KOVITZ INVESTMENT GROUP PARTNERS, LLC

How you get there matters. KOVITZ A FOCUS PARTNERS FIRM KOVITZ INVESTMENT GROUP PARTNERS, LLC DISCLOSURE BROCHURE (FORM ADV PART 2A) November 10, 2025 10 S WACKER DRIVE SUITE 2600 CHICAGO, IL 60606 (312) 334-7300 This disclosure brochure (“Brochure”) provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Kovitz Investment Group Partners, LLC (“Kovitz”, “we” or “the Firm”). If you have any questions about the contents of this Brochure, please contact us at 312.334.7300 or at compliance@kovitz.com. The information in this Brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or by any state securities authority. Registration with the SEC does not imply a certain level of skill or training. Additional information about Kovitz also is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov  ITEM 2. MATERIAL CHANGES This section discusses only specific material changes that are made to this Brochure since the Annual Amendment to the Brochure dated March 31, 2024. It does not describe other modifications to this Brochure, such as stylistic changes or clarifications. Effective May 1, 2024, Kovitz completed the acquisition of assets of, and combination with Strategic Wealth Partners Group, LLC. Strategic Wealth Partners (“SWP”) is now part of Kovitz and will be doing business as Strategic Wealth Partners within Kovitz’s registered investment adviser. As part of this transaction, this brochure has been updated throughout to add language specific to how Strategic Wealth Partners conducts advisory business. Effective June 1, 2024, Kovitz completed the acquisition of the assets of, and combination with NorthCoast Asset Management. NorthCoast Asset Management (“NorthCoast”) is now part of Kovitz and will be doing business as NorthCoast within Kovitz’s registered investment adviser designation. As part of this transaction, NCAM will maintain a separate Form ADV Part 2A – Kovitz_NorthCoast Asset Management – that details their specific business. Please review that brochure for further details on NorthCoast. Effective July 1, 2024, Kovitz completed the acquisition of assets of, and combination with Institutional and Family Asset Management, LLC (“IFAM”) and TMD Wealth Management LLC (“TMD”). IFAM and TMD are now part of Kovitz and will be doing business as IFAM Capital and TMD Wealth Management, respectively, within Kovitz’s registered investment adviser. As part of this transaction, this brochure has been updated throughout to add language specific to how IFAM and TMD conducts advisory business. Effective August 1, 2024, Kovitz completed the acquisition of assets of, and combination with Relative Value Partners Group, LLC. Relative Value Partners Group, LLC is now part of Kovitz and will be doing business as Relative Value Partners (“RVP”) within Kovitz’s registered investment adviser. As part of this transaction, this brochure has been updated throughout to add language specific to how RVP conducts advisory business. Effective November 1, 2024, Kovitz completed the acquisition of assets of, and combination with Fort Pitt Capital Group, LLC. Fort Pitt Capital Group, LLC is now part of Kovitz and will be doing business as Fort Pitt Capital Group (“FPCG”) within Kovitz’s registered investment adviser. As part of this transaction, this brochure has been updated throughout to add language specific to how FPCG conducts advisory business. Effective April 1, 2025, Kovitz completed the acquisition of assets of, and combination with Transform Wealth, LLC. Transform Wealth, LLC and its Weatherstone Capital Management division, are now part of Kovitz and will be doing business as Transform Wealth (“Transform”) and Weatherstone Capital Management (“Weatherstone”), respectively, within Kovitz’s registered investment adviser. As part of this transaction, this brochure has been updated throughout to add language specific to how Transform conducts advisory business. Weatherstone maintains a separate Form ADV Part 2A – Kovitz – Weatherstone ADV Part 2A – that details their specific business. We help our clients obtain certain insurance solutions by introducing clients to our affiliate, Focus Risk Solutions, LLC (“FRS”). If FRS places an insurance product for our client or refers our client to an insurance broker and there is a subsequent purchase of insurance through the broker, then FRS will receive a portion of the upfront and/or ongoing commissions associated with the sale by the insurance carrier with which the policy was placed. The amount of insurance commission revenue earned by FRS is considered for purposes of determining the amount of additional compensation that certain of our financial professionals are entitled to receive. Additionally, certain of these brokers pay FRS periodic fees to participate in the FRS platform and, thereby, to offer their services to our clients and certain of our affiliates’ clients. Further information on this conflict of interest is available in Items 4, 5 and 10 of this Brochure. Clients are encouraged to review the Brochure in its entirety. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |2  ITEM 3. TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM 2. MATERIAL CHANGES .......................................................................................................................................... 2 ITEM 3. TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................................... 3 ITEM 4. INVESTMENT ADVISORY BUSINESS .................................................................................................................. 4 ITEM 5. FEES AND COMPENSATION ............................................................................................................................ 22 ITEM 6. PERFORMANCE- BASED FEES/SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT ..................................................................... 30 ITEM 7. TYPES OF CLIENTS ........................................................................................................................................... 32 ITEM 8. METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, RISK OF LOSS ......................................................... 32 ITEM 9. DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION ........................................................................................................................ 43 ITEM 10. OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS ................................................................. 43 ITEM 11. CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS, AND PERSONAL TRADING ......................................................................................................................................................................... 50 ITEM 12. BROKERAGE PRACTICES ............................................................................................................................... 52 ITEM 13. REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS ................................................................................................................................. 55 ITEM 14. CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION ................................................................................... 56 ITEM 15. CUSTODY ........................................................................................................................................................ 60 ITEM 16. INVESTMENT DISCRETION ............................................................................................................................ 61 ITEM 17. VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES ......................................................................................................................... 61 ITEM 18. FINANCIAL INFORMATION ........................................................................................................................... 62 KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |3  ITEM 4. INVESTMENT ADVISORY BUSINESS Kovitz is an investment adviser that provides investment management, wealth management, and financial planning services. Kovitz has over 390 employees, and we provide our services to individual and institutional clients. Our institutional clients include endowments, municipal government entities, charitable organizations, employee benefit (ERISA) plans, corporations, and other entities. We provide our services from multiple locations throughout the United States with our headquarters located in Chicago. Please review our website or our Form ADV Part 1 for a full list of locations. Kovitz was created in December of 2015 in response to being acquired by Focus. From October 1, 2003 to December 31, 2015, the Firm was defined as Kovitz Investment Group, LLC. Effective January 1, 2016, Kovitz Investment Group, LLC underwent an organizational change and all persons responsible for portfolio management became employees of Kovitz. From January 1, 1997 to September 30, 2003, all persons responsible for portfolio management comprised the Kovitz Group, an independent division of Rothschild Investment Corp (Rothschild). Effective March 1, 2024, Kovitz completed the acquisition of assets of, and combination with Telemus Capital, LLC. Telemus Capital is now part of Kovitz and will be doing business as Telemus Capital within Kovitz’s registered investment adviser. Effective May 1, 2024, Kovitz completed the acquisition of assets of, and combination with Strategic Wealth Partners Group, LLC. Strategic Wealth Partners, (“SWP”) is now part of Kovitz and will be doing business as Strategic Wealth Partners within Kovitz’s registered investment adviser. Effective June 1, 2024, Kovitz completed the acquisition of the assets of, and combination with NorthCoast Asset Management. NorthCoast Asset Management, (“NorthCoast”) is now part of Kovitz and will be doing business as NorthCoast within Kovitz’s registered investment adviser. Effective July 1, 2024, Kovitz completed the acquisition of assets of, and combination with Institutional and Family Asset Management, LLC (“IFAM”) and TMD Wealth Management LLC (“TMD”). IFAM and TMD are now part of Kovitz and will be doing business as IFAM Capital and TMD Wealth Management, respectively, within Kovitz’s registered investment adviser. Effective August 1, 2024, Kovitz completed the acquisition of assets of, and combination with Relative Value Partners Group, LLC. Relative Value Partners Group, LLC is now part of Kovitz and will be doing business as Relative Value Partners (“RVP”) within Kovitz’s registered investment adviser. Effective November 1, 2024, Kovitz completed the acquisition of assets of, and combination with Fort Pitt Capital Group, LLC. Fort Pitt Capital Group, LLC is now part of Kovitz and will be doing business as Fort Pitt Capital Group (“Fort Pitt”) within Kovitz’s registered investment adviser. Effective April 1, 2025, Kovitz completed the acquisition of assets of, and combination with Transform Wealth, LLC. Transform Wealth, LLC and its Weatherstone Capital Management division, are now part of Kovitz and will be doing business as Transform Wealth (“Transform”) and Weatherstone Capital Management (“Weatherstone”), respectively, within Kovitz’s registered investment adviser. As of December 31, 2024, Kovitz has approximately $31.7 billion of regulatory assets under management. This is composed of approximately $29.5 billion of assets managed on a discretionary basis and approximately $2.2 billion on a non-discretionary basis. Focus Financial Partners Kovitz is part of the Focus Financial Partners, LLC (“Focus LLC”) partnership. Specifically, Kovitz is a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Focus LLC. Focus Financial Partners Inc. is the sole managing member of Focus LLC. Ultimate governance of Focus LLC is conducted through the board of directors at Ferdinand FFP Ultimate Holdings, LP. Focus LLC is majority- owned, indirectly and collectively, by investment vehicles affiliated with Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, LLC (“CD&R”). Investment KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |4  vehicles affiliated with Stone Point Capital LLC (“Stone Point”) are indirect owners of Focus LLC. Because Kovitz is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Focus LLC, CD&R and Stone Point investment vehicles are indirect owners of Kovitz. Focus LLC also owns other registered investment advisers, broker-dealers, pension consultants, insurance firms, business managers and other firms (the “Focus Partners”), most of which provide wealth management, benefit consulting and investment consulting services to individuals, families, employers, and institutions. Some Focus Partners also manage or advise limited partnerships, private funds, or investment companies as disclosed on their respective Form ADVs. INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT – GENERAL Our main business is providing discretionary investment advice to individuals and institutions in separate accounts (further described below under the section entitled “Item 16. Investment Discretion”). We primarily invest each of our client’s portfolios in equities (stocks) and/or fixed income (bond) securities. Each of our clients has his/her own account, and the equities and bonds in the account are usually individual securities. We first consult with our clients to understand their financial situation, such as their objectives for asset growth, income and liquidity, principal protection, risk tolerance, and tax minimization. Next, based on the above information, we recommend an initial target asset allocation for each client, generally meaning the percentage of stocks and bonds to be put in the portfolio. After working with the client to select an appropriate asset allocation, the Kovitz Chicago Office generally implements it across the client relationship, or all of the client’s accounts (“allocation group”), to the extent feasible. Generally, Kovitz Chicago, Telemus Capital, Strategic Wealth Partners, and TMD Wealth Management manage the asset allocation at the allocation group level, which means there will be variation as to asset allocation within a specific underlying account. In addition, if a client adds an account to their relationship with us, we will add the account to the existing allocation group, with the agreed-upon asset allocation, unless directed otherwise by the client. The Kovitz Madison California Offices, IFAM Capital, NorthCoast and Fort Pitt team generally manage asset allocation at the account level. We meet with our clients to understand their needs, circumstances and objectives, work with our clients’ other advisers, and rebalance, and periodically review the client’s asset allocation. We will consider the client’s individual situation and the nature, position size, and suitability of specific securities when reviewing and making purchase and sale decisions for each of our clients. In this manner, we tailor our investment management services to the needs of our clients. Our clients may restrict us in the management of their accounts, such as the amount, type, or identity of stocks or bonds to buy or sell, as long as they are reasonable, consistent with our professional responsibility and investment philosophy, not prove to be overly burdensome and allow us to substantially implement our investment strategies. Although not recommended, a client may also wish to utilize margin within their account(s) and/or take out a loan using the securities within the portfolio as collateral. If, in the opinion of Kovitz, a restriction or client directed trade would subject the client’s portfolio to risks that are contrary to the investment strategy selected by them, Kovitz will request additional information from the client and provide guidance regarding what Kovitz believes to be in the client’s best interest. If a mutual understanding cannot be reached as to the best way to invest the client’s assets, Kovitz may be forced to terminate the firm’s engagement with that client. Kovitz is not responsible for any gains or losses incurred by clients as a result of any restrictions and/or trades directed by them. We are restating here, in plain English, what it means for us to be a fiduciary to you. As a fiduciary, we have duties of care and of loyalty to you and are subject to obligations imposed on us by the federal and state securities laws. As a result, you have certain rights that you cannot waive or limit by contract. Nothing in our agreement with you should be interpreted as a limitation of our obligations under the federal and state securities laws or as a waiver of any unwaivable rights you possess. Our existing form of investment advisory agreement contains provisions about limited circumstances in which we will not be liable to you. Those provisions do not prevent you from asserting that we have not met our fiduciary obligations if you in fact believe that we have not. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |5  In certain circumstances, Kovitz will refer clients to other industry professionals (i.e., tax professionals, insurance professionals, attorneys, financial institutions) when advice outside of that provided by Kovitz is needed. Referrals may also be made to other individuals who are long-time industry professionals that Kovitz has worked with before and that have proven themselves to be knowledgeable in their field(s). When an introduction is made to an outside entity or individual, including any Kovitz affiliate, the client is not obligated in any way to retain the services of that service provider. Clients have the ability to purchase/sell securities (including shares of any mutual fund) without retaining Kovitz as their investment adviser. Retaining Kovitz to provide investment management services costs more than clients doing independent research and investing on their own. Clients who choose to pay professional management fees to Kovitz receive customized investment advice tailored to the individual needs of each client, after assessing and taking into account all of that client’s investment assets. INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT – CALIFORNIA OFFICE Kovitz also offers discretionary investment advice on individual securities to clients by way of its California office through various strategies in separately managed accounts. The California Office’s philosophy includes primarily investing in equity securities that are considered out-of-favor and undervalued by the investing public. The philosophy also includes holding them until they have reached what their investment team believes is a reasonable fair value, or until the team finds equity candidates with what it believes are more attractive risk/reward attributes, or the particular equity’s risk/reward profile does not justify continued ownership. Kovitz California generally implements it strategy on an account basis instead of across all of the client’s accounts. Additional details about the California Office’s strategies are further described in the sections entitled, “Equities – California Office,” “ETFs – California Office,” and “The Prudent Speculator – California Office.” INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT – MADISON OFFICE In addition, Kovitz offers discretionary investment advice through various strategies in separately managed accounts via its Madison Office. The Madison Office’s philosophy includes investing primarily in equity and fixed income securities, along with exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) and mutual funds. Client accounts in these strategies can solely hold equities, solely fixed income securities, or a combination of several security types. The philosophy of the Madison Office is suited for those who share their belief in long-term investment strategies. Kovitz Madison generally implements it strategy on an account basis instead of across all of the client’s accounts. Additional details about strategies offered by the Madison Office are further described in the sections entitled, “Equities – Madison Office” and “Fixed Income Securities – Madison Office.” INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT – TELEMUS CAPITAL Telemus Capital will consult with our clients to understand their financial situation, such as their objectives for asset growth, income and liquidity, principal protection, risk tolerance, and tax minimization. Based on the results of the client discussion(s) and the information provided by the client, we prepare a Financial Life Proposal for the client which includes the agreed upon investment strategy. For clients using the Envestnet program (described below), we prepare and review with the client a customized Statement of Investment Selection (“SIS”). The SIS incorporates an investment profile summary, summarizes the information the client has provided us and makes recommendations for the client’s portfolio based on the information provided. Using tools provided by Envestnet, we may recommend that the client’s portfolio be allocated among various investment managers and/or products. After reviewing the client’s final investment strategy or SIS (in the case of clients using the Envestnet program), the client enters into an investment advisory agreement (“Client Agreement”) with Telemus Capital. The Client Agreement discusses the services to be provided to the client and other applicable terms and conditions. For most client accounts, Telemus Capital constructs client portfolios generally in accordance with our traditional model strategies: Income Only, Capital Preservation, Conservative, Moderate, Balanced, Aggressive, Ultra Aggressive and Growth Only. Client portfolios are managed in accordance with the model strategy most appropriate for the client’s risk profile. Each model strategy can allocate across as many as five sleeves: Growth, Diversifier, Income (either with taxable or tax- KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |6  exempt bonds), Private Investments and Cash. Allocations to each sleeve are made in differing percentages depending on the risk profile of each model. All of the model strategies include some combination of individual equities, individual bonds, mutual funds, ETFs, private funds and potentially other investment products. For accounts not deemed large enough for the traditional models or clients seeking a passively managed portfolio, Telemus Capital also constructs client portfolios in accordance with the following model strategies: Ultra-Conservative, Conservative, Moderate, Balanced, Aggressive and Ultra-Aggressive. Client portfolios are managed in accordance with the model strategy most suitable for the client’s risk profile. Each model strategy has three sleeves: Growth, Income and Cash. Allocations to each sleeve are made in differing percentages to each model strategy depending on the risk profile of the strategy. All of these model strategies are constructed with passive ETFs. for separately managed accounts, current income, liquidity constrains, Clients should know that their assets in each model strategy are likely to be managed in a manner similar to other clients having similar investment objectives and risk tolerance. The implementation of a model strategy may vary depending on a client’s preferences taxes or environmental/social/governance concerns. We implement investment advice on behalf of certain clients in held-away accounts that are maintained at independent third-party custodians. These held-away accounts are often 401(k) accounts, 529 plans and other assets that are not held at our primary custodian(s). INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT – STRATEGIC WEALTH PARTNERS We provide personalized and holistic wealth and investment management services to clients on a discretionary and non- discretionary basis. As detailed in Item 8, we typically allocate clients' investment management assets among professionally managed investments such as Mutual Funds, Exchange- Traded Funds ("ETFs"), Structured Notes, Interval Funds, External Managers, Private Collective Investment Vehicles, Treasuries Notes and other securities we believe are appropriate. Additionally, we may recommend that clients who are accredited investors or qualified purchasers as defined under Rule 501 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, invest in private placement securities, which may include debt, equity, and/or pooled investment vehicles when consistent with the client’s investment objectives. The Firm renders services to certain clients relative to variable life/annuity products that they may own, their individual employer-sponsored retirement plans, and/or 529 plans or other products that the client's primary Custodian may not hold. In so doing, SWP either directs or recommends the allocation of client assets among the various investment options that are available with the product. Client assets are maintained at the specific insurance company or Custodian designated by the product. The Firm tailors its advisory services to the individual needs of clients. SWP consults with clients initially and on an ongoing basis to determine risk tolerance, time horizon, and other factors that may impact their investment needs. SWP ensures that clients' investments are suitable for their investment needs, goals, objectives, and risk tolerance. INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT – IFAM CAPITAL We seek to evaluate a client’s current financial situation and offer investment management services which are aligned with the client’s goals and circumstances. We manage client assets in accordance with models which are designed for a range of client investment objectives and risk tolerances. We allocate assets primarily among various mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and a third-party manager of separately managed accounts. We are additionally the investment manager for two strategies described below, for which we charge a Strategy fee. Clients may also engage us to manage and/or advise on certain investment products that are not maintained at their primary custodian, such as variable life insurance and annuity contracts and assets held in employer sponsored retirement plans and qualified tuition plans (i.e., 529 plans). In these situations, we direct or recommend the allocation KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |7  of client assets among the various investment options available with the product. These assets are generally maintained at the underwriting insurance company or the custodian designated by the product’s provider. The order management system that we use for some held away retirement plan accounts is provided by Pontera Solutions, Inc. We review, monitor and manage these held away accounts in an integrated way with the client accounts held at our primary custodian. We tailor our advisory services to meet the needs of its individual clients and seek to manage client assets in a manner consistent with those needs and objectives. Clients are advised to promptly notify the Firm if there are changes in their financial situation or if they wish to place any limitations on the management of their portfolios. Investment Management Services We offer two equity strategies with options overlay components: A. IFAM Strategic Income Portfolio Strategy (“Strategic Income”). Our Strategic Income strategy invests in 50 Large Cap Dividend Growth stocks. We implement an equity collar and sell calls against the stocks in an effort to manage equity risk and generate income from the portfolio. B. IFAM Dynamic Income Portfolio Strategy (“Dynamic Income”). Our Dynamic Income strategy invests in commodity and global equity market index funds. We then sell calls against those index funds to produce income within the strategy. INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT – RELATIVE VALUE PARTNERS RVP provides discretionary portfolio management of client assets which are managed to a variety of investment strategies, most of which are invested primarily in closed end funds, ETFs and mutual funds. RVP’s Durable Opportunities strategy primarily invests in alternative securities such as Business Development Companies (BDCs), preferred stock, Mortgage REITs, Mortgage Finance Securities, Timber REITs and syndicated loans. For certain financially qualified clients, we recommend private investment funds or hedge funds. Clients select the appropriate strategies or allocation following consultation with an adviser regarding the client’s financial circumstances, investment objectives and risk tolerance. RVP also provides a service of offering investments in private funds to those clients for whom it believes the offering may be suitable. RVP will establish general parameters of risk tolerance, liquidity, cash flow, age and net worth in order to determine suitability. INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT – FORT PITT Wealth management is a holistic set of services that includes Investment Management (described below) for both individuals and institutions and advice on matters such as asset accumulation, elder care costs, estate planning, education planning, business succession planning and/or insurance needs. When any person or entity engages Fort Pitt for wealth management, that client is assigned to a service team, led by a Financial Advisor. The service team is dedicated to the implementation of the firm’s investment philosophy in a manner consistent with the client’s investment objectives and risk tolerance. The management process begins with the Financial Advisor learning about the investment experience of the client and their goals for hiring Fort Pitt as their investment manager. Some clients want to engage the firm to provide the full investment planning experience while others may want Fort Pitt to manage only a portion of their overall investment portfolio. Taking into account the client’s wishes, Fort Pitt reviews the assets and investment accounts held by that client and provides recommendations on how to structure the client’s assets and accounts moving forward. The Financial Advisor looks at the client’s holdings as well as the type of accounts in which the securities are held. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |8  Fort Pitt has full discretionary authority over clients’ assets under management. The majority of client assets are contained in managed portfolios of securities that are actively invested by Fort Pitt. In addition, clients may hold certain non- managed accounts and/or segregated assets that are excluded from billing & reporting. Although not actively managed, these assets are included in the firm’s assets under management as they are considered by Fort Pitt as part of the overall financial condition of the client and they help to inform the recommendations made by Fort Pitt. Each service team periodically reviews clients’ non-managed positions and Fort Pitt will execute trades when deemed appropriate by the Financial Advisor and/or based on the wishes of the client. Non-managed assets can include real estate holdings, business equity, accrued retirement benefits, potential inheritances, illiquid securities, securities that have sentimental value and/or holdings of the children and grandchildren of the same family. Coordinating a client’s broad- based asset mix ensuring appropriate wealth preservation and liquidity while also optimizing growth, limiting risk and maintaining tax efficiency is a critical and ongoing wealth management function. Fort Pitt often works closely with a client’s extended family to set priorities and expectations regarding current and future wealth transfers to family members, charities, etc. Although Fort Pitt does not provide investment recommendations regarding options within the firm’s managed account strategies, the firm may utilize options on a limited basis for clients who hold concentrated positions in a single security. The purpose is to allow Fort Pitt to sell out of the position over time while limiting the tax impact of the transactions. Investment Management Services: Fort Pitt primarily manages client assets by utilizing one (or more) of three types of investments: • Individual Equity Securities; • Fixed Income Securities (taxable and tax free); • Mutual Funds/Exchange Traded Funds (“ETF”); As described above, through discussions and the completion of a client questionnaire, Fort Pitt will assist clients in developing an Investment Plan based on their investment objectives and risk tolerance and then pursuing investment strategies and individual securities taking into account their investment timeline and anticipated distribution needs. Clients should expect to be fully engaged and periodically meet with or talk to their Financial Advisor regarding their holdings and the firm’s recommendations. Clients are also encouraged to keep Fort Pitt informed of any changes to their investment objectives and risk tolerance. Open, honest and ongoing communication among all parties is critical to a successful working relationship. Fort Pitt can also provide management services for a particular portfolio of securities as designated by the client. In these cases, a discussion typically occurs between the Financial Advisor and the client regarding the goals of the client for that particular portfolio and an investment strategy is selected. The firm’s recommendations and the strategy selected will be documented in writing by Fort Pitt and provided to the client. Whether an Investment Plan is created, or a strategy is selected for a particular portfolio, Fort Pitt will monitor the assets and provide ongoing management services to the client. Fort Pitt designs each client’s individual equity and fixed income portfolio (using different combination(s) of stocks, bonds, mutual funds and ETFs) to achieve performance results that will allow them to address their day-to-day needs while still pursuing their short-term and long-term goals. Fort Pitt establishes, trims and/or eliminates positions on a pro rata basis across all like managed accounts. With respect to mutual fund/ETF investing, Fort Pitt engages in discussions with clients regarding their anticipated account balances and distribution needs and a good faith selection is made. Disclosures are provided at the time of investment to help clients understand the recommended investments and share classes being presented. Prior to making any mutual fund investment, clients and prospective clients should review the prospectus for a comprehensive understanding of the terms and conditions applicable to that fund. Based on the items above, Fort Pitt uses its best efforts to select the share class that is the most cost effective for each client at the time of investment unless otherwise instructed by the client. Please refer to Item 5 for more information. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |9  Management of Annuities: On a limited basis, Fort Pitt provides investment advice with respect to annuities that are custodied at Charles Schwab and Fidelity. Although Fort Pitt can be designated as having full trading authority for these types of assets, the firm’s management is limited to allocating client assets among the investment options (i.e., sub-accounts) that are available to the annuity holder. Community Involvement: Fort Pitt takes great pride in its ability to support and sponsor charitable organizations within the City of Pittsburgh and throughout the United States. In addition, Fort Pitt employees pride themselves on taking advantage of educational opportunities and being active within their communities by supporting local businesses. Fort Pitt employees have been asked to hold positions of control (i.e., board positions) with outside organizations that have a direct client relationship with Fort Pitt. When this has occurred, the conflict of interest has been disclosed to compliance and acknowledged/addressed as necessary by the employee and the outside organization. In addition, there are a handful of client relationships with non-profit organizations that Fort Pitt supports through charitable contributions/sponsorships. Such relationships are not material to the business of Fort Pitt and any such clients are not provided with favorable treatment by Fort Pitt. WEALTH MANAGEMENT – TRANSFORM WEALTH Transform Wealth tailors its wealth management services and recommendations to meet the needs of its individual Clients by assessing Client stated needs, goals, intentions, time horizons, risk tolerance and investment objectives, based upon information provided by the Client and the nature of services requested. Transform Wealth anticipates that each Client will actively participate in the review of information and the formulation of their investment plan. Transform Wealth places a focus on liquidity, diversification, risk analysis and cash flow through the use of investments primarily available through nationally-recognized security exchanges. The portfolio strategies considered for use by Transform Wealth include individual equity securities (foreign and domestic), bonds, ETFs, no-load mutual funds, corporate debt securities, commercial paper, Certificates of Deposit, municipal securities, government debt securities (foreign and domestic), real estate (private and public), partnership (using a Fund of Funds) investments, private equity and credit and other securities, or a combination thereof. Transform Wealth also offers advice on the following: warrants; certificates of deposit; option contracts on securities and commodities; and investments in variable life or annuity products. Transform Wealth also offers advice on partnerships (public and private). For Clients with non-discretionary assets, implementation of any advice or recommendations pertaining to securities and/or non-securities matters – in whole or in part – is entirely at the Client’s discretion. Where an existing portfolio has been designed by the Client or another party, Transform Wealth can provide recommendations for ongoing management, re-design, adjustments or rebalancing. Certain Clients may desire to keep holdings within their account(s) that are selected by the Client and are not the subject of investment advice by Transform Wealth. These are self-directed assets. Transform Wealth will have no responsibility to manage any self-directed assets in Client accounts and Transform Wealth accepts no liability to those Clients in connection with any loss relating to self-directed assets. Clients requiring assistance on issues relating to matters outside of investment advisory topics should consult their personal tax adviser, legal counsel, or other professionals for expert opinions. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |10  When providing a review or advice on investments within ERISA retirement plans, the advice and any recommendations are limited to plan offerings and the service provider(s) selected by the plan providers. If services desired go outside the scope of Wealth Management Services during the engagement, Transform Wealth is available to provide Consultation Services. In such cases, Transform Wealth will request a new or amended Client Agreement and additional fees will apply. Transform Wealth will not engage in additional services without the Client’s written direction. C. Selection of Other Advisers In limited instances, when Transform Wealth allocates Client assets to External Advisers, the Client-facing adviser, is responsible for assessing the Client’s needs, communicating with the client, allocating (or recommending the allocation of) the Client’s assets and conducting due diligence and monitoring of the Client’s investments. The External Adviser is responsible for managing certain of the Client’s assets that we allocate to them in a manner consistent with the manager’s stated investment strategies and in accordance with the guidelines we provide. D. Financial Planning & Financial Assessment Services for providing written Financial Planning and Financial Financial Planning & Financial Assessment Services are dependent upon the nature and scope of services to be provided. Transform Wealth’s services and the fee for those services are agreed to with the Client at the time of engagement. Transform Wealth undertakes two general approaches Assessment Services: 1. A “Comprehensive Financial Plan,” which reviews all o f the various aspects of a Client’s situation as presented by the Client, which may include, but are not limited to: individual needs, finances, goals and objectives, time horizons and risk tolerance, business activities, taxes, estate planning, insurance, educational funding, budgeting, retirement and more. This Comprehensive Financial Plan includes the data gathering process through a comprehensive Client Workbook, actual presentation of the written Plan, and ongoing consultation services regarding the implications and recommendations provided. Ongoing consultation services are typically provided in conjunction with regular investment portfolio reviews; however, if a Client experiences significant changes in their circumstances or requires more comprehensive updates, the Client may need to re-engage Transform Wealth under a new planning agreement. 2. A “Focused Financial Assessment” typically includes a simplified, limited scope analysis covering basic cash flow and net worth projections. Transform Wealth collects data using a brief Financial Assessment questionnaire. Because of time and project limitations, the Client’s overall financial situation will not be considered. The Focused Financial Assessment is typically provided for Clients utilizing Transform Wealth for their wealth management needs. If desired, Clients can secure Comprehensive Financial Planning services under a separate agreement. When Clients utilize our combined Comprehensive Financial Planning and Wealth Management services, we will reach out to them quarterly to encourage a discussion about their investment portfolios. At the same time, we will also address their ongoing planning needs. We encourage our Clients to contact us immediately if they experience any significant life events that could alter the assumptions of their financial plan. E. Consultation Services Transform Wealth’s business consulting services are focused on individuals and families who manage their own business. We will work to understand the unique and complex aspects of your business operations with a holistic view of your financial situation. These services are offered outside of the Transform Wealth’s Financial Planning and Wealth Management Services for a fee. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |11  F. Client Tailored Services and Client Imposed Restrictions Transform Wealth recognizes that each Client is unique, and therefore, Transform Wealth focuses on providing individualized services. Transform Wealth can tailor services to each Client and their specific situation based on the nature of the engagement. Clients electing to receive limited services should understand that Transform Wealth will not have sufficient information to perform a comprehensive analysis of their long-term financial goals and objectives. Clients c a n impose reasonable restrictions on the management of their portfolios if Transform Wealth determines in its sole discretion that the conditions can be accommodated. Clients are advised to promptly notify Transform Wealth in writing if there are changes in their personal or financial situation, needs, goals, or objectives, and if they wish to place any limitations on the management of their portfolios. EQUITIES – GENERAL For the equities portion of our clients’ portfolios, we seek to maximize total return through a combination of long-term capital appreciation and the receipt of dividends and income while maintaining an emphasis on the preservation of capital. We approach buying equities for our clients as if we are part owners of businesses, not traders of stocks. We look to maximize the investment return we achieve given the investment risk we take. We view risk as the odds of a permanent loss of capital and not volatility of returns. We believe purchasing stock in competitively advantaged and financially strong companies at prices substantially less than our assessment of their intrinsic (business) value is the best way to preserve client capital over long periods of time. Generally, the companies we invest in are usually larger capitalization companies. EQUITIES – CALIFORNIA OFFICE The equity strategies (the ones that are currently “marketed” to current and prospective clients of the California Office) include the following: ♦ The Kovitz ValuePlus strategy (also known as “Kovitz Dividend Value,” which combined the strategies formerly known as “Al Frank Value” and “Al Frank Select Value”) includes both dividend and non-dividend paying stocks and seeks broad diversification through exposure to a significant number of major market sectors and industry groups. For client accounts in this strategy, the investment team in the California Office typically builds portfolios containing 70 – 90 stocks. ♦ The Kovitz Focused ValuePlus strategy (formerly known as “Al Frank Select Focused Value”) seeks long-term capital appreciation by investing in a more concentrated portfolio of stocks across major market sectors and industry groups. For client accounts in this strategy, the California Office investment team typically builds portfolios containing roughly 30 – 40 stocks. ♦ The Kovitz Dividend Income strategy (which combined the strategies formerly known as “Al Frank Dividend Value” and “Al Frank Select Dividend Value”) includes dividend paying stocks, and seeks broad diversification through exposure to a significant number of major market sectors and industry groups. For client accounts in this strategy, the California Office investment team typically builds portfolios of equally weighted positions containing 60 – 80 stocks. ♦ The Kovitz Focused Dividend strategy (formerly known as “Al Frank Select Focused Dividend”) seeks long-term capital appreciation and dividend income through mostly dividend-paying stocks, and seeks broad diversification through exposure to major market sectors and industry groups. For client accounts in this strategy, the California Office investment team typically builds portfolios that contain roughly 30 – 40 stocks. ♦ The Kovitz Small-Mid Dividend Value strategy (formerly known as “Al Frank Select Small-Mid Dividend Value”) includes primarily micro, small, and mid-cap dividend paying stocks, and seeks broad diversification to a significant number of major market sectors and industry groups, although market appreciation sometimes KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |12  results in these stocks moving into what is known as the “large-cap” category. For client accounts in this strategy, the investment team in the California Office typically builds portfolios containing 70 to 90 stocks. ♦ The Prudent Speculator strategy generally mirrors the TPS portfolio (“TPS Strategy”), the basis for “The Prudent Speculator” newsletter (which is further described below). The TPS Strategy includes both dividend and non- dividend paying stocks and seeks broad diversification through exposure to a significant number of major market sectors and industry groups. For clients in the TPS Strategy, the investment team in the California Office typically builds portfolios that initially contain 70 to 90 positions. EQUITIES – MADISON OFFICE The primary goal of the equity strategies managed by the Madison Office (whether as part of stock-only portfolio, or as part of a “balanced” portfolio containing a mix of equities and bonds) is to provide performance returns from a diversified portfolio of stocks that exceed appropriate benchmarks, such as the S&P 500 Index. The Madison Office’s equity strategies typically include a mix of small-, mid-, and large-capitalization domestic and international stocks. The investment team in the Madison Office uses internal and external research to help identify companies where the current market prices do not correctly reflect the team’s opinion of the underlying value or future growth potential. The team’s decisions to buy or sell securities are based on expected return, as well as the potential impact of the transactions on the applicable clients’ overall diversification. For certain client account groups, the team also uses cash (and/or cash equivalents) as a way to help reduce market risk at times when it believes the overall stock market is unattractive on a risk/return basis, or to enhance the client’s portfolio yield and/or liquidity. EQUITIES – TELEMUS CAPITAL The equity strategies (the ones that are currently “marketed” to current and prospective clients of Telemus Capital) include the following: ♦ Core Equity: Actively managed core equity strategy that focuses on large-cap companies with demonstrated consistent, above-average earnings growth and reasonable valuations. It is managed relative to the Russell 1000 and/or S&P 500 Indices as benchmarks. Evercore Wealth Management LLC currently serves as sub-advisor for this strategy. ♦ Taurus: Actively managed growth strategy focusing on above-average growth businesses that are poised to benefit from secular growth trends. The process utilizes a proprietary screen to identify attractive securities alongside fundamental and technical analysis. ♦ Aware: Actively managed domestic equity portfolio focused on making investments in businesses that meet strict environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria. ♦ High and Rising Dividend: Equity strategy which seeks to invest in equity securities of companies that pay relatively high dividends as measured by yield. Stability and/or growth of dividends and dividend yield may also be considered by the manager. The strategy invests across a broad range of market capitalizations. It is primarily designed for taxable investors seeking current income and/or who can benefit from the lower federal income tax rates applicable to dividends and/or long-term capital gains. The strategy may also be appropriate for taxable or tax-exempt investors seeking a different and complimentary income stream, the principal of which can fluctuate greatly. Finally, investors may use this strategy to diversify their equity allocation. Investments are diversified across sectors and industries in an effort to reduce the risk of concentrating investments only in industries with the highest dividend yields. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |13  FIXED INCOME SECURITIES – GENERAL For the bond portion of our clients’ portfolios, we focus on diligent execution and high credit quality. We take into consideration our client’s tax situation, the type of issuer and bond, and general market conditions when we construct bond portfolios for our clients. Depending on the client’s needs, market conditions, and pricing, we typically purchase the following types of bonds for our clients: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Taxable, tax-free, and alternative minimum tax (AMT) municipal bonds; Municipal bonds; Corporate bonds; Mortgage-Backed Securities; and U.S. Treasury and government agency bonds. Our goal is to capture excess yield without incurring additional risk. We primarily try to accomplish this by patiently bidding on bonds owned by third party bond sellers, by finding bonds with perceived complexity and liquidity risks, and by our willingness to buy odd (smaller) lots of bonds. The demand for these kinds of bonds is typically lower, and therefore we attempt to buy them at lower prices (and higher yields) for our clients. The firm primarily uses a network of third-party dealers and electronic trading platforms to help construct fixed income portfolios for clients. Please refer to the “Directed Brokerage” section under “Item 12. Brokerage Practices” for examples of these brokers. We generally buy bonds with the intent to hold to maturity, and therefore we are less concerned about interim price changes. We do not keep bonds in an inventory for later sale to our clients. We buy bonds for direct allocation to specific client accounts based on the specific client’s asset allocation and circumstances. Depending on our specific client’s investment objective, we will typically build a bond ladder of individual bonds maturing in different years in order to provide liquidity, an income stream, and to help guard against interest rate and credit risk. FIXED INCOME SECURITIES – MADISON OFFICE The primary goal of the fixed income strategy of the Madison Office (whether as part of a bond-only portfolio, or a balanced portfolio containing a mix of equities and bonds) is to provide performance returns from a diversified portfolio of bonds that exceed industry-recognized benchmarks, such as the Barclays Intermediate Government/Credit Index. The fixed income strategy typically includes a mix of U.S. Treasury and government agency bonds; investment and below- investment grade corporate bonds; convertible bonds; municipal bonds; mutual funds; and fixed income ETFs. The Madison Office investment team evaluates and selects fixed income securities based on its assumptions about interest rates, the treasury yield curve, company-specific risk, and other variables that will impact the relative performance of the security. Similar to what it does for its equity (and balanced) strategies for certain client account groups, the team uses cash (and/or cash equivalents) when it believes that the fixed income market is unattractive on a risk/return basis or to enhance the client’s portfolio yield and/or liquidity. FIXED INCOME SECURITIES – TELEMUS CAPITAL The fixed income strategies (the ones that are currently “marketed” to current and prospective clients of Telemus Capital) include the following: ♦ Investment Grade Taxable Fixed Income: Actively managed intermediate taxable bond portfolio managed relative to the Bank of America Merrill Lynch 1-10 Year US Corporate & Government Index as its benchmark. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |14  ♦ High Yield Taxable Fixed Income: Actively managed fixed income portfolio that focuses exclusively on the highest quality (BB) component of the high yield universe. The portfolio is managed relative to the Bank of America Merrill Lynch 1-10 Year BB Cash Pay High Yield Index as its benchmark. ♦ Blended Taxable Fixed Income: Actively managed fixed income portfolio that combines Telemus Capital’s investment grade capability with its high yield (BB) capability. The portfolio is managed relative to a custom blended benchmark comprised of 50% corporate/government intermediate investment grade bonds (as identified in the Bank of America Merrill Lynch 1-10 Year US Corporate & Government Index) and 50% intermediate BB rated bonds (as identified in the Bank of America Merrill Lynch 1-10 Year BB Cash Pay High Yield Index). ♦ Treasury Bond Ladder: Actively managed strategy that invests in Treasury bonds 1-10 years in maturity. ♦ Tax-Exempt Fixed Income: Actively managed strategy that focuses on investment grade, short-to-intermediate maturity municipal bonds. The strategy is customized to maximize the after-tax returns for each individual client. OTHER TYPES OF SECURITIES OPTIONS We use option transactions in conjunction with our day-to-day management of clients’ equity investments. We primarily do this by selling covered calls. Our clients own the stock and, in return for a premium, we sell to a third party the right to buy the stock at a certain price by a certain date. We usually do this for tax reasons to extend the holding period so our clients can get more favorable long-term capital gains tax treatment. When option prices are volatile, we have also sold covered calls to generate income for clients and to manage their sector exposures. Typically, we will sell “at the money” calls (where the call strike price is near the underlying stock’s market price) in order to maximize the premium that the client receives. We also use other option strategies as a way for clients to earn income while waiting to invest their assets in our primary equity strategy. We accomplish this by, for example, buying or selling options on index-tracking ETFs, or by selling puts on our equity recommendations. The goal of these strategies is to supplement the firm’s primary equity investment strategies as a way to enhance client returns. MUTUAL FUNDS Open-End Mutual Funds Occasionally, we recommend investments in no-load, open-end mutual funds instead of individual equity or fixed income securities. We believe this is appropriate for diversification in smaller accounts below our recommended investment minimums (described below in the section entitled “Types of Clients”) or to gain access to sectors outside of our core investment strategies, and usually at a client’s request. Al Frank Fund We also manage an affiliated mutual fund, the Al Frank Fund (ticker: VALAX). The Al Frank Fund is an advisory client of Kovitz, and Kovitz generally intends to manage the Al Frank Fund according to the same strategy as that of its separate (equity) account clients that are managed by the investment team in the California Office. Depending on the prospective client or client’s investment objectives and risk tolerance, the California Office generally recommends the Al Frank Fund for those clients who have assets below applicable investment minimums (refer to the section below entitled “Types of Clients”), or otherwise for clients and prospective clients who we believe would be better served by the diversification that we intend for the Al Frank Fund to provide. Please refer to the Al Frank Fund prospectus for more information, or the website (www.alfrankfunds.com). KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |15  Fort Pitt Capital Total Return Fund Kovitz serves as adviser to the Fort Pitt Capital Total Return Fund (ticker: FPCGX) and makes the investment management decisions for FPCGX’s portfolio. The assets of the Fund are managed in a manner similar to that of the Fort Pitt’s all equity managed stock portfolio. The specific guidelines that Fort Pitt uses on behalf of FPCGX are described in the Fund’s prospectus. Fort Pitt will include the Fund in a client’s portfolio in accordance with its fiduciary duty and only if that investment is consistent with the investment objectives and risk tolerance of that client. Absolute Capital Opportunities Fund In addition to the mutual funds noted above, we are the sole sub-adviser of an affiliated mutual fund, the Absolute Capital Opportunities Fund (ticker: CAPOX). The primary adviser of CAPOX has hired us to manage the fund consistent with, and according to the same long/short equity strategy as our affiliated hedge funds (which we further describe below). Depending on the prospective client or client’s investment objectives and risk tolerance, we also recommend CAPOX to our clients as a way to diversify a traditional portfolio of equity and bond investments. Our goal is for CAPOX investors to achieve returns that do not always directly relate to those in the equity markets, and to preserve capital significantly better than “unhedged” equity investments. We believe CAPOX is suitable for advisory clients who have assets below our “separate account” or hedge fund investment minimums, and for those who desire daily liquidity, as it is a publicly registered mutual fund. Please refer to the CAPOX prospectus for more information, or the CAPOX website (www.absoluteadvisers.com/absolute-capital-opportunities-fund/fund-overview). ETFS – GENERAL Similar to our approach with open-end mutual funds, we occasionally recommend investments in ETFs instead of individual equity or fixed income securities. We believe this is appropriate for diversification in smaller accounts below our recommended investment minimums, to gain access to sectors outside of our core investment strategies, or at a client’s request. Additionally, we leverage ETFs as a strategy where we use passively managed indexes by using various index ETFs to give our clients direct exposure to the various markets. In addition, we use active ETF’s, such as EQTY, for a portion of a client’s equity portfolio. Kovitz Core Equity ETF We manage an affiliated ETF, the Kovitz Core Equity ETF (ticker: EQTY) (“EQTY”). EQTY is an advisory client of Kovitz, and Kovitz generally intends to manage EQTY according to the same strategy as that of its separate (equity) account clients that are managed by the investment team in the Chicago Office. Depending on the prospective client or client’s investment objectives and risk tolerance, the Chicago Office generally recommends EQTY for those advisory clients who have assets below our investment minimums (refer to the section below entitled “Types of Clients”), or otherwise for clients and prospective clients who we believe would be better served by the diversification that we intend for EQTY to provide. Please refer to the EQTY prospectus for more information, or the EQTY website (www.Kovitz.com/eqty). ETFS – CALIFORNIA OFFICE Aside from our general use of ETFs in the context described above, the California Office recommends strategies that invest in portfolios of ETFs, with the goal of outperforming applicable benchmarks on a risk-adjusted basis through diversification; active management; style integrity; minimized security selection risk; trading; and cost efficiency. The California Office offers the following ETF strategy: Kovitz Global Value (also known as Dynamic Portfolio Series (“DPS”)) The Dynamic Portfolio Series seeks opportunities in U.S. equities, developed international equities, emerging and frontier market equities, commodities, REITs and global fixed income. The family of portfolios seek to provide long-term absolute return through a combination of enhanced diversification and tactical management of portfolio-level exposures to valuation and behavioral factors over time. The valuation factors ensure the portfolio maintains a preference to exposures with strong fundamentals, while the behavioral factor seeks to capitalize on near-term opportunities. The country rotation segment of the strategy seeks to provide complimentary returns through enhanced diversification at the individual KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |16  country equity market level. In strategies with lower risk tolerance, a Fixed Income portion acts as a ballast during challenging market conditions, while maximizing income for a set level of risk. ETFS – MADISON OFFICE The Madison Office’s strategies occasionally use ETFs with the goal of increasing diversification and enhancing returns. The investment team believes certain ETFs can provide client portfolios with exposure to investment opportunities that fall outside the team’s traditional research universe, such as market segments (market capitalization or style), international, alternative investment, or sectors where the team believes that individual stock selection does not adequately reflect the desired exposure for the client. ETFS – HEDGED FUNDS AND RELATED ACCOUNTS In managing our affiliated hedge funds and certain separately managed accounts (described below under “Hedge Funds”), we take short positions in ETFs that are sometimes held as long positions in individual advisory client accounts. We acknowledge the potential conflict of interest in making such recommendations. However, we believe that it is not inconsistent or disadvantageous to a particular client to use ETFs in the hedge funds as part of an overall hedging strategy (and not necessarily as an assertion of our view on the sector covered by the ETF), and also as a way to gain exposure in a diversified manner to that same sector for a particular advisory client. We have considered that it is unlikely that our trading activities would impact the price of ETFs, and that their use for individual advisory clients is not a significant part of the firm’s overall assets under management. COLLATERALIZED MORTGAGE OBLIGATIONS If suitable for a particular client, we also recommend investments in collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), also known as mortgage-backed securities (MBS). This recommendation depends on the client’s investment objectives and risk tolerance, and is part of the client’s overall asset allocation. HEDGE FUNDS AND OTHER PRIVATE PLACEMENTS Kovitz manages hedge funds in which clients and others are solicited to invest. All such funds are limited to accredited investors. The hedge funds generally invest in equities and options. Kovitz also provides services to, or certain of its employees are otherwise involved in several private real estate funds in which clients and others have been solicited to invest. These funds are limited to accredited investors, and their objectives are to invest in properties across the real estate sector, including industrial, commercial, and residential. In addition, certain of Kovitz’s executive officers own a separate company that sponsors and manages private equity funds. All such funds are limited to accredited investors. The private equity funds’ primary investment objectives are to acquire controlling interests in existing companies and to make other investments. Kovitz is the investment manager to the Telemus Decorrelation Opportunity Fund, LP (the “TDOF Fund”), and its affiliate, Telemus Decorrelation Opportunity GP, LLC, is the General Partner of the Fund. The TDOF Fund, which is a fund of funds, is a multi-strategy, privately offered investment vehicle that invests in a diversified portfolio of investments that seeks to provide low and non-correlated returns relative to the broader equity and fixed income markets. The underlying investment strategies include, but are not limited to, insurance-linked securities, longevity-contingent assets, real estate credit, alternative lending, and other assets that generally have low or non-correlated returns with traditional financial markets. The TDOF Fund is closed to new investors and is in the process of being dissolved. Kovitz’s affiliate, Telemus Life Science Real Estate Fund Manager, LLC, is the Manager of the Telemus Life Science Real Estate Fund, LLC (the “TLSRE Fund”). The TLSRE Fund is a privately offered investment vehicle that was created for the purpose of investing in IQHQ, Inc., a privately traded REIT formed to acquire, develop and redevelop real estate for life sciences tenants. WRAP AND UNIFIED MANAGED ACCOUNT PROGRAMS We also participate in several wrap, Unified Managed Account (UMA), and other “turnkey” asset management programs (TAMPs), although we do not “sponsor” any such programs. In these cases, the sponsors of such programs typically have KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |17  contracts directly with their clients to perform various types of investment management services. For UMA programs, the sponsors hire us to deliver “model” portfolios to them. We generally apply the same equity investment philosophy and strategy for clients of wrap and UMA programs as we do for our own separate account clients, depending upon the strategy for which they’ve hired us, and depending upon any restrictions, limitations, or specific directions that the sponsors or their clients give to us. The sponsors of the wrap and UMA programs generally charge their clients an aggregated or “all-inclusive” fee, and we receive a portion of those fees. Kovitz, primarily Telemus Capital, also has relationships with external providers of investment management, research and due diligence services. One such service provider is Envestnet1, a registered investment adviser that provides an asset management platform and related technology, as well as operational and administrative support services. TC uses some of the services provided by Envestnet, including the Unified Managed Account Program (the “UMA program”) and the Separate Managed Accounts Program (the “SMA program”). Through the UMA program Telemus Capital constructs a single client portfolio comprised of various investment vehicles, typically third-party managers. Through the SMA program Telemus Capital will select third party managers which are appropriate to manage the client’s assets. In both programs, the client grants Kovitz, Telemus Capital, with discretion to make changes to the managers and/or investments if Telemus Capital determines such a change is in the client’s best interest. Factors considered in making this determination include account size, risk tolerance, the opinion of each client, the investment philosophy of the third-party manager, and the client’s investment objectives. Kovitz, Telemus Capital, will have full discretionary authority to invest and reinvest client assets and retain third party asset managers who, in turn, have full discretionary authority to invest and reinvest client assets, subject to reasonable restrictions imposed by the client. THE PRUDENT SPECULATOR – CALIFORNIA OFFICE Kovitz publishes “The Prudent Speculator” (“TPS”), an investment newsletter which is written by the investment team in the California Office, and charges an annual subscription fee. TPS provides frequent commentary about the financial markets, macro-economic trends, and individual equities to subscribers. TPS also issues commentaries centered around equity recommendations, provides “sales alerts” when the TPS “newsletter portfolios” sell certain equities, and provides subscribers access to holdings reports. The holdings report allows subscribers to “mirror” the activities and holdings of their own personal securities accounts to TPS recommendations if they wish. Separate account clients in the firm’s California Office receive a complimentary subscription to TPS. FINANCIAL PLANNING SERVICES Kovitz also provides financial planning services (Planning Services) to certain investment management clients. The Planning Services include the following: analyses regarding retirement cash flows; goal identification and funding; Monte Carlo simulations; education funding; estate planning; tax planning; and charitable giving. Kovitz determines client eligibility for Planning Services on a case-by-case basis. Kovitz will consider the size of the client relationship and whether the client uses other financial advisers in determining whether to offer Planning Services. Kovitz generally does not charge fees for Planning Services in addition to the fees it charges for investment management services. Kovitz does offer financial planning and consulting services to clients who seek more complex or specific services on a standalone basis. The scope of Planning Services is agreed upon by Kovitz and the client, although Kovitz and its clients typically do not execute formal, written “agreements” in this context, as Kovitz provides the services to complement its day-to-day, ongoing investment management services. Kovitz acknowledges that if it provides Planning Services and investment management services to a particular client, there is a potential conflict of interest in making and implementing planning and investment recommendations to the client. The conflict is that the planner is a Kovitz employee and will have an incentive to choose to use or recommend Kovitz as investment manager. We believe that the conflict is addressed by the aligned long-time horizon of the client, the Kovitz planner, the Kovitz investment professionals, and by the fact that the Kovitz employees are not compensated in a manner that will incentivize inconsistent or short-term recommendations. Additionally, clients are under no obligation to act upon any of the recommendations made by Kovitz. 1 We currently use the services of certain sub-advisors, including those of Envestnet Asset Management, Inc., Evercore Wealth Management LLC, Mar Vista Investment Partners, LLC, Aristotle Capital Management, LLC and SpiderRock Advisors, LLC. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |18  Kovitz uses a combination of its Certified Financial Planner™ (CFP®) Professionals, non-CFP Professionals, and certified public accountants (CPAs) in the process of gathering and analyzing client information, in providing recommendations to the client, and in providing Planning Services. RETIREMENT PLAN REVIEW SERVICES Kovitz provides various consulting services to qualified employee benefit plans and their fiduciaries. This suite of services is designed to assist plan sponsors in structuring, managing and optimizing their corporate retirement plans. Kovitz is able to act as a fiduciary and offer services to plans under ERISA Section 3(21) or 3(38). Each engagement is individually negotiated and customized and may include any or all of the following services: Plan Design and Strategy, Plan Review and Evaluation, Executive Planning & Benefits, Investment Selection (discretionary or non-discretionary), Plan Fee and Cost Analysis, Plan Committee Consultation, Fiduciary and Compliance and Participant Education. Kovitz is a fiduciary under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”) with respect to investment management services and investment advice provided to ERISA plans and ERISA plan participants. Kovitz is also a fiduciary under section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”) with respect to investment management services and investment advice provided to individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”), ERISA plans, and ERISA plan participants. As such, Kovitz is subject to specific duties and obligations under ERISA and the IRC, as applicable, that include among other things, prohibited transaction rules which are intended to prohibit fiduciaries from acting on conflicts of interest. When a fiduciary gives advice in which it has a conflict of interest, the fiduciary must either avoid certain conflicts of interest or rely upon an applicable prohibited transaction exemption. Kovitz will select or recommend, certain collective investment trust funds for which Kovitz serves as a sub-adviser (the “Collective Funds”) that are further explained in Item 8. When Kovitz provides services to Plan Clients in the capacity as a fiduciary under ERISA, Kovitz does not receive any fees from the Collective Funds. The only fees received are those specified in the Retirement Plan Agreement. Kovitz provides retirement plan advisory services for its clients, which provides clients the opportunity to have Kovitz review and consult on the client’s assets invested in her or his employer’s retirement plan. This provides clients with a consolidated view of their retirement assets. Kovitz and Sentinel Pension Advisors, LLC (“SPA”) have an agreement in place whereby Kovitz, primarily Telemus Capital, serves as a subadvisor to SPA for certain client retirement plans. This arrangement is more fully described in Item 10. Kovitz implements investment advice on behalf of certain clients’ held-away accounts that are maintained at independent third party custodians. These held-away accounts are often 401K accounts, 529 plans and other assets that are not held by our primary custodians. In such cases, Kovitz’s advisory services are usually limited to providing advice to an individual retirement plan participant regarding the allocation of assets within their employer sponsored retirement plan using only the investment options (i.e., mutual funds) that are available to them. The plan participants retain the final decision- making authority regarding the recommendations provided by Kovitz. If accepted, the plan participate must generally place their own trades and/or reallocate their investments. Non-Fiduciary Services: Kovitz provides certain non-fiduciary services to Plan Sponsors and/or may arrange for the retirement plan’s service providers to offer services. Kovitz helps educate the Plan Sponsor regarding its fiduciary responsibilities and assists the Plan Sponsor in selecting and supervising the plan’s service providers. In addition, Kovitz provides services directly to retirement plan participants through group enrollment/educational meetings designed to increase plan participation and provide information regarding general investment principles. FAMILY OFFICE SERVICES In addition to Planning Services, Kovitz offers “Family Office Services”, also called Virtual Family CFO Services in some instances, to certain investment management clients. The Family Office Services include the following: comprehensive KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |19  reviews and monitoring of clients’ investment assets, including investment strategies and assets that are not directly managed by Kovitz; tax planning and services; family succession planning and education; bookkeeping; insurance advice; invoice management; administrative services and bill paying services, among other things. Kovitz develops customized, detailed reports that provide meaningful information to help families better understand their overall financial picture. Kovitz determines eligibility for Family Office Services on a case-by-case basis. Kovitz typically charges fixed, hourly, or “project-based” fees for Family Office Services, depending on the nature of services provided. These fees may or may not separate from the firm’s standard “asset-based” fees that it charges for ongoing investment management. The exact fee structure is laid out in an engagement letter executed by the client. Kovitz uses a combination of its Certified Financial Planner™ (CFP®) Professionals, non-CFP Professionals, and CPAs in the process of providing Family Office Services to clients. CORPORATE EXECUTIVE SERVICES Kovitz, and primarily Telemus Capital, provides a suite of services referred to as “Corporate Executive Services.” These include concierge-like advisory services to senior corporate executives. These services, which in some cases will be in concert with third party services providers, including advisory services related to the following: Compensation and Benefits. Estate Planning and Wealth Transfer. Risk Management and Insurance. Tax Planning and Return Preparation. Retirement Planning. Investment Planning. • • • • • • Corporate Executive Services is provided separately from the Investment Management services noted above and does not automatically include those investment management services noted. TELEMUS CAPITAL TAX CONCIERGE Telemus Capital’s Tax Concierge service assists clients with their tax return preparation requirements. If a client needs a tax preparer to complete his/her returns, Telemus Capital will make an introduction to a qualified CPA. If the client engages the CPA, Telemus will receive a referral fee from the CPA which is disclosed to the client. For clients using this service, Telemus Capital will help in the compilation of source documents and other information needed to complete the client’s return(s). NON-DISCRETIONARY ADVISORY SERVICES Kovitz also provides personalized investment management services on a non-discretionary basis at a client’s request. This typically involves selecting or making recommendations as to specific securities or other investments the client’s account(s) should purchase or sell based on the client’s needs and objectives, however, the client must approve the recommendations before the trade is placed. As noted above, investments by clients in affiliated private funds will be on a non-discretionary basis. Kovitz also provides fee-based wealth management services, including estate tax, social security, education expense planning and asset allocation, as well as other financial planning services to its clients on a non-discretionary basis. In addition to the non-discretionary investment management services described above, Telemus Capital also offers other non-discretionary advisory services. Clients who utilize our discretionary advisory services may, as an accommodation, also be permitted to establish non-discretionary advisory accounts in which all securities transactions are client-directed. For these accommodation accounts, Telemus Capital generally charges an annual fee of 20 basis points based on the average daily balance of the account market values for the 12-month period being billed. These assets are not included in the calculation of Kovitz’s regulatory assets under management. Additionally, certain accounts hold assets which the client has directed Telemus Capital to hold for tax or other purposes. Telemus Capital provides ongoing and continuous KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |20  supervision of these client assets. These assets are included in the calculation of Kovitz’s non-discretionary regulatory assets under management. THIRD-PARTY MANAGERS Kovitz will leverage the use of unaffiliated third-party managers in some situations. Kovitz uses these managers for their experience and/or services to manage a portion of the client’s assets. Kovitz will use outside managers for clients that are looking for active management and exposure to a wide array of asset classes. Kovitz may recommend to client, or engage on client’s behalf, one or more third-party managers to provide access to these different strategies and/or asset classes. The selection or replacement of any third-party manager will be based on Advisor’s discretion or by client’s acceptance, depending on outside manager’s structure. These third-party managers will have discretion over the assets allocated to them and Kovitz will have no ability to affect the trading decisions of said manager. For certain relationships, clients will receive the disclosure Brochure of the unaffiliated third-party manager. These managers may impose more restrictive account requirements and varying trading and billing practices than the Firm. In such instances, Kovitz will alter its corresponding account requirements and/or billing practices to accommodate those of the third-party manager. It is important for clients to read the disclosure Brochures of unaffiliated third-party managers. Kovitz will evaluate the third-party manager initially and on an ongoing basis to confirm whether the manager is suitable for Kovitz clients. Kovitz will review, among other things, the manager’s performance and management, background, specialized knowledge, expertise, investment objective, and fees. In these instances, client pays Kovitz’s advisory fee in addition to the fee charged by the outside manager for the assets allocated to the outside manager. This is a conflict as client could invest directly with the outside manager without having to pay Kovitz’s advisory fee. Kovitz reduces this conflict by adding value to the outside manager relationship by performing initial due diligence on the manager and ongoing monitoring of the manager and their performance. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS Kovitz has a business arrangement with Cardinal Point Capital Management, ULC (“Cardinal Point”), Sentinel Pension Advisors Inc (“Sentinel”) and Focus Partners Wealth, LLC (“FPW”) which are indirect, wholly owned subsidiaries of Focus LLC. The arrangement allows Kovitz to refer certain clients to Cardinal Point, Sentinel or FPW. Kovitz is an affiliate of Cardinal Point, Sentinel and FPW by virtue of being under common control with it. Please see Items 5, 10, and 11 of this Brochure for further details. Kovitz has a business arrangement with Origin Credit Advisers, LLC (“OCA”), who is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Focus LLC, under which certain clients of Kovitz have the option of investing in certain private investment vehicles managed by OCA. Kovitz is an affiliate of OCA by virtue of being under common control with it. Please see Items 5, 10, and 11 of this Brochure for further details. Kovitz has a business arrangement with SCS Capital Management LLC (“SCS”), who is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Focus LLC, under which certain clients of Kovitz have the option of investing in certain private investment vehicles managed by SCS. Kovitz is an affiliate of SCS by virtue of being under common control with it. Please see Items 5, 10, and 11 of this Brochure for further details. Finally, we have a business arrangement with a subsidiary or subsidiaries of Origin Investments Group, LLC (“Origin”), who are each an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Focus LLC, under which certain clients of Kovitz have the option of investing in certain private investment vehicles managed by Origin. Kovitz is an affiliate of Origin by virtue of being under common control with it. Please see Items 5, 10, and 11 of this Brochure for further details. TELEMUS INSURANCE SERVICES, LLC (“TIS”) KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |21  A subsidiary of Kovitz, Telemus Insurance Services, LLC (“TIS”) helps our clients obtain certain insurance solutions. Kovitz has insurance agents that sell insurance products to Kovitz clients where applicable. Kovitz and certain of its employees refer clients and prospective clients to the Insurance Agencies for various insurance products and services such as life, disability and long-term care policies and annuity contracts, and make referrals to third party providers for property and casualty and group health insurance, for which they could potentially be compensated. Clients are free to accept our recommendation or seek insurance products through other brokers or agents, as they wish. UPTIQ TREASURY & CREDIT SOLUTIONS, LLC (“UPTIQ”) We offer clients the option of obtaining certain financial solutions from unaffiliated third-party financial institutions through UPTIQ Treasury & Credit Solutions, LLC (together with UPTIQ, Inc. and its affiliates, “UPTIQ”) and Flourish Financial LLC (“Flourish”).. Please see Items 5 and 10 for a fuller discussion of these services and other important information. FOCUS RISK SOLUTIONS, LLC (“FRS”) We help our clients obtain certain insurance solutions from unaffiliated, third-party insurance brokers by introducing clients to our affiliate, Focus Risk Solutions, LLC (“FRS”), a wholly owned subsidiary of our parent company, Focus Financial Partners, LLC. Please see Items 5 and 10 for a fuller discussion of this service and other important information. MY PERSONAL BOOKKEEPER (“MPB”) Kovitz, through SWP, has implemented a line of business called My Personal Bookkeeper (“MPB”) which provides bill payment, tax organization, insurance claim management and household budgeting. Although MPB is not part of Kovitz’s investment advisory services, SWP may recommend use of MPB for its clients when deemed appropriate. Clients are advised that a conflict of interest exists when they pay us on a standalone basis for MPB services. The client is under no obligation to act upon the recommendation to use MPB. The IARs of Kovitz do not receive compensation for these recommendations. Additional information is provided in Item 5, 10 and 15. CLIENTS OF KOVITZ There are instances where employees and/or clients of Kovitz are invested in ventures of other Clients of Kovitz. This could be a conflict of interest for Kovitz. Kovitz will not use our discretion to put any Clients into a Client driven investment. The instances where an employee is invested in a Client driven investment, is normally a one-off that the investment would not be appropriate for Kovitz clients. ITEM 5. FEES AND COMPENSATION The investment advisory fee we charge clients is set within our investment advisory agreement with the client. We charge our individual clients an annual fee (typically payable quarterly) based on the fair market value of assets under management, which includes cash and cash equivalents, is typically as much as 1.00%. Fees are generally charged on cash and cash equivalents held in clients’ accounts, account margin balances and on accrued but unpaid interest. However, exceptions are made subject to negotiation depending on the level of the client’s cash balances. In certain circumstances, depending on the client or the service provided, some clients are subject to an annual minimum fee requirement that would end up resulting in a fee rate more than 1.00%. We are willing to negotiate fees, depending on the aggregate size or nature of a relationship, including for large individual or institutional clients, wrap arrangements, model, or other types of “platform” relationships. The negotiated fee will be approved by Kovitz and detailed in writing with the Client. Also, fee schedules for our clients, including those from firms that have been acquired by Kovitz (ex. California office, Telemus Capital, IFAM Capital and Fort Pitt), do vary and are higher than the standard rate noted above. This is due to various factors, including, but not limited to, many being “legacy” in nature, or were in place before their respective acquisition by Kovitz. In these cases, advisory fee calculations are typically based on either “tiered,” “level,” or “flat” fee schedules. These accounts can contain one security type, or a mix of stocks, bonds, ETFs, or mutual funds. Additionally, Kovitz waives the annual fee for employees and some of their family members. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |22  Kovitz’s fees can sometimes exceed the yield earned on money market positions held within client accounts. With respect to margin balances, Kovitz’s fees are charged on the “net” value of the account, taking into account any margin balance or on the intentional margin balance. How margin is charged will be noted on the Client’s investment advisory agreement and/or fee schedule. For net margin, if the value of securities in an account is $500,000 with a margin balance of $50,000, the fees for that account will be calculated using a market value of $450,000. The exact methodology of that calculation (in advance, in arrears, last day of previous calendar quarter or average daily balance) will be detailed in the client’s fee schedule for review and approval. Certain private investments (limited partnerships) are billed quarterly in advance based on the most recently available net asset value provided by the fund manager. In certain cases, such as for Retirement Plans, fees are billed in arrears based on the value of the plan assets as calculated and paid to Kovitz by the Plan recordkeeper. We can change our fees if we give prior written notice to clients. If a client relationship ends, we will use the date of termination to value the account to calculate the final fees that we owe to the client or the Client owes if billed in arrears. Please refer to your specific advisory agreement and fee schedule for how we handle billing specifically for your relationship with Kovitz. The proration of accounts that join or leave Kovitz during a quarter will be detailed in your advisory agreement. Kovitz employees receive a payout based on aggregate assets within a client account or relationship managed and/or advised by Kovitz. The payout amount is the same regardless of the investment type (i.e. affiliated and non-affiliated hedge funds, mutual funds, real estate funds and private equity funds). Therefore, there is no advantage for an employee to steer clients to any specific investment vehicle. For certain clients, we charge an advisory fee for services provided to the held-away accounts mentioned above in Item 4, just as we do with client accounts held at our primary custodian(s). The specific fee schedule charged by us is provided in the client’s investment advisory agreement with us. In addition, for the firm’s Family Office Services, clients typically pay fixed, hourly, or “project-based” fees, depending on the nature of the services provided. Similar to management fees, they are negotiable on a client-by-client basis. For the Corporate Executive Services described in Item 4 above, Kovitz charges a flat annual consulting fee based on the complexity of the services to be provided, including the amount of time and travel involved. The fee typically is billed either quarterly or semi-annually based on its agreement with the client. Usually, we deduct our management fees from client accounts. We also invoice certain clients for our fees. Clients may choose which method of payment they prefer. In billing our client accounts for management fees, we typically “group” them by family (or “household”) as a way for clients to reach breakpoints. In addition, we, at our discretion, group multiple households or multiple client relationships together for purposes of reaching fee breakpoints. Under these circumstances, we acknowledge that individual clients or client households may not have complete control over whether or not they reach fee breakpoints. In other words, one client’s decision to increase or decrease their assets under Kovitz management may affect whether or not another (and sometimes unrelated) client will reach a breakpoint. Clients should understand that the grouping of accounts within households, or across multiple households or relationships for purposes of reaching fee breakpoints, is solely at our discretion. Our recommendations with respect to asset allocation are based on what we believe are our responsibilities as investment professionals, our fiduciary obligations, and when considering factors such as: client age, liquidity needs, tax-specific situations, and investment time horizon, among others. We also consider these factors when making recommendations specifically related to rollovers of retirement account and benefit plan assets. TPS FEES KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |23  TPS has different levels of subscriptions: Monthly rate: $33 One-Year subscription digital only: $325, digital and print subscription: $375 Two-Year subscription digital only: $595, digital and print subscription: $695 OTHER FEES AND EXPENSES We invest certain client assets in open and closed-end mutual funds and ETFs. Mutual funds and ETFs pay advisory fees to their own managers, and they pay brokerage commissions when their managers execute transactions. These fees and commissions are on top of the advisory fees we charge the client, and the commissions that the client pays to his/her broker when we buy and sell such mutual funds and ETFs in the client’s account. Additional fees include amounts charged by the custodian for services recommended and/or executed by Kovitz (i.e., margin interest, transaction fees, pledged asset fees, trade away fees). The firm’s general policy is to not receive compensation from unaffiliated firms in connection with mutual fund purchases in managed client accounts, such as 12b-1 trail commissions from mutual funds, or from money market funds in which Kovitz invests clients’ cash balances. With respect to EQTY, CAPOX, the Al Frank Fund, FPCGX, and our affiliated private and hedge funds, clients that hold such investments in their Kovitz-managed accounts do not pay management fees in addition to the management fee that Kovitz charges to such products themselves. In other words, there is no “layering of fees” in such circumstances. We recognize the conflicts of interest in recommending EQTY, CAPOX, FPCGX, or the Al Frank Fund instead of other investments to clients. These conflicts include: ♦ Our incentive to “steer” client assets into the funds to make them more attractive to the public with respect to asset-raising efforts; ♦ Growth in the funds allows for spreading of costs over a larger asset base. CAPOX, FPCGX and the Al Frank Fund currently have an “expense cap” in place. For the Al Frank Fund and FPCGX, we as the primary adviser, have agreed to reimburse the funds for costs that exceed the cap. Similarly, for CAPOX, the primary adviser has agreed to reimburse the fund for costs that exceed its expense cap. Asset growth in each of the funds over time will likely result in lower amounts of reimbursements. In addition, we have an incentive to invest clients in CAPOX, as the fees which we receive from the primary adviser will increase, depending on the size of the fund’s asset base. Under these scenarios, we will receive a benefit; ♦ Our employees occasionally use our affiliated mutual funds or EQTY as “placeholders” or substitute for individual equities or other investments in client accounts instead of holding money market funds or cash. As the firm implements its management strategies, we sell shares of these funds to make cash available for other investments. There is an incentive, therefore, for our employees to hold these affiliated mutual funds in client accounts, as they pay higher management fees to Kovitz than the standard management fee (see the Standard Fee Schedule above). ♦ In selecting EQTY, CAPOX, FPCGX, or the Al Frank Fund for a client’s accounts we are, by definition, not selecting another ETF or mutual fund which is unaffiliated with Kovitz, and which may have a lower management fee or may achieve (or may have already achieved) greater recent performance returns. To address these conflicts, and as we have noted above, depending on the prospective client or client’s investment objectives and risk tolerance, we generally recommend EQTY, CAPOX, FPCGX or the Al Frank Fund for those advisory clients who have assets below our investment minimums. Kovitz will monitor client balances within the Funds to determine if it is appropriate to transition from the specific fund to the corresponding equity strategy. Several factors will affect this decision, including the impact of capital gains as well as client requests. We also limit our recommendations to KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |24  those clients and prospective clients who we believe would be better served by the diversification (or in the case of CAPOX, the hedging opportunity) that we intend for these funds to provide. In addition, while we have discretion to invest our clients in EQTY, CAPOX, FPCGX or the Al Frank Fund, we discuss these decisions (or recommendations) in connection with our initial and periodic asset allocation discussions with clients. With respect to our existing advisory clients, the Al Frank Fund and FPCGX are primarily intended for those accounts below our investment minimums where, by choosing Kovitz as investment manager, the client has expressed his/her desire to invest in one of our firm’s equity strategies. For EQTY, we will recommend it for those accounts below our investment minimums, however we do recommend EQTY to other clients due to the structure of ETFs that we believe may benefit certain clients. Therefore, we believe it is in the client’s best interest for us to invest them in an ETF or mutual fund that is as close to our strategies as possible. Finally, for IRAs and ERISA accounts we follow the requirements of Department of Labor’s prohibited transaction exemption 77-4. Kovitz discloses the fees associated with EQTY, CAPOX, FCPGX and the Al Frank Fund and the client consents to the purchase prior to investment. Kovitz directly or indirectly receives fees in consideration for its management of the hedge funds described above in amounts described in the prospectuses and other offering documents for those investments. We generally charge an annual management fee, and performance-based fees, as described below. Investment management fees that we charge for our client accounts, hedge funds and mutual funds are in addition to any brokerage commissions, custodial fees, transaction fees, and other related costs and expenses. The hedge funds, mutual funds and ETFs are also subject to administrative, tax preparation, consulting, legal, audit, and any other types of professional expenses. In addition, the hedge funds reimburse Kovitz for certain expenses, or portions of expenses, which are paid by Kovitz. Please refer to the applicable offering documents or offering materials for more information. From time to time, Kovitz will introduce clients to other non-investment service providers if it believes the introduction will benefit the client. Sometimes the service provider will offer Kovitz a fee for making the introduction. Kovitz will accept the fee only if it is disclosed to the client and the client does not object. Clients should be aware that Kovitz’s receipt of the fee from the service provider creates a conflict of interest since the payment could influence Kovitz’s choice of the service provider instead of other providers from whom Kovitz does not receive an introduction fee. Kovitz addresses the conflicts of interest created by the above arrangements through these ADV brochure disclosures and reviews the quality and investment or service opportunity provided by the foregoing products and services when considering their potential value to, and appropriateness for, Kovitz’s clients. How do Mutual Fund Expense Ratios & Share Classes work? All mutual funds have an internal annual expense ratio that is paid out of fund assets. These expenses, including a management fee paid to the fund’s adviser are calculated as a percentage of the fund’s assets. If you invest $10,000 in a mutual fund with an annual expense ratio of 0.50%, you pay $50 a year to cover fund expenses. This amount is deducted from the mutual fund and gets paid even if the fund has negative returns. Each mutual fund’s Board of Trustees is required to annually review the expenses to determine whether they are reasonable compared to other mutual funds. The underlying investments within a mutual fund are the same across all share classes; however, the expense ratios and transaction fees associated with the different share classes vary. Shares with a lower total cost of expense ratio and transaction fees produce higher returns than other share classes of the same fund. Share classes that charge 12b-1 and shareholder servicing fees (i.e., marketing, distribution and administrative fees) typically have a higher expense ratio, but do not charge transaction fees. These are called No Transaction Fee (“NTF”) shares. Share classes that do not charge 12b- 1 or shareholder servicing fees typically have a lower expense ratio; but they do charge a fee ($10-$25) for each transaction. These are called Transaction Fee (“TF”) shares. Please refer to the following example of the differences in expenses between share classes of the same mutual fund. Share Class Annual Cost Expense of $500,000 Investment Ratio* Transaction Fees The Growth Fund of America (GFFFX) NTF 0.40% $2,000 $0/trade KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |25  The Growth Fund of America (GAFFX) TF 0.30% $1,500** $10/trade ∗ Please refer to the Prospectus for GFFFX and/or GAFFX for a detailed description of the costs associated with investing in the fund. These expenses are payable BY THE FUND and are charged to each shareholder as part of the daily NAV of fund shares. Fort Pitt does not earn compensation of any kind from investments in fund shares, other than its quarterly investment management fee. ** Excluding transaction-based fees being paid to broker-dealer custodians. Fort Pitt does not share in these fees. NTF shares are typically less expensive for clients with smaller account balances and/or regular transactions (i.e., Required Minimum Distributions). TF shares are typically less expensive for clients with larger account balances and limited numbers of transactions. Fort Pitt Mutual Fund selection and investing Fidelity Investments offers a “hybrid” iNTF share class for most mutual funds utilized in client portfolios that are the lowest expense ratio available on the Fidelity platform for which no transaction fees are charged. The expense ratio of the iNTF shares can be slightly higher than for TF shares, described above, but Fort Pitt would expect a portfolio that holds iNTF shares to be less expensive than a portfolio that holds TF shares and has regular transactions in the account. If iNTF shares classes are available, Fort Pitt believes that the iNTF share class is the most cost effective option for mutual fund investing at Fidelity. Clients with limited transactions in their account might be more cost effectively invested in TF shares, but in many cases, the lowest cost TF shares are not available at Fidelity. Clients with limited transactions in their accounts that hold mutual funds should consider selecting Schwab as the qualified custodian for their accounts. As a fiduciary, Fort Pitt seeks to select the mutual fund share class that is the most cost effective for a client’s account. When investing client accounts in its models, Fort Pitt uses the methodology it developed for share class selection that takes into consideration the current balance of the client account and the number of historical and anticipated transactions within the account. Fort Pitt conducts periodic compliance reviews of client account holdings using its review methodology to identify those that should be considered for conversion to another share class. As part of the compliance review process, Fort Pitt obtains information about the lowest expense share class that is available at the custodian at the time of the compliance review. Fort Pitt also periodically tests its methodology for share class selection to determine whether the methodology should be revised. MARGIN – TRANSFORM WEALTH Transform Wealth does not recommend the use of margin by Clients but has accommodated and may accommodate Client requests for use of margin by agreement between the Client and Transform Wealth. To the extent that a Client authorizes the use of margin, and margin is thereafter employed, the market value of the Client’s account and corresponding fee payable by the Client to Transform Wealth will be increased. As a result, in addition to understanding and assuming the additional principal risks associated with the use of margin, Clients authorizing margin are advised of the potential conflict of interest whereby the Client’s decision to employ margin will correspondingly increase the management fee payable to the firm. Accordingly, the decision to employ margin is left to the sole discretion of Client. Clients employing margin are advised that the margin balance is not deducted when calculating the advisory fee. IRAS AND BENEFIT PLANS – OTHER FEES AND EXPENSES; CONFLICTS OF INTEREST For certain clients for whom we manage their benefit plan, due to the location of their assets, these clients typically pay trustee fees and custodial fees if the client chooses or uses these services. The client will pay brokerage costs, and the amount will depend on the brokerage firm executing the client transactions. Brokerage is discussed in greater detail in the section entitled “Item 12. Brokerage Practices.” If a client selects the IRA or benefit plan trustee, the custodian, or the broker, we are not able to control the amount of these fees. Kovitz is generally unable to negotiate these fees on behalf KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |26  of the client. However, in some cases, we have the ability to waive, or otherwise absorb the periodic fees that IRA/benefit plan clients pay. We do this occasionally, at our sole discretion. Where appropriate, Kovitz will recommend to a client or prospect to rollover or transfer retirement funds to Kovitz. There is no fee to perform this action, but this is a conflict as Kovitz will receive additional compensation from the assets that are investment with the Firm. When Kovitz recommends a rollover of Retirement Assets into an IRA or Roth IRA, the firm believes that, despite the fees the client will pay for professional management services, the client will benefit from customized investment advice tailored to the individual needs of each client, after assessing and taking into account all of that client’s investment assets. Kovitz follows the requirements of the Department of Labor’s prohibited transaction exemption 2020-02 to proceed with these recommendations. ENVESTNET FEES Envestnet receives fees for its advisory and administrative services. For its UMA program, clients are charged a tiered platform fee ranging from 11 basis points (0.11%) to 19 basis points (0.19%) depending on the assets under management. For its SMA Program, Envestnet charges clients a tiered platform fee ranging from 8 basis points (0.08%) to 14 basis points (0.14%) depending on the assets under management. Clients will also pay an additional manager fee for each manager model used ranging from approximately 35 basis points (0.35%) to 60 basis points (0.60%) per model. These amounts, which clients pay to Envestnet, are in addition to the fees clients pay to Kovitz. TDOF FUND AND TLSRE FUND As indicated above in Item 4 the TDOF Fund is no longer open to new investors and is in the process of being dissolved. Kovitz does not charge an investment management fee for its advisory services to the TDOF Fund. With respect to the TLSRE Fund managed by Kovitz, also described in Item 4 above and as more fully described in the TLSRE Fund’s offering materials, Kovitz does not receive a management fee for its advisory services. Its affiliate, Telemus Life Science Real Estate Fund Manager, LLC, receives an annual management fee equal to 1.25% of the aggregate capital contributions made to the Fund, and following investors’ receipt of a 12% annual return hurdle, receives 15% of the excess cash distributed by the Fund. Kovitz waives its account-level advisory fees on client assets invested in the Fund to ensure that advisory clients are only charged once for Kovitz’s advisory services. KOVITZ CARES FOUNDATION; CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Several of Kovitz’s employees are involved in a charitable organization called the Kovitz Cares Foundation (Kovitz Cares). Kovitz Cares primarily focuses on organizing volunteer projects for Kovitz employees and raising funds to donate to charities. While Kovitz employees are not compensated for their involvement with Kovitz Cares, a conflict exists in that the firm solicits donations from its clients, its vendors, and other parties in carrying out the foundation’s activities. We also acknowledge that Kovitz employees serve on boards of directors or are otherwise involved in charitable organizations with whom Kovitz Cares has relationships. We have an incentive to direct clients and other parties to certain vendors if they decide to sponsor a charitable event sponsored by Kovitz Cares. Also, there is a risk that we will give preferential treatment to certain clients over others or use certain vendors or other parties (or recommend them to clients) based on their involvement with Kovitz Cares, rather than based what is in our clients’ best interests. In instances where trade gains can be made to charitable organizations, Kovitz is able to receive an economic benefit if it chooses to donate such gains to Kovitz Cares, as these donations are tax-deductible. We believe we have taken steps to address these conflicts in the following ways: ♦ Our investment management and trading processes are largely centralized, reducing the risks of preferential treatment to certain clients, regardless of the circumstances; KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |27  ♦ Kovitz does not actively solicit clients to sponsor events or other activities related to the business of Kovitz Cares; and ♦ The firm maintains policies and procedures regarding trade error resolutions (refer to the Trade Error discussion under the section below entitled, “Item 12. Brokerage Practices”). FAMILY OFFICE SERVICES; FIXED FEES Kovitz’s Family Office Services charges a fee to clients for the value-added services they are providing to the client. This fee, in some instances, is in addition to the annual management fee, if applicable, charged to the client for managing their assets. The fee is charged on a quarterly basis or upon completion of services and covers, among other things, bill paying, tax planning and services and philanthropic endeavors. FINANCIAL PLANNING AND CONSULTING FEES As detailed above, Kovitz also provides some of its clients with certain financial planning and consulting services. The fees for these services will be included as part of Kovitz’ overall annual management fee or a separately negotiated fixed fee may be charged, depending on the type of planning services to be rendered. The terms and conditions of the financial planning and/or consulting engagement are set forth in the Consulting Agreement with the client. RETIREMENT PLAN CONSULTING FEES Kovitz may charge a fixed project-based fee or asset-based fee to provide clients with Retirement Plan Consulting services. Each engagement is individually negotiated and tailored to accommodate the needs of the individual plan sponsor and memorialized in the Investment Advisory Agreement. These fixed project fees are negotiated with each plan client depending on the complexity and scope of the engagement. In those situations where Kovitz has agreed to charge an annual asset-based fee, the fee generally varies between 10 and 100 basis points (0.10% – 1.00%), depending upon the amount of assets to be managed and complexity of the engagement. THIRD PARTY MANAGERS In addition, Advisor may recommend to Client, or engage on Client’s behalf, one or more third-party managers to provide some or all of the services covered by this Agreement, including, where applicable, the selection or replacement of any third-party manager, in Advisor’s discretion, based upon our assessment of the credentials, background, specialized knowledge and expertise of the third-party manager with respect to specific investment types and/or strategies. In addition to our advisory fee, you may also incur certain fees and charges imposed by third parties, including where Advisor has recommended or engaged a third-party manager on Client’s behalf. Any third-party manager may charge its fee separately or apply its fee directly to the Client’s account, along with any transaction costs incurred. Any such fee is separate and in addition to Advisor’s fee. In the event of investments with a third-party manager, as applicable, the Valuation Balance will be determined based on the most recent quarter end valuation of (a) the assets managed by such manager or (b) the fund(s) managed by such manager. If the most recent quarter end valuation is not available, then the Valuation Balance will be determined using the most recent valuation or other information available plus or minus capital calls, distributions and/or unrealized gain/losses, as applicable. External Managers may purchase or sell securities through a broker/dealer other than through your Custodian (referred to as trading away). Managers of Fixed Income Securities may trade away on a frequent basis. Such accounts may incur higher transaction costs than you would be charged through your Custodian. It is important to read the Disclosure Brochure of External Managers. MY PERSONAL BOOKKEEPER If the client uses the MPB service, the client will pay additional fees for that service as described in the separate agreement, specific to MPB. No client will be invoiced for MPB without a signed MPB agreement in place. TELEMUS INSURANCE SERVICES, LLC Kovitz is affiliated with Telemus Insurance Services, LLC, and TMD Insurance Services, LLC (together “the Insurance Agencies”). TIS is licensed as an insurance agency in Michigan and TMD Insurance Services, LLC is licensed as an insurance KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |28  agency in Arizona. The Firm and certain of its employees refer clients and prospective clients to the Insurance Agencies for various insurance products and services such as life, disability and long-term care policies and annuity contracts, and make referrals to third party providers for property and casualty and group health insurance, for which they could potentially be compensated. The compensation creates an incentive to recommend insurance products for the compensation received, rather than to meet a client’s needs. We address this conflict of interest through this disclosure. Clients are free to accept our recommendation or seek insurance products through other brokers or agents, as they wish. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS Kovitz does receive direct compensation from Cardinal Point, in connection with referral clients from Kovitz to Cardinal Point. Clients referred to Cardinal Point, will only pay applicable fees to Cardinal Point. Clients will not have to pay more fees to Cardinal Point due to the referral from Kovitz. The referral of client assets to Cardinal Point rather than to an unaffiliated investment adviser increases the compensation to Kovitz and the revenue to Kovitz, Cardinal Point’s common parent company, Focus LLC, relative to a situation in which the referred clients take their business to an unaffiliated investment adviser. As a consequence, the common parent company has a financial incentive to cause Kovitz refer clients to Cardinal Point. Kovitz receives a portion of the asset management fee obtained by Origin and OCA in connection with assets that our clients place in Origin and OCA’s pooled investment vehicles. These clients do not pay an advisory fee to Kovitz on the assets placed in Origin’s pooled investment vehicles. Kovitz’s clients are not advisory clients of and do not pay advisory fees to Origin. However, our clients bear the costs of Origin and OCA’s investment vehicle or vehicles in which they are invested, including any management fees and performance fees payable to Origin and OCA. The allocation of Kovitz client assets to SCS, Origin and OCA’s pooled investment vehicles, rather than to an unaffiliated investment manager, increases SCS, Origin and OCA’s compensation and the revenue to Focus LLC, and potentially Kovitz, relative to a situation in which our clients are excluded from SCS, Origin and OCA’s pooled investment vehicles or invested in an unaffiliated third party’s pooled investment vehicles. As a consequence, Focus LLC and Kovitz have a financial incentive to cause us to recommend that our clients invest in SCS, Origin or OCA’s pooled investment vehicles. FOCUS RISK SOLUTIONS, LLC (“FRS”) We help our clients obtain certain insurance solutions by introducing clients to our affiliate, Focus Risk Solutions, LLC (“FRS”), a wholly owned subsidiary of our parent company, Focus Financial Partners, LLC. FRS assists our clients with regulated insurance sales activity by advising our clients on insurance matters and placing insurance products for them and/or referring our clients to certain third-party insurance brokers (the “Brokers”), with whom FRS has agreements, which either separately or together with FRS place insurance products for them. If FRS places an insurance product or refers one of our clients to a Broker and there is a subsequent purchase of insurance through the Broker, then FRS will receive a portion of the upfront and/or ongoing commissions associated with the sale by the insurance carrier with which the policy was placed. The amount of revenue earned by FRS for the sale of these insurance products will vary over time in response to market conditions and will also differ based on the type of insurance product sold and which Broker placed the policy. The amount of insurance commission revenue earned by FRS is considered for purposes of determining the amount of additional compensation that certain of our financial professionals are entitled to receive. Additionally, in exchange for allowing certain of the Brokers to participate in the FRS platform and, thereby, to offer their services to our clients and certain of our affiliates’ clients, FRS receives periodic fees (the “Platform Fees”) from such Brokers. The Platform Fees are expected to change over time. Such Platform Fees are revenue for FRS and, ultimately, for our common parent company, Focus, but we do not share in such revenue. FRS also indirectly benefits from our clients’ use of the services insofar as such use incentivizes the Brokers to maintain their relationship with FRS and to continue paying Platform Fees to FRS, which could also support increases in the overall amount of the Platform Fee rates in the future. Further information on this conflict of interest is available in Item 10 of this Brochure. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |29  We offer clients the option of obtaining certain financial solutions from unaffiliated third-party financial institutions through UPTIQ Treasury & Credit Solutions, LLC (together with UPTIQ, Inc. and its affiliates, “UPTIQ”) and Flourish Financial LLC (“Flourish”). Focus Financial Partners, LLC (“Focus”) is a minority investor in UPTIQ, Inc. UPTIQ is compensated by sharing in the revenue earned by such third-party financial institutions for serving our clients. The revenue paid to UPTIQ also benefits UPTIQ, Inc.’s investors, including Focus, our parent company. When legally permissible, UPTIQ also shares a portion of this earned revenue with our affiliate, Focus Solutions Holdings, LLC (“FSH”). For securities-backed lines of credit (“SBLOCs”) made to our clients, UPTIQ will share with FSH up to 75% of all revenue it receives from such third-party financial institutions. For other loans (except residential mortgage loans) made to our clients, UPTIQ will share with FSH up to 25% of all revenue it receives from such third-party financial institutions. For cash management products and services provided to our clients, UPTIQ will share with FSH up to 33% of all revenue it receives from the third-party financial institutions and other intermediaries that provide administrative and settlement services in connection with this program. As noted above, Flourish facilitates cash management solutions for our clients. When legally permissible, Flourish pays FSH a revenue share of up to 0.10% of the total amount of cash held in Flourish cash accounts by our clients. Although the amount of these revenue-sharing payments to FSH is not charged directly in the calculation of the interest rate paid by clients on credit solutions facilitated by UPTIQ or the yield earned by clients on cash management solutions facilitated by UPTIQ or Flourish, the compensation earned by UPTIQ and Flourish is an expense of the third-party financial institutions that informs the interest rate paid by clients on credit solutions and the yield earned by clients on cash management solutions. FSH distributes this revenue to us when we are licensed to receive such revenue (or when no such license is required) and the distribution is not otherwise legally prohibited. Further information on this conflict of interest is available in Item 10 of this Brochure. ITEM 6. PERFORMANCE- BASED FEES/SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT As we described above, we charge quarterly investment management fees for providing investment management services to our advisory clients. We charge performance-based fees to our affiliated hedge funds (which are open to new investors) and certain other separate accounts that we manage alongside our hedge funds. These fees are generally a percentage of net profits, subject to a high-water mark. We also receive management fees and performance-based servicing fees in connection with the real estate funds discussed above. In addition, certain of our executive officers own a separate company that sponsors and manages private equity funds. They receive compensation based on their ownership of the private equity funds’ manager, and based on the ongoing management and performance-based fees that the funds pay to the manager. This is a conflict of interest in that Kovitz and its employees have an incentive to recommend that clients invest in the potentially riskier and less liquid and higher fee-paying hedge funds and other private placements over separate account management because the funds pay higher management fees and also performance-based fees. We have an incentive to devote more time and resources to the hedge funds and other private placements over our advisory clients who only pay investment management fees and not performance-based fees. In addition, performance-based fees create an incentive for us to make investments that are riskier or more speculative than we would if we did not charge performance- based fees. Also, this creates an incentive to over-value investments that do not have readily available market values. We have designed our policies regarding trade allocation, valuation, and our Code of Ethics to help address these risks: KOVITZ’S AFFILIATED HEDGE FUNDS AND OTHER PRIVATE PLACEMENTS ♦ Kovitz’s affiliated hedge funds and other private placements are not suitable for all clients, they are not permitted for certain clients, and we do not market them to the general public. As described above, we first consult with our clients to determine the nature of their financial condition, their financial objectives, income and liquidity needs, desire and need for principal protection, risk tolerance, and tax sensitivities. We also KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |30  assess the client’s investment sophistication, net worth, and eligibility in determining whether it is suitable to recommend investments that pay performance-based fees; ♦ The affiliated hedge funds and other private placements have a different investment objective, require a higher risk tolerance, have a different investment strategy, and are usually less liquid than investments held in our non-private placement advisory clients. The hedge funds and other private placements invest in securities or other assets in which non-private placement investors do not invest; ♦ When the hedge funds invest in the same securities as non-hedge fund investors, we generally execute those transactions around the same time. However, because the hedge funds generally use different brokers (where applicable) than our separate account clients, we do not necessarily apply the same average price across all participating client accounts and hedge funds. To address this, we have implemented trade rotation policies and procedures. In connection with “firm-wide” trades, we rotate executions across several client account “groups” (for example, one group is comprised of our hedge funds and certain related separate accounts). We have created client groups based on, among other things, the custodian(s) of client accounts, and whether or not we have substantial control over the trade execution process. Our goal is to achieve fairness of execution over time across our entire client base; ♦ Kovitz does not exercise discretion with respect to investing client assets in its affiliated hedge funds and other private placements (that is, the client must choose to invest in such funds); ♦ Many of the investors in the affiliated hedge funds and other private placements are also separate account advisory clients of Kovitz, and these clients’ non-private placement assets under management usually significantly exceed their investments in the private placements. This creates a disincentive for Kovitz to favor the private placements over separately managed accounts; ♦ Kovitz does not charge fees in a manner which results in charging more than once on certain assets (sometimes referred to as “double dipping”); and ♦ The allocation of investments in private investments or limited investment opportunities across client portfolios is generally not executed on a pro rata basis as a number of factors will determine whether the private or limited offering is appropriate or suitable for a client. Accordingly, such opportunities may be allocated based on another approach, including random selection, selection based on account size or another methodology. Factors which may impact the allocation, include but are not limited to: client acceptance, account size, liquidity, investor qualification and risk tolerance. We note that private investments or limited investment opportunities may not be appropriate for smaller accounts, depending on factors such as minimum investment size, qualification status, account size, risk, and diversification requirements, and accordingly may not be allocated such investments; EQTY, THE AL FRANK FUND AND FPCGX With respect to EQTY, and as noted above, Kovitz generally intends to manage EQTY according to the same primary equity strategy as that of its separate (equity) account clients (i.e., side-by-side). In addition, the investment teams in the California Office and Fort Pitt manage the Al Frank Fund and FCPGX (respectively) according to the same strategy as that of its separate account clients. Subject to day-to-day cash flows in or out of the Al Frank Fund and FPCGX (which result from underlying shareholder activity over which Kovitz does not have complete control), Kovitz generally intends to transact in the same securities as in its clients’ separate accounts, and apply an average price to such transactions. If we cannot complete the entire desired transaction for all clients, we use a lottery system to determine on a random basis which clients will receive an allocation of the intended transaction. With respect to the Al Frank Fund and FPCGX, Kovitz generally groups transactions in the fund with its separate client accounts that are managed according to a similar investment strategy. Similar to our hedge funds, EQTY will trade in its own “trade group” and will not be aggregated with other clients’ separate accounts. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |31  ITEM 7. TYPES OF CLIENTS We provide investment management services to: ♦ Individuals (primarily those with a high net worth) and their related accounts such as IRAs, trusts, partnerships, and custodial accounts; ♦ ♦ Retirement/benefit plans such as 401(k) and profit-sharing plans; Accounts of small businesses; ♦ Institutional clients, such as Taft-Hartley plans and other entities, such as corporations, limited partnerships, and limited liability companies; ♦ ♦ ♦ State and municipal government entities; Charitable foundations and other not-for-profit organizations; and Affiliated private placements (described above). As noted above, we also have several “wrap,” “model,” and TAMP arrangements where we provide a model portfolio to the primary advisers’ clients. In addition, we act as a sub-adviser to CAPOX, which we manage according to an investment strategy that is similar to the strategy of our affiliated hedge funds, and which we recommend for our separate account clients (refer to our discussion of CAPOX in various places throughout this Brochure. Please also refer to the CAPOX prospectus for more information, available at www.absoluteadvisers.com/absolute-capital-opportunities-fund/fund-overview). Lastly, we act as investment adviser to EQTY, FPCGX and to the Al Frank Fund (refer to our discussions of EQTY, FPCGX and the Al Frank Fund in various places throughout this Brochure. Please refer to the EQTY prospectus for more information, available at www.Kovitz.com/eqty, and the Al Frank Fund prospectus for more information, available at www.alfrankfunds.com and the FPCGX prospectus for more information, available at www.fortpittfunds.com). INVESTMENT MINIMUMS Kovitz does not have a stated investment minimum but generally prefer to require a $1,000,000 minimum initial relationship for separate accounts. Kovitz has the discretion to accept or decline any client engagement for any reason, in our sole discretion. ITEM 8. METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, RISK OF LOSS Investing in securities involves the risk of loss, and the loss may be permanent, and clients should be prepared to bear that risk. We try to manage that risk for our clients by considering the client’s financial condition, financial objectives, income and liquidity needs, desire and need for principal protection, risk tolerance and tax sensitivities, and by managing and periodically rebalancing the client’s assets to a target asset allocation. We also manage this risk of loss by diligent security selection. We discuss this issue in more detail below. In certain instances, Kovitz will develop a written investment policy statement ("IPS"), which establishes expectations for minimum and anticipated real return, volatility, and maximum acceptable losses. The IPS also sets forth guidelines for the selection of managers and mutual funds, as well as parameters for manager termination. Once the IPS is developed, Kovitz coordinates and supervises the implementation of the long-term plan. The following discussion is limited to our investment strategies, methods of analysis, and risks relating to individual equities, ETFs, mutual funds, fixed income securities (including CMOs), structured notes, interval funds, external managers and private collective investment vehicles. These are the strategies and securities that we believe are the most relevant in our relationships with our advisory clients. EQUITIES KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |32  Investment Philosophy and Strategy Our equity selection philosophy is based on adopting a business owner mentality and adhering to a “Margin of Safety” principle. Risk of loss from an investment in equities can arise from faulty assumptions about a company’s intrinsic value, including assumptions as to normalized earnings, growth of earnings, and the company’s competitive advantage. We try to pay a price significantly below our estimate of intrinsic or private business valuation. This approach attempts to mitigate risk of permanent loss of capital should our analysis or assumptions prove inaccurate. We apply this methodology and analysis diligently. Discipline We look to invest in industry leading, prudently capitalized (focus on use of leverage) companies that have a competitive advantage. We are very focused on the price we pay. We will pay a price we believe is significantly below intrinsic value and we are willing to wait for the market to realize that value. Intrinsic value is based on the discounted value of future cash flows. We do not decide to buy, sell, or hold stocks based on what others think the market or the economy is going to do, but based instead on how the intrinsic value of the business compares to the market price of the stock. We select (or hold) clients’ equities in much the same way we would evaluate a business if we wanted to buy or keep the whole company. Patience We believe that having a long-time horizon is an advantage to investing successfully (outperforming a benchmark over multi-year periods). Our business structure allows us a long-time horizon as the interests of the client, the planner, and the investment manager are aligned. Our decisions are based on long-term business values rather than short-term events or analysts’ reports. Our client base shares our long-time horizon, and we believe this is an advantage with respect to investing. Perspective While we strive to maximize return, we stress the importance of safety of principal with a focus on minimizing permanent loss of capital. We therefore purchase stocks at a significant discount to our estimate of underlying intrinsic value. Our goal is to generate substantial return when our analysis and assumptions prove correct, while minimizing downside risk if a particular investment thesis is flawed or if for some other reason our assumptions prove incorrect. Implementing these principles often results in investment decisions that run counter to general market sentiment. We believe this approach is consistent with our focus on maximizing long-term net worth whether or not we generate short-term performance. Market price movements are important to us because they alternately create low price levels at which we can buy and high price levels at which we can sell. EQUITY RESEARCH – METHOD OF ANALYSIS Our equity research and method of analysis apply a thorough process to screen, track, evaluate, and manage our clients’ equity portfolios. Our method of analysis is primarily fundamental, and we rely heavily on our review of publicly available filings and other proprietary research. We do not concentrate on meetings with management or research reports prepared by third party analysts. We summarize below the important facets of our approach: Qualitative Assessment ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Market leaders with strong competitive positions; Stable products and economies of scale and/or scope; Low capital requirements; and Experienced and competent management with ownership stakes. Quantitative Assessment ♦ ♦ High returns on capital; High correlation between earnings and cash flow; KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |33  ♦ ♦ Low financial risk; and Valuations based on discounted cash flow models. Kovitz investment teams use various methods of analysis and sources of information in formulating investment advice. The methods of analysis are primarily based on economic and company/fund fundamental analysis as well as economic cyclicality. Charting and technical analysis are used only as conformational tools. For some investment strategies, Kovitz uses proprietary screening criteria. Kovitz’s sources of information include, but are not limited to, Bloomberg, Zephyr, Morningstar, Thompson Reuters, The Daily Shot, I Portfolio Solutions, Standard & Poor’s and KDP Corporate Bond Research. Other sources of information include corporate annual reports, prospectuses, SEC filings, inspections of corporate activities, third-party research (i.e., “street” research materials), corporate rating services, newspapers, financial periodicals and the internet. RISKS We remind our clients and prospective clients that there are risks to investing in equities. The following are examples of such risks: Market Risk: Equity securities fluctuate in value, and such fluctuations can be significant. The price of an equity security may drop in response to the activities of the individual company, but can also be caused by other factors that are unrelated to company’s condition or circumstances. Equity prices can react to tangible and intangible events, such as political, economic, and social conditions. In addition, stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The value of the equities that a client holds may decline over short or extended periods of time. Business Risk: Securities issued by certain types of companies or companies within certain industries are subject to greater risks of loss due to the nature of their business. For example, certain companies may have to devote a large amount of resources and investment over many years before they can deliver a product or service to customers at a profit. They may carry a higher perceived risk of loss than companies which receive a steady, predictable stream of income from customers regardless of the economic environment. Concentration Risk: Clients whose investment portfolios are not “diversified” – that is, portfolios heavily weighted in a small number of securities, industries, sectors, or types of investments (equities versus fixed income) may experience more volatility and fluctuation in market values than those who have more diversified portfolios. Concentrated holdings may offer the potential for higher gain, but also offer the potential for significant loss. Liquidity Risk: “Liquidity” is the ability to readily convert an investment into cash. If an asset is not liquid, there may be a greater risk that, if circumstances require an investor to sell the asset quickly, it will be sold at a price substantially below what is perceived as a “fair” value. Generally, an asset is more liquid if it represents a standardized product or security and there are many traders interested in making a market in that product or security. For example, Treasury Bills are highly liquid, while real estate properties are generally considered illiquid. FIXED INCOME Our investment approach to fixed income investing stresses preservation of wealth. We believe that a quality bond portfolio, constructed and rebalanced to a thoughtful asset allocation, helps to mitigate risk by adding a low correlated asset class to equities. We believe our competitive advantage in managing fixed income lies in our diligent execution process which enables us to achieve excess yield without accepting excess risk. Investment Philosophy and Strategy; Method of Analysis We try to carry out our investment approach by patiently bidding on bonds (municipal and corporate) owned by third party bond sellers and by our willingness to buy odd (smaller) lots of bonds, bonds selling at a premium, AMT bonds, and sinking fund bonds. The demand for these kinds of bonds is typically low, and we are generally able to buy them at lower prices (and higher yields) for our clients. While this is the firm’s primary (and preferred) bond-buying strategy, the firm also buys bonds directly from the inventories of brokers that hold the clients’ assets, depending on the client’s specific KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |34  circumstances. We anticipate holding the bonds to maturity and therefore are less concerned with interim price fluctuations. We do not take ownership or maintain an inventory of bonds for later sale to our clients. We buy bonds for direct allocation to specific client accounts based on the specific client’s asset allocation and circumstances. Depending on our specific client’s investment objective, we will build a bond ladder of individual bonds maturing in different years in order to provide liquidity, an income stream, and to hopefully reinvest at higher rates. Our strategy, method of analysis, and objective in purchasing bonds are: ♦ ♦ To preserve client principal; To not attempt to forecast interest rates. Instead, we attempt to take advantage of current market conditions to identify excess yield available in the bond market; ♦ To not compromise credit quality. We consider underlying ratings and financial health of the bond issuer and any insurer. We focus on the nature of the bond issue, and we prefer general obligation and essential service- backed bonds; ♦ To obtain above market returns through a disciplined purchasing strategy, and not by assuming added credit risk; ♦ To adhere to the client’s specific needs and circumstances such as state preferences, income needs, and tax sensitivities; ♦ To be flexible as to the timing of principal and interest payments so long as our clients receive satisfactory additional yield due to this nuance; ♦ ♦ ♦ To be willing to accept modest liquidity risk when such risk can potentially lead to greater returns; To match the client’s cash flow needs with our view of interest rate and liquidity risk to build a suitable portfolio; To purchase and sell through an open bidding process to ensure fresh, accurate, and above market yields. We do not hold bonds in inventory. We do not buy bonds from clients for our company’s account, nor do we sell bonds to clients from our own company’s account; and ♦ To purchase bonds with specific clients in mind. RISKS As with equities, there are risks to investing in fixed income securities, such as Market Risk, Business Risk, and Concentration Risk (please see the discussion of those risks above). In addition, there are risks that are specific to fixed income securities. The following are some examples: Liquidity Risk: As we have described above, liquidity is the ability to readily convert an investment into cash. Generally, an asset is more liquid if it represents a standardized product or security and there are many parties interested in making a market in that product or security. For example, Treasury Bills are highly liquid, while real estate properties are generally considered illiquid. If an asset is not liquid, there may be a greater risk that, if circumstances require an investor to sell the asset quickly, it will be sold at a price substantially below what is perceived as a “fair” value. Given our firm’s investment philosophy and trading strategy, which we have described above, this risk applies to our clients who hold fixed income securities. As we have also described above, we tend to purchase fixed income securities in smaller lots for our clients, and intend for our clients to hold them until maturity. If clients direct us, however, to sell certain fixed income securities rather than holding them to maturity, we may be unable to obtain a favorable or “fair” sale price. Interest Rate Risk: Fluctuations in interest rates may cause prices of fixed income securities to fluctuate. For example, when interest rates rise, yields on existing bonds become less attractive, causing their market values to decline. Specifically, with respect to structured notes (steepeners), coupon rates can fall to zero, as the rates on such securities are adjustable, and will change as a result of changes in interest rates. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |35  Credit (Default) Risk: The owner of a fixed income security may lose money if the party that issues the security is unable or unwilling to make timely principal and/or interest payments or to otherwise honor its obligations. Further, when an issuer’s financial condition suffers, or a credit rating agency lowers the issuer’s credit rating, the price of the issuer’s bonds may decline and/or experience greater volatility. These changes can also affect the liquidity of the issuer’s fixed income securities and make them more difficult to sell. Prepayment Risk: When the issuer of a fixed income security has the right to prepay principal, if it exercises that right earlier or at a higher rate than expected, a client may incur losses. This means that the client may be unable to recoup his/her initial investment and may have to reinvest in lower yielding securities. This can have a negative effect on the client’s income stream, total return and/or the price of the security. Prepayment risk tends to be highest in periods of declining interest rates. Reinvestment Risk and Inflation Risk: Reinvestment Risk is the risk that future proceeds from investments may have to be reinvested at potentially lower rates of return (interest rates). With respect to inflation, when any type of price inflation is present, a dollar today will not buy as much as a dollar next year, because a person’s “purchasing power” is eroding at the rate of inflation. MUTUAL FUNDS – FORT PITT Fort Pitt closely examines fund-level data such as share class availability, asset size, expense ratios, style consistency, diversification of the underlying portfolio, performance characteristics in varying market environments, and management’s track record. A comparison of funds to their peer groups is conducted as well. The up-front research conducted in choosing or recommending a new investment is merely the initial undertaking. Since Fort Pitt intends for client assets to be held for the long-term, the research into the firm’s investment choices, expense structures, and performance is ongoing. Meetings are held at least bi-monthly to discuss strategy and additions or changes. After investing in a fund, conference calls are conducted with mutual fund managers or investment teams on a periodic basis. Less formal discussions take place via telephone with mutual fund representatives and Portfolio Managers on an ad hoc basis. When more detailed dialogue is necessary, a member of the firm’s portfolio management team will interview a fund manager. RISKS – MUTUAL FUNDS As with all other types of securities, there are risks to investing in mutual funds. Such risks are generally associated with the underlying investments (i.e., equities and fixed income) within the fund’s portfolios and are defined in each fund’s prospectus. See the risk discussions above specific to investing in equities and fixed income securities. RISKS – ETFS Market Risk: Similar to equity securities, ETFs fluctuate in value, and such fluctuations can be significant. The price of an ETF can drop in response to the activities of the individual companies held by the ETF, but can also be caused by other factors that are unrelated to a specific holding’s condition or circumstances. ETF prices can react to tangible and intangible events, such as political, economic, and social conditions. In addition, stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The value of the ETFs that a client holds may decline over short or extended periods of time. Also, ETFs that seek to provide investment results that are the inverse (opposite) of the performance of an underlying index, are subject to the risk that the performance of such ETF will fall as the performance of that ETF’s benchmark rises. In addition, some ETFs utilize leverage (i.e., borrowing) in order to acquire their underlying portfolio investments. The use of leverage can exaggerate changes in an ETF’s share price and the return on its underlying investments. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |36  Accordingly, the value of a client’s investments in ETFs may be more volatile and all other risks, including the risk of loss of an investment, tend to increase. As a result of compounding, inverse and leveraged ETFs often have a single day investment objective. An inverse ETF’s performance for periods greater than one day is likely to be either greater than or less than the inverse of the index performance as stated in the ETF’s objective. Similarly, a leveraged ETF’s performance for periods greater than one day is likely to be either greater than or less than the index performance times the stated multiple in the ETF’s objective. This effect becomes more pronounced for these types of ETFs as market volatility increases. Investments by clients in inverse and leveraged ETFs may result in increased volatility of returns. As a result, investments in these types of securities can result in client not achieving their investment objectives. Concentration Risk: Sector ETFs, such as REITs, are subject to industry concentration risk, which is the chance that stocks comprising the sector ETF will decline due to adverse developments in that particular industry. Interest Rate Risk: Fixed income (bond) ETFs are subject to interest rate risk which is the risk that debt securities in a portfolio will decline in value because of increases in market interest rates. Securities rated below investment grade, commonly referred to as “junk bonds”, involve greater risks than securities in higher rating categories. Junk bonds are regarded as speculative in nature, involve greater risk of default by the issuing company, and may be subject to greater market fluctuations than higher rated fixed income securities. Credit (default) Risk: Fixed income ETFs are also subject to credit (default) risk. The owner of a fixed income security may lose money if the party that issues the security is unable or unwilling to make timely principal and/or interest payments or to otherwise honor its obligations. Further, when an issuer’s financial condition suffers, or a credit rating agency lowers the issuer’s credit rating, the price of the issuer’s bonds may decline and/or experience greater volatility. These changes can also affect the liquidity of the issuer’s fixed income securities and make them more difficult to sell. RISKS – MARGIN Margin lending is a feature where a custodian will lend a Client money against the value of their portfolio securities. The borrowed money is called a margin loan and can be used to purchase additional securities or to meet short-term financial needs. Margin can be profitable when stocks prices increase although financial risk to the Client can be significant when stock prices decline. Clients should carefully read their custodian margin agreement to fully understand the risks associated with margin lending. RISKS – MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES As we have noted above in the section entitled “Item 4. Kovitz’s Investment Advisory Business,” part of our fixed income approach includes investing in MBS, specifically CMOs. We apply the same investment philosophy, trading strategy, and method of analysis as we do for other fixed income securities (as we have also described above). As with equities and other types of fixed income securities, there are risks to investing in CMOs, such as Market Risk, Business Risk, and Concentration Risk. Liquidity Risk, Interest Rate Risk, and Credit (default) Risk also apply when investing in CMOs. In addition, there are other risks specific to CMOs: General: The performance of a client’s CMO holdings can be affected by a variety of factors, including its priority in the capital structure of the issuing company, the nature of the mortgages themselves within the CMOs, and the level and timing of principal and interest payments made by underlying mortgage borrowers. Also, a rapid change in the rate of defaults of mortgages within a CMO may have a significant effect on the yield to maturity. Clients risk loss on CMO investments regardless of their ratings by the ratings agencies. Prepayment Risk: When the issuer of a fixed income security has the right to prepay principal, if it exercises that right earlier or at a higher rate than expected, a client may incur losses. This means that the client may be unable to recoup his/her initial investment and may have to reinvest in lower yielding securities. This can have a negative effect on the client’s income stream, total return and/or the price of the securities in the client’s portfolio. Prepayment risk tends to be KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |37  highest in periods of declining interest rates. Although CMOs can be issued with maturities of up to 40 years, unscheduled or early payments of principal and interest on the mortgages may significantly shorten their effective maturity dates. Generally, CMOs are subject to greater prepayment risk than other types of fixed income securities, such as municipal or corporate bonds. From time-to-time Kovitz will recommend that clients invest with third party money managers. Kovitz obtains information with respect to money managers from third party consultants, tracking organizations, business publications, money managers and other sources. The factors Kovitz uses to recommend money managers include, but are not limited to, the manager’s reputation, firm stability, quality and resources of the investment team, operational infrastructure and controls, investment philosophy, depth and breadth of research, portfolio construction and risk management practices, performance record, the continuity of management service to clients, minimum dollar investment requirement and fees. Where we otherwise deem the investment appropriate in light of the client’s investment objectives and risk tolerance, we recommend allocating a portion of our clients’ portfolios to alternative investments (affiliated or unaffiliated) that offer exposure to asset classes or investment opportunities which would not otherwise be available to them. Alternative investments are typically much less liquid than securities that are traded in the public markets. Some alternative investments present substantial risk of loss. The risks associated with each alternative investment we recommend are detailed in the offering memorandum for the relevant investment. We urge clients to carefully review and consider the risks of any alternative investments we recommend, including the potential for losing the entire amount invested. In addition to general business risks, investors in the TLSRE Fund are subject to the following additional risks: ♦ Risks associated with the success of the Fund’s investment in IQHQ, Inc., including the real estate development risk that the life science real estate projects are not completed as planned. Clients should review the offering and other documents a client participating in the TLSRE Fund will receive that set out a more detailed discussion of risks relative to investing in the particular fund. RISKS – STRUCTURED NOTES Structured notes are complex financial instruments. Clients should understand the reference asset(s) or index(es) and determine how the note's payoff structure incorporates such reference asset(s) or index(es) in calculating the note's performance. This payoff calculation may include leverage multiplied on the performance of the reference asset or index protection from losses should the reference asset or index produce negative returns and fees. Structured notes may have complicated payoff structures that can make it difficult for clients to accurately assess their value, risk, and potential for growth through the term of the structured note. Determining the performance of each note can be complex, and this calculation can vary significantly from note to note, depending on the structure. Notes can be structured in a wide variety of ways. Payoff structures can be leveraged, inverse, or inverse- leveraged, which may result in larger returns or losses. Clients should carefully read the prospectus for a structured note to fully understand how the payoff on a note will be calculated and discuss these issues with us. Market risk: Some structured notes provide for the repayment of principal at maturity, which is often referred to as "principal protection." This principal protection is subject to the credit risk of the issuing financial institution. Many structured notes do not offer this feature. For structured notes that do not offer principal protection, the performance of the linked asset or index may cause clients to lose some, or all, of their principal. Depending on the nature of the linked asset or index, the market risk of the structured note may include changes in equity or commodity prices, changes in interest rates or foreign exchange rates, or market volatility. Issuance price and note value: The price of a structured note at issuance will likely be higher than the fair value of the structured note on the date of issuance. Issuers now disclose an estimated value of the structured note on the cover page of the offering prospectus, allowing investors to gauge the difference between the issuer's estimated value of the note and the issuance price. The estimated value of the notes is likely lower than the issuance price of the note to investors because issuers include the costs for selling, structuring or hedging the exposure on the note in the initial price of their KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |38  notes. After issuance, structured notes may not be re-sold on a daily basis and thus may be difficult to value given their complexity. Liquidity: The ability to trade or sell structured notes in a secondary market is often very limited as structured notes (other than exchange-traded notes known as “ETNs”) are not listed for trading on security exchanges. As a result, the only potential buyer for a structured note may be the issuing financial institution's broker-dealer affiliate or the broker-dealer distributor of the structured note. In addition, issuers often specifically disclaim their intention to repurchase or make markets in the notes they issue. Clients should, therefore, be prepared to hold a structured note to its maturity date or risk selling the note at a discount to its value at the time of sale. Credit risk: Structured notes are unsecured debt obligations of the issuer, meaning that the issuer is obligated to make payments on the notes as promised. These promises, including any principal protection, are only as good as the financial health of the structured note issuer. If the structured note issuer defaults on these obligations, investors may lose some, or all, of the principal amount they invested in the structured notes as well as any other payments that may be due on the structured notes. Call risk: Some structured notes have "call provisions" that allow the issuer, at its sole discretion, to redeem the note before it matures at a price that may be above, below, or equal to the face value of the structured note. If the issuer "calls" the structured note, clients may not be able to reinvest their money at the same rate of return provided by the structured note that the issuer redeemed. Tax considerations: The tax treatment of structured notes is complicated and, in some cases, uncertain. Before purchasing any structured note, clients may wish to consult with a tax advisor. Clients also should read the applicable tax risk disclosures in the prospectuses and other offering documents of any structured note they are considering purchasing. RISKS – INTERVAL FUNDS Interval funds are closed-end funds that make periodic repurchase offers to its shareholders, generally every three, six, or twelve months, as disclosed in the fund's prospectus and annual report. Additionally, most interval funds have an illiquid nature. When Kovitz invests client funds into interval funds, Clients should know that there are limited redemption rights. In most cases, these funds will have quarterly redemption windows with limited liquidity during those periods. Additionally, some of these funds have a lockup period where no redemptions are allowed, for one year after purchase for example. Please review the fund’s prospectus for all the relevant details. Repurchase offers and the need to fund repurchase obligations may affect the ability of the funds to be fully invested or force the funds to maintain a higher percentage of its assets in liquid investments, which may harm the funds' investment performance. Moreover, diminution in the size of the funds through repurchases may result in untimely sales of portfolio securities (with associated imputed transaction costs, which may be significant) and may limit the ability of the funds to participate in new investment opportunities or to achieve its investment objective. If the funds employ investment leverage, repurchases of common shares would compound the adverse effects of leverage in a declining market. In addition, if the funds borrow to finance repurchases, interest on that borrowing will negatively affect shareholders who do not tender their shares by increasing the funds' expenses and reducing any net investment income. In the event that the funds' boards determine not to repurchase more than the repurchase offer amount, or if shareholders tender more than the amount available for repurchase, the funds will repurchase the shares tendered on a pro-rata basis, and shareholders will have to wait until the next repurchase offer to make another repurchase request. As a result, shareholders may be unable to liquidate all or a given percentage of their investment in the Fund during a particular repurchase offer. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |39  Some shareholders, in anticipation of proration, may tender more shares than they wish to have repurchased in a particular quarter, thereby increasing the likelihood that proration will occur. A shareholder may be subject to market and other risks, and the value of shares tendered in a repurchase offer may decline between the Repurchase Request Deadline and the date on which the NAV for tendered shares is determined. In addition, the repurchase of shares may be a taxable event to shareholders. RISKS – EXTERNAL MANAGERS The profitability of a portion of Kovitz's, or External Managers', recommendations may depend to a great extent upon correctly assessing the future course of price movements of stocks and bonds. There can be no assurance that Kovitz or External Managers will be able to predict those price movements accurately. As stated above, Kovitz recommends the use of External Managers for certain clients. The Firm will continue to do ongoing due diligence of such managers, but such recommendations rely, to a great extent, on the External Managers' ability to successfully implement their investment strategy. In addition, the Firm does not have the ability to supervise the External Managers on a day-to-day basis other than as previously described in response to Items 4 and 8 above. RISKS – PRIVATE COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT VEHICLES Kovitz recommends that certain clients invest in privately placed collective investment vehicles, which include, but are not limited to, Hedge Funds, Private Equity Funds, Private Credit Funds, Private Real Estate Funds, and other Limited Partnerships. The managers of these vehicles will have broad discretion in selecting the investments. There are few limitations on the types of securities or other financial instruments which may be traded and no requirement to diversify. The funds may trade on margin or otherwise leverage positions, thereby potentially increasing the risk to the vehicle. In addition, because the vehicles are not registered as investment companies, there may be an absence of regulation. There are numerous other risks in investing in these securities, including the risk of loss of principal, lack of transparency, high expenses and illiquidity. The client will receive a private placement memorandum and/or other documents explaining such risks. Real Estate Income Trust Risks Investments in non-listed or non-traded real estate investment trusts (REITs) are subject to additional risks including but not limited to: ♦ Liquidity risk, as non-traded REITs generally cannot be sold until listed on an exchange or the trust’s assets are liquidated. Early redemptions may be subject to limitations including notice requirements, termination of redemption provisions, and discounted redemption values. ♦ Non-traded REITs can include high upfront fees which are generally designed to cover offering and organizational costs. These early, high fees reduce the value of the principal invested and results in less return on investment. In addition, non-traded REITs can involve significant transaction costs including fees to acquire properties and asset management fees. ♦ Distributions from non-traded REITs, particularly initial distributions, may be derived from investment principal rather than operations. This practice reduces the value of the shares and reduces the cash available to the REIT to purchase real estate assets. ♦ Lack of available share price for non-traded REITs, which may limit or eliminate the ability to assess the value or performance of the investment for significant time periods. ♦ Conflicts of interest risks, including external managers that may receive significant transaction fees by the REIT for services that do not align with shareholder interests, such as fees based on the amount of property acquisitions and assets under management. RISKS – COLLECTIVE FUNDS Kovitz leverages the use The Collective Funds, which function similarly to mutual funds, but they are only available to certain types of retirement plans (i.e., 401(k) plans, cash balance plans, etc.). They are sponsored by a bank or trust company and regulated by the applicable authorities. Collective funds are exempt from registration under Section 3(c)(11) KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |40  of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and their governing documents, which include a declaration of trust and a disclosure memorandum, must be delivered privately. The Collective Funds are part of a collective investment trust sponsored by American Trust Company (“American Trust”). American Trust, as trustee, manages the Collective Funds and maintains ultimate discretionary authority, with Kovitz serving as sub-adviser to the trust. The Collective Funds are subject to risk, including but not limited to general market risk, currency fluctuations, and economic conditions. Market value may fluctuate up and down, and you may lose money, including part of your principal, when you buy or sell an investment. The underlying investments are neither FDIC insured nor guaranteed by the U.S. Government. There may be economic times where all investments are unfavorable and depreciate in value. Kovitz does not forecast future economic environments and cannot comment on how any model might do in any future economic scenario. Tax considerations are not taken into account. The Collective Funds all have the goal of meeting or exceeding the return of a specific benchmark with a level of risk similar to the risk associated with the benchmark. Kovitz uses investment benchmarks as a framework for constructing portfolios, managing portfolio risk, and monitoring portfolio performance by comparing rates of return over time. The strategy seeks to eliminate emotional decision making and manage market risks more effectively over full economic and market cycles. It can be proactively re-balanced and re-allocated based on the ever-changing market cycles—with diversification across multiple asset classes, including exposures to US Equities, International Equities, and Fixed Income. The core belief in this process is that managing to downside market risk in periods of extreme volatility and heightened economic uncertainty leads to better risk-adjusted outcomes for investors. More information is available in the Collective Funds’ Participation Agreements and Kovitz can provide information about particular investment benchmarks upon request. RISKS – OPTIONS TRADING Certain strategies where Kovitz serves as the Manager center on the trading of options. The purchaser of an option, who has the right to buy or sell a security or other instrument at the agreed-upon “strike” price, risks the loss of premium payments required to purchase the option. The seller of an option, who has the obligation to deliver to the purchaser a security or other instrument at the agreed-upon “strike” price, under certain circumstances risks incurring substantial and immediate losses. Specifically, if the sellers’ options are “uncovered” (meaning the seller does not own the underlying security), the seller could suffer huge losses by being required to acquire at market prices securities that are trading at prices vastly different than the agreed upon “strike” price, in order to deliver them to the purchaser. Moreover, sales of options are subject to the costs and risks of trading on margin. RISKS – INDEX OR INDEX OPTIONS The value of an index or index option fluctuates with changes in the market values of the assets included in the index. Because the value of an index or index option depends upon movements in the level of the index rather than the price of a particular asset, whether the position will realize appreciation or depreciation from the purchase or writing of options on indices depends upon movements in the level of instrument prices in the assets generally or, in the case of certain indices, in an industry or market segment, rather than movements in the price of particular assets. RISKS – CLOSED END FUNDS Closed-end funds carry the risk that the market price of the security deviates from the Net Asset Value of the security. Closed-end funds may use leverage which increases a fund’s risk or volatility. Also, closed-end funds may be less liquid than other exchange traded securities. RISKS – LEVERAGED AND INVERSE EXCHANGE TRADED PRODUCT Kovitz will use leveraged and inverse exchange-traded products (“ETP”) that seek to return a multiple of the inverse or opposite of the performance of an index on a daily basis. These products are subject to the risk of market volatility. The KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |41  use of leverage generally increases risk, as it magnifies potential losses. The product’s performance for periods greater than a single day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which is likely to be either better or worse than the index performance times the stated multiple in the product’s investment objective, before accounting for fees and expenses. Compounding affects all investments, but has a more significant impact on an inverse leveraged fund. Losses incurred will require even greater gains to get back to even. For leveraged fund investors, it is particularly important to understand that the effect of compounding on leveraged funds is significantly magnified and can cause gains and losses to occur much faster and to a greater degree. This effect becomes more pronounced as the volatility increases. Kovitz seeks to manage this risk by monitoring its holdings in these products on a daily basis. RISKS – HEDGING TRANSACTIONS Options may be used for risk management purposes. Kovitz will engage in hedging strategies in order to manage risk by investing in specialized ETFs and mutual funds which may use short sales, options, swaps, caps and floors, futures and forward contracts and other derivatives in an effort to protect assets from losses resulting from fluctuations in market prices. However, we may be unable to anticipate the occurrence of a particular risk and, therefore, may be unable to attempt to hedge against it. The use of hedging transactions may result in a poorer overall performance than if we had not engaged in any such transactions. Moreover, the portfolio will always be exposed to certain risks that cannot be hedged. RISKS – CURRENCY Currency risks arise from changes in the relative valuation of currencies, which can create unpredictable gains and losses when the profits or dividends from an investment are converted from a foreign currency into U.S. dollars. Clients can seek to reduce currency risk by using hedges and other techniques designed to offset any currency-related gains or losses. RISKS – DIGITAL ASSETS/CRYPTOCURRENCY Kovitz does not generally recommend digital assets/cryptocurrency securities (“crypto”) to clients. However, clients may request Kovitz to purchase and hold certain digital assets/cryptocurrency securities. Clients should be aware of the risks associated crypto. Investing in crypto is a newer market that has various business, liquidity, regulatory and technological risks associated with it. These risks can result in substantial loss for the client. Investing in crypto is highly speculative and involves a high degree of risk. Clients that invest in crypto should understand these risks, be sophisticated investors and bill willing to lose all of their investment. CYBERSECURITY RISK The computer systems, networks and devices used by Kovitz and service providers to us and our clients to carry out routine business operations employ a variety of protections designed to prevent damage or interruption from computer viruses, network failures, computer and telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons and security breaches. Despite the various protections utilized, systems, networks, or devices potentially can be breached. A client could be negatively impacted as a result of a cybersecurity breach. Cybersecurity breaches can include unauthorized access to systems, networks, or devices; infection from computer viruses or other malicious software code; and attacks that shut down, disable, slow, or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes, or website access or functionality. Cybersecurity breaches may cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses to a client; impediments to trading; the inability by us and other service providers to transact business; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs; as well as the inadvertent release of confidential information. Similar adverse consequences could result from cybersecurity breaches affecting issuers of securities in which a client invests; governmental and other regulatory authorities; exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |42  dealers, and other financial institutions; and other parties. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred by these entities in order to prevent any cybersecurity breaches in the future. RISKS – AVAILABILITY AND ACCURACY OF INFORMATION Kovitz will select investments on the basis of information and data derived from a number of sources, including due diligence materials and public regulatory filings. Although Kovitz intends to evaluate all such information and data and seek independent corroboration when Kovitz considers it appropriate and when it is reasonably available, Kovitz in many cases will not be in a position to confirm the completeness, genuineness or accuracy of such information and data. ITEM 9. DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION Not applicable. ITEM 10. OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS FOCUS FINANCIAL PARTNERS As noted above in response to Item 4, certain investment vehicles affiliated with CD&R collectively are indirect majority owners of Focus LLC, and certain investment vehicles affiliated with Stone Point are indirect owners of Focus LLC. Because Kovitz is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Focus LLC, CD&R and Stone Point investment vehicles are indirect owners of Kovitz. Kovitz is affiliated with Telemus Insurance Services, LLC, a Delaware LLC (“TIS”) and TMD Insurance Services, LLC (together “the Insurance Agencies”). TIS is licensed as an insurance agency in Michigan and TMD Insurance Services, LLC is licensed as an insurance agency in Arizona. The Firm and certain of its employees refer clients and prospective clients to the Insurance Agencies for various insurance products and services such as life, disability and long-term care policies and annuity contracts, and make referrals to third party providers for property and casualty and group health insurance, for which they could potentially be compensated. Ari Fischman, an officer of TIS and an employee of the Firm, is compensated for the sale of insurance products through his affiliation with TIS and as a Registered Representative of Lion Street Financial, LLC, an unaffiliated, registered broker-dealer. TMD Insurance Services, LLC also does business under the trade name, Scottsdale Financial Group, and with its principal founder, Robert J. Smith. The compensation creates an incentive to recommend insurance products for the compensation received, rather than to meet a client’s needs. We address this conflict of interest through this disclosure. Clients are free to accept our recommendation or seek insurance products through other brokers or agents, as they wish. Purchaser Representative Kovitz, or its advisors, act as a purchaser representative for clients investing in certain private placements. Neither Kovitz nor any of its advisors are compensated by the sponsor(s) of these private placements. Kovitz may be reimbursed by sponsor(s) for administrative expenses associated with its or its advisor’s role as purchaser representative. Kovitz is investment adviser to two mutual funds – the Al Frank Fund and FPCGX and an ETF, EQTY. Please refer to our discussion of EQTY, FPCGX and the Al Frank Fund in various places throughout this Brochure, including how we manage EQTY, FPCGX and the Al Frank Fund alongside our separate client accounts and affiliated hedge funds. Please also refer to the EQTY prospectus for more information at www.Kovitz.com/eqty, the FPCGX prospectus for more information at www.fortpittfunds.com and the Al Frank Fund prospectus for more information at www.alfrankfunds.com. In addition, Kovitz acts as sub-adviser to CAPOX, which it recommends for investment in client accounts. Please refer to our discussion of CAPOX in various places throughout this Brochure, and refer to the CAPOX prospectus for more information at www.absoluteadvisers.com/absolute-capital-opportunities-fund/fund-overview. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |43  Kovitz is the general partner of affiliated private placements, which are open to new investors. This is a conflict of interest. The affiliated private placements do not have the same investment objectives as Kovitz’s separate client accounts. Please see the disclosure above in the section entitled “Item 6. Performance-Based Fees/Side-by-Side Management” for a description of this conflict of interest, and additional information with respect to these relationships. Kovitz also provides services to, or certain of its employees are otherwise involved in several private real estate funds in which clients and others have been solicited to invest. These funds are limited to accredited investors, and their objectives are to invest in properties across the real estate sector, including industrial, commercial, and residential. Although these funds are not investment advisory clients of Kovitz, this is a conflict of interest in that Kovitz’s employees are compensated based on referrals of Kovitz clients to such funds. Additionally, the fees associated with the private placement are higher than those of a separate managed account. This is a conflict of interest as it could incentive Kovitz to move assets into the private placements. This risk is mitigated through the disclosure in Item 6. Performance-Based Fees/Side-by-Side Management and that our advisors introducing the private placements are compensated equally across all investment types. Therefore, there is no benefit to advisor for an investor to be in a private placement over a separately managed account. For its U.S. domiciled TDOF Fund and TLSRE Fund, affiliates of Kovitz serve as the general partner/manager of the Funds. The affiliates are wholly owned by Kovitz’s parent company. Certain of Kovitz’s executive officers own a separate company that sponsors and manages private equity funds. All such funds are limited to accredited investors. The private equity funds’ primary investment objectives are to acquire controlling interests in existing companies and to make other investments. Although these funds are not clients of Kovitz, this is a conflict of interest in that these Kovitz officers are compensated based on their respective ownership of the private equity manager, and based on the ongoing management and incentive fees that the funds pay to the manager. In addition, the more assets that are referred and invested with the private equity funds, the larger the administrative fee payable to Kovitz under our administrative services agreement described in Item 14. This is also a conflict of interest in that certain Kovitz employees are compensated based on referrals of clients to such private equity funds which we believe is limited due to the compensation structure of employees noted Item 5. Please refer to the section above entitled “Item 6. Performance-Based Fees/Side-By-Side Management” for additional information about these relationships, a discussion of the conflicts of interest in recommending these investments, and how we believe we have addressed these conflicts. In addition, several of Kovitz’s employees are involved in a charitable organization called Kovitz Cares. Kovitz Cares primarily focuses on organizing volunteer projects for Kovitz employees, and raising funds to donate to charities. Please refer to the section above entitled “Item 5. Fees and Compensation” for a discussion about the organization, along with relevant conflicts of interest. Kovitz, its owner, executive officers, and employees spend as much of their time on the activities of a particular client as they deem necessary and appropriate. Kovitz and its affiliates are not restricted from investing in, forming or being involved with additional private funds, from entering other investment advisory relationships, or from engaging in other business activities. Kovitz’s involvement in these other activities, such as the real estate and private equity funds referenced above, is a conflict of interest. The time and efforts of Kovitz’s officers and employees are allocated among the firm’s individual client accounts and hedge funds, and to separate ventures such as the real estate funds and private equity funds. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS Kovitz maintains a business relationship with other Focus firms that is material to our advisory business or to our clients. ORIGIN KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |44  Under certain circumstances we offer our clients the opportunity to invest in pooled investment vehicles managed by Origin. Origin provides these services to such clients pursuant to limited liability company agreement or limited partnership agreement documents and in exchange for a fund-level management fee and performance fee paid by our clients and not by us. Origin, like Kovitz, is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Focus LLC and is therefore under common control with Kovitz. The allocation of our clients’ assets to Origin’s pooled investment vehicles, rather than to an unaffiliated investment manager, increases Origin’s, and indirectly, Focus LLC’s and Kovitz’s, compensation and revenue. As a consequence, Focus LLC and Kovitz have a financial incentive to cause Kovitz to recommend that our clients invest in Origin’s pooled investment vehicles, which creates a conflict of interest with Kovitz clients who invest, or are eligible to invest, in Origin’s pooled investment vehicles. OCA Under certain circumstances we offer our clients the opportunity to invest in pooled investment vehicles managed by OCA. OCA provides these services to such clients pursuant to limited liability company agreement or limited partnership agreement documents and in exchange for a fund-level management fee and performance fee paid by our clients and not by us. OCA, like Kovitz, is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Focus LLC and is therefore under common control with Kovitz. The allocation of our clients’ assets to OCA’s pooled investment vehicles, rather than to an unaffiliated investment manager, increases OCA’s, and indirectly, Focus LLC’s and Kovitz’s, compensation and revenue. As a consequence, Focus LLC and Kovitz have a financial incentive to cause Kovitz to recommend that our clients invest in OCA’s pooled investment vehicles, which creates a conflict of interest with Kovitz clients who invest, or are eligible to invest, in OCA’s pooled investment vehicles. SCS Under certain circumstances we offer our clients the opportunity to invest in pooled investment vehicles managed by SCS. SCS provides these services to such clients pursuant to limited liability company agreement or limited partnership agreement documents and in exchange for a fund-level management fee and performance fee paid by our clients and not by us. SCS, like Kovitz, is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Focus LLC and is therefore under common control with Kovitz. The allocation of our clients’ assets to SCS’ pooled investment vehicles, rather than to an unaffiliated investment manager, increases SCS’, and indirectly, Focus LLC’s and Kovitz’s, compensation and revenue. As a consequence, Focus LLC and Kovitz have a financial incentive to cause Kovitz to recommend that our clients invest in SCS’ pooled investment vehicles, which creates a conflict of interest with Kovitz clients who invest, or are eligible to invest, in SCS’ pooled investment vehicles. FOCUS PARTNERS WEALTH Under certain circumstances we refer clients to FPW. Kovitz refers certain clients to FPW for FPW to manage an account moving forward. Kovitz receives a portion of the advisory fee paid to FPW for managing the account, upon engagement. FPW, like Kovitz, is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Focus LLC and is therefore under common control with Kovitz. The referral of clients to FPW, rather than to an unaffiliated investment adviser, increases Kovitz's compensation and the revenue to Focus LLC relative to a situation in which Kovitz referred these clients to an unaffiliated investment adviser. As a consequence, Focus LLC has a financial incentive to cause Kovitz to refer certain clients to FPW, which creates a conflict of interest with those Kovitz clients who agree to transfer to FPW’s investment management. CARDINAL POINT Under certain circumstances we refer certain clients to Cardinal Point. Kovitz refers certain clients to Cardinal Point for Cardinal Point to manage an account moving forward. Kovitz receives a portion of the advisory fee paid to Cardinal Point for managing the account, upon engagement. Cardinal Point, like Kovitz, is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Focus LLC and is therefore under common control with Kovitz. The referral of clients to Cardinal Point, rather than to an unaffiliated investment adviser, increases the Kovitz's compensation and the revenue to Focus LLC relative to a situation in which Kovitz referred these clients to an unaffiliated investment adviser. As a consequence, Focus LLC has a financial incentive to cause Kovitz to refer certain clients to Cardinal Point, which creates a conflict of interest with those Kovitz clients who agree to transfer to Cardinal Point’s investment management. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |45  SENTINEL PENSION ADVISORS Kovitz and Sentinel Pension Advisors, Inc. (“SPA”) are both advisory firms owned by Focus LLC. Kovitz and SPA have an agreement in place whereby Kovitz serves as a subadvisor to SPA for certain client retirement plans. SPA and the client enter an advisory agreement that specifies the discretionary and/or non-discretionary advisory services and duties to be delegated to Kovitz. Generally, Kovitz is responsible for investment recommendations and creating and maintaining model portfolios, individual fund choices, and asset allocation targets. SPA is generally responsible for fiduciary governance, participant services, and portfolio administration, including trading, rebalancing, and fiduciary and performance reporting. Kovitz, at its discretion, may participate in SPA’s investment meetings with clients. As the advisor to the client, SPA collects its quarterly advisory fee and remits 50% of such fee to Kovitz for its services. More information about Focus LLC can be found at www.focusfinancialpartners.com. We believe these conflicts are mitigated because of the following factors: (1) this arrangement is based on our reasonable belief that investing a portion of Kovitz’s clients’ assets in SCS, Origin or OCA’s investment vehicles or with Cardinal Point, or Sentinel, , is in the best interests of the clients; (2) SCS, Origin, OCA and Kovitz’s investment vehicles have met the due diligence and performance standards that Kovitz applies to outside, unaffiliated investment managers; (3) clients will invest in the pooled investment vehicles on a nondiscretionary basis through the completion of subscription documentation; (4) subject to redemption restrictions, we are willing and able to reallocate Kovitz client assets to other unaffiliated or affiliated investment vehicles, in part or in whole, if SCS, Origin or OCA’s services become unsatisfactory in our judgment and at our sole discretion; and (5) we have fully and fairly disclosed the material facts regarding this relationship to you, including in this Brochure, and Kovitz clients who invest in SCS, Origin or OCA’s pooled investment vehicles have given their informed consent to those investments; (6) clients are not required to invest or allocate assets with our business partners, they ultimately decide if they want to proceed or not. UPTIQ Credit and Cash Management Solutions Kovitz offers clients the option of obtaining certain financial solutions from unaffiliated third-party financial institutions through UPTIQ Treasury & Credit Solutions, LLC (together with UPTIQ, Inc. and its affiliates, “UPTIQ”) and Flourish Financial LLC. These third-party financial institutions are banks and non-banks that offer credit and cash management solutions to our clients, as well as certain other unaffiliated third parties that provide administrative and settlement services to facilitate UPTIQ’s cash management solutions. UPTIQ acts as an intermediary to facilitate our clients’ access to these credit and cash management solutions. Flourish acts as an intermediary to facilitate our clients’ access to cash management solutions. We are a wholly owned subsidiary of Focus Financial Partners, LLC (“Focus”). Focus is a minority investor in UPTIQ, Inc. UPTIQ is compensated by sharing in the revenue earned by such third-party financial institutions for serving our clients. The revenue paid to UPTIQ also benefits UPTIQ, Inc.’s investors, including Focus. When legally permissible, UPTIQ also shares a portion of this earned revenue with our affiliate, Focus Solutions Holdings, LLC (“FSH”). For securities-backed lines of credit (“SBLOCs”) made to our clients, UPTIQ will share with FSH up to 75% of all revenue it receives from such third-party financial institutions. For other loans (except residential mortgage loans) made to our clients, UPTIQ will share with FSH up to 25% of all revenue it receives from such third-party financial institutions. For cash management products and services provided to our clients, UPTIQ will share with FSH up to 33% of all revenue it receives from the third-party financial institutions and other intermediaries that provide administrative and settlement services in connection with this program. As noted above, Flourish facilitates cash management solutions for our clients. When legally permissible, Flourish pays FSH a revenue share of up to 0.10% of the total amount of cash held in Flourish cash accounts by our clients. Although the amount of these revenue-sharing payments to FSH is not charged directly in the calculation of the interest rate paid by clients on credit solutions facilitated by UPTIQ or the yield earned by clients on cash management solutions facilitated by UPTIQ of Flourish, the compensation earned by UPTIQ and Flourish is an expense of the third-party financial KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |46  institutions that informs the interest rate paid by clients on credit solutions and the yield earned by clients on cash management solutions. FSH distributes this revenue to us when we are licensed to receive such revenue (or when no such license is required) and the distribution is not otherwise legally prohibited. This revenue is also revenue for FSH’s and our common parent company, Focus. Additionally, the volume generated by our clients’ transactions allows Focus to negotiate better terms with UPTIQ and Flourish, which benefits Focus and us. Accordingly, we have a conflict of interest when recommending UPTIQ’s and Flourish’s services to clients because of the compensation to us and to our affiliates, FSH and Focus, and the transaction volume to UPTIQ and Flourish. We mitigate this conflict by: (1) fully and fairly disclosing the material facts concerning the above arrangements to our clients, including in this Brochure; and (2) offering UPTIQ’s and Flourish’s solutions to clients on a strictly nondiscretionary and fully disclosed basis, and not as part of any discretionary investment services. Additionally, we note that clients who use UPTIQ’s and Flourish’s services will receive product-specific disclosures from the third-party financial institutions and other unaffiliated third-party intermediaries that provide services to our clients. We have an additional conflict of interest when we recommend credit solutions to our clients because our interest in continuing to receive investment advisory fees from client accounts gives us a financial incentive to recommend that clients borrow money rather than liquidate some or all of the assets we manage. Credit Solutions Clients retain the right to pledge assets in accounts generally, subject to any restrictions imposed by clients’ custodians. While credit solution programs that we offer facilitate secured loans through third-party financial institutions, clients are free instead to work directly with institutions outside such programs. Because of the limited number of participating third-party financial institutions, clients may be limited in their ability to obtain as favorable loan terms as if the client were to work directly with other banks to negotiate loan terms or obtain other financial arrangements. Clients should also understand that pledging assets in an account to secure a loan involves additional risk and restrictions. A third-party financial institution has the authority to liquidate all or part of the pledged securities at any time, without prior notice to clients and without their consent, to maintain required collateral levels. The third-party financial institution also has the right to call client loans and require repayment within a short period of time; if the client cannot repay the loan within the specified time period, the third-party financial institution will have the right to force the sale of pledged assets to repay those loans. Selling assets to maintain collateral levels or calling loans may result in asset sales and realized losses in a declining market, leading to the permanent loss of capital. These sales also may have adverse tax consequences. Interest payments and any other loan-related fees are borne by clients and are in addition to the advisory fees that clients pay us for managing assets, including assets that are pledged as collateral. The returns on pledged assets may be less than the account fees and interest paid by the account. Clients should consider carefully and skeptically any recommendation to pursue a more aggressive investment strategy in order to support the cost of borrowing, particularly the risks and costs of any such strategy. More generally, before borrowing funds, a client should carefully review the loan agreement, loan application, and other forms and determine that the loan is consistent with the client’s long-term financial goals and presents risks consistent with the client’s financial circumstances and risk tolerance. We use UPTIQ to facilitate credit solutions for our clients. Cash Management Solutions For cash management programs, certain third-party intermediaries provide administrative and settlement services to our clients. Engaging the third-party financial institutions and other intermediaries to provide cash management solutions does not alter the manner in which we treat cash for billing purposes. Clients should understand that in rare circumstances, depending on interest rates and other economic and market factors, the yields on cash management solutions could be lower than the aggregate fees and expenses charged by the third-party financial institutions, the intermediaries referenced above, and us. Consequently, in these rare circumstances, a client could experience a negative KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |47  overall investment return with respect to those cash investments. Nonetheless, it might still be reasonable for a client to participate in a cash management program if the client prefers to hold cash at the third-party financial institutions rather than at other financial institutions (e.g., to take advantage of FDIC insurance). We use UPTIQ and Flourish to facilitate cash management solutions for our clients. Kovitz, primarily Telemus Capital, provides certain categories of its clients with identity theft restoration services through Liberty ID. These services are provided to clients at no-charge. Liberty ID is an unrelated third-party service provider. If a covered client or extended family member experiences identify theft, they are directed to contact Liberty ID and provide certain information in order to be eligible for the restoration services. We have been retained by other Focus partner firms through a subadvisory agreement in order to provide investment subadvisory services to certain clients of these Focus partner firms. We provide these services to such clients pursuant to a subadvisory agreement and in exchange for a fee paid by Focus partner firms’ clients. Focus partner firms, like us, are indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of Focus LLC and are therefore under common control with us. The allocation of Focus partner firms’ clients’ assets to us pursuant to a subadvisory arrangement, rather than to an unaffiliated investment manager, increases our compensation and the revenue to Focus LLC, relative to a situation in which Focus partner firms’ clients’ assets are managed by an unaffiliated manager. As a consequence, Focus LLC has a financial incentive to encourage Focus partner firms to recommend that a portion of their clients’ assets be subadvised by us, which creates a conflict of interest with those Focus partner firm clients who are subadvised by us. More information about Focus LLC can be found at www.focusfinancialpartners.com. We believe this conflict is mitigated because of the following factors: (1) our retention as a subadviser is based on Focus partner firms’ judgment that such retention is in the best interest of their affected clients; (2) we have met the due diligence standards that these Focus partner firms apply to outside investment managers; (3) these Focus partner firms are willing and able to terminate our services, in part or in whole, if our services become unsatisfactory in the judgment of, and at the sole discretion of, each of the Focus partner firms; and (4) we have fully and fairly disclosed the material facts regarding this relationship, including in this Brochure, to the Focus partner firm clients for whom we act as subadviser, and such clients have therefore given their informed consent to this conflict. Focus Risk Solutions Kovitz helps our clients obtain certain insurance solutions by introducing clients to our affiliate, Focus Risk Solutions, LLC (“FRS”), a wholly owned subsidiary of our parent company, Focus Financial Partners, LLC (“Focus”). FRS assists our clients with regulated insurance sales activity by advising our clients on insurance matters and placing insurance products for them and/or referring our clients to certain third-party insurance brokers (the “Brokers”), with whom FRS has agreements, which either separately or together with FRS place insurance products for them. If FRS places an insurance product or refers one of our clients to a Broker and there is a subsequent purchase of insurance through the Broker, then FRS will receive a portion of the upfront and/or ongoing commissions associated with the sale by the insurance carrier with which the policy was placed. The amount of revenue earned by FRS for the sale of these insurance products will vary over time in response to market conditions and will also differ based on the type of insurance product sold and which Broker placed the policy. The amount of insurance commission revenue earned by FRS is considered for purposes of determining the amount of additional compensation that certain of our financial professionals are entitled to receive. This revenue is also revenue for our and FRS’s common parent company, Focus. Additionally, in exchange for allowing certain of the Brokers to participate in the FRS platform and, thereby, to offer their services to our clients and certain of our affiliates’ clients, FRS receives periodic fees (the “Platform Fees”) from such Brokers. The Platform Fees are expected to change over time. Such Platform Fees are revenue for FRS and, ultimately, for our common parent company, Focus, but we do not share in such revenue. FRS also indirectly benefits from our clients’ use of the services insofar as such use incentivizes the Brokers to maintain their relationship with FRS and to KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |48  continue paying Platform Fees to FRS, which could also support increases in the overall amount of the Platform Fee rates in the future. Accordingly, we have a conflict of interest when recommending FRS’s services to clients because of the compensation to certain of our financial professionals and to our affiliates, FRS and Focus. We address this conflict by: (1) fully and fairly disclosing the material facts concerning the above arrangements to our clients, including in this Brochure; (2) offering FRS solutions to clients on a strictly nondiscretionary and fully disclosed basis, and not as part of any discretionary investment services; and (3) not sharing in any portion of the Platform Fees. Additionally, we note that clients who use FRS’s services will receive product-specific disclosure from the Brokers and insurance carriers and other unaffiliated third-party intermediaries that provide services to our clients. The insurance premium is ultimately dictated by the insurance carrier, although in some circumstances the Brokers or FRS may have the ability to influence an insurance carrier to lower the premium of the policy. The final rate may be higher or lower than the prevailing market rate, and may be higher than if the policy was purchased directly through the Broker without the assistance of FRS. We can offer no assurances that the rates offered to you by the insurance carrier are the lowest possible rates available in the marketplace. Related Member of CAIS Advisory Board: David J. Copeland, an executive officer of the Firm, sits on the CAIS Advisory Board. Mr. Copeland does not receive any compensation for his participation on this committee but may be reimbursed for the cost of travel to attend meetings. Kovitz does not believe that Mr. Copeland’s service on the CAIS Advisory Board poses a material conflict of interest with SWP’s clients. Use of My Personal Bookkeeper: MPB is a line of business in which SWP provides bill payment, tax organization, insurance claim management and household budgeting. Although MPB is not part of Kovitz’s investment advisory business, Kovitz may recommend use of MPB for its clients when deemed appropriate. Clients are advised that a conflict of interest exists when they pay Kovitz on a standalone basis for MPB services. The client is under no obligation to act upon the recommendation to use MPB. The IARs of Kovitz do not receive compensation for these recommendations. Use of External Managers: As stated previously, the Firm recommends that clients authorize the active discretionary management of a portion of their assets by and/or among certain External Managers, based upon the client's stated investment objectives. In a few instances, personnel of the External Manager is a client of Kovitz. The Firm mitigates this conflict through its investment management process. All External Managers are reviewed in a consistent manner and must meet Kovitz's due diligence and performance standards. Kovitz also monitors and reviews the account performance and the client's investment objectives when an External Manager is utilized. SMART ASSET As stated earlier in this Brochure, Kovitz is a wholly owned subsidiary of Focus. Focus is also one of several minority investors in SmartAsset which, as explained in more detail in Item 14, seeks to match prospective advisory clients with registered investment advisers. Focus has one director on SmartAsset’s board. Kovitz’s payment of a fee to SmartAsset benefits SmartAsset’s investors, including Focus, our parent company. REGISTERED REPRESENTATIVES OF A BROKER/DEALER Certain of the Firm’s Supervised Persons are registered representatives of unaffiliated broker-dealers and will provide clients with securities brokerage services under a separate commission-based arrangement. LICENSED INSURANCE AGENTS KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |49  Certain of the Firm’s Supervised Persons are licensed insurance agents and may offer certain insurance products on a fully-disclosed commissionable basis through our affiliated insurance agencies, Telemus Insurance Services, LLC and TMD Insurance Services, LLC. A conflict of interest exists to the extent that Kovitz recommends the purchase of insurance products where its Supervised Persons may be entitled to insurance commissions or other additional compensation. We seek to recommend only insurance transactions which are in our clients’ best interest regardless of an such affiliations. Schwab Advisor Services Client Experience Panel Membership An employee of Kovitz serves on the Schwab Advisor Services Client Experience Panel (the “CX Panel”). The CX Panel consists of representatives of independent investment advisory firms who have been invited by Schwab to participate in meetings and discussions of Schwab Advisor Services’ services for independent investment advisory firms and their clients. CX Panel members sign nondisclosure agreements with Schwab under which they agree not to disclose confidential information shared with them. This information generally does not include material nonpublic information about the Charles Schwab Corporation, whose common stock is listed for public trading on the New York Stock Exchange (symbol SCHW). The CX Panel meets in person or virtually approximately twice per year and has periodic conference calls scheduled as needed. CX Panel members are not compensated by Schwab for their participation, but Schwab does pay for or reimburse CX Panel members’ travel, lodging, meals and other incidental expenses incurred in attending meetings. Schwab may also provide members of the CX Panel a fee waiver for attendance at Schwab conferences such as IMPACT. ITEM 11. CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS, AND PERSONAL TRADING We have adopted a Code of Ethics (Code). We recognize that we have a fiduciary duty to our clients in providing investment management services and we will act in our clients’ best interests. Our Code and/or compliance policies and procedures include: ♦ A requirement that our employees read the Code upon the start of their Kovitz employment, and annually thereafter, and that they certify they have read it; ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Rules regarding the giving and receiving of gifts and business entertainment; Rules for review and approval by us if our employees wish to engage in outside business activities; Rules regarding Kovitz or its employees making political contributions; Requirements that we review the Code on a periodic basis, and annually assess the risks that exist in our business; ♦ ♦ Rules for enforcing our Code and for reporting violations of our Code to our compliance staff; and Rules for reviewing and approving our employees’ securities accounts and transactions. We will provide a copy of our Code to our clients or prospective clients upon their request. PERSONAL TRADING; INVESTING ALONGSIDE CLIENTS Our employees that have accounts managed by Kovitz invest in the same securities in which our advisory clients invest (our discussion of advisory clients in this context includes EQTY, the Al Frank Fund, FPCGX and CAPOX). Also, we recommend stocks in TPS in which employees and the Al Frank Fund invest. In addition, our affiliated hedge funds and related accounts, though managed according to a different strategy than that of Kovitz’s separate accounts, usually invest in these securities at the same time that we recommend these securities for our advisory clients. We are committed to our investment approach and security selection and therefore want to be invested in the same securities we recommend for advisory clients. This is a conflict of interest. There is a risk that we will favor our own accounts or accounts of our performance-based fee earning affiliated hedge funds over accounts of our clients in the timing or allocation of security transactions. There is a risk that we may choose to buy a security in our personal accounts, or accounts that pay us performance-based fees, before we buy it in our advisory clients’ accounts, or recommend it in TPS. There is also a risk that we may allocate a KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |50  security in limited supply to our accounts or our affiliated hedge funds’ accounts instead of accounts of our advisory clients. Our Code is designed to help mitigate these risks: ♦ Employees must report all of their personal securities holdings, and those of members of their household (“under the same roof”). They are required to do so shortly after they start working at Kovitz, and annually thereafter; ♦ All employees are required to report securities transactions in their accounts, and accounts of those in their household. This includes transactions executed “away” from Kovitz. We review these transactions on a periodic basis; ♦ We conduct periodic reviews of the performance of employee accounts, and we review the transactions in employee and employee-related accounts as they relate to transactions in client accounts; ♦ When our employees or our affiliated hedge funds invest in the same securities as our advisory clients, we generally execute those transactions at the same time and use an average price to complete the transaction. However, as discussed above in the section entitled “Kovitz’s Affiliated Hedge Funds and Other Private Placements,” because the hedge funds generally use different brokers (where applicable) than our separate account clients, we do not necessarily apply the same average price across all participating client accounts and hedge funds. In addition, client accounts managed by the California Office and Madison Office are spread across multiple custodians. To address this, we have implemented trade rotation policies and procedures. In connection with “firm-wide” trades, we rotate executions across several client account “groups.” We have implemented trade rotation policies and procedures with the goal of providing equitable treatment to all of our client account groups, over time; ♦ Where we can and when Kovitz is managing the employee account, when our employees invest in the same securities as our advisory clients, and if we cannot complete the entire desired transaction for all clients, we use a “lottery” system or a randomizer to determine on a random basis for which accounts the transaction will be completed. In lottery situations, employee and employee-related accounts are allocated after eligible client accounts are filled. Certain employee and employee-related accounts are held at other custodians as well. Therefore, in trade rotation situations, employee and employee-related accounts held at each of the custodians, are filled before we move to the next client account group in the trade rotation. With respect to the California Office and Fort Pitt, employee-related accounts that are managed according to a strategy are generally grouped with client transactions. ♦ Please see the disclosure above in the section entitled “Item 6. Performance-Based Fees/Side-by-Side Management” for additional discussion of how we address these conflicts. PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS As we noted above, we recommend investments in which we or an affiliate has a financial interest. We will only make this recommendation if the investment is suitable for the client. We will consider the clients’ net worth, risk tolerance, and sophistication in this regard. We have described these investments in the section above entitled “Item 4. Kovitz’s Investment Advisory Business – Investment Management – Other Types of Securities – Hedge Funds.” This is a conflict of interest. Please see the discussion in the section entitled “Item 6. Performance-Based Fees/Side-by- Side Management.” Kovitz recommends that certain of our clients invest in private investment funds managed by an affiliated Focus partner firm. Please refer to Items 4, 5 and 10 for additional information. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |51  ITEM 12. BROKERAGE PRACTICES GENERAL Our advisory clients pay brokerage commissions for execution of securities transactions in their accounts directly to the custodian where assets are held. The broker selected may assess these commissions, in part, as a minimum charge per trade. If the number of shares involved in the transaction is large, the broker’s commission may be assessed as an amount per share. These commissions are in addition to the investment management fees clients pay to Kovitz. Kovitz does not maintain custody of your assets that we manage, although we may be deemed to have custody of your assets if you give us authority to withdraw assets form your account (see Item 15. Custody). Your assets will be maintained in an account at a “qualified custodian” generally a broker-dealer or bank. Kovitz leverages Pershing Advisor Solutions, LLC (“PAS”), Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) and Fidelity Brokerage Services, LLC (“Fidelity) as our primary custodians. Kovitz is independently owned and operated and not affiliated with these qualified custodians. These qualified custodians will hold your assets in a brokerage account and buy and sell securities when we instruct them to. Conflicts of interest associated with these qualified custodians are described below and in Item 14. (Client referrals and other compensation). You should consider these conflicts of interest when selecting your custodian. Kovitz considers the following when selecting brokers for client trades and determining the reasonableness of their compensation in cases where the client does not select the brokers for its trades (see the section below entitled “Directed Brokerage”): ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Cost of execution (the commission); Execution price and timing; Accessibility and responsiveness of broker staff; Quality, depth, and breadth of services the broker offers; Tools and applications the broker provides to benefit our clients; The broker’s willingness to accommodate clients’ special needs; Access to liquidity (to facilitate our sales and minimize market price impact); Protection of confidential information; Trade allocation policies; Trade error correction policies; and The broker’s integrity, reputation, and financial condition. Kovitz has retained Global Trading Analytics, LLC/GTA Babelfish, LLC to assist it in conducting quarterly trading analyses to help ensure Telemus Capital is meeting its fiduciary obligation with respect to its advisory clients’ equity securities transactions (i.e., best-execution obligations). Because Kovitz believes that the brokerage services offered by PAS/Pershing, Charles Schwab and Fidelity (including such factors as custodial services, execution capability, financial stability and clearance and settlement capability offered through and provided by Pershing as clearing broker) are of high quality, Kovitz will not solicit competitive execution fees or commission rates from other brokers on equity trades. For fixed income trades, Kovitz will solicit competitive bids. PAS, Charles Schwab and Fidelity may not necessarily (i) deal directly with market makers in over the counter or fixed income securities transactions, (ii) always bundle the transactions of an account with transactions of other accounts in order to receive volume discounts, or (iii) execute transactions at the lowest fees or commission rates available. Accordingly, transactions will not always be executed by PAS, Charles Schwab and Fidelity at the best price or lowest available execution fee or commission rates and in some instances the charges may be higher. Kovitz and External Managers, when appropriate, will purchase or sell securities through a broker/dealer other than through your Custodian(s) (trade away). Trading away can take place for primarily fixed income securities, but can be used for equity or other security types. Managers of Fixed Income Securities may trade away on a frequent basis. Such accounts may incur higher transaction costs than you would be charged through your Custodian. It is important to read KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |52  the Disclosure Brochure of External Managers. Such charges, fees, and commissions are exclusive of and in addition to Kovitz's fee. RECEIPT OF CUSTODIAN BENEFITS We receive hardware and software tools, administrative and reporting tools, access to webinars and conferences, and research and other items as a result of the relationship between Kovitz and our primary custodians, PAS, Fidelity and Charles Schwab, and through our prime brokerage relationship with our affiliated hedge funds. Certain tools and research products benefit all Kovitz clients, while the tools available through our prime brokerage relationship benefit only the accounts held at the prime broker. We do not have to pay separately for these tools and research products, and we benefit from that. We may have an incentive to enter these relationships based on our receipt of these tools and research products rather than on our clients’ interest in receiving best execution. However, we believe that the receipt of these tools and products is customary and is not a material element of the relationships. In addition, the receipt of these tools is not dependent on the amount of commissions or frequency of trades in client accounts. The availability of these services benefits us because we do not have to produce or purchase them. We don’t have to pay for these services. These custodians have also agreed to pay for certain technology, research, marketing, and compliance consulting products and services on our behalf. These services are not contingent upon us committing any specific amount of business to a specific custodian in trading commissions or assets in custody. The fact that we receive these benefits from these custodians is an incentive for us to recommend the use of a specific custodian rather than making such a decision based exclusively on your interest in receiving the best value in custody services and the most favorable execution of your transactions. This is a conflict of interest. We believe, however, that taken in the aggregate our recommendation of one of these custodians is in the best interests of our clients. Our selection is primarily supported by the scope, quality, and price of these custodian’s services and not the custodial services that benefit only us. TRADE ERRORS If trade errors occur, we intend to make our clients whole whether the error is caused by Kovitz, our, the clearing firm, or an unaffiliated broker (such as Pershing Advisor Solutions, LLC (“PAS”), Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”), , or Fidelity Brokerage Services, LLC (“Fidelity”)). If errors occur when Kovitz uses unaffiliated brokers, Kovitz has limited ability to control their resolution. These brokers typically have their own policies and procedures for corrections, administering gains and losses, and charitable donations, for example. In some instances, gains from errors can be maintained for Kovitz to be used against future trade losses. This is a conflict for Kovitz, as there is an economic benefit to Kovitz if the gains are maintained to offset losses as Kovitz would not have to cover the trade losses themselves. In some instances, with these unaffiliated brokers, gains from the errors will go to a charitable organization of our choosing. Kovitz Cares is an organization that we have selected in some instances to receive the gains. As noted in “Item 5. Fees and Expenses, we receive an economic benefit if we are allowed a tax deduction for charitable donations. In addition, we may, in our sole discretion, decide to credit investment management fees as a way of correcting trade errors in client accounts. AGGREGATION AND ROTATION Where possible, we typically aggregate or group advisory client transactions in the same securities when executed on the same day to ensure efficient trade execution. This also allows us to provide an average price for each client trade, minimizes the risk of preferential treatment for certain clients over others, and is consistent with our obligations to obtain the best execution for client trades. While this practice also applies to client accounts managed by the firm’s California and Madison offices, the firm does not aggregate client transactions in the same security across the firm’s divisions. Kovitz recognizes that it has multiple “investment teams” and multiple investment strategies, and will consider aggregating trades across its divisions if it believes it is beneficial to clients to do so. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |53  There are certain custodians where some, but not all, firm trading departments do not currently have the functionality to aggregate and average price our orders, for example Schwab and Fidelity. This is due to system limitations on our end and restrictions within the order management system we leverage. Kovitz will periodically reassess the functionality and make a change to address this in the future, if possible. Kovitz understands the conflicts related to this setup and we believe we have reduced the conflict by rotating the order of client trades as to not give preferential treatment to any certain client(s). When trade orders are generated, they are not ranked by any account characteristics and are just listed in a random order. Additionally, when we place trades for a wide swath of accounts, we upload the orders to be executed all at once. Therefore, we are providing all the accounts that needed to be traded at the same time to limit the disparity in execution. We acknowledge that our clients’ assets are held across multiple custodians and various broker platforms and includes the firm’s affiliated hedge funds, our control over the execution of client trades varies across these custodians and platforms. In addition, while we are able to aggregate trades for clients that are held at the same broker, custodian, or platform, in certain cases we are not able to aggregate trades across them. Therefore, in order to minimize the risk of preferential treatment to certain clients over others, we have implemented a trade rotation policy. We have organized our clients’ accounts into broad account groups. When we execute client trades across multiple custodians and platforms, we will rotate through these client account groups, with the goal of achieving fairness of execution and equitable client treatment over time. Kovitz uses pro-rata as its default method for partial fill allocations. Although rare, there are instances when pro-rata is not a suitable method of allocating block purchases or sales due to the volume executed. This can occur when Kovitz is trying to buy or sell a security at a particular price-point which has been chosen as the best entry or exit price in that security or when volume or float dictates. When the pro-rata method is deemed unsuitable, based on the trader’s discretion, Kovitz will allocate a partial fill using a random generator or another method based on account limitations, to help facilitate the allocation. In select instances, Kovitz may be a larger shareholder in a given company, including being among its top ten shareholders. In these instances, when aggregating orders, Kovitz may represent a reasonable amount of average daily trading volume. Kovitz will seek to minimize their market impact when trading these securities, however, depending on market conditions, we may not always be able to limit our market impact. Order of Trading Because Kovitz provides investment advice to both discretionary and non-discretionary clients, there exists a potential conflict of interest between the timing of trades for discretionary clients and the seeking of approval for such trades from non-discretionary clients. DIRECTED BROKERAGE Advisory clients are free to direct Kovitz to use brokers to execute securities transactions. In deciding whether or not to accept an advisory client, however, Kovitz will take into consideration the client’s selection of broker-dealers or custodians in connection with the advisory relationship. In this regard, the firm has established relationships with and generally requires the client to open (or already have) an account with either PAS, Schwab, TD Ameritrade, or Fidelity. Kovitz (including its California Office and Madison Office) will accept clients who use other broker-dealers/custodians at its sole discretion. When a client directs us to use a broker/custodian other than those listed above): ♦ We may have a limited ability to negotiate commission rates or discounts on commission rates on the client’s behalf; KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |54  ♦ We generally do not have the ability to aggregate or group trades at such brokers. We are unable to apply an average price for trades executed by unaffiliated brokers. This results in the client paying a different total price than obtained by clients with our approved custodians, even if the trades are executed on the same day and in the same security; ♦ We cannot guarantee that the selected broker will average price trades executed for the client with trades that broker executes for other Kovitz clients, and we cannot guarantee that the broker will share or spread aggregate commissions for these trades among the various Kovitz client accounts it services. We are required to obtain best execution when we choose the broker to execute our clients’ trades. If we fail to obtain best execution it will cause our clients to pay more money to execute its trades or receive a less favorable price. If a client does not receive best execution, whether with trades executed by a broker of its choice or with our approved custodians, the client may pay more money for the executed trade, or receive a less favorable price. In certain cases, Kovitz has the discretionary authority to pick a broker other than a client’s current custodian to execute a trade. For each of these trades, Client will have to pay an additional transactional charge that is paid to the custodian. This is in addition to any other charges related to the transaction. Kovitz does not receive any of the transactional charge to execute these trades. This is a conflict however, as by directing trades to an outside broker, Kovitz might receive ancillary benefits. Kovitz reduces this conflict by limiting the times that the leverage an outside broker to certain situations (limited liquidity, foreign security, etc.). Additionally, by not receiving any part of the transactional charge, Kovitz does not receive any increase benefit by directing more trades to said broker. For fixed income trading away, per custodial requirements, this ability to pick the non-custodian broker for execution is reserved to those accounts must maintain a minimum portfolio value of $100,000 or more and sign the appropriate paperwork with the custodian. It is not used in all cases. There are instances for accounts with smaller balances where we are not able to access these third-party brokers. Some custodians require accounts to meet certain thresholds to be able to participate in this type of fixed income trading. In these instances, we still follow-up our duty of best execution but we are limited to the inventory at the custodian. CROSS TRADES Kovitz does not cross trade equities as a matter of policy. From time to time, it will cross trade bonds in non-retirement accounts when it believes that the cross-trade benefits both the buying and selling client. When such cross trades are placed Kovitz will record the following information: (i) current quoted prices from multiple market sources; (ii) the mid- point between the average bid/ask prices; and (iii) the benefit to the client from the cross trade. In some circumstances, affiliated and client accounts will share transaction costs equally and receive securities at a total average price. Kovitz will retain records of the trade order (specifying each participating account) and its allocation, which will be completed prior to the entry of the aggregated order. Completed orders will be allocated as specified in the initial trade order. Partially filled orders will be allocated on a pro rata basis. Any exceptions will be explained on the order. ITEM 13. REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS PERIODIC REVIEWS AND REPORTING Kovitz reviews client accounts on a regular and continuous basis. At a minimum, our portfolio/account managers review accounts on an annual basis, while some advisers review their accounts more frequently. We also conduct reviews based on other triggers such as significant life events (retirement, receipt of an inheritance, etc.), firm-wide purchases or sales of securities, bond maturities, or after cash deposits or distributions. All investment advisory clients are encouraged to discuss their needs, goals, and objectives with the Firm and to keep Kovitz informed of any changes thereto. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |55  Our portfolio managers consider the following when periodically reviewing their clients’ accounts: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Securities held in the account; Position sizes; Suitability; The client’s investment objective; Asset allocation, including allocation to private placements and mutual funds (whether or not such investments are affiliated with Kovitz); and ♦ The client’s risk tolerance. Our separate client accounts, generally, receive periodic account statements (usually monthly) and trade confirmations directly from their broker and/or custodian of their assets. We also provide quarterly account appraisals, annual tax reports, and various other reports to certain clients from time to time. We encourage our clients to compare their brokerage and/or custodial statements to the reports we provide, as applicable. Telemus Capital’s Investment Committee (the “IC”) has responsibility for setting investment policy guidelines, risk model asset allocations, and all portfolio investment selections other than private investments, as well as monitoring and updating the investment models as warranted, for accounts the Telemus Capital division advises on. The IC meets at least monthly and more frequently as needed. The Private Investment Committee (“PC”) maintains responsibility for the review, selection and oversight of all private investments. As part of its basic wealth management service, Kovitz provides clients with a goal based financial plan. After an initial review with the client, basic financial plans are not reviewed on a regular or consistent basis, unless requested by the client. To the extent that the client subsequently establishes account(s) with Kovitz, the account review practices described above will apply. TDOF Fund and the Telemus Life Science Real Estate Fund Investors in the TDOF Fund and the TLSRE Fund (described in Item 4 above) will receive audited financial statements on an annual basis. Other information will be provided upon request to all or individual investors at the Funds’ sole discretion. VALUATION OF SECURITIES IN CLIENT ACCOUNTS In administering our clients’ accounts, we receive security pricing information from several different custodians, depending on which broker/custodian the client has selected for his/her account(s). While clients may hold the same securities across various custodians, the pricing information that we receive in our systems can potentially vary by custodian. This is because each custodian may use different third-party vendors or methods for valuing securities. In spite of these potential differences, Kovitz uses the pricing information received from its primary custodian, PAS. This is for efficiency reasons, as a vast majority of Kovitz’s clients’ accounts are held at PAS. This pricing information is reflected firm-wide, in much of its investment management, trading, and reconciliation processes. PAS obtains its pricing information from an industry-recognized pricing vendor, a vendor that other custodians use as well. Also, the Madison Office receives pricing information from the same vendor. As such, the periodic reports that Kovitz sends to clients, and the firm’s billing practices reflect pricing information received from that vendor. Ultimately, the vendor’s pricing information is used on a firm-wide basis, regardless of the custodian that the client has selected for his/her accounts (for example, Schwab, or Fidelity). As noted above, we encourage our clients to compare their brokerage and/or custodial statements to the statements we provide, as applicable. ITEM 14. CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |56  We have agreements with unaffiliated third parties (including SmartAsset), called promoters, who refer clients to Kovitz. We pay these third parties a portion of the investment management fees we receive for managing the accounts of the referred clients. Referral arrangements inherently give rise to potential conflicts of interest, particularly when the person recommending the adviser receives an economic benefit for doing so. Rule 206(4)-1 of the Advisers Act addresses this conflict of interest by, among other things, requiring disclosure of whether the promoter is a client or a non-client and a description of the material conflicts of interest and material terms of the compensation arrangement with the promoter. Accordingly, we require promoters to disclose to referred clients, in writing: whether the promoter is a client or a non- client; that the promoter will be compensated for the referral; the material conflicts of interest arising from the relationship and/or compensation arrangement; and the material terms of the compensation arrangement, including a description of the compensation to be provided for the referral. Additionally, Kovitz employees refer clients to Kovitz and receive compensation for the referral. Kovitz employees disclose to the prospect at the time of referral that they are an employee of Kovitz, which is accomplished by various means (business card, communication from Kovitz email, etc.) We are involved in various platforms, including “model,” “wrap,” and sub-advisory arrangements. Under these arrangements, the primary advisers pay us a portion of the fees that they collect from their clients. We also act as sub- adviser for a mutual fund, for which we serve as sole sub-adviser. We are paid fees by the primary adviser of the mutual fund. Please refer to Item 12. Brokerage practices for background on benefits and certain compensation we receive from our custodial relationships. Kovitz’s parent company is Focus Financial Partners, LLC (“Focus”). From time to time, Focus holds partnership meetings and other industry and best-practices conferences, which typically include Kovitz, other Focus firms and external attendees. These meetings are first and foremost intended to provide training or education to personnel of Focus firms, including Kovitz. However, the meetings do provide sponsorship opportunities for asset managers, asset custodians, vendors and other third-party service providers. Sponsorship fees allow these companies to advertise their products and services to Focus firms, including Kovitz. Although the participation of Focus firm personnel in these meetings is not preconditioned on the achievement of a sales target for any conference sponsor, this practice could nonetheless be deemed a conflict as the marketing and education activities conducted, and the access granted, at such meetings and conferences could cause Kovitz to focus on those conference sponsors in the course of its duties. Focus attempts to mitigate any such conflict by allocating the sponsorship fees only to defraying the cost of the meeting or future meetings and not as revenue for itself or any affiliate, including Kovitz. Conference sponsorship fees are not dependent on assets placed with any specific provider or revenue generated by such asset placement. The following entities have provided conference sponsorship to Focus from January 1, 2024 to February 1, 2025: • • • • • • • • • • Advent Software, Inc. (includes SS&C) BlackRock, Inc. Blackstone Administrative Services Partnership L.P. Capital Integration Systems LLC (CAIS) Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. Confluence Technologies Inc. Eaton Vance Distributors, Inc. (includes Parametric Portfolio Associates) Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC and Fidelity Distributors Company LLC (includes Fidelity Institutional Asset Management and FIAM) Flourish Financial LLC Franklin Distributors, LLC (includes O’Shaughnessy Asset Management, L.L.C. (OSAM) and CANVAS) K&L Gates LLP Pinegrove Capital Partners LLC (includes Brookfield Oaktree Wealth Solutions) • • Nuveen Securities, LLC • Orion Advisor Technology, LLC • KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |57  Practifi, Inc. Salus GRC, LLC Stone Ridge Asset Management LLC The Vanguard Group, Inc. TriState Capital Bank • • • • • • UPTIQ, Inc. You can access updates to the list of conference sponsors on Focus’ website through the following link: https://www.focusfinancialpartners.com/conference-sponsors On occasion, Kovitz hosts events for various purposes, including sharing industry information and events that facilitate networking among our firm, clients, and industry participants. Vendors have sponsored the events, giving them an opportunity to market their products and services to clients and us. This practice is a potential conflict as the marketing and education activities conducted and the access granted at such meetings and conferences could cause us to focus on those conference sponsors in the course of our duties. We mitigate the potential conflict through this disclosure and by allocating the sponsorship fees only to defray the cost of the events and not as revenue for our firm. Nationwide and Cohen and Steers provided conference sponsorship to Kovitz in 2024. A number of our principals may be eligible for additional compensation from our indirect parent company, Focus Financial Partners, LLC (or one of its affiliates), depending on the performance of Kovitz. Eligibility will be determined based on all or a portion of Kovitz’s cumulative earnings. This potential for increased compensation provides an incentive for these principals to encourage you to maintain and even increase the size of your investment account with us. Kovitz receives an administrative service fee from a private equity firm, Chicago Capital Partners Management, LLC (CCP Manager), for services provided to the funds managed by CCP Manager. CCP Manager is managed and majority-owned by certain executive officers of Kovitz. Kovitz’s fee is based on a percentage of assets within the funds to which we provide administrative services. This is a conflict of interest for Kovitz as we receive more compensation in relation to the referrals we make to CCP Manager for investment in funds managed by CCP Manager. Kovitz limits this conflict by only referring funds managed by CCP Manager to clients when it determines that the funds are suitable for the client and are in line with the agreed upon asset allocation of the client. Additionally, Kovitz does not use it discretion to invest clients in the funds managed by CCP Manager. Business Relationships Kovitz refers clients to Cardinal Point for investment management services. The affiliation between Kovitz and Cardinal Point is disclosed to the clients referred by Kovitz. Kovitz refers clients to SPA for retirement plan services. The affiliation between Kovitz and SPA is disclosed to the plans referred by Kovitz. Referred retirement plans are not obligated to engage with SPA and can choose to select a different investment adviser to manage their relationship. Kovitz refers clients to SCS, Origin and OCA for alternative investment management services. The affiliation between Kovitz and SCS, Origin and OCA are disclosed to the clients referred by Kovitz. Clients elect to invest with SCS, Origin and OCA on their own discretion, Kovitz does not invest clients assets with SCS, Origin or OCA using our discretion. Smart Asset Kovitz participates in an online adviser matching program, SmartAsset Advisors LLC (“SmartAsset”), which seeks to match prospective advisory clients who have expressed an interest in finding an investment adviser with investment advisory firms. The adviser matching program provides the name and contact information of such persons to the advisory firms as potential leads. Kovitz pays SmartAsset a portion of the advisory fee for any matched client that has entered into an advisory relationship with Kovitz . KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |58  Thumbtack Transform Wealth uses the services of Thumbtack to match prospective advisory clients with investment advisers in exchange for a non-success-based fee paid by Transform Wealth for engaging advisory services. COMMISSIONS AND SALES CHARGES FOR RECOMMENDATIONS OF SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS Certain of the Firm’s advisory personnel are registered representatives of unaffiliated broker-dealers. These advisory personnel are registered with the unaffiliated broker-dealers primarily so that they can receive and continue to receive distribution and service fees (trails) for sales of variable and fixed annuities and 529 plans. These activities are an outside business activity of the personnel and are not a solicitation of sale by Kovitz or an advisory service provided by Kovitz. The receipt of compensation for product sales is a conflict of interest, as it provides an incentive to recommend a transaction in order to be compensated rather than solely based on client needs. Moreover, clients may be able to obtain these products less expensively through sources other than the unaffiliated broker-dealers our personnel are registered with. Kovitz addresses this conflict through this disclosure and does not charge advisory fees on assets where the Firm’s advisory personnel, acting in their capacity as registered representatives, receive brokerage compensation (e.g., it does not “double dip”). Kovitz additionally notes that clients are under no obligation to purchase securities products through the unaffiliated broker-dealer or Firm advisory persons, may choose any other brokers or agents, and in some cases clients can and do purchase products directly from fund companies without paying brokerage compensation. Additionally, certain of the Firm’s Supervised Persons, in their individual capacities, may offer securities brokerage services and/or insurance products under a separate commission-based arrangement. CHARLES SCHWAB Kovitz receives client referrals from Charles Schwab through participation in Schwab Advisor Network. The service is designed to help investors find an independent investment adviser. Charles Schwab is a broker-dealer independent of and unaffiliated with Kovitz. Charles Schwab does not supervise Kovitz and has no responsibility for Kovitz’s management of clients’ portfolios or the firm’s other advice or services. Kovitz pays Charles Schwab fees to receive client referrals through the service. Kovitz’s participation in the service raises potential conflicts of interest described below. Kovitz pays Charles Schwab a Participation Fee on all referred clients’ accounts that are maintained in custody at Charles Schwab and a Non-Schwab Custody Fee on all accounts that are maintained at, or transferred to, another custodian. The Participation Fee paid by Kovitz is a percentage of the fees the client owes to Kovitz or a percentage of the value of the assets in the client’s account, subject to a minimum participation fee. Kovitz pays Charles Schwab the Participation Fee as long as the referred client’s account remains in custody at Charles Schwab. The Participation Fee is billed to Kovitz quarterly and may be increased, decreased or waived by Charles Schwab from time to time. The Participation Fee is paid by Kovitz and not the client. Kovitz has agreed not to charge clients referred through the service fees or costs greater than the fees or costs that Kovitz charges clients with similar portfolios who were not referred through the service. Kovitz generally pays Charles Schwab a Non-Schwab Custody Fee if custody of a referred client’s account is not maintained by, or assets in the account are transferred from Charles Schwab. This fee does not apply if the client was solely responsible for the decision not to maintain custody at Charles Schwab. The Non-Schwab Custody Fee is a one-time payment equal to a percentage of the assets placed with a custodian other than Charles Schwab. The Non-Schwab Custody Fee is higher than the Participation Fees Kovitz generally would pay in a single year. Thus, Kovitz will have an incentive to recommend that client accounts be held in custody at Charles Schwab. The Participation and Non-Schwab Custody Fees will be based on assets in accounts of clients who were referred by Charles Schwab and those referred clients’ family members living in the same household. Thus, Kovitz has an incentive to encourage household members of clients referred through the service to maintain custody of their accounts and execute transactions at Charles Schwab and to instruct Charles Schwab to debit Kovitz’s fees from the accounts. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |59  ITEM 15. CUSTODY We have the authority to direct our clients’ brokers or custodians to pay us our management fees directly from client accounts. As we described in the section above entitled “Review of Accounts,” clients receive periodic account statements and trade confirmations directly from their broker and/or custodian of their assets. We also directly provide account statements and other reports to certain clients on a periodic basis. We urge our clients to carefully review the statements they receive and to compare the statements we provide with the statements they receive directly from their broker or custodian. While we generally avoid obtaining the authority to hold or obtain possession of client funds or securities in connection with the advisory services we provide to clients, we do have custody in the following ways: TRUSTEESHIPS; FAMILY OFFICE SERVICES; STANDING LETTERS OF AUTHORIZATION; CLIENT LOG-INs ♦ Our employees occasionally serve as trustee (or co-trustee) of client trust accounts to which we provide advisory services. In cases where the trusteeship did not result from Kovitz providing advisory services to the client over time (such as family relationships, or other relationships that pre-date the client’s and employee’s association with Kovitz), the firm does not claim custody over these client trusts (based on SEC guidance). On the other hand, in cases where the trusteeship resulted from Kovitz providing advisory services to the client trust over time, Kovitz considers this to be “custody” of client trust assets. ♦ Also, as described above in the section entitled, “Item 4. Kovitz’s Investment Advisory Business,” the firm provides “Family Office Services” to certain clients. As part of this segment of the business, the firm provides bill paying services, and assists with asset movement requests from clients. In carrying out the activities of the Family Office Services, firm employees have full electronic access (rather than limited, “trading-only,” or “read- only” access) to certain clients’ bank accounts and securities accounts for purposes of entering transactions. This is considered “custody” of client assets. We have various controls in place to monitor and supervise such activity. In addition, we have engaged a third-party accounting firm to conduct surprise exams of the applicable client accounts, as required by SEC rules. ♦ Kovitz also allows clients to setup standing letters of authorization (SLOAs) on their accounts. These SLOAs allow clients to distribute funds via various methods (check, wire, etc.) to an established recipient. The SLOAs that are established are a mix of first party (same name on both accounts) or third party (to different account name than the delivering account) instructions. In instances where the SLOA is directed to a third party, Kovitz is deemed to have custody. Kovitz additionally has reviewed the details of the SLOAs and has noted those that fall within the SEC’s safe harbor of meeting seven specific conditions required to not be part of an annual surprise examination, namely not directed to Kovitz or a related party. Kovitz has various controls around the processing and monitoring of SLOA activity. Additionally, the accounts that are required to be part of the surprise examination due to the third-party SLOA are included in the scope of that annual requirement along with the other “custody” accounts. ♦ Kovitz advisors have access to a client’s log-in credentials for an account that is considered held-away from our primary custodians. These accounts are typically a client employer’s 401k or pension plan. Such accounts are included in the annual surprise asset examination conducted by a third-party account firm. ♦ If clients of Kovitz also use the MPB service for certain services (bill pay, insurance claim management, etc), then, under federal securities laws, Kovitz will be deemed to have custody of those client accounts. In these cases, the assets are held by independent, unaffiliated qualified custodians and are subject to an annual surprise custody examination in accordance with Rule 206(4)2 under the Investment Advisers Act. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |60  AFFILIATED PRIVATE PLACEMENTS ♦ We have custody of the assets in our affiliated hedge funds because we are the general partner of such funds. We also have custody of the funds and securities of an affiliated real estate fund as the “managing member” of the fund is controlled by the same executive officers of Kovitz. As such, we have control over the trading and movement of assets in and out of such funds. We have various controls in place to protect the assets in such funds. We use an independent third party to administer the hedge funds and the real estate fund, and to provide statements to the fund investors on a periodic basis. In addition, we use an independent accounting firm to audit the financial statements of our hedge funds and the real estate fund on an annual basis. We then distribute the auditor’s reports to the funds’ underlying investors, as required by SEC rules. ITEM 16. INVESTMENT DISCRETION We provide discretionary investment management services to our clients. This means that when clients hire us, they give us trading authorization. We do not need specific approval from clients each time we decide to purchase or sell securities in the accounts that we manage for them. The discretionary authority allows Kovitz to determine third-party managers to be used for Client accounts. Clients give us discretionary trading authority by executing our investment advisory agreement when they hire us to manage their assets. As we have described in the section above entitled “Item 4. Kovitz’s Investment Advisory Business,” clients can limit our trading authority by restricting us from purchasing or selling certain securities. ITEM 17. VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES PROXIES We are responsible for voting client securities (proxies) held in individual client accounts if we specifically agree to accept this authority and responsibility in writing (although clients may always contact us with questions on proxy matters). Where we have not accepted that authority, Clients typically receive voting and proxy information directly from the issuers of the securities in their accounts. For institutional clients, including registered investment companies’ clients such as EQTY, FPCGX, the Al Frank Fund, and CAPOX, and in connection with model, wrap fee, or other similar relationships, we are similarly responsible for voting proxies if the client or sponsor, etc., delegates, and we agree to accept, such authority. We have adopted proxy voting policies and procedures designed to ensure that we vote proxies in the best interest of clients and that we provide clients with information about how their proxies are voted. In light of our fiduciary duty to clients, and given the complexity of the issues that may be raised with proxy votes, we have retained an independent, third-party proxy voting service provider to assist with the voting of client proxies. The proxy voting service provider specializes in providing a variety of fiduciary-level proxy-related services to institutional investment managers. The services provided to us include in-depth research, voting recommendations, vote execution and recordkeeping. We use reasonable best efforts to periodically reconcile available votes or votes cast by the proxy voting service provider against shares held in client accounts to assess whether we are receiving and voting proxies for those clients and relationships for which it has voting authority. We acknowledge that conflicts of interest can arise which can affect how we vote proxies. We address conflicts of interest by first determining whether or not we have a material business relationship with the issuer. We then work with our third- party proxy voting service provider to determine whether or not it intends to vote on the specific matter. We may then KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |61  “override” the provider’s vote instruction, or otherwise instruct the provider to vote in a certain way that is, in our judgment, consistent with our clients’ best interests. We serve as general partner of our affiliated hedge funds. As such, we have authority to vote securities held by such entities. We do not, however, as a general matter, exercise our authority to vote proxies on such funds’ behalf. We will provide a copy of our Proxy Voting Policy to our clients or prospective clients upon their request. CLASS ACTION CLAIMS – GENERAL As is outlined in our standard investment advisory agreement, Kovitz, generally handles filing of class action claims on behalf of clients. Kovitz has hired a third-party vendor to assist with monitoring, filing, and distributing of funds to clients, where applicable. ITEM 18. FINANCIAL INFORMATION Not applicable. KOVITZ FORM ADV PART 2A |62 

NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure FORM ADV PART 2A BROCHURE KOVITZ INVESTMENT GROUP PARTNERS, LLC Firm Brochure for DBA (“doing business as”) NORTHCOAST ASSET MANAGEMENT 10 S WACKER DRIVE SUITE 2600 CHICAGO, IL 60606 (312) 334-7300 Item 1 – Cover Page November 10, 2025 This Form ADV Part 2A brochure (“Brochure”) provides information about the qualifications, business practices and nature of advisory services of Kovitz Investment Group Partners, LLC, specifically “doing business as” NorthCoast Asset Management. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at compliance@kovitz.com or at (312) 334-7300. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any state securities authority. information about our firm also is available on the SEC’s website at Additional www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. You should be aware that Kovitz Investment Group Partners, LLC (“Kovitz”) is registered as a Registered Investment Adviser with the SEC. Registration does not imply that an investment adviser has reached a certain level of skill or training. 1  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure Item 2 – Material Changes This section discusses only specific material changes that are made to this Brochure since the Amendment to the Brochure dated June 1, 2024. It does not describe other modifications to this Brochure, such as stylistic changes or clarifications. On June 1, 2024, Kovitz completed the acquisition of the assets of, and combination with NorthCoast Asset Management. NorthCoast Asset Management (“NorthCoast”) is now part of Kovitz and will be doing business as NorthCoast within Kovitz’s registered investment adviser designation. As part of this transaction, this brochure has been updated throughout to add language specific to NorthCoast’s relationship with Kovitz. We offer clients the option of obtaining certain financial solutions from unaffiliated third-party financial institutions through UPTIQ Treasury & Credit Solutions, LLC (together with UPTIQ, Inc. and its affiliates, “UPTIQ”) and Flourish Financial LLC (“Flourish”). UPTIQ is compensated by sharing in the revenue earned by such third-party institutions for serving our clients. When legally permissible, UPTIQ and Flourish each shares a portion of this earned revenue with an affiliate of our firm. The affiliate distributes this revenue to us when we are licensed to receive such revenue (or when no such license is required) and the distribution is not otherwise legally prohibited. Further information on this conflict of interest is available in Items 4, 5, and 10 of this Brochure. We help our clients obtain certain insurance solutions by introducing clients to our affiliate, Focus Risk Solutions, LLC (“FRS”). If FRS places an insurance product for our client or refers our client to an insurance broker and there is a subsequent purchase of insurance through the broker, then FRS will receive a portion of the upfront and/or ongoing commissions associated with the sale by the insurance carrier with which the policy was placed. The amount of insurance commission revenue earned by FRS is considered for purposes of determining the amount of additional compensation that certain of our financial professionals are entitled to receive. Additionally, certain of these brokers pay FRS periodic fees to participate in the FRS platform and, thereby, to offer their services to our clients and certain of our affiliates’ clients. Further information on this conflict of interest is available in Items 4, 5 and 10 of this Brochure. Clients are encouraged to review the Brochure in its entirety. 2  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure Item 3 – Table of Contents Item 1 – Cover Page ........................................................................................................................... 1 Item 2 – Material Changes ................................................................................................................. 2 Item 3 – Table of Contents ................................................................................................................. 3 Item 4 – Investment Advisory Business ............................................................................................. 4 Item 5 – Fees and Compensation ........................................................................................................ 6 Item 6 - Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management .................................................... 8 Item 7 – Types of Clients.................................................................................................................... 8 Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ............................................. 8 Item 9 – Disciplinary Information .................................................................................................... 25 Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ........................................................ 25 Item 11 – Code of Ethics, Participation in Client Transactions and Personal Trading ..................... 29 Item 12 – Brokerage Practices .......................................................................................................... 29 Item 13 – Review of Accounts ......................................................................................................... 30 Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation ........................................................................ 30 Item 15 – Custody............................................................................................................................. 33 Item 16 – Investment Discretion ....................................................................................................... 33 Item 17 – Voting Client Securities ................................................................................................... 33 Item 18 – Financial Information ....................................................................................................... 34 3  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure Item 4 – Investment Advisory Business Kovitz Investment Group Partners, LLC (“Kovitz” or the “Firm”) is an SEC registered investment adviser. Kovitz’ registration as an investment adviser does not imply a certain level of skill or training. The oral and written communications that the Firm provides to you, including this Brochure, is information that you should use in your decision to hire the Firm or continue a professional relationship with the Firm. Kovitz has multiple divisions that advise clients according to different service models. This Brochure provides specific information relating to the division of Kovitz that does business as NorthCoast Asset Management (“NorthCoast”). Kovitz provides asset management to multiple client types through various service models, including but not limited to NorthCoast’s model. Kovitz maintains and delivers to clients a brochure applicable to the service model those clients receive. In this case, clients of NorthCoast receive a separate brochure tailored specifically to the provision of investment advisory services to such clients by NorthCoast. Kovitz is part of the Focus Financial Partners, LLC (“Focus LLC”) partnership. Specifically, Kovitz is a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Focus LLC. Ferdinand FFP Acquisition, LLC is the sole managing member of Focus LLC. Ultimate governance of Focus LLC is conducted through the board of directors at Ferdinand FFP Ultimate Holdings, LP. Focus LLC is majority-owned, indirectly and collectively, by investment vehicles affiliated with Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, LLC (“CD&R”). Investment vehicles affiliated with Stone Point Capital LLC (“Stone Point”) are indirect owners of Focus LLC. Because Kovitz is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Focus LLC, CD&R and Stone Point investment vehicles are indirect owners of Kovitz. Focus LLC also owns other registered investment advisers, broker-dealers, pension consultants, insurance firms, business managers and other firms (the “Focus Partners”), most of which provide wealth management, benefit consulting and investment consulting services to individuals, families, employers, and institutions. Some Focus Partners also manage or advise limited partnerships, private funds, or investment companies as disclosed on their respective Form ADVs. As of December 31, 2024, Kovitz has approximately $31.7 billion of regulatory assets under management. This is composed of approximately $29.5 billion of assets managed on a discretionary basis and approximately $2.2 billion on a non-discretionary basis. We offer clients the option of obtaining certain financial solutions from unaffiliated third-party financial institutions through UPTIQ Treasury & Credit Solutions, LLC (together with UPTIQ, Inc. and its affiliates, “UPTIQ”). Please see Items 5 and 10 for a fuller discussion of these services and other important information. We help our clients obtain certain insurance solutions from unaffiliated, third-party insurance brokers by introducing clients to our affiliate, Focus Risk Solutions, LLC (“FRS”), a wholly owned subsidiary of our parent company, Focus Financial Partners, LLC. Please see Items 5 and 10 for a fuller discussion of these services and other important information. NorthCoast helps clients reach their investment goals. Whether the client is a high net worth individual looking for a long-term financial plan, or an institutional client interested in a particular set of strategy risk/return attributes, NorthCoast provides portfolio management services via 4  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure separately managed accounts. Kovitz is a fiduciary under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”) with respect to investment management services and investment advice provided to ERISA plans and ERISA plan participants. Kovitz is also a fiduciary under section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”) with respect to investment management services and investment advice provided to individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”), ERISA plans, and ERISA plan participants. As such, Kovitz is subject to specific duties and obligations under ERISA and the IRC, as applicable, that include, among other things, prohibited transaction rules which are intended to prohibit fiduciaries from acting on conflicts of interest. When a fiduciary gives advice, the fiduciary must either avoid certain conflicts of interest or rely upon an applicable prohibited transaction exemption. As a fiduciary, we have duties of care and of loyalty to you and are subject to obligations imposed on us by the federal and state securities laws. As a result, you have certain rights that you cannot waive or limit by contract. Nothing in our agreement with you should be interpreted as a limitation of our obligations under the federal and state securities laws or as a waiver of any unwaivable rights you possess. NorthCoast has subadvisory agreements with certain affiliates to offer access to certain of its strategies. Affiliates who choose to utilize NorthCoast strategies will take the appropriate steps to determine that the sub-advisor relationship is in the best interest of the client. Affiliates are under no obligation to use NorthCoast strategies. Our philosophy driving this service model is that a thoroughly researched and systematic investment process grounded in common sense will outperform over time. NorthCoast specializes in quantitative analysis and systematic investing. Through our research, we have discovered that securities and markets reward certain factors and penalize others. To capitalize on these observations, we implement market exposure and security selection models based on the same fundamental rationales. These continue to be validated by thorough research, then implemented daily as part of our investment process. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS NorthCoast has a business arrangement with the following companies. These companies are indirect, wholly owned subsidiaries of Focus LLC. The arrangement allows these companies to hire NorthCoast as sub-advisor for their client accounts. NorthCoast is an affiliate of these companies by virtue of being under common control. Please see Items 5, 10 and 11 of this Brochure for further details. • Cardinal Point Capital Management, ULC (“Cardinal Point”) • Badgley Phelps Wealth Managers, LLC (“Badgley Phelps”) • Cornerstone Wealth Group, LLC (“Cornerstone”) • Focus Partners Wealth, LLC (“FPW”) 5  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure Item 5 – Fees and Compensation Compensation and fees for individually managed accounts Our compensation for individually managed accounts is specified in our agreement with the relevant client. We charge fixed fees that we determine on a case-by-case basis after taking into account a variety of factors, such as the amount of client assets we have agreed to manage, and the variety and complexity of the services we are providing Legacy clients pay the asset-based strategy fee that is specified in their client agreements with us. Our fees are potentially subject to negotiation. For certain clients, we charge an advisory fee for services provided with respect to the held-away accounts mentioned above in Item 4, just as we do with client accounts held at our primary custodians. The specific fee schedule charged by us is provided in the client’s investment advisory agreement with us. General Compensation Provisions Generally, NorthCoast charges management fees on a quarterly basis in arrears as provided in the investment advisory agreement. The fees are based on the net assets in the client's account as of the last business day of each calendar quarter. For purposes of calculating each such management fee, the net assets in a client's account are determined before reduction of the management fee and accrued or payable as of the calculation date and before any additions or withdrawals. Cash, accrued interest and the value of securities purchased on margin are included for billing purposes, unless the Firm determines otherwise, in its discretion. If a client withdraws all or part of its funds under management, or the agreement with us is terminated on any other date than the last business day of a calendar month or quarter, that client will be charged a management fee which will be prorated. The proration will be based on (a) the number of business days in the calendar month or quarter through the date of termination to (b) the total number of business days in the calendar month or quarter. If a client enters into an agreement with us mid-quarter, that client will be charged a management fee which will be prorated. The proration will be based on (a) the number of days remaining in the calendar month or quarter to (b) the total number of days in the calendar month or quarter. For certain legacy clients, we charge asset-based strategy fees. We charge a higher rate for client assets invested in some strategies than we do for others. Charging a different rate for client investments based on the strategy the client is invested in gives us an incentive to allocate client assets to strategies where we receive higher fees. We mitigate this conflict by disclosing it to you and by adhering to our duty to recommend strategies that are in the best interests of our clients. In addition, we will not change the allocation of your portfolio to a strategy that increases your fees without obtaining your consent. NorthCoast also manages accounts that are part of “wrap fee” programs (in which the advisory fee is inclusive of portfolio trading costs) sponsored by other brokerage or asset management firms with whom NorthCoast has selling agreements or dual contracts. NorthCoast may opt to negotiate lower fees in order to participate in these programs. NorthCoast does not sponsor its own wrap fee program. If needed, NorthCoast has the ability to place orders with brokers or dealers other than the wrap program’s sponsor (“trading away”). In these instances, brokers or dealers will impose mark- ups/mark-downs on those orders that are charged to the client’s account within the execution price. These are not included in the wrap fees paid by the client to the wrap program’s sponsor. This 6  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure would occur in rare cases in which the additional cost to the client remains consistent with NorthCoast’s duty to seek best execution. NorthCoast bills on an “in arrears” basis. However, several brokerage firms offering our products bill on a forward basis. They include UBS, Pershing, Raymond James, and Oppenheimer. We offer clients the option of obtaining certain financial solutions from unaffiliated third-party financial institutions through UPTIQ Treasury & Credit Solutions, LLC (together with UPTIQ, Inc. and its affiliates, “UPTIQ”). Focus Financial Partners, LLC (“Focus”) is a minority investor in UPTIQ, Inc. UPTIQ is compensated by sharing in the revenue earned by such third-party financial institutions for serving our clients. The revenue paid to UPTIQ also benefits UPTIQ, Inc.’s investors, including Focus, our parent company. When legally permissible, UPTIQ also shares a portion of this earned revenue with our affiliate, Focus Solutions Holdings, LLC (“FSH”). For securities-backed lines of credit (“SBLOCs”) made to our clients, UPTIQ will share with FSH up to 75% of all revenue it receives from such third-party financial institutions. For other loans (except residential mortgage loans) made to our clients, UPTIQ will share with FSH up to 25% of all revenue it receives from such third-party financial institutions. For cash management products and services provided to our clients, UPTIQ will share with FSH up to 33% of all revenue it receives from the third-party financial institutions and other intermediaries that provide administrative and settlement services in connection with this program. Although the amount of these revenue-sharing payments to FSH is not charged directly in the calculation of the interest rate paid by clients on credit solutions facilitated by UPTIQ or the yield earned by clients on cash management solutions facilitated by UPTIQ, the compensation earned by UPTIQ is an expense of the third-party financial institutions that informs the interest rate paid by clients on credit solutions and the yield earned by clients on cash management solutions. FSH distributes this revenue to us when we are licensed to receive such revenue (or when no such license is required) and the distribution is not otherwise legally prohibited. Further information on this conflict of interest is available in Item 10 of this Brochure. We help our clients obtain certain insurance solutions by introducing clients to our affiliate, Focus Risk Solutions, LLC (“FRS”), a wholly owned subsidiary of our parent company, Focus Financial Partners, LLC. FRS assists our clients with regulated insurance sales activity by advising our clients on insurance matters and placing insurance products for them and/or referring our clients to certain third-party insurance brokers (the “Brokers”), with whom FRS has agreements, which either separately or together with FRS place insurance products for them. If FRS places an insurance product or refers one of our clients to a Broker and there is a subsequent purchase of insurance through the Broker, then FRS will receive a portion of the upfront and/or ongoing commissions associated with the sale by the insurance carrier with which the policy was placed. The amount of revenue earned by FRS for the sale of these insurance products will vary over time in response to market conditions and will also differ based on the type of insurance product sold and which Broker placed the policy. The amount of insurance commission revenue earned by FRS is considered for purposes of determining the amount of additional compensation that certain of our financial professionals are entitled to receive. Additionally, in exchange for allowing certain of the Brokers to participate in the FRS platform and, thereby, to offer their services to our clients and certain of our affiliates’ clients, FRS receives periodic fees (the “Platform Fees”) from such Brokers. The Platform Fees are expected to change over time. Such Platform Fees are revenue for FRS and, ultimately, for our common parent company, Focus, but we do not share in such revenue. FRS also indirectly benefits from our clients’ use of the services insofar as such use incentivizes the Brokers to maintain their relationship with FRS and to continue paying Platform Fees to FRS, which could 7  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure also support increases in the overall amount of the Platform Fee rates in the future. Further information on this conflict of interest is available in Item 10 of this Brochure. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS NorthCoast does receive direct compensation from Cardinal Point, Cornerstone, FPW and Badgley Phelps, in connection with these firms hiring NorthCoast as sub-advisor to their clients. Clients referred to NorthCoast, will only pay applicable fees to the referring company. Clients will not have to pay more fees to NorthCoast due to the referral. The hiring of NorthCoast rather than to an unaffiliated investment adviser increases the compensation to Kovitz and the revenue to Kovitz, and our common parent company, Focus LLC, relative to a situation in which the referred clients take their business to an unaffiliated investment adviser. As a consequence, the common parent company has a financial incentive to cause these firms to hire NorthCoast as a sub-advisor. Item 6 - Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management NorthCoast does not receive performance-based fees on client accounts. Item 7 – Types of Clients NorthCoast provides advisory services to individuals, investment companies, pension and profit- sharing plans, trusts, estates, charitable organizations, corporations, limited liability companies, general partnerships, and limited partnerships. Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss Investment Philosophy We believe a thoroughly researched and systematic investment process rooted in common sense will outperform over time. In our research, we have found that securities and markets reward certain factors and punish others. To capitalize on these factors, we employ market exposure models and security selection models based on fundamental rationales. These rationales have been validated by thorough research and are implemented daily as part of our investment process. To maintain, refine and enhance our competitive edge, we remain committed to a continuous and comprehensive research process. Monitoring and Research The investment process will be continuously monitored and augmented by a thorough, quantitatively based research effort. NorthCoast’s proprietary market exposure models and security management models are updated daily with the latest data. Estimates of portfolio volatility and expected return are evaluated daily to confirm they are appropriately targeted. The Investment Team will confirm that risk factor and sector exposures are in line with risk budgets. Portfolio trading will be initiated only when required to enhance the risk-return profile of the portfolio and only after expected transaction costs are considered. 8  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure NorthCoast believes that to deliver superior risk adjusted returns over the long term requires a long- term information advantage. To maintain this edge, NorthCoast constantly engages in statistically based research to find new sources of alpha, improve portfolio construction and enhance its ability to forecast risk and return. Process enhancements are considered only after rigorous testing and after all potential implementation impacts are thoroughly evaluated. NorthCoast conducts extensive research, paying particular attention to past bear markets, in developing our investment programs. However, NorthCoast can give no assurance that a particular client’s account will achieve superior performance relative to other stock portfolios or indices. Aggregation and Allocation of Trades In nearly all cases, NorthCoast aggregates client orders for the purchase or sale of the same securities at the same broker-dealer. NorthCoast will generally follow the guidelines set forth below in aggregating client orders for securities at the same broker-dealer: • no investment advisory client will be favored over any other investment advisory client other than as permitted under the Aggregation and Allocation Policy; • • • each client that participates in an aggregated order will participate at the average share price for all NorthCoast’s transactions in that security at that client’s broker on a given business day. Transaction costs will be based on each client's participation in the aggregated order; if the aggregated order is filled in its entirety, it will be allocated among clients in accordance with the NorthCoast’s standard order aggregation method; if the aggregated order is partially filled, it will be allocated among clients on a pro rata basis; Notwithstanding the foregoing, an aggregated order may be allocated following execution on a basis different from that specified in NorthCoast’s standard order aggregation method. Reasons for allocation on a basis different from that specified in the NorthCoast’s standard order aggregation method may include: available cash; liquidity requirements; legal regulatory reasons, client restrictions, timing; or if the custodian offers asset-based pricing. In some cases, NorthCoast may make purchases and sales in the same security on the same day. This may occur when a) multiple strategies are holding the same security and a specific strategy is rebalancing, b) an individual account is onboarding or liquidating. Generally, whole strategy changes will follow the process outlined above whereas trades in individual accounts for the purposes of onboarding or liquidation will occur as soon as feasible. Investment Process NorthCoast will seek to exploit uncorrelated market inefficiencies by employing rigorous quantitative models based on fundamental investment insights and statistical analysis. NorthCoast is committed to risk management and uses a combination of risk management techniques: sector/region exposures, security specific risk, market risk, multifactor risk model. This last model enables NorthCoast to forecast how the portfolio will react to changes in macroeconomic factors. This information allows the Investment Team to balance the exposure of one security against 9  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure the exposure of another and to maintain statistically acceptable risk exposures. Individual transaction cost estimates are taken into account. This enables NorthCoast to more accurately manage the expected risk-return profile of the strategies while appropriately considering liquidity costs in portfolio construction. Investment Strategies Description NorthCoast offers a broad suite of investment strategies designed to meet a diverse range of investor goals. From income to growth to alternative solutions, our dedicated advisory team works with each client to construct a portfolio that matches their profile, objectives and approach. Our investment solutions can be divided into six broad categories covering the spectrum of investment styles: Strategic Asset Allocation, Equity, Income, Dynamic Asset Allocation, Options Strategies, and Alternatives. Strategic Asset Allocation Balanced The Balanced Strategy is an approach with the goal of generating long-term growth and income by allocating approximately 50% to stocks and 50% to bonds. Global Diversified Balanced Global Diversified Balanced is a moderately tactical investment strategy designed to produce a balanced approach to growth and income. The strategy invests in a diversified basket of global ETFs (global equities, global bonds, real estate, alternative investments, and cash equivalents) with a balanced objective of capital appreciation and income generation. Strategic Growth is a moderately aggressive approach to producing long-term capital appreciation by allocating approximately 70% to stocks and 30% to bonds. Strategic Growth Global Diversified Growth Global Diversified Growth is a moderately tactical investment strategy designed to produce long-term capital appreciation. The strategy invests in a diversified basket of global ETFs (global equities, global bonds, real estate, alternative investments, and cash equivalents) with a primary objective of capital appreciation and secondary objective of income generation. Aggressive Growth is a higher risk approach to producing long-term capital appreciation by allocating approximately 90% to stocks and 10% to bonds. Aggressive Growth Cash Alternative Cash Alternative seeks to enhance returns on idle cash by investing in short-term and ultra short-term fixed income instruments, generating yield while preserving high liquidity. Equity 10  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure Large-Cap Core Large-Cap Core is a long-term growth strategy focused on capital appreciation. In combination with a proprietary stock-scoring system, the strategy seeks stocks traditionally known as “blue-chips.” Blue chip companies are typically large, commonly known, financially sound, and have operated for many years. They tend to meet an economic need, boast a strong competitive advantage and have a long history of profitability. in growth-oriented, large-cap companies. These are Large-Cap Growth Large-Cap Growth is a long-term growth strategy focused on capital appreciation. The goal is to generate significant capital appreciation over the long term by investing typically organizations with a market capitalization of over $10 billion that exhibit a potential for high earnings growth, above their peers, and display sustainable competitive advantages. Large- Cap Value Large-Cap Value is a strategic long-term value strategy focused on capital appreciation. The strategy aims to maintain a full investment in equity securities. The program is derived from the investment philosophies of three of the top professional money managers in history: Benjamin Graham, John Neff, and Joel Greenblatt. This approach is coupled with a proprietary stock scoring system designed to build a comprehensive value portfolio. All-Cap Core All-Cap Core is a strategic long-term growth strategy focused on capital appreciation. Utilizing a proprietary stock scoring system, the strategy seeks stocks with “growth-at- a- reasonable-price,” a style known as GARP. The strategy is grounded in its long- term growth objective and remains fully invested in equities throughout market cycles. The program actively searches for stocks that show consistent earnings growth above broad market levels while exhibiting attractive valuations and entry points. Global Country Select Global Country Select is an actively managed investment strategy designed to generate long-term growth. The strategy utilizes a proprietary scoring and selection process to actively allocate across global country ETFs. The strategy invests in countries with higher risk-adjusted return potential and reduces or eliminates exposure to countries with lower risk-adjusted return potential. Sector Select Sector Select is an actively managed investment strategy designed to generate long- term growth. The strategy utilizes a proprietary scoring and selection process to actively allocate across U.S. sector ETFs. The strategy invests in sectors with higher risk-adjusted return potential and reduces or eliminates exposure to sectors with lower risk-adjusted return potential. Dividend Equity Dividend Equity is an income strategy based on Michael O’Higgins’ popular book, Beating the Dow. Dogs is grounded in the conventional wisdom that blue-chip companies will maintain a consistent dividend strategy that is independent of trading conditions. Though “Dog” stocks are often experiencing negative headlines, the strategy benefits by investing during times of stress with the expectation that things will improve over time and investors will collect dividends that soften negative price action along the way. 11  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure Income Municipal Income Municipal Income is an ETF ladder strategy built with a diversified portfolio of state and local bonds. These ETFs provide regular interest payments and distribute a final payout at each ETF’s stated maturity date. At maturity, original principal and earned interest are reinvested into the next ladder segment. Treasury Income Treasury Income is an ETF ladder strategy built with a diversified portfolio of U.S. Treasury Bonds. These ETFs provide regular interest payments and distribute a final payout at each ETF’s stated maturity date. At maturity, original principal and earned interest are reinvested into the next ladder segment. Core Fixed Income Core Fixed Income is a long-term income generation strategy focused on capital preservation by managing principal risk. Core Fixed Income invests in a diversified basket of global ETFs across the income spectrum using U.S. bonds, global bonds, corporate bonds, mortgages, and other asset classes. The portfolio seeks to produce long-term returns above the bond aggregate market. Dynamic Income Dynamic Income is a fully tactical investment strategy designed to produce income while managing principal risk. The strategy invests in a diversified basket of global ETFs across the income spectrum using U.S. bonds, international bonds, corporate bonds, mortgages, and U.S. and international dividend equities. The strategy seeks a target yield of inflation +2-3%, protection against rising interest rates & inflation with real assets, potential for appreciation through growth assets, and downside protection through a tactical allocation to yield sources with diversification benefits. Dynamic Asset Allocation Dynamic Hedged Equity, a CAN SLIM® Strategy Dynamic Hedged Equity, a CAN SLIM® Strategy, is a tactical, long-term growth strategy focused on capital appreciation with a secondary objective of downside protection. The strategy invests in leading growth stocks during favorable equity environments and scales to cash to preserve gains when bear market risk is high. The strategy adheres to a flexible investment mandate that allows for allocation shifts that range between 0%-100% exposure to equities. Positions are managed (purchased and liquidated) through a combination of CAN SLIM® guidelines and a proprietary stock scoring system designed to build a comprehensive growth portfolio. 12  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure Dynamic Hedged International Equity, a CAN SLIM® Strategy Dynamic Hedged International Equity, a CAN SLIM® Strategy, is a tactical, long-term growth strategy focused on capital appreciation with a secondary objective of downside protection. The strategy invests in leading international growth equities in the form of American Depository Receipts (ADRs) and Exchange- Traded Funds (ETFs) during favorable equity environments and scales to cash to preserve gains when bear market risk is high. Positions are managed (purchased and liquidated) through a combination of CAN SLIM® guidelines and a proprietary security scoring system designed to build a comprehensive growth portfolio. Dynamic Hedged Equity: SRI Dynamic Hedged Equity: SRI is a socially responsible long-term tactical growth strategy focused on capital appreciation. Socially responsible investing (SRI) avoids industries with generally negative impacts on society and seeks out companies that are pioneers in environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) operations. The strategy incorporates restrictions on these industries and ESG analysis from a third party with proprietary market outlook and stock scoring models. It invests in leading growth stocks during favorable equity environments and scales to cash to preserve gains when bear market risk is high. Adhering to a flexible investment mandate allows for allocation shifts that range between 0%-100% exposure to equities. NorthCoast Growth NorthCoast Growth is a tactical, long-term growth strategy focused on capital appreciation with a secondary objective of downside protection. The strategy invests in leading growth stocks during favorable equity environments and scales to cash to preserve gains when bear market risk is high. The strategy adheres to a flexible investment mandate that allows for allocation shifts that range between 0%-100% exposure to equities. Positions are managed (purchased and liquidated) through a proprietary stock scoring system designed to build a comprehensive growth portfolio. Dynamic Hedged Equity: Tax- Managed Dynamic Hedged Equity: Tax-Managed is a long-term tactical growth strategy focused on capital appreciation with a mandate to reduce the impact of tax consequences. The strategy invests in leading growth stocks during favorable equity environments and scales to cash to preserve gains when bear market risk is high. The strategy adheres to a flexible investment mandate that allows for allocation shifts that range between 0%-100% exposure to equities. Positions are managed (purchased and liquidated) through a proprietary stock scoring system with tax considerations designed to build a comprehensive growth portfolio. 13  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure Dynamic Hedged Equity: Shariah Values Dynamic Hedged Equity: Shariah Values is a long-term tactical growth strategy focused on capital appreciation with a mandate to restrict specific holdings based on the religious considerations of Shariah law. The strategy invests in leading growth stocks during favorable equity environments and scales to cash to preserve gains when bear market risk is high. The strategy adheres to a flexible investment mandate that allows for allocation shifts that range between 0%-100% exposure to equities. Positions are managed (purchased and liquidated) through a proprietary stock scoring system with faith-based considerations designed to build a comprehensive growth portfolio. Dynamic Hedged Equity: Christian Values Dynamic Hedged Equity: Christian Values is a long-term tactical growth strategy focused on capital appreciation with a mandate to restrict specific holdings based on the religious considerations of Christian values and beliefs. The strategy invests in leading growth stocks during favorable equity environments and scales to cash to preserve gains when bear market risk is high. The strategy adheres to a flexible investment mandate that allows for allocation shifts that range between 0% - 100% exposure to equities. Positions are managed (purchased and liquidated) through a proprietary stock scoring system with faith-based considerations designed to build a comprehensive growth portfolio. Dynamic Aggressive Equity Dynamic Aggressive Equity is a hedged equity strategy focused on capital appreciation. Invests in leading ETFs in favorable market environments. Aggressively scales to cash to preserve gains when unfavorable market risk moves higher. Positions are managed through a proprietary scoring system designed to build a comprehensive portfolio. Dynamic Asset Allocation Dynamic Asset Allocation is a fully tactical investment strategy designed to generate long-term growth. The strategy invests in a diversified basket of global ETFs across the asset class spectrum using global equities, global bonds, real estate, alternative investments, and cash equivalents. The primary objective is long- term capital appreciation with a secondary objective of capital preservation. Sector Select Hedged Sector Select Hedged is a fully tactical investment strategy designed to generate long-term growth with downside risk protection. The strategy utilizes a proprietary scoring and selection process to actively allocate across U.S. sector ETFs. The strategy invests in sectors with higher risk-adjusted return potential and reduces or eliminates exposure to sectors with lower risk-adjusted return potential while applying defensive cash scaling risk controls designed to reduce volatility and mitigate significant loss. 14  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure Options Strategies Defined Outcome Strategies Buffer 10 Designed to track the return of the S&P 500 Price Index (up to a predetermined cap) while buffering Clients against a decline of approximately 10% of losses over the Outcome Period, from -5% to -15%, before fees and expenses. Client is exposed to loss approximately between 0% and -5%, and -15% and beyond. Buffer 20 Designed to track the return of the S&P 500 Price Index (up to a predetermined cap) while buffering Clients against a decline of approximately 20% of losses over the Outcome Period, from -5% to -25%, before fees and expenses. Client is exposed to loss approximately between 0% and -5%, and -25% and beyond. Growth If the S&P 500 Price Index return is negative for the outcome period, the strategy is designed to track the S&P 500 Price Index before fees and expenses. If the S&P 500 Price Index return is positive for the outcome period, the strategy is designed to return a multiple of the return of S&P 500 Price Index before fees and expenses. Usually at 1.5 times. Outcome Period is approximately 2+ years. Balanced If the S&P 500 Price Index return is positive for the outcome period, the strategy is designed to track the S&P 500 Price Index before fees and expenses. If the S&P 500 Price Index return is negative for the outcome period, the strategy is designed to return a multiple of the return of S&P 500 Price Index before fees and expenses. Usually at 0.7 times. Outcome Period is approximately 2+ years. Preservation Upside Capped Preservation Upside Capped is an S&P 500 participation strategy combined with an option overlay with the goal to protect against downside loss and participate in market upside to a variable capped percentage. Preservation Upside Participation is an S&P 500 participation strategy combined with an option overlay with the goal to protect against downside loss and participate in market upside at a variable percentage of the S&P 500. Preservation Upside Participation Protection 10 Designed to track the return of the S&P 500 Price Index (up to a predetermined cap) while protecting against any decline greater than 10% of S&P 500 price index at the end of the Outcome Period, before fees and expenses. Outcome Period is approximately 2+ years. Protection High Yield Designed to generate High Yield Income while protecting against any decline greater than 10% of the High Yield index at the end of the Outcome Period, before fees and expenses. Outcome Period is approximately 1+ years. 15  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure Income & Buy the Dip 10% Designed to generate income and track the return of the S&P 500 Price Index below a predetermined amount. Client is exposed to loss beyond the predetermined amount. Predetermined amount is typically -10% and Outcome Period is approximately 1+ quarter. Income & Buy the Dip 20% Designed to generate income and track the return of the S&P 500 Price Index below a predetermined amount. Client is exposed to loss beyond the predetermined amount. Predetermined amount is typically -20% and Outcome Period is approximately 1+ quarter. Premium Income Premium Income is a defined outcome options strategy designed to generate income through dividends and option premiums on the S&P 500 to a cap of 10% over 1 year. Option Overlays – Concentrated Stock and Portfolio Solutions Proxy Hedge Covered Call Goal is to generate income (and maintain partial upside appreciation potential of position) while reducing volatility exposure of an illiquid or otherwise difficult-to- trade concentrated position by generating an independent investment return stream through the systematic sale of call options against a substitute security or an index. Proxy Hedge Collar Goal is to lower the ongoing volatility exposure of an illiquid or otherwise difficult- to-trade concentrated position. This strategy will attempt to apply the income generated through the sale of call options on a substitute security or index towards the purchase of put options on the same substitute security or index on an ongoing basis to provide partial protection against large declines in the value of the concentrated position. Designed to lower the ongoing volatility of a security or a basket of stocks and provide partial protection against large declines in value. Proxy Hedge Put Covered Call Upside Goal is to generate some income (and greater upside appreciation potential of the position) while lowering overall volatility exposure of the concentrated position by generating an independent investment return stream through the systematic sale of call options against the underlying stock position. 16  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure Goal is to maintain significant upside appreciation potential of the position through the systematic purchase of call options against the underlying stock position. The cost of the call options is financed through a corresponding sale of call options against the underlying stock position, thereby capping the maximum return. Covered Call Accelerated Upside Goal is to generate income (and maintain partial upside appreciation potential of position) while lowering overall volatility exposure of the concentrated position by generating an independent investment return stream through the systematic sale of call options against the underlying stock position. Covered Strategic Call Liquidation Covered Call Accelerated Liquidation Goal is to generate income while lowering overall volatility exposure of the concentrated position by generating an independent investment return stream through the systematic sale of an at-the-money call option against the underlying stock position. This strategy is expected to accelerate the timeframe for liquidating the concentrated stock position. Collar Goal is to lower the ongoing volatility exposure of the concentrated stock position. This strategy will attempt to apply the income generated through the sale of call options on the concentrated equity position toward the purchase of put options on the concentrated equity position on an ongoing basis in an attempt to provide partial protection against large declines in the value of the concentrated stock position. Protective Put Protective Put is used to help protect against potential losses in a concentrated stock position. The approach involves buying a put option while simultaneously holding the concentrated stock position. By purchasing a put option, the client gains the ability to sell the stock at the strike price, regardless of how much the stock’s price may decline in the future. Exchange Fund Replication Exchange Fund Replication is an options overlay strategy that helps a client exchange single concentrated stock risk for market risk. This strategy helps protect the existing concentrated position by purchasing put options and financing downside protection by selling call options. The strategy also involves buying call options on a market index to attempt to gain upside exposure and selling put options on that index to help finance that upside exposure. Alternatives in U.S. Premium Equity Income Premium Equity Income is a strategy designed to generate income through large-cap stocks investing dividends and option premiums by complemented with covered call liquidation options. 17  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure Premium Overlay Income is a strategy designed to generate income through option premiums by selling put options on select U.S. large-cap stocks. Premium Overlay Income Tax-Exempt Fixed Income Tax-Exempt Fixed Income is an actively managed investment strategy designed to maximize tax-exempt returns while prioritizing the safety of principal. This approach emphasizes the use of core bonds as the stabilizing foundation of an investment portfolio. To achieve optimal performance, the strategy focuses on mitigating credit risk and minimizing sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations, ensuring a balanced and secure investment environment. Private Investments Private Investments is a long-term separate account strategy focused on capital appreciation. The strategy invests in alternative mutual funds and ETFs with low correlation to major market indices. All positions within this strategy can be expected to have liquidity restrictions making them generally available only once per quarter. Due to share repurchase caps and the potential for repurchase suspensions, access to assets may be limited. Option Strategies Risk Factors: The Strategy may be based upon proprietary option overlay evaluation, trading and execution techniques developed or licensed by NorthCoast and identified and monitored by NorthCoast. NorthCoast will evaluate the liquidity of the option market for the underlying concentrated stock position in consultation with client. Advisor or Subadvisor will continually monitor all option positions and will look to manage the continued rolling forward of positions at maturity or by sale and repurchase of new positions prior to option maturities, and may rely on its proprietary system. Advisor or Subadvisor may use proprietary rules and quantitative analysis to determine when to sell calls and / or purchase puts. In an attempt to manage the risk of options trades, Subadvisor may employ quantitative probability analysis based upon market volatility information or other options investment techniques. Normally, call options sold will be at various "out of the money" (above current price of security) execution or strike prices and different maturities ranging from three to six to nine months. The sale of call options against the underlying stock position generates premium income. This strategy, however, may effectively cap the upside market appreciation of the stock position if its price rises above the option strike price before option maturity. Client understands and acknowledges that this strategy may result in reduced or limited participation in future appreciation of the concentrated stock position. Client also acknowledges and understands that call options can be assigned, meaning part or all of their underlying stock positions could be sold to generate cash to settle options at maturity resulting in the realization of taxable gains. Client also understands that American-style options can be exercised early, requiring the client to sell the specified number of shares of the underlying stock to the buyer of the call option at the time of the exercise. While Advisor or Subadvisor will attempt to manage all options positions to enhance portfolio returns and protect against assignment and the realization of taxable gains and will also attempt to purchase shares for short settlement as described above in the event of assignment, Client 18  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure acknowledges their understanding that no assurances can be made that such taxable gains will not occur. With respect to certain Client accounts, it may be necessary to sell a portion of the underlying stock positions to satisfy expected tax liability, post margin or purchase additional options. The Collar approach will purchase put options on an ongoing basis with the goal of providing partial protection based upon the risk, cost and duration criteria to be determined upon the implementation of the strategy by the Client and as such may be adjusted going forward. The Collar will attempt to balance the call option premium over time versus put option expense. Client understands and acknowledges that the relationship between price movements of securities and various put and call options on the same security may vary greatly and that no assurances can be made that the perceived protection to be provided when a put option is purchased will actually result. In addition, declines in portfolio values may result even when the stock price is stable or rising due to the decline of option values as they decay in value as they approach maturity. Maintaining the desired level of protection through time will require an occasional rebalancing of the option positions. Depending on client’s access to margin account, option trading level permissions and extreme market conditions, rebalancing transactions may cause the client to temporarily deviate from the target level of protection. The decision to purchase Put options will be solely at the direction of the Client, in consultation with Advisor and Subadvisor, when choosing the Collar strategy. The Collar approach will not necessarily purchase put options on an ongoing basis but selectively with the goal of providing partial protection based upon the risk, cost and duration criteria to be determined upon the implementation of the strategy by the Client and as such may be adjusted going forward. The goal of the Collar is to provide selective, partial protection against large declines in value of the underlying security while attempting to provide a positive net income of call option premium over time versus put option expense. A Collar strategy involves applying the income generated through the sale of call options to pay for the desired level of put protection. Client understands and acknowledges that the relationship between price movements of securities and various put and call options on the same security may vary greatly and that no assurances can be made that the perceived protection to be provided when a put option is purchased will actually result. Put options are often more expensive than comparable call options. As a result, the sale of call options (risking the loss of part of or all of potential price appreciation of the security) to generate premium income often does not result in enough income to pay for the put protection on the entire stock position. In addition, declines in portfolio values may result even when the stock price is stable or rising due to the decline of option values as they decay in value as they approach maturity. Client accounts will typically include: • Holding concentrated stock position • Sale of Call Options (attempt to generate short term capital gains) against concentrated equity position or substitute security or index. Calls may be repurchased prior to maturity or be allowed to expire at maturity. • Purchase of Protective Put Options – usually laddered over several expiration dates (attempt to create the limited downside protection) against concentrated equity positions or substitute security or index. Puts may be repurchased prior to maturity or be allowed to expire at maturity. • Strategic selling of client concentrated stock position (if elected) Options change the risk profile of the portfolio. The sale of Call options may effectively cap the total upside of the Stock position, entail possible loss of principal in a rising market and can offset 19  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure gains in the long Stock position. The purchase of Puts entails an expense and can be a drag on portfolio returns. Account Considerations The Strategy may not be able to be deployed in the same manner in either an IRA or a non-IRA account. The Strategy does not use margin to borrow or create any actual portfolio leverage. However, the Strategy does use options and options can be used to create ‘implied leverage’. Implied leverage is when you use an option to control more shares than you could control just buying the underlying security. The collar does not use options to create implied leverage. Generally, a margin account is required to trade options. Subadvisor is responsible for the placing of all purchase and sale orders in the Client’s segregated account and providing instructions concerning the delivery of cash or securities for the settlement of option trades. Client should consult with their tax advisor to address the income tax consequences of options trading strategies. Client also acknowledges their responsibility to notify Subadvisor and Advisor in writing of any restrictions or prohibited transactions related to the concentrated securities in their account. Defined Outcome Strategies Risk Factors Outcome Period The Initial Outcome Period is approximately 1-year long for the buffered strategies and Preservation High Yield strategy, 1-quarter long for the Income & Buy the Dip strategy, and greater than 2 years otherwise, from the Client’s onboarding until the date at which the next Outcome Period begins. Following the Initial Outcome Period, each subsequent Outcome Period will begin on the day new options positions are implemented in the account. The Strategy will not automatically terminate after the conclusion of the Outcome Period. After the conclusion of an Outcome Period, another Outcome Period will begin. Strategy Parameters Upside participation, downside participation/protection, and buffer levels are fixed for the Outcome Period and should be considered before investing in the Strategy. The Cap and downside participation/protection will change based upon prevailing market conditions at the beginning of each Outcome Period. The Buffer reference points may rise or fall from one Outcome Period to the next. The Strategy cap represents the maximum return available, before fees and expenses, if held to the end of the current Outcome Period. This means that if the S&P 500 Price Index experiences gains for the Outcome Period beyond the Cap, a Client will not realize those excess gains. The cap does not imply the Strategy will achieve its maximum potential return. The benchmark index may need to rise higher or lower than the stated cap. The S&P 500 Price Index does not provide for dividends, as such the Options on the Index do not provide for upside exposure to dividends. Similarly, the buffer that the Strategy seeks to provide is only operative against the percentage (i.e., 10%, 20% after the initial 5%) of S&P 500 Price Index losses for the applicable Strategy’s Outcome Period. Once the buffer has been breached, the Strategy can lose value significantly. The buffer may not be realized on a 1:1 basis compared to the benchmark index. 