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Ivanoff Wealth Management, Inc.
Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Ivanoff
Wealth Management, Inc. (Ivanoff). If you have any questions about the contents of this
brochure, please contact us at 714-262-1658 or by email at: travis@ivanoffwealth.com. The
information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities
and Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority.
We are a registered investment advisor. Registration does not imply a certain level of skill or
training.
Additional information about Ivanoff is also available on the SEC’s website at
www.advisorinfo.sec.gov. Ivanoff’s CRD number is: 325275.
6021 Katella Ave, Suite 125
Cypress, CA 90630
714-262-1658
Travis@ivanoffwealth.com
Ivanoffwealthmanagement.com
Version Date: April 14, 2026
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Form ADV 2A
Item 2: Material Changes
This Item identifies and summarizes only those material changes that have occurred since the
last annual update of our firm brochure. Since that time, we have made the following material
changes:
Item 4:
Our most recent assets under management calculation has been updated.
Item 5:
A new fee schedule was updated for Gradient Investments and for sub-advisors.
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Item 3: Table of Contents
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Item 2: Material Changes
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Item 3: Table of Contents
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Item 4: Advisory Business
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Item 5: Fees and Compensation
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Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
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Item 7: Types of Clients
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Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Investment Loss
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Item 9: Disciplinary Information
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
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Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions & Personal Trading 18
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Item 12: Brokerage Practices
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Item 13: Review of Accounts
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Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation
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Item 15: Custody
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Item 16: Investment Discretion
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Item 17: Voting Client Securities
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Item 18: Financial Information
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Item 4: Advisory Business
Introduction and Overview
Ivanoff Wealth Management Inc. (“Ivanoff”) was founded in 2017 and become registered to
offer advisory services in 2023. Travis Ivanoff is 100% owner.
Types of Advisory Services
Ivanoff offers discretionary asset management services to advisory Clients. Ivanoff will offer
Clients ongoing asset management services through determining individual investment goals,
time horizons, objectives, and risk tolerance. Investment strategies, investment selection, asset
allocation, portfolio monitoring and the overall investment program will be based on the above
factors. The Client will authorize Ivanoff discretionary authority to execute selected investment
program transactions as stated within the Investment Advisory Agreement.
As part of the services provided, the Client may have a financial plan completed. This may
include but is not limited to a thorough review of all applicable topics such as Investments,
Taxes, Qualified Plans, Insurance, Retirement Income, College Planning, Home Buying,
Budgeting, Debt Management, Emergency Funds, and Risk Tolerance Assessment. If a conflict
of interest exists between the interests of Ivanoff and the interests of the Client, the Client is
under no obligation to act upon Ivanoff’s recommendation. If the Client elects to act on any of
the recommendations, the Client is under no obligation to effect the transaction through Ivanoff.
This service will be provided at no additional cost to the Client.
When deemed appropriate for the Client, Ivanoff may hire Sub-Advisors to manage all or a
portion of the assets in the Client account. Ivanoff has full discretion to hire and fire Sub-
Advisors as they deem suitable. Sub-Advisors will maintain the models or investment strategies
agreed upon between Sub-Advisor and Ivanoff. Sub-Advisors execute trades on behalf of
Ivanoff in Client accounts. Ivanoff will be responsible for the overall direct relationship with the
Client. Ivanoff retains the authority to terminate the Sub-Advisor relationship at Ivanoff’s
discretion.
Ivanoff has also entered into a Co-Advisor relationship with Gradient Investments, LLC (GI).
Ivanoff will provide information to each client regarding the services offered by GI as the
portfolio manager. Ivanoff will assist the Client to determine the appropriate model selection
based on the Client’s investment objectives and risk tolerance. Ivanoff will have full discretion
on an ongoing basis to select suitable models to maintain client’s risk tolerance. Ivanoff will
share in the management fees charged by GI as described in Item 5 of this brochure.
Client Tailored Services and Client Imposed Restrictions
The goals and objectives for each Client are documented in our Client files. Investment
strategies are created that reflect the stated goals and objectives. Clients may impose restrictions
on investing in certain securities or types of securities.
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Agreements may not be assigned without written Client consent.
Department of Labor Fiduciary Status
When we provide investment advice to you regarding your retirement plan account or
individual retirement account, we are fiduciaries within the meaning of Title I of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are
laws governing retirement accounts. The way we make money creates some conflicts with your
interests, so we operate under a special rule that requires us to act in your best interest and not
put our interest ahead of yours. Under this special rule’s provisions, we must:
• Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations (give
prudent advice);
• Never put our financial interests ahead of yours when making recommendations (give
loyal advice);
• Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
• Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is in your
best interest;
• Charge no more than is reasonable for our services; and
• Give you basic information about conflicts of interest.
Assets under Management (AUM)
On April 13, 2026, our total assets under management (“AUM”) are $ 173,968,647.
Discretionary assets under management are $ 173,968,647 and we have no non-discretionary
assets under management or accounts.
Item 5: Fees and Compensation
Subadvisory Fees
Ivanoff offers discretionary direct asset management services to advisory Clients. Ivanoff
charges an annual investment advisory fee based on the total assets under management as
follows:
Assets Under Management
Ivanoff’s Fee
Monthly Fee
1.0%
0.0833%
0.80%
0.0667%
0.60%
0.05%
0.50%
0.0417%
0.40%
0.0333%
0.30%
0.025%
First $1,000,000 ($0-$1,000,000)
Your next $2,000,000
($1,000,000.01 - $3,000,000)
Your next $2,000,000
($3,000,000.01 - $5,000,000)
Your next $5,000,000
($5,000,000.01 - $10,000,000
Your next $15,000,000
($10,000,000.01 - $25,000,000
Subsequent amounts
($25,000,000.01+)
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This is a tiered/blended fee schedule, the asset management fee is calculated by applying
different rates to different portions of the portfolio. Ivanoff may group certain related Client
accounts for the purposes of achieving the minimum account size and determining the
annualized fee.
For example (based on monthly billing period):
Client with $1,500,000 under management would pay $14,113.00 on an annual basis. (*Includes
service fee.)
AUM
Monthly fee
Total
First $1,000,000
x 0.0833% =
$833.00
Next $500,000
x 0.0667% =
$333.50
Grand total for the month
$1,171.50 (*includes $5 monthly
service fee)
+ $5 Monthly Service Fee*
* The $5 Monthly Service Fee is the technology fee charged per account or investment strategy
for performance and other reporting. This fee is disclosed in our Client Agreement (Schedule D:
Schedule of Fees).
The annual fee is negotiable based upon certain criteria (e.g., historical relationship, type of
assets, anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated future additional assets, dollar amounts
of assets to be managed, related accounts, account composition, negotiations with Clients, etc.).
