Overview
Assets Under Management: $159 million
Headquarters: BEVERLY HILLS, CA
High-Net-Worth Clients: 61
Average Client Assets: $2 million
Services Offered
Services: Portfolio Management for Individuals
Fee Structure
Primary Fee Schedule (LCM ADV PART 2A & 2B BROCHURES)
| Min | Max | Marginal Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $0 | $500,000 | 1.50% |
| $500,001 | $2,000,000 | 1.00% |
| $2,000,001 | and above | 0.75% |
Illustrative Fee Rates
| Total Assets | Annual Fees | Average Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $1 million | $12,500 | 1.25% |
| $5 million | $45,000 | 0.90% |
| $10 million | $82,500 | 0.82% |
| $50 million | $382,500 | 0.76% |
| $100 million | $757,500 | 0.76% |
Clients
Number of High-Net-Worth Clients: 61
Percentage of Firm Assets Belonging to High-Net-Worth Clients: 93.45
Average High-Net-Worth Client Assets: $2 million
Total Client Accounts: 206
Discretionary Accounts: 206
Regulatory Filings
CRD Number: 133619
Last Filing Date: 2025-02-27 00:00:00
Website: https://lewiscm.com
Form ADV Documents
Primary Brochure: LCM ADV PART 2A & 2B BROCHURES (2025-06-09)
View Document Text
ITEM 1 - COVER PAGE
9454 Wilshire Blvd, Suite M-1
Beverly Hills, CA 90212
Phone: (310) 276-1262
Fax: (310) 276-1283
scott@lewiscm.com
www.lewiscm.com
Form ADV, Part 2A Brochure
June 9, 2025
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Lewis Capital
Management, LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact
Scott Lewis at (310) 276-1262 or at scott@lewiscm.com. The information in this brochure has not
been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any
state securities authority.
Additional information about Lewis Capital Management, LLC also is available on the SEC’s
website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Lewis Capital Management, LLC is a Registered Investment
Adviser. Registration with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or any state
securities authority does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
ITEM 2 - MATERIAL CHANGES
The purpose of this page is to inform you of any material changes to this brochure. If you are
receiving this brochure for the first time this section may not be relevant to you.
Lewis Capital Management, LLC (“LCM”) reviews and updates our brochure at least annually to
confirm that it remains current. LCM has not made any material changes since the previous
annual update to our brochure, dated February 27, 2025.
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ITEM 3 - TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM 1 - COVER PAGE ..........................................................................................................................1
ITEM 2 - MATERIAL CHANGES ..............................................................................................................2
ITEM 3 - TABLE OF CONTENTS ..............................................................................................................3
ITEM 4 - ADVISORY BUSINESS ..............................................................................................................6
Description of Advisory Firm ...................................................................................................................... 6
Fiduciary Duty ............................................................................................................................................ 6
Duty of Care ........................................................................................................................................... 6
Duty of Loyalty ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Advisory Services Offered .......................................................................................................................... 7
Investment Management Services ........................................................................................................ 7
Limitations on Investments ................................................................................................................... 8
Unmanaged Assets ................................................................................................................................ 8
Tailored Services and Client Imposed Restrictions .................................................................................... 9
Wrap Fee Program ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Assets Under Management ........................................................................................................................ 9
ITEM 5 - FEES AND COMPENSATION .....................................................................................................9
Fee Schedule .............................................................................................................................................. 9
Investment Management Services ........................................................................................................ 9
Billing Method .......................................................................................................................................... 10
Other Fees and Expenses ......................................................................................................................... 10
Termination .............................................................................................................................................. 10
ITEM 6 - PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT ............................................ 11
ITEM 7 - TYPES OF CLIENTS................................................................................................................. 11
ITEM 8 - METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS .................................. 11
Investment Strategies .............................................................................................................................. 11
Asset Allocation – Stocks, Bonds and Cash .......................................................................................... 12
Investing Involves Risk.............................................................................................................................. 13
Specific Security Risks............................................................................................................................... 13
General Risks of Owning Securities ..................................................................................................... 13
Equity Securities ................................................................................................................................... 13
Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) ............................................................................................................ 15
Mutual Funds (Open-end Investment Company) ................................................................................ 15
Different Types of Funds ...................................................................................................................... 16
Debt Securities (Bonds) ........................................................................................................................ 17
High-Yield Debt .................................................................................................................................... 18
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Municipal Bonds .................................................................................................................................. 19
Obligations Backed by the "Full Faith and Credit" of the U.S. Government ........................................ 19
U.S. Treasury Securities ....................................................................................................................... 19
Cash and Cash Equivalents................................................................................................................... 20
Other Risks ............................................................................................................................................... 20
Cybersecurity ....................................................................................................................................... 20
Pandemics and Other Public Health Crises .......................................................................................... 21
ITEM 9 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION ............................................................................................... 21
ITEM 10 - OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS ............................................... 21
ITEM 11 - CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL
TRADING ........................................................................................................................................... 21
Summary of LCM Code of Ethics .............................................................................................................. 21
Section I. Compliance with Laws and Regulations ............................................................................... 21
Section II. Conflicts of Interest ............................................................................................................. 21
Section III. Insider Trading ................................................................................................................... 22
Section IV. Personal Securities Transactions ....................................................................................... 22
Section V. Gifts and Entertainment ..................................................................................................... 22
Section VI. Confidentiality .................................................................................................................... 22
Section VII. Marketing and Promotional Activities .............................................................................. 22
Personal Trading ....................................................................................................................................... 22
ITEM 12 - BROKERAGE PRACTICES ...................................................................................................... 23
The Custodian and Brokers We Use ......................................................................................................... 23
How We Select Brokers/Custodians .................................................................................................... 23
Your Brokerage and Custody Costs ...................................................................................................... 23
Products and Services Available to Us From Schwab .......................................................................... 24
Services That Benefit You .................................................................................................................... 24
Services That May Not Directly Benefit You ........................................................................................ 24
Services That Generally Benefit Only Us .............................................................................................. 24
Our Interest in Schwab's Services ........................................................................................................ 25
Trade Away or Prime Brokerage Trades .................................................................................................. 25
Best Execution...................................................................................................................................... 25
Research and Soft Dollar Practices ...................................................................................................... 26
Directed Brokerage .................................................................................................................................. 27
Trade Aggregation and Block Trades ....................................................................................................... 27
ITEM 13 - REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS ....................................................................................................... 28
Account Reviews ...................................................................................................................................... 28
Reports ..................................................................................................................................................... 28
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ITEM 14 - CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION ................................................................ 29
Solicitors ................................................................................................................................................... 29
Schwab Support Products and Services ................................................................................................... 29
Outside Compensation ............................................................................................................................. 29
ITEM 15 - CUSTODY ........................................................................................................................... 29
ITEM 16 - INVESTMENT DISCRETION .................................................................................................. 30
ITEM 17 - VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES ................................................................................................ 30
Proxy Voting ............................................................................................................................................. 30
How We Vote Proxies .......................................................................................................................... 31
Conflicts ............................................................................................................................................... 31
Class Actions ............................................................................................................................................. 31
ITEM 18 - FINANCIAL INFORMATION .................................................................................................. 31
Form ADV, Part 2B Brochure Supplement ................................................................................... i
ITEM 1 - COVER PAGE .................................................................................................................................. i
Scott Lewis .......................................................................................................................................... ii
ITEM 2 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND AND BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ........................................................ ii
Professional Designations ...................................................................................................................... ii
ITEM 3 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION ...................................................................................................... ii
ITEM 4 - OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES ....................................................................................................... ii
ITEM 5 - ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION .................................................................................................... iii
ITEM 6 - SUPERVISION ............................................................................................................................... iii
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ITEM 4 - ADVISORY BUSINESS
Description of Advisory Firm
Lewis Capital Management, LLC (“LCM,” “we,” “our,” or “us”) was licensed as an investment
adviser firm on July 20, 2000. Scott Craig Lewis, JD, CFA is the sole owner and Chief
Compliance Officer. The firm is not publicly owned or traded and there are no indirect owners of
the firm or intermediaries with any ownership interests.
