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ITEM 1:
COVER SHEET
FORM ADV PART 2A
INFORMATIONAL BROCHURE
366 Walker Drive, Suite 370
State College, PA 16801
Phone: (814) 235-2703
October 8, 2025
InVested Advisors is the marketing name for Kristen E. Coombs LLC. This brochure provides information about the
qualifications and business practices of Kristen E. Coombs LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this
brochure, please contact us at (814) 235-2703. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified
by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority. Our registration does
not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Additional information about Kristen E. Coombs LLC (CRD# 311243) is also available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
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ITEM 2:
STATEMENT OF MATERIAL CHANGES
InVested Advisors is required to disclose any material changes to this ADV Part 2A here in Item 2.
There are no material changes to disclose at this time.
ITEM 3:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item 1: Cover Sheet .................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2: Statement of Material Changes ..................................................................................................... 2
Item 3: Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... 2
Item 4: Advisory Business ........................................................................................................................... 3
Item 5: Fees and Compensation ................................................................................................................. 4
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees ............................................................................................................... 7
Item 7: Types of Clients .............................................................................................................................. 7
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss .......................................................... 7
Item 9: Disciplinary Information .............................................................................................................. 12
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations...................................................................... 12
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal trading ................ 13
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ..................................................................................................................... 13
Item 13: Review of Accounts ...................................................................................................................... 15
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation ................................................................................... 15
Item 15: Custody ........................................................................................................................................ 15
Item 16: Investment Discretion .................................................................................................................. 16
Item 17: Voting Client Securities ................................................................................................................ 16
Item 18: Financial Information ................................................................................................................... 16
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ITEM 4:
ADVISORY BUSINESS
Kristen E. Coombs LLC utilizes the marketing name of InVested Advisors (“InVested” or the “Advisor”) and is a
SEC Registered Investment Advisor located in State College, Pennsylvania. InVested was founded in 2020 and
is owned and operated by Kristen E. Coombs. This Disclosure Brochure provides information regarding the
qualifications, business practices, and the advisory services provided by InVested.
InVested provides financial planning, investment management, and consulting services to individuals, high net
worth individuals and businesses (each a “Client”). Services are offered in several areas of a Client’s financial
situation, depending on their goals, objectives and financial situation.
Financial Planning Services
InVested provides a variety of financial planning services to individuals and families. Services are offered in
several areas of a Client’s financial situation, depending on their goals, objectives and financial situation.
We believe that a financial life plan is a living, breathing document and should not be viewed as something you
“set and forget”. Goals change, people change, life happens. We work together with our clients throughout
the planning process, beginning with goal setting through fact gathering and ultimately the design of their
financial life plan. Goal based investment strategies are created that align with each individual financial goal
such as retirement income, estate planning and charitable giving. Efficient tax management strategies are
incorporated throughout the planning process. Once a blueprint is created, the plan is revisited on a regular
basis.
Financial planning recommendations may pose a potential conflict between the interests of the Advisor and
the interests of the Client. For example, a recommendation to engage the Advisor for investment management
services or to increase the level of investment assets with the Advisor would pose a conflict, as it would increase
the advisory fees paid to the Advisor. Clients are not obligated to implement any recommendations made by
the Advisor or maintain an ongoing relationship with the Advisor. If the Client elects to act on any of the
recommendations made by the Advisor, the Client is under no obligation to effect the transaction through the
Advisor.
Investment Management Services
InVested provides regular and continuous advice to Clients regarding the investment of Client funds based on
the individual needs of the Client. Through personal discussions in which goals and objectives based on a
Client's particular circumstances are established, we develop a personal investment strategy. We then create
and manage a portfolio based on that strategy. During our data-gathering process, we determine the Client’s
individual objectives, goals, time horizons, risk tolerance, and liquidity needs. As appropriate, we also review
and discuss a Client's prior investment history, as well as family composition and background.
InVested manages advisory accounts on a discretionary basis through the use of third-party managers. When
we manage assets through a third-party manager, we may not be able to consider specific investment
restrictions, as we will not be the one trading the account. We can discuss such restrictions with the third-
party manager.
InVested may also recommend a sub-adviser for asset management services. In such cases, the sub-adviser will
be responsible for continuously monitoring client accounts and making trades in client accounts when
necessary. While the chosen sub-adviser will provide advice on specific securities and/or other investments in
connection with this service, InVested may have discretionary authority to hire and fire such managers and
reallocate assets among them as deemed appropriate. InVested will assist the Client with identifying
investment objectives and risk tolerance, and, in turn, retain sub-advisers in relation to the stated investment
objectives and risk tolerance. As a result, we allocate a portion of the total fee charged and collected from you
to the sub-adviser as compensation for their direct management of your account. This creates a conflict of
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interest as it gives InVested an incentive to recommend sub-advisers based on compensation received or to
not recommend sub- advisers based on the loss of compensation to the sub-adviser. To mitigate this conflict,
when hiring a sub-adviser, the Client’s best interest will be the main determining factor of InVested.
InVested may invite Clients to invest in private placements only if the respective investment is appropriate for
the Client.
InVested does not place Client assets into a wrap fee program.
Retirement Plan Services
InVested works with plan sponsors on their retirement plan needs on a non-discretionary basis. InVested
provides services such as non-discretionary investment management services and employee education on
general investment principles.
Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2024, the Firm has $226,182,547 of assets under management for a total of 606 accounts,
$207,220,726 is managed on a discretionary basis for 597 accounts with the remainder of assets and accounts
being managed on a non-discretionary basis.
ITEM 5:
FEES AND COMPENSATION
A.
Fees Charged
All investment management Clients will be required to execute an Investment Management Agreement that
will describe the type of management services to be provided and the fees, among other items. Clients are
advised that they may pay fees that are higher or lower than fees they may pay another advisor for the same
services and may in fact pay lower fees for comparable services from other sources. Clients are under no
obligation at any time to engage, or to continue to engage, InVested for investment services.
Financial Planning Services
InVested offers financial planning services on an hourly basis ranging from $250 to $500 per hour or at a fixed fee
ranging from $1,000 to $5,000. Financial planning fees may be negotiable depending on the nature and complexity
of each Client’s circumstances. An estimate of total costs will be determined prior to establishing the advisory
relationship. The Advisor’s financial planning fee is exclusive of, and in addition to, brokerage fees, transaction
fees, and other related costs and expenses, which may be incurred by the Client for the implementation of the
Advisor’s recommendations. The Advisor shall not receive any portion of these commissions, fees, and costs.
Financial planning fee arrangements may include making an initial deposit of a portion of the total estimated fee
in advance, for an amount of up to fifty percent (50%) of the expected total cost. If this is the case, any unearned
fees will be returned to the client in the event the engagement is terminated prior to completion. Further,
InVested will not accept fees in advance for greater than six (6) months. Fees for full financial plans will be
different from fees for specific consulting projects.
Investment Management Services
InVested provides investment management services for an annual fee based upon a percentage of the assets
being managed by InVested. This asset-based fee typically varies between 0.00% and 1.30% depending on the
amount of household assets under management and can be a flat fee or a tiered fee schedule as follows:
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Total Assets Under Management
Annual Fee Percentage
0-500K
1.30%
500K - 1M
1.00%
1M - 3M
0.75%
3M - 5M
0.60%
5M +
0.50
Reporting Only Accounts
0.00%
American Funds F2 Shares
0.50%
Clients prior to October 1, 2025, the fee schedule is as follows:
Total Assets Under Management
Annual Fee Percentage
0-500K
1.30%
500K - 1M
1.15%
1M - 2M
1.00%
2M - 4M
0.80%
4M - 6M
0.65%
6M - 10M
0.55%
10M +
0.40%
Reporting Only Accounts
0.00%
American Funds F2 Shares
0.50%
Fees are negotiable, and may be higher or lower within this range, based on the nature of the account. Factors
affecting fee percentages include the size of the account, complexity of asset structures, and other factors. All
Clients, but especially those with smaller accounts, should be advised they may receive similar services from
other professionals for higher or lower overall costs.
InVested fees are in addition to the fees charged by a third-party manager.
Reporting accounts are assets where InVested does not manage the assets but does include the assets in the
reporting to the Client of overall portfolio assets.
Retirement Plan Services
InVested charges an annual fee ranging from 0.50% and 1.00% of plan assets. The fees can be paid directly by
the Plan Sponsor or deducted from the plan assets as indicated under the Non-Discretionary Retirement Plan
Agreement.
B.
Fee Payment
Financial Planning: Financial Planning fees will be due upon receipt of the invoice from InVested. In many
cases, clients will be asked to put forth a retainer at the onset of the engagement which may be for up to 50%
of the expected final cost. Fees may be paid via check or wire transfer.
Investment Management Services: Investment advisory fees will be debited directly from each client’s account.
The advisory fee is paid monthly, in advance, and the value used for the fee calculation is the gross value as of
the last market day of the previous month. This means that if your annual fee is 1.00%, then each month we
will multiply the value of your account by 1.00% then divide by 12 to calculate our fee. To the extent there is
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cash or private placements in your account, it will be included in the value for the purpose of calculating fees
only if the cash is part of an investment strategy. Once the calculation is made, we will instruct your account
custodian to deduct the fee from your account and remit it to InVested. InVested relies upon the pricing and
valuation of investments provided by the custodian for billing purposes. Some private investments report
values directly to InVested on a quarterly basis by sending a statement. The values from the statement along
with distributions and contributions are manually entered into the billing system for purposes of calculating
the advisory fee. Distributions and contributions include transactions such as capital calls and dividend
reinvestments.
Clients whose fees are directly debited will provide written authorization to debit advisory fees from their
accounts held by a qualified custodian chosen by the Client. The Client will receive a statement from their
account custodian showing all transactions in their account, including the fee.
Third Party Managers
For Clients whose assets are managed through third-party managers (please see Item 8 for more information
regarding the use of third-party managers), the terms of fee payment may vary dependent upon the manager
or managers selected. For example, while InVested generally debits fees monthly, in advance, some managers
calculate fees quarterly in arrears. For details on the exact methodology of calculating fees by each of the
managers in a Client’s portfolio, Clients should refer to the Form ADV for such managers.
InVested does deduct fees from Client accounts for the accounts that are managed by Investment Research
Partners at the direction of Investment Research Partners.
Retirement Plan Services
Retirement Plan Sponsors pay fees directly or have the fees deducted from plan assets as directed by the
agreement between the Plan Sponsors and InVested.
C.
