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ITEM 1 - COVER PAGE
Leisure Capital Management, Inc.
650 Town Center Drive
Suite 880
Costa Mesa, CA 92626
(714) 384-4050
www.leisurecapital.com
Form ADV, Part 2A Brochure
April 16, 2025
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Leisure
Capital Management, Inc. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please
contact us at (714) 384-4050 or info@leisurecapital.com. The information in this brochure has not
been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any
state securities authority.
Any reference to or use of the terms “registered investment adviser” or “registered,” does not
imply that Leisure Capital Management, Inc. or any person associated with Leisure Capital
Management, Inc. has achieved a certain level of skill or training. Additional information about
Leisure Capital Management, Inc. is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov
ITEM 2 - MATERIAL CHANGES
The purpose of this page is to inform you of any material changes to this brochure. If you are
receiving this brochure for the first time this section may not be relevant to you.
Leisure Capital Management, Inc. (“LCM”) reviews and updates our brochure at least annually
to confirm that it remains current. We have not made material changes since the annual update
to our brochure dated March 10, 2023.
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ITEM 3 - TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM 1 - COVER PAGE .................................................................................................................. 1
ITEM 2 - MATERIAL CHANGES ................................................................................................... 2
ITEM 3 - TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................. 3
ITEM 4 - ADVISORY BUSINESS .................................................................................................. 6
Description of Advisory Firm ................................................................................................................ 6
Advisory Services Offered .................................................................................................................... 6
Tailored Services and Client Imposed Restrictions .......................................................................... 8
Assets Under Management .................................................................................................................. 8
ITEM 5 - FEES AND COMPENSATION ...................................................................................... 8
Fee Schedule ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Billing Method ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Other Fees and Expenses .................................................................................................................. 10
Termination ........................................................................................................................................... 10
ITEM 6 - PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT ............ 11
ITEM 7 - TYPES OF CLIENTS ..................................................................................................... 11
Account Requirements ........................................................................................................................ 11
ITEM 8 - METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS 11
Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies ............................................................................. 11
Investing Involves Risk ........................................................................................................................ 15
Specific Security Risks ........................................................................................................................ 15
ITEM 9 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION ................................................................................ 25
ITEM 10 - OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS ................. 25
ITEM 11 - CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT
TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING ....................................................................... 25
Code of Ethics ...................................................................................................................................... 25
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions ................................................................................ 28
ITEM 12 - BROKERAGE PRACTICES ........................................................................................ 29
The Custodian and Brokers We Use ................................................................................................ 29
Aggregation and Allocation of Transactions .................................................................................... 33
ITEM 13 - REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS .......................................................................................... 34
Managed Account Reviews ................................................................................................................ 34
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Account Reporting ............................................................................................................................... 34
ITEM 14 - CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION ....................................... 34
Qualified Custodian Support Products and Services ..................................................................... 34
Client Referral Fees ............................................................................................................................. 35
Outside Compensation ........................................................................................................................ 35
ITEM 15 - CUSTODY ..................................................................................................................... 35
ITEM 16 - INVESTMENT DISCRETION ..................................................................................... 36
ITEM 17 - VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES ................................................................................. 36
ITEM 18 - FINANCIAL INFORMATION .................................................................................... 37
Form ADV, Part 2B Brochure Supplement .......................................................................... i
Description of Professional Designations Used in this Brochure Supplement* ........................... ii
Marr Leisure ................................................................................................................................... vi
ITEM 2 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND AND BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ....................... vi
ITEM 3 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION .................................................................................... vi
ITEM 4 - OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................... vi
ITEM 5 - ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION ................................................................................... vi
ITEM 6 - SUPERVISION .................................................................................................................... vi
Gideon Bernstein ........................................................................................................................ vii
ITEM 2 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND AND BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ...................... vii
ITEM 3 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION ................................................................................... vii
ITEM 4 - OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES .................................................................................... vii
ITEM 5 - ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION .................................................................................. vii
ITEM 6 - SUPERVISION ................................................................................................................... vii
Raymond Robinson ................................................................................................................... viii
ITEM 2 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND AND BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ..................... viii
ITEM 3 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION .................................................................................. viii
ITEM 4 - OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES ................................................................................... viii
ITEM 5 - ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION ................................................................................. viii
ITEM 6 - SUPERVISION .................................................................................................................. viii
Patrick Maxwell ............................................................................................................................ ix
ITEM 2 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND AND BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ....................... ix
ITEM 3 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION .................................................................................... ix
ITEM 4 - OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................... ix
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ITEM 5 - ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION ................................................................................... ix
ITEM 6 - SUPERVISION .................................................................................................................... ix
Avery Wenck .................................................................................................................................. x
ITEM 2 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND AND BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ........................ x
ITEM 3 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION ..................................................................................... x
ITEM 4 - OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES ...................................................................................... x
ITEM 5 - ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION .................................................................................... x
ITEM 6 - SUPERVISION ..................................................................................................................... x
Eric Shute ....................................................................................................................................... xi
ITEM 2 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND AND BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ....................... xi
ITEM 3 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION .................................................................................... xi
ITEM 4 - OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................... xi
ITEM 5 - ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION ................................................................................... xi
ITEM 6 - SUPERVISION .................................................................................................................... xi
PRIVACY INFORMATION ............................................................................................................. A
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ITEM 4 - ADVISORY BUSINESS
Description of Advisory Firm
Leisure Capital Management, Inc. (“LCM,” “we,” “our,” or “us”) is a privately owned corporation
headquartered in Costa Mesa, CA. LCM is registered as an investment adviser with the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission.
Marr Leisure founded LCM in 2002 and is currently the majority owner.
Advisory Services Offered
LCM offers the following services to advisory clients:
Investment Management Services
LCM offers advice to clients regarding asset allocation and the selection of investments.
Investment management services include the design, implementation, and continued monitoring
of the client’s account. LCM will invest the account on a fully discretionary basis, limited only by
the client’s individual needs and any restrictions imposed on the account.
LCM will primarily utilize the following investment types when making purchases in client
accounts:
1. Equity securities, including stocks and foreign securities listed on US exchanges (ADRs)
2. Fixed income securities, including corporate bonds
3. Municipal securities
4. Mutual funds and exchange traded funds (ETFs)
5. U.S. government securities
6. Money market funds and cash
Additionally, our investment selections, depending on the individual investment objectives and
needs of the client may include:
1. Securities with equity and debt characteristics, including convertible bonds, preferred
stocks or other preferred securities
2. Options, including covered calls
3. Warrants
4. Closed-end funds
5. Treasury inflation-protected securities (TIPS)
6. Inflation-indexed bonds
LCM may also occasionally utilize additional types of investments if they are appropriate to
address the individual needs, goals, and objectives of the client or in response to client request.
LCM may offer investment advice on any investment held by the client at the start of the
advisory relationship. We describe the material investment risks for many of the securities that
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we utilize under the heading Specific Security Risks in Item 8 below. We may also offer non-
discretionary services depending on client circumstances. We discuss our discretionary
authority below under Item 16 - Investment Discretion. For more information about the
restrictions clients can put on their accounts, see Tailored Services and Client Imposed
Restrictions in this item below.
We describe the fees charged for investment management services below under Item 5 - Fees
and Compensation.
Sustainable & Responsible Investing (“SRI”) Overlay Strategy
Within our Investment Management Service, we offer clients the opportunity to select an SRI
strategy for either the equity or fixed income portion of their portfolio or for both. LCM does not
offer the Sustainable & Responsible Investment strategy for a client’s allocation to alternatives
(“Multi-Strategy”) in their portfolio. LCM utilizes mutual funds for its SRI strategy and does not
utilize individual securities, such as stocks or bonds. Whether an SRI strategy is appropriate for
the fixed income portion of a client’s account will depend on the tax status of the account and
the needs of the client. For more information on our SRI Overlay Strategy and risks of an SRI
strategy, see Item 8.
Consulting Services
LCM offers other financial consulting as requested by the client. We describe the fees charged
for consulting services below under Item 5 - Fees and Compensation.
Limitations on Investments
In some circumstances, LCM’s advice may be limited to certain types of securities.
Limitation by Plan Sponsor/Employer
When we provide services to participants in an employer-sponsored plan, the participant may
be limited to investing in securities included in the plan’s investment options. Therefore, LCM
can only select investments/make recommendations to the client from among the available
options, and will not recommend or invest the client’s account in other securities, even if there
may be better options elsewhere.
Mutual Fund Limitations
LCM generally limits mutual fund selections to no load funds or load-waived equivalents.
Limitation by Client
LCM may also limit advice based on certain client-imposed restrictions. For more information
about the restrictions clients can put on their accounts, see Tailored Services and Client
Imposed Restrictions in this Item below.
Limitation by Issuer
In the event LCM is managing assets within a variable annuity, LCM is limited to those
investment options made available by the insurance company. Further, limitations on frequency
of trading will vary according to each sub-account’s restrictions.
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Non-Managed Assets
LCM may offer securities trading activities for non-managed positions in a client’s managed
account, acting as an intermediary between the client and the custodian. We do not provide
investment advice regarding that portion of the client’s managed account designated as non-
managed assets nor do we provide opinions as to the merits of any non-managed asset held in
the account. We also do not make any judgments as to the appropriateness of assumed risk or
suitability of any non-managed investment given the client’s situation. LCM offers this service at
no charge and at our discretion, in consideration of the client’s other accounts that we manage.
Tailored Services and Client Imposed Restrictions
LCM manages client accounts based on the investment strategy the client chooses, as
discussed below under Item 8 - Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of
Loss. LCM applies the strategy for each client, based on the client’s individual circumstances
and financial situation. We make investment decisions for clients based on information the client
supplies about their financial situation, goals, and risk tolerance. Our investment selections may
not be suitable if the client does not provide us with accurate and complete information. It is the
client’s responsibility to keep LCM informed of any changes to their investment objectives or
restrictions.
Clients may also request other restrictions on the account, such as when a client needs to keep
a minimum level of cash in the account or does not want LCM to buy or sell certain specific
securities or security types in the account. LCM reserves the right to not accept and/or terminate
management of a client’s account if we feel that the client-imposed restrictions would limit or
prevent us from meeting or maintaining the client’s investment strategy.
Assets Under Management
LCM manages client assets in discretionary accounts on a continuous and regular basis, and on
a non-discretionary basis upon a client’s request. As of 12/31/2024, the total amount of
regulatory assets under our management was $ $778,663,456, managed on a discretionary
basis.
ITEM 5 - FEES AND COMPENSATION
Fee Schedule
Investment Management Services
LCM charges advisory fees for investment management services. LCM‘s advisory fees are
charged based on a percentage of the market value of the portfolio, per the following schedules:
Equity and Balanced Accounts
First $1,000,000
Next $1,000,000
Next $3,000,000
Annual Fee
1.00%
0.85%
0.70%
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Next $5,000,000
$10,000,000 +
0.50%
0.30%
Fixed Income Accounts
First $2,000,000
Next $3,000,000
Next $5,000,000
$10,000,000 +
0.60%
0.50%
0.40%
0.30%
Some existing accounts may be under different fee schedules honoring prior agreements. LCM
manages some non-profit organizations for a reduced fee. We may also manage
employee/family accounts for a reduced fee or without charge. LCM may aggregate client
accounts that have family relationships with each other for purposes of determining the advisory
fee rate applicable to each client. Our standard fee schedule may be negotiable. Fees are pro-
rated for additions to or withdrawals from a client’s account during the quarter. We only make
these adjustments when a client’s account contributions or withdrawals result in a fee
adjustment in excess of $100.