Fiduciary Duty
Registered investment advisers are considered fiduciaries under federal law. Our fiduciary duty
carries with it an obligation to act in the best interest of our clients pursuant to a relationship of
trust and confidence. It encompasses a duty of care and a duty of loyalty.
Duty of Care
The duty of care includes, among other things:
1. the duty to provide advice that is in the best interest of the client;
2. the duty to seek best execution of a client’s transactions where the adviser has the
responsibility to select broker-dealers to execute client trades; and
3. the duty to provide advice and monitoring over the course of the relationship.
The duty to provide advice suitable to each client based on a reasonable understanding of the
client’s objectives is a critical component of the duty of care. Providing suitable advice includes
making a reasonable inquiry into the client’s financial situation, investment experience, and
financial goals and then updating this information as necessary throughout the course of the
relationship to reflect the client’s changing objectives over time and adjusting the advice we
provide to reflect any changed circumstances.
When LCM has the responsibility to select broker-dealers to execute client trades in discretionary
accounts, we seek to trade such that the client’s total cost or proceeds in each transaction are the
most favorable under the circumstances. In doing so, we consider the full range and quality of a
broker’s services and so the determinative factor is not necessarily the lowest possible
commission cost but whether the transaction represents the best qualitative execution. Moreover,
we periodically and systematically evaluate the execution we receive on behalf of our clients.
Our duty of care includes an obligation to provide advice and monitoring at a frequency that is in
the best interest of the client, taking into account the scope of the agreed relationship. This scope
is indicated by the duration and nature of the services as outlined in each client’s advisory
arrangement and extends to all personalized advice provided to clients.
Duty of Loyalty
LCM adheres to a duty of loyalty where we seek to serve the best interests of our clients and
never subordinate the interests of our clients to our own. Simply put, LCM cannot place its own
interests ahead of the interests of our clients. In observance of this duty, we must make full and
fair disclosure to clients of all material facts relating to the advisory relationship. Further, we also
seek to eliminate or at least expose through full and fair disclosure all conflicts of interest which
might incline LCM, consciously or unconsciously, to render advice that is not disinterested. We
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believe that in order for disclosure to be full and fair, it should be sufficiently specific so that each
client is able to understand the material fact or conflict of interest and make an informed decision
whether to provide consent. Consequently, we provide this ADV 2A brochure to all prospective
clients at or before entering into a contract so that they can use the information within to decide
whether or not to enter into an advisory relationship.
Advisory Services Offered
LCM offers the following services to advisory clients:
Investment Management Services
LCM provides continuous and personal investment advice and manages clients’ portfolios on a
discretionary basis. Investment advice is tailored to each client based on the individual client’s
financial objectives, risk tolerances, and personal circumstances. Such investment advisory
services are the only services offered by LCM.
The advisory relationship is initiated with a series of consultation meetings or phone calls
between Scott Lewis and the client wherein they discuss the client’s overall financial situation.
Topics include a specific client’s investment objectives, risk tolerance, planning horizon, asset-
class preferences, and LCM investment strategies. LCM then tailors an investment policy relying
on client-supplied data. Once these initial sessions are completed, LCM presents verbally and/or
in writing the investment plan designed specifically for the client’s managed portfolio. Clients are
provided with assistance in obtaining and completing the required paperwork to establish the
necessary investment accounts.
LCM will primarily utilize the following investment types when making investment purchases in
client accounts:
1. Individually researched and selected common stocks
2. Securities with equity and debt characteristics including preferred stocks and convertible
bonds
3. Fixed income securities such as corporate bonds, treasuries, agency bonds, bank
certificates and/or municipal securities
4. Exchange traded funds (ETFs)
5. Money market funds and cash sweeps
LCM may also occasionally utilize additional types of investments if they are appropriate to
address the individual needs, goals, and objectives of the client or in response to client inquiry.
We may offer investment advice on any investment held by the client at the start of the advisory
relationship. Asset-allocation decisions are based predominantly on the client’s financial situation
and risk tolerance, as well as on the current asset class attractiveness. In addition, LCM evaluates
and manages for tax implications specific to the client. Money market funds and/or cash sweeps
will also be held in the portfolio for client liquidity needs or while awaiting investment
opportunities.
LCM generally applies a “value” focus in selecting equities and does not attempt to engage in
market timing. Stock investments are typically held for longer periods, and bonds are typically
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held to maturity. Portfolio turnover is low. Following is a summary of key investment
philosophies and practices of LCM.
LCM is value driven, investing in companies that we believe are trading significantly below their
underlying value (undervalued), and over time can potentially appreciate to reflect their legitimate
worth. LCM uses quantitative computer screens, proprietary financial models, and qualitative
judgments to locate undervalued stocks that it believes have potential for long-term appreciation.
LCM believes that diligent research is fundamental to prudent investment decisions. We look at
each stock as if we are buying the company, not just a tradable security. LCM believes that by
concentrating on our best 10 to 25 stock ideas, investment results can potentially be improved
compared to spreading our research efforts over too wide a base.