Fees are billed monthly in arrears based on the amount of assets managed as of the close of
business on the last business day of the previous month.
Lower fees for comparable services may be available from other sources. Clients may terminate
their account within five (5) business days of signing the Investment Advisory Agreement with
no obligation and without penalty. After the initial five (5) business days, the agreement may be
terminated by Ivanoff with thirty (30) days written notice to Client and by the Client at any time
with written notice to Ivanoff. For accounts opened or closed mid-billing period, fees will be
prorated based on the days services are provided during the given period. All unpaid earned
fees will be due to Ivanoff. Client shall be given thirty (30) days prior written notice of any
increase in fees. Any increase in fees will be acknowledged in writing by both parties before any
increase in said fees occurs.
Ivanoff may also utilize the services of a Sub-Advisor to manage Clients’ investment portfolios.
Ivanoff will enter into Sub-Advisor agreements with other registered investment advisor firms.
When using Sub-Advisors, the Client will pay additional fees up to 1.00% of assets under
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management annually. Sub-Advisor directly deducts their portion of the fee separately from
Ivanoff.
Co-Advisory Fees
Ivanoff has entered into a Co-Advisor Agreement with Gradient Investments, LLC (“GI”) SEC
number 801-70812. GI is a Registered Investment Advisor registered with the Securities and
Exchange Commission that provides investment portfolio advice and supervisory services.
GI offers an actively managed program of mutual fund and stock portfolios. The fee will be
disclosed to the Client in the Investment Advisory Agreement and are negotiable. The Clients
fee for these services will be based on a percentage of assets under management as follows:
Portfolio
GI Fee*
Custom Indexing - Strategic
Strategic
Custom Indexing - Allocation
Allocation
Tactical
Defined Outcome
Private Wealth
Preservation
Client Directed Accounts
Asset
Valuation
All Assets
All Assets
All Assets
All Assets
All Assets
All Assets
All Assets
All Assets
All Assets
Stated Total
Annual Fee
1.65%
1.50%
1.65%
1.50%
1.50%
1.50%
1.50%
1.00%
$300
0.65%
0.50%
0.65%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.40%
$300
Ivanoff Fee
(Negotiable)
1.00%
1.00%
1.00%
1.00%
1.00%
1.00%
1.00%
0.60%
$0
For Client Directed Accounts (CDA), GI will assist in the opening, closing and transferring of
accounts. GI will not have discretion at any time on these accounts. Client is solely responsible
for the assets held within the accounts and their values which could increase or decrease
(potential loss of principal). GI will not execute trades in CDA accounts. GI exceptions will be
made for withdrawals to client or assets transferred into a GI managed portfolio. GI will also
provide performance reporting on these accounts and can furnish 3rd party analysis reports per
the client’s request. Similar services may be available through other sources for a lower fee.
These are flat fee schedules, the entire portfolio is charged the same asset management fee.
Example:
Portfolio
Calculation
Quarterly Fee
Custom Indexing – Strategic:
($750,000*1.65%) * (91/365)
$3,085.27
Strategic Portfolio:
($750,000*1.50%) * (91/365)
$2,804.79
Tactical Portfolio:
($750,000*1.50%) * (91/365)
$2.804.79
Custom Indexing – Allocation:
($750,000*1.65%) * (91/365)
$3,085.27
Allocation & Defined Outcome Portfolio:
($750,000*1.50%) * (91/365)
$2,804.79
Private Wealth Portfolio:
($750,000*1.50%) * (91/365)
$2,804.79
Preservation Portfolio:
($750,000*1.00%) * (91/365)
$1,869.86
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Fee Calculation: (Quarter End Value x Annual Fee %) x (Days in Quarter/Days in Year) + $15
Quarterly Service Fee*
* The $15 Quarterly Service Fee is the technology fee charged per account or investment
strategy for performance and other reporting. This fee is disclosed in our ADV Part 2A (Item 5:
Fees and Compensation) and in our Investment Proposal and Contract (Schedule D: Schedule of
Fees).
The above fees are negotiable. Fees are assessed quarterly in arrears based on the amount of the
assets managed as of the end of the previous quarter and will take into account additions and
withdrawals in the time period. All management fees are withdrawn from the Client’s account
unless otherwise noted. GI will receive written authorization from the Client to deduct advisory
fees from their account held by a qualified custodian. GI will pay Ivanoff their share of the fees.
Ivanoff does not have access to deduct Client fees. Clients may terminate their account within
five (5) business days of signing the investment advisory agreement without penalty or
obligation. For terminations after the initial five business days, GI will be entitled to a pro-rata
fee for the days service was provided in the final quarter. GI will pay Ivanoff their portion of the
final fee.
Incentive Program - GI
In addition to the regular advisory fee, GI has instituted a long-term incentive arrangement by
Ivanoff can share in GI’s portion of the management fee. This does not change the cost to the
Client; it is a sharing arrangement paid from GI’s portion of the advisory fee. The incentive
arrangement will be paid annually according to the following table:
Ivanoff Quarterly AUM with GI
$10,000,000
$25,000,000
$50,000,000
$75,000,000
Participation rate in GI’s fee
3.00%
10.00%
12.50%
15.00%
Once Ivanoff reaches and maintains the thresholds listed above, the participation rate applies to
all of the AUM for the quarter.
To receive the incentive award, Ivanoff needs to meet two qualifications. First, the quarter end
billable AUM must be above the threshold amounts specified. Second, Ivanoff must be an advisor
“in good standing” with GI at the time the annual checks are issued. “In good standing” means
the advisor is proactively placing assets with GI.
This relationship will be disclosed to the Client in each contract between Ivanoff and Third Party
Money Manager. Ivanoff does not charge additional management fees for Third Party managed
account services. Client's signature is required to confirm consent for services within Third Party
Investment Agreement. Client will initial Ivanoff Investment Advisory Agreement to
acknowledge receipt of Third Party fee Schedule and required documents including Form ADV
Part 2 disclosures.
Client Payment of Fees
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Fees for asset management services are deducted from a designated Client account. The Client
must consent in advance to direct debiting of their investment account.
Fees for asset management services provided by TPM are deducted from a designated Client
account by TPM to facilitate billing. The Client must consent in advance to direct debiting of
their investment account.
Additional Client Fees Charged
Custodians may charge transaction fees and other related costs on the purchases or sales of
mutual funds, equities, bonds, options and exchange-traded funds. Mutual funds, money
market funds and exchange-traded funds also charge internal management fees, which are
disclosed in the fund’s prospectus. Ivanoff does not receive any compensation from these fees.
All of these fees are in addition to the management fee you pay to Ivanoff. For more details on
the brokerage practices, see Item 12 of this brochure.
Prepayment of Client Fees
Ivanoff does not require any prepayment of fees.
