Overview

Assets Under Management: $439 million
Headquarters: SALT LAKE CITY, UT
High-Net-Worth Clients: 4
Average Client Assets: $35 million

Services Offered

Services: Financial Planning, Portfolio Management for Individuals

Fee Structure

Primary Fee Schedule (ADV PART 2A APPENDIX 1)

MinMaxMarginal Fee Rate
$0 and above 1.00%
Illustrative Fee Rates
Total AssetsAnnual FeesAverage Fee Rate
$1 million $10,000 1.00%
$5 million $50,000 1.00%
$10 million $100,000 1.00%
$50 million $500,000 1.00%
$100 million $1,000,000 1.00%

Clients

Number of High-Net-Worth Clients: 4
Percentage of Firm Assets Belonging to High-Net-Worth Clients: 31.80
Average High-Net-Worth Client Assets: $35 million
Total Client Accounts: 1,565
Discretionary Accounts: 1,565

Regulatory Filings

CRD Number: 104961
Filing ID: 1972070
Last Filing Date: 2025-03-31 17:16:00
Website: https://lefavi.com

Form ADV Documents

Additional Brochure: ADV PART 2 - DISCLOSURE BROCHURE (2025-03-31)

View Document Text
Disclosure Brochure Part 2 of Form ADV Item1– Cover Page Lefavi Wealth Management, Inc. 2323 Foothill Drive, Suite 100 Salt Lake City, Utah 8419 www.lefavi.com P: (801) 486-9000 F: (801) 486-9058 compliance@lefavi.com This brochure provides information about the business practices of Lefavi Wealth Management (“LWM”). LWM is an investment adviser registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Registration as an investment adviser does not imply any level of skill, training, aptitude or qualification. This document, coupled with any conversations that you have with Lefavi Wealth Management, will provide you with information about which you can determine to hire or retain Lefavi Wealth Management. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at: (801) 486-9000, or by email at: compliance@lefavi.com. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or by any state securities authority. Additional information about the Adviser is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Effective Date of Brochure: March 31, 2025 1 Material Changes – Item 2 Annual Update The Material Changes section of this brochure will be updated when material changes occur or at least annually. This update includes an increase to our assets under management. Full Brochure Available Whenever you would like to receive a complete copy of our Firm Brochure, please contact us by telephone at: (801) 486-9000 or by email at: compliance@lefavi.com. 2 Table of Contents Item 3 MATERIAL CHANGES – ITEM 2 ............................................................................................................................... 2 ADVISORY BUSINESS – ITEM 4 ............................................................................................................................... 4 FEES AND COMPENSATION – ITEM 5 ..................................................................................................................... 8 PERFORMANCE FEES – ITEM 6 ............................................................................................................................. 11 TYPES OF CLIENTS – ITEM 7 .................................................................................................................................... 9 METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS – ITEM 8 ................................................ 11 DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION – ITEM 9 ................................................................................................................ 16 OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS – ITEM 10 .............................................................. 17 CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING – ITEM 11 16 BROKERAGE PRACTICES – ITEM 12 ....................................................................................................................... 17 REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS – ITEM 13 ........................................................................................................................ 19 CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION – ITEM 14 ................................................................................ 22 CUSTODY – ITEM 15 ............................................................................................................................................. 21 INVESTMENT DISCRETION – ITEM 16 ................................................................................................................... 24 VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES – ITEM 17 ................................................................................................................. 22 FINANCIAL INFORMATION – ITEM 18 ................................................................................................................... 23 EXHIBIT A – BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLAN ............................................................................................................ 26 EXHIBIT B – INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM ................................................................................................ 25 DISCLOSURE BROCHURE – PART 2B OF FORM ADV .............................................................................................. 28 EDUCATION AND BUSINESS STANDARDS – ITEM 2 .............................................................................................. 29 3 Advisory Business – Item 4 Firm Description Lefavi Wealth Management, Inc., (“the Adviser” and “LWM”) was founded in 1980 and is an SEC registered investment adviser. The Adviser provides investment management and financial planning services to clients in exchange for a single fee based on a percentage of assets under management. Most clients are retail investors or high net worth individuals, but may also include businesses, charitable entities, and retirement/pension accounts. The Adviser does not act as a custodian of client assets and the client maintains asset control. Assets are held in custody at either a clearing firm, a mutual fund company or its transfer agent, at the issuer (for non-certificated, privately placed securities) or some other duly authorized custodian. The Adviser places trades for clients under discretionary authority granted by the client in the Advisory contract. The Adviser acts as a sponsor of a wrap program for clients. Details of the wrap program can be found in Appendix 1. As of December 31, 2024, the Adviser manages approximately $438,841,383 in assets for approximately 646 clients. As of the effective date of this Brochure, all assets are managed on a discretionary basis, and none are managed on a non-discretionary basis. Other professionals (e.g., lawyers, accountants, insurance agents, etc.) are engaged directly by the client on an as-needed basis. Any conflicts of interest arising out of the Adviser’s or its associated persons are disclosed in this brochure at Item 14. Principal Owners Stuart Enterline owns 100% of the Adviser. Types of Advisory Services The Adviser provides investment supervisory services, manages investment advisory accounts not involving investment supervisory services and furnishes investment advice to clients. The Adviser also furnishes advice to clients on matters not involving securities, such as financial planning matters generally, retirement planning, educational planning, charitable giving, long-term care insurance, taxation issues, and trust services that often include estate planning as arranged through 3rd party Certified Public Accountants or attorneys. Retirement Plan Rollover Recommendations Regardless of the type of service we are providing, when we provide investment advice about your retirement plan account or individual retirement account (“IRA”) including whether to maintain investments and/or proceeds in the retirement plan account roll over such investments from the retirement plan account to an IRA or make a distribution from the retirement plan account, we acknowledge that the firm is a “fiduciary” within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) and/or the Internal Revenue 4 Code as applicable. The way that the firm makes money creates conflicts with your interests so the firm operates under a special rule that requires that firm to act in your best interest and not put our interests ahead of yours. Under this special rule’s provisions, the firm must act as a fiduciary to a retirement plan account or IRA under ERISA/the Internal Revenue Code by: • Meeting a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations (i.e., give prudent advice); • Never putting the interests of the firm ahead of you when making recommendations (i.e., give loyal advice); • Avoiding misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments; • Following policies and procedures designed to ensure that the firm gives advice that is in your best interest; • Charging no more than is reasonable for the services of the firm; and • Giving you basic information about any conflicts of interest. To the extent that we recommend that you roll over your account to an account managed by the firm, please know that the firm and its investment advisor representatives have an inherent conflict of interest. Increased investment advisory fees may be earned by recommending that you roll over your account to an account managed by the firm. We will earn fewer investment advisory fees if you do not roll over the funds to an account managed by the firm. Thus, our investment advisor representatives have an economic incentive to recommend a rollover of funds to an account managed by the firm which is a conflict of interest because our recommendation that you open the account to be managed by the firm can be based on our economic incentive and not based exclusively on whether or not moving the funds is in your overall best interest. We have taken steps to manage this conflict of interest. We have adopted an impartial conduct standard whereby our investment adviser representatives will (i) provide investment advice to a retirement plan participant regarding a rollover of funds from the retirement plan in accordance with the fiduciary status described below, (ii) not recommend investments which result in the firm receiving unreasonable compensation related to the rollover of funds, and (iii) fully disclose compensation received by the firm and our supervised persons and any material conflicts of interest related to recommending the rollover of funds and refrain from making any materially misleading statements regarding such rollover. When providing advice to your regarding a rollover, our investment adviser representatives will act with the care, skill, prudence, and diligence under the circumstances then prevailing that a prudent person acting in a like capacity and familiar with such matters would use in the conduct of an enterprise of a like character and with like aims, based on the investment objectives, risk, tolerance, financial circumstances, and a client’s needs, without regard to the financial or other interests of the firm or our affiliated personnel. We are affiliated with Bruce A. Lefavi Securities, Inc., a registered broker-dealer, through common control and ownership. Persons providing investment advice on behalf of our firm are also registered representatives with the broker-dealer. In their capacity as registered 5 representatives, these persons will receive commission-based compensation in connection with the purchase and sale of securities, including 12b-1 fees for the sale of investment company products. Compensation earned by these persons in their capacities as registered representatives is separate from our advisory fees. This practice presents a conflict of interest because persons providing investment advice on behalf of our firm who are registered representatives have an incentive to effect securities transactions for the purpose of generating commissions rather than solely based on your needs. In addition to these commissions/fees, opening an investment account carries with it costs beyond the advisory fee(s) the firm charges. When placing a transaction order to buy or sell securities, advisory clients may have to pay any or all of the following charges in addition to the advisory fees charged by this firm: • Account maintenance fees charged by a broker dealer for an account, especially if inactive; • Third party administrator (“TPA”) and record keeping fees • Brokerage commissions • Custodian fees • Postage charges • Processing charges • Ticket charges • Early surrender fees • Transfer fees • Administrative fees for investments in mutual funds; Asset Management The vast majority of client investments are investment company securities (mutual funds and exchange traded funds), but may include equities (stocks), warrants, corporate debt securities, Non-traded REITs and Business Development Companies (BDCs), variable and fixed insurance products, U.S. Government securities, interests in limited partnerships, and private placements. Non-traded and other alternative investments may be utilized in portfolios, where appropriate, to provide clients with assets that are non-correlated to the stock market. Assets are invested primarily in advisory share class mutual funds and exchange-traded funds through our unaffiliated custodian, to a lesser extent through our affiliated broker dealer, or, occasionally, directly through the fund companies. Initial public offerings (IPOs) are not available through the Adviser. Insurance Services The Adviser offers insurance products through insurance companies with which our affiliated broker-dealer has established a relationship as an agent. Insurance products include both fixed and variable annuities, life insurance, and long-term care insurance. These products are purchased net of commission. This means that our affiliated broker- dealer does not earn income from the purchase. If a previously purchased product earned our affiliated broker-dealer a trailing commission, the assets that generate that commission are not charged an asset management fee. The Adviser does not make any representation that these products are available at the lowest cost and similar products 6 are available from other providers. The client is under no obligation to purchase insurance products from the Adviser or our affiliated broker-dealer. Types of Agreements The following agreements define the typical client relationships. Investment Management Agreement As part of the investment management service, (i) the material aspects of the client’s financial affairs are reviewed, (ii) realistic goals are set and (iii) objectives to reach those goals are determined. Following modern portfolio theory, the Adviser creates asset allocation models for its clients. An Advisory representative will recommend changes as the Adviser deems appropriate. The Adviser periodically reviews a client’s financial situation and portfolio through regular contact with the client, which includes an annual meeting. Adviser periodically updates the asset-allocation models and reviews the allocations in client portfolio. The Adviser will review and rebalance the portfolio as necessary. The Adviser agreement sets forth both service and fees. The agreement may be terminated by either party at any time. If the adviser terminates an agreement, the client will be given thirty days written notice. Financial Planning Agreement a insurance policies A financial plan may include, but is not limited to 1) a net worth statement; 2) a cash flow statement; 3) a review of investment accounts, including asset allocation and rebalancing recommendations; 4) strategic tax planning; 5) a review of retirement accounts and plans, including recommendations; 6) and review of recommendations for changes, if necessary; 7) retirement scenarios; 8) estate planning review and recommendations; and/or 9) education planning with funding recommendations, or 10) charitable giving. Financial planning services do not require the client use or purchase Investment Advisory services offered by the Adviser or any particular products. There is an inherent conflict of interest for the Adviser whenever a financial plan recommends use of professional investment management services. The Adviser does not make any representation that the products and services offered by LWM are offered at the lowest available cost. The client may be able to obtain the same products or services at a lower cost from other providers. The client is under no obligation to accept any of the recommendations of the Adviser or use any service of the Adviser in particular. 