Consulting Services
At a client’s request, LCM may offer consulting services at an hourly rate of $200, which may be
negotiable depending on the nature and complexity of each client’s circumstances. In these
instances, we will generally provide an estimate of the total hours required at the start of the
relationship.
Billing Method
Investment Management Services
LCM’s advisory fees are payable quarterly in advance at the beginning of each calendar
quarter. We charge one fourth of the annual fee each quarter based on the market value of the
client’s portfolio as of the last day of the prior calendar quarter. The formula used for the
calculation is as follows: (Annual Rate) x (Total Assets Under Management at Quarter-End) / 4,
rounded to the nearest dollar. Fees billed on assets held in client accounts that receive
valuations less than quarterly will be calculated using LCM’s valuation methodologies for illiquid
investments, which are carefully constructed and evaluated periodically. Adjustments to illiquid
valuations are made when we believe such changes will better reflect an accurate price for the
holding. Specifically, LCM may receive valuations on certain securities, such as certain variable
annuities, on an annual rather than quarterly basis.
For new client accounts, a pro-rata calculation based on the number of days remaining in the
initial partial quarter and the initial value of the portfolio is added to the following full quarter’s
billing.
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With client authorization, LCM will automatically withdraw LCM’s advisory fee from the client’s
account held by an independent custodian. Typically, the custodian withdraws advisory fees
from the client’s account during the first month of each quarter based on LCM’s instruction. All
clients will receive brokerage statements from the custodian no less frequently than quarterly
(typically, monthly). The custodian statement will show the deduction of the advisory fee.
LCM will send a statement to each client who authorizes LCM to withdraw fees directly from the
custodian. The statement will show the amount of the fee, the value of the client’s assets upon
which we based the fee, and the specific manner in which we calculated the fee. It is the client’s
responsibility to verify the accuracy of the fee calculation. The custodian will not determine
whether the fee is properly calculated.
Consulting Services
One-half of the total estimated hourly fees are due and payable at the time the client executes
the agreement. The remainder of the fee is due upon the rendering of consulting services.
Other Fees and Expenses
LCM’s fees do not include custodian fees. Clients pay all brokerage commissions, stock transfer
fees, and/or other similar charges incurred in connection with transactions in accounts, from the
assets in the account. These charges are in addition to the fees client pays to LCM. See Item
12 - Brokerage Practices below for more information.
In addition, any mutual fund shares held in a client’s account may be subject to 12b-1 fees,
early redemption fees, and other fund-related expenses. The fund’s prospectus fully describes
the fees and expenses. All fees paid to LCM for investment advisory services are separate and
distinct from the fees and expenses charged by mutual funds. Mutual funds pay advisory fees to
their managers, which are indirectly charged to all holders of the mutual fund shares.
Termination
Investment Management Services
Either party may terminate the advisory agreement at any time by providing written notice to the
other party. The client may terminate the agreement at any time by contacting LCM at our office.
LCM will refund any prepaid, unearned advisory fees based on the following formula: (Fees
Paid) x (Days Remaining in Quarter)/(Total Number of Days in Quarter), rounded to the nearest
dollar.
Terminations will not affect liabilities or obligations from transactions initiated in client accounts
prior to termination. In the event the client terminates the investment advisory agreement, LCM
will not liquidate any securities in the account unless instructed by the client to do so. In the
event of client’s death or disability, LCM will continue management of the account until we are
notified of client’s death or disability and given alternative instructions by an authorized party.
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Consulting Services
LCM considers the consulting agreement to be complete and the agreement terminated upon
the rendering of agreed services. In the event that either the client or LCM wishes to terminate
the consulting agreement before completion, either party may terminate the agreement at any
time by providing written notice to the other party. The client may terminate the agreement at
any time by writing LCM at our office. Upon notice of termination, we will provide the client with
an invoice for services provided through the date of termination. If the client paid fees in
advance that were more than the amount due for services, we will refund any unearned fees.
ITEM 6 - PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE
MANAGEMENT
LCM does not charge performance-based fees or other fees based on a share of capital gains
on, or capital appreciation of, the assets of a client.
ITEM 7 - TYPES OF CLIENTS
LCM offers discretionary investment advisory services to individuals, high net worth individuals,
trusts and estates, individual participants of retirement plans, insurance companies, and
charitable organizations. We also offer non-discretionary advisory services to individual
participants of retirement plans and/or at a client’s request.
Account Requirements
Generally, LCM requires clients to maintain a minimum account size of $500,000. Significant
funds withdrawal may result in a request for additional fund deposits to continue with
management of accounts. We may combine family accounts to meet the account size minimum.
LCM may reduce or waive the account minimum requirements at our discretion.
ITEM 8 - METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
AND RISK OF LOSS
Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
General Investment Strategies
LCM generally uses diversification in an effort to minimize the risk and optimize the potential
return of a portfolio. More specifically, we utilize multiple asset classes, investment styles,
market capitalizations, sectors, and regions to provide diversification. Each portfolio composition
is determined in accordance with the clients’ investment objectives, risk tolerance, and time
horizon. LCM selects categories of investments based on the clients' attitudes about risk and
their need for capital appreciation or income. Different instruments involve different levels of
exposure to risk. We deal with any client restrictions on an account-by-account basis.
LCM treats each client uniquely, but client portfolios with a similar investment objectives and
asset allocation goals may own similarly modeled securities. Timing and tax factors also
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influence LCM’s investment decisions. Clients who buy or sell exchange-listed securities on the
same day may receive different prices.
Methods of Analysis for Selecting Securities
LCM generally uses fundamental and/or cyclical analysis in the selection of individual equity
securities. Additionally, LCM may use specific strategies or resources in the method of analysis
and selection of fixed income securities.
Fundamental Analysis
Fundamental analysis typically involves analysis of corporate financial statements, management
presentations, specialized research publications, and general news sources.
LCM generally uses fundamental analysis in the selection of stocks and mutual funds, including
the analysis of fund managers, annual reports, and any competitive advantages. Additionally, in
analyzing and selecting mutual funds, we use public and private research sources, fund
reporting, and fund conference calls. We review key characteristics including historical
performance, consistency of returns, risk level, and size of fund. Expense ratio and other costs
are also significant factors in fund selection. LCM may also consider cyclical conditions, which is
an analysis of business cycles to find favorable conditions for buying and/or selling a security.
Cyclical Analysis
Cyclical analysis involves the analysis of business cycles to find favorable conditions for buying
and/or selling a security.
Debt Securities (Fixed Income)
LCM relies on credit rating agencies such as Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s to help determine
the financial strength of issuing creditors. We also use prospectuses and other relevant
information from bond underwriters to help in analysis and selection of fixed income securities.
Regarding fixed income investments, LCM considers the financial strength of the issuer, call
provisions, liquidity factors, and bond insurance in selecting bonds for purchase. LCM may
solicit bids from several underwriters (i.e. brokerages) in an effort to obtain the most attractive
yield on purchase.
Specific Investment Strategies for Managing Portfolios
LCM may use Modern Portfolio Theory, the Fama/French Three-Factor Model, long-term
holding, dollar-cost-averaging, inverse/enhanced market, and/or (in limited circumstances)
concentrated portfolio strategies in the construction and management of client portfolios.
Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) & Fama/French
LCM may follow the investment principles of Modern Portfolio Theory and the Fama/French
Three-Factor Model to construct portfolios. MPT has the basic concept of using diversification in
an effort to help minimize the risk and optimize the potential return of a portfolio, and the goal of
Fama/French is to implement the latest academic research into clients’ portfolios. LCM may use
the Fama/French Three-Factor Model and mean-variance analysis, among other methods,
when analyzing stocks and mutual funds to set the parameters of the asset classes.
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Long-term Holding
LCM’s strategy consists of purchasing, holding, and rebalancing a diversified portfolio of
securities. LCM typically intends to hold these investments for the long term except when sales
are necessary to rebalance the portfolio or to fund replacement acquisitions. When selecting
publicly traded equities, LCM may focus on the potential for income and/or growth, depending
on the client’s investment objectives.
LCM does not attempt to time short-term market swings. Short term buying and selling of
securities is typically limited to those cases where a purchase has resulted in an unanticipated
gain or loss in which we believe that a subsequent sale is in the best interest of the client.
Dollar-Cost-Averaging
Dollar cost averaging involves investing money in multiple installments over several months, to
take advantage of price fluctuations in the attempt to get a lower average cost per share.
Inverse/Enhanced Market
LCM may also use leveraged long and short mutual funds and/or exchange traded funds that
are designed to perform in either an:
1. inverse relationship to certain market indices (at a rate of one or more times the inverse
[opposite] result of the corresponding index) as an investment strategy and/or for the
purpose of hedging against downside market risk; or
2. enhanced relationship to certain market indices (at a rate of one or more times the actual
result of the corresponding index) as an investment strategy and/or in an effort to
increase gains in an advancing market.
Sustainable & Responsible Investing (“SRI”) Overlay Strategy
LCM starts its search for sustainable & responsible mutual funds by casting a wide net,
screening for SRI mutual funds across multiple resources. Next LCM reviews that list to
eliminate false positives (commonly characterized as “Greenwashing”), funds that are SRI in
name only. Then, LCM performs the same analysis, utilizing the same metrics, it would on any
mutual fund it considers for client portfolios. Finally, LCM takes a deeper dive to validate the SRI
thesis of the fund. The result is a limited number of mutual funds that meet both LCM’s
investment criteria and SRI thesis.
There is currently no industry standard for the definition of sustainable & responsible
investments. Sustainable & Responsible Investing is qualitative and subjective by nature, and
there is no guarantee that the criteria utilized, or judgement exercised, by LCM will reflect the
beliefs or values of any one particular client. Sustainable & Responsible Investing uses
environmental, social, and governance factors (“ESG”) as part of the investment process, which
limits the types and number of investment opportunities available to the mutual funds and could
lead the portfolios to underperform other portfolios without and an SRI or ESG-oriented strategy.
The SRI strategy could result in portfolios investing in securities, industries, or sectors that
underperform the market as a whole, foregoing opportunities to invest in securities, industries,
or sectors that might otherwise be advantageous to invest in or underperform other portfolios or
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mutual funds screened for different SRI or ESG standards. LCM could also be unsuccessful in
creating portfolio composed of mutual funds that exhibit positive or favorable ESG
characteristics. The application of a sustainable & responsible investment criteria may affect a
client’s exposure to certain sectors or types of investment and may impact the client’s relative
investment performance – positively or negatively – depending on whether such sectors or
investments are in or out of favor in the market. By definition, Sustainable & Responsible
Investing results in portfolios that are less diversified than comparable broad market portfolios
because they are constructed to exclude investments in certain companies or industries, which
could lead to these portfolios being more or less volatile than a broader market portfolio. The
construction of sustainable & responsible portfolios reduces but does not eliminate the exposure
to companies that investors interested in sustainable & responsible investing may consider to be
undesirable. Information regarding ESG practices of companies that mutual funds of an SRI
portfolio invest in is obtained through voluntary or third-party reporting, which may not be
accurate or complete, and LCM is dependent on this information to determine the inclusion of a
mutual fund in a portfolio. SRI norms differ by region and there is no assurance that the
sustainable & responsible investing criteria employed will be successful.
Concentrated Portfolios
LCM may manage certain client accounts by investing in a very limited number of securities due
to inherent limitations in providing adequate diversification to very small accounts. In these
instances, clients should consider the fact that the risk of a very concentrated portfolio with
limited diversification increases the possibility of substantial losses and depreciation of the
portfolio in the event of an exogenous event, the concentrated stock or sector does not perform
as expected, and/ or deteriorating economic or market circumstances domestically and/or
internationally.
