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Disclosure Brochure
Lanier Asset Management, LLC
A SEC Registered Investment Adviser
2321 Lime Kiln Lane, Suite D
Louisville, KY 40222
(502) 909-1100
www.lanieram.com
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Lanier Asset
Management, LLC (hereinafter “LAM”). If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure,
please contact Mark Hoffman at (502) 909-1100. The information in this brochure has not been approved
or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any state securities
authority. Additional information about Lanier Asset Management, LLC is available on the SEC’s
website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. The firm’s CRD number is 150888.
Lanier Asset Management, LLC is a SEC registered investment adviser. Registration does not imply any
level of skill or training.
Item 2: Material Changes
In this Item, LAM is required to discuss any material changes that have been made to the
brochure since the last amendment dated November 2025. There are no such material changes
to disclose.
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Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 2: Material Changes .......................................................................................................... 2
Item 3: Table of Contents .......................................................................................................... 3
Item 4: Advisory Business ......................................................................................................... 4
Item 5: Fees and Compensation ................................................................................................ 8
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management ........................................... 10
Item 7: Types of Clients ........................................................................................................... 10
Item 8: Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ....................................................................... 10
Item 9: Disciplinary Information ............................................................................................. 13
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ................................................. 13
Item 11: Code of Ethics ............................................................................................................ 13
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ................................................................................................... 14
Item 13: Review of Accounts ................................................................................................... 17
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation ................................................................ 17
Item 15: Custody ..................................................................................................................... 18
Item 16: Investment Discretion ............................................................................................... 18
Item 17: Voting Client Securities ............................................................................................. 19
Item 18: Financial Information ................................................................................................ 19
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Item 4: Advisory Business
Lanier Asset Management, LLC (“LAM”) is a SEC-registered investment advisory firm. The firm
utilizes an open architecture investment structure to combine traditional and alternative
investment strategies in an effort to achieve superior absolute and relative returns.
LAM provides financial planning, consulting, and investment management services. LAM also
acts as the managing member to Lanier Bridgepointe Gardens Fund, LLC, Lanier Avalon Fund,
LLC and Lanier Four Charters Fund, LLC (the “Funds”), pooled investment vehicles formed as
private real estate syndications. As the managing member of the Funds, LAM is primarily
responsible for the management of the Funds. The Funds are structured as Delaware limited
liability companies. Prior to engaging LAM to provide any of the foregoing investment advisory
services, the client is required to enter into one or more written agreements with LAM setting
forth the terms and conditions under which LAM renders its services (collectively the
“Agreement”).
LAM has been in business since August 2009. Mark Hoffman is the principal owner of the firm.
As of December 31, 2025, LAM has $147,383,194 in assets under management, of which
$145,764,530 was managed on a discretionary basis and $1,618,664 was managed on a non-
discretionary basis.
This Disclosure Brochure describes LAM’s business. Certain sections will also describe the
activities of Supervised Persons. Supervised Persons are any of LAM’s officers, partners, directors
(or other persons occupying a similar status or performing similar functions), or employees, or
any other person who provides investment advice on LAM’s behalf and is subject to LAM’s
supervision or control.
Financial Planning and Consulting Services
LAM provides its clients with a range of financial planning and consulting services (which may
include non-investment-related matters).
In performing its services, LAM is not required to verify any information received from the client
or from the client’s other professionals (e.g., attorney, accountant, etc.) and is expressly
authorized to rely on such information. LAM may recommend the services of itself, its Supervised
Persons in their individual capacities as registered representatives, and/or other professionals to
implement its recommendations. Clients are advised that a conflict of interest exists if LAM
recommends its own services. The client is under no obligation to act upon any of the
recommendations made by LAM under a financial planning or consulting engagement or to
engage the services of any such recommended professional, including LAM itself. The client
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for
retains absolute discretion over all such implementation decisions and is free to accept or reject
any of LAM’s recommendations. Clients are advised that it remains their responsibility to
promptly notify LAM if there is ever any change in their financial situation or investment
the purpose of reviewing, evaluating, or revising LAM’s previous
objectives
recommendations and/or services.