Asset allocation is an ongoing process based on open and consistent dialogue between the client
and LCM. Proper asset allocation should reflect the client’s investment time horizon, risk
tolerance, return expectations and income requirements.
We believe that patient trading and low commissions can potentially help investment returns.
LCM does not generally attempt to predict short and intermediate term moves of the market.
Limitations on Investments
In some circumstances, LCM’s advice may be limited to certain types of securities.
Limitation by Plan Sponsor/Employer
In the event LCM is managing assets within a retirement plan such as 401(k), 403(b), or other
employer plan, LCM is limited to those investment providers and investment options chosen by
the plan administrator. Similarly, when we provide services to participants in an employer-
sponsored plan, the participant may be limited to investing in securities included in the plan’s
investment options. Therefore, LCM can only make recommendations to the client from among
the available options and will not recommend or invest the client’s account in other securities,
even if there may be more suitable options elsewhere.
Limitation by Client
LCM may also limit advice based on certain client-imposed restrictions. For more information
about the restrictions clients can put on their accounts, see Tailored Services and Client Imposed
Restrictions in this Item below.
Other Services and Limitations
LCM does not provide tax or legal advice. It is the client’s responsibility to consult with tax
advisors as needed.
Unmanaged Assets
At its discretion, LCM may offer securities trading activities for a client’s unmanaged assets
within their account, acting as an intermediary between the client and the custodian. We do not
generally provide investment advice regarding a client’s unmanaged assets or provide opinions as
to the merits of any unmanaged securities. We also do not make any judgments as to the
appropriateness of assumed risk or suitability of any unmanaged investment given the client’s
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situation. At our discretion, LCM offers this service in consideration of the client’s other accounts
that we manage.
Tailored Services and Client Imposed Restrictions
LCM manages client accounts based on the investment strategy the client chooses, as discussed
below under Item 8 - Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss. LCM
applies the strategy for each client, based on the client’s individual circumstances and financial
situation. We make investment decisions for clients based on information the client supplies about
their financial situation, goals, and risk tolerance. Our recommendations/investment selections
may not be suitable if the client does not provide us with accurate and complete information. It is
the client’s responsibility to keep LCM informed of any changes to their investment objectives or
restrictions.
Clients may also request other restrictions on the account, such as when a client needs to keep a
minimum level of cash in the account or does not want LCM to buy or sell certain specific
securities or security types in the account. LCM reserves the right to not accept and/or terminate
management of a client’s account if we feel that the client-imposed restrictions would limit or
prevent us from meeting or maintaining the client’s investment strategy.
Wrap Fee Program
We do not manage accounts as part of a wrap or bundled fee program.
Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2024, LCM managed assets on a discretionary basis in the amount of
$159,393,056.
ITEM 5 - FEES AND COMPENSATION
Fee Schedule
Investment Management Services
Fees for our services are computed quarterly on the aggregate value of each portfolio, and payable
quarterly during the last month of each quarter (one month in advance and two months in arrears).
The annual fee schedule is as follows:
Assets Under Management
Up to $500,000
Next $1,500,000
$2,000,000+
Annual Fee
1.5%
1.0%
0.75%
At our discretion, LCM will negotiate fees which are lower than those set forth above. Some
accounts are under different fee schedules honoring prior agreements. LCM manages the accounts
of Scott Lewis and his relatives at a reduced fee or without charge. LCM aggregates related
account balances of clients within the same household for purposes of achieving the advisory fee
breakpoints listed above.
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Some individuals and institutions may wish to consult with LCM on an hourly basis. Fees for
such services will generally be $250 per hour. Under certain circumstances, the per hour fee may
be less than this amount. For example, lesser fees may be charged to non-profit organizations.
No initial fee is charged for consultative meetings at the onset of client account management.
LCM does not receive any compensation for the sale of securities or other investment products.
There will be no assignment of the advisory agreement without the client’s consent.
Billing Method
LCM’s advisory fees are payable quarterly at the beginning of the last month of each calendar
quarter. We charge one fourth of the annual fee each quarter based on the market value of the
client’s portfolio as of the last business day of the prior calendar quarter. The formula used for the
calculation is as follows: (Annual Rate) x (Total Assets Under Management at Quarter-End) / 4.
At our discretion, LCM credits advisory fees for large withdrawals made during the quarter.
With client authorization, LCM will instruct the custodian to automatically withdraw our advisory
fee from the client’s account. All clients will receive brokerage statements from the custodian no
less frequently than quarterly. The custodian statement will show the deduction of the advisory
fee.
Other Fees and Expenses
Clients incur trading commissions and trade-away fees charged by the account custodian. See
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices below.
LCM’s fees do not include custodian fees. Clients pay all brokerage commissions, bond broker
fees, stock transfer fees, margin charges, foreign exchange and settlement fees, and/or other
charges incurred in connection with transactions in accounts, from the assets in the account.
These charges are in addition to the fees client pays to LCM. See Item 12 - Brokerage Practices
below for more information.
If mutual fund shares are held in a client’s account, the client will be subject to deferred sales
charges, 12b-1 fees, early redemption fees, and other fund-related expenses. The fund’s
prospectus fully describes the fees and expenses. All fees paid to LCM for investment
management services are separate and distinct from the fees and expenses charged by mutual
funds. Mutual funds pay advisory fees to their managers, which are indirectly charged to all
holders of the mutual fund shares.
Termination
Either party may terminate the advisory agreement at any time. LCM will refund any prepaid,
unearned advisory fees based on the effective date of termination or death of any client, using the
following formula: (Fees Paid) x (Days Remaining in Quarter)/(Total Number of Days in
Quarter).
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ITEM 6 - PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT
LCM does not charge performance-based fees or employ side-by-side management practices.
ITEM 7 - TYPES OF CLIENTS
LCM provides services for individuals, trusts, estates, retirement plan accounts, corporations,
foundations, and estates.
The minimum portfolio size for ongoing management is $500,000, negotiable at Scott Lewis’
discretion, and we generally combine family accounts to meet the minimum. Clients are selected
based on their fit, risk-tolerances, and their alignment with the LCM investment philosophy.
ITEM 8 - METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF
LOSS
LCM manages equity investments primarily using individually selected common stocks, and
occasionally stock exchange traded funds (ETFs) and mutual funds. Analysis and selection of the
individual stocks is based on the cumulative investment experience and research of Scott Lewis
and is described in more detail below.