Additional Strategies
While LCM does not specifically use the investment strategies listed below, LCM may
recommend mutual funds who use these strategies in their management of the funds or
accounts. These may include but are not limited to:
• Tactical asset allocation
• Cash as a strategic asset
• Short-term trading
• Short-selling
• Trend methodology
• Defensive strategies
• Hedging
• Market timing
• Leverage
Clients interested in learning more about any of the above strategies should contact us for more
information and/or refer to the prospectus of any mutual fund. We may also consider additional
strategies by specific client request.
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Investing Involves Risk
Prior to entering into an agreement with LCM, the client should carefully consider:
1. That investing in securities involves risk of loss which clients should be prepared to bear;
2. That securities markets experience varying degrees of volatility;
3. That over time the client’s assets may fluctuate and at any time be worth more or less
than the amount invested; and
4. That clients should only commit assets that they feel are available for investment on a
long-term basis.
Specific Security Risks
General Risks of Owning Securities
The prices of securities held in client accounts and the income they generate may decline in
response to certain events taking place around the world. These include events directly
involving the issuers of securities held as underlying assets of mutual funds in a client’s
account, conditions affecting the general economy, and overall market changes. Other
contributing factors include local, regional, or global political, social, or economic instability and
governmental or governmental agency responses to economic conditions. Finally, currency,
interest rate, and commodity price fluctuations may also affect security prices and income.
Equity Securities
Equity securities represent an ownership position in a company. Equity securities typically
consist of common stocks. The prices of equity securities fluctuate based on, among other
things, events specific to their issuers and market, economic and other conditions. For example,
prices of these securities can be affected by financial contracts held by the issuer or third parties
(such as derivatives) relating to the security or other assets or indices.
There may be little trading in the secondary market for particular equity securities, which may
adversely affect the ability to dispose of those equity securities. Adverse publicity and investor
perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and/or
liquidity of equity securities.
Small Capitalization Equity Securities
Investing in smaller companies may pose additional risks as it is often more difficult to dispose
of small company stocks, more difficult to obtain information about smaller companies, and the
prices of their stocks may be more volatile than stocks of larger, more established companies.
Clients should have a long-term perspective and, for example, be able to tolerate potentially
sharp declines in value.
American Depository Receipts (ADRs)
An ADR is a security that trades on United States exchanges but represents a specified number
of shares in a foreign corporation. Investors buy and sell ADRs on American markets just like
regular stocks. Some banks and brokerage firms issue/sponsor ADRs. ADRs are subject to
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additional risks of investing in foreign securities, including, but not limited to, less complete
financial information available about foreign issuers, less market liquidity, more market volatility,
and political instability. In addition, currency exchange-rate fluctuations affect the U.S. dollar-
value of foreign holdings.
Debt Securities (Bonds)
Issuers use debt securities to borrow money. Generally, issuers pay investors periodic interest
and repay the amount borrowed either periodically during the life of the security and/or at
maturity. Alternatively, investors can purchase other debt securities, such as zero coupon
bonds, which do not pay current interest, but rather are priced at a discount from their face
values and their values accrete over time to face value at maturity. The market prices of debt
securities fluctuate depending on such factors as interest rates, credit quality, and maturity. In
general, market prices of debt securities decline when interest rates rise and increase when
interest rates fall. The longer the time to a bond’s maturity, the greater its interest rate risk.
Certain additional risk factors relating to debt securities include:
Reinvestment Risk
When interest rates are declining, investors have to reinvest their interest income and any return
of principal, whether scheduled or unscheduled, at lower prevailing rates.
Inflation Risk
Inflation causes tomorrow’s dollar to be worth less than today’s; in other words, it reduces the
purchasing power of a bond investor’s future interest payments and principal, collectively known
as “cash flows.” Inflation also leads to higher interest rates, which in turn leads to lower bond
prices.
Interest Rate and Market Risk
Debt securities may be sensitive to economic changes, political and corporate developments,
and interest rate changes. Investors can also expect periods of economic change and
uncertainty, which can result in increased volatility of market prices and yields of certain debt
securities. For example, prices of these securities can be affected by financial contracts held by
the issuer or third parties (such as derivatives) relating to the security or other assets or indices.
Call Risk
Debt securities may contain redemption or call provisions entitling their issuers to redeem them
at a specified price on a date prior to maturity. If an issuer exercises these provisions in a lower
interest rate market, the account would have to replace the security with a lower yielding
security, resulting in decreased income to investors.
Usually, a bond is called at or close to par value. This subjects investors that paid a premium for
their bond to a risk of lost principal. In reality, prices of callable bonds are unlikely to move much
above the call price if lower interest rates make the bond likely to be called.
Credit Risk
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If the issuer of a debt security defaults on its obligations to pay interest or principal or is the
subject of bankruptcy proceedings, the account may incur losses or expenses in seeking
recovery of amounts owed to it.
Liquidity and Valuation Risk
There may be little trading in the secondary market for particular debt securities, which may
affect adversely the account's ability to value accurately or dispose of such debt securities.
Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may
decrease the value and/or liquidity of debt securities.
It may be possible to reduce the risks described above through diversification of the client’s
portfolio and by credit analysis of each issuer, as well as by monitoring broad economic trends
and corporate and legislative developments, but there can be no assurance that we will be
successful in doing so. Credit ratings for debt securities provided by rating agencies reflect an
evaluation of the safety of principal and interest payments, not market value risk. The rating of
an issuer is a rating agency’s view of past and future potential developments related to the
issuer and may not necessarily reflect actual outcomes. There can be a lag between the time of
developments relating to an issuer and the time a rating is assigned and updated.
Bond rating agencies may assign modifiers (such as +/-) to ratings categories to signify the
relative position of a credit within the rating category. Unless we state otherwise, clients should
include any security within that category without considering the modifier when reading their
investment policies based on ratings categories.
Municipal Bonds
Municipal bonds are debt obligations generally issued to obtain funds for various public
purposes, including the construction of public facilities. Municipal bonds pay a lower rate of
return than most other types of bonds. However, because of a municipal bond’s tax-favored
status, investors should compare the relative after-tax return to the after-tax return of other
bonds, depending on the investor’s tax bracket. Investing in municipal bonds carries the same
general risks as investing in bonds in general. Those risks include interest rate risk,
reinvestment risk, inflation risk, market risk, call or redemption risk, credit risk, and liquidity and
valuation risk. Investing in municipal bonds carries risk unique to these types of bonds, which
may include:
Legislative Risk
Legislative risk includes the risk that a change in the tax code could affect the value of taxable
or tax-exempt interest income.
Tax-Bracket Changes
Municipal bonds generate tax-free income, and therefore pay lower interest rates than taxable
bonds. Investors who anticipate a significant drop in their marginal income-tax rate may benefit
from the higher yield available from taxable bonds.
Liquidity Risk
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The risk that investors may have difficulty finding a buyer when they want to sell and may be
forced to sell at a significant discount to market value. Liquidity risk is greater for thinly traded
securities such as lower-rated bonds, bonds that were part of a small issue, bonds that have
recently had their credit rating downgraded or bonds sold by an infrequent issuer. Municipal
bonds may be less liquid than other bonds.
Credit Risk
Credit risk includes the risk that a borrower will be unable to make interest or principal payments
when they are due and therefore default. To reduce investor concern, insurance policies that
guarantee repayment in the event of default back many municipal bonds.
AMT
LCM invests in a variety of fixed income securities for clients. For those accounts seeking
preservation of capital and current income exempt from taxation, where possible, we do not
invest in municipal bonds subject to the Alternative Minimum Tax (“AMT”).
General Obligation vs. Revenue Bonds
Typically, investors consider General Obligation bonds to be safer than Revenue bonds since
the full faith and credit of the issuer backs the interest and principal payments. With revenue
bonds, the interest and principal are dependent upon the revenues paid by users of the facility
or service. Frequently the issuers of revenue bonds are either private sector corporations (e.g.
hospitals) or entities that exist, often in local monopoly form, to provide a public service (e.g.
power utilities or public transportation authorities). Consequently, the thought is that the
consumer spending that provides the funding or income stream for revenue bond issuers may
be more vulnerable to changes in consumer tastes or a general economic downturn compared
to a state or city’s ability to raise taxes to pay for its General Obligation commitments.
Municipal Bonds of a Particular State
Municipal bonds are debt obligations generally issued to obtain funds for various public
purposes, including the construction of public facilities. Securities issued by California
municipalities are more susceptible to factors adversely affecting issuers of California securities.
For example, in the past, California voters have passed amendments to the state's constitution
and other measures that limit the taxing and spending authority of California governmental
entities, and future voter initiatives may adversely affect California municipal bonds.
Mutual Funds (Open-end Investment Company)
A mutual fund is a company that pools money from many investors and invests the money in
stocks, bonds, short-term money-market instruments, other securities or assets, or some
combination of these investments. The portfolio of the fund consists of the combined holdings it
owns. Each share represents an investor’s proportionate ownership of the fund’s holdings and
the income those holdings generate. The price that investors pay for mutual fund shares is the
fund’s per share net asset value (NAV) plus any shareholder fees that the fund imposes at the
time of purchase.
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The benefits of investing through mutual funds include:
Professionally Managed
Mutual funds are professional managed by investment adviser who research, select, and
monitor the performance of the securities the fund purchases.
Diversification
Mutual funds typically have the benefit of diversification, which is an investing strategy that
generally sums up as “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” Spreading investments across a
wide range of companies and industry sectors can help lower the risk if a company or sector
fails. Some investors find it easier to achieve diversification through ownership of mutual funds
rather than through ownership of individual stocks or bonds.
Affordability
Some mutual funds accommodate investors who do not have a lot of money to invest by setting
relatively low dollar amounts for initial purchases, subsequent monthly purchases, or both.
Liquidity
At any time, mutual fund investors can readily redeem their shares at the current NAV, less any
fees and charges assessed on redemption.
Mutual funds also have features that some investors might view as disadvantages:
Fund Costs
Investors must pay annual fees, and other fund-related expenses regardless of how the fund
performs.
Lack of Control
Investors typically cannot ascertain the exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio at any given time,
nor can they directly influence which securities the fund manager buys and sells or the timing of
those trades.
Price Uncertainty
With an individual stock, investors can obtain real-time (or close to real-time) pricing information
with relative ease by checking financial websites or by calling a broker or investment adviser.
Investors can also monitor how a stock’s price changes from hour to hour—or even second to
second. By contrast, with a mutual fund, the price at which an investor purchases or redeems
shares will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which the fund might not calculate until many
hours after the investor placed the order. In general, mutual funds must calculate their NAV at
least once every business day, typically after the major U.S. exchanges close.
Different Types of Funds
When it comes to investing in mutual funds, investors have literally thousands of choices. Most
mutual funds fall into one of three main categories; money market funds, bond funds (also
called “fixed income” funds), and stock funds (also called “equity” funds). Each type has
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different features and different risks and rewards. Generally, the higher the potential return, the
higher the risk of loss.
Money Market Funds
Money market funds have relatively low risks, compared to other mutual funds (and most other
investments). By law, they can invest in only certain high quality, short-term investments issued
by the U.S. Government, U.S. corporations, and state and local governments. Money market
funds try to keep their net asset value (NAV), which represents the value of one share in a fund,
at a stable $1.00 per share. However, the NAV may fall below $1.00 if the fund’s investments
perform poorly. Investor losses have been rare, but they are possible. Money market funds pay
dividends that generally reflect short-term interest rates, and historically the returns for money
market funds have been lower than for either bond or stock funds.