20  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure The preservation strategies are designed to offer protection, before fees and expenses, against losses in excess of a predetermined percentage of the S&P 500 Price Index or High Yield Index losses for the applicable Strategy’s Outcome Period. This predetermined percentage of the S&P 500 Price Index or High Yield Index losses changes based upon prevailing market conditions at the beginning of each Outcome Period. Similarly, for the growth and balanced strategy the parameters change based upon prevailing market conditions at the beginning of each Outcome period. Intra-Period and Correlation Risks It is important to note that Clients allocated to the Strategy for less than the entire Outcome period will experience different results that deviate from the projected outcome. The strategy seeks to meet the objectives for an entire Outcome Period and the objectives are likely to be met only at the end of the Outcome Period. The value of the Strategy account might fluctuate intra-Period and may not be identical to the End-of-Period pattern, but moves toward it as the Period progresses. Intra-period, the options value is based on a daily mark to market, which may result in an intra-Period value deviating from the End-of-Period value. Depending upon market conditions at the time of purchase, a Client who adds or withdraws from the account after the Outcome Period has begun may also lose their entire investment. For instance, if the Outcome Period has begun and the Strategy has decreased in value beyond the pre- determined percentage buffer, a Client may not benefit from the buffer. Similarly, if the Outcome Period has begun and the Strategy has increased in value, a Client adding to the strategy may not benefit from the buffer until the Index value has decreased to its value at the commencement of the Outcome Period. Minimum Account Size, Increments and Rounding Risk Option contracts typically give exposure to a certain quantity of underlying. In the case of S&P 500 Price Index options, one contract gives notional exposure to 100 times the Index; it has a contract multiplier of $100. At the end of an Outcome Period, ETF/Mutual Fund holdings might need to be liquidated to offset any remaining option positions. The ending value of the account might not coincide with the minimum account size or increments as it might have at the beginning of the Outcome Period. Rounding can thus occur for the next Outcome Period while it was not in effect for the previous Outcome Period. In the case of SPY ETF Options, the minimums are lower than SPX index options by approximately a factor of 10. This is because the price of SPX is approximately 10 times that of SPY. The information provided here is for illustration purposes only and with the market conditions and time the min values shall change. In addition to the minimums mentioned above, NorthCoast could employ a minimum account value requirement, which is independent of the market conditions and type of options employed. Option Contract Availability, Liquidity and Settlement At the beginning of a new Outcome Period, Option contract availability can limit optimal implementation of the Strategy. Advisor will determine alternative choices and may adjust some parameters of the strategy including but not limiting to: length of Outcome Period, Buffer Amount, Start of Buffer, Cap Amount, type of options, choice of underlying. 21  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure In the event that trading in the underlying Options is limited or absent, the value of the Options may decrease. There is no guarantee that a liquid secondary trading market will exist for the Options. The trading in Options may be less deep and liquid than the market for certain other securities. A less liquid trading market may adversely affect the value of the Options. At the end of an Outcome Period, lack of liquidity can negatively affect the Strategy during its normal course of trading. Such issues can trigger delays in the start of the new Outcome Period, options might be required to be settled at maturity, requiring unexpected liquidation of other holdings in the account. ETF Risks The Strategy may rely on ETFs. ETFs face numerous market trading risks, including the potential lack of an active market for Strategy, losses from trading in secondary markets, periods of high volatility and disruption in the creation/redemption process. ETFs may trade at a premium or discount to their net asset value. ETFs are bought and sold at market price and not individually redeemed from the Strategy. Mutual Fund Risks The strategy may rely on Passive Mutual funds. Passive Mutual funds face numerous risks such as, but not limited to, market trading risks, market volatility, Issuer-specific changes, correlation to Index, passive management risk and securities lending risk. An investment in the fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. You could lose money by investing in the fund. Mutual funds are traded end of day vs intraday trading for options. This can create a mismatch and can create additional losses. Any difference between the dividends received from the mutual fund and the underlying index can negatively influence the outcome of the strategy. Dividend Risk Dividend payments may fluctuate as market conditions change. The strategy relies on future dividend payments to determine an upside cap. Any difference between expected dividends and dividends received can negatively impact the outcome of the strategy. Also, any difference between the dividends received from the mutual fund and the underlying index can negatively influence the outcome of the strategy. Account Considerations, Borrowing and Leverage The Strategy may not be able to be deployed in the same manner in accounts with restrictions (IRA accounts). The Strategy does use options and options can be used to create ‘implied leverage’. Implied leverage is when you use an option to control more shares than you could control just buying the underlying security. Generally, a margin account is required to trade options. The Strategy may borrow money, use margin or leverage. Any such measures are intended to be temporary. However, under certain market conditions, including periods of customer cash withdrawal, low demand or decreased liquidity, such measures might be outstanding for longer periods of time. The strategy can face margin calls or other arbitrary risk limits from the custodian, 22  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure forcing the Strategy to be partially or fully liquidated before the end of the period. Such disposal of assets can occur on unfavorable terms. The Buffer strategy and Preservation Max 10 cannot be implemented in an IRA. Other strategies such as Growth, Balanced and Preservation no cap, Preservation High Yield, Income & Buy the Dip could be implemented in an IRA with several limitations. These strategies rely on future expected dividends to finance the purchase of options. Typically, the financing happens through margin and later is paid back through dividends received. Please look at our Dividend risk section of this document for more details on this. However, IRA accounts are not permitted to operate on margin. Due to this limitation, the account is required to hold the expected future dividends in cash to finance the options. Typically for a 2+ years outcome period, the estimated dividends can be more than 6% of the account value. In case the initial cash is not available the advisor might sell the S&P 500 equivalent ETF or mutual fund that is held in the account. Also, the client acknowledges not to sell any securities that are managed by the advisor and in an event the client sells any securities managed by the advisor, the client assumes full responsibility of any consequences. Options on Indices and/or ETF’s The Options in which the Strategy invests could be options on an index, the S&P 500 Price Return Index (the “S&P 500 Price Index”), or options on an ETF, SPY (S&P 500 ETF) HYG (iBoxx High Yield Corporate Bond ETF). An index or an ETF fluctuates with changes in the market values of the securities included in the index or ETF. Options on indices give the holder the right to receive an amount of cash upon exercise of the option. Receipt of this cash amount will depend upon the closing level of the index upon which the option is based being greater than (in the case of a call) or less than (in the case of put) the exercise price of the option. Options on ETF’s give the holder the right to receive an amount of shares of the ETF upon exercise of the option. Options on ETF’s can be exercised by the holder at any time before the expiration. Client also acknowledges and understands this assignment might terminate earlier the Outcome Period and might influence the nature of the Outcome, along with a potential realization of taxable gains. Each of the options exchanges has established limitations governing the maximum number of call or put options on the same index or the same ETF that may be bought or written by a single Client, whether acting alone or in concert with others (regardless of whether such options are written on the same or different exchanges or are held or written on one or more accounts or through one or more brokers). Under these limitations, option positions of all customers advised by Advisor are combined for purposes of these limits. Pursuant to these limitations, an exchange may order the liquidation of positions and may impose other sanctions or restrictions. These positions limits may restrict the number of listed options that Advisor may buy or sell. Puts and calls on indices are similar to puts and calls on securities except that all settlements are in cash and gain or loss depends on changes in the index in question rather than on price movements in individual securities. Puts and calls on ETFs are similar to puts and calls on securities except that gain or loss depends on changes in the ETF price in question rather than on price movements in individual securities. 23  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure Risks of Options on Indices and/or ETF’s Positions in equity options can reduce equity market risk, but can limit the opportunity to profit from an increase in the market value of stocks in exchange for upfront cash at the time of selling the call option. Unusual market conditions or the lack of a ready market for any particular option at a specific time may reduce the effectiveness of option strategies and could result in losses. Utilizing a strategy with a diversified equity portfolio and derivatives, with a Put/Spread Collar options overlay, may not provide greater market protection than other equity investments nor reduce volatility to the desired extent, as unusual market conditions or the lack of a ready option market could result in losses. Derivatives expose the Strategy to risks of mispricing or improper valuation and the Strategy may not realize intended benefits due to underperformance. When used for hedging, the change in value of a derivative may not correlate as expected with the risk being hedged. Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments (non-principal investment). The Strategy may invest in short-term instruments, including money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. Alternative Investments Alternative investments are appropriate only for clients who are prepared to invest funds for which they will have no near-term liquidity need. While certain alternative investments offer quarterly liquidity, the ability to redeem the investment is not guaranteed. Alternative investments are considered illiquid and investors should not expect to be able to sell their shares. In addition, investors who are able to sell their shares may receive a redemption price that is materially lower than the net asset value previously provided in statements from the investment manager. With any alternative investment, clients should only invest an amount they are prepared to lose. There is the possibility that the investment will produce no return at all or a loss of all or a portion of the client’s investment. Alternative investments are speculative and often use leverage, which will magnify any losses. Each alternative investment has an offering document containing a detailed written description of the risks and fees and expenses associated with the investment. Clients are encouraged to review these documents carefully. General Risk Factors NorthCoast has developed and implemented trading programs which were built using the combined experience and training of its employees. No single employee has the sole responsibility for determining securities investment advice. NorthCoast requires that those employees involved in determining or giving investment advice to clients are knowledgeable and experienced in the use of these systems. While research is thorough, clients must be prepared for the risk of loss. All investments in securities risk the loss of capital. In addition, we identify four principal types of risk: 1) Risk that the stock market declines or the price of individual securities decline while the true long-term value of the company may be unchanged or possibly even higher; 2) Faulty analysis; 3) External events negatively affecting the value of a specific company; and 24  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure 4) Fraud, in which case no amount of analysis could have been sufficient. Cybersecurity The computer systems, networks and devices used by NorthCoast and service providers to us and our clients to carry out routine business operations employ a variety of protections designed to prevent damage or interruption from computer viruses, network failures, computer and telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons and security breaches. Despite the various protections utilized, systems, networks, or devices potentially can be breached. A client could be negatively impacted as a result of a cybersecurity breach. otherwise disrupt operations, processes, or website access Cybersecurity breaches can include unauthorized access to systems, networks, or devices; infection from computer viruses or other malicious software code; and attacks that shut down, disable, slow, or or business functionality. Cybersecurity breaches may cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses to a client; impediments to trading; the inability by us and other service providers to transact business; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs; as well as the inadvertent release of confidential information. Similar adverse consequences could result from cybersecurity breaches affecting issuers of securities in which a client invests; governmental and other regulatory authorities; exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, and other financial institutions; and other parties. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred by these entities in order to prevent any cybersecurity breaches in the future. Item 9 – Disciplinary Information There have been no disciplinary actions or events regarding NorthCoast or any of its employees. Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations Focus Financial Partners As noted above in response to Item 4, certain investment vehicles affiliated with CD&R collectively are indirect majority owners of Focus LLC, and certain investment vehicles affiliated with Stone Point are indirect owners of Focus LLC. Because Kovitz is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Focus LLC, CD&R and Stone Point investment vehicles are indirect owners of Kovitz. UPTIQ Credit and Cash Management Solutions We offer clients the option of obtaining certain financial solutions from unaffiliated third-party financial institutions through UPTIQ Treasury & Credit Solutions, LLC (together with UPTIQ, Inc. and its affiliates, “UPTIQ”). These third-party financial institutions are banks and non-banks that offer credit and cash management solutions to our clients, as well as certain other unaffiliated third parties that provide administrative and settlement services to facilitate UPTIQ’s cash management solutions. UPTIQ acts as an intermediary to facilitate our clients’ access to these credit and cash management solutions. 25  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure We are a wholly owned subsidiary of Focus Financial Partners, LLC (“Focus”). Focus is a minority investor in UPTIQ, Inc. UPTIQ is compensated by sharing in the revenue earned by such third- party financial institutions for serving our clients. The revenue paid to UPTIQ also benefits UPTIQ, Inc.’s investors, including Focus. When legally permissible, UPTIQ also shares a portion of this earned revenue with our affiliate, Focus Solutions Holdings, LLC (“FSH”). For securities-backed lines of credit (“SBLOCs”) made to our clients, UPTIQ will share with FSH up to 75% of all revenue it receives from such third-party financial institutions. For other loans (except residential mortgage loans) made to our clients, UPTIQ will share with FSH up to 25% of all revenue it receives from such third-party financial institutions. For cash management products and services provided to our clients, UPTIQ will share with FSH up to 33% of all revenue it receives from the third-party financial institutions and other intermediaries that provide administrative and settlement services in connection with this program. Although the amount of these revenue-sharing payments to FSH is not charged directly in the calculation of the interest rate paid by clients on credit solutions facilitated by UPTIQ or the yield earned by clients on cash management solutions facilitated by UPTIQ, the compensation earned by UPTIQ is an expense of the third-party financial institutions that informs the interest rate paid by clients on credit solutions and the yield earned by clients on cash management solutions. FSH distributes this revenue to us when we are licensed to receive such revenue (or when no such license is required) and the distribution is not otherwise legally prohibited. This revenue is also revenue for FSH’s and our common parent company, Focus. Additionally, the volume generated by our clients’ transactions allows Focus to negotiate better terms with UPTIQ, which benefits Focus and us. Accordingly, we have a conflict of interest when recommending UPTIQ’s services to clients because of the compensation to us and to our affiliates, FSH and Focus, and the transaction volume to UPTIQ. We mitigate this conflict by: (1) fully and fairly disclosing the material facts concerning the above arrangements to our clients, including in this Brochure; and (2) offering UPTIQ’s solutions to clients on a strictly nondiscretionary and fully disclosed basis, and not as part of any discretionary investment services. Additionally, we note that clients who use UPTIQ’s services will receive product-specific disclosures from the third-party financial institutions and other unaffiliated third-party intermediaries that provide services to our clients. We have an additional conflict of interest when we recommend credit solutions to our clients because our interest in continuing to receive investment advisory fees from client accounts gives us a financial incentive to recommend that clients borrow money rather than liquidate some or all of the assets we manage. Credit Solutions Clients retain the right to pledge assets in accounts generally, subject to any restrictions imposed by clients’ custodians. While credit solution programs that we offer facilitate secured loans through third-party financial institutions, clients are free instead to work directly with institutions outside such programs. Because of the limited number of participating third-party financial institutions, clients may be limited in their ability to obtain as favorable loan terms as if the client were to work directly with other banks to negotiate loan terms or obtain other financial arrangements. Clients should also understand that pledging assets in an account to secure a loan involves additional risk and restrictions. A third-party financial institution has the authority to liquidate all or part of the pledged securities at any time, without prior notice to clients and without their consent, to maintain required collateral levels. The third-party financial institution also has the right to call client loans and require repayment within a short period of time; if the client cannot repay the loan within the specified time period, the third-party financial institution will have the right to force the sale of pledged assets to repay those loans. Selling assets to maintain collateral levels or calling 26  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure loans may result in asset sales and realized losses in a declining market, leading to the permanent loss of capital. These sales also may have adverse tax consequences. Interest payments and any other loan-related fees are borne by clients and are in addition to the advisory fees that clients pay us for managing assets, including assets that are pledged as collateral. The returns on pledged assets may be less than the account fees and interest paid by the account. Clients should consider carefully and skeptically any recommendation to pursue a more aggressive investment strategy in order to support the cost of borrowing, particularly the risks and costs of any such strategy. More generally, before borrowing funds, a client should carefully review the loan agreement, loan application, and other forms and determine that the loan is consistent with the client’s long-term financial goals and presents risks consistent with the client’s financial circumstances and risk tolerance. We use UPTIQ to facilitate credit solutions for our clients. Cash Management Solutions For cash management programs, certain third-party intermediaries provide administrative and settlement services to our clients. Engaging the third-party financial institutions and other intermediaries to provide cash management solutions does not alter the manner in which we treat cash for billing purposes. Clients should understand that in rare circumstances, depending on interest rates and other economic and market factors, the yields on cash management solutions could be lower than the aggregate fees and expenses charged by the third-party financial institutions, the intermediaries referenced above, and us. Consequently, in these rare circumstances, a client could experience a negative overall investment return with respect to those cash investments. Nonetheless, it might still be reasonable for a client to participate in a cash management program if the client prefers to hold cash at the third-party financial institutions rather than at other financial institutions (e.g., to take advantage of FDIC insurance). We use UPTIQ to facilitate cash management solutions for our clients. Focus Risk Solutions We help our clients obtain certain insurance solutions by introducing clients to our affiliate, Focus Risk Solutions, LLC (“FRS”), a wholly owned subsidiary of our parent company, Focus Financial Partners, LLC (“Focus”). FRS assists our clients with regulated insurance sales activity by advising our clients on insurance matters and placing insurance products for them and/or referring our clients to certain third-party insurance brokers (the “Brokers”), with whom FRS has agreements, which either separately or together with FRS place insurance products for them. If FRS places an insurance product or refers one of our clients to a Broker and there is a subsequent purchase of insurance through the Broker, then FRS will receive a portion of the upfront and/or ongoing commissions associated with the sale by the insurance carrier with which the policy was placed. The amount of revenue earned by FRS for the sale of these insurance products will vary over time in response to market conditions and will also differ based on the type of insurance product sold and which Broker placed the policy. The amount of insurance commission revenue earned by FRS is considered for purposes of determining the amount of additional compensation that certain of our financial professionals are 27  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure entitled to receive. This revenue is also revenue for our and FRS’s common parent company, Focus. Additionally, in exchange for allowing certain of the Brokers to participate in the FRS platform and, thereby, to offer their services to our clients and certain of our affiliates’ clients, FRS receives periodic fees (the “Platform Fees”) from such Brokers. The Platform Fees are expected to change over time. Such Platform Fees are revenue for FRS and, ultimately, for our common parent company, Focus, but we do not share in such revenue. FRS also indirectly benefits from our clients’ use of the services insofar as such use incentivizes the Brokers to maintain their relationship with FRS and to continue paying Platform Fees to FRS, which could also support increases in the overall amount of the Platform Fee rates in the future. Accordingly, we have a conflict of interest when recommending FRS’s services to clients because of the compensation to certain of our financial professionals and to our affiliates, FRS and Focus. We address this conflict by: (1) fully and fairly disclosing the material facts concerning the above arrangements to our clients, including in this Brochure; (2) offering FRS solutions to clients on a strictly nondiscretionary and fully disclosed basis, and not as part of any discretionary investment services; and (3) not sharing in any portion of the Platform Fees. Additionally, we note that clients who use FRS’s services will receive product-specific disclosure from the Brokers and insurance carriers and other unaffiliated third-party intermediaries that provide services to our clients. The insurance premium is ultimately dictated by the insurance carrier, although in some circumstances the Brokers or FRS may have the ability to influence an insurance carrier to lower the premium of the policy. The final rate may be higher or lower than the prevailing market rate, and may be higher than if the policy was purchased directly through the Broker without the assistance of FRS. We can offer no assurances that the rates offered to you by the insurance carrier are the lowest possible rates available in the marketplace. We have been retained by other Focus partner firms through a subadvisory agreement in order to provide investment subadvisory services to certain clients of these Focus partner firms. We provide these services to such clients pursuant to a subadvisory agreement and in exchange for a fee paid by Focus partner firms’s clients. Focus partner firms, like us, is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Focus LLC and is therefore under common control with us. The allocation of Focus partner firms’ clients’ assets to us pursuant to a subadvisory arrangement, rather than to an unaffiliated investment manager, increases our compensation and the revenue to Focus LLC, relative to a situation in which Focus partner firms’ clients’ assets are managed by an unaffiliated manager. As a consequence, Focus LLC has a financial incentive to encourage Focus partner firms to recommend that a portion of their clients’ assets be subadvised by us, which creates a conflict of interest with those Focus partner firm clients who are subadvised by us. More information about Focus LLC can be found at www.focusfinancialpartners.com. We believe this conflict is mitigated because of the following factors: (1) our retention as a subadviser is based on Focus partner firms’ judgment that such retention is in the best interest of its affected clients; (2) we have met the due diligence standards that these Focus partner firms apply to outside investment managers; (3) these Focus partner firms are willing and able to terminate our services, in part or in whole, if our services become unsatisfactory in the judgment of, and at the sole discretion of, each of the Focus partner firms; and (4) we have fully and fairly disclosed the material facts regarding this relationship, including in this Brochure, to the Focus partner firm clients for whom we act as subadviser, and such clients have therefore given their informed consent to this conflict. 28  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS Kovitz and the following companies are both advisory firms owned by Focus LLC. Kovitz and these companies have an agreement in place whereby NorthCoast serves as a subadvisor for certain clients. Generally, NorthCoast is responsible for managing the accounts, upon engagement, when hired by a below company and receives a portion of the advisory fee paid to the referring company. The referral of clients to NorthCoast, rather than to an unaffiliated investment adviser, increases the Kovitz's compensation and the revenue to Focus LLC relative to a situation in which these companies referred these clients to an unaffiliated investment adviser. As a consequence, Focus LLC has a financial incentive to cause the companies to refer certain clients to NorthCoast, which creates a conflict of interest with those clients who agree to leverage NorthCoast’s investment management. • Cardinal Point Capital Management, ULC (“Cardinal Point”) • Badgley Phelps Wealth Managers, LLC (“Badgley Phelps”) • Cornerstone Wealth Group, LLC (“Cornerstone”) • Focus Partners Wealth, LLC (“FPW”) Item 11 – Code of Ethics, Participation in Client Transactions and Personal Trading Kovitz has adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Code”) pursuant to SEC Rule 204A-1, which requires each employee to comply with all applicable federal and state laws and regulations. The Code makes clear that business will be conducted consistent with the highest standards of commercial honor and just and equitable principles of trade. The trust of NorthCoast customers and the firm's reputation are of paramount importance. To that end, although employees are entitled to invest in the same securities that clients may hold, the Code requires each employee to avoid any action that results in a conflict of interest with the firm and its clients, prohibits outside business activities without the consent of Compliance department, prohibits trading on the basis of material non-public information and prohibits accepting extravagant gifts or entertainment from the firm’s business relationships. Employees are required to report all personal securities transactions to the firm, are not permitted to participate in initial public offerings, and must obtain the approval of the Compliance department to participate in any private offering. The Code must be read, acknowledged and agreed to annually by every employee. The objective of the Code is to subject all business dealings and securities transactions undertaken by personnel, whether for clients or for personal purposes, to the highest ethical standards. NorthCoast personnel are expected to use fundamental principles of openness, integrity, honesty and trust. The Code requires that personnel protect the confidentiality of the information about the firm and its clients, act appropriately as a fiduciary toward clients, avoid any illegal or unethical activities, avoid conflicts of interest and comply with the personal trading policy, which is part of the Code. The firm provides its Code of Ethics to any client or prospective client upon request. Item 12 – Brokerage Practices In most cases, NorthCoast does not select broker-dealers for client transactions in individually 29  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure managed accounts. In the rare event that NorthCoast is asked to recommend broker-dealers, clients must approve the recommendation which is based upon the execution capabilities and performance and commission rates to be paid, which will vary from broker to broker. With few exceptions, clients use the brokerage services of Fidelity Brokerage Services, Morgan Stanley, Oppenheimer, Wells Fargo, Stifel- Nicolaus & Company, Inc, UBS, RBC Wealth Management, Raymond James, TD Ameritrade, BNY, Pershing, BTIG, Instinet, Barclays Capital, BTIG, JP Morgan, Macquarie, and Charles Schwab. , each a member FINRA/SIPC. Per NorthCoast policy, no commissions are used to pay for research or any other services. NorthCoast evaluates brokers by considering the ability of a broker to provide trading platforms relevant to accounts they will custody, the broker’s client service ability, and the reasonableness of the fees it charges. Reasonableness of fees is determined by comparing fees charged by a broker to market providers for similar services. NorthCoast does not publish research reports or sell newsletters nor does it charge for financial planning, however, it does work with clients’ accountants and attorneys when appropriate to discuss estate planning, generation skipping and tax efficiency. NorthCoast does not engage in other business activities. NorthCoast has no soft dollar or research arrangements. Our goal is to obtain best execution for each client transaction. While quality of execution at the best price is an important determinant, best execution does not necessarily mean lowest/highest price (whether buying/selling) and it is not the sole consideration. NorthCoast considers a number of factors and may opt to trade through broker/dealers that execute with mark-ups/mark-downs that are reflected in the buy/sell price within the client account. Item 13 – Review of Accounts NorthCoast receives periodic reports and monthly summaries from the various custodians. Frank Ingarra, Chief Operating Officer, and Megan Hall, Senior Vice President, Operations, are responsible for review of client accounts. By use of internal exception reports, designated firm persons review all accounts at various intervals and more frequently if (1) new transactions have been entered into for the account, (2) any discrepancy appears in daily reconciliation of the account’s activities, or (3) there is a client inquiry. Daily reconciliations are performed by the operations personnel and results are organized to isolate any individual account problems that may arise for review by Ms. Hall or Mr. Ingarra. NorthCoast may provide a monthly or quarterly (depending on specific client agreement) report showing the percentage performance of the account. Also, a monthly or quarterly client report shows the net asset value at the end of the period and advisory fees charged for the period. Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation NorthCoast has written agreements with certain registered broker-dealers, registered investment advisers and other persons to compensate them for soliciting clients. All such solicited clients acknowledge any fee-sharing arrangement as well as receipt of the NorthCoast ADV Part 2 when executing an Investment Advisory Agreement. Kovitz’s parent company is Focus Financial Partners, LLC (“Focus”). From time to time, Focus 30  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure holds partnership meetings and other industry and best-practices conferences, which typically include Kovitz, other Focus firms and external attendees. These meetings are first and foremost intended to provide training or education to personnel of Focus firms, including NorthCoast. However, the meetings do provide sponsorship opportunities for asset managers, asset custodians, vendors and other third-party service providers. Sponsorship fees allow these companies to advertise their products and services to Focus firms, including NorthCoast. Although the participation of Focus firm personnel in these meetings is not preconditioned on the achievement of a sales target for any conference sponsor, this practice could nonetheless be deemed a conflict as the marketing and education activities conducted, and the access granted, at such meetings and conferences could cause NorthCoast to focus on those conference sponsors in the course of its duties. Focus attempts to mitigate any such conflict by allocating the sponsorship fees only to defraying the cost of the meeting or future meetings and not as revenue for itself or any affiliate, including Kovitz. Conference sponsorship fees are not dependent on assets placed with any specific provider or revenue generated by such asset placement. The following entities have provided conference sponsorship to Focus from January 1, 2024 to February 1, 2025: • Advent Software, Inc. (includes SS&C) • BlackRock, Inc. • Blackstone Administrative Services Partnership L.P. • Capital Integration Systems LLC (CAIS) • Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. • Confluence Technologies Inc. • Eaton Vance Distributors, Inc. (includes Parametric Portfolio Associates) • Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC and Fidelity Distributors Company LLC (includes Fidelity Institutional Asset Management and FIAM) • Flourish Financial LLC • Franklin Distributors, LLC (includes O’Shaughnessy Asset Management, L.L.C. (OSAM) and CANVAS) • K&L Gates LLP • Nuveen Securities, LLC • Orion Advisor Technology, LLC • Pinegrove Capital Partners LLC (includes Brookfield Oaktree Wealth Solutions) • Practifi, Inc. • Salus GRC, LLC • Stone Ridge Asset Management LLC • The Vanguard Group, Inc. • TriState Capital Bank • UPTIQ, Inc. You can access updates to the list of conference sponsors on Focus’ website through the following link: https://www.focusfinancialpartners.com/conference-sponsors Participation in Fidelity Wealth Advisor Solutions®. NorthCoast participates in the Fidelity Wealth Advisor Solutions® Program (the “WAS Program”), through which NorthCoast receives referrals from Strategic Advisers LLC (Strategic Advisers), a registered investment adviser and Fidelity Investments company. NorthCoast is independent and not affiliated with Strategic Advisers or any Fidelity Investments company. Strategic Advisers does not supervise or control NorthCoast, and Strategic Advisers has no responsibility or oversight for NorthCoast’s provision 31  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure of investment management or other advisory services. Under the WAS Program, Strategic Advisers acts as a solicitor for NorthCoast, and NorthCoast pays referral fees to Strategic Advisers for each referral received based on NorthCoast’s assets under management attributable to each client referred by Strategic Advisers or members of each client’s household. The WAS Program is designed to help investors find an independent investment adviser, and any referral from Strategic Advisers to NorthCoast does not constitute a recommendation by Strategic Advisers of NorthCoast’s particular investment management services or strategies. More specifically, NorthCoast pays the following amounts to Strategic Advisers for referrals: the sum of (i) an annual percentage of 0.10% of any and all assets in client accounts where such assets are identified as “fixed income” assets by Strategic Advisers and (ii) an annual percentage of 0.25% of all other assets held in client accounts. In addition, NorthCoast has agreed to pay Strategic Advisers an annual program fee of $50,000 to participate in the WAS Program. These referral fees are paid by NorthCoast, not by the client. To receive referrals from the WAS Program, NorthCoast must meet certain minimum participation criteria, but NorthCoast may have been selected for participation in the WAS Program as a result of its other business relationships with Strategic Advisers and its affiliates, including Fidelity Brokerage Services, LLC (“FBS”). As a result of its participation in the WAS Program, NorthCoast may have a potential conflict of interest with respect to its decision to use certain affiliates of Strategic Advisers, including FBS, for execution, custody and clearing for certain client accounts, and NorthCoast may have a potential incentive to suggest the use of FBS and its affiliates to its advisory clients, whether or not those clients were referred to NorthCoast as part of the WAS Program. Under an agreement with Strategic Advisers, NorthCoast has agreed that it will not charge clients more than the standard range of advisory fees disclosed in its Form ADV Part 2A Brochure to cover solicitation fees paid to Strategic Advisers as part of the WAS Program. Pursuant to these arrangements, NorthCoast has agreed not to solicit clients to transfer their brokerage accounts from affiliates of Strategic Advisers or establish brokerage accounts at other custodians for referred clients other than when NorthCoast’s fiduciary duties would so require, and NorthCoast has agreed to pay Strategic Advisers a one-time fee equal to 0.75% of the assets in a client account that is transferred from Strategic Advisers’ affiliates to another custodian; therefore, NorthCoast may have an incentive to suggest that referred clients and their household members maintain custody of their accounts with affiliates of Strategic Advisers However, participation in the WAS Program does not limit NorthCoast’s duty to select brokers on the basis of best execution. NorthCoast also has agreements with other solicitors, who have our permission to present our programs to potential investors who might not otherwise know about our services, in return for a portion of our management fee. In all cases NorthCoast has a solicitation agreement with such individuals and requires that they provide any prospect with our ADV Brochure, and obtain a signed acknowledgement that the prospect is aware of the fee sharing arrangement. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS The following companies are advisory firms owned by Focus LLC. Kovitz and these companies have an agreement in place whereby NorthCoast serves as a subadvisor for certain clients. The affiliation between NorthCoast and these companies is disclosed to the clients referred to NorthCoast. 32  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure • Cardinal Point Capital Management, ULC (“Cardinal Point”) • Badgley Phelps Wealth Managers, LLC (“Badgley Phelps”) • Cornerstone Wealth Group, LLC (“Cornerstone”) • Focus Partners Wealth, LLC (“FPW”) Item 15 – Custody Kovitz’s agreement and/or the separate agreement with any financial institution may authorize NorthCoast through such financial institution to debit the client’s account for the amount of NorthCoast’s fee and to directly remit that management fee to NorthCoast in accordance with applicable custody rules. All client account assets are held by a qualified custodian. These qualified custodians will deliver directly to clients monthly or quarterly account statements summarizing the activity in their accounts and return on their investments. These reports are in addition to the statements clients receive directly from NorthCoast. NorthCoast urges clients to carefully review the statement received from the qualified custodians and compare those to the reports received from NorthCoast. Item 16 – Investment Discretion Virtually, all client assets are managed on a discretionary basis. Clients opening accounts are required to execute an investment advisory agreement that, among other things, grants NorthCoast the authority to manage their assets on a discretionary basis. Clients must establish their own custodial arrangements if they do not wish to use the custodian NorthCoast suggests and provide the custodian with a letter granting NorthCoast the authority to manage their assets. NorthCoast clients can ask to use a broker other than one suggested by NorthCoast by opening a brokerage account with the broker of their choice and providing NorthCoast with written instructions that includes account information. Clients wishing to restrict their accounts from holding certain companies or types of companies must provide written instructions containing a list of the relevant restrictions. All restrictions are handled on a ‘best efforts’ basis. Item 17 – Voting Client Securities NorthCoast has retained the services of Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. (“Broadridge”), an independent proxy-voting service provider, to provide research, recommendations and other proxy voting services for client proxies. Absent a determination by NorthCoast to override Broadridge’s guidelines and/or recommendations, we will vote all client proxies in accordance with Broadridge guidelines and recommendations which, per their policies, vote all proxies in the best economic interest of our clients. NorthCoast also retains Broadridge for its turn- key voting agent service to administer its proxy voting operation. As such, Broadridge is responsible for submitting all proxies in a timely manner and for maintaining appropriate records of proxy votes. NorthCoast has established a Proxy Committee consisting of three of its principals who have a broad range of experience in the financial services industry to periodically review these policies and procedures. Additionally, in the event that Broadridge is unable to complete/provide its research regarding a security on a timely basis or NorthCoast has made a determination that it is in the best interests of its clients for NorthCoast to vote the proxy, the Proxy Committee will determine how to vote that proxy. 33  NorthCoast Asset Management Disclosure Brochure NorthCoast has engaged Broadridge Global Security Class Actions to handle all class action litigation on behalf of NorthCoast accounts. Item 18 – Financial Information NorthCoast derives all of its income from advisory fees as detailed above. The firm does not have any outside or conflicting business interests, nor do its principals or employees hold directorships or board seats in any other businesses. No balance sheet is needed as no advance fees over $1200 are collected. 34