LCM manages bond investments using corporate, government, agency, bank certificates and/or
municipal securities, depending on what is most suitable to a client’s financial situation and what
issues are most attractively priced. Evaluation of individual bonds that are rated “BBB-” or higher
by a recognized ratings agency are generally selected based on such ratings, and on Scott Lewis’
general investment knowledge. For bonds rated lower than BBB-, a review of the issuing
corporation’s financial statements is undertaken. Occasionally bond ETFs or mutual funds are
purchased for clients.
LCM sometimes also uses hybrid securities which have attributes of both stocks and bonds. Such
securities include convertible bonds and preferred stocks.
For cash, we usually invest in the money market funds offered by the account custodian.
LCM recommends an initial allocation of assets (among stocks, bonds, cash, and other assets)
based on client objectives, investment planning horizon, risk tolerance and client preferences. If
there are significant changes in the client’s circumstances, or in the economic environment,
appropriate changes are made.
While LCM is concerned with timing and adjusting policies as the investment outlook changes,
LCM does not generally attempt to predict short and intermediate term moves of the market or
individual stocks.
Investment Strategies
LCM utilizes a value strategy, investing in companies that we believe are trading significantly
below their underlying value, and over time can potentially appreciate to reflect their legitimate
worth.
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Our primary strategy for finding such undervalued companies is to develop and run computer
screens which search a financial database of substantially all publicly traded domestic companies.
These screens identify stocks which have a combination of financial characteristics we believe
can indicate undervaluation of the shares.
LCM then gathers and evaluates information on the companies identified by the screening
software. This information primarily comes from the following sources:
• Company published information - annual & quarterly reports, 10K reports, prospectuses,
proxy statements, news releases and investor presentations;
• Zacks Investment Services Database and Reports – database compiled and maintained by
Zacks which includes current and historical data on over 8,000 publicly traded companies,
their business segments, geographical reach, competitors, and financial attributes.
• Research provided by brokerage firms - economic, industry, and company analysis;
• General information on business and finance as provided by: (a) daily newspapers, (b)
weekly newspapers, (c) periodicals, (d) professional journals, (e) industry journals, and (f)
investment websites;
• Presentation by company management before financial analysts and on earnings release
conference calls;
Industry trade shows and professional conferences; and
•
• Network of other investment managers.
Based on this information gathered about a company’s finances and business prospects, and
applying Scott Lewis’ investment judgment, LCM determines whether a stock appears to be
trading significantly below its underlying value and should be included in clients’ portfolios.
Asset Allocation – Stocks, Bonds and Cash
Asset allocation represents the balance between risk and potential return. LCM uses asset
allocation to create portfolios in alignment with a client’s individual objectives and
circumstances. There are generally two kinds of assets in a portfolio: higher-risk assets, mainly
comprising stocks, and lower-risk assets, mainly bonds and cash. Individual risky assets can
sustain losses, under extraordinary circumstances, of more than 50% (up to 100%), whereas
lower-risk assets should be expected to retain most of their nominal (i.e., unadjusted for inflation)
value. Even lower-risk bond assets can sustain significant losses.
LCM considers only the volatility of the overall portfolio in constructing its design; this is
determined primarily by the mix of higher-risk and lower-risk assets. Clients should carefully
consider how much of their portfolio they desire to allocate to equity securities, as investing in
equity securities entails significant risk of loss.
Equity Portfolio Characteristics
Portfolios are diversified among companies and industries, but no attempt is made to track any
stock indices. Typically LCM portfolios hold between 10 and 25 individual stocks. As the total
number of stocks held is relatively small compared to the broad market, stock selection can have a
significant positive or negative impact on the portfolio’s performance.
LCM has no market capitalization floor or ceiling for the companies purchased for client
portfolios. A client’s portfolio sometimes holds only small (including micro) capitalization
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companies, or a mix of small and large capitalization companies, or only large capitalization
companies, depending upon what companies LCM finds attractive for investment.
Smaller market capitalization companies are often less well capitalized than larger companies,
and their shares tend to be more volatile and less liquid than larger companies’ shares. Due to the
foregoing small cap equity risk factors, many investment managers will only invest a relatively
small portion of a client’s equity assets in smaller capitalization securities. At LCM, we believe
that the primary way to reduce a client’s risk is through asset allocation between stock (higher
risk) and bond (lower risk) investments. Accordingly, we address a client’s risk tolerance by
setting an appropriate overall equity to bond allocation, and do not attempt to limit the amount of
smaller capitalization equities within the stock portion of a portfolio.
In addition, client equity portfolios are sometimes quite concentrated during times when Lewis
can find only a limited number of attractive investments, which can increase volatility and risk of
loss.
Bond Portfolio Characteristics
LCM primarily invests in “investment grade” bonds, which are bonds rated BBB- or higher by
one or more recognized investment ratings agencies. LCM will also occasionally invest in bonds
rated lower than BBB- or that are unrated. We only invest in non-investment grade bonds if Scott
Lewis, upon a review of the issuer’s financial statements and other information, believes that the
additional yield offered by such securities adequately compensates for the additional risk.
Investing Involves Risk
Prior to entering into an agreement with LCM, the client should carefully consider:
1. That investing in securities involves risk of loss which clients should be prepared to bear;
2. That securities markets experience varying degrees of volatility;
3. That over time the client’s assets may fluctuate and at any time be worth more or less than
the amount invested; and
4. That clients should only commit assets that they feel are available for investment on a
long-term basis.
Specific Security Risks
General Risks of Owning Securities
The prices of securities held in client accounts and the income they generate may decline in
response to certain events taking place around the world. These include events directly involving
the issuers of securities in a client’s account, conditions affecting the general economy, and
overall market changes. Other contributing factors include local, regional, or global political,
social, or economic instability and governmental or governmental agency responses to economic
conditions. Finally, currency, interest rate, and commodity price fluctuations may also affect
security prices and income.
Equity Securities
Equity securities represent an ownership position in a company. Equity securities typically consist
of common stocks. The prices of stocks and the income they generate (such as dividends) may
fluctuate based on events specific to the company that issued the shares, conditions affecting the
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general economy and overall market changes, changes or weakness in the business sector the
company does business in, and other factors. Further, prices of these securities can be affected by
financial contracts held by the issuer or third parties (such as derivatives) relating to the security
or other assets or indices.
There may be little trading in the secondary market for particular equity securities, which may
adversely affect the ability to dispose of those equity securities. Adverse publicity and investor
perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and/or
liquidity of equity securities.
Small Capitalization Equity Securities
Investing in smaller companies may pose additional risks as it is often more difficult to dispose of
small company stocks, more difficult to obtain information about smaller companies, and the
prices of their stocks may be more volatile than stocks of larger, more established companies.