Other Fees
There are a number of other fees that can be associated with holding and investing in securities. You will be
responsible for fees including transaction fees for the purchase or sale of a mutual fund or Exchange Traded
Fund, or commissions for the purchase or sale of a stock. Expenses of a fund will not be included in
management fees, as they are deducted from the value of the shares by the mutual fund manager. When
selecting mutual funds that have multiple share classes for recommendation to Clients, InVested will take into
account the internal fees and expenses associated with each share class, and it is InVested’s policy to choose
the lowest-cost share class available, absent circumstances that dictate otherwise. For complete discussion of
expenses related to each mutual fund, you should read a copy of the prospectus issued by that fund. InVested
can provide or direct you to a copy of the prospectus for any fund that we recommend to you.
Please make sure to read Item 12 of this informational brochure, where we discuss broker-dealer and custodial
issues.
D.
Pro-rata Fees
If you become a client during a month, you will pay a management fee for the number of days left in that
month. If you terminate our relationship during a month, you will be entitled to a refund of any management
fees for the remainder of the month. Once your notice of termination is received, we will assess pro-rated fees
for the number of days between the end of the prior billing period and the date of termination to be paid in
whatever way you direct (check, wire). InVested will cease to perform services, including processing trades
and distributions, upon termination. Assets not transferred from terminated accounts within 30 (thirty) days
of termination may be “de-linked”, meaning they will no longer be visible to InVested and will become a retail
account with the custodian.
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If you terminate our relationship before the completion of the financial planning engagement, any unearned
fees will be returned to you on a pro rata basis. This does not mean that fees will be pro-rated on the basis of
calendar days in the engagement. Rather, it will be pro-rated based on the amount of time InVested has thus
far spent on the engagement. Clients should understand that a large part of the financial planning work on an
engagement takes part in the early part of the process.
E.
Compensation for the Sale of Securities.
Some InVested representatives are separately licensed as independent insurance agents. As such, these
representatives may conduct insurance product transactions for InVested Clients, in their capacity as a licensed
insurance agent, and will receive customary commissions for these transactions in addition to any
compensation received in their capacity as employees of InVested. Commissions from the sale of insurance
products will not be used to offset or as a credit against advisory fees. These representatives therefore have
an incentive to recommend insurance products based on the compensation to be received, rather than on a
Client’s needs. The receipt of additional fees for insurance commissions is therefore a conflict of interest, and
Clients should be aware of this conflict when considering whether to engage InVested to implement any
insurance recommendations. InVested attempts to mitigate this conflict of interest by disclosing the conflict
to Clients and informing Clients that they are always free to purchase insurance products through other agents
that are not affiliated with InVested or to determine not to purchase the insurance product at all. InVested
also attempts to mitigate the conflict of interest by requiring employees to acknowledge in the firm’s Code of
Ethics, their individual fiduciary duty to the clients of InVested, which requires that employees put the interests
of Clients ahead of their own.
ITEM 6:
PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES
InVested does not charge performance-based fees.
ITEM 7:
TYPES OF CLIENTS
InVested provides investment management and financial planning services to individuals, high net worth
individuals and businesses. InVested requires each Client to place at least $500,000 with the firm. This
minimum may be waived in the discretion of InVested.
ITEM 8:
METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES & RISK OF LOSS
It is important for you to know and remember that all investments carry risks. Investing in securities involves
risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear.
As described in Item 4, our goal at InVested is to understand each Client’s needs and goals, even if they do not
obviously directly connect to their financial circumstances or investing. After we determine what a Client’s
goals are, we can manage their assets accordingly. Each Client’s portfolio may be similar to, or vary greatly
from, another Client who on the surface seems quite similar. This is because each Client’s portfolio is
constructed based on that Client’s life goals, needs and other circumstances, which may not be readily apparent
to even a close friend.
Once we ascertain your objectives for each portfolio, we will develop an investment strategy. The strategy will
be based current market conditions, your current financial situation, your financial goals, time horizon and risk
tolerance.
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Third-Party Managers
We may recommend that all or a portion of a Client's portfolio be managed by independent third-party
managers or recommend direct investment with independent third-party managers, typically when those
managers demonstrate knowledge and expertise in a particular investment strategy. Fees charged by
independent third-party managers are in addition to fees charged by InVested.
Prior to referring any Client to another manager, InVested will confirm that such manager is registered, or
exempt from registration, as an investment adviser.
InVested will obtain appropriate due diligence on all independent third-party managers, making reasonable
inquiries into their performance calculations, policies and procedures, code of ethics policies and other
operational and compliance matters to account for performance and risk management. We examine the
experience, expertise, investment philosophies and past performance of third-party investment managers in
an attempt to determine if that manager has demonstrated an ability to invest over a period of time and in
different economic conditions. We monitor the manager’s underlying holdings, strategies, concentrations and
leverage as part of our overall periodic risk assessment. Additionally, as part of our due-diligence process, we
survey the manager’s compliance and business enterprise risks.
Based on a Client’s individual circumstances and needs, we will determine which selected third-party manager’s
portfolio management style is appropriate for that Client. Factors considered in making this determination
include account size, risk tolerance and the investment philosophy of the selected third-party manager. We
encourage Clients to review each third-party manager’s disclosure document regarding the particular
characteristics of any program and managers selected by InVested.