Bond Funds
Bond funds generally have higher risks than money market funds, largely because they typically
pursue strategies aimed at producing higher yields. Unlike money market funds, the SEC’s rules
do not restrict bond funds to high quality or short-term investments. Because there are many
different types of bonds, bond funds can vary dramatically in their risks and rewards.
Stock Funds
Although a stock fund’s value can rise and fall quickly (and dramatically) over the short term,
historically stocks have performed better over the long term than other types of investments.
This is true for corporate bonds, government bonds, and treasury securities. Overall “market
risk” poses the greatest potential danger for investors in stocks funds. Stock prices can fluctuate
for a broad range of reasons—such as the overall strength of the economy or demand for
particular products or services. Not all stock funds are the same.
Tax Consequences of Mutual Funds
When investors buy and hold an individual stock or bond, the investor must pay income tax
each year on the dividends or interest the investor receives. However, the investor will not have
to pay any capital gains tax until the investor actually sells and makes a profit. Mutual funds are
different. When an investor buys and holds mutual fund shares, the investor will owe income tax
on any ordinary dividends in the year the investor receives or reinvests them. Moreover, in
addition to owing taxes on any personal capital gains when the investor sells shares, the
investor may have to pay taxes each year on the fund’s capital gains. That is because the law
requires mutual funds to distribute capital gains to shareholders if they sell securities for a profit
that cannot be offset by a loss.
Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)
An ETF is a type of Investment Company (usually, an open-end fund or unit investment trust)
containing a basket of stocks. Typically, the objective of an ETF is to achieve returns similar to a
particular market index, including sector indexes. An ETF is similar to an index fund in that it will
primarily invest in securities of companies that are included in a selected market. Unlike
traditional mutual funds, which can only be redeemed at the end of a trading day, ETFs trade
throughout the day on an exchange. Like stock mutual funds, the prices of the underlying
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securities and the overall market may affect ETF prices. Similarly, factors affecting a particular
industry segment may affect ETF prices that track that particular sector.
ETFs traditionally have been index funds, but in 2008, the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission began to authorize the creation of actively managed ETFs.
Obligations Backed by the "Full Faith and Credit" of the U.S. Government
U.S. government obligations include the following types of securities:
U.S. Treasury Securities
U.S. Treasury securities include direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury, such as Treasury
Inflation Protected securities (TIPS), Treasury bills, notes, and bonds. For these securities, the
U.S. government unconditionally guarantees the payment of principal and interest, resulting in
the highest possible credit quality. Fluctuations in interest rates subject U.S. Treasury securities
to variations in market value. However, they are paid in full when held to maturity.
Federal Agency Securities
Certain U.S. government agencies and government-sponsored entities guarantee the timely
payment of principal and interest with the backing of the full faith and credit of the U.S.
government. Such agencies and entities include The Federal Financing Bank (FFB), the
Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), the Veterans Administration (VA), the
Federal Housing Administration (FHA), the Export-Import Bank (Exim Bank), the Overseas
Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) and the Small
Business Administration (SBA).
Other Federal Agency Obligations
Additional federal agency securities neither are direct obligations of, nor guaranteed by, the U.S.
government. These obligations include securities issued by certain U.S. government agencies
and government-sponsored entities. However, they generally involve some form of federal
sponsorship: some operate under a government charter; specific types of collateral back some;
the issuer’s right to borrow from the Treasury supports some; and only the credit of the issuing
government agency or entity supports others. These agencies and entities include, but are not
limited to the Federal Home Loan Bank, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie
Mac), Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), and the Tennessee Valley
Authority and Federal Farm Credit Bank System.
On September 7, 2008, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae were placed into conservatorship by their
new regulator, the Federal Housing Finance Agency. Simultaneously, the U.S. Treasury made a
commitment of indefinite duration to maintain the positive net worth of both firms.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are the most liquid of investments. Cash and cash equivalents are
considered very low-risk investments meaning, there is little risk of losing the principal
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investment. Typically, low risk also means low return and the interest an investor can earn on
this type of investment is low relative to other types of investing vehicles.
Securities with Equity and Debt Characteristics
Some securities have a combination of equity and debt characteristics. These securities may at
times behave more like equity than debt or vice versa. Some types of convertible bonds,
preferred stocks or other preferred securities automatically convert into common stocks or other
securities at a stated conversion ratio and some may be subject to redemption at the option of
the issuer at a predetermined price. These securities, prior to conversion, may pay a fixed rate
of interest or a dividend. Because convertible securities have both debt and equity
characteristics, their values vary in response to many factors, including the values of the
securities into which they are convertible, general market and economic conditions, and
convertible market valuations, as well as changes in interest rates, credit spreads and the credit
quality of the issuer.
Options and Covered Calls
Options may involve certain costs and risk such as liquidity, interest rate, market, credit, and the
risk that a position could not be closed when most favorable. The sale of covered call options is
intended to produce additional income for the client’s account or to limit downside risk.
However, selling covered call options may limit upside gains in some circumstances.
Warrants
Warrants may be issued together with bonds or preferred stocks. Warrants generally entitle the
holder to buy a proportionate amount of common stock at a specified price, usually higher than
the current market price. Warrants may carry an expiration date or exist in perpetuity.
Closed-end Fund
Closed-end funds do not continually offer their shares for sale. Rather, they sell a fixed number
of shares at an initial offering, after which the shares typically trade on a secondary market,
such as the New York Stock Exchange or the NASDAQ Stock Market. Risk factors pertaining to
closed-end funds are similar to those of mutual funds and vary from fund to fund. Additionally,
closed-end funds are subject to the following:
Valuation Risk
Common shares may trade above (a premium) or below (a discount) the net asset value (NAV)
of the trust/fund’s portfolio. At times, discounts could widen or premiums could shrink, and could
either dilute positive performance or compound negative performance. There is no assurance
that discounted funds will appreciate to their NAV.
Fluctuating Dividends in Actively Managed Portfolios
The composition of the trust/fund’s portfolio could change, which, all else being equal, could
cause a reduction in dividends paid to common shares. Certain closed-end funds invest in
common stocks. There is no guarantee of dividends from these common stocks. Fluctuations in
dividend levels over time, up and down, are to be expected.
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Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS)
Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) are inflation-indexed securities structured to
remove inflation risk. The principal of a TIPS increases with inflation and decreases with
deflation, as measured by the Consumer Price Index. When a TIPS matures, the investor
receives the adjusted principal or original principal, whichever is greater. TIPS pay interest twice
a year, at a fixed rate. The rate is applied to the adjusted principal; so, like the principal, interest
payments rise with inflation and fall with deflation.
Inflation-indexed Bonds and Interest Rate-indexed Bonds
LCM may invest for client accounts in inflation-indexed bonds issued by governments, their
agencies or instrumentalities and corporations. The principal amount of an inflation-indexed
bond adjusts to changes in the level of the consumer price index. In the case of U.S. Treasury
inflation-indexed bonds, the U.S. Government guarantees the repayment of the original bond
principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation). Therefore, the principal amount of such bonds
cannot fall below par even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of
these bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate, reflecting the rise and fall of yields.
Investing Outside the U.S.
Investing outside the United States may involve additional risks. These risks may include
currency controls and fluctuating currency values, and different accounting, auditing, financial
reporting, disclosure, and regulatory and legal standards and practices. Additional factors may
include changing local, regional, and global economic, political, and social conditions. Further,
expropriation, changes in tax policy, greater market volatility, different securities market
structures, and higher transaction costs can be contributors. Finally, various administrative
difficulties, such as delays in clearing and settling portfolio transactions or in receiving payment
of dividends can also lead to additional risk.
Variable Annuities
A variable annuity is a contract with an insurance company, under which the insurer agrees to
make periodic payments, beginning either immediately or at some future date. A variable
annuity contract is purchased by making either a single purchase payment or a series of
purchase payments. The value of a variable annuity will vary depending on the performance of
the investment options chosen. The investment options for a variable annuity are typically
mutual funds (called sub-accounts) that invest in stocks, bonds, money market instruments, or
some combination of the three.
Although variable annuities are typically invested in mutual fund sub-accounts, variable
annuities differ from mutual funds in several important ways:
First, variable annuities allow an owner to receive periodic payments for the rest of their life (or
the life of a spouse or other designated person). This feature offers some protection against the
possibility that, after retirement, the owner will outlive their assets.
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Second, variable annuities have a death benefit. If the owner dies before the insurer has
started making payments, the beneficiary is guaranteed to receive a specified amount – typically
at least the amount of the purchase payments. The beneficiary will get a benefit from this
feature if, at the time of the owner’s death, the account value is less than the guaranteed
amount.
Third, variable annuities are tax-deferred. That means the owner pays no taxes on the income
and investment gains from an annuity until money is withdrawn. Money can also be transferred
from one investment option to another within a variable annuity without paying tax at the time of
the transfer. When money is taken out of a variable annuity, the earnings are taxed at ordinary
income tax rates rather than lower capital gains rates. In general, the benefits of tax deferral will
outweigh the costs of a variable annuity only if held as a long-term investment to meet
retirement and other long-range goals.
There are also risks when investing in variable annuities:
1. Other investment vehicles, such as IRAs and employer-sponsored 401(k) plans, also
may provide tax-deferred growth and other tax advantages. For most investors, it will be
advantageous to make the maximum allowable contributions to IRAs and 401(k) plans
before investing in a variable annuity.
a. In addition, if investing in a variable annuity through a tax-advantaged retirement
plan (such as a 401(k) plan or IRA), there is no additional tax advantage from the
variable annuity. Under these circumstances, consider buying a variable annuity
only if it makes sense because of the annuity's other features, such as lifetime
income payments and death benefit protection. The tax rules that apply to
variable annuities can be complicated – before investing, a tax adviser should be
consulted about the tax consequences.
2. Variable annuities are designed to be long-term investments, to meet retirement and
other long-range goals. Variable annuities are not suitable for meeting short-term goals
because substantial taxes and insurance company charges may apply if money is
withdrawn early.
3. Investors pay for each benefit provided by the variable annuity, and should understand
the charges and carefully consider whether the benefit is needed. Consideration should
also be made whether the investor could buy the benefit more cheaply as part of the
variable annuity or separately (e.g., through a long-term care insurance policy).
Fixed Indexed Annuity
A fixed indexed annuity is an insurance product. The purchaser of a fixed indexed annuity has
the option to elect a declared interest rate which provides for a minimum amount of guaranteed
interest on a portion of the premiums paid. Additionally, the fixed indexed annuity provides for
higher potential interest rates based on the performance of an outside index. An indexed
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annuity has a floor or zero, meaning that in a market downturn, while the investor will receive no
interest, the investor will not lose any previously credited premiums or interest.
Fixed indexed annuities have surrender charges; surrender charges vary in rate and period.
Indexed annuities are retirement savings vehicles and are not meant for short term savings.
Indexed annuities come with many different provisions, riders, and conversion options.
Indexed annuities don’t directly participate in stock or equity investments. Withdrawals or
surrenders before the expiration of an indexed period will result in no index participation for
those amounts. Failure to maintain the contract until it matures may result in no participation in
the equity index. Actual returns may be less than the return of the linked index − possibly even
negative if you surrender any of the contract before the expiration of any applicable surrender
charge period.
ITEM 9 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
LCM and our personnel seek to maintain the highest level of business professionalism, integrity,
and ethics. LCM does not have any disciplinary information to disclose.
ITEM 10 - OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND
AFFILIATIONS
LCM is not registered nor has a pending application to be registered as a broker-dealer or as a
futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, a commodity trading advisor, or an
associated person of the foregoing entities.
LCM has no relationship or arrangement with any other party that creates a material conflict of
interest for current clients.
ITEM 11 - CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN
CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING
Code of Ethics
LCM believes that we owe clients the highest level of trust and fair dealing. As part of our
fiduciary duty, we place the interests of our clients ahead of the interests of the firm and our
personnel. LCM’s personnel are required to conduct themselves with integrity at all times and
follow the principles and policies detailed in our Code of Ethics.
LCM’s Code of Ethics attempts to address specific conflicts of interest that either we have
identified or that could likely arise. LCM’s personnel are required to follow clear guidelines from
the Code of Ethics in areas such as gifts and entertainment, other business activities,
prohibitions of insider trading, and adherence to applicable state and federal securities laws.
Additionally, individuals who formulate investment advice for clients, or who have access to
nonpublic information regarding any clients’ purchase or sale of securities are subject to
personal trading policies governed by the Code of Ethics (see below).
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LCM will provide a complete copy of the Code of Ethics to any client or prospective client upon
request.
Personal Trading Practices
LCM and our personnel may purchase or sell securities for themselves, regardless of whether
the transaction would be appropriate for a client’s account. LCM and our personnel may
purchase or sell securities for themselves that we also utilize for clients. This includes related
securities (e.g., warrants, options, or futures). This presents a potential conflict of interest as we
may have an incentive to take investment opportunities from clients for our own benefit, favor
our personal trades over client transactions when allocating trades, or to use the information
about the transactions we intend to make for clients to our personal benefit by trading ahead of
clients.
Our policies to address these conflicts include the following:
1. The client receives the opportunity to act on investment decisions/recommendations
prior to and in preference to accounts of LCM and our personnel.
2. LCM prohibits trading in a manner that takes personal advantage of price movements
caused by client transactions.
3. If we wish to purchase or sell the same security as we recommend or take action to
purchase or sell for a client, we will not do so until the custodian fills client orders.
(except when the transaction meets our de minimis policy described below or when we
are aggregating personal and proprietary trades with client trades as disclosed under
Limited Aggregation with Client Orders below) As a result of this policy, it is possible
that clients may receive a better or worse price than LCM or any employee for the same
security on the same day as a client or one or more days before or after the client's
transaction.
4. We require personnel to pre-screen personal trades in securities also owned by or
currently considered for our clients. Pre-screening is a distribution notice to all Portfolio
Managers of the intention to personally trade any security that is either held by clients or
that is currently on our research list. However, we do not require pre-screening for:
a. Transactions that meet our de minimis policy described below;
b. Transactions effected pursuant to an automatic investment plan;
c. Securities held in accounts over which the LCM’s personnel has no direct or
indirect influence or control;
d. Transactions and holdings in direct obligations of the Government of the United
States;
e. Money market instruments-bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit,
commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other high quality short-term debt
instruments;
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f. Transactions and holdings in shares of mutual funds, since LCM has no material
relationship with an investment company; and
g. Transactions in units of a unit investment trust if the unit investment trust is
invested exclusively in unaffiliated mutual funds.
5. LCM requires our personnel to report personal securities transactions on a quarterly
basis.
6. Under certain limited circumstances, we make exceptions to the policies stated above.
LCM will maintain records of these trades, including the reasons for any exceptions.
De minimis Policy
Securities transactions by LCM and our personnel are generally subject to a pre-screening
policy that seeks to make personal trading consistent with our fiduciary duty to clients. However,
LCM and our personnel are not required to pre-screen certain de minimis transactions that we
believe would not adversely affect client interests or the securities markets when conducting
small transactions in largely capitalized/frequently traded securities. LCM and our personnel are
not required to pre-screen the following types of transactions:
Equity Securities
The transaction is under $10,000, the security has a market capitalization of over $2 billion or
average daily trading volume of over two million shares, and the security trades on the NYSE or
other domestic exchange/financial market, including NASDAQ (excluding all options).
Exchange Traded Funds
The transaction is under $10,000 and the security has an average daily trading volume of over
two million shares and the security trades on the NYSE/AMEX or other domestic
exchange/financial market, including NASDAQ.
Debt Securities
The bond purchase or sale is less than $50,000 in principal amount per issuer.
Ban on Short-Term Trading Profits
All personal and proprietary transactions in securities also owned by clients that fall under the
de minimis exemption above are subject to a 30-day ban on short-term trading profits, except
when selling at a loss. We may make exceptions to the 30-day ban when the trade would not
disadvantage any client.
Limited Aggregation with Client Orders
For particular trading strategies or on other rare occasions, LCM may aggregate trades in like
securities among client accounts as well as with managed accounts of LCM and our personnel.
Trading on an aggregated basis may allow us to participate in volume discounts generally
attributable to larger fixed income orders, facilitate best execution, or negotiate more favorable
commission rates. This presents a potential conflict of interest, as we may have an incentive to
allocate more favorable executions to our own accounts or to the accounts of our personnel.
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Our policies to address this conflict are as follows:
1. We will disclose our aggregation policies in this brochure;
2. We will not aggregate transactions unless we believe that aggregation is consistent with
our duty to seek best execution (which includes the duty to seek best price) for our
clients. The trade also needs to be consistent with the terms of our investment advisory
agreement with each client that has an account included in the aggregation;
3. We will not favor any account over any other account. This includes accounts of LCM or
any of our personnel. Each account in the aggregated order will participate at the
average share price for all of our transactions in a given security on a given business
day (per custodian). All accounts will pay their individual transaction costs;
4. Before entering an aggregated order, we will prepare a written statement (the “Allocation
Statement”) specifying the participating accounts and how we intend to allocate the
order among those accounts;
5. If the aggregated order is filled entirely, we will allocate shares among clients according
to the Allocation Statement; if the order is partially filled, we will allocate it pro-rata
according to the Allocation Statement.
6. However, we may allocate the order differently than specified in the Allocation Statement
if all client accounts receive fair and equitable treatment. In this case, we will explain the
reasons for a different allocation in writing, which the CCO must approve no later than
one hour after the opening of the markets on the trading day following the day the order
was executed;
7. Our books and records will separately reflect each aggregated order and the securities
held by, bought, and sold for each client account;
8. Funds and securities of clients participating in an aggregated order will be deposited with
one or more qualified custodians. Clients’ cash and securities will not be held collectively
any longer than is necessary to settle the trade on a delivery versus payment basis.
Following settlement, cash or securities held collectively for clients will be delivered out
to the qualified custodian as soon as practical;
9. We do not receive additional compensation or remuneration of any kind as a result of
aggregating orders; and
10. We will provide individual investment advice and treatment to each client’s account.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
The following items represent situations where a conflict of interest may exist between the client
and LCM and our personnel.
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Cross Transactions
At times, a client may need to sell a security that we think is a good fit for another client’s
account. In this case, we may internally cross the security from the account of the selling client
to the buying client’s account. We will only do this when the proposed transaction is in the best
interests of both clients. We do not “dump” a security into a client’s portfolio just because
another client needs to sell, nor do we decide to sell a security from one client’s account just
because another client needs a similar security. Usually, this situation comes up with fixed
income securities where we can get a better deal for both clients by crossing the security
instead of going into the open market to complete separate transactions.
The price for a cross transaction will be determined by an independent broker-dealer, and is
usually the mid-point between the best bid and offer prices available for the size of the
transaction. We will also take into account any additional fees charged to cross the security to
ensure that the transaction is still appropriate for both clients. LCM does not act as broker for
any cross transactions effected for clients, and will never receive any commissions or other
compensation for these trades (other than our normal advisory fees for managing the accounts).
We will provide details pertaining to all cross trades to participating clients prior to or promptly
following each crossed transaction.
ITEM 12 - BROKERAGE PRACTICES
The Custodian and Brokers We Use
LCM requires clients to open one or more custodian accounts in their own name at a custodian
of the client’s choice. For clients in need of brokerage or custodial services, we may recommend
the use of Schwab Advisor Services™, a division of Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”),
registered broker-dealer(s), Members SIPC (collectively, “qualified custodian(s)”). Upon client
inquiry, we may also recommend other brokerage or custodial services. LCM is independently
owned and operated, and unaffiliated with any qualified custodian.
While we recommend the use of certain qualified custodian(s), the client must decide whether to
do so and open accounts with the qualified custodian by entering into account agreements
directly with them. The client will enter into a separate agreement with the qualified custodian to
custody the assets. We require that clients grant us limited power of attorney to execute
transactions through the client’s chosen qualified custodian. We do not open accounts for
clients, although we may assist them in doing so. Not all advisors request their clients to use a
qualified custodian selected by the advisor. Even though clients maintain accounts at the
qualified custodian, we can still use other brokers to execute trades for client accounts (see
Client Brokerage and Custody Costs, below).
How We Select Brokers/Custodians
We seek to recommend a qualified custodian who will hold client assets and execute
transactions on terms that are, overall, most advantageous when compared to other available
providers and their services. We consider a wide range of factors, including, among others:
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1. Combination of transaction execution services and asset custody services (generally
without a separate fee for custody)
2. Capability to execute, clear, and settle trades (buy and sell securities for client accounts)
3. Capability to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers,
check requests, bill payment, etc.)
4. Breadth of available investment products (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange-traded
funds [ETFs], etc.)
5. Availability of investment research and tools that assist us in making investment
decisions
6. Quality of services
7. Competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, other fees, etc.) and
willingness to negotiate the prices
8. Reputation, financial strength, and stability
9. Prior service to LCM and our other clients
10. Availability of other products and services that benefit us, as discussed below (see
Products and Services Available to Us From Qualified Custodians, below)
Client Brokerage and Custody Costs
For our clients’ accounts maintained by the recommended qualified custodians, they do not
charge separately for custody services and does not charge commissions for stock, ETF, or
options transaction. However, the qualified custodian is compensated through returns earned on
invested cash and by charging commissions or other fees on certain trades that they execute or
that settle into clients’ accounts. In addition to commissions, the qualified custodian will
generally charge a flat dollar amount as a “prime broker” or “trade away” fee for each trade that
we have executed by a different broker-dealer but where the securities bought or the funds from
the securities sold are deposited (settled) into a client’s qualified custodian account. These fees
are in addition to the commissions or other compensation the client pays the executing broker-
dealer. Because of this, in order to minimize trading costs, we have the qualified custodians
execute most trades for client accounts. We have determined that having the qualified
custodians execute most trades is consistent with our duty to seek “best execution” of client
trades. Best execution means the most favorable terms for a transaction based on all relevant
factors, including those listed above (see How We Select Brokers/Custodians).
Products and Services Available to Us from Qualified Custodians
The qualified custodians we recommend to our clients provide LCM and our clients with access
to their institutional brokerage, trading, custody, reporting, and related services, many of which
are not typically available to retail customers. The qualified custodian also makes available
various support services. Some of those services help us manage or administer our clients’
accounts; others help us manage and grow our business. Support services generally are
available on an unsolicited basis (we do not have to request them) and at no charge to us.
The following is a more detailed description of the support services available through the
qualified custodians we recommend:
Services That Benefit Our Clients
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The qualified custodians’ services include access to a broad range of investment products,
execution of securities transactions, and custody of client assets. The investment products
available through the qualified custodians include some to which we might not otherwise have
access or that would require a significantly higher minimum initial investment by our clients. The
services described in this paragraph generally benefit our clients and their accounts.