Clients should have a long-term perspective and, for example, be able to tolerate potentially sharp
declines in value.
Securities with Equity and Debt Characteristics
Some securities have a combination of equity and debt characteristics. These securities may at
times behave more like equity than debt or vice versa. Some types of preferred stocks or other
preferred securities automatically convert into common stocks or other securities at a stated
conversion ratio, and some may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a
predetermined price. These securities, prior to conversion, may pay a fixed rate of interest or a
dividend. Because convertible securities have both debt and equity characteristics, their values
vary in response to many factors, including the values of the securities into which they are
convertible, general market and economic conditions, and convertible market valuations, as well
as changes in interest rates, credit spreads and the credit quality of the issuer.
These securities may include hybrid securities, which also have equity and debt characteristics.
Such securities are normally at the bottom of an issuer's debt capital structure. As such, they may
be more sensitive to economic changes than more senior debt securities. Investors may also view
these securities as more equity-like by the market when the issuer or its parent company
experience financial problems.
The prices and yields of nonconvertible preferred securities or preferred stocks generally move
with changes in interest rates and the issuer's credit quality, similar to the factors affecting debt
securities. Nonconvertible preferred securities may be treated as debt for account investment limit
purposes.
Preferred Stocks
Preferred stock is a class of ownership in a corporation that has a higher claim on the assets and
earnings than common stock. Preferred stock generally has a dividend that must be paid out
before dividends to common stockholders. In addition, preferred shares usually do not have
voting rights. Each preferred offering is structured specific to the issuing corporation’s needs.
Preferred shareholders have priority over common stockholders on earnings and assets in the
event of liquidation and they have a fixed dividend (paid before common stockholders), but
investors must weigh these positives against the negatives, including giving up their voting rights
and less potential for appreciation.
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Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)
An ETF is a type of Investment Company (usually, an open-end fund or unit investment trust)
containing a basket of equity and/or fixed income investments. Typically, the objective of an ETF
is to achieve returns similar to a particular market index, including sector indexes. An ETF is
similar to an index fund in that it will primarily invest in securities of companies that are included
in a selected market. Unlike traditional mutual funds, which can only be redeemed at the end of a
trading day, ETFs trade throughout the day on an exchange. Like stock mutual funds, the prices of
the underlying securities and the overall market may affect ETF prices. Similarly, factors
affecting a particular industry segment may affect ETF prices that track that particular sector.
ETFs traditionally have been index funds, but in 2008, the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission began to authorize the creation of actively managed ETFs.
Mutual Funds (Open-end Investment Company)
A mutual fund is a company that pools money from many investors and invests the money in
stocks, bonds, short-term money-market instruments, other securities or assets, or some
combination of these investments. The portfolio of the fund consists of the combined holdings it
owns. Each share represents an investor’s proportionate ownership of the fund’s holdings and the
income those holdings generate. The price that investors pay for mutual fund shares is the fund’s
per share net asset value (NAV) plus any shareholder fees that the fund imposes at the time of
purchase (such as sales loads).
The benefits of investing through mutual funds include:
Professionally Managed
Mutual funds are professionally managed by investment advisers who research, select, and
monitor the performance of the securities the fund purchases.
Diversification
Mutual funds typically have the benefit of diversification, which is an investing strategy that
generally sums up as “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” Spreading investments across a
wide range of companies and industry sectors can help lower the risk if a company or sector fails.
Some investors find it easier to achieve diversification through ownership of mutual funds rather
than through ownership of individual stocks or bonds.
Affordability
Some mutual funds accommodate investors who do not have a lot of money to invest by setting
relatively low dollar amounts for initial purchases, subsequent monthly purchases, or both.
Liquidity
At any time, mutual fund investors can readily redeem their shares at the current NAV, less any
fees and charges assessed on redemption.
Mutual funds also have features that some investors might view as disadvantages:
Costs Despite Negative Returns
Investors must pay sales charges, annual fees, and other expenses regardless of how the fund
performs. Depending on the timing of their investment, investors often also have to pay taxes on
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any capital gains distribution they receive. This includes instances where the fund went on to
perform poorly after purchasing shares.
Lack of Control
Investors typically cannot ascertain the exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio at any given time, nor
can they directly influence which securities the fund manager buys and sells or the timing of those
trades.
Price Uncertainty
With an individual stock, investors can obtain real-time (or close to real-time) pricing information
with relative ease by checking financial websites or by calling a broker or your investment
adviser. Investors can also monitor how a stock’s price changes from hour to hour—or even
second to second. By contrast, with a mutual fund, the price at which an investor purchases or
redeems shares will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which the fund might not calculate until
many hours after the investor placed the order. In general, mutual funds must calculate their NAV
at least once every business day, typically after the major U.S. exchanges close.
Different Types of Funds
When it comes to investing in mutual funds, investors have literally thousands of choices. Most
mutual funds fall into one of three main categories; money market funds, bond funds (also called
“fixed income” funds), and stock funds (also called “equity” funds). Each type has different
features and different risks and rewards. Generally, the higher the potential return, the higher the
risk of loss.
Money Market Funds
Money market funds have relatively low risks, compared to other mutual funds (and most other
investments). By law, they can invest in only certain high quality, short-term investments issued
by the U.S. Government, U.S. corporations, and state and local governments. Money market
funds try to keep their net asset value (NAV), which represents the value of one share in a fund, at
a stable $1.00 per share. However, the NAV may fall below $1.00 if the fund’s investments
perform poorly. Investor losses have been rare, but they are possible. Money market funds pay
dividends that generally reflect short-term interest rates, and historically the returns for money
market funds have been lower than for either bond or stock funds. That is why “inflation risk,” the
risk that inflation will outpace and erode investment returns over time, can be a potential concern
for investors in money market funds.
Bond Funds
Bond funds generally have higher risks than money market funds, largely because they typically
pursue strategies aimed at producing higher yields. Unlike money market funds, the SEC’s rules
do not restrict bond funds to high quality or short-term investments. Because there are many
different types of bonds, bond funds can vary dramatically in their risks and rewards.
Some of the risks associated with bond funds include:
Credit Risk
There is a possibility that companies or other issuers will fail to pay their debts (including the debt
owed to holders of their bonds). Consequently, this affects mutual funds that hold these bonds.
Credit risk is less of a factor for bond funds that invest in insured bonds or U.S. Treasury Bonds.
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By contrast, those that invest in the bonds of companies with poor credit ratings generally will be
subject to higher risk.
Interest Rate Risk
There is a risk that the market value of the bonds will go down when interest rates go up. Because
of this, investors can lose money in any bond fund, including those that invest only in insured
bonds or U.S. Treasury Bonds. Funds that invest in longer-term bonds tend to have higher interest
rate risk.