We will regularly and continuously monitor the performance of the selected third-party managers. If we
determine that a particular selected third-party manager is not providing sufficient management services to
the Client or are not managing the Client's portfolio in a manner consistent with the Client's investment
objectives, we will recommend that the Client terminate the relationship with that third-party manager.
When Clients’ assets are allocated to a third-party manager, the manager may collect the Client’s advisory fee,
and remit a portion of that fee back to InVested. This fee is not in compensation for a client referral. Rather,
it is InVested’s compensation for the ongoing diligence of that manager as it is part of Client’s portfolio.
When we manage assets through a third-party manager, we may not be able to consider specific investment
restrictions, as we will not be the one trading the account. We can discuss such restrictions with the third-
party manager.
Risk of Loss
Political Risks. Most investments have a global component, even domestic stocks. Political events
Currency Risk. When investing in another country using another currency, the changes in the value of the
There are always risks to investing. Clients should be aware that all investments carry various types of risk
including the potential loss of principal that clients should be prepared to bear. It is impossible to name all
possible types of risks. Among the risks are the following:
anywhere in the world may have unforeseen consequences to markets around the world.
General Market Risks. Markets can, as a whole, go up or down on various news releases or for no
understandable reason at all. This sometimes means that the price of specific securities could go up or down
without real reason and may take some time to recover any lost value. Adding additional securities does not
help to minimize this risk since all securities may be affected by market fluctuations.
currency can change the value of your security value in your portfolio.
Regulatory Risk. Changes in laws and regulations from any government can change the value of a given
company and its accompanying securities. Certain industries are more susceptible to government regulation.
Changes in zoning, tax structure or laws impact the return on these investments.
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Financial Risk. The amount of debt or leverage determines the financial risk of a company.
Tax Risks Related to Short Term Trading: Clients should note that InVested may engage in short-term
trading transactions. These transactions may result in short term gains or losses for federal and state tax
purposes, which may be taxed at a higher rate than long term strategies. InVested endeavors to invest client
assets in a tax efficient manner, but all clients are advised to consult with their tax professionals regarding the
transactions in client accounts.
Purchasing Power Risk. Purchasing power risk is the risk that your investment’s value will decline as the
price of goods rises (inflation). The investment’s value itself does not decline, but its relative value does, which
is the same thing. Inflation can happen for a variety of complex reasons, including a growing economy and a
rising money supply.
Business Risk. This can be thought of as certainty or uncertainty of income. Management comes under
business risk. Cyclical companies (like automobile companies) have more business risk because of the less
steady income stream. On the other hand, fast food chains tend to have steadier income streams and therefore,
less business risk.
Default Risk. This risk pertains to the ability of a company to service their debt. Ratings provided by
several rating services help to identify those companies with more risk. Obligations of the U.S. government are
said to be free of default risk.
Margin Risk. “Margin” is a tool used to maximize returns on a given investment by using securities in a
client account as collateral for a loan from the custodian to the client. The proceeds of that loan are then used
to buy more securities. In a positive result, the additional securities provide additional return on the same
initial investment. In a negative result, the additional securities provide additional losses. Margin therefore
carries a higher degree of risk than investing without margin. Any client account that will use margin will do so
in accordance with Regulation T. InVested may utilize margin on a limited basis for clients with higher risk
tolerances.
Short Sales. “Short sales” are a way to implement a trade in a security InVested feels is overvalued. In a
“long” trade, the investor is hoping the security increases in price. Thus, in a long trade, the amount of the
investor’s loss (without margin) is the amount paid for the security. In a short sale, the investor is hoping the
security decreases in price. However, unlike a long trade where the price of the security can only go from the
purchase price to zero, in a short sale, the price of the security can go infinitely upwards. Thus, in a short sale,
the potential for loss is unlimited and unknown, where the potential for loss in a long trade is limited and
knowable. InVested utilizes short sales only when the client’s risk tolerances permit.
Risks specific to private placements, sub-advisors and other managers. If we invest some of your assets
with another advisor, including a private placement, there are additional risks. These include risks that the
other manager is not as qualified as we believe them to be, that the investments they use are not as liquid as
we would normally use in your portfolio, or that their risk management guidelines are more liberal than we
would normally employ. It is also possible that the information given to InVested by the manager or private
placement is inaccurate or insufficient for InVested to render appropriate investment advice to the client
regarding the investment. In addition, while many managers are registered, their private placement offerings
may not be, which means they have not undergone as much scrutiny as a registered investment vehicle. Also,
with regard to private placements, the manager of the private placement typically has control over the funds
in the private placement, including the payment of expenses, which means the manager has a conflict in
allocating expenses to be paid by the placement or the manager itself. Each private placement has a unique
set of risk factors disclosed in its private placement memorandum. Clients should carefully review these, and
all other documents made available to them regarding private placements.
Information Risk. All investment professionals rely on research in order to make conclusions about
investment options. This research is always a mix of both internal (proprietary) and external (provided by third
parties) data and analyses. Even an adviser who says they rely solely on proprietary research must still collect
data from third parties. This data, or outside research is chosen for its perceived reliability, but there is no
guarantee that the data or research will be completely accurate. Failure in data accuracy or research will
translate to a compromised ability by the adviser to reach satisfactory investment conclusions.