7 Tailored Relationships The goals and objectives for each client are documented as part of the client’s file. Clients may impose restrictions on investing in certain securities or types of securities that are detailed in the client’s Investment Management Agreement. Assignment of Investment Management Agreements Agreements may not be assigned without client consent. Termination of Agreements A client may terminate any of the aforementioned agreements at any time by notifying the Adviser or an Adviser Representative. Clients are charged pro rata for services provided through the date of the termination notice and any applicable administrative fees. If the client made an advance payment, the Adviser will refund any unearned portion of the advance payment. The Adviser reserves the right to terminate any engagement where a client has willfully concealed or has refused to provide pertinent information about financial situations when necessary and appropriate, in the Adviser’s judgment, to provide proper financial advice. The Adviser will provide thirty days written notice in the event that an engagement is terminated. Fees and Compensation – Item 5 Investment Management For those clients who contract with the Adviser for Investment Management Services, the Adviser will charge a standard investment management fee of one percent (1%), factored against the value of assets under management in a client’s account. Fees may be negotiated by the client, but in no case will exceed 1.75% of the value of assets under management. Fee calculations are made on the last business day of the calendar quarter by factoring the fee percentage against the value of the assets in the investment account and dividing the product of the calculation by 4. For accounts opened during the quarter, the fee will be prorated for that quarter according to the number of calendar days the account was under management. For clients terminating accounts before the end of a quarter, the portfolio value will be determined at the end of the prior full billing quarter, prorated by the number of days the account was managed during the quarter. The Adviser and its affiliate, Bruce A. Lefavi Securities, Inc. (“BLS”) do not charge a commission for executing trades or for customary transaction costs like clearing firm ticket charges, postage and handling fees, exchange fees and other fees generated by executing trades in advisory accounts by BLS. Other fees might be charged and not otherwise paid by the firm, such as SEC charges. Clients who have previously paid commissions to BLS as part of executing transactions recommended by the Adviser do not incur an investment management fee for those products. In cases where a client’s account contains products on which a commission was 8 paid to BLS, the Adviser will not include the commissioned product value when computing the quarterly fee for assets under management. In no instance will a client pay both a management fee to the Adviser as well as a commission paid to BLS for product execution. Clients should understand, however, that the fee waiver by the Adviser applies solely to products executed through the Adviser’s affiliate, BLS. Where a client has chosen a broker-dealer other than BLS to purchase or sell products, the Adviser will continue to charge its asset management fee as calculated above on all assets, including those assets not purchased at BLS. There is currently no minimum account size or minimum fee. Without limitation, the Adviser may waive investment fees and BLS may waive commissions on recommended products for employees of the Adviser and their families or families of existing clients. Financial Planning Financial planning is available to all advisory clients. There is no additional fee for financial plans – it is offered alongside our Investment Management Services for our standard 1% annual fee on assets under management. For individuals who are not advisory clients, compensation for financial planning including the creation of a financial plan, are agreed upon at the commencement of the engagement, usually during the first meeting of the client and the Adviser’s representative. This compensation is a flat fee for described services or may, in some instances, be based on an hourly rate for service. If the scope of the engagement changes during the course of creating the plan, the fee arrangement may be renegotiated to reflect the change. A Financial Planning Engagement ends upon delivery of a financial plan. Further services, as necessary, may be furnished after delivery of the financial plan. Compensation for such services is billed separately and is in addition to compensation for the financial plan. For individuals interested in becoming advisory clients, financial plans are often offered free of charge to determine whether there is a potential fit for advisory services. Fee Billing Investment management fees are billed quarterly, in advance. This means LWM invoices clients at the beginning of each billing period. Payment in full is expected upon invoice presentation. Fees are normally deducted from the client account to facilitate billing as authorized by the investment management agreement. However, clients may also pay by check. Fees for financial plans are initially billed at half of an agreed upon flat fee in order to commence work, and, upon delivery of the financial plan, an invoice for the balance is presented. If hourly rates are charged, the Adviser and client may otherwise agree on the method of payment. 9 Other Compensation Affiliated Broker-Dealer It is our business practice to avoid purchasing products which pay a commission to our affiliated broker-dealer. However, BLS may erroneously receive overrides, reallowances, or trailing fees in conjunction with selling insurance products or alternative investments to advisory clients. Any compensation received in this manner will be returned to the issuer or to the advisory client. If BLS earned a commission on past investments clients will not pay a management fee on that investment. Clients are always free to purchase products from another, unaffiliated, broker-dealer. Other Fees Clients will likely incur fees from non LWM affiliated brokerage firms, custodians, administrators and other service providers. These fees are charged by the service provider, not LWM or BLS. The amount and nature of these fees is based on the service provider’s fee schedule(s) at the provider’s sole discretion. These fees are separate and distinct from any fees charged by the Adviser or our affiliated broker-dealer. Mutual funds, exchange traded funds (ETFs), variable annuity products and other managed products or partnerships are often investments in clients’ portfolios. Clients may be charged for services performed by the providers/managers of these products in addition to the management fee paid to the Adviser. The fees and expenses charged by the product providers are separate and distinct from the management fee charged by the Adviser. These fees will generally include a management fee, other fund expenses and a possible distribution fee. If a client’s portfolio contains corporate debt or other types of over-the- counter securities, the client may also pay a mark-up or mark-down to the broker or dealer on the other side of the transaction. The mark-up or mark-down is included in the purchase price of the security and is not received by BLS or LWM. Clients can invest in these products directly, without the services of the Adviser. Accordingly, the client should review both the fees charged by the funds and the applicable program fee charged by the Adviser to understand the total amount of fees to be paid by the client and to evaluate the Advisory services provided. These charges are generally outlined in the prospectus of products selected like mutual funds or offering memoranda of other investments. 10 Performance Fees – Item 6 LWM fees are not based on a share of the capital gains or capital appreciation of managed securities. However, the Adviser may from time to time select investments that charge a performance fee in which the Adviser does not participate. For these investments, refer to their offering memorandum for an explanation of performance fees. Types of Clients – Item 7 The Adviser primarily provides advice to individuals, however, may also advise pension and profit-sharing plans, trusts, estates, charitable organizations, corporations, or business entities. Client relationships vary in scope and length of service. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss – Item 8 Methods of Analysis Security analysis methods used by the Adviser may include fundamental and technical analysis. The main sources of information include financial newspapers, magazines, and online resources, research materials prepared by others, corporate rating services, annual reports, prospectuses, filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, company press releases and specialty research providers such as Morningstar’s Mutual Fund Rating Service as well as other data providers. Technical and fundamental analysis focuses on the merits of the issuers and trading patterns of individual securities. Investment Strategies LWM bases its investment advice on Modern Portfolio Theory. Diversification and asset allocation are hallmarks of this strategy. Modern portfolio theory determines the allocation of assets between investment classes and seeks diversified selections of securities types, asset classes, and industry sectors to maximize the expected return on a portfolio within the framework of the amount of risk the portfolio’s owner is willing to bear. The primary investment strategy used with client accounts is strategic asset allocation utilizing mutual funds and exchange traded funds. Portfolios may also contain equities, bonds, and alternative investments when appropriate. Portfolios are generally globally diversified to control the risk associated with specific markets. When LWM decides to use alternative investments, like Real Estate Investment Trusts, the goal is non-correlation with the equity markets, steady distribution income, which may or may not be taken from operating expenses, and potential tax advantages. Investors should be aware that these goals often come with illiquidity risk and that non- traded alternatives are often associated with higher fees than other investments. LWM offers only non-traded alternatives that can be purchased net-of-commission, thereby 11 waiving any commission that our affiliated broker-dealer would otherwise earn. However, clients may still be responsible for any internal product fees not passed on to BLS, as described in the various offering documents. The investment strategy for a specific client is based upon the objectives stated by the client during consultations. The client may change these objectives at any time. Clients may be required to execute an Investment Policy Statement that documents their objectives and their desired investment strategy. The Adviser’s strategies do not involve frequent trading or market timing. Market, Security and Regulatory Risks Any investment with the Adviser involves risk of loss. While extremely rare, clients should be prepared to bear a complete loss of capital. All investment strategies have certain risks that are borne by the investor. These are described below: Market Risks Market Volatility: Prices of publicly traded securities change rapidly during market hours. Even outside of market hours, everchanging information can put pressure in either direction on a security’s price. Clients should expect the value of their portfolio to change constantly. The profitability of a client’s Account depends in part on the Adviser correctly assessing the future price movements of stocks, bonds, and other securities and the movements of interest rates. The Adviser cannot guarantee that it will be successful in predicting price and interest rate movements. LWM’s Investment Activities: The Adviser’s investment activities involve a degree of risk of loss. The performance of any investment is subject to numerous factors which are neither within the control of nor predictable by the Adviser. Such factors include a wide range of economic, political, competitive, technological and other conditions (including acts of terrorism and war) that may affect investments in general or specific industries or companies. The securities markets may be volatile, which may adversely affect the ability of the Adviser to realize profits. Material Non-Public Information: The Adviser and/or its affiliates and their respective personnel may acquire confidential or material non- public information which will restrict the Adviser and BLS from initiating transactions in certain securities. The Adviser may be unable to initiate a transaction because of these restrictions. Accuracy of Public Information: The Adviser selects investments, in part, by relying on information and data filed by issuers with various government regulators or made directly available to the Adviser by the issuers or through sources other than the issuers. Although the Adviser evaluates such information and seeks independent corroboration when 12 it is considered appropriate and reasonably available, the Adviser is not in a position to confirm the completeness, genuineness or accuracy of such information and data, and in some cases, complete and accurate information is not available. investments Investments in Undervalued Securities. The Adviser may invest in undervalued securities. The identification of investment opportunities in such “value” investing is a difficult task, and there are no assurances that such opportunities will occur. While in undervalued securities may offer the opportunities for capital appreciation, these investments involve a high degree of financial risk and can result in substantial losses. Returns generated from the Adviser’s investments may not adequately compensate for the business and financial risks assumed. Small Companies. The Adviser may invest a portion of its assets in small and/or unseasoned companies with small market capitalization. Although smaller companies may have potential for more rapid growth than large companies, those investments involve higher risks. Smaller companies may lack the management experience, financial resources, capital, liquidity, product diversification and competitive strength of larger companies. In addition, in many instances, the frequency and volume of trading in those shares may be substantially less than is typical of larger companies. As a result, the securities of smaller companies may be subject to wider price fluctuations, volatility and illiquidity. Leverage: When deemed appropriate by the Adviser and subject to applicable regulations, the Adviser may employ leverage in its investment program, whether directly through the use of borrowed funds, or indirectly through investment in certain types of financial instruments with inherent leverage. While such strategies and techniques increase the opportunity to achieve higher returns on the amounts invested, they also increase the risk of loss. Market or Interest Rate Risk: The price of most fixed income securities move in the opposite direction of the change in interest rates. For example, as interest rates rise, the price of fixed income securities generally falls. If the Adviser holds a fixed income security to maturity, the change in its price before maturity may have little impact on the Adviser’s performance (assuming no default/insolvency); however, if the Adviser has to sell the fixed income security before the maturity date, an increase in interest rates could result in a loss. Fixed Income Call Option Risk: Many bonds, including agency, corporate and municipal bonds, as well as mortgage-backed securities, contain a provision that allows the issuer to “call” all or part of the issue before the bond’s maturity date. The issuer usually retains this right to refinance the 13 bond in the future if market interest rates decline below the coupon rate. There are disadvantages to the call provision. First, the cash flow pattern of a callable bond is not known with certainty. Second, because the issuer will call the bonds when interest rates have dropped, the Adviser’s clients are exposed to reinvestment rate risk – the Adviser will have to reinvest the proceeds received when the bond is called at lower interest rates. In such incidents, the capital appreciation potential of a bond will be reduced because the price of a callable bond may not rise much above the price at which the issuer may call the bond. Inflation Risk: Inflation risk results from the variation in the value of cash flows from a security due to inflation, as measured in terms of purchasing power. For example, if the Adviser purchases a 5-year bond in which it can realize a coupon rate of 5%, but the rate of inflation is 6%, then the purchasing power of the cash flow has declined by 1%. For all but inflation-linked bonds, adjustable bonds or floating rate bonds, the Adviser is exposed to inflation risk because the interest rate the issuer promises to make is fixed for the life of the security. Investments in Non-U.S. Investments From time to time, the Adviser may invest in non-U.S. securities and other assets (through ADRs and otherwise), which will give rise to risks relating to political, social and economic developments abroad, as well as risks resulting from the differences between the regulations to which U.S. and foreign issuers and markets are subject. Such risks may include: • Political or social instability, the seizure by foreign governments of company assets, acts of war or terrorism, withholding taxes on dividends and interest, high or confiscatory tax levels, and limitations on the use or transfer of portfolio assets. • Enforcing legal rights in some foreign countries is difficult, costly and slow, and there are sometimes special problems enforcing claims against foreign governments. • Foreign securities and other assets often trade in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, and the Adviser may seek to indirectly hedge or limit exposure to foreign currencies. In pursuit of that objective, the Adviser may purchase and sell foreign currencies through forward exchange contracts. Such exposure techniques may or may not be effective and would create additional costs. Changes in currency exchange rates will affect the Adviser’s net asset value, the value of dividends and interest earned, and gains and losses realized on the sale of investments. An increase in the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to these other currencies may cause the value of the Adviser’s investments to decline. Some foreign currencies can be particularly volatile, and the relative strength or weakness of any particular currency to the US dollar 14 it is a “pegged” currency). Foreign fluctuates over time (unless governments may intervene in the currency markets, causing a decline in value or liquidity of the Adviser’s foreign currency holdings. If the Adviser enters into forward foreign currency exchange contracts for hedging purposes, it may lose the benefits of advantageous changes in exchange rates. On the other hand, if the Adviser enters forward contracts for the purpose of increasing return, it may sustain losses with negative currency valuation adjustments. • Non-U.S. securities, commodities and other markets may be less liquid, more volatile and less closely supervised by the government than in the United States. Some foreign countries lack uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, and there may be less public information about the operations of issuers in such markets. Risk of Default or Bankruptcy of Third Parties The Adviser may engage in transactions in securities, commodities, other financial instruments and other assets that involve counterparties. Under certain conditions, the Adviser could suffer losses if a counterparty to a transaction were to default or if the market for certain securities, commodities, other financial instruments and/or other assets were to become illiquid. Regulatory Risks Strategy Restrictions: Certain institutions may be restricted from directly utilizing investment strategies of the type in which the Adviser may engage. Such institutions, including entities subject to ERISA, should consult their own Advisers, counsel and accountants to determine what restrictions may apply and whether conducting business with the Adviser is appropriate in light of the Adviser’s investment management style and strategies. Trading Limitations: For all securities, instruments and/or assets listed on an exchange, the exchange generally has the right to suspend or limit trading under certain circumstances. Such suspensions or limits could render certain strategies difficult to complete or continue and subject the Adviser to loss. Also, such a suspension could render it impossible for the Adviser to liquidate positions and thereby expose the Adviser to potential losses. Conflicts of Interest: In the administration of client accounts, portfolios and financial reporting, the Adviser faces various inherent conflicts of interest, which are described in this brochure. The Adviser follows a Code of Ethics that provides that the client’s interest is always held above that of the Firm and its associated persons. 