Stock Funds
Although a stock fund’s value can rise and fall quickly (and dramatically) over the short term,
historically stocks have performed better over the long term than other types of investments. This
is true for corporate bonds, government bonds, and treasury securities. Overall “market risk”
poses the greatest potential danger for investors in stocks funds. Stock prices can fluctuate for a
broad range of reasons—such as the overall strength of the economy or demand for particular
products or services. Not all stock funds are the same.
Tax Consequences of Mutual Funds
When investors buy and hold an individual stock or bond, the investor must pay income tax each
year on the dividends or interest the investor receives. However, the investor will not have to pay
any capital gains tax until the investor actually sells and makes a profit. Mutual funds are
different. When an investor buys and holds mutual fund shares, the investor will owe income tax
on any ordinary dividends in the year the investor receives or reinvests them. Moreover, in
addition to owing taxes on any personal capital gains when the investor sells shares, the investor
often has to pay taxes each year on the fund’s capital gains. That is because the law requires
mutual funds to distribute capital gains to shareholders if they sell securities for a profit that
cannot be offset by a loss.
Debt Securities (Bonds)
Issuers use debt securities to borrow money. Generally, issuers pay investors periodic interest and
repay the amount borrowed either periodically during the life of the security and/or at maturity.
Alternatively, investors can purchase other debt securities, such as zero-coupon bonds, which do
not pay current interest, but rather are priced at a discount from their face values and their values
accrete over time to face value at maturity. The market prices of debt securities fluctuate
depending on such factors as interest rates, credit quality, and maturity. In general, market prices
of debt securities decline when interest rates rise and increase when interest rates fall. The longer
the time to a bond’s maturity, the greater its interest rate risk.
Certain additional risk factors relating to debt securities include:
Reinvestment Risk
When interest rates are declining, investors have to reinvest their interest income and any return
of principal, whether scheduled or unscheduled, at lower prevailing rates.
Inflation Risk
Inflation causes tomorrow’s dollar to be worth less than today’s; in other words, it reduces the
purchasing power of a bond investor’s future interest payments and principal, collectively known
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as “cash flows.” Inflation also leads to higher interest rates, which in turn leads to lower bond
prices.
Interest Rate and Market Risk
Debt securities may be sensitive to economic changes, political and corporate developments, and
interest rate changes. Investors can also expect periods of economic change and uncertainty,
which can result in increased volatility of market prices and yields of certain debt securities. For
example, prices of these securities can be affected by financial contracts held by the issuer or third
parties (such as derivatives) relating to the security or other assets or indices.
Call Risk
Debt securities may contain redemption or call provisions entitling their issuers to redeem them at
a specified price on a date prior to maturity. If an issuer exercises these provisions in a lower
interest rate market, the account would have to replace the security with a lower yielding security,
resulting in decreased income to investors.
Usually, a bond is called at or close to par value. This subjects investors that paid a premium for
their bond to a risk of lost principal. In reality, prices of callable bonds are unlikely to move much
above the call price if lower interest rates make the bond likely to be called.
Credit Risk
If the issuer of a debt security defaults on its obligations to pay interest or principal or is the
subject of bankruptcy proceedings, the account may incur losses or expenses in seeking recovery
of amounts owed to it.
Liquidity and Valuation Risk
There may be little trading in the secondary market for particular debt securities, which may
adversely affect the account's ability to value accurately or dispose of such debt securities.
Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may
decrease the value and/or liquidity of debt securities.
It may be possible to reduce the risks described above through diversification of the client’s
portfolio and by credit analysis of each issuer, as well as by monitoring broad economic trends
and corporate and legislative developments, but there can be no assurance that we will be
successful in doing so. Credit ratings for debt securities provided by rating agencies reflect an
evaluation of the safety of principal and interest payments, not market value risk. The rating of an
issuer is a rating agency’s view of past and future potential developments related to the issuer and
may not necessarily reflect actual outcomes. There can be a lag between the time of developments
relating to an issuer and the time a rating is assigned and updated.
Bond rating agencies may assign modifiers (such as +/-) to ratings categories to signify the
relative position of a credit within the rating category. Unless we state otherwise, clients should
include any security within that category without considering the modifier when reading their
investment policies based on ratings categories.
High-Yield Debt
Lower rated debt securities generally have higher rates of interest and involve greater risk of
default or price changes due to changes in the issuer’s creditworthiness than higher rated debt
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securities. The market prices of these securities may fluctuate more than higher quality securities
and may decline significantly in periods of general economic difficulty.
There may be little trading in the secondary market for high-yield debt securities, which may
make them more difficult to value or sell. The prices of, and the income generated by, most debt
securities held by client accounts may be affected by changing interest rates and by changes in the
effective maturities and credit ratings of these securities. For example, the prices of debt securities
in client accounts generally will decline when interest rates rise and increase when interest rates
fall. In addition, falling interest rates may cause an issuer to redeem, “call” or refinance a security
before its stated maturity, which may result in the fund having to reinvest the proceeds in lower
yielding securities.
All debt securities are also subject to credit risk, which is the possibility that the credit strength of
an issuer will weaken and/or an issuer of a debt security will fail to make timely payments of
principal or interest and the security will go into default. Longer maturity debt securities generally
have higher rates of interest and may be subject to greater price fluctuations than shorter maturity
debt securities.
Municipal Bonds
Municipal bonds are debt obligations generally issued to obtain funds for various public purposes,
including the construction of public facilities. Municipal bonds pay a lower rate of return than
most other types of bonds. However, because of a municipal bond’s tax-favored status, investors
should compare the relative after-tax return to the after-tax return of other bonds, depending on
the investor’s tax bracket. Investing in municipal bonds carries the same general risks as investing
in bonds in general. Those risks include interest rate risk, reinvestment risk, inflation risk, market
risk, call or redemption risk, credit risk, and liquidity and valuation risk. Investing in municipal
bonds carries risk unique to these types of bonds, which may include:
Legislative Risk
Legislative risk includes the risk that a change in the tax code could affect the value of taxable or
tax-exempt interest income.
Tax-Bracket Changes
Municipal bonds generate tax-free income and therefore pay lower interest rates than taxable
bonds. Investors who anticipate a significant drop in their marginal income-tax rate may benefit
from the higher yield available from taxable bonds.