Small Companies. Some investment opportunities in the marketplace involve smaller issuers. These
companies may be starting up or are historically small. While these companies sometimes have potential for
outsized returns, they also have the potential for losses because the reasons the company is small are also risks
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to the company’s future. For example, a company’s management may lack experience, or the company’s
capital for growth may be restricted. These small companies also tend to trade less frequently that larger
companies, which can add to the risks associated with their securities because the ability to sell them at an
appropriate price may be limited as compared to the markets as a whole. Not only do these companies have
investment risk, if a client is invested in such small companies and requests immediate or short-term liquidity,
these securities may require a significant discount to value in order to be sold in a shorter time frame.
Concentration Risk. While InVested selects individual securities, including mutual funds, for client
portfolios based on an individualized assessment of each security, this evaluation comes without an overlay of
general economic or sector specific issue analysis. This means that a client’s equity portfolio may be
concentrated in a specific sector, geography, or sub-sector (among other types of potential concentrations), so
that if an unexpected event occurs that affects that specific sector or geography, for example, the client’s equity
portfolio may be affected negatively, including significant losses.
Transition risk. As assets are transitioned from a client’s prior advisers to InVested there may be securities
and other investments that do not fit within the asset allocation strategy selected for the client. Accordingly,
these investments will need to be sold in order to reposition the portfolio into the asset allocation strategy
selected by InVested. However, this transition process may take some time to accomplish. Some investments
may not be unwound for a lengthy period of time for a variety of reasons that may include unwarranted low
share prices, restrictions on trading, contractual restrictions on liquidity, or market-related liquidity concerns.
In some cases, there may be securities or investments that are never able to be sold. The inability to transition
a client's holdings into recommendations of InVested may adversely affect the client's account values, as
InVested’s recommendations may not be able to be fully implemented.
Restriction Risk. Clients may at all times place reasonable restrictions on the management of their
accounts. However, placing these restrictions may make managing the accounts more difficult, thus lowering
the potential for returns.
Risks Related to Investment Term & Liquidity. Securities do not follow a straight line up in value. All
securities will have periods of time when the current price of the security is not an accurate measure of its
value. If you require us to liquidate your portfolio during one of these periods, you will not realize as much
value as you would have had the investment had the opportunity to regain its value. Further, some investments
are made with the intention of the investment appreciating over an extended period of time. Liquidating these
investments prior to their intended time horizon may result in losses.
REITs: In very limited circumstances, InVested may recommend that portions of client portfolios be
allocated to real estate investment trusts, otherwise known as “REITs”. A REIT is an entity, typically a trust or
corporation, that accepts investments from a number of investors, pools the money, and then uses that money
to invest in real estate through either actual property purchases or mortgage loans. While there are some
benefits to owning REITs, which include potential tax benefits, income and the relatively low barrier to invest
in real estate as compared to directly investing in real estate, REITs also have some increased risks as compared
to more traditional investments such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. First, real estate investing can be
highly volatile. Second, the specific REIT chosen may have a focus such as commercial real estate or real estate
in a given location. Such investment focus can be beneficial if the properties are successful but lose significant
principal if the properties are not successful. REITs may also employ significant leverage for the purpose of
purchasing more investments with fewer investment dollars, which can enhance returns but also enhances the
risk of loss. The success of a REIT is highly dependent upon the manager of the REIT. Clients should ensure they
understand the role of the REIT in their portfolio.
Mutual Funds: Investing in mutual funds brings risks specific to that type of investment. These include,
but are not limited to (i) market risk (risks that the value of the mutual fund will be affected by the performance
of the overall markets, despite the management of the portfolio manager; (ii) inflation risk (the risk associated
with the diminution of value of the mutual fund’s shares as inflation increases; (iii) interest rate risk (the risk
that with the fluctuation of interest rates, the perceived or relative value of the underlying holdings in the
mutual fund may decrease; (iv) currency risk (the risk that investments made in one currency may diminish in
value not fundamentally but instead because the currency of the investment’s domicile is adversely impacted);
and (v) credit risk ( the risk that fixed income funds that invest in bonds may invest in bonds the borrowers of
which are not creditworthy and may not make bond payments).
ETFs: Investing in ETFs brings risks specific to that type of investment. These include, but are not limited
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to (i) trading risk (the risk that trades placed may not be executed in a timely manner); (ii) liquidity and
shutdown risks (the risks that the ETF may not be as liquid as intended due to the possibility of the ETF or the
markets as a whole being suspended); (iii) Authorized participant risk (the risk that an institutional firm which
has entered into an agreement with the ETF’s distributor to receive shares of the ETF in exchange for securities
will cease to be active or change in identity thus creating a potential interruption in trading or redemptions for
investors; (iv) Trade price differentiation/Disassociation for the index (the risk that the actual price of the ETF
may deviate from the index it is intended to track or from the underlying value of the holdings; and (v) conflicts
of interest (the risk that certain institutions (for example authorized participants) may act in their own best
interests instead of fulfilling their contracts or acting in the best interests of investors.
Excess Cash Balance Risk: Client accounts may have cash balances in excess of $250,000, which is the
insurance limit of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. For cash balances in excess of that amount, there
is an enhanced risk that operation related counterparty risk related to the account custodian could cause losses
in the account. We mitigate this risk by carrying cash balances in amounts either subject to protection or as
limited as you, the client, directs. You may elect to participate in a “cash sweep” program through your account
custodian which automatically moves excess cash from your investment account into a cash account and then
invests that cash into cash-based investments, such as money market funds. We do not receive compensation
of any kinds for facilitating your participation in such cash sweep accounts.