15 Supervision of Trading Operations: The Adviser supervises and monitors trading activity in the portfolio accounts to foster compliance with all objectives. Despite the Adviser’s efforts, however, there is a risk that unauthorized or otherwise inappropriate trading activity may occur in portfolio accounts. Security Specific Risks Depending on the nature of the investment management service selected by a client and the securities used to implement the investment strategy, clients will be exposed to risks that are specific to the securities in their particular investment portfolio. Liquidity: Liquidity is the ability to readily convert an investment into cash. Securities where there is a ready market that is traded through an exchange are generally more liquid. Securities traded over-the-counter or that do not have a ready market or are thinly traded are less liquid and may face material discounts in price level in a liquidation situation. Limited Liquidity of Interests: An investment in a partnership usually involves substantial restrictions on liquidity and its interests are not freely transferable. There is no market for these interests and no market is expected to develop. Additionally, transfers are usually subject to the consent of the general partner at the general partner’s sole discretion. Investors in these types of investments may be unable to liquidate them in response to client needs. Lack of Registration: Private Funds or many Limited Partnership interests have neither been registered under the Securities Act nor under the securities or “blue sky” laws of any state and, therefore, are subject to transfer restrictions under The Securities Laws. Withdrawal of Capital: The ability to withdraw funds from private funds or Limited Partnership interests is usually restricted in accordance with the withdrawal provisions contained in an Offering Memorandum. In addition, substantial withdrawals by investors within a short period of time could require a fund to liquidate securities positions and other investments more rapidly than would otherwise be desirable, possibly reducing the value of the fund’s assets and/or disrupting the fund’s investment strategy. Disciplinary Information – Item 9 LWM has one disclosed event. In 2019, LWM entered into a settlement related to proceedings arising from breaches of fiduciary duty and disclosure failures in connection with its recommendation and 16 investment of client assets in non-traded real estate investment trusts, business development companies, and private placements, from June 2014 through December 2016. LWM was censured and ordered to pay a civil monetary penalty of $150,000 and disgorgement of $994,296.10. Bruce Lefavi has three disclosed events. In 2012, a client alleged funds were lost due to not being invested. The complaint was settled later in 2012. In 2014, the Financial Industry Regulatory Agency (FINRA) found that Bruce Lefavi and our affiliated broker-dealer, BLS, violated advertising rules and sold unregistered securities. The matter was settled in 2014, FINRA imposed a fine of $75,000, paid jointly and severally by our BLS and Bruce Lefavi, and a ten (10) day suspension of Bruce Lefavi in the capacity of a principal. He remained a financial adviser and a Registered Representative during the suspension. In 2014, a client alleged that Bruce Lefavi sold them an unsuitable investment in illiquid products. BLS settled the complaint. BLS has two disclosed events. In 2014, the Financial Industry Regulatory Agency (FINRA) found that our affiliated broker-dealer, along with Bruce Lefavi, violated advertising rules and sold unregistered securities. See above. The broker-dealer was fined jointly and severally for $75,000. In 2017, BLS was censured and fined $25,000 for violations of content standards of FINRA rule 2210, since certain communications failed to identify risks associated with REITs and BDCs, omitted material facts, contained inaccurate descriptions; and violated FINRA rule 3110(B) requiring a reasonable supervisory system and written supervisory procedures concerning fee-based accounts. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations – Item 10 Brokerage Affiliations The Adviser is affiliated by common ownership with BLS. Registered representatives of BLS are also investment adviser representatives of the Investment Adviser, LWM. When effecting brokerage transactions, dually registered personnel, serving generally as both Investment Adviser Representatives and Registered Representatives, are permitted to exercise discretionary authority on behalf of clients in the capacity of Investment Adviser Representatives. Although trading activity is routed through BLS, advisory clients are not charged pass-through fees, such as postage and handling or ticket charges. BLS does not earn a commission on these transactions. If BLS receives compensation generated by holdings in an advisory account, these will be reimbursed to the client either directly as a cash credit, or in the form of a credit toward the next quarterly advisory fee. 17 The Adviser discloses that brokerage services provided by BLS are sometimes not the lowest cost available and clients may be able to obtain those services and/or products at a more favorable rate from other brokerage firms. Clients of the Adviser are not required is making to use the brokerage services offered by BLS even though LWM recommendations regarding investments. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading – Item 11 Code of Ethics The LWM Code of Ethics establishes standards of conduct for its supervised persons. It includes general requirements that supervised persons comply with their fiduciary obligations to clients and applicable securities laws, and specific requirements relating to, among other things, personal trading, insider trading, conflicts of interest and confidentiality of client information. It requires supervised persons to report their personal securities transactions and holdings to the Adviser’s Compliance Officer and requires the Compliance Officer to review those reports. It also requires supervised persons to report any violations of the Code of Ethics promptly to the Adviser’s Compliance Officer. Each supervised person of the Adviser receives a copy of the Code of Ethics and any amendments to it and must acknowledge in writing having received the materials. Annually, each supervised person must certify that he or she complied with the Code of Ethics during that year. Clients and prospective clients may obtain a copy of the Adviser’s Code of Ethics by contacting the Compliance Officer of the Adviser. Participation or Interest in Client Transactions Under the Adviser’s Code of Ethics, the Adviser and its managers, members, officers and employees may invest personally in securities of the same classes as are purchased for clients and may own securities of the issuers whose securities are subsequently purchased for clients. If an issue is purchased or sold for clients and any of the Adviser managers, members, officers and employees on the same day purchase or sell the same security, either the clients and the Adviser managers, members, officers or employees shall receive or pay the same price, or the clients shall receive a more favorable price. The Adviser and its managers, members, officers and employees may also buy or sell specific securities for their own accounts based on personal investment considerations, which the Adviser does not deem appropriate to buy or sell for clients. Personal Trading The Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser reviews employee trades periodically. The personal trading reviews are conducted to consider and avoid situations where the personal trading of employees would affect markets or otherwise receive preferential pricing vis-à-vis the clients. 18 Brokerage Practices – Item 12 Brokerage Selection Clients are free to choose any broker-dealer through whom they wish to execute transactions recommended by the Adviser. The client is also free to designate a custodian for their account. If the client chooses not to designate a specific broker-dealer to execute transactions to custody assets, the Adviser will execute transactions through and custody assets with Charles Schwab, Inc. (“Schwab”), a registered broker-dealer, member SIPC, which is not affiliated with LWM. Clients may also choose to use our affiliated broker- dealer, BLS, to execute trades and custody assets with BLS’ clearing firm, StoneX, Inc., which is also a registered broker-dealer, member SIPC. The Adviser, when recommending Schwab, BLS or any other broker-dealer or custodian, will seek to achieve best execution of transactions. Best execution requires the Adviser determine the most efficient, reasonable method and service for trade execution at the reasonably best and advantageous price. In making this determination, the Adviser will not select competitive bids, and may not achieve the absolutely lowest price to execute trades. It will, however, use reasonable diligence to achieve the most advantageous order execution given prevailing market conditions. In making its determination, the Adviser will review among other things the following factors: price, cost, spread of execution, likelihood of execution and settlement, efficiency of broker in achieving execution and settlement, size of the order, difficulty in obtaining execution, whether criteria like volume discounts from certain sellers are available to achieve discounted prices, and any other characteristic which may affect the efficiency and cost of effecting execution. Soft Dollars Research and related services furnished by brokers may include, but are not limited to, written information and analyses concerning specific securities, companies or sectors; market, financial and economic studies and forecasts; financial publications; etc. The Adviser strives for the best price and execution costs and discounts which are competitive in relation to the value of the transaction and which comply with Section 28€ of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Adviser also takes into account the financial stability and reputation of firms and services provided by such brokers. The client may not, in any particular instance, be the sole direct or indirect beneficiary of services provided. The Adviser is under no obligation to transact business with any particular broker-dealer, including BLS. Products and Services Available from BLS Our affiliated broker-dealer provides us with the ability to offer unique products that otherwise may not be available to clients. Examples include 1031 exchanges, direct participation programs and limited partnerships, and other non-registered securities. BLS also provides us with access to several publicly registered, non-traded products, such as Real Estate Investment Trusts and Business Development Companies. 19 Products and Services Available from Schwab Schwab Advisor Services™ is Schwab’s business serving independent investment advisory firms like us. They provide our clients and us with access to their institutional brokerage services (trading, custody, reporting and related services), many of which are not typically available to Schwab retail customers. Schwab also makes available various support services. Some of those services help us manage or administer our clients’ accounts, while others help us manage and grow our business. Schwab’s support services are generally available on an unsolicited basis (we don’t have to request them) and at no additional charge to us. Services That Benefit You Schwab’s institutional brokerage services include access to a broad range of investment products, execution of securities transactions, and custody of client assets. The investment products available through Schwab include some to which we might not otherwise have access or that would require a significantly higher minimum initial investment by our clients. Schwab also has minimal fees that are passed to the client – currently only wire fees of $25 are passed through to you. Additionally, Schwab offers our clients access to various banking products, like a Pledged Asset Line (a revolving non-purpose securities-based line of credit), at competitive rates. Schwab’s services described in this paragraph generally benefit you and your account. Services That May Not Directly Benefit You Schwab also makes available to us products and services that benefit us but may not directly benefit you or your account. These products and services assist us in managing and administering our clients’ accounts. They include investment research, both Schwab’s own and that of third parties. We may use this research to service all or a substantial number of our clients’ accounts, including accounts not maintained at Schwab. In addition, Schwab also makes available software and other technology that provides access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account statements), facilitates trade execution and aggregated allocation of trade orders for multiple client accounts, provides pricing and other market data, facilitates payment of our fees functions, from our clients’ accounts, assists with back-office recordkeeping, and client reporting. Services That Generally Benefit Only Us Schwab also offers services intended to help us manage and further develop our business enterprise. These services include educational conferences and events, consultations on technology, compliance, legal, and business needs, publications and conferences on practice management and business succession, access to employee benefits insurance providers, providers, human capital consultants, and 20 marketing consultants and support. Schwab may provide some of these services itself. In other cases, it will arrange for third-party vendors to provide the services to us. Schwab may also discount or waive its fees for some of these services or pay all or part of a third party’s fees. Schwab may also provide us with other benefits such as occasional business entertainment for our personnel. Our Interest in Schwab’s Services The availability of these services from Schwab benefits us because we do not have to produce or purchase them directly. We don’t pay directly for Schwab’s services. This creates an incentive to recommend that you maintain your account with Schwab, based on or interest in receiving Schwab’s services that benefit our business and Schwab’s payment for services for which we would otherwise have to pay rather than based on your interest in receiving the best value in custody services and the most favorable execution of your transactions. This is a conflict of interest. We believe, however, that our selection of Schwab as a custodian and broker is in the best interests of our clients. Our selection is primarily supported in increasing our ability to provide clients with superior service, in the scope, quality, and price of Schwab’s services and not Schwab’s services that benefit only us. Order Aggregation Because we work with clients on an individual basis, LWM does not generally aggregate trades. Directing Brokerage for Client Referrals The Adviser does not direct brokerage for client referrals. Directed Brokerage The Adviser generally does not allow clients to direct brokerage. Review of Accounts – Item 13 Periodic Reviews Account reviews are performed no less than annually by the Investment Adviser Representatives. They are instructed to consider the client’s current security positions and the likelihood that the performance of each security will contribute to the investment objectives of the client. The Chief Compliance Officer samples client accounts periodically to review activity in the account and investment suitability. Review Triggers Accounts are reviewed no less than annually or more frequently when market conditions dictate. Other conditions that may trigger a review are 21 changes in the tax laws, new investment information, significant market movements and changes in a client’s financial or personal situation. Regular Reports Adviser provides a quarterly statement to the client summarizing the value of the client’s portfolio. In addition, the Adviser will provide an investment report to the client when the client attends an annual review. This report details the performance of the portfolio and the holdings in the entire portfolio. This report is used as the basis to make any needed changes to the client’s portfolio. In addition, clients receive statements of account positions no less than quarterly from the account custodian. Clients should use the statement from the custodian as the official statement of the account’s position and value and compare that statement with other statements and reports provided by the Adviser. If discrepancies exist, clients should notify the Adviser. Client Referrals and Other Compensation – Item 14 Incoming Client Referrals The Adviser receives client referrals which may come from current clients, estate planning attorneys, accountants, employees, personal friends of employees and other similar sources. Adviser does not compensate referring parties for referrals or accept referral fees or any compensation when a prospect is referred to a third party. Conflicts of Interest LWM offers clients advisory account services and charges an asset management fee. Generally, LWM recommends that Schwab act as custodian for advisory accounts. Schwab charges LWM an asset-based fee on client assets held with Schwab. Our affiliated broker- dealer, BLS, offers products to buy and/or sell and charges a transaction-based commission. Generally, BLS uses StoneX as a custodian for brokerage accounts. A client is free to choose either type of account when considering the services of LWM and/or BLS. Since LWM and/or BLS are paid different compensation based on the type of account a client chooses, a conflict of interest exists or may exist when a representative makes a recommendation of one type of account rather than the other. The Advisor endeavors to give clients cost information on each type of account as part of its recommendations, so the client can decide which type of account is appropriate for them. BLS has at times received certain transaction-based compensation, whether at point of sale or through trailing compensation, paid by sponsors of various products like mutual funds. The receipt of such compensation creates a conflict of interest since representatives are incentivized or may be incentivized to make