Services That May Not Directly Benefit Our Clients
The qualified custodians also make available to us other products and services that benefit us
but may not directly benefit our clients or their accounts. These products and services assist us
in managing and administering our clients’ accounts. They include proprietary investment
research and third party research. We may use this research to service all or a substantial
number of our clients’ accounts, including accounts not maintained at the qualified custodian. In
addition to investment research, the qualified custodians also make available software and other
technology that:
1. Provide access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and
account statements)
2. Facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client
accounts
3. Provide pricing and other market data
4. Facilitate payment of our fees from our clients’ accounts
5. Assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping, and client reporting
Services That Generally Benefit Only Us
The qualified custodians also offer other services intended to help us manage and further
develop our business enterprise. These services may include:
1. Educational conferences and events
2. Consulting on technology, compliance, legal, and business needs
3. Publications and conferences on practice management and business succession
4. Access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants, and insurance
providers
The qualified custodians may provide some of these services themselves or may arrange for
third-party vendors to provide the services to us. They may also discount or waive fees for some
of these services or pay all or a part of a third party’s fees. The qualified custodians may also
provide us with other benefits, such as occasional business entertainment of our personnel.
Our Interest in the Qualified Custodians’ Services
The availability of these services benefits us because we do not have to produce or purchase
them. These services are not contingent upon us committing any specific amount of business to
the qualified custodian(s) in trading commissions. We believe that our selection of qualified
custodians as custodians and brokers is in the best interests of our clients. LCM primarily
supports our selection of the qualified custodians we recommend by the scope, quality, and
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price of their services (see How We Select Brokers/Custodians, above) and not the services
that benefit only us.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
Schwab Advisor Network
Effective May 21, 2021, LCM is no longer participating in the Schwab Advisor Network® (“the
Service”). LCM received client referrals from Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) through
our past participation in “the Service”. Schwab designed the Service to help investors find an
independent investment advisor. Schwab is a broker-dealer independent of, and unaffiliated
with LCM. Schwab does not supervise us and has no responsibility for our management of
clients’ portfolios or other advice or services we provide. LCM pays Schwab a participation fee
on client referrals received through the Service prior to May 21, 2021. Our participation in the
Service may raise potential conflicts of interest, as described below.
Participation Fee
LCM pays Schwab a Participation Fee on all referred clients’ accounts custodied at Schwab and
a Non-Schwab Custody Fee on all accounts maintained at, or transferred to, another custodian.
The Participation Fee we pay is a percentage of the fees the client pays to us, or a percentage
of the value of the assets in the client’s account subject to a minimum Participation Fee. LCM
pays Schwab the Participation Fee as long as the referred client’s account remains in custody at
Schwab. Schwab bills us the Participation Fee quarterly and Schwab may increase, decrease,
or waive the fee from time to time. LCM pays the Participation Fee and not the client. We have
agreed not to charge clients referred through the Service fees or costs greater than the fees or
costs we normally charge to clients with similar portfolios who were not referred through the
Service.
Non-Schwab Custody Fee
LCM generally pays Schwab a Non-Schwab Custody Fee if Schwab does not maintain custody
of a referred client’s account, or if we transfer assets in the account away from Schwab. This
Fee does not apply if the client was solely responsible for the decision not to maintain custody
at Schwab. The Non-Schwab Custody Fee is a one-time payment equal to a percentage of the
assets placed with a custodian other than Schwab. The Non-Schwab Custody Fee is higher
than the Participation Fees LCM would generally pay in a single year. This means we have an
incentive to recommend that referred clients’ maintain custody of their accounts at Schwab.
Schwab bases the Participation Fee and Non-Schwab Custody Fee on assets in accounts of
our clients referred by Schwab and those referred clients’ family members living in the same
household. This means that we have incentive to encourage household members of clients
referred through the Service to maintain custody of their accounts and execute transactions at
Schwab and to instruct Schwab to debit our fees directly from their accounts.
Schwab Agreement
LCM has entered into an agreement with Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., under which LCM
receives monetary assistance to be applied toward technology related expenses. While we
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utilize this assistance toward technology-related expenses that help us service all LCM client
accounts, only those clients with accounts custodied at Schwab generate this particular benefit.
In recommending Schwab as the broker and custodian for certain of its current and future client
accounts, LCM takes into consideration our arrangement with Schwab. Although LCM believes
that the products and services offered by Schwab are competitive in the market place for similar
services offered by other broker-dealers or custodians, the arrangement with Schwab as to the
technology expense credit may affect LCM’s independent judgment in selecting or maintaining
Schwab as the broker or custodian for client accounts. As part of our fiduciary duties to clients,
LCM endeavors at all times to put the interests of its clients first. Clients should be aware,
however, that the economic benefits we receive in and of itself creates a potential conflict of
interest.
Directed Brokerage
LCM will not allow clients to direct LCM to use a specific broker-dealer to execute transactions.
Clients must use the broker-dealer/custodian that they selected to custody their account(s) to
execute transactions. However, we can still use other brokers to execute trades for client
accounts, and clients may pay a trade away fee in addition to the transaction fee the broker-
dealer/custody charges. Not all investment advisers require their clients to trade through specific
brokerage firms. By requiring clients to use their broker-dealer/custodian to execute
transactions, LCM believes we may be able to more effectively manage the client’s portfolio,
achieve favorable execution of client transactions, and overall lower the costs to the portfolio.
Since we recommend most of our clients to maintain their accounts with Schwab, it is also
important for clients to consider and compare the significant differences between having assets
custodied at another broker-dealer, bank or other custodian prior to opening an account with us.
Some of these differences include, but are not limited to; total account costs, trading freedom,
transaction fees/commission rates, and security and technology services. By recommending
that clients use Schwab, LCM believes we may be able to more effectively manage the client’s
portfolio, achieve favorable execution of client transactions, and overall lower the costs to the
portfolio.
Aggregation and Allocation of Transactions
LCM may aggregate transactions if we believe that aggregation is consistent with the duty to
seek best execution for our clients and is consistent with the disclosures made to clients and
terms defined in the client investment advisory agreement. No advisory client will be favored
over any other client, and each account that participates in an aggregated order will participate
at the average share price (per custodian) for all transactions in that security on a given
business day, and where feasible, with all transaction costs shared on a pro-rata basis based
upon each client’s participation in the transaction. See Limited Aggregation with Client
Orders under Item 11, above.
Equity Rotations
When purchasing or selling a particular security across client accounts, LCM may not be able to
aggregate transactions for accounts held by different custodial brokers. To ensure that no
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advisory client will be favored over any other client, LCM employs a trade rotation policy in
which aggregated trades are executed sequentially, placing the trade first with one custodial
broker and then another. Each successive aggregated transaction in a different security is
executed again sequentially, with the order of the custodial brokers being rotated so that a
different set of clients is traded first. In the rare event that an aggregated transaction is not
completely filled, we will allocate to each client’s account in an alternate manner that is fair and
equitable to each client involved in the original allocation.
ITEM 13 - REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
Managed Account Reviews
We generally offer account reviews to clients on an annual basis. Depending on client
preference, reviews may be conducted by phone, mail, e-mail, or in person. Clients have
discretion to review their accounts more frequently based upon individual circumstances or
market volatility. Internally, each account is reviewed by two reviewers quarterly. Reviewers
monitor security positions in client portfolios and rebalance asset classes according to asset
allocation based upon client objectives.
Raymond Robinson, Portfolio Manager, reviews all client accounts quarterly. In addition, the
following individuals each review accounts for the clients they manage:
• Marr N. Leisure, President, Chief Compliance Officer, and Chief Investment Officer
• Gideon Bernstein, Portfolio Manager and Director of Research
• Patrick Maxwell, Senior Investment Officer
• Avery Wenck, Investment Advisor
• Eric Shute, Financial Advisor & Investment Analyst
Account Reporting
Each client receives a written statement from the custodian that includes an accounting of all
holdings and transactions in the account for the reporting period. In addition, LCM provides
written reports detailing performance in client accounts on a quarterly basis.
ITEM 14 - CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
Qualified Custodian Support Products and Services
We receive an economic benefit from the qualified custodians we recommend in the form of the
support products and services they make available to us and other independent investment
advisors whose clients maintain their accounts with the qualified custodian(s). These products
and services, how they benefit us, and the related conflicts of interest are described above (see
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices). We do not base particular investment advice, such as buying
particular securities for our clients, on the availability of the qualified custodians’ products and
services to us.
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Client Referral Fees
If an unaffiliated person introduces a client to LCM, we may compensate that promoter through
direct or indirect compensation in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-1 of the
Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and any corresponding state securities law requirements.
LCM pays any referral fee to the promoter from our standard investment advisory fee.
The promoter will disclose at the time of the solicitation whether they are or are not a current
client of the firm; whether they will receive any cash or non-cash compensation for the referral;
and a statement that the receipt of compensation for a referral creates a conflict of interest. In
addition, the promoter will provide each prospective client with a copy of a written disclosure
statement disclosing the terms and conditions of the arrangement between LCM and the
promoter, including the compensation the promoter will receive from LCM and any material
conflicts of interest on the part of the promoter as a result of the referral arrangement.
Outside Compensation
LCM may refer clients to unaffiliated professionals for specific needs, such as insurance,
mortgage brokerage, real estate sales, estate planning, legal, and/or tax/accounting services. In
turn, these professionals may refer clients to LCM for advisory services. We do not have any
agreements with individuals or companies that we refer clients to, and we do not receive any
compensation for these referrals. However, it could be concluded that LCM is receiving an
indirect economic benefit from the arrangement, as the relationships are mutually beneficial. For
example, there could be an incentive for us to recommend services of firms who refer clients to
LCM.
LCM only refers clients to professionals we believe are competent and qualified in their field, but
it is ultimately the client’s responsibility to evaluate the provider, and it is solely the client’s
decision whether to engage a recommended firm. Clients are under no obligation to purchase
any products or services through these professionals, and LCM has no control over the services
provided by another firm. Clients who chose to engage these professionals will sign a separate
agreement with the other firm. Fees charged by the other firm are separate from and in addition
to fees charged by LCM.
If the client desires, LCM will work with these professionals or the client’s other advisers (such
as an accountant, attorney, or other investment adviser) to help ensure that the provider
understands the client’s investments and to coordinate services for the client. LCM does not
share information with an unaffiliated professional unless first authorized by the client.
ITEM 15 - CUSTODY
LCM has limited custody of some of our clients’ funds or securities when the clients authorize us
to deduct our management fees directly from the client’s account. A qualified custodian
(generally a broker-dealer, bank, trust company, or other financial institution) holds clients’ funds
and securities. Clients will receive statements directly from their qualified custodian at least
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quarterly. The statements will reflect the client’s funds and securities held with the qualified
custodian as well as any transactions that occurred in the account, including the deduction of
our fee.
Clients should carefully review the account statements they receive from the qualified custodian.
When clients receive statements from LCM as well as from the qualified custodian, they should
compare these two reports carefully. Clients with any questions about their statements should
contact us at the address or phone number on the cover of this brochure. Clients who do not
receive a statement from their qualified custodian at least quarterly should also notify us.
ITEM 16 - INVESTMENT DISCRETION
LCM has full discretion to decide the specific security to trade, the quantity, and the timing of
transactions for client accounts. LCM will not contact clients before placing trades in their
account, but clients may receive confirmations directly from the broker for any trades placed.
Clients grant us discretionary authority in the contracts they sign with us. Clients also give us
trading authority within their accounts when they sign the custodian paperwork.
Certain client-imposed conditions may limit our discretionary authority, such as where the client
prohibits transactions in specific security types. See also Tailored Services and Client
Imposed Restrictions under Item 4, above.
Non-Discretionary Assets
Upon a client’s request, LCM may offer non-discretionary management services for the client’s
employer-plan(s). In addition, we may provide non-discretionary management to accounts (or to
certain assets within discretionary accounts) where the client requests restrictions or limitations
on our management. In these instances, we make recommendations to clients on what
securities or products to buy or sell, and it is up to the client to approve our recommendations.
Once we receive approval from the client to go forward, we will place the trades in the client’s
account if we have that authority.
ITEM 17 - VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
Proxy Voting
With the exception of ERISA-governed accounts, LCM does not generally accept or have the
authority to vote client securities. However, clients may call us if they have questions about a
particular solicitation. LCM will not be deemed to have proxy voting authority solely as a result of
providing advice or information about a particular proxy vote to a client. Clients will receive their
proxies or other solicitations directly from their custodian or a transfer agent. In cases where
LCM is responsible to vote proxies on securities held in a client’s account, LCM has adopted
policies and procedures in an effort to ensure that all votes are cast in the best interests of our
clients and that the proper documentation is maintained relating to how the proxies were voted.
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When LCM has accepted the authority to vote proxies on behalf of clients, the fundamental
guideline we follow is to make every effort to ensure that shares are voted in the best interest of
clients/beneficiaries and for the value of the investment. Absent special circumstances, it is our
policy to exercise proxy voting discretion according to written pre-determined Proxy Voting
Guidelines. LCM votes all holdings as a block. We rely upon the custodian to provide proxy
ballots with the appropriate number of shares to be voted. Clients cannot direct their vote in a
particular solicitation. Our proxy voting guidelines are applicable to the voting of mutual funds
and equity securities. Gideon Bernstein, Ray Robinson, and/or Patrick Maxwell (“Responsible
Voting Party”) have the responsibility for casting votes on proxies we receive. It is intended that
the Proxy Voting Guidelines will be applied with a measure of flexibility. Accordingly, the
Responsible Voting Party may vote a proxy contrary to the Proxy Voting Guidelines if it is
determined that such action is in the best interests of the clients/beneficiaries.
If the Responsible Voting Party becomes aware of any type of potential or actual conflict of
interest relating to a proxy proposal, he will promptly document the conflict and handle it in a
number of ways depending on the type and materiality. The method he selects will depend upon
the facts and circumstances of each situation and the requirements of applicable laws and will
always be handled in the client(s) best interest.
A complete copy of LCM’s current Proxy Voting Policies & Procedures is available upon
request. Clients may obtain information on how their proxies were voted by contacting us.
Clients should include in their request their name and the account and security for which they
are making the request.
Class Actions
LCM utilizes a third-party service provider to provide class action litigation monitoring and
securities claim filing services. For a contingency fee, the provider secures class action claims,
monitors each client’s claim, collects the applicable trade history, interprets the terms of each
settlement, files the appropriate claim form, interacts with the administrators, and distributes
awards on the client’s behalf. In order to perform the above services, LCM makes certain client
nonpublic information available to the service provider, including but not limited to beneficial
ownership and social security number. Clients have the option of opting out of the service.
ITEM 18 - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Registered investment advisers are required in this item to provide clients with certain financial
information or disclosures about the firm’s financial condition. LCM does not require the
prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six months or more in advance, and does
not foresee any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet
contractual commitments to clients.
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Form ADV, Part 2B Brochure
Supplement
Marr Leisure
Gideon Bernstein, CFA
Raymond Robinson, CFA
Patrick Maxwell, CFA, CAIA
Avery Wenck, CFP®
Eric Shute
Leisure Capital Management, Inc.
650 Town Center Dr., Suite 880
Costa Mesa, CA, 92626-1989
714-384-4050
April 16, 2025
This brochure supplement provides information about Marr Leisure, Gideon Bernstein,
Raymond Robinson, Patrick Maxwell, Avery Wenck, and Eric Shute that supplements the
Leisure Capital Management, Inc. brochure. You should have already received a copy of that
brochure. Please contact Sandra Dick at (714) 384-4050 or sandra@leisurecapital.com if you
did not receive our brochure or if you have any questions about the contents of this supplement.
Additional information about Marr Leisure, Gideon Bernstein, Raymond Robinson, Patrick
Maxwell, Avery Wenck, and Eric Shute is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
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Description of Professional Designations Used in this Brochure
Supplement*
1 Chartered Financial Analyst®
The Chartered Financial Analyst® (CFA®) charter is a globally respected, graduate-level
investment credential established in 1962 and awarded by CFA Institute — the largest global
association of investment professionals. There are currently more than 90,000 CFA
charterholders working in 134 countries. To earn the CFA charter, candidates must: 1) pass
three sequential, six-hour examinations; 2) have at least four years of qualified professional
investment experience; 3) join CFA Institute as members; and 4) commit to abide by, and
annually reaffirm, their adherence to the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of
Professional Conduct.
High Ethical Standards
The CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct, enforced through an
active professional conduct program, require CFA charterholders to:
• Place their clients’ interests ahead of their own
• Maintain independence and objectivity
• Act with integrity
• Maintain and improve their professional competence
• Disclose conflicts of interest and legal matters
Global Recognition
Passing the three CFA exams is a difficult feat that requires extensive study (successful
candidates report spending an average of 300 hours of study per level). Earning the CFA
charter demonstrates mastery of many of the advanced skills needed for investment analysis
and decision making in today’s quickly evolving global financial industry. As a result, employers
and clients are increasingly seeking CFA charterholders—often making the charter a
prerequisite for employment. Additionally, regulatory bodies in 22 countries and territories
recognize the CFA charter as a proxy for meeting certain licensing requirements, and more than
125 colleges and universities around the world have incorporated a majority of the CFA
Program curriculum into their own finance courses.
Comprehensive and Current Knowledge
The CFA Program curriculum provides a comprehensive framework of knowledge for
investment decision making and is firmly grounded in the knowledge and skills used every day
in the investment profession. The three levels of the CFA Program test a proficiency with a wide
range of fundamental and advanced investment topics, including ethical and professional
standards, fixed-income and equity analysis, alternative and derivative investments, economics,
financial reporting standards, portfolio management, and wealth planning.
The CFA Program curriculum is updated every year by experts from around the world to ensure
that candidates learn the most relevant and practical new tools, ideas, and investment and
wealth management skills to reflect the dynamic and complex nature of the profession.
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To learn more about the CFA charter, visit www.cfainstitute.org.
2 Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst
The Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst (CAIA) charter is an internationally recognized
credential. It is granted when candidates: 1) pass two sequential, four-hour examinations; 2)
have at least four years of qualified professional investment experience; 3) join the CAIA
Association as a member; and 4) commit to abide by, and annually reaffirm, their adherence to
the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct. Earning the CAIA
Charter is the gateway to becoming a member of the CAIA Association, a global network of
7,700 alternative investment leaders located in 80+ countries, who have demonstrated a deep
and thorough understanding of alternative investing.
High Ethical Standards
The CAIA Association borrows its code of ethics from the CFA Institute, and requires members
to adhere to the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct. Enforced
through an active professional conduct program, these standards require CAIA charterholders
to:
• Place their clients’ interests ahead of their own
• Maintain independence and objectivity
• Act with integrity
• Maintain and improve their professional competence
• Disclose conflicts of interest and legal matters
Global Recognition
Passing the three CAIA exams is a difficult feat that requires extensive study (successful
candidates report spending an average of 200 hours of study per level). Earning the CAIA
charter demonstrates mastery of many of the advanced skills needed for alternative investment
analysis and decision making in today’s quickly evolving global financial industry.
The CAIA Association curriculum is updated every year by experts from around the world to
ensure that candidates learn the most relevant and practical new tools, ideas, and alternative
investment and wealth management skills to reflect the dynamic and complex nature of the
profession.
To learn more about the CAIA charter, visit www.caia.org.
3 Chartered SRI Counselor
The Chartered SRI CounselorSM, or CSRIC® program, is a designation program for financial
professionals. This program provides experienced financial advisors and investment
professionals with a foundational knowledge of the history, definitions, trends, portfolio
construction principles, fiduciary responsibilities, and best practices for sustainable, responsible,
and impact (SRI) investments.
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Students have 120 days from the date they are provided online access to complete the
program, including testing and passing the final exam with a score of 70% or higher. The final
exam for the CSRIC® program contains 70 questions. Students have an allotted time of 3 hours
to take the final exam and a maximum of two attempts to pass the final exam. Students should
expect to spend approximately 135 hours in course-related activities in order to study and
prepare adequately for the course examination. This total may vary depending upon your
current level of mastery with regard to the subject matter, the learning objectives, and how
quickly you learn new material.
After a student successfully completes the academic requirements of the professional
designation program, students must apply for authorization to use the certification marks in
accordance with the designation requirements. Continued use of the certification marks is
subject to compliance with the ongoing renewal requirements of completing 16 hours of
continuing education every two years.
4 Chartered Adviser in Philanthropy
The Chartered Adviser in Philanthropy® (CAP®) designation, administered through The
American College of Financial Services, demonstrates that the charterholder has the knowledge
and tools to help clients articulate and advance their highest aspirations for self, family and
society. The designation provides fundraisers and advisors with a common body of knowledge
and a shared credential, enabling them to collaborate effectively with clients on legacy planning.
The cross-disciplinary curriculum spans and synthesizes the arts and sciences of philanthropic
planning, including taxation, finance, fundraising, purposeful planning, family dynamics,
psychology, and strategic philanthropy. With the CAP® designation, the charterholder will be
able to integrate charitable planning with the donor or client’s overall estate and business plan
and help them achieve a positive impact for themselves, heirs and their community, as a trusted
advisor and partner.
The CAP® program consists of graduate-level courses which can be used for credit toward a
Master of Science in Financial Services degree. The CAP® program is designed for self-study,
leading to an objective exam in a local exam center. There are no prerequisites courses
required before beginning the program, but three years of full-time, relevant business
experience are required to use the designation. To achieve the designation, the candidate must:
(1) successfully complete three required courses, and (2) agree to comply with the American
College Code of Ethics and Procedures. Participation in the annual Professional Recertification
Program (PRP) is required to maintain the designation and includes completing 30 credit hours
of continuing education every two years and recommitting to the College’s Code of Ethics.
5 Certified Financial Planner
The CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™, CFP® are professional certification marks granted in
the United States by Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc. (“CFP® Board”). The
CFP® certification is voluntary. No federal or state law or regulation requires financial planners
to hold the CFP® certification. You may find more information about the CFP® certification at
www.CFP.net.
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CFP® professionals have met CFP Board’s high standards for education, examination,
experience, and ethics. To become a CFP® professional, an individual must fulfill the following
requirements:
• Education – Earn a bachelor’s degree or higher from an accredited college or university
and complete CFP Board-approved coursework at a college or university through a CFP
Board Registered Program. The coursework covers the financial planning subject areas
CFP Board has determined are necessary for the competent and professional delivery of
financial planning services, as well as a comprehensive financial plan development
capstone course. A candidate may satisfy some of the coursework requirement through
other qualifying credentials. CFP Board implemented the bachelor’s degree or higher
requirement in 2007 and the financial planning development capstone course
requirement in March 2012. Therefore, a CFP® professional who first became certified
before those dates may not have earned a bachelor’s or higher degree or completed a
financial planning development capstone course.
• Examination – Pass the comprehensive CFP® Certification Examination. The
examination is designed to assess an individual’s ability to integrate and apply a broad
base of financial planning knowledge in the context of real-life financial planning
situations.
• Experience – Complete 6,000 hours of professional experience related to the personal
financial planning process, or 4,000 hours of apprenticeship experience that meets
additional requirements.
• Ethics – Satisfy the Fitness Standards for Candidates for CFP® Certification and Former
CFP® Professionals Seeking Reinstatement and agree to be bound by CFP Board’s
Code of Ethics and Standards of Conduct (“Code and Standards”), which sets forth the
ethical and practice standards for CFP® professionals.
Individuals who become certified must complete the following ongoing education and ethics
requirements to remain certified and maintain the right to continue to use the CFP Board
Certification Marks:
• Ethics – Commit to complying with CFP Board’s Code and Standards. This includes a
commitment to CFP Board, as part of the certification, to act as a fiduciary, and
therefore, act in the best interests of the client, at all times when providing financial
advice and financial planning. CFP Board may sanction a CFP® professional who does
not abide by this commitment, but CFP Board does not guarantee a CFP® professional's
services. A client who seeks a similar commitment should obtain a written engagement
that includes a fiduciary obligation to the client.
• Continuing Education – Complete 30 hours of continuing education every two years to
maintain competence, demonstrate specified levels of knowledge, skills, and abilities,
and keep up with developments in financial planning. Two of the hours must address the
Code and Standards.
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Marr Leisure
ITEM 2 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND AND BUSINESS
EXPERIENCE
Marr Leisure, President, Chief Compliance Officer, and Chief Investment Officer, b. 1954
Education:
1980 MBA, Finance, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
1976 BA, Political Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
1972 - 1974 Attended Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO
Business Background:
2002 - Present, President, Chief Investment Officer, Leisure Capital Management, Inc., Costa
Mesa, CA
1993 - 2002 Officer, The Keller Group Investment Management, Inc., Irvine, CA
ITEM 3 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
Marr Leisure has no disciplinary history to disclose.
ITEM 4 - OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
Marr Leisure’s only business is providing investment advice through LCM.
ITEM 5 - ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION
Marr leisure’s only compensation comes from his regular salary and ownership of LCM.
ITEM 6 - SUPERVISION
Marr Leisure is the President, Chief Compliance Officer, and Chief Investment Officer of LCM
and supervises all employees.
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Gideon Bernstein
ITEM 2 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND AND BUSINESS
EXPERIENCE
Gideon Bernstein, Portfolio Manager, Director of Research, Secretary, Board of Directors, b.
1970
Education:
1992 BA, Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA
1996, Chartered Financial Analyst1
2021, Chartered Adviser in Philanthropy4
Business Background:
2011 - Present, Secretary, Board of Directors, Leisure Capital Management, Inc., Costa Mesa,
CA
2002 - Present, Portfolio Manager, Director of Research, Leisure Capital Management, Inc.,
Costa Mesa, CA
2000 - 2002 Senior Portfolio Manager, The Keller Group, Inc., Irvine, CA
1996 - 2000 Portfolio Manager, Concord Investment Counsel, Inc., Irvine, CA
Professional Designations
Gideon Bernstein holds the following professional designation:
• Chartered Financial Analyst1
• Chartered Adviser in Philanthropy4
ITEM 3 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
Gideon Bernstein has no disciplinary history to disclose.
ITEM 4 - OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
Gideon Bernstein’s only business is providing investment advice through LCM.
ITEM 5 - ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION
Gideon Bernstein’s only compensation comes from his regular salary and ownership of LCM.
ITEM 6 - SUPERVISION
Marr Leisure, President, Chief Compliance Officer, and Chief Investment Officer, is responsible
for supervising Gideon Bernstein’s activities. Marr Leisure monitors the advice provided by
Gideon Bernstein for consistency with client objectives and LCM’s policies. Marr Leisure can be
reached by calling 714-384-4050.
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Raymond Robinson
ITEM 2 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND AND BUSINESS
EXPERIENCE
Raymond Robinson, Portfolio Manager, Treasurer, Board of Directors, b. 1968
Education:
1993 BS, Finance, California State University, Long Beach, CA
2006, Chartered Financial Analyst1
Business Background:
2011 - Present, Treasurer, Board of Directors, Leisure Capital Management, Inc., Costa Mesa,
CA
2002 - Present, Portfolio Manager, Leisure Capital Management, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA
1999 - 2002 Associate Portfolio Manager, The Keller Group, Inc., Irvine, CA
1994 - 1999 Analyst, Operations Manager, Concord Investment Counsel, Inc., Irvine, CA
Professional Designations
Raymond Robinson holds the following professional designation:
• Chartered Financial Analyst1
ITEM 3 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
Raymond Robinson has no disciplinary history to disclose.
ITEM 4 - OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
Raymond Robinson’s only business is providing investment advice through LCM.
ITEM 5 - ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION
Raymond Robinson’s only compensation comes from his regular salary and ownership of LCM.
ITEM 6 - SUPERVISION
Marr Leisure, President, Chief Compliance Officer, and Chief Investment Officer, is responsible
for supervising Raymond Robinson’s activities. Marr Leisure monitors the advice provided by
Raymond Robinson for consistency with client objectives and LCM’s policies. Marr Leisure can
be reached by calling 714-384-4050.
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Patrick Maxwell
ITEM 2 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND AND BUSINESS
EXPERIENCE
Patrick Maxwell, Senior Investment Officer, Board of Directors, b. 1985
Education:
2003-2006, Fullerton College, Fullerton, CA
2007, BA, Business Economics with emphasis in Accounting, University of California, Santa
Barbara, CA
2014, Chartered Financial Analyst1
2015, Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst 2
2021, Chartered SRI Counselor3
Business Background:
2018-Present, Senior Investment Officer, Leisure Capital Management, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA
2014-2018, Senior Analyst, Leisure Capital Management, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA
2008-2014, Analyst, Leisure Capital Management, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA
2007-2008, Intern, Leisure Capital Management, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA
Professional Designations
Patrick Maxwell holds the following professional designations:
• Chartered Financial Analyst1
• Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst 2
• Chartered SRI Counselor3
ITEM 3 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
Patrick Maxwell has no disciplinary history to disclose.
ITEM 4 - OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
Patrick Maxwell’s only business is providing investment advice through LCM.
ITEM 5 - ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION
Patrick Maxwell’s only compensation comes from his regular salary and ownership of LCM.
ITEM 6 - SUPERVISION
Marr Leisure, President, Chief Compliance Officer, and Chief Investment Officer, is responsible
for supervising Patrick Maxwell’s activities. Marr Leisure monitors the advice provided by Patrick
Maxwell for consistency with client objectives and LCM’s policies. Marr Leisure can be reached
by calling 714-384-4050.
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Avery Wenck
ITEM 2 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND AND BUSINESS
EXPERIENCE
Avery Wenck, Investment Advisor, b. 1993
Education:
2017, BS, Communications, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE
2023, Certified Financial PlannerTM 5
Business Background:
2022 – Present, Investment Advisor, Leisure Capital Management, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA
2019 – 2022, Analyst, Leisure Capital Management, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA
2018 – 2019, Client Associate, Mercer Global Advisors Inc., Newport Beach, CA
2017 – 2018, Client Administrator, Mercer Global Advisors Inc., Omaha, NE
Professional Designations
Avery Wenck holds the following professional designations:
• Certified Financial PlannerTM 5
ITEM 3 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
Avery Wenck has no disciplinary history to disclose.
ITEM 4 - OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
Avery Wenck’s only business is providing investment advice through LCM.
ITEM 5 - ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION
Avery Wenck’s only compensation comes from his regular salary.
ITEM 6 - SUPERVISION
Marr Leisure, President, Chief Compliance Officer, and Chief Investment Officer, is responsible
for supervising Avery Wenck’s activities. Marr Leisure monitors the advice provided by Avery
Wenck for consistency with client objectives and Leisure Capital Management, Inc.’s policies.
Marr Leisure can be reached by calling 714-384-4050.
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Eric Shute
ITEM 2 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND AND BUSINESS
EXPERIENCE
Eric Shute, Financial Advisor & Investment Analyst, b. 1988
Education:
2010, BA, Finance, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX
2013, MS, Accounting, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX
Business Background:
2023 – Present, Financial Advisor & Investment Analyst, Leisure Capital Management, Inc.,
Costa Mesa, CA
2021 – 2023, Senior Wealth Strategy Associate, UBS Private Wealth Management, Newport
Beach, CA
2020 – 2021, Senior Wealth Strategy Associate, UBS Private Wealth Management, Century
City, CA
2013 – 2019, Senior Wealth Strategy Associate, UBS Private Wealth Management, Dallas, TX
ITEM 3 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
Eric Shute has no disciplinary history to disclose.
ITEM 4 - OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
Eric Shute’s only business is providing investment advice through LCM.
ITEM 5 - ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION
Eric Shute’s only compensation comes from his regular salary.
ITEM 6 - SUPERVISION
Marr Leisure, President, Chief Compliance Officer, and Chief Investment Officer, is responsible
for supervising Eric Shute’s activities. Marr Leisure monitors the advice provided by Eric Shute
for consistency with client objectives and Leisure Capital Management, Inc.’s policies. Marr
Leisure can be reached by calling 714-384-4050.
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Rev. December 2010
PRIVACY INFORMATION
DO WITH YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION?
FACTS WHAT DOES LEISURE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
Why?
Financial companies choose how they share your personal information. Federal
law gives consumers the right to limit some but not all sharing. Federal law also
requires us to tell you how we collect, share, and protect your personal
information. Please read this notice carefully to understand what we do.
What?
The types of personal information we collect and share depend on the product or
service you have with us. This information can include:
• Social Security number and income
• account balances and transaction history
• assets and risk tolerance
When you are no longer our customer, we continue to share your information as
described in this notice.
How?
All financial companies need to share customers’ personal information to run their
everyday business. In the section below, we list the reasons financial companies
can share their customers’ personal information; the reasons Leisure Capital
Management, Inc. chooses to share; and whether you can limit this sharing.
Reasons we can share your personal
information
Can you limit
this sharing?
Does Leisure
Capital
Management,
Inc. share?
YES
NO
For our everyday business purposes -
as permitted by law
NO
We Don’t Share
For our marketing purposes - to offer our products and
services to you
For joint marketing with other financial companies
NO
We Don’t Share
NO
We Don’t Share
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes -
information about your transactions and experiences
NO
We Don’t Share
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes -
information about your creditworthiness
For nonaffiliates to market to you
NO
We Don’t Share
Questions? Call (714) 384-4050 or go to http://www.leisurecapital.com
Page 2
WHO WE ARE
Who is providing this notice?
Leisure Capital Management, Inc.
WHAT WE DO
How does Leisure Capital
Management, Inc. protect my
personal information?
To protect your personal information from unauthorized access and
use, we use security measures that comply with federal law. These
measures include computer safeguards and secured files and
buildings.
We collect your personal information, for example, when you
How does Leisure Capital
Management, Inc. collect my
personal information?
tell us about your investment or retirement portfolio
tell us about your investment or retirement earnings
•
seek advice about your investments
• enter into an investment advisory contract
•
•
• give us your contact information
We also collect your personal information from other companies.
Federal law gives you the right to limit only:
Why can’t I limit all sharing?
•
sharing for affiliates’ everyday business purposes - information
about your creditworthiness
• affiliates from using your information to market to you
•
sharing for nonaffiliates to market to you
State laws and individual companies may give you additional rights
to limit sharing.
DEFINITIONS
Affiliates
Companies related by common ownership or control. They can be
financial and nonfinancial companies.
• Leisure Capital Management, Inc. has no affiliates
Nonaffiliates
Companies not related by common ownership or control. They can
be financial and non-financial companies.
• Leisure Capital Management, Inc. does not share with
nonaffiliates so they can market to you
Joint Marketing
A formal agreement between nonaffiliated financial companies that
together market financial products or services to you.
• Leisure Capital Management, Inc. does not jointly market