If the Client cancels after five (5) business days, any unearned fees will be refunded to the
Client, or any unpaid earned fees will be due to Ivanoff.
External Compensation for the Sale of Securities to Clients
Investment Advisor Representatives of Ivanoff receive external compensation from sales of
investment related products such as insurance as licensed insurance agents. This represents a
conflict of interest because it gives an incentive to recommend products based on the
commission received. This conflict is mitigated by disclosures, procedures, and Ivanoff’s
fiduciary obligation to place the best interest of the Client first and Clients are not required to
purchase any products or services. Clients have the option to purchase these products through
another insurance agent of their choosing.
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Fees are not based on a share of the capital gains or capital appreciation of managed securities.
Ivanoff does not use a performance-based fee structure because of the conflict of interest.
Performance based compensation may create an incentive for Ivanoff to recommend an
investment that may carry a higher degree of risk to the Client.
Item 7: Types of Clients
We generally provide advisory services to the following types of clients:
Individuals
•
• High-Net-Worth Individuals
• Other registered investment advisors
• Defined Contribution & Defined Benefit Retirement Plans
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• Corporate and Institutional Investors
Minimum Account Size
There is no account minimum.
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Investment Loss
Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies:
We generally do not directly provide ongoing investment management services. Instead, we
have engaged subadvisors or co-advisors to manage client portfolios on a discretionary basis.
We evaluate and subadvisors or co-advisors based on a variety of qualitative and quantitative
factors, which may include the investment philosophy, performance history, organizational
stability, investment process, and adherence to regulatory and compliance requirements of the
subadvisors or co-advisors. Once selected, we monitor the performance and investment
strategies of the subadvisors or co-advisors on an ongoing basis to ensure they remain
consistent with client objectives and our due diligence criteria. Generally, the subadvisors or co-
advisors may employ a combination of fundamental, technical, and quantitative analysis in
managing the portfolios. Investment strategies cover a diverse range of investment objectives
and risk tolerances, and therefore may include a variety of asset class exposures, including
equity, fixed income, and alternative asset classes.
Risks Involved with Our Managed Portfolios and Specialty Solutions:
Selection of Other Advisers – Although we seek to select only those subadvisors or co-advisors
who will invest your assets with the highest level of integrity, our selection process cannot
ensure that the selected subadvisor or co-advisor will have positive performance or outperform
a particular benchmark. We do not have control over the day-to-day operations of the
subadvisor or co-advisor.
Active Management Risk - This process concentrates on factors that are believed to lead to the
quality and future success of particular money managers. The risk assumed is that the manager
will fail to perform as expected.
Asset Allocation Risk - The success of asset allocation depends upon the manager’s ability to
make decisions that will achieve an account’s objectives. Asset categories may not perform as
expected due to economic and market influences both foreign and domestic and anticipated
returns may not be realized.
Commodities-Related Risks – Commodities may provide protection against inflation and/or the
inability of fiat currencies to maintain their store of real value as well as increased
diversification through reduced correlations relative to other asset classes. However, it is also
important to understand that commodity-related investments are often highly volatile and can
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be significantly affected by commodity prices, world events, import controls, worldwide
competition, government regulations, and economic conditions.
Credit Risk - The value of a portfolio may change in response to changes in the credit ratings of
the portfolio’s securities. Generally, investment risk and price volatility increase as a security’s
credit rating declines.
Default Risk - High Yield bonds are considered speculative and are susceptible to default or
decline in value due to adverse economic and business developments.
Dilution Risks - Issuers of private placements may be required to raise additional capital. Future
issuance of additional securities could dilute the ownership stakes of issuer’s then-existing
owners, and there can be no assurance that the effects of such dilution will not be substantial.
Additionally, any new class units that might be issued in the future may negatively impact the
issuer’s then-existing owners.
Emerging Markets Risk - Investments in emerging markets may be subject to a greater risk of loss
than investments in more developed markets. Emerging markets may be more likely to
experience inflation risk, political turmoil and rapid changes in economic conditions than more
developed markets. Emerging markets often have less consistency in accounting and reporting
requirements, unreliable securities valuation and greater risk associated with custody of
securities.
Equity Market Risk – Stocks have risk in that their returns and the principal invested in them is
not guaranteed and they are subject to changing market conditions. Small stocks are more
volatile than large stocks and are subject to significant price fluctuations.
Foreign Risk – Foreign investments are subject to the same risks as domestic investments and
additional risks, including international trade, currency, political, regulatory and diplomatic
risks, which may affect their value. Also, foreign securities are subject to the risk that their
market price may not reflect the issuer’s condition because there is not sufficient publicly
available information about the issuer.
Inflation Risk - The value of assets or income from investments may be worth less in the future
as inflation decreases the value of money.
Interest Rate Risk - Portfolios may change in response to the movement of interest rates. The
price of a fixed income security will generally fall when interest rates rise.
Liquidity Risk - Markets can experience a decline in liquidity which can negatively impact the
prices of various security types and increase the difficulty to sell these securities. Further, the
ability to purchase or sell large positions of certain securities may take time and have an impact
on the price.
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Market Index Risk – Many of the investments we utilize are largely influenced by the value of the
indices they track or the asset class they represent. As the index value or asset class changes in
response to news and general economic conditions of domestic, international and
commodity/natural resource markets in general, so will the value of the ETF or mutual fund.
This can result in a loss of your initial investment.
Political Risk - Government decisions may damage the value of your investments. Changes to
social security, benefits law, and tax law may impact your financial decisions. Any foreign
investments may be impacted by the decisions of their local governments.
Portfolio Rebalancing Risk - Depending on the rebalancing strategy implemented, long-term or
short-term trading may be involved. Trading can affect investment performance, particularly
through increased brokerage and other transaction costs and taxes. Short-term trading generally
holds greater risk and you should be aware that there is a material risk of loss using short-term
strategies.
Privately Held Investment Risks – Privately held investments typically hold more risk to the
investor than publicly traded investments since they do not fall under the same regulatory
requirements. As they are not publicly traded, an active market may not readily exist, which
means they lack liquidity. They also typically have substantial fees relative to other types of
investments. Additionally, investments in privately held companies or products have differing
tax ramifications which can be complex in nature.
Sector Risk - When a substantial portion of assets is devoted to a particular market sector or
industry, there is potentially greater volatility compared to broadly diversified strategies. A
market sector or industry may underperform the market as a whole for a variety of reasons.
Tax Risks - Some of the products offered are subject to tax law that is complex and subject to
varying interpretations. Moreover, the effect of existing income tax laws and possible changes
in such laws will vary with the particular circumstances of each investor. You should consult
with and rely on your own tax professional with respect to the possible tax consequences,
including risks and advantages, of an investment.