recommendations which favor products paying a particular type of compensation. As an example, without limitation, where a mutual fund pays trailing 12b-1 compensation for products, the purchase of such fund may increase client costs or reduce client returns 22 on such investments. The advisor representative acting as a registered representative of BLS is incentivized to recommend such products based in part on compensation received. The Adviser seeks to remedy these conflicts in the following way. First, the Adviser has for the most part eliminated and will not select mutual funds which pay trailing compensation where other choices are available, like adviser funds, which offer reasonably comparative features. If such advisor funds are not available, the Adviser will credit the client against any advisor fee charging 12b-1 compensation received by BLS. Secondly, the Advisor will not include in its calculation of the adviser fee the value of assets of advisory clients which generated a commission for BLS. Only those products for which BLS did not receive a commission will be included in the assets under management collection. investment recommendations which Clients can decide not to accept include compensation described above. The client may choose to execute transactions through a broker-dealer other than BLS which also eliminates compensation conflicts of interest. Finally, LWM and/or BLS has a conflict of interest when recommending certain products which may pay BLS and/or LWM a “dealer concession” or marketing fee. This concession does not come from investor funds. Nevertheless, receipt of such concession or marketing fee incentivizes the Adviser and/or a representative to recommend a product paying the concession and/or marketing fee because it results in additional compensation to LWM and/or BLS. The existence of such a concession or fee and its amount will be disclosed by the Adviser before making any recommendations of a product which offers this concession or fee. We also receive an economic benefit from Schwab in the form of the support products and services it makes available to us and other investment advisors whose clients maintain their accounts at Schwab. In addition, Schwab has also agreed to pay for certain products and services for which we would otherwise have to pay once the value of our clients’ assets in accounts at Schwab reaches a certain amount. These products and services, how the benefit us, and the related conflicts of interest are described above (See Brokerage Practices – Item 12). Custody – Item 15 Custody Policy The Adviser does not accept or permit itself or its employees to obtain custody of client assets including cash or securities, or act as trustee, provide bill paying service, have password access to accounts or have any other form of control over client assets. All checks or wire transfers to fund client accounts are required to be made out to/sent to the account custodian. 23 Account Statements All assets are held at qualified custodians and the custodians provide account statements not less frequently than quarterly to clients at their address of record. Clients should carefully review such statements for any discrepancies or inaccuracies. We urge you to compare custodian statements with the quarterly report you receive from LWM. Performance Reports Pursuant to amendments to Rule 206(4) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Securities and Exchange Commission requires advisers to urge clients to compare the information set forth in their statement from the Adviser, if the Adviser sends separate statements/reports, with the statements received directly from the custodian to ensure accuracy of all account transactions. Investment Discretion – Item 16 Discretionary authority is granted either by the Adviser’s investment management agreement and/or by a separate limited power of attorney where such document is required. The Adviser has the authority to choose, without obtaining specific client consent, investments for a client account. A firm’s discretionary authority regarding investments may however be subject to certain limitations. These limitations are recognized as the restrictions and prohibitions placed by the client. All such restrictions must be agreed in writing. If the Adviser is not granted discretionary authority, all transactions require approval by the client prior to execution. Voting Client Securities – Item 17 LWM will vote all proxies received on behalf of clients for securities and investments held in the client’s portfolio in custody with Schwab, provided the client has authorized LWM to do so and LWM has discretionary authority to buy or sell the security on behalf of the client. In order to be eligible for voting, the cumulative market value of the security held in all LWM Client Accounts must be greater than $150,000. For ERISA accounts, LWM will vote proxies unless the plan documents specifically reserve the plan sponsor’s right to vote proxies. For those clients who have retained the right to vote their own proxies and for clients of our affiliated broker-dealer, LWM will send any proxy voting information as received to the client’s address of record. Lefavi shall vote proxies related to securities held by any client in a manner solely in the best interests of the client. Lefavi shall consider only those factors that relate to the client’s investment, including how its vote will economically impact and affect the value of the client’s investment. Proxy votes will be cast in favor of proposals that maintain or strengthen the shared interests of shareholders and management, increase shareholder 24 value, and maintain or increase the rights of shareholders. Proxy votes will be cast against proposals having the opposite effect. Unless exceptional circumstances exist, Lefavi will vote against proposals that make it more difficult to replace Board members. In voting on each and every issue, Lefavi shall vote in a prudent and diligent fashion and only after a careful evaluation of the issue presented on the ballot. Proxy Voting Guidelines Prior to electing to follow any specific guidelines, LWM will: • • Determine the impact of following such guidelines on all clients, including whether the guidelines would be more appropriate for one group of clients and not for the others; Identify any direct or indirect benefits that might flow to Lefavi as a result of choosing one guideline over the other guidelines; • Address any conflicts of interest raised by the selection of such guidelines by following the Proxy Voting Conflicts of Interest section of these Procedures; and, • Refrain from using such guidelines if it provides an advantage to one group of clients while disadvantaging or otherwise not being in the best interest of any of the remaining clients. Proxy Voting Conflicts of Interest Lefavi recognizes that conflicts between itself and clients may arise in voting the proxies of public companies and that these conflicts must be addressed. Where appropriate, Lefavi will provide the client with sufficient information regarding the shareholder vote and Lefavi’s potential conflict to the client and obtain the client’s consent before voting or abstain from voting conflicted shares if no consent or written instructions are received. Proxy Voting Disclosure On an annual basis, LWM will send clients a copy of our Proxy Voting policies and procedures disclosure. Clients may request a complete version of our policies and procedures regarding proxy voting and they may obtain a record of how their proxies were voted by contacting us at 801-486-9000 or by email at compliance@lefavi.com. Financial Information – Item 18 The Adviser does not have any financial impairment that precludes it from meeting contractual commitments to clients. The Adviser has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition in the last 10 years. The Adviser is not required to provide a balance sheet as it does not serve as a custodian for client funds or securities and does not require prepayment of fees of more than $1,200 per client and six months or more in advance. 25 Exhibit A – Business Continuity Plan The Adviser has a Business Continuity Plan in place that provides detailed steps to mitigate and recover from the loss of office space, communications, services or key people. Disasters The Business Continuity Plan covers natural disasters such as snowstorms, hurricanes, tornados, earthquakes, and flooding. The Plan covers man-made disasters such as loss of electrical power, loss of water pressure, fire, bomb threat, nuclear emergency, chemical event, biological event, T-1-communications line outage, Internet outage, railway accident and aircraft accident. Electronic files are backed up daily and archived offsite. Alternate Sites Alternate sites are identified to support ongoing operations in the event the main office is unavailable. It is our intention to contact all clients within five days of a disaster that dictates moving our office to an alternate location. In the event of an emergency, clients may access their funds through contacting the custodians of their investments by the means printed on the clients’ statements from those custodians. Summary of Business Continuity Plan A summary of the business continuity plan is available upon request to Lefavi Wealth Management’s Chief Compliance Officer. 26 Exhibit B – Information Security Program Information Security The Adviser maintains an information security program to reduce the risk that your personal and confidential information may be breached. This program includes password protected files and devices, encryption, multi-factor authentication, and verification of requests to transfer funds. Privacy Practices Privacy Policy Below is a summary of the Adviser’s Privacy Policy regarding client personal information. A complete version of the Privacy Policy is provided to clients along with the client Advisory agreement and may be obtained by contacting the Compliance Officer of the Adviser. a) The Adviser Collects non-public personal information about its clients from the following sources: • Information received from clients on applications or other forms • Information about clients’ transactions with the Adviser, its affiliates and others • Information received from our correspondent clearing broker with respect to client accounts • Medical information submitted as part of an insurance application for a traditional life or variable life policy • Information received from service bureaus or other third parties b) The Adviser will not share such information with any affiliated or nonaffiliated third party except: • When necessary to complete a transaction in a customer account, such as with the clearing firm or account custodians • When required to maintain or service a customer account • To resolve customer disputes or inquiries • With persons acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity on behalf of the customer • With rating agencies, persons assessing compliance with industry standards, or to the attorneys, accountants and auditors of the firm • In connection with a sale or merger of the Adviser’s business • To protect against or prevent actual or potential fraud, identity theft, unauthorized transactions, claims or other liability • To comply with federal, state or local laws, rules and other applicable legal requirements • In connection with a written agreement to provide investment management or Advisory services when the information is released 27 for the sole purpose of providing the products or services covered by the agreement • In any circumstances with the customer’s instruction or consent c) The Adviser restricts access to confidential client information to individuals who are authorized to have access to confidential client information and need to know that information to provide services to clients. d) The Adviser maintains physical, electronic and procedural security measures that comply with applicable state and federal regulations to safeguard confidential client information. 28 Disclosure Brochure – Part 2B of Form ADV Item1–Cover Page Lefavi Wealth Management, Inc. 2323 Foothill Drive, Suite 100 Salt Lake City, Utah 84109 www.lefavi.com Ph (801) 486-9000 Fax (801) 486-9058 compliance@lefavi.om This Brochure Supplement provides information about principals and investment adviser representatives of Lefavi Wealth Management. If you are receiving this Brochure Supplement, then you should have received a copy of Brochure itself. Please contact the Chief Compliance Officer at (801) 486-9000, or by email at: compliance@lefavi.com if you did not receive the Lefavi Wealth Management Brochure or if you have any questions about the contents of this supplement. The information in the Brochure and the Brochure Supplement have not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or by any state securities authority. Additional information about the firm and its Investment Advisory Representatives is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Effective Date of Brochure: March 31, 2025 28 Education and Business Standards – Item 2 Lefavi Wealth Management requires that Advisers have a bachelor's degree and further coursework or work experience demonstrating knowledge of investment management principles. FINRA licensing is required or must be obtained because the Adviser requires that its Investment Adviser Representatives are also registered with its affiliated broker-dealer. Examples of acceptable coursework may include: an MBA, a CFP, CFA, ChFC, JD, CTFA, or CPA. Bachelor’s and/or master’s degrees from accredited, reputable universities in the area(s) of Finance, Economics, Business, or Accounting are also examples of acceptable coursework. Alternatively, Investment Adviser Representatives must have work experience that demonstrates their aptitude for investment management. Professional Certifications Employees have earned certifications and credentials that are required to be explained in further detail. Their individual education and business backgrounds are detailed below. 29 Stuart Enterline Date of birth: 9/8/1992 CRD #: 6828729 Educational Background Series 7, 24 and 66 - BS Finance, BS Economics, and BS Accounting – Penn State University – May 2017 - Business Experience Lefavi Wealth Management, June 2017 – Present JPMorgan Chase Corporate & Investment Bank OTC Derivatives - Bruce A. Lefavi Securities, Inc, June 2017 – Present - - Disciplinary Information – Items 3 & 7 Mr. Enterline does not currently have any legal or disciplinary events, arbitrations, FINRA or other regulatory disciplinary actions, and no bankruptcies. Other Business Activities – Item 4 • Bruce A. Lefavi Securities Inc. Stuart Enterline is a Registered Representative with Bruce A. Lefavi Securities, Inc. Clients are under no obligation to purchase securities or advisory services through Bruce A Lefavi Securities. • Top Hat Investments, LLC Stuart Enterline is a Managing Member of Top Hat Investments. Top Hat Investments owns and manages commercial real estate. Additional Compensation – Item 5 In the course of business, Mr. Enterline does not receive economic benefit from non-clients for providing advisory services. As part of due diligence and research, Mr. Enterline may receive benefits from attending sales conferences that are sponsored by vendors. Supervision – Item 6 The Sales Supervisor, Jay Greenburg, reviews Mr. Enterline’s work through frequent office interactions as well as remote interactions and through our client relationship management system and routine reviews and audits. Phone: (800) 998-2427, Email: Compliance@lefavi.com 30 Jay Greenburg Date of birth: 4/26/1966 CRD #: 6153353 Educational Background FINRA Series Registrations: 7, 66, 24 Life and Health Insurance License - UofU BS Business Finance 1995 - - CFP® Certified Financial Planner - Business Experience Lefavi Wealth Management, 05-14-2018 – Present E*TRADE Oct-30 2017 to 5-13-2018 TD Ameritrade Jan 8, 2013 through June 20 2017 TD Ameritrade Investools (unlicensed) Dec 9 2010 through Jan 7 2013 - Bruce A. Lefavi Securities, Inc, 05-14-2018 – Present - - - - - MetaStock (unlicensed) 1999 Disciplinary Information – Items 3 & 7 Mr. Greenburg has no disciplinary events, arbitrations, FINRA or other regulatory disciplinary actions, and no bankruptcies. Other Business Activities – Item 4 • Bruce A. Lefavi Securities Inc. Jay V. Greenburg is a Registered Representative with Bruce A. Lefavi Securities, Inc. Clients are under no obligation to purchase securities or advisory services through Bruce A Lefavi Securities, Inc. • GLG Consultants Jay V. Greenburg participates in studies from time to time with GLG Consultants. Theses studies generally are for the benefit of industry participants, like mutual fund companies. Additional Compensation – Item 5 In the course of business, Mr. Greenburg does not receive economic benefit from non-clients for providing advisory services. As part of due diligence and research, Mr. Greenburg may receive benefits from attending sales conferences that are sponsored by vendors. Supervision – Item 6 The Chief Compliance Officer reviews Mr. Greenburg’s work through frequent office interactions as well as remote interactions and through our client relationship management system and routine reviews and audits. Phone: (800) 998-2427, Email: Compliance@lefavi.com 31 Jeff Kemp Date of birth: 6/12/1977 CRD #: 5986765 Educational Background FINRA Series 66 and 7 Life Insurance License - B.S. Business Admin; 2003 - A.S. Economics, Business, General Studies; 2001 - - Business Experience Lefavi Wealth Management, 06-29-2018 – Present TD Ameritrade 05-2009 – 07-2017 - Bruce A. Lefavi Securities, Inc, 06-29-2018 – Present - - Raymond James 10-2017 – 06-2018 - Voya 09-2017 – 10-2017 - - HSBC 09-2003 – 02-2009 Disciplinary Information – Items 3 & 7 Mr. Kemp does not currently have any legal or disciplinary events, arbitrations, FINRA or other regulatory disciplinary actions, and no bankruptcies. Other Business Activities – Item 4 • Bruce A. Lefavi Securities Inc. Jeffrey Kemp is a Registered Representative with Bruce A. Lefavi Securities, Inc. Clients are under no obligation to purchase securities or advisory services through Bruce A Lefavi Securities, Inc. Additional Compensation – Item 5 In the course of business, Mr. Kemp does not receive economic benefit from non-clients for providing advisory services. As part of due diligence and research, Mr. Kemp may receive benefits from attending sales conferences that are sponsored by vendors. Supervision – Item 6 The Sales Supervisor, Jay Greenburg, reviews Mr. Kemp’s work through frequent office interactions as well as remote interactions and through our client relationship management system and routine reviews and audits. Phone: (800) 998-2427 Email: compliance@lefavi.com 32