Cryptocurrency Risk Disclosure
Investing in crypto assets carries additional risks:
Volatility and Market Risk: Crypto assets are highly speculative and volatile. Prices can fluctuate
dramatically and unpredictably, and there is a significant risk of losing all of your investment. They may
experience sudden and drastic price swings, including significant declines in value. The value of cryptocurrency
investments can be significantly impacted by a wide array of factors, including market sentiment, technological
advancements, regulatory changes, and broader economic conditions.
Liquidity Risk: Some crypto assets may be illiquid, making it difficult to sell quickly at a reasonable price,
particularly during periods of market stress. This illiquidity can exacerbate price fluctuations and make it
challenging to exit positions quickly.
Regulatory Uncertainty: The regulatory landscape for crypto assets is still developing and is subject to
change at both federal and state levels. Future regulatory actions could significantly impact the value and
trading of crypto assets.
Custody and Security Risks: Storing and securing crypto assets presents unique challenges. Theft, hacking,
and loss of private keys can lead to irreversible losses. While efforts are made to protect assets, some crypto
asset service providers may be more vulnerable to cybersecurity risks and theft than others.
Fraud and Manipulation: The crypto asset market is susceptible to scams, fraud (including Ponzi and
pyramid schemes), market manipulation, and other illicit activities. The pseudonymous nature of crypto assets
can also make it difficult to recover lost or stolen funds.
Technological Risks: Crypto assets rely on complex and evolving technologies. Technical glitches, software
bugs, and other technological issues could disrupt operations or negatively impact the value of crypto assets.
Cryptocurrencies are vulnerable to various technological risks, including hacking, malware, and other
cyberattacks that could lead to theft or loss of assets. The security of digital wallets, exchanges, and blockchain
networks is crucial and requires robust security practices.
Operational Risks: The trading platforms, exchanges, and other third-party service providers involved in
the crypto asset ecosystem may experience operational problems, security breaches, or even cease operations,
potentially leading to losses.
Lack of SIPA Coverage: Crypto assets may not be covered by the Securities Investor Protection Act (SIPA),
meaning that protections afforded to securities customers through SIPA might not apply, even if held by a
broker-dealer that is a member of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC).
Additionally, risks specific to RIA Clients include but are not limited to the following:
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Suitability: Investing in crypto assets may not be suitable for all investors, especially those with limited
experience, low-risk tolerance, or who are using funds drawn from retirement savings, emergency funds, or
other critical sources.
Due Diligence: RIAs such as Radnor have a fiduciary duty to conduct thorough due diligence and ensure
the appropriateness of crypto investments for clients, including assessing suitability, valuation methodologies,
and custody controls. We confirm this has been conducted.
Valuation Challenges: The unique nature of crypto assets can make accurate and consistent valuation
difficult.
Recordkeeping and Reporting: RIAs must maintain accurate records of client holdings and transactions,
which can be challenging given the nature of crypto assets. We confirm we have recordkeeping capabilities.
Conflicts of Interest: RIAs must disclose any potential conflicts of interest related to crypto investments
and ensure that their advice is solely in the client's best interest. We confirm that we have no conflicts of
interest.
ITEM 9:
DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
There are no disciplinary items to report.
ITEM 10:
OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS
A. Broker-dealer
The principal of InVested, nor any related persons are registered, or have an application pending to register, as
a broker dealer or as an associated person of the foregoing entities.
B. Futures Commission Merchant/Commodity Trading Advisor
The principal of InVested, nor any related persons are registered, or have an application pending to register, as
a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, a commodity trading advisor, or an associated
person of the foregoing entities.
C. Relationship with Related Persons
Kristen E. Coombs is separately licensed as an independent insurance agent for purposes of servicing existing
Clients that have insurance products. InVested does not intend to sell new insurance products but has the
ability to do so if warranted. As such, Mrs. Coombs may conduct insurance product transactions for InVested
Clients in her capacity as licensed insurance agent and will receive customary commissions for these
transactions in addition to any compensation received from advisory services. Commissions from the sale of
insurance products will not be used to offset or as a credit against advisory fees. Mrs. Coombs therefore has
an incentive to recommend insurance products based on the compensation to be received. The receipt of
additional fees for insurance commissions is therefore a conflict of interest, and Clients should be aware of this
conflict when considering whether to engage InVested or utilize Mrs. Coombs to implement any insurance
recommendations. InVested attempts to mitigate this conflict of interest by disclosing the conflict to Clients
and informing the Clients that they are always free to purchase insurance products through other agents that
are not affiliated with InVested, or to determine not to purchase the insurance product at all. InVested also
attempts to mitigate the conflict of interest by requiring employees to acknowledge in the firm’s Code of Ethics,
their individual fiduciary duty to the clients of InVested, which requires that employees put the interests of
Clients ahead of their own.