Timing Risk - While it is likely that stocks will gain over the next two decades, this may not be
the case over the short-term. If you need to protect your principal investment over the short-
term, timing is an important risk to consider.
Investing in securities involves a risk of loss that you, as a client, should be prepared to bear.
Risks of Specific Securities Utilized:
Investing in securities involves risk. Seeking to obtain higher rates of return on investments
typically entails accepting higher levels of risk. We or your investment advisor representative
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will work with you to identify the balance of risks and rewards that is appropriate and
comfortable for you. However, it is still your responsibility to ask questions if you do not fully
understand the risks associated with any investment or investment strategy. Also, while we
strive to render our best judgment on your behalf, many economic and market variables beyond
our control can affect the performance of your investments and we cannot assure that your
investments will be profitable or that no losses will occur in your investment portfolio.
Past performance is one consideration with respect to any investment or investment advisor,
but it is not a predictor of future performance.
We or your investment advisor representative will discuss with you the investment risks of the
recommended securities to determine the investment objectives that will guide your portfolio
selection. We will explain and answer any questions you have about these kinds of investments,
which present special considerations.
Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) - ETFs are registered investment companies that derive their value
from a basket of securities such as stocks, bonds, commodities or indices, and are traded on
market exchanges. ETFs are usually traded on a secondary market at a market price that may be
higher or lower than its net asset value and may not have liquidity under severe market
conditions. There may be brokerage commissions associated with buying and selling ETF
shares. ETFs are generally passively managed vehicles which are designed to seek the
investment results that correspond to the price and yield of an index. Sometimes referred to as
“tracking error,” expenses and other factors may affect the performance of an ETF so that the
ETF’s performance does not exactly match the performance of its respective underlying indexes.
However, certain ETFs are actively managed and do not just seek to passively track an index;
instead, they seek to achieve a specified investment objective using an active investment
strategy. The value of an ETF will fluctuate with the value of its underlying securities. Equity-
based ETFs have a similar risk profile to that of equities, while fixed income-based ETFs have a
risk profile that is similar to bonds.
Exchange-Traded Note (ETN) - ETNs are issued as senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt
obligations of an underlying bank or other financial institution. They are linked to the
performance of an index, underlying security, or commodity. Similar to ETFs, ETNs trade on a
market exchange. However, unlike ETFs, ETNs carry credit risk related to the issuer’s ability to
pay back the note. This means that the market value of ETNs can be adversely affected by
downgrades in the creditworthiness of the underlying issuing financial institution. In the
extreme case that the issuer of the ETN goes bankrupt, you may lose your entire investment. In
contrast, if an ETF were to suffer bankruptcy or close, you would usually receive cash for the
market value of the basket of securities or, in the case of larger positions, you may request to
take distribution of the underlying securities. While the performance of ETNs is linked to the
performance of an underlying index, security, or commodity, you do not own any underlying
assets.
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Open-End Mutual Fund - An open-end fund is a registered investment company that does not
have restrictions on the number of shares the fund can issue. Generally, open-end funds are
actively managed, meaning that the portfolio manager buys and sells securities with the goal of
outperforming the fund’s stated benchmark. These funds may have significant tracking error or
active risk, which is the risk of fund returns deviating from the benchmark returns. Open-end
fund shares are bought and sold on demand at their net asset value (NAV), which is based on
the value of the fund’s underlying securities and is calculated at the end of the trading day.
When a large number of shares are redeemed, the fund may sell some of its investments to pay
the investor. This may lead to liquidity risk which is caused by a lack of ready cash to properly
handle shareholder transactions.
Structured Product - Structured products are unsecured debt securities of an issuer that are
linked to the performance of an underlying asset, such as a basket of securities or market index.
As unsecured debt securities, structured products are not backed by collateral and they are
subject to the creditworthiness of the issuer to make interest payments and repay principal.
Structured products are typically the combination of a note (or other corporate bond) and a
derivative (such as an option). Structured products are complex and may use advanced trading
techniques such as leverage, options, futures, swaps, and other derivatives which lead to
additional risks. Investing in a structured product should not be compared to investing in the
underlying asset, as the features and risks may differ significantly. The structured product may
not provide a return, may lose all principal invested, and/or may provide a return significantly
less than what you could have received by investing directly in the underlying asset or other
security. Structured products may not be appropriate for those seeking current income, as they
may not pay interest or the interest they pay may vary in amount or timing. You should
carefully read the offering documents and make sure you fully understand the specific terms
and conditions for that product. Structured products may not be listed on a national securities
exchange and a guaranteed secondary market does not exist for structured products. Issuing
banks and other parties may be willing to repurchase them prior to maturity. This value
appears in an account, represents an estimate of the current repurchase value and may be at a
substantial discount from your original investment. Therefore, you may not be able to sell the
structured product prior to maturity. Structured products are long-term investments designed
to be held to maturity, at which point the issuing bank is obligated to provide a value consistent
with the terms of the investment. Structured products have an uncertain tax treatment due to
limited guidance. You should consult with a tax advisor prior to investing in a structured
product. Market-Linked CDs (MLCDs) and Principal Protected Notes (PPNs) are two types of
structured products. PPNs are not FDIC insured, whereas MLCDs are FDIC insured. FDIC
coverage generally applies to the amount of invested principal only. If you hold more than the
FDIC-insured limitations in deposits with the issuing bank, you will not receive the benefit of
FDIC insurance for any balance in excess of FDIC limits. For more information, please visit
www.fdic.gov.
Variable Annuity - Variable Annuities are tax-deferred investments structured to convert a sum
of money into a series of payments over time. Variable annuity policies have limitations and are
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not viewed as short-term liquid investments. An insurance company's fulfillment of a
commitment to pay a minimum death benefit, a schedule of payments, a fixed investment
account, or another form of guarantee depends on the claims-paying ability of the issuing
insurance company. The financial ratings quoted for an insurance company do not apply to the
separate account and its subaccount. The insurance company offering a variable annuity will
charge several fees, including annual contract charges that compensate the insurance company
for the cost of maintaining and administering the contract, mortality and expense risk (M&E
Risk) charges based on a percentage of a subaccount’s assets to cover costs associated with
mortality and expense risk, and administration fees that are based on a percentage of a
subaccount’s assets to cover the costs involved in offering and administering the subaccount.
You will also be charged ongoing fees related to the management of the fund and possibly be
subject to surrender charges if you make a withdrawal prior to a specified time. If the variable
annuity subaccount is invested in a money-market fund, the money market fund is not FDIC-
insured, may lose money, and is not guaranteed by a bank or other financial institution.