Primary Brochure: ADV PART 2A APPENDIX 1 (2025-03-31)

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Wrap Fee Brochure Part 2A of Form ADV, Appendix 1 Lefavi Wealth Management, Inc. 2323 Foothill Drive, Suite 100 Salt Lake City, Utah 8419 Ph (800) 422-9997 Fax (801) 486-9058 lefavi@lefavi.com This Wrap Fee Program brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Lefavi Wealth Management (“LWM” or “Adviser” or “we”) and its “Wrap Fee” program. LWM is an investment adviser registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Registration as an investment adviser does not imply any level of skill, training, aptitude or qualification Nevertheless, this document, coupled or use of the term “registered” with any conversations that you have with Lefavi Wealth Management, will provide you with information about which you can determine to hire or retain Lefavi Wealth Management. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at: (800) 998-2427, or by email at: compliance@lefavi.com. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or by any state securities authority. Additional information about the Adviser is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Clients are encouraged to review this Brochure and Brochure Supplements for our firm’s associates who advise clients for more information and the qualifications of our firm and our employees. ______________________________________________________________________________ Effective Date of Brochure: March 31, 2025 Material Changes – Item 2 The Material Changes section of this brochure will be updated when material changes occur or at least annually. This update incorporates an increase to our assets under management. Full Brochure Available Whenever you would like to receive a complete copy of our Firm Brochure including this Appendix 1, please contact us by telephone at: (800) 998-2427 or by email at: compliance@lefavi.com. 2 Table of Contents Item 3 MATERIAL CHANGES – ITEM 2 .....................................................................................................2 ADVISORY FEES AND COMPENSATION – ITEM 4 ..........................................................................4 ACCOUNT REQUIREMENTS AND TYPES OF CLIENTS – ITEM 5 .................................................... 10 PORTFOLIO MANAGER SELECTION AND EVALUATION – ITEM 6 ................................................ 10 CLIENT INFORMATION PROVIDED TO PORTFOLIO MANAGER – ITEM 7 ..................................... 11 CLIENT CONTACT WITH PORTFOLIO MANAGERS – ITEM 8 ........................................................ 12 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION – ITEM 9 ....................................................................................... 12 INVESTMENT DISCRETION ......................................................................................................... 19 VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES ....................................................................................................... 19 FINANCIAL INFORMATION ........................................................................................................ 20 3 Advisory Fees and Compensation – Item 4 Firm Description Lefavi Wealth Management, Inc., (“the Adviser” and “LWM”) was founded in 1980 and is an SEC registered investment adviser. The Adviser generally provides investment management services and financial planning services to separately managed accounts of clients. Most clients are high net worth individuals but may also include businesses, charitable entities, and retirement/pension accounts. The Adviser does not act as a custodian of client assets and the client maintains asset control. Assets are held in custody at either a clearing firm, a mutual fund company or its transfer agent, at the issuer (for non-certificated, privately placed securities) or some other duly authorized custodian, as discussed further below. The Adviser places trades for clients under discretionary authority granted by the client in the Advisory contract. Other professionals (e.g., lawyers, accountants, insurance agents, etc.) are engaged directly by the client on an as-needed basis. Any conflicts of interest arising out of the Adviser’s or its associated persons are disclosed in this brochure, as well as the Firm’s general advisory brochure, ADV Part 2A, of which this Wrap Fee Brochure is Appendix 1. The Lefavi Wrap Fee Program allows clients to pay a single fee for investment advisory services and associated custodial transaction costs. Note, however, that participation in the program could mean the client may ultimately pay more or less than the client would pay through a non-wrap fee program where a lower advisory fee is charged, but trade execution costs are passed directly through to the client by the executing broker. LWM, when recommending its wrap fee program to investors, often suggests using Charles Schwab & Co. (“Schwab”) as custodian for assets and executing broker. Schwab’s services are discussed infra. Principal Owners Stuart Enterline owns 100% of the Adviser. Types of Advisory Services The Adviser provides investment supervisory services, manages investment advisory accounts not involving investment supervisory services, and furnishes investment advice to clients. LWM meets with each client to discuss the client’s current financial condition and review the client’s current investment holdings. We determine an appropriate asset allocation for the client’s portfolio, and make recommendations based on this. LWM reviews various criteria before making recommendations. Without limitation, these criteria include time horizon, risk tolerance, financial objectives, liquidity needs and resources available. The Adviser may also furnish advice to clients on matters not involving securities, such as financial planning matters generally, retirement planning, educational planning, charitable giving, long-term care insurance, taxation issues, and 4 trust services that often include estate planning as arranged through 3rd party Certified Public Accountants or attorneys. As of December 31, 2024, the Adviser manages approximately $438,841,383 in assets for approximately 646 clients. As of the effective date of this Brochure, all assets are managed on a discretionary basis, and none are managed on a non-discretionary basis. Asset Management Client investments in the wrap fee program may include: equities (stocks), warrants, corporate debt securities, municipal securities, investment company securities (e.g., mutual funds shares and Exchange Traded Funds), variable and fixed insurance products, U.S. Government securities, interests in limited partnerships, and private placements. Non-traded and other alternative investments may be utilized in portfolios, where appropriate, to provide clients with assets that are non-correlated to the stock market. Assets are invested primarily in advisory share class mutual funds and exchange-traded funds through our affiliated broker-dealer and our unaffiliated custodian, or, occasionally, directly through the fund companies. Initial public offerings (IPOs) are not available through the Adviser. Insurance Services The Adviser offers insurance products through insurance companies with which our affiliated broker-dealer has established a relationship as agent. Insurance products include both fixed and variable annuities, life insurance, and long-term care insurance. These products are purchased net of commission. This means that our affiliated broker- dealer does not earn a commission or any income from the purchase. If a previously purchased product earned our affiliated broker-dealer, Bruce A. Lefavi Securities Inc. (“BALS”), a trailing commission, the assets that generate that commission are not charged an asset management fee. The Adviser does not make any representation that these products are available at the lowest cost and similar products are available from other providers. The client is under no obligation to purchase insurance products from the Adviser or our affiliated broker-dealer. Types of Agreements Investment Management Agreement As part of the investment management service (i) the material aspects of the client’s financial affairs are reviewed, (ii) realistic goals are set ; (iii) objectives to reach those goals are determined; and (iv) a fee arrangement executed (see “Investment Management Fees and Compensation” below). Following modern portfolio theory, the Adviser creates asset allocation models for its clients. An Advisory representative will recommend changes as the Adviser deems appropriate. The Adviser periodically reviews a client’s financial situation and portfolio through regular contact with the client, which includes an annual 5 meeting. Adviser periodically updates the asset-allocation models and reviews the allocations in client portfolio. The Adviser will review and rebalance the portfolio as necessary, but no less than annually. The Advisor agreement sets both service and fees. The agreement may be terminated by either party at any time. If the adviser terminates an agreement, the client will be given thirty days written notice. Tailored Relationships The goals and objectives for each client are documented as part of the client’s file. Clients may impose restrictions on investing in certain securities or types of securities that are detailed in the client’s Investment Management Agreement. Assignment of Investment Management Agreements Agreements may not be assigned without client consent. Termination of Agreements A client may terminate any LWM adviser agreement at any time by notifying the Adviser or Adviser Representative. Clients are charged pro rata for services provided through the date of the termination notice and any applicable administrative fees. If the client made an advance payment, the Adviser will refund any unearned portion of the advance payment. The Adviser reserves the right to terminate any engagement where a client has willfully concealed or has refused to provide pertinent information about financial situations when necessary and appropriate, in the Adviser’s judgment, to provide proper financial advice. The Adviser will provide thirty days written notice in the event that an engagement is terminated. Investment Management Fees and Compensation For those clients who contract with the Advisor for Investment Management Services, the Advisor will charge a standard investment management fee of one percent (1%), factored against the value of assets under management in a client’s account. A description of LWM’s fees is part of the Advisory Agreement. Fees may be negotiated by the client, but in no case will exceed 1% of the value of assets under management. Fee calculations are made on the last business day of the calendar quarter by factoring the 1% fee against the value of the assets in the investment account and dividing the product of the calculation by 4. For accounts opened during the quarter, the fee will be prorated for that quarter according to the number of calendar days the account was under management. For clients terminating accounts before the end of a quarter, the portfolio value will be determined at the end of the prior full billing quarter, prorated by the number of days the account was managed during the quarter. Where mandated, fees prepaid will be refunded to the client. The Advisor and its affiliate, BALS, do not charge a commission for executing trades or for customary transaction costs like clearing firm ticket charges, postage and holding fees, 6 exchange fees and other fees generated by executing trades in advisory accounts by BALS. Other fees the client can incur and which are not otherwise paid by the firm, include SEC charges which are reimbursed to the client’s advisory account on a monthly basis or as a credit against the asset management fee. This creates a Wrap Fee Program for the client – one fee is charged for investment advice as well as execution services. Clients who have previously paid commissions to BALS as part of executing transactions recommended by the Advisor do not incur an investment management fee for those products. In cases where a client’s account contains products on which a commission was paid to BALS, the Advisor will not include the commissioned product value when computing the quarterly fee for assets under management. In no instance will a client pay both a management fee to the Advisor as well as a commission paid to BALS for product execution. Clients should understand, however, that the fee waiver by the Advisor applies solely to products executed through the Advisor’s affiliate, BALS. When a client has chosen a broker-dealer other than BALS to purchase or sell products, the Advisor will continue to charge its 1% fee as calculated above on all assets, including those assets not purchased at BALS. The Wrap Fee Program may cost the client more or less than purchasing such services separately, i.e. adviser services and transaction services. Factors entering whether the Wrap Fee Program is best for the client include frequency of trading, separate transaction costs, client preferences regarding execution, and other items unique to an individual’s needs and situation. Fee Billing Investment management fees are billed quarterly, in advance. This means LWM invoices clients at the beginning of each billing period. Payment in full is expected upon invoice presentation. Fees are normally deducted from the client account to facilitate billing as authorized by the investment management agreement. Clients agree to provide authorization to the account custodian permitting the firm to be directly paid from the client’s account. However, clients may also pay by check or credit card if they prefer to opt for one of these arrangements. Fees for financial plans are initially billed at half of an agreed upon flat fee in order to commence work, and, upon delivery of the financial plan, an invoice for the balance is presented. If hourly rates are charged, the Advisor and client may otherwise agree on the method of payment. Other Compensation Affiliated Broker-Dealer It is our business practice to avoid purchasing products which pay a commission to our affiliated broker-dealer. However, BALS may erroneously receive overrides, reallowances, or trailing fees in conjunction with selling insurance products or alternative investments to 7 advisory clients. Any compensation received in this manner will be returned to the issuer or paid to the advisory client. If BALS earned a commission on past investments clients will not pay a management fee on that investment. Clients are always free to purchase products from another, unaffiliated, broker-dealer. Other Fees Clients will likely incur fees and/or other charges from non LWM affiliated brokerage firms, custodians, administrators and other service providers not included in the management fee charged by LWM. These fees are charged by the service provider, not LWM, BALS, or