D. Recommendations of Other Advisers
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InVested recommends other advisers. We do not refer Clients to other managers in exchange for client
referrals. Rather, we recommend the use of other managers to Clients, and the other manager debits their fee
and InVested’s fee in one debit, and remits InVested’s fee to InVested. Because of this process, some people
see the relationship as compensation for client referrals. For more information regarding InVested’s use of
third-party managers please see response to Item 8 for a full discussion. Compensation paid to the Adviser
from various third-party managers may vary; therefore, there is a conflict of interest in recommending a
manager who shares a larger portion of advisory fees over another manager. For accounts managed by
Investment Research Partners, InVested does receive indirect compensation through access to YCharts by
Investment Research Partners. Fees for such programs may be higher or lower than if Client directly obtained
services of the third-party manager or if Client obtained advisory services separately.
ITEM 11:
CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND
PERSONAL TRADING
A.
Code of Ethics
A copy of our Code of Ethics is available upon request. Our Code of Ethics includes discussions of our fiduciary
duty to Clients, political contributions, gifts, entertainment, and trading guidelines.
B.
Recommendations Involving Material Financial Interests
Not applicable. InVested does not recommend to Clients that they invest in any security in which InVested, or
any principal thereof has any financial interest.
C.
Investing Personal Money in the Same Securities as Clients
On occasion, an employee of InVested may purchase for his or her own account securities which are also
recommended for Clients. Our Code of Ethics details rules for employees regarding personal trading and
avoiding conflicts of interest related to trading in one’s own account. To avoid placing a trade before a Client
(in the case of a purchase) or after a Client (in the case of a sale), all employee trades are reviewed by the
Compliance Officer. All employee trades must either take place in the same block as a client trade or sufficiently
apart in time from the Client trade so the employee receives no added benefit. Employee statements are
reviewed to confirm compliance with the trading procedures.
D.
Trading Securities At/Around the Same Time as Clients’ Securities
On occasion, an employee of InVested may purchase for his or her own account securities which are also
recommended for Clients at the same time the Clients purchase the securities. Our Code of Ethics details rules
for employees regarding personal trading and avoiding conflicts of interest related to trading in one’s own
account. To avoid placing a trade before a Client (in the case of a purchase) or after a Client (in the case of a
sale), all employee trades are reviewed by the Compliance Officer. All employee trades must either take place
in the same block as a Client trade or sufficiently apart in time from the Client trade so the employee receives
no added benefit. Employee statements are reviewed to confirm compliance with the trading procedures.
ITEM 12:
BROKERAGE PRACTICES
A.
Recommendation of Broker-Dealer
InVested does not maintain custody of Client assets, though InVested may be deemed to have custody if a
Client grants InVested authority to debt fees directly from their account (see Item 15 below). Assets will be
held with a qualified custodian, which is typically a bank or broker-dealer. InVested recommends that
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investment accounts be held in custody by Fidelity Institutional Wealth Services (“Fidelity”), which is a qualified
custodian. InVested is independently owned and operated and is not affiliated with Fidelity. Fidelity will hold
Client assets in a brokerage account and buy and sell securities when InVested instructs them to, which
InVested does in accordance with the investment management agreement. While InVested recommends that
the Client use Fidelity as custodian/broker, the Client will decide whether to do so and will open the account
with Fidelity by entering into an account agreement directly with Fidelity. InVested does not open the account
for the Client, although InVested may assist the Client in doing so. Even though the account is maintained at
Fidelity, we can still use other brokers to execute trades for the account as described below (see “Your
brokerage and custody costs”).
How we select brokers/custodians
We seek to recommend a custodian/broker that will hold Client assets and execute transactions on terms that
are, overall, most advantageous when compared with other available providers and their services. We consider
a wide range of factors, including both quantitative (Ex: costs) and qualitative (execution, reputation, service)
factors. We do not consider whether Fidelity or any other broker-dealer/custodian refers clients to InVested
as part of our evaluation of these broker-dealers.
Your brokerage and custody costs
factors,
including those
listed above
For our Clients’ accounts that Fidelity maintains, Fidelity generally does not charge separately for custody
services but is compensated by charging commissions or other fees on trades that it executes or that settle into
the Fidelity account. These fees are in addition to the commissions or other compensation the Client pays the
executing broker-dealer. Because of this, in order to minimize trading costs, we have Fidelity execute most
trades for the Client account. We have determined that having Fidelity execute most trades is consistent with
our duty to seek “best execution” of the trades. Best execution means the most favorable terms for a
(see “How we select
transaction based on all relevant
brokers/custodians”).
Products and services available to us from Fidelity
Fidelity provides us with some non-cash benefits (not available to retail customers) in return for placing client
assets with them or executing trades through them. Such non-cash benefits are referred to as “soft dollars”.
Currently, these benefits come in the form of investment research and sponsored attendance at various
investment seminars. We may also receive such items as investment software, books and research reports.
These products, services, or educational seminars are items that will play a role in determining how to invest
client accounts. If there is any item that has a multi-use aspect, mixed between investment and non-
investment purposes, InVested will determine a reasonable allocation of investment to non-investment use
and soft dollars will be allocated only to the investment portion of the product (and we will pay the remaining
cost). InVested receives a benefit from these services, as otherwise we would be compiling the same research
ourselves. This may cause us, or another adviser, to want to place more client accounts with a broker-
dealer/custodian such as Fidelity, solely because of these added benefits. However, the value to all of our
clients of these benefits is included in our evaluation of custodians. Products and services received via soft
dollars will generally be used for the benefit of all clients. However, it is possible that a given client’s trades
will generate soft dollars that acquire products and/or services that are not ultimately utilized for that same
client’s account. Soft dollars provide additional value and are accordingly considered in determining which
broker-dealer or custodian to utilize as part of our best execution analysis.