Fixed Indexed Annuity – Fixed Indexed Annuities are long-term financial products designed
largely for asset accumulation and retirement needs. All guarantees are backed by the claims-
paying ability of the issuing insurance company. Annuities generally contain fees and charges
which include, but are not limited to, surrender charges, administrative fees and for optional
contract riders and benefits. Withdrawals and death benefits may be subject to income tax. If
withdrawals and other distributions are received prior to age 59 ½, a 10% penalty may apply.
Annuities typically carry surrender charges for several years that may be assessed against
withdrawals. Certain annuity product features, such as stepped-up death benefit, a bonus
credit, and a guaranteed minimum income benefit, will generally incur additional fees. If you
are investing in an annuity through a tax-advantaged plan such as an IRA, you will get no
added tax advantage. Any comments regarding safe or secure investments or guarantees of
income refer only to fixed insurance products and do not refer in any way to securities or
investment advisory products.
Bonds - Investing in the bond market is subject to risks, including market, interest rate, issuer
credit, inflation risk, default risk, and liquidity risk. The value of most bonds and bond
strategies is impacted by changes in interest rates. Bonds and bond strategies with longer
durations tend to be more sensitive and volatile than those with shorter durations; bond prices
generally fall as interest rates rise. Bond investments may be worth more or less than the
original cost when redeemed.
Municipal Bonds - Municipal Bond investing is subject to risks, including market, interest rate,
issuer credit, inflation risk, default risk, and liquidity risk. The value of most bonds and bond
strategies is impacted by changes in interest rates. Bonds and bond strategies with longer
durations tend to be more sensitive and volatile than those with shorter durations; bond prices
generally fall as interest rates rise. Bond investments may be worth more or less than the
original cost when redeemed. Income from municipal bonds may be subject to the Alternative
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Minimum Tax (AMT), and capital appreciation from discounted bonds may be subject to state
or local taxes. Capital gains are not exempt from federal income tax.
Equities - Equities are securities that represent the ownership of a fraction of the issuing
corporation, which entitles the shareholder to a proportion of the corporation's assets and
profits. Stocks are typically bought and sold on stock exchanges and trading must conform to
government regulations meant to protect investors from fraudulent practices. Corporate
property is legally separated from that of the shareholder, which limits the liability of both the
corporation and the shareholder. There is broad market risk involved with any form of stock
market investing, known as systematic risk. However, investing in individual equities can
introduce unsystematic, or stock-specific risk which impacts those investing in a certain
industry, company, or specific area of the stock market. This risk is typically characterized as
business, financial, strategic, operational, and legal risk. Unsystematic risk can be highly
unpredictable and can have a more probable likelihood of occurrence relative to systematic risk.
529 Program - A 529 program is a tax-advantaged savings plan designed to help pay for
education. 529 programs are intended to be used only to save for Qualified Education
Expenses. These programs are not intended to be used, nor should they be used, for the purpose
of evading federal or state taxes or tax penalties. You should seek tax advice from an
independent tax advisor based on your particular circumstances. Most 529 plans are invested in
exchange-traded funds or open-end mutual funds; however, other investment types are
possible such as stable value funds, certificates of deposit, and separate accounts. Before
investing, you should consider whether you or your designated beneficiary's home state offers
any state tax benefits or other state benefits such as financial aid, scholarship funds, and
protection from creditors, that are only available for investments in such state's 529 qualified
tuition program.
Health Savings Account - A Health Savings Account is a tax-advantaged savings plan designed to
help pay for eligible medical expenses. These accounts are available to individuals and families
who have high-deductible health plans. Health Savings Accounts are not intended to be used,
nor should they be used, for the purpose of evading federal or state taxes or tax penalties. You
should seek tax advice from an independent tax advisor based on your particular
circumstances. Most Health Savings Accounts function similarly to traditional savings accounts;
however, other investment types are possible such as exchange-traded funds and open-end
mutual funds.
1031 Exchange - 1031 Exchanges are governed by the IRS tax code associated with the deferral of
capital gains on the sale of an investment property when subsequently purchasing a “like kind”
property that is the same in nature and character. Substantial fees and expenses could be
incurred and there are strict timing limitations imposed on these transactions. For example, if
the transaction is not properly constructed and executed in a timely manner, all tax benefits
associated with the transaction may be lost while potentially incurring additional tax liability.
As 1031 exchanges are based on real estate investments for which there may be no readily
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available market, there is liquidity risk. Additionally, the following real estate investment risks
are possible: no guarantee of cash distributions; operational risks associated with property
management and ownership; risk of the property being overleveraged; tax risks; interest rate
risks; economic risks; risks of terrorism; environmental risks; liability risks; zoning, city
ordinance, and or legal compliance risks; title and escrow risks; credit risks; and risks of
obsolescence.
Delaware Statutory Trust (DST) - A Delaware Statutory Trust (DST) is a trust formed by a
sponsor and managed by trustees or managers for real estate investment purposes and is only
available to accredited investors who meet certain income and net worth requirements. DSTs
identify as separate legal entities; this means the owners have limited liability in regard to the
operations and assets in the trust. Typically, DSTs are sector-specific but can include diversified
exposure to residential, healthcare, office, and industrial property options. The risks involved
with investing in DSTs include the potential for excessive fees, lack of liquidity, lack of share
value transparency, distributions that may come from the principal investment, an inability to
collect rent, vacancies, inflation and other increases in operating costs, and adverse changes in
laws and regulations applicable to owners of real estate. It is important for you to review all
offering materials from the product sponsor.
Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) - A Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) is a company or
investment trust that retains diverse portfolios of real estate assets. Privately traded REITs are
only available to accredited investors who meet certain income and net worth requirements.
Publicly traded REITs have shares that can be bought and sold on major stock exchanges.
Typically, REITs are sector-specific but can include diversified exposure to residential,
healthcare, office, and industrial property options. The risks involved with investing in REITs
can include the potential for excessive fees, lack of liquidity, lack of share value transparency,
distributions that may come from the principal investment, an inability to collect rent,
vacancies, inflation and other increases in operating costs, and adverse changes in laws and
regulations applicable to owners of real estate. It is important for you to review all offering
materials from the product sponsor.
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
We have no legal or disciplinary events that are material to your evaluation of us or the
integrity of our management to disclose.
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Material Relationships Maintained by this Advisory Business and Conflicts of Interest
President Travis Ivanoff is also a licensed insurance agent with Travis Ivanoff Insurance
Services Inc. Approximately 40% of Travis Ivanoff’s time is spent in this practice. He will offer
Clients services from those activities.
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Mr. Ivanoff is also an Investment Advisor Representative for Tucker Asset Management LLC.
He will remain in this role through his transition to Ivanoff Wealth Management Inc.
These practices represent conflicts of interest because it gives an incentive to recommend
products based on the commission amount received. This conflict is mitigated by disclosures,
procedures and the firm’s fiduciary obligation to place the best interest of the Client first and
the Clients are not required to purchase any products. Clients have the option to purchase these
products through another insurance agent of their choosing.