Schwab. The amount and nature of these fees is based on the service provider’s fee schedule(s) at the provider’s sole discretion. These fees are separate and distinct from any fees charged by the Adviser or our affiliated broker-dealer. Mutual and index funds, exchange traded funds, variable annuity products and other managed products or partnerships are often investments in clients’ portfolios. Clients may be charged for services performed by the providers/managers of these products in addition to the management fee paid to the Adviser. The Adviser, BALS and Schwab do not receive any compensation from these charges. The fees and expenses charged by the product providers are separate and distinct from the management fee charged by the Adviser. The costs not included in the advisory fee for our wrap fee services are charges imposed directly by a mutual fund, index fund, or exchange traded fund which are disclosed in the fund’s prospectus, i.e. fund management fees and other expenses. These include fees for trades executed away from the custodian, markup/markdown charges, spreads paid to market makers, wire transfer fees, other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities transactions, IRA fees (including fees for set up and maintenance) and regulatory surcharges among other charges. If a client’s portfolio contains corporate debt or other types of over-the- counter securities, the client may also pay a mark-up or mark-down to the broker or dealer on the other side of the transaction. The mark-up or mark-down is included in the purchase price of the security and is not received by BALS, LWM, or Schwab. Clients can invest in these products directly, without the services of the Adviser. Accordingly, the client should review both the fees charged by 8 the funds and the applicable program fee charged by the Adviser to understand the total amount of fees and costs to be paid by the client and to evaluate the Advisory services provided. These charges are generally outlined in the prospectus of products selected like mutual funds or offering memoranda of other investments. Conflicts of Interest - General Advisers receive compensation via part of the fee paid for advisory services. This may be more than what an adviser representative would receive if the client participated in other programs the Adviser offers or in a traditional brokerage account charging transaction based commissions. This incentivizes the adviser representative to recommend the Wrap Fee Program. The advisor, therefore, sometimes has a conflict of interest when recommending LWM’s Wrap Fee Program rather than any other method of investment management or advisor or other service, for example, a standard brokerage account. The client should carefully consider the client’s options when deciding whether to participate in this Wrap Fee Program. The client is free at all times to decide the investment program best for the client. Conflicts of Interest – Wrap Fee Recommendations transactions. We believe, however, Our firm may receive more compensation from the client’s participation in our wrap fee program through BALS or Schwab than if the client purchased our investment advisory services and execution services from an independent broker separately. For example, Schwab makes products and services available to us (see “Other Products and Services Available to Us from Schwab”). Consequently, we have an incentive to recommend that a client participate in our wrap fee program and open account(s) with Schwab. This incentive is based on our own interest in receiving products and services from Schwab rather than based on the client’s interest in having the most appropriate fee arrangement for our investment advisory services and the best value in custody services and the most favorable execution of client that our recommendations in our wrap fee program, including the use of Schwab as custodian and broker, is in the best interests of those clients to whom we recommend it based on (a) an assessment of their investment plans and anticipated trading activity in their accounts and all other relevant factors; and (b) the scope, quality and price of Schwab’s services and not based on Schwab’s payment for third part services that benefit only us. 9 Conflicts of Interest – Disincentive to Trade when Using Schwab Since LWM will pay Schwab certain transaction/execution costs associated with equities transactions for client, a potential disincentive to trade securities can exist which is a conflict of interest which benefits LWM and disadvantages the advisory client in when participating in LWM’s wrap fee program. Account Requirements and Types of Clients – Item 5 The Adviser generally provides investment advice to individuals, but clients may also include pension and profit sharing plans, trusts, estates, charitable organizations, corporations, or business entities. Client relationships vary in scope and length of service. There is no account minimum or minimum fee. The Advisor may waive any fees in its discretion. Without limitation, the Adviser may waive investment fees and commissions for employees and their families or families of existing clients. Clients can place reasonable restrictions on the type of investments held in client’s investment portfolio. Restrictions on investments in certain securities or types of securities may not be possible due to the level of difficulty this entails in managing the account. Portfolio Manager Selection and Evaluation – Item 6 Related Persons Acting As Portfolio Managers The Adviser manages accounts in the Wrap Fee Program through adviser representatives. Unless the client requests a recommendation regarding portfolio managers independent of the Adviser, all management will be performed by Adviser representatives. Standards used to calculate and compare performance of client portfolios are selected based on industry standards and benchmarks appropriate to the client portfolio. The firm conducts a review of performance generally annually with the client, preferably in a face-to-face meeting. There are no outside “third party” reviews. Performance information is not reviewed for additional verification of accuracy or compliance with presentation standards. The firm generally uses both fundamental and technical analysis in managing customer accounts, as well as asset allocation models which are a part of modern portfolio theory. Investments are in the main mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and individual securities. As indicated at other sections of the Wrap Fee Brochure, related persons of the Adviser manage client portfolios. This presents a conflict of interest for the adviser representatives and the Adviser because in certain instances participation in the Wrap Fee Program results in greater compensation to the adviser representative and Adviser. In these cases the adviser representative and Adviser are incentivized to recommend the Wrap Fee Program rather than any other service offered the client like a standard brokerage account. The Adviser addresses this conflict by analyzing the type of program best suited for the client and disclosing the likely costs 10 of different services. Clients are free to decide the type of program they desire. All adviser representatives and their performance are reviewed in the same manner by the Adviser. Client Information Provided to Portfolio Manager – Item 7 Client information is from time-to-time provided to Portfolio Managers as requested. This is done only in compliance with LWM’s Privacy Policy. Below is a summary of the Adviser’s Privacy Policy regarding client personal information. A complete version of the Privacy Policy is provided to clients along with the client Advisory agreement and may be obtained by contacting the Compliance Officer of the Adviser. a) The Adviser Collects non-public personal information about its clients • • • from the following sources: Information received from clients on applications or other forms Information about clients’ transactions with the Adviser, its affiliates and others Information received from our correspondent clearing broker with respect to client accounts • Medical information submitted as part of an insurance application for a traditional life or variable life policy • Information received from service bureaus or other third parties b) The Adviser will not share such information with any affiliated or nonaffiliated third party except: • When necessary to complete a transaction in a customer account, such as with the clearing firm or account custodians • When required to maintain or service a customer account • To resolve customer disputes or inquiries • With persons acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity on behalf of the customer • With rating agencies, persons assessing compliance with industry standards, or to the attorneys, accountants and auditors of the firm In connection with a sale or merger of the Adviser’s business • • To protect against or prevent actual or potential fraud, identity theft, unauthorized transactions, claims or other liability • To comply with federal, state or local laws, rules and other applicable • legal requirements In connection with a written agreement to provide investment management or Advisory services when the information is released for the sole purpose of providing the products or services covered by the agreement In any circumstances with the customer’s instruction or consent. • c) The Adviser restricts access to confidential client information to individuals who are authorized to have access to confidential client 11 information and need to know that information to provide services to clients. d) The Adviser maintains physical, electronic and procedural security measures that comply with applicable state and federal regulations to safeguard confidential client information. Client Contact with Portfolio Managers – Item 8 There are no restrictions on clients’ ability to contact and consult with portfolio managers. Additional Information – Item 9 Disciplinary Disclosures of Related Person and the Adviser LWM has one disclosed event. In 2019, LWM entered into a settlement related to proceedings arising from breaches of fiduciary duty and disclosure failures in connection with its recommendation and investment of client assets in non-traded real estate investment trusts, business development companies, and private placements, from June 2014 through December 2016. LWM was censured and ordered to pay a civil monetary penalty of $150,000 and disgorgement of $994,296.10. Bruce Lefavi has three disclosed events. In 2012, a client alleged funds were lost due to not being invested. The complaint was settled later in 2012. In 2014, the Financial Industry Regulatory Agency (FINRA) found that Bruce Lefavi and our affiliated broker-dealer, BALS, violated advertising rules and sold unregistered securities. The matter was settled in 2014, FINRA imposed a fine of $75,000, paid jointly and severally by our BALS and Bruce Lefavi, and a ten (10) day suspension of Bruce Lefavi in the capacity of a principal. He remained a financial advisor and a Registered Representative during the suspension. In 2014, a client alleged that Bruce Lefavi sold them an unsuitable investment in illiquid products. BALS settled the complaint. BALS has two disclosed events. In 2014, the Financial Industry Regulatory Agency (FINRA) found that our affiliated broker- dealer, along with Bruce Lefavi, violated advertising rules and sold unregistered securities. See above. The broker-dealer was fined jointly and severally for $75,000. 12 In 2017, BALS was censured and fined $25,000 for violations of content standards of FINRA rule 2210, since certain communications failed to identify risks associated with REITs and BDCs, omitted material facts, contained inaccurate descriptions; and violated FINRA rule 3110(B) requiring a reasonable supervisory system and written supervisory procedures concerning fee-based accounts. Brokerage Affiliations The Adviser is affiliated by common ownership with BALS. Registered representatives of BALS are also investment advisor representatives of the Investment Advisor, LWM. When effecting brokerage transactions through BALS, dually registered personnel, serving generally as both Investment Adviser Representatives and Registered Representatives, are permitted to exercise discretionary authority on behalf of clients in the capacity of Investment Adviser Representatives. Although trading activity is sometimes routed through BALS, advisory clients are not charged pass-through fees, such as postage and handling or ticket charges. BALS does not earn a commission on these transactions. If BALS receives compensation generated by holdings in an advisory account, these will be reimbursed to the client either directly as a cash credit, or in the form of a credit toward the next quarterly advisory fee. The Adviser discloses that brokerage services provided by BALS and Schwab, acting as broker, are sometimes not the lowest cost available and clients may be able to obtain those services and/or products at a more favorable rate from other brokerage firms. Clients of the Adviser are not required to use the brokerage services offered by BALS or Schwab even though LWM makes the recommendations regarding investments. Code of Ethics The LWM Code of Ethics establishes standards of conduct for its supervised persons. It includes general requirements that supervised persons comply with their fiduciary obligations to clients and applicable securities laws, and specific requirements relating to, among other things, personal trading, insider trading, conflicts of interest and confidentiality of client information. It requires supervised persons to report their personal securities transactions and holdings to the Adviser’s Compliance Officer, and requires the Compliance Officer to review those reports. It also requires supervised persons to report any violations of the Code of Ethics promptly to the Adviser’s Compliance Officer. Each supervised person of the Adviser receives a copy of the Code of Ethics and any amendments to it and must acknowledge in writing having received the materials. Annually, each supervised person must certify that he or she complied with the Code of Ethics during that year. Clients and prospective clients may obtain a copy of the Adviser’s Code of Ethics by contacting the Compliance Officer of the Adviser. 13 Participation or Interest in Client Transactions Under the Adviser’s Code of Ethics, the Adviser and its managers, members, officers and employees may invest personally in securities of the same classes as are purchased for clients and may own securities of the issuers whose securities are subsequently purchased for clients. If an issue is purchased or sold for clients and any of the Adviser managers, members, officers and employees on the same day purchase or sell the same security, either the clients and the Adviser managers, members, officers or employees shall receive or pay the same price or the clients shall receive a more favorable price. The Adviser and its managers, members, officers and employees may also buy or sell specific securities for their own accounts based on personal investment considerations, which the Adviser does not deem appropriate to buy or sell for clients. Personal Trading The Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser reviews all employee trades (except for her own trading activity, which is reviewed by another principal). The personal trading reviews are conducted to consider and avoid situations where the personal trading of employees would affect markets or otherwise receive preferential pricing vis-à-vis the clients. Periodic Reviews Account reviews are performed no less than annually by the Investment Adviser Representatives. They are instructed to consider the client's current security positions and the likelihood that the performance of each security will contribute to the investment objectives of the client. The Chief Compliance Officer samples client accounts periodically to review activity in the account and investment suitability. Review Triggers Accounts are reviewed no less than annually or more frequently when market conditions dictate. Other conditions that may trigger a review are changes in the tax laws, new investment information, significant market movements and changes in a client's financial or personal situation. Regular Reports Adviser provides a quarterly statement to the client summarizing the value of the client’s portfolio. In addition, the Adviser will provide an investment report to the client when the client attends an annual review. This report details the performance of the portfolio and the holdings in the entire portfolio. This report is used as the basis to make any needed changes to the client’s portfolio. Clients receive statements of account positions no less than quarterly from the account custodian. Client should use the statement from the custodian as the official statement of the account’s position and value and compare that statement with other statements and reports provided by the Adviser. If discrepancies exist, client should notify the Adviser. 14 Incoming Client Referrals The Adviser receives client referrals which may come from current clients, estate planning attorneys, accountants, employees, personal friends of employees and other similar sources. Adviser does not compensate referring parties for referrals or accept referral fees or any compensation when a prospect is referred to a third party. Additional Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest and Information Regarding Schwab Payments Made & Received As indicated elsewhere in this brochure, BALS at times receives certain transaction-based compensation whether at point of sale or through trailing compensation paid by sponsors of various products like mutual funds. Receipt of such compensation creates a conflict of interest since individual adviser representatives are incentivized or may be incentivized to make recommendations which favor products paying such compensation. For example, without limitation, where a mutual fund pays trailing 12b-1 compensation for products, the purchase of such fund may increase client costs or reduce client returns on such investments. The advisor representative acting as a registered representative of BALS is incentivized to recommend such products based in part on compensation received. In addition to compensating our firm for portfolio management, and other services to clients, the wrap fees clients' pay our firm also allows us to pay Schwab for the brokerage services it provides clients. The fees our firm pays Schwab consist primarily of asset-based fees assessed on the total assets (including stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and cash) in all our clients' wrap fee program accounts maintained at Schwab. In addition to the asset-based fee described above, our firm pays Schwab certain other fees that it would otherwise charge to clients. These fees may include (a) flat dollar per trade fees for Schwab's prime brokerage and trade away services (through which our firm can have trades for client accounts at Schwab executed by broker-dealers other than Schwab), (b) transaction-based fees imposed on Schwab by regulatory organizations and exchanges and fees to offset processing costs incurred by Schwab for the exchange of securities for equity, options or other covered security sell transaction, and (c) short-term redemption fees on no-transaction-fee mutual funds (including, but not limited to, those available through Schwab's Mutual Fund OneSource Products & Services Available from Schwab Schwab Advisor Services (formerly called Schwab Institutional) is Schwab's division serving independent investment advisory firms like our firm. They provide our firm and clients with access to its institutional brokerage — trading, custody, reporting and related services — many of which are not typically available to Schwab retail customers. Schwab also makes available various support services. Some of those services help manage or administer our client accounts while others help manage and grow our business. Schwab's 15 support services are generally available on an unsolicited basis (our firm does not have to request them) and at no charge. The availability to us of Schwab products and services is not based on us giving particular investment advice, such as buying particular securities for our clients. A more detailed description of Schwab's support services follows: Services that Benefit Clients Schwab's institutional brokerage services include access to a broad range of investment products, execution of securities transactions, and custody of client asset so Schwab may also aid in the payment of fees associated with the custodial transfer. The investment products available through Schwab include some to which our firm might not otherwise have access to or that would require a significantly higher minimum initial investment by firm clients. Schwab's services described in this paragraph generally benefit clients and their accounts. Services that May Not Directly Benefit Clients Schwab also makes available other products and services benefiting our firm but may not directly benefit clients or their accounts. These products and services assist in managing and administering our client accounts. They include investment research, both Schwab's and that of third parties. This research may 'be used to service all or some substantial number of client accounts, including accounts not maintained at Schwab. In addition to investment research, Schwab also makes available software and other technology that: provides access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account statements); facilitates trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts; e provides pricing and other market data; • facilitates payment of our fees from our clients' accounts; and e assists with back- office functions, recordkeeping and client reporting. Services that Generally Benefit Only Our Firm Schwab also offers other services intended to help manage and further develop our business enterprise. These services include: • marketing, educational conferences and events; • technology, compliance, legal and business consulting; • publications and conferences on practice management and business succession; and • access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants, and insurance providers. Schwab may provide some of these services itself. In other cases Schwab will arrange for third- party vendors to provide the services to our firm. Schwab may also discount or waive fees for some of these services or pay all or a part of a third party's fees. Schwab may also provide our firm with other benefits such as occasional business entertainment for our personnel. 16 Irrespective of direct or indirect benefits to our client through Schwab, our firm strives to enhance the client experience, help clients reach their goals and put client interests before that of our firm or associated persons. Our Interest in Schwab’s Services The availability of these services from Schwab benefits our firm because our firm does not have to produce or purchase them. Our firm does not have to pay for Schwab's services. These services are not contingent upon our firm committing any specific amount of business to Schwab in trading commissions or assets in custody. This arrangement may serve as an incentive to recommend clients maintain their account with Schwab based on our interest in receiving Schwab's services benefiting our business rather than based on the client’s interest in receiving the best value in custody services and the most favorable execution of transactions. This is a potential conflict of interest. Our firm believes, however, that the selection of Schwab as customer and broker is in the best interest of our clients. It is primarily supported by the scope and price of Schwab’s services and not Schwab’s services that benefit only our firm. The Adviser seeks to remedy any conflicts of interest resulting from the above in the following way. First, the Adviser has for the most part eliminated and will not select mutual funds which pay trailing compensation where other choices are available, like adviser funds, which offer reasonably comparative features. If such advisor funds are not available, the Adviser will credit the client against any advisor fee charging 12b-1 compensation received by BALS, for example. Secondly, the Adviser will not include in its calculation of the adviser fee the value of assets and advisory clients which generated a commission for BALS. Only those products for which BALS did not receive a commission will be included in the assets under management collection. Finally, clients can decide not to accept investment recommendations which include compensation described above. The client may choose to execute transactions through a broker-dealer other than BALS or Schwab which also eliminates compensation conflicts of interest. Brokerage Selection As discussed above, clients are free to choose any broker-dealer through whom they wish to execute transactions recommended by the Advisor, not just BALS or Schwab. The client is also free to designate a custodian for their account other than Schwab. If the client chooses not to designate a specific broker-dealer to execute transactions, or to custody assets, the Advisor will execute transactions through its affiliated broker-dealer, BALS or Schwab, and generally chooses Schwab for client accounts. 17 The Advisor, when recommending BALS, Schwab, or any other broker-dealer or custodian, will seek to achieve best execution of transactions. Best execution requires the Advisor determine the most efficient, reasonable service for trade execution at the reasonably best price. In making this determination, the Advisor will not select competitive bids, nor achieve the absolutely lowest available commission cost, but will use reasonable diligence to achieve the most advantageous order execution for customers given prevailing market conditions. Soft Dollars Research and related services furnished by brokers may include, but are not limited to, written information and analyses concerning specific securities, companies or sectors; market, financial and economic studies and forecasts; financial publications; etc. If Adviser seeks executions outside of the correspondent clearing relationship of its affiliated broker-dealer, it strives for the best price and execution for costs and discounts which are competitive in relation to the value of the transaction and which comply with Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Adviser uses a broker-dealer other than its affiliated broker-dealer’s clearing firm it takes into account the financial stability and reputation of firms and services provided by such brokers. The client may not, in any particular instance, be the sole direct or indirect beneficiary of services provided. The Adviser is under no obligation to transact business with any particular broker dealer including BALS. Order Aggregation LWM does not aggregate trades. Directing Brokerage for Client Referrals The Adviser does not direct brokerage for client referrals. Directed Brokerage The Adviser generally does not allow clients to direct brokerage. Custody Policy The Adviser does not accept or permit itself or its employees to obtain custody of client assets including cash or securities, or act as trustee, provide bill paying service, have password access to account or have any other form of control over client assets. All checks or wire transfers to fund client accounts are required to be made out to/sent to the account custodian. Account Statements All assets are held at qualified custodians and the custodians provide account statements not less frequently than quarterly to clients at their address of record. Clients should carefully review such statements for any discrepancies or inaccuracies. 