Obligations Backed by the "Full Faith and Credit" of the U.S. Government
U.S. government obligations include the following types of securities:
U.S. Treasury Securities
U.S. Treasury securities include direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury, such as Treasury bills,
notes, and bonds. For these securities, the U.S. government unconditionally guarantees the
payment of principal and interest, resulting in the highest possible credit quality. Fluctuations in
interest rates subject U.S. Treasury securities to variations in market value. However, they are
paid in full when held to maturity.
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Federal Agency Securities
Certain U.S. government agencies and government-sponsored entities guarantee the timely
payment of principal and interest with the backing of the full faith and credit of the U.S.
government. Such agencies and entities include The Federal Financing Bank (FFB), the
Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), the Veterans Administration (VA),
the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), the Export-Import Bank (Exim Bank), the Overseas
Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) and the Small
Business Administration (SBA).
Other Federal Agency Obligations
Additional federal agency securities neither are direct obligations of, nor guaranteed by, the U.S.
government. These obligations include securities issued by certain U.S. government agencies and
government-sponsored entities. However, they generally involve some form of federal
sponsorship: some operate under a government charter; specific types of collateral back some; the
issuer’s right to borrow from the Treasury supports some; and only the credit of the issuing
government agency or entity supports others. These agencies and entities include but are not
limited to the Federal Home Loan Bank, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie
Mac), Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), and the Tennessee Valley Authority
and Federal Farm Credit Bank System.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The account may hold cash or invest in cash equivalents. Cash equivalents include:
1. Commercial paper (for example, short-term notes with maturities typically up to 12
months in length issued by corporations, governmental bodies or bank/corporation
sponsored conduits (asset-backed commercial paper));
2. Short-term bank obligations (for example, certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances
(time drafts on a commercial bank where the bank accepts an irrevocable obligation to pay
at maturity)) or bank notes;
3. Savings association and savings bank obligations (for example, bank notes and certificates
of deposit issued by savings banks or savings associations);
4. Securities of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities that mature, or may be
redeemed, in one year or less;
5. Treasury ETFs, which may hold fixed income securities of varying maturities issued by
government agencies, floating rate treasury bonds, and TIPS; and
6. Corporate bonds and notes that mature, or that may be redeemed, in one year or less.
Cash and cash equivalents are the most liquid of investments. Cash and cash equivalents are
considered very low-risk investments meaning there is little risk of losing the principal
investment. Typically, low risk also means low return and the interest an investor can earn on this
type of investment is low relative to other types of investing vehicles.
Other Risks
Cybersecurity
Information and technology systems can be vulnerable to damage or interruption from computer
viruses, network failures, computer and telecommunication failures, infiltrations by unauthorized
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persons and security breaches, usage errors by its professionals, power outages and catastrophic
events such as fires, tornadoes, floods, hurricanes, and earthquakes. Although we have
implemented various measures to manage risks relating to these types of events, if these systems
are compromised, or become inoperable for extended periods of time, or cease to function
properly, we may have to make a significant investment to fix or replace them. The failure of
these systems can cause significant interruptions in our operations and result in a failure to
maintain the security, confidentiality or privacy or sensitive data, including personal information
relating to clients. Such a failure could potentially harm our reputation, subject us to legal claims,
and otherwise have an adverse impact on our ability to perform advisory functions.
Pandemics and Other Public Health Crises
Pandemics and other health crises, such as the outbreak of an infectious disease such as severe
acute respiratory syndrome, avian flu, H1N1/09 flu and COVID-19 or any other serious public
health concern, together with any resulting restrictions on travel or quarantines imposed, could
have a negative impact on the economy, and business activity in any of the areas in which client
investments may be located. Such disruption, or the fear of such disruption, could have a
significant and adverse impact on the securities markets, lead to increased short-term market
volatility or a significant market downturn, and can have adverse long-term effects on world
economies and markets generally.
ITEM 9 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
LCM and our personnel seek to maintain the highest level of business professionalism, integrity,
and ethics. LCM does not have any disciplinary information to disclose.
ITEM 10 - OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS
LCM is completely independent and has no affiliations with any other firm. While substantially
all of our client accounts are currently held at Charles Schwab & Co., we can use any other
custodian as we are not affiliated with Schwab (see Item 12 – Brokerage Practices below).
ITEM 11 - CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT
TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING
Summary of LCM Code of Ethics
LCM has adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Code”), a copy of which is available to any client or
perspective client by written or verbal request to Scott Lewis at the contact information on the
front page of this brochure. A summary of the Code follows.
Section I. Compliance with Laws and Regulations
All personnel must comply with applicable federal and state securities laws, which prohibit any
person from engaging in any fraudulent, misleading, or manipulated actions with respect to clients
or securities.
Section II. Conflicts of Interest
As a fiduciary, LCM has an affirmative duty of care, loyalty, honesty, and good faith to act in the
best interests of its clients, and equally towards all clients. We can comply with this duty by
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diligently striving to avoid conflicts of interest and by fully disclosing all material facts
concerning any conflict that does arise with respect to any client.
Section III. Insider Trading
LCM forbids any employee from trading, either personally or on behalf of others, including client
accounts, on material non-public information or communicating material non-public information
to others in violation of law. This conduct is frequently referred to as "insider trading."
LCM’ prohibition extends to any employee's activities within and outside his/her duties at LCM.
Section IV. Personal Securities Transactions
No securities transactions will be entered into by LCM or its employees if such transactions
would cause economic harm to a client. To effect the foregoing, no trades shall be made by LCM
or its employees in the same security on the same day as in any client account, unless such trade
is part of a block trade where all of the client accounts and the LCM-related account(s) receive the
same price.
Section V. Gifts and Entertainment
A conflict of interest occurs when the personal interests of employees interfere or could
potentially interfere with their responsibilities to LCM and its clients. Supervised persons should
not accept large gifts, favors, entertainment, special accommodations, or other things of material
value that could influence their decision-making or make them feel beholden to a person or firm.
Supervised persons should not offer gifts, favors, entertainment or other things of value that could
be viewed as overly generous or aimed at influencing decision-making or making a client feel
beholden to the firm or the supervised person.
Section VI. Confidentiality
LCM shall keep all information about clients (including former clients) in strict confidence,
including the client’s identity (unless the client consents), the client’s financial circumstances, the
client’s security holdings, and advice furnished to the client by the firm.
Section VII. Marketing and Promotional Activities
All oral and written statements, including those made to clients, prospective clients, their
representatives, or the media, must be professional, accurate, balanced, and not misleading in any
way.