Investment Management Services
Clients can engage LAM to manage all or a portion of their assets on a discretionary and non-
discretionary basis.
LAM primarily allocates clients’ investment management assets among Independent Third-Party
Managers (as defined below), mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), individual debt
and equity securities and/or options as well as the securities components of variable annuities
and variable life insurance contracts in accordance with the investment objectives of the client. In
addition, LAM may recommend that clients who are “accredited investors” as defined under
Rule 501 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, invest in private placement securities, which
include debt, equity, and/or pooled investment vehicles when consistent with the clients’
investment objectives. LAM also provides advice about any type of investment held in clients'
portfolios.
LAM also may render discretionary and non-discretionary investment management services to
clients relative to variable life/annuity products that they own, their individual employer-
sponsored retirement plans, and/or 529 plans or other products that are not held by the client’s
primary custodian. In so doing, LAM either directs or recommends the allocation of client assets
among the various investment options that are available with the product. Client assets are
maintained at the specific insurance company or custodian designated by the product.
Written Acknowledgement of Fiduciary Status
When we provide investment advice to you regarding your retirement plan account or individual
retirement account, we are fiduciaries within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws governing
retirement accounts. The way we make money creates some conflicts with your interests, so we
operate under a special rule that requires us to act in your best interests and not put our interest
ahead of yours. Under this special rule’s provisions, we must:
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Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations (give
prudent advice);
Never put our financial interests ahead of yours when making recommendations (give
loyal advice);
Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
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Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is in your best
interest;
Charge no more than is reasonable for our services; and
Give you basic information about conflicts of interest.
LAM tailors its advisory services to the individual needs of clients. LAM consults with clients
initially and on an ongoing basis to determine risk tolerance, time horizon and other factors that
impact the clients’ investment needs. LAM ensures that clients’ investments are suitable for their
investment needs, goals, objectives, and risk tolerance.
Clients are advised to promptly notify LAM if there are changes in their financial situation or
investment objectives or if they wish to impose any reasonable restrictions upon LAM’s
management services. Clients may impose reasonable restrictions or mandates on the
management of their account (e.g., require that a portion of their assets be invested in socially
responsible funds) if, in LAM’s sole discretion, the conditions will not materially impact the
performance of a portfolio strategy or prove overly burdensome to its management efforts.
The Funds
LAM acts as the managing member of the Lanier Bridgepointe Gardens Fund, LLC, which invests
solely in a property holding company (the “Property Holding Company”) that owns a 131-unit Class
A assisted Living property located in Jeffersonville, Indiana (the “Property”). There can be no
assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective or avoid substantial losses. An
investor should not make an investment in the Fund with the expectation of sheltering income or
receiving cash distributions. Investors are urged to consult with their personal advisers before
investing in the Fund.
LAM acts as the managing member of the Lanier Avalon Fund, LLC, which invests solely in a
property holding company (the “Property Holding Company”) that owns a 131-unit Class A
assisted Living property located near Greenwood, Indiana (the “Property”). There can be no
assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective or avoid substantial losses. An
investor should not make an investment in the Fund with the expectation of sheltering income or
receiving cash distributions. Investors are urged to consult with their personal advisers before
investing in the Fund.
LAM acts as the managing member of the Lanier Four Charters Fund, LLC, which invests solely
in a property holding company (the “Property Holding Company”) that owns four assisted Living
properties located in Paducah, KY, Linden, MI, White House, TN and West Bend, WI (the
“Properties”). There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective or
avoid substantial losses. An investor should not make an investment in the Fund with the
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expectation of sheltering income or receiving cash distributions. Investors are urged to consult
with their personal advisers before investing in the Fund.
This document is not an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy interest in the Funds. Such
an investment may be made only after receipt and review of each Fund’s Confidential Private
(the “Memorandum”). Each Memorandum contains essential
Placement Memorandum
information concerning risk factors and other material aspects of the corresponding Fund and it
must be read carefully before making an investment decision. The information in this document
is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the information contained
in each Memorandum.
LAM acts as the managing member of the Funds. LAM does not provide tailored investment
advice to the Members in the Funds. Membership interests (“Interests”) in each Fund are being
offered for investment by up to one hundred (100) persons who are “accredited investors” as
defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D under the Federal Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”).
The Interests will not be registered under the Securities Act or the securities laws of any state.
Use of Independent Third-Party Managers
As mentioned above, LAM recommends that certain clients authorize the active discretionary
management of a portion of their assets by and/or among certain independent third-party
investment managers (“Managers”), based upon the stated investment objectives of the client. The
terms and conditions under which the client engages the Managers are set forth in a separate
written agreement between LAM or the client and the designated Managers. LAM renders
services to the client relative to the discretionary and/or non-discretionary selection or
recommendation of Managers. LAM also monitors and reviews account performance and the
client’s investment objectives. LAM receives an annual advisory fee which is based upon a
percentage of the market value of the assets being managed by the designated Independent
Third-Party Managers.
When recommending or selecting a Manager for a client, LAM reviews information about the
Manager such as its disclosure brochure and/or material supplied by the Manager or
independent third parties for a description of the Manager’s investment strategies, past
performance, and risk results to the extent available. Factors that LAM considers in
recommending a Manager include the client’s stated investment objectives, management style,
performance, reputation, financial strength, reporting, pricing, and research. The investment
management fees charged by the designated Managers, together with the fees charged by the
corresponding designated broker-dealer/custodian of the client’s assets, may be exclusive of, and
in addition to, LAM’s investment advisory fee set forth above. As discussed above, the client may
incur additional fees than those charged by LAM, the designated Independent Third-Party
Managers, and corresponding broker-dealer and custodian.
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In addition to LAM’s written disclosure brochure, the client also receives the written disclosure
brochure of the designated Managers. Certain Managers impose more restrictive account
requirements and varying billing practices than LAM. In such instances, LAM may alter its
corresponding account requirements and/or billing practices to accommodate those of the
Managers.
Sponsor / Manager of Wrap Program
LAM is not the sponsor or manager of a wrap fee program.
Item 5: Fees and Compensation
LAM offers its services on a fee basis, which include fixed fees, as well as fees based upon assets
under management.
Financial Planning and Consulting Fees
LAM has the right to charge a fixed fee for financial planning and consulting services. These
fees are negotiable but generally range from $1,000 to $2,500 on a fixed fee basis, depending
upon the level and scope of the services and the professional rendering, the financial planning,
and/or the consulting services. If the client engages LAM for additional investment advisory
services, LAM may offset all or a portion of its fees for those services based upon the amount
paid for the financial planning and/or consulting services.
Investment Management Fee
LAM provides investment management services for an annual fee based upon a percentage of
the market value of the assets being managed by LAM. LAM’s annual fee is exclusive of, and in
addition to brokerage commissions, transaction fees, and other related costs and expenses
which are incurred by the client. LAM does not, however, receive any portion of these
commissions, fees, and costs. LAM’s annual fee is charged monthly or quarterly, in advance or
arrears, as disclosed in the client agreement, based upon the market value of the assets being
managed by LAM on the last day of the previous month/quarter. The annual fee varies
between 0.30% and 1.50%, depending upon the market value of the assets under management
and the type of investment management services to be rendered.
LAM, in its sole discretion, may negotiate to charge a lesser management fee based upon certain
criteria (e.g., anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated future additional assets, dollar
amount of assets to be managed, related accounts, account composition, pre-existing client,
account retention, pro bono activities, etc.).
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The Funds
LAM sponsors and acts as the managing member of the Funds, which provide equity to the
corresponding Property Holding Companies. In exchange for such services, the Property
Holding Companies pay LAM an annual management fee equal to 2% of the Funds’ initial
investment into the Property Holding Companies (the “Fund Management Fee”).
LAM receives no other fees or compensation through its management of the Funds.
Fees Charged by Financial Institutions
As further discussed in response to Item 12 (below), LAM recommends that clients utilize the
brokerage and clearing services of Pershing, LLC through Pershing Investment Manager
Services (“Pershing”) for investment management accounts.
LAM may only implement its investment management recommendations after the client has
arranged for and furnished LAM with all information and authorization regarding accounts
with appropriate financial institutions. Financial institutions include, but are not limited to,
Pershing, any other broker-dealer recommended by LAM, broker-dealer directed by the client,
trust companies, banks etc. (collectively referred to herein as the “Financial Institutions”).
Clients may incur certain charges imposed by the Financial Institutions and other third parties
such as fees charged by Managers, custodial fees, charges imposed directly by a mutual fund or
ETF in the account, which are disclosed in the fund’s prospectus (e.g., fund management fees
and other fund expenses), deferred sales charges, odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes, wire
transfer and electronic fund fees, and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities
transactions. Additionally, for assets outside of any wrap fee programs, clients may incur
brokerage commissions and transaction fees. Such charges, fees and commissions are exclusive
of and in addition to LAM’s fee.
LAM’s Agreement and the separate agreement with any Financial Institutions authorize LAM
or Managers to debit the client’s account for the amount of LAM’s fee and to directly remit that
management fee to LAM or the Managers. Any Financial Institutions recommended by LAM
have agreed to send a statement to the client, at least quarterly, indicating all amounts
disbursed from the account including the amount of management fees paid directly to LAM.
Fees for Management During Partial Months of Service
For the initial period of investment management services, the fees are calculated on a pro rata
basis.
The Agreement between LAM and the client will continue in effect until terminated by either
party pursuant to the terms of the Agreement.
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Clients may make additions to and withdrawals from their account at any time, subject to
LAM’s right to terminate an account. Additions may be in cash or securities provided that LAM
reserves the right to liquidate any transferred securities or decline to accept particular securities
into a client’s account. Clients may withdraw account assets on notice to LAM, subject to the
usual and customary securities settlement procedures. However, LAM designs its portfolios as
long-term investments, and the withdrawal of assets may impair the achievement of a client’s
investment objectives. LAM may consult with its clients about the options and ramifications of
transferring securities. However, clients are advised that when transferred securities are
liquidated, they are subject to transaction fees, fees assessed at the mutual fund level (e.g.,
contingent deferred sales charge) and/or tax ramifications.
If assets are deposited into or withdrawn from an account after the inception of a month or
quarter, including withdrawals made as a result of a termination of the Agreement, the fee
payable with respect to such assets will not be adjusted or prorated for that month or quarter
(based on the number of days remaining in the period).
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
LAM does not provide any services for performance-based fees. Performance-based fees are those
based on a share of capital gains on or capital appreciation of the assets of a client.
Item 7: Types of Clients
LAM offers its services primarily to individuals, pension and profit-sharing plans, trusts,
estates, charitable organizations, corporations, and business entities. LAM also provides
investment management services for Members of the Funds. LAM generally requires a $100,000
minimum investment for Members of the Funds.
Item 8: Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Investment Strategies
LAM’s investment strategy is based primarily on wealth preservation and secondarily on growth
– seeking participation in market upside while focusing on reducing risk and volatility in our
managed portfolios (decreasing standard deviation and market correlation of returns). We
execute our philosophy through the disciplined use of our customized asset class allocation
models which strive to produce positive investment returns across a wide range of market
conditions. Our models seek to significantly reduce risk by limiting direct exposure to both the
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equity and debt markets, utilizing alternative asset classes such as hedge funds, real estate, and
commodities as complements to any direct exposure.
The Funds
The Funds will invest solely in the Properties via a direct investment in the Property Holding
Companies. The Funds will make no other investments.
Risks of Loss
Mutual Funds and Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)
An investment in a mutual fund or ETF involves risk, including the loss of principal. Mutual fund
and ETF shareholders are necessarily subject to the risks stemming from the individual issuers of
the fund’s underlying portfolio securities. Such shareholders are also liable for taxes on any fund-
level capital gains, as mutual funds and ETFs are required by law to distribute capital gains in
the event, they sell securities for a profit that cannot be offset by a corresponding loss.
Shares of mutual funds are generally distributed and redeemed on an ongoing basis by the fund
itself or a broker acting on its behalf. The trading price at which a share is transacted is equal to a
fund’s stated daily per share net asset value (“NAV”), plus any shareholders fees (e.g., sales loads,
purchase fees, redemption fees). The per share NAV of a mutual fund is calculated at the end of
each business day, although the actual NAV fluctuates with intraday changes to the market value
of the fund’s holdings.
Shares of ETFs are listed on securities exchanges and transacted at negotiated prices in the
secondary market. Generally, ETF shares trade at or near their most recent NAV, which is
generally calculated at least once daily if not more frequently. However, certain inefficiencies
may cause the shares to trade at a premium or discount to their pro rata NAV.
Options
Options allow investors to buy or sell a security at a contracted “strike” price (not necessarily the
current market price) at or within a specific period of time. Clients may pay or collect a premium
for buying or selling an option. Investors transact in options to either hedge (limit) losses in an
attempt to reduce risk or to speculate on the performance of the underlying securities. Options
transactions contain a number of inherent risks, including the partial or total loss of principal in
the event that the value of the underlying security or index does not increase/decrease to the
level of the respective strike price. Holders of options contracts are also subject to default by the
option writer, which may be unwilling or unable to fulfill their contractual obligations.
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Market Risks
The profitability of a significant portion of LAM’s recommendations may depend upon correctly
assessing the future course of price movements of stocks and bonds. There can be no assurance
that LAM will be able to predict those price movements accurately.
Use of Independent Third-Party Managers
LAM may recommend the use of Independent Third-Party Managers for certain clients. LAM
will continue to do ongoing due diligence of such managers, but such recommendations rely, to
a great extent, on the Managers ability to successfully implement their investment strategy. In
addition, LAM does not have the ability to supervise the Managers on a day-to-day basis other
than as previously described in response to Item 4, above.
Use of Private Collective Investment Vehicles
LAM may recommend the investment by certain clients in privately placed collective investment
vehicles (some of which may be typically called “hedge funds”). The managers of these vehicles
will have broad discretion in selecting the investments. There are few limitations on the types of
securities or other financial instruments which may be traded and no requirement to diversify.
The hedge funds may trade on margin or otherwise leverage positions, which could increase the
risk to the vehicle. In addition, because the vehicles are not registered as investment companies,
there is an absence of regulation. There are numerous other risks in investing in these securities.
The client will receive a private placement memorandum and/or other documents explaining
such risks.
Real Estate Investments
The Fund will invest in real estate. The ownership of real estate includes many risks including:
declines in the value of real estate, general and local economic conditions, unavailability of
mortgage funds, overbuilding, extended vacancies of properties, increased competition, increases
in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, losses due to costs of cleaning
up environmental problems, liability to third parties for damages resulting from environmental
problems, casualty or condemnation losses, changes in neighborhood values and the appeal of
properties to buyers, tenants, changes in interest rates, etc. An economic downturn could have a
material adverse effect on the real estate markets, which in turn could result in the Fund not
achieving its investment objectives.
Real property investments are subject to varying degrees of risk. The yields available from
investments in real estate depend on the amount of income and capital appreciation generated
by the related properties. Income and real estate values may also be adversely affected by such
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factors as applicable laws, interest rate levels and the availability of financing. The performance
of the economy in the region in which the real estate invested in by the Fund is located will impact
the income from such properties and their underlying values. The financial results of major local
employers also may have an impact on the cash flow and value of certain properties.
General Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves the risk of loss. Clients should be prepared to bear such loss.
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
LAM is required to disclose the facts of any legal or disciplinary events that are material to a
client’s evaluation of its advisory business or the integrity of management. LAM does not have
any required disclosures to this Item.
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
LAM is required to disclose any relationship or arrangement that is material to its advisory
business or to its clients with certain related persons. LAM has described such relationships and
arrangements below.
Fees from Independent Third-Party Managers
As discussed above, LAM recommends that certain clients authorize the active discretionary
management of a portion of their assets by and/or among certain Managers. In certain
circumstances LAM’s compensation is included in the advisory fee charged by such Managers.
There may be a conflict of interest to choose such Managers.
Item 11: Code of Ethics
LAM and persons associated with the firm (“Associated Persons”) are permitted to buy or sell
securities that are recommended to clients consistent with LAM’s policies and procedures.
LAM has adopted a code of ethics (“Code of Ethics”) made up of its personal securities
transaction and insider trading policies and procedures. When LAM is purchasing or
considering purchasing any security on behalf of a client, no Covered Person (as defined below)
may affect a transaction in that security prior to the completion of the purchase or until a
decision has been made not to purchase such security. Similarly, when LAM is selling or
considering the sale of any security on behalf of a client, no Covered Person may affect a
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transaction in that security prior to the completion of the sale or until a decision has been made
not to sell such security.
Unless specifically defined in LAM’s procedures (summarized above), neither LAM nor any of
LAM’s Associated Persons may effect for himself or herself, for an Associated Person’s
immediate family (i.e., spouse, minor children, and adults living in the same household as the
Associated Person), or for trusts for which the Associated Person serves as a trustee or in which
the Associated Person has a beneficial interest (collectively “Covered Persons”), any transactions
in a security which is being actively purchased or sold, or is being considered for purchase or
sale, on behalf of any of LAM’s clients.
The foregoing policies and procedures are not applicable to (a) transactions effected in any
account over which neither LAM nor any of its Supervised Persons (as defined in this Form
ADV) has any direct or indirect influence or control; and (b) transactions in securities that are:
direct obligations of the government of the United States; bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates
of deposit, commercial paper, and high quality short-term debt instruments, including
repurchase agreements; or shares issued by registered open-end investment companies.
This policy has been established recognizing that some securities being considered for purchase
and sale on behalf of LAM’s clients trade in sufficiently broad markets to permit transactions by
clients to be completed without any appreciable impact on the markets of such securities. Under
certain limited circumstances, exceptions may be made to the policies stated above. LAM will
maintain records of these trades, including the reasons for any exceptions.
In accordance with Section 204A of the Advisers Act, LAM also maintains and enforces written
policies reasonably designed to prevent the unlawful use of material non-public information by
LAM or any of its Supervised Persons.
Clients and prospective clients may contact LAM to request a copy of its Code of Ethics.
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
As discussed above, in Item 5, LAM recommends that clients utilize the brokerage and clearing
services of Pershing, Fidelity and UMB Financial Services.
Factors which LAM considers in recommending Pershing or any other broker-dealer to clients
include their respective financial strength, reputation, execution, pricing, research, and service.
The commissions and/or transaction fees charged by Pershing may be higher or lower than
those charged by other Financial Institutions.
The commissions paid by LAM’s clients comply with LAM’s duty to obtain “best execution.”
Clients may pay commissions that are higher than another qualified Financial Institution might
charge to affect the same transaction where LAM determines that the commissions are
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reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services received. In seeking
best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the
transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of a
Financial Institution’s services, including among others, the value of research provided,
execution capability, commission rates, and responsiveness. LAM seeks competitive rates but
may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for client transactions.
Transactions may be cleared through other Financial Institutions with whom LAM and the
Financial Institutions have entered into agreements for prime brokerage clearing services. LAM
periodically and systematically reviews its policies and procedures regarding its
recommendation of Financial Institutions in light of its duty to obtain best execution.
The client may direct LAM in writing to use a particular Financial Institution to execute some or
all transactions for the client. In that case, the client will negotiate terms and arrangements for
the account with that Financial Institution, and LAM will not seek better execution services or
prices from other Financial Institutions or be able to “batch” client transactions for execution
through other Financial Institutions with orders for other accounts managed by LAM (as
described below). As a result, the client may pay higher commissions or other transaction costs
or greater spreads, or receive less favorable net prices, on transactions for the account than
would otherwise be the case. Subject to its duty of best execution, LAM may decline a client’s
request to direct brokerage if, in LAM’s sole discretion, such directed brokerage arrangements
would result in additional operational difficulties.
Transactions for each client will be affected independently unless LAM decides to purchase or
sell the same securities for several clients at approximately the same time. LAM may (but is not
obligated to) combine or “batch” such orders to obtain best execution, to negotiate more
favorable commission rates, or to allocate equitably among LAM’s client’s differences in prices
and commissions or other transaction costs that might have been obtained had such orders been
placed independently. Under this procedure, transactions will be averaged as to price and
allocated among LAM’s clients pro rata to the purchase and sale orders placed for each client on
any given day. To the extent that LAM determines to aggregate client orders for the purchase or
sale of securities, including securities in which LAM’s Supervised Persons may invest, LAM
does so in accordance with applicable rules promulgated under the Advisers Act and no-action
guidance provided by the staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. LAM does not
receive any additional compensation or remuneration as a result of the aggregation. In the event
that LAM determines that a prorated allocation is not appropriate under the particular
circumstances, the allocation will be made based upon other relevant factors, which may
include: (i) when only a small percentage of the order is executed, shares may be allocated to
the account with the smallest order or the smallest position or to an account that is out of line
with respect to security or sector weightings relative to other portfolios, with similar mandates;
(ii) allocations may be given to one account when one account has limitations in its investment
guidelines which prohibit it from purchasing other securities which are expected to produce
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similar investment results and can be purchased by other accounts; (iii) if an account reaches an
investment guideline limit and cannot participate in an allocation, shares may be reallocated to
other accounts (this may be due to unforeseen changes in an account’s assets after an order is
placed); (iv) with respect to sale allocations, allocations may be given to accounts low in cash;
(v) in cases when a pro rata allocation of a potential execution would result in a de minimis
allocation in one or more accounts, LAM may exclude the account(s) from the allocation; the
transactions may be executed on a pro rata basis among the remaining accounts; or (vi) in cases
where a small proportion of an order is executed in all accounts, shares may be allocated to one
or more accounts on a random basis.
Consistent with obtaining best execution, brokerage transactions may be directed to certain
broker- dealers in return for investment research products and/or services which assist LAM in
its investment decision-making process. Such research generally will be used to service all of
LAM’s clients, but brokerage commissions paid by one client may be used to pay for research
that is not used in managing that client’s portfolio. The receipt of investment research products
and/or services as well as the allocation of the benefit of such investment research products
and/or services poses a conflict of interest because LAM does not have to produce or pay for
the products or services.
Trade Error Policy
It is LAM’s policy to minimize the occurrence of trade errors and, in the event a trade error
occurs, detect and take prompt steps to resolve it in the best interest of the affected client(s). In
the event a trade error occurs due to LAM’s action or inaction in the process of effecting any
client transaction, LAM’s policy is to identify and correct the error promptly and without
disadvantaging the client. If the error is the fault of LAM, LAM’s policy is to move the
respective transaction to LAM’s trade error account, thereby restoring the client’s account to the
position it was in immediately prior to the respective transaction. Gains realized as a result of
trade errors that are corrected by LAM and moved to LAM’s trade error account are used
toward correcting future trade errors that result in losses. The custodian and LAM will not
share any profits in LAM’s trade error account, as assets in the account are only used to resolve
future trade errors or donated to a charity designated by LAM.
Software and Support Provided by Financial Institutions
LAM may receive from Pershing, without cost to LAM, computer software and related systems
support, which allow LAM to better monitor client accounts maintained at Pershing. LAM may
receive the software and related support without cost because LAM renders investment
management services to clients that maintain assets at Pershing. The software and related
systems support may benefit LAM, but not its clients directly. In fulfilling its duties to its
clients, LAM endeavors at all times to put the interests of its clients first. Clients should be
aware, however, that LAM’s receipt of economic benefits from a broker- dealer creates a conflict
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of interest since these benefits may influence LAM’s choice of broker-dealer over another
broker-dealer that does not furnish similar software, systems support, or services. Additionally,
LAM may receive the following benefits from Pershing through its Pershing Advisor Solutions
division: receipt of duplicate client confirmations and bundled duplicate statements; access to a
trading desk that exclusively services its Pershing Advisor Solutions participants; access to
block trading which provides the ability to aggregate securities transactions and then allocate
the appropriate shares to client accounts; and access to an electronic communication network
for client order entry and account information.
Item 13: Review of Accounts
For those clients to whom LAM provides investment management services, LAM monitors
those portfolios as part of an ongoing process while regular account reviews are conducted on
at least a quarterly basis. For those clients to whom LAM provides financial planning and/or
consulting services, reviews are conducted on an “as needed” basis. Such reviews are
conducted by one of LAM’s investment adviser representatives. All investment advisory clients
are encouraged to discuss their needs, goals, and objectives with LAM and to keep LAM
informed of any changes thereto. LAM contacts ongoing investment advisory clients at least
annually to review its previous services and/or recommendations and to discuss the impact
resulting from any changes in the client’s financial situation and/or investment objectives.
Unless otherwise agreed upon, clients are provided with transaction confirmation notices and
regular summary account statements directly from the broker-dealer or custodian for the client
accounts. Those clients to whom LAM provides investment advisory services will also receive a
report from LAM that will typically be delivered on a quarterly basis and may include relevant
account and/or market-related information such as an inventory of account holdings and
account performance. Clients should compare the account statements they receive from their
custodian with those they receive from LAM.
Those clients to whom LAM provides financial planning services will receive reports from LAM
summarizing its analysis and conclusions as requested by the client or otherwise agreed to in
writing by LAM.
LAM reviews the Funds’ investment program on a continual basis. LAM reviews the Funds’
investment program to analyze rates of return and to verify that the Funds’ holdings are
consistent with their investment objectives.
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation
LAM is required to disclose any relationship or arrangement where it receives an economic
benefit from a third party (non-client) for providing advisory services. In addition, LAM is
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required to disclose any direct or indirect compensation that it provides for client referrals.
LAM may receive economic benefits from non-clients for providing advice or other advisory
services to clients. This type of relationship poses a conflict of interest, and any such
relationship is disclosed in response to Item 12 above.
If a client is introduced to LAM by either an unaffiliated or an affiliated solicitor, LAM may pay
that solicitor a referral fee in accordance with applicable rules promulgated under the Advisers
Act. Any such referral fee is paid solely from LAM’s investment management fee and does not
result in any additional charge to the client. Any solicitor of LAM discloses the nature of
his/her relationship, including the terms and conditions of the solicitation arrangement
including compensation, to prospective clients at the time of the solicitation and that a conflict
of interest exists.
LAM will also receive the Fund Management Fee, payable by the Property Holding Companies.
The Funds’ Management Fee is paid annually and equal to 2% of the Funds’ initial investment
in the Property Holding Companies.
Item 15: Custody
LAM’s Agreement and/or the separate agreement with any Financial Institution may authorize
LAM through such Financial Institution to debit the client’s account for the amount of LAM’s
fee and to directly remit that management fee to LAM in accordance with applicable custody
rules.
The Financial Institutions recommended by LAM have agreed to send a statement to the client,
at least quarterly, indicating all amounts disbursed from the account including the amount of
management fees paid directly to LAM. In addition, as discussed in Item 13, LAM also sends
periodic supplemental reports to clients. Clients should carefully review the statements sent
directly by the Financial Institutions and compare them to those received from LAM.
LAM has indirect custody of the Funds’ assets because it is the managing member of the Funds’
and has general power of attorney over the Funds’ accounts.
Item 16: Investment Discretion
LAM is required to disclose if it accepts discretionary authority to manage securities accounts
on behalf of clients. LAM is considered to exercise investment discretion over a client’s account
if it can affect transactions for the client without first having to seek the client’s consent. LAM
does exercise discretion on behalf of the Funds and some of its clients.
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Item 17: Voting Client Securities
LAM is required to disclose if it accepts authority to vote on client securities. LAM does not
vote client securities on behalf of its clients. Clients receive proxies directly from the Financial
Institutions.
Item 18: Financial Information
LAM does not require or solicit the prepayment of more than $500 in fees six months or more in
advance of providing services to clients.
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