Recommendations or Selections of Other Investment Advisors and Conflicts of Interest
We utilize the services of subadvisors or co-advisors to manage some or all of our clients’ assets
on a discretionary basis and in accordance with their stated investment objectives. Subadvisors
and co-advisors execute all trades on our behalf. We retain the authority to terminate the
subadvisor or co-advisor at our discretion. We conduct ongoing due diligence on our
subadvisory and co-advisory relationships, and ensure that any selected subadvisors or co-
advisors are properly registered as an investment advisor. This practice represents a conflict of
interest which is mitigated by our disclosures, policies and procedures, code of ethics, and by
our fiduciary duty to place your best interests first above all others. Please refer to Item 4 and
Item 5 for additional information on our use of subadvisors and co-advisors.
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading
Code of Ethics
The affiliated persons (affiliated persons include employees and/or independent contractors) of
Ivanoff have committed to a Code of Ethics (“Code”). The purpose of our Code is to set forth
standards of conduct expected of Ivanoff affiliated persons and addresses conflicts that may
arise. The Code defines acceptable behavior for affiliated persons of Ivanoff. The Code reflects
Ivanoff and its supervised persons’ responsibility to act in the best interest of their Client.
One area which the Code addresses is when affiliated persons buy or sell securities for their
personal accounts and how to mitigate any conflict of interest with our Clients. We do not allow
any affiliated persons to use non-public material information for their personal profit or to use
internal research for their personal benefit in conflict with the benefit to our Clients.
Ivanoff’s policy prohibits any person from acting upon or otherwise misusing non-public or
inside information. No advisory representative or other affiliated person, officer or director of
Ivanoff may recommend any transaction in a security or its derivative to advisory Clients or
engage in personal securities transactions for a security or its derivatives if the advisory
representative possesses material, non-public information regarding the security.
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Ivanoff’s Code is based on the guiding principle that the interests of the Client are our top
priority. Ivanoff’s officers, directors, advisors, and other affiliated persons have a fiduciary duty
to our Clients and must diligently perform that duty to maintain the complete trust and
confidence of our Clients. When a conflict arises, it is our obligation to put the Client’s interests
over the interests of either affiliated persons or the company.
The Code applies to “access” persons. “Access” persons are affiliated persons who have access
to non-public information regarding any Clients' purchase or sale of securities, or non-public
information regarding the portfolio holdings of any reportable fund, who are involved in
making securities recommendations to Clients, or who have access to such recommendations
that are non-public.
Ivanoff will provide a copy of the Code of Ethics to any Client or prospective Client upon
request.
Investment Recommendations Involving a Material Financial Interest and Conflict of Interest
Ivanoff and its affiliated persons do not recommend to Clients securities in which we have a
material financial interest.
Advisory Firm Purchase of Same Securities Recommended to Clients and Conflicts of Interest
Ivanoff and its affiliated persons may buy or sell securities that are also held by Clients. In order
to mitigate conflicts of interest such as trading ahead of Client transactions, affiliated persons
are required to disclose all reportable securities transactions as well as provide Ivanoff with
copies of their brokerage statements.
The Chief Compliance Officer of Ivanoff is Travis Ivanoff. He reviews all trades of the affiliated
persons each quarter. The personal trading reviews ensure that the personal trading of affiliated
persons does not affect the markets and that Clients of the firm receive preferential treatment
over associated persons’ transactions.
Client Securities Recommendations or Trades and Concurrent Advisory Firm Securities
Transactions and Conflicts of Interest
Ivanoff does not have a material financial interest in any securities being recommended.
However, affiliated persons may buy or sell securities at the same time they buy or sell
securities for Clients. In order to mitigate conflicts of interest such as front running, affiliated
persons are required to disclose all reportable securities transactions as well as provide Ivanoff
with copies of their brokerage statements.
The Chief Compliance Officer of Ivanoff is Travis Ivanoff. He reviews all trades of the affiliated
persons each quarter. The personal trading reviews ensure that the personal trading of affiliated
persons does not affect the markets and that Clients of the firm receive preferential treatment
over associated persons’ transactions.
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Item 12: Brokerage Practices
Custodian Selection
When you engage us directly for our portfolio management services, we generally require that
you establish an account at Charles Schwab to use their custody, brokerage, and clearing
services. This custodian is qualified to hold your assets and offer services to independent
investment advisors, which include custody of securities, trade execution, and clearance and
settlement of transactions. We ask that you give us a written direction in our advisory
agreement to use one of our custodial partners as the custodian for your account(s).
Additionally, while we may recommend a custodian to you, you will make the final selection
and open your account with them by entering into a separate account agreement directly with
them. We do not open the account for you, although we may assist you with the paperwork in
doing so. Even though your account is maintained with them, we will have discretion to use
them or other brokers to execute trades for your account as described below.
Factors Used to Select Custodians
We have a duty to obtain best execution for client transactions, which means we must execute
transactions in such a manner that your total costs or proceeds in each transaction are most
favorable under the circumstances. In selecting the custodian to execute securities transactions,
we consider the full range of services offered by the custodian, including, but not limited to:
• Combination of transaction execution and asset custody services (generally without a
separate fee for custody);
• Capability to execute, clear, and settle trades (buy and sell securities for your account);
• Ability to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers, check
requests, bill payment, etc.);
• Breadth of available investment products (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, ETFs, etc.);
• Availability of investment research and tools that assist us in making investment
decisions. These include recent news, graphs, charts, historical earnings data, balance
sheet data, estimates of future earnings, and other information;
• Quality of services, including additional reports that include gains and losses (both
realized and unrealized);
• Competitiveness of the price of services (commission rates, margin interest rates, other
fees, etc.) and willingness to negotiate the prices. We believe the brokerage services from
our custodial partners are competitive with comparable firms for comparable services.
• Reputation, financial strength, and stability;
• Prior service to us and our other clients; and
• Availability of other products and services that benefit us, as discussed below (see
“Products and Services Available to Us”).
Relationships with Prime Brokers
Under a Prime Broker agreement, we may "trade away" for certain transactions. Fixed income
transactions may be traded away for liquidity or best execution purposes. Fixed Income
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securities that are traded away are subject to Prime Broker fees, which is a different brokerage
cost (may be better or worse depending on the complexity of the order) than if the trades were
done at the client’s custodian. These bonds will be custodied in the client's account at their
custodian. Equity transactions may be traded away in certain circumstances for best execution
purposes. Equities that are traded away receive a net price (price of the security inclusive of the
Prime Broker’s commission, which is a different brokerage cost and may be better or worse,
depending on the complexity of the order, than if the trades were done at the client’s
custodian). These equities will be custodied in the client’s account at their custodian. Brokerage
fees incurred from trading through one of our Prime Brokers is shown on client’s trade
confirmations and statements.
Your Brokerage and Custody Costs
For our direct clients who have accounts at one of our custodians, the custodians do not charge
you separately for custody services, but are paid by charging you commissions or other fees on
trades that they execute or that settle in your account. We negotiated our commission rates with
them on behalf of all our clients and not with respect to any specific client. While these
commission rates may be higher than available from other discount and online brokers, we
believe that the additional services and investment reports provided are of more value to us and
our clients than the lower priced alternatives that provide fewer services. Therefore, we have
our custodians execute most individual securities trades for your account to minimize your
trading costs. We also use these custodians for most ETF and mutual fund transactions because
they provide a wide array of no-load or institutional class mutual fund shares with no
transaction costs to our clients. While it is our objective to obtain the lowest transaction costs
possible for our clients, due to some account or asset transfer processes it is possible for clients
to be charged transaction costs that exceed the amount of the transaction itself. In an effort to
prevent these egregious fees to our clients, we maintain a policy that enforces a procedure by
which transactions such as these are flagged for review in order to properly reverse or reduce
these costs. Generally, we have determined that having our custodians execute most trades is
consistent with our duty to seek “best execution” of your trades. Best execution means the most
favorable terms for a transaction based on all relevant factors, including those listed above in
the section titled, “Factors Used to Select Custodians.”
In certain situations, the use of margin access through your respective custodian may be
approved by us. In these cases, additional fees and interest on margin account balances may
apply. These fees and interest costs are separate and independent from any fees charged by or
paid to us. We receive no additional direct compensation as a result of any client’s use of
margin access at their custodian. There are risks involved with utilizing margin access,
including a potential drop in the underlying security value which will force the client to deposit
additional cash or securities to cover the maintenance margin call issued by the custodian. A
custodian has the right to increase the minimum amount required in a margin account, sell your
securities without notice or sue you if a margin call is not fulfilled. The use of margin is most
suitable for sophisticated investors with a thorough understanding of the risks and
requirements involved.
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Client Directed Brokerage Arrangements
Directing us to use a specific broker could, in some transactions, result in higher commissions
and charges where we might otherwise go directly to a market maker in the security. Limiting
the number of brokers we regularly work with leads to efficiencies that help keep our advisory
fees lower.
Soft Dollars
We have not and do not intend to enter into any contractual third party soft-dollar
arrangements. An example of such an arrangement may include a situation where we commit
to place a specific level of brokerage commissions and in return the broker pays for various
research-related products or services that are generally available for cash purchase.
Products and Services Available to Us
We generally receive benefits because clients use certain custodians for their brokerage
transactions and custody services or because our subadvisory services are available through
certain custodians. The services made available may be used to benefit all clients’ accounts, as
well as our personal and proprietary accounts. The services include, among others, brokerage,
custodial, and administrative support, recordkeeping, and related services that are intended to
support us in conducting business for your account and in serving your best interests. These
programs and services are essential to our service arrangements and capabilities. The
availability of the services from these custodians benefits us because we do not have to
purchase them separately. While this is a potential conflict of interest, we believe that this is
mitigated by the following:
• You will make the final selection when choosing the custodian.
• All of the services received are provided by custodians on an unsolicited basis.
• Custodians do not pay us any compensation or give us referrals in exchange for
recommending their services to clients.
• The services provided are not tied to a specific level of brokerage activity or
•
commissions achieved.
In all cases, you will be provided with a copy of all applicable firm brochures which
describe the applicable brokerage practices.
Aggregation of Client Orders
We may aggregate orders for securities transactions for more than one client based on our trade
aggregation and allocation policy. In doing so, we strive to treat you fairly and will not favor
one client or proprietary account over another. When executed, we will allocate the aggregated
order in accordance with policies and procedures intended to achieve fair treatment. The
purpose of aggregating orders is to obtain the same price for each client in any given security,
obtain better execution for the aggregated order than might be achieved by processing each of
the transactions separately, expedite the placement and processing of trade orders, as well as for
our administrative convenience. The following standards are maintained for aggregated orders:
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• Disclose the trade aggregation policies and procedures to all clients;
• Aggregate transactions only if consistent with our duty of best execution;
• Allocate orders on a pro rata basis for partially filled orders;
• Do not favor any client over another, and each client participating in the order will
participate at an average share price of all transactions in that security on the day of
execution;
• Allocate transaction costs on a pro rata basis for each client’s participation in the
transaction. Some brokers charge brokerage commissions to each participating client in
accordance with the size of that client’s part of the aggregated order, regardless of the
total size of the aggregated order;
• Maintain accurate records relating to the aggregated trades, including a list of each client
account that is included in an aggregated order, as well as the securities held by, bought,
and sold for that client;
• Do not hold client assets collectively any longer than necessary to settle the purchase or
sale transaction;
• Do not receive any additional compensation or remuneration as a result of any aggregated
order;
• Render individual advice and treatment to each client;
• Make allocation decisions in a timely manner, which generally means prior to placing the
order;
• Exclude orders for ERISA plan clients and clients having a directed brokerage relationship
from aggregated orders for those non-ERISA plan clients who do not have a directed
brokerage relationship (even within the same broker). A consequence of not aggregating
a client’s order with other orders for the same securities is that the client may not obtain
as good a price or as low a cost in a separate transaction as clients whose orders have been
aggregated; and
• Perform periodic reviews of all aggregated orders and block allocations to ensure that our
policies and procedures are adhered to and that trades are being allocated in a fair and
equitable manner.
Trade Rotation
To help ensure equal investment opportunity for all clients, we have implemented a regular
rotation in the order by which trades are placed at each Custodian. The order in which trades
are executed at each Custodian is sequentially rotated for each regular trading cycle. Trading
cycles generally occur on a daily, weekly, and quarterly basis. In situations where it is beneficial
for one or more Client to purchase or sell a security (limited investment opportunities), we will
allocate the opportunity proportionally among the eligible clients. Our proprietary accounts
and personal accounts will not be traded in a favorable manner over client accounts.
Trade Error Policy
We have the responsibility to process orders correctly, promptly, and in your best interest. The
purpose of our trade errors policies and procedures is to identify and correct any trade errors as
promptly as possible without disadvantaging you or benefiting us in any way.
Examples of trade errors may include:
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• Purchase or sale of an incorrect or unintended security or number of securities for a
client;
• Purchase or sale of a security for the incorrect or unintended client;
• Purchase or sale of a security that was not authorized by you or is inconsistent with
applicable law or regulations (e.g. prohibited transaction under ERISA);
• Purchase or sale transpositions (where an intended purchase is entered as a sale, or vice
versa); and
• Trade misallocations.
In most cases, we can correct all trade errors through an error account with the applicable
Custodian. If a trade error does occur and a trade correction is needed, we will not pass the
costs (including any losses) on to you, will bear all costs associated with correcting the trade
error, will not use Soft Dollars to pay for correcting the trade error, and will not use another
client’s account to correct the trade error. If a trade error results in a gain, the gain will be given
to charitable causes. When we act as a subadvisor for a third-party investment advisor, the
trade error policies and procedures of the third-party investment advisor will apply if a trade
error occurs. However, if it is our trade error, the trade error will be corrected through our error
account at the client’s custodian.
Item 13: Review of Accounts
Frequency and Nature of Periodic Reviews and Who Makes Those Reviews
Your assigned investment advisor representative reviews your accounts at least annually,
unless you engaged us for one-time, project-based services. These individuals are instructed to
review your investments based on your investment policies, risk tolerance, and investment
objectives. All of our clients are assigned to these reviewers.
Factors That Will Trigger a Non-Periodic Review of Client Accounts
Reviews may be triggered by material market, economic, or political events, or when requested
by you due to changes in your financial situation (such as retirement, termination of
employment, physical move, or inheritance).
Content and Frequency of Regular Reports Provided to Clients
Clients receiving our discretionary investment management services will be provided with
reports from the custodian on a monthly or quarterly basis. These are written reports that
details your account including transactions, fees and commissions, assets held and asset value.
Clients that engage us for certain specialty solution offerings, such as the financial planning
solution, may be provided with a financial plan or written report based on the scope of the
agreed upon advisory services. Generally, after the delivery of these advisory services, there
are no further reports provided to you. You may request additional plans or reports for an
additional fee.
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Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Economic Benefits Provided by Third Parties for Advice Rendered to Clients (Includes Sales
Awards or Other Prizes)
We do not have arrangements to compensate third parties for making solicitations on our
behalf.
Compensation to Non – Advisory Personnel for Client Referrals
We do not compensate individuals and/or entities in exchange for providing client referrals, as
described below.
Item 15: Custody
Custody, as it applies to investment advisors, has been defined by regulators as having access
or control over client funds and/or securities. In other words, custody is not limited to
physically holding client funds and securities. If an investment advisor has the ability to access
or control client funds or securities, including any arrangement or authorization that gives an
investment advisor authority to effectuate transactions in client accounts, for purposes other
than authorized trading and as it pertains to third-party transfers of client assets, the investment
advisor is deemed to have custody and must ensure proper procedures are implemented.
We are deemed to have custody of client assets since we have management fees deducted
directly from client accounts and paid to us. Additionally, we are deemed to have custody of
client assets based on specified language contained within your advisory agreement with us,
describing that you authorize us to give instructions to the broker-custodian and that you
authorize the broker-custodian to follow our instructions and cause the instructions to be
carried out. This language, as it appears in your advisory agreement, is not indicative of any
particular instruction that may be delivered to the broker-custodian, nor that we will in fact
cause any instruction to be delivered to the broker-custodian. Accordingly, regulators have
determined that certain powers instilled in an investment adviser, by way of any letter of
instruction, authorization, or other similar agreement, permitting an investment adviser to
effectuate transactions for any purpose other than authorized trading, as it pertains to third-
party transfers of client assets, are regarded as having custody of client assets – regardless of
whether any action is in fact initiated by the investment advisor. However, any arrangement or
authorization, as contemplated above, in which the investment advisor does not have discretion
as to the payee, timing of the transfer(s), or the amount being paid will not be deemed, by
regulators, as the investment adviser having custody of client assets. Moreover, it should be
noted that authorization to trade in client accounts is not deemed by regulators to be custody.
Funds and securities must be maintained by a custodian, either in a separate account for you in
your name or in accounts containing only funds or securities of our clients under our name as
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agent/trustee for you. You, or an independent representative of you, will direct, in writing, the
establishment of all accounts and therefore are aware of the custodian’s name, address, and the
manner in which the funds or securities are maintained. We will establish reasonable belief that
your custodian is sending account statements at least quarterly to you and that the account
statements identify the amount of funds and of each security in the account at the end of each
quarter, as well as all transactions in the account during the quarter. You should carefully
review those statements and are urged to compare the statements against reports received from
us. When you have questions about your account statements, you should contact us or the
custodian preparing the statement.
Item 16: Investment Discretion
Discretionary authority is pre-approved authority for us and the subadvisor or co-advisor to act
according to our own judgment in making investment decisions on your behalf without
receiving prior authorization for each investment transaction. Discretionary authority is not
required for decisions regarding the timing of an investment or the price at which the
investment is bought or sold but, rather, the authority to decide whether to buy or sell, which
securities to transact, and the number of shares or units to transact.
Prior to any transaction being implemented for you using discretionary authority, written
authorization will be received from you in the signed advisory agreement. Also, you will sign
an agreement with your custodian which generally includes a limited power of attorney
granting the necessary authority to direct and implement the investment and reinvestment of
the assets in your account, but restricts our ability and the ability of the subadvisor or co-
advisor to direct assets outside of your account. We generally do not have discretionary
authority to determine the broker, custodian, or the commission rates paid for transactions.
You may also grant us discretionary authority to establish and terminate a relationship with a
subadvisor for purposes of managing the account or a portion of the account. In this situation,
you will grant the subadvisor selected by us with discretionary authority (at the sole discretion
of the subadvisor without first consulting with you) for such portion of the account managed by
the subadvisor.
Although discretionary authority may be granted on most accounts, it may not be used for
certain trades, in which case we will be required to contact you to accept or reject our
recommendations prior to implementing changes in your account. After you agree to the terms
of the trades, we will be responsible for making decisions regarding the timing of buying or
selling an investment, and the price at which the investment is bought or sold. If your accounts
are managed on a non-discretionary basis and we are not able to reach you, it can have an
adverse impact on the timing of trade implementations and we may not achieve the optimal
trading price.
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Item 17: Voting Client Securities
We do not vote client proxies. Custodians will forward the proxy voting materials directly to
you. All questions on these materials should be directed to the issuers of the associated
securities. We, in our discretionary authority over the investment management of your assets,
may participate in certain corporate actions as necessary. As a fiduciary, a decision to
participate in such corporate actions will only consider what result is in your best interest. In
any event where we participate in a corporate action on your behalf, all relevant records will be
documented, including the details on the basis for the action taken.
Item 18: Financial Information
We are required to provide you with certain financial information or disclosures about our
financial condition if we have financial commitments that impair our ability to meet contractual
and fiduciary commitments to our clients. We have not been the subject of a bankruptcy
proceeding and do not have any financial commitments that would impair our ability to meet
any contractual or fiduciary commitments to you.
27
April 14, 2026
Form ADV 2A