Personal Trading
All employees of LCM are required to obtain prior consent of LCM’s president for any trades
done in their own account. Such trades generally take place in securities which are the same as
securities being purchased and sold on behalf of clients. However, no such transactions will be
entered into if in the opinion of LCM’s president, such transactions would cause economic harm
to the client. Furthermore, LCM has a policy which prohibits employee purchases or sales of a
security on the same day as a purchase or sale of such security for a client, unless such trade is
part of a single block trade where all accounts (clients and LCM employees) receive the same
price. It is possible that employees will purchase or sell the same security as a client a day or
more in advance of or after a client and receive a more favorable price than the client receives a
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day or more later or earlier. However, LCM has a policy which prohibits employee trades in a
security while such security is actively being researched by LCM to determine if client purchases
or sales should be undertaken.
ITEM 12 - BROKERAGE PRACTICES
The Custodian and Brokers We Use
LCM does not maintain custody of your assets that we manage, although we are deemed to have
custody of your assets if you give us authority to withdraw assets from your account (see Item 15
- Custody, below). Your assets must be maintained in an account at a "qualified custodian,"
generally a broker-dealer or bank. We request that our clients use Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
(Schwab), a registered broker-dealer, member SIPC, as the qualified custodian. We are
independently owned and operated and are not affiliated with Schwab. Currently, substantially all
of our client accounts are held by Schwab.
Schwab will hold your assets in a brokerage account and buy and sell securities when we instruct
them to. While we request that you use Schwab as custodian/broker, you will decide whether to
do so and will open your account with Schwab by entering into an account agreement directly
with them. We do not open the account for you, although we generally assist you in doing so.
Even though your account is maintained at Schwab, we can still use other brokers to execute
trades for your account as described below (see “Your Brokerage and Custody Costs").
How We Select Brokers/Custodians
We seek to recommend a custodian/broker who will hold your assets and execute transactions on
terms that are, overall, most advantageous when compared to other available providers and their
services. We consider a wide range of factors, including, among others:
• Combination of transaction execution services and asset custody services (generally
without a separate fee for custody)
• Capability to execute, clear, and settle trades (buy and sell securities for your account)
• Capability to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers, check
requests, bill payment, etc.)
• Breadth of available investment products (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange-traded
funds, etc.)
• Quality of services
• Competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, margin interest rates,
other fees, etc.)
• Reputation, financial strength, and stability
• Availability of other products and services that benefit us, as discussed below (see
"Products and Services Available to Us From Schwab")
Your Brokerage and Custody Costs
For our clients' accounts that Schwab maintains, Schwab generally does not charge you separately
for custody services but is compensated by charging you commissions or other fees on trades that
it executes or that settle into your Schwab account. In addition to commissions, Schwab charges
you a flat dollar amount as a "prime broker" or "trade away" fee for each trade that we have
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executed by a different broker-dealer but where the securities bought or the funds from the
securities sold are deposited (settled) into your Schwab account. These fees are in addition to the
commissions or other compensation you pay the executing broker-dealer. Because of this, in order
to minimize your trading costs, we have Schwab execute most trades for your account. We have
determined that having Schwab execute most trades is consistent with our duty to seek "best
execution" of your trades. Best execution means the most favorable terms for a transaction based
on all relevant factors, including those listed above (see "How We Select Brokers/Custodians").
Products and Services Available to Us From Schwab
Schwab Advisor Services is Schwab's business serving independent investment advisory firms
like us. They provide us and our clients with access to its institutional brokerage—trading,
custody, reporting, and related services—many of which are not typically available to Schwab
retail customers. Schwab also makes available various support services. Some of those services
help us manage or administer our clients' accounts, while others help us manage and grow our
business. Schwab's support services generally are available on an unsolicited basis (we don't have
to request them) and at no charge to us as long as our clients collectively maintain a total of at
least $10 million of their assets in accounts at Schwab. If our clients collectively have less than
$10 million in assets at Schwab, Schwab may charge us quarterly service fees of $1,200.
Following is a more detailed description of Schwab's support services:
Services That Benefit You
Schwab's institutional brokerage services include access to a broad range of investment products,
execution of securities transactions, and custody of client assets. The investment products
available through Schwab include some to which we might not otherwise have access or that
would require a significantly higher minimum initial investment by our clients. Schwab's services
described in this paragraph generally benefit you and your account.
Services That May Not Directly Benefit You
Schwab also makes available to us other products and services that benefit us but may not directly
benefit you or your account. These products and services assist us in managing and administering
our clients' accounts. They include investment research, both Schwab's own and that of third
parties. We may use this research to service all or a substantial number of our clients' accounts,
including accounts not maintained at Schwab. In addition to investment research, Schwab also
makes available software and other technology that:
• Provide access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account
statements)
• Facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts
• Provide pricing and other market data
• Facilitate payment of our fees from our clients' accounts
• Assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping, and client reporting
Services That Generally Benefit Only Us
Schwab also offers other services intended to help us manage and further develop our business
enterprise. These services include:
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• Educational conferences and events
• Consulting on technology, compliance, legal, and business needs
• Publications and conferences on practice management and business succession
• Access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants, and insurance
providers
Schwab provides some of these services itself. In other cases, it will arrange for third-party
vendors to provide the services to us. Schwab may also discount or waive its fees for some of
these services or pay all or a part of a third party's fees. Schwab may also provide us with other
benefits, such as occasional business entertainment of our personnel.
LCM has used all of the above-mentioned Schwab provided services from time to time.
Our Interest in Schwab's Services
The availability of these services from Schwab benefits us because we do not have to produce or
purchase them. We don't have to pay for Schwab's services so long as our clients collectively
keep a total of at least $10 million of their assets in accounts at Schwab. Beyond that, these
services are not contingent upon us committing any specific amount of business to Schwab in
trading commissions or assets in custody. The $10 million minimum may give us an incentive to
request that you maintain your account with Schwab, based on our interest in receiving Schwab's
services that benefit our business rather than based on your interest in receiving the best value in
custody services and the most favorable execution of your transactions. This is a potential conflict
of interest. We believe, however, that our selection of Schwab as custodian and broker is in the
best interests of our clients. Our selection is primarily supported by the scope, quality, and price
of Schwab's services (see "How We Select Brokers/Custodians") and not Schwab's services that
benefit only us.
Trade Away or Prime Brokerage Trades
Best Execution
LCM can sometimes receive better trade execution through a broker/dealer that is not the
custodian of the account. This type of trade typically happens where LCM is looking to buy or
sell a large block of stock, and a broker/dealer other than Schwab may be able to facilitate the
transaction at a more favorable total cost (i.e., price plus commissions) to the client, even though
the per share commission rate is typically higher at the non-custodial broker/dealer. For bond
trades, when looking to buