retirement Plan Consulting clients
do not receive written or verbal updated reports regarding their plans unless they choose to engage
our firm for ongoing services.
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation
Schwab
Our firm receives economic benefit from Schwab in the form of the support products and services
made available to our firm and other independent investment advisors that have their clients
maintain accounts at Schwab. These products and services, how they benefit our firm, and the related
conflicts of interest are described above (see Item 12 – Brokerage Practices). The availability of
Schwab’s products and services is not based on our firm giving particular investment advice, such as
buying particular securities for our clients.
Referral Fees
Our firm does not pay referral fees (non-commission based) to independent solicitors (non-
registered representatives) for the referral of their clients to our firm in accordance with Rule 206
(4)-3 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
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Item 15: Custody
Deduction of Advisory Fees:
While our firm does not maintain physical custody of client assets (which are maintained by a
qualified custodian, as discussed above), we are deemed to have custody of certain client assets if
given the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts, as further described below under “Third
Party Money Movement.” All our clients receive account statements directly from their qualified
custodian(s) at least quarterly upon opening of an account. We urge our clients to carefully review
these statements. Additionally, if our firm decides to send its own account statements to clients, such
statements will include a legend that recommends the client compare the account statements
received from the qualified custodian with those received from our firm. Clients are encouraged to
raise any questions with us about the custody, safety or security of their assets and our custodial
recommendations.
Third Party Money Movement:
On February 21, 2017, the SEC issued a no‐action letter (“Letter”) with respect to Rule 206(4)‐2
(“Custody Rule”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). The letter provided
guidance on the Custody Rule as well as clarified that an adviser who has the power to disburse client
funds to a third party under a standing letter of authorization (“SLOA”) is deemed to have custody.
As such, our firm has adopted the following safeguards in conjunction with our custodian:
• The client provides an instruction to the qualified custodian, in writing, that includes the
client’s signature, the third party’s name, and either the third party’s address or the third
party’s account number at a custodian to which the transfer should be directed.
• The client authorizes the investment adviser, in writing, either on the qualified custodian’s
form or separately, to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or from
time to time.
• The client’s qualified custodian performs appropriate verification of the instruction, such as
a signature review or other method to verify the client’s authorization and provides a transfer
of funds notice to the client promptly after each transfer.
• The client has the ability to terminate or change the instruction to the client’s qualified
custodian.
• The investment adviser has no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the
third party, the address, or any other information about the third party contained in the
client’s instruction.
• The investment adviser maintains records showing that the third party is not a related party
of the investment adviser or located at the same address as the investment adviser.
• The client’s qualified custodian sends the client, in writing, an initial notice confirming the
instruction and an annual notice reconfirming the instruction.
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Item 16: Investment Discretion
Our firm manages accounts for our Comprehensive Portfolio Management services on a discretionary
basis. After you sign an agreement with our firm, we are allowed to buy and sell investments in your
account without asking you in advance. Any limitations will be described in the signed advisory
agreement. We will have discretion until the advisory agreement is terminated by you or our firm.
Our Retirement Plan Consulting services are offered on non-discretionary basis.
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
Our firm votes client proxies when authorized to do so in writing by a client. Our firm understands
our duty to vote client proxies and to do so in the best interest of our clients. Furthermore, it is
understood that any material conflicts between our interests and those of our clients with regard to
proxy voting must be resolved before proxies are voted. Our firm subscribes to a proxy monitor and
voting agent service offered by Broadridge Investor Communication Solutions, Inc. (“Broadridge”),
which includes access to proxy analyses with research and vote recommendations from Glass, Lewis
& Co. (“Glass Lewis”). Our firm will generally vote in accordance with the recommendations of Glass
Lewis, but may vote in a different fashion on particular votes if our firm determines that such actions
are in the best interest of our clients. Where applicable, our firm will consider any specific voting
guidelines designated in writing by a client. Clients may request a copy of our written policies and
procedures regarding proxy voting and/or information on how particular proxies were voted by
contacting our Chief Compliance Officer, Jodi Burnett, by phone at (720) 734-2455 or email at
jodi.burnett@invictuspw.com.
Item 18: Financial Information
Our firm is not required to provide financial information in this Brochure because:
• Our firm does not require the prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees when services cannot
be rendered within 6 months.
• Our firm does not take custody of client funds or securities.
• Our firm does not have a financial condition or commitment that impairs our ability to meet
contractual and fiduciary obligations to clients.
• Our firm has never been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
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