18 Performance Reports Pursuant to amendments to Rule 206(4) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Securities and Exchange Commission requires advisers to urge clients to compare the information set forth in their statement from the Adviser, if the Adviser sends separate statements/reports, with the statements received directly from the custodian to ensure accuracy of all account transactions. Investment Discretion Discretionary authority is granted either by the Adviser’s investment management agreement and/or by a separate limited power of attorney where such document is required. The Adviser has the authority to choose, without obtaining specific client consent, investments for a client account. A firm's discretionary authority regarding investments may however be subject to certain limitations. These limitations are recognized as the restrictions and prohibitions placed by the client. All such restrictions must be agreed in writing. If the Adviser is not granted discretionary authority, all transactions require approval by the client prior to execution. Voting Client Securities LWM will vote all proxies received on behalf of clients for securities and investments held in the Client’s portfolio in custody with Charles Schwab, provided client has authorized LWM to do so and LWM has discretionary authority to buy or sell the security on behalf of the client. In order to be eligible for voting, the cumulative market value of the security held in all LWM Client Accounts must be greater than $150,000. For ERISA accounts, LWM will vote proxies unless the plan documents specifically reserve the plan sponsor’s right to vote proxies. For those clients who have retained the right to vote their own proxies and for clients of our affiliated broker-dealer, LWM will send any proxy voting information as received to the client’s address of record. Lefavi shall vote proxies related to securities held by any client in a manner solely in the best interests of the client. Lefavi shall consider only those factors that relate to the client's investment, including how its vote will economically impact and affect the value of the client's investment. Proxy votes will be cast in favor of proposals that maintain or strengthen the shared interests of shareholders and management, increase shareholder value, and maintain or increase the rights of shareholders. Proxy votes will be cast against proposals having the opposite effect. Unless exceptional circumstances exist, Lefavi will vote against proposals that make it more difficult to replace Board members. In voting on each and every issue, Lefavi shall vote in a prudent and diligent fashion and only after a careful evaluation of the issue presented on the ballot. Proxy Voting Guidelines Prior to electing to follow any specific guidelines, Lefavi will: 19 • Determine the impact of following such guidelines on all clients, including • whether the guidelines would be more appropriate for one group of clients and not for others; Identify any direct or indirect benefits that might flow to Lefavi as a result of choosing one guideline over other guidelines; • Address any conflicts of interest raised by the selection of such guidelines by following the Proxy Voting Conflicts of Interest section of these Procedures; and • Refrain from using such guidelines if it provides an advantage to one group of clients while disadvantaging or otherwise not being in the best interest of any of the remaining clients. Proxy Voting Conflicts of Interest Lefavi recognizes that conflicts between itself and clients may arise in voting the proxies of public companies and that these conflicts must be addressed. Where appropriate, Lefavi will provide the client with sufficient information regarding the shareholder vote and Lefavi's potential conflict to the client and obtain the client's consent before voting or abstain from voting conflicted shares if no consent or written instructions are received. Proxy Voting Disclosure On an annual basis, Lefavi Wealth Management will send clients a copy of our Proxy Voting policies and procedures disclosure. Clients may request a complete version of our policies and procedures regarding proxy voting and they may obtain a record of how their proxies were voted by contacting Compliance at 801-486-9000, 800-998-2427, or by email at Compliance@lefavi.com. Financial Information The Adviser does not have any financial impairment that precludes it from meeting contractual commitments to clients. The Adviser has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition in the last 10 years. The Adviser is not required to provide a balance sheet as it does not serve as a custodian for client funds or securities, and does not require prepayment of fees of more than $1,200 per client, and six months or more in advance. Investment Risks When investing through LWM, clients should understand that there are various investment risks which they will encounter. Some of these include: Market Volatility: The profitability of a client’s Account depends in part on the Adviser correctly assessing the future price movements of stocks, bonds, and other securities and the movements of interest rates. The Adviser cannot guarantee that it will be successful in predicting price and interest rate movements. LWM’s Investment Activities: The Adviser’s investment activities involve a degree of risk of loss. The performance of any investment is subject to numerous factors which are 20 neither within the control of nor predictable by the Adviser. Such factors include a wide range of economic, political, competitive, technological and other conditions (including acts of terrorism and war) that may affect investments in general or specific industries or companies. The securities markets may be volatile, which may adversely affect the ability of the Adviser to realize profits. Material Non-Public Information: The Adviser and/or its affiliates and their respective personnel may acquire confidential or material non-public information which will restrict the Advisor and BALS from initiating transactions in certain securities. The Adviser may be unable to initiate a transaction because of these restrictions. Accuracy of Public Information: The Adviser selects investments, in part, by relying on information and data filed by issuers with various government regulators or made directly available to the Adviser by the issuers or through sources other than the issuers. Although the Adviser evaluates all such information and data and seeks independent corroboration when it is considered appropriate and reasonably available, the Adviser is not in a position to confirm the completeness, genuineness or accuracy of such information and data, and in some cases, complete and accurate information is not available. Investments in Undervalued Securities. The Adviser may invest in undervalued securities. The identification of investment opportunities in such “value” investing is a difficult task, and there are no assurances that such opportunities will occur. While investments in undervalued securities may offer the opportunities for capital appreciation, these investments involve a high degree of financial risk and can result in substantial losses. Returns generated from the Adviser’s investments may not adequately compensate for the business and financial risks assumed. Small Companies. The Adviser may invest a portion of its assets in small and/or unseasoned companies with small market capitalization. Although smaller companies may have potential for more rapid growth than large companies, those investments involve higher risks. Smaller companies may lack the management experience, financial resources, capital, liquidity, product diversification and competitive strength of larger companies. In addition, in many instances, the frequency and volume of trading in those shares may be substantially less than is typical of larger companies. As a result, the securities of smaller companies may be subject to wider price fluctuations, volatility and illiquidity. Leverage: When deemed appropriate by the Adviser and subject to applicable regulations, the Adviser may employ leverage in its investment program, whether directly through the use of borrowed funds, or indirectly through investment in certain types of financial instruments with inherent leverage. While such strategies and techniques increase the opportunity to achieve higher returns on the amounts invested, they also increase the risk of loss. Market or Interest Rate Risk: The price of most fixed income securities move in the opposite direction of the change in interest rates. For example, as interest rates rise, the 21 price of fixed income securities generally falls. If the Adviser holds a fixed income security to maturity, the change in its price before maturity may have little impact on the Adviser’s performance (assuming no default/insolvency); however, if the Adviser has to sell the fixed income security before the maturity date, an increase in interest rates could result in a loss. Fixed Income Call Option Risk: Many bonds, including agency, corporate and municipal bonds, as well as mortgage-backed securities, contain a provision that allows the issuer to “call” all or part of the issue before the bond’s maturity date. The issuer usually retains this right to refinance the bond in the future if market interest rates decline below the coupon rate. There are disadvantages to the call provision. First, the cash flow pattern of a callable bond is not known with certainty. Second, because the issuer will call the bonds when interest rates have dropped, the Adviser’s clients are exposed to reinvestment rate risk – the Adviser will have to reinvest the proceeds received when the bond is called at lower interest rates. In such incidents, the capital appreciation potential of a bond will be reduced because the price of a callable bond may not rise much above the price at which the issuer may call the bond. Inflation Risk: Inflation risk results from the variation in the value of cash flows from a security due to inflation, as measured in terms of purchasing power. For example, if the Adviser purchases a 5-year bond in which it can realize a coupon rate of 5%, but the rate of inflation is 6%, then the purchasing power of the cash flow has declined by 1%. For all but inflation-linked bonds, adjustable bonds or floating rate bonds, the Adviser is exposed to inflation risk because the interest rate the issuer promises to make is fixed for the life of the security. Limited Liquidity of Interests: An investment in a partnership usually involves substantial restrictions on liquidity and its interests are not freely transferable. There is no market for these interests and no market is expected to develop. Additionally, transfers are usually subject to the consent of the general partner at the general partner’s sole discretion. Investors in these types of investments may be unable to liquidate them in response to client needs. Lack of Registration: Private Funds or many Limited Partnership interests have neither been registered under the Securities Act nor under the securities or “blue sky” laws of any state and, therefore, are subject to transfer restrictions under The Securities Laws. Withdrawal of Capital: The ability to withdraw funds from private funds or Limited Partnership interests is usually restricted in accordance with the withdrawal provisions contained in an Offering Memorandum. In addition, substantial withdrawals by investors within a short period of time could require a fund to liquidate securities positions and other investments more rapidly than would otherwise be desirable, possibly reducing the value of the fund’s assets and/or disrupting the fund’s investment strategy. Investments in Non-U.S. Investments 22 From time to time, the Adviser may invest in non-U.S. securities and other assets (through ADRs and otherwise), which will give rise to risks relating to political, social and economic developments abroad, as well as risks resulting from the differences between the regulations to which U.S. and foreign issuers and markets are subject. Such risks may include: • Political or social instability, the seizure by foreign governments of company assets, acts of war or terrorism, withholding taxes on dividends and interest, high or confiscatory tax levels, and limitations on the use or transfer of portfolio assets. • Enforcing legal rights in some foreign countries is difficult, costly and slow, and there are sometimes special problems enforcing claims against foreign governments. • Foreign securities and other assets often trade in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, and the Adviser may seek to indirectly hedge or limit exposure to foreign currencies. In pursuit of that objective, the Adviser may purchase and sell foreign currencies through forward exchange contracts. Such exposure techniques may or may not be effective, and would create additional costs. Changes in currency exchange rates will affect the Adviser’s net asset value, the value of dividends and interest earned, and gains and losses realized on the sale of investments. An increase in the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to these other currencies may cause the value of the Adviser’s investments to decline. Some foreign currencies can be particularly volatile, and the relative strength or weakness of any particular currency to the US dollar fluctuates over time (unless it is a “pegged” currency). Foreign governments may intervene in the currency markets, causing a decline in value or liquidity of the Adviser’s foreign currency holdings. If the Adviser enters into forward foreign currency exchange contracts for hedging purposes, it may lose the benefits of advantageous changes in exchange rates. On the other hand, if the Adviser enters forward contracts for the purpose of increasing return, it may sustain losses with negative currency valuation adjustments. • Non-U.S. securities, commodities and other markets may be less liquid, more volatile and less closely supervised by the government than in the United States. Some foreign countries lack uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, and there may be less public information about the operations of issuers in such markets. Risk of Default or Bankruptcy of Third Parties The Adviser may engage in transactions in securities, commodities, other financial instruments and other assets that involve counterparties. Under certain conditions, the Adviser could suffer losses if a counterparty to a transaction were to default or if the market for certain securities, commodities, other financial instruments and/or other assets were to become illiquid. Regulatory Risks Strategy Restrictions: Certain institutions may be restricted from directly utilizing investment strategies of the type in which the Adviser may engage. Such institutions, including entities subject to ERISA, should consult their own Advisers, counsel and accountants to determine what restrictions may apply and whether conducting business 23 with the Adviser is appropriate in light of the Adviser’s investment management style and strategies. Trading Limitations: For all securities, instruments and/or assets listed on an exchange, the exchange generally has the right to suspend or limit trading under certain circumstances. Such suspensions or limits could render certain strategies difficult to complete or continue and subject the Adviser to loss. Also, such a suspension could render it impossible for the Adviser to liquidate positions and thereby expose the Adviser to potential losses. Conflicts of Interest: In the administration of client accounts, portfolios and financial reporting, the Adviser faces various inherent conflicts of interest, which are described in this brochure. The Adviser follows a Code of Ethics that provides that the client’s interest is always held above that of the Firm and its associated persons. Supervision of Trading Operations: The Adviser supervises and monitors trading activity in the portfolio accounts to foster compliance with all objectives. Despite the Adviser’s efforts, however, there is a risk that unauthorized or otherwise inappropriate trading activity may occur in portfolio accounts. Security Specific Risks Depending on the nature of the investment management service selected by a client and the securities used to implement the investment strategy, clients will be exposed to risks that are specific to the securities in their particular investment portfolio. Liquidity: Liquidity is the ability to readily convert an investment into cash. Securities where there is a ready market that is traded through an exchange are generally more liquid. Securities traded over-the-counter or that do not have a ready market or are thinly traded are less liquid and may face material discounts in price level in a liquidation situation. 24