We do not consider whether Fidelity or any other broker-dealer/custodian refers clients to InVested as part of
our evaluation of these broker-dealers.
We do not routinely recommend, request or require that a Client direct us to execute trades through a specified
broker-dealer.
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Fidelity does provide InVested with transition assistance for moving accounts to the Fidelity platform. The
transition assistance revenue is intended to be used for a variety of purposes, including but not necessarily
limited to, offsetting account transfer fees for accounts moving to the Fidelity platform, technology set up fees,
marketing and mailing costs, stationary and licensure transfer fees, office space expenses, staffing support, and
termination fees associated with moving accounts to the Fidelity platform.
B.
Aggregating Trades
Commission costs per Client may be lower on a particular trade if all Clients in whose accounts the trade is to
be made are executed at the same time. This is called aggregating trades. Instead of placing a number of
trades for the same security for each account, we will, when appropriate, execute one trade for all accounts
and then allocate the trades to each account after execution. If an aggregate trade is not fully executed, the
securities and expenses will be allocated to Client accounts on a pro rata basis, except where doing so would
create an unintended adverse consequence (For example, if a pro rata division would result in a Client receiving
a fraction of a share, or a position in the account of less than 1%.)
ITEM 13:
REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
All accounts and corresponding financial plans will be managed on an ongoing basis, with formal reviews with
the Client on at least an annual basis. However, it is expected that market conditions, changes in a particular
Client’s account, or changes to a Client’s circumstances will trigger a review of accounts.
The annual report in writing provided by InVested is intended to review asset allocation. All Clients will receive
statements and confirmations of trades directly from Fidelity. Please refer to Item 15 regarding Custody.
ITEM 14:
CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
A. Economic Benefit Provided by Third Parties for Advice Rendered to Client.
Please refer to Item 12, where we discuss recommendation of Broker-Dealers.
B. Compensation to Non-Advisory Personnel for Client Referrals.
If a client is introduced to InVested by a party who is not a current client (a “Promoter”), InVested may pay the
Promoter cash compensation in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-1 of the Investment Advisers
Act of 1940, and any corresponding state securities law requirements. Any such fee provided for endorsements
shall be paid solely from InVested’s investment management fee and shall not result in any additional charge
to the client. If the client is introduced to InVested by a Promoter, InVested shall disclose the nature of the
endorsement relationship, and shall provide each prospective client with a copy of this Part 2. Because
SmartAsset is not affiliated with InVested, and does not receive a greater fee from InVested for more client
leads (InVested pays SmartAsset Advisors LLC a monthly subscription fee, which is the same regardless of the
amount of generated leads or client engagements), InVested does not see any material conflicts of interest.
ITEM 15:
CUSTODY
There are two avenues through which InVested has custody of Client funds; by directly debiting its fees from
Client accounts pursuant to applicable agreements granting such right, and potentially by permitting Clients to
issue standing letters of authorization (“SLOAs”). SLOAs permit a Client to issue one document that directs
InVested to make distributions out of the Client’s account(s).
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Clients whose fees are directly debited will provide written authorization to debit advisory fees from their
accounts held by a qualified custodian chosen by the Client. The Client will receive a statement from their
account custodian showing all transactions in their account, including the fee.
We encourage Clients to carefully review the statements and confirmations sent to them by their custodian,
and to compare the information on your quarterly report prepared by InVested against the information in the
statements provided directly from Fidelity. Please alert us of any discrepancies.
In addition to the account custodian’s custody procedures, Clients issuing SLOAs will be requested to confirm,
in writing, that the accounts to which funds are distributed are parties unrelated to InVested.
ITEM 16:
INVESTMENT DISCRETION
When InVested is engaged to provide asset management services on a discretionary basis, we will monitor your
accounts to ensure that they are meeting your asset allocation requirements. If any changes are needed to
your investments, we will make the changes. These changes may involve selling a security or group of
investments and buying others or keeping the proceeds in cash. You may at any time place restrictions on the
types of investments we may use on your behalf, or on the allocations to each security type. You may receive
at your request written or electronic confirmations from your account custodian after any changes are made
to your account. You will also receive monthly statements from your account custodian. Clients engaging us
on a discretionary basis will be asked to execute a Limited Power of Attorney (granting us the discretionary
authority over the client accounts) as well as an Investment Management Agreement that outlines the
responsibilities of both the client and InVested.
We will not accept restrictions on the specific securities in a bundled product. InVested will accept restrictions
on the products themselves.
ITEM 17:
VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
Copies of our Proxy Voting Policies are available upon request.
From time to time, shareholders of stocks, mutual funds, exchange traded funds or other securities may be
permitted to vote on various types of corporate actions. Examples of these actions include mergers, tender
offers, or board elections. Clients are required to vote proxies related to their investments, or to choose not
to vote their proxies. InVested will not accept authority to vote client securities. Clients will receive their
proxies directly from the custodian for the client account. In some circumstances, InVested will give clients
advice on how to vote proxies.
ITEM 18:
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
InVested does not require the prepayment of fees more than six (6) months or more in advance and therefore
has not provided a balance sheet with this brochure.
There are no material financial circumstances or conditions that would reasonably be expected to impair our
ability to meet our contractual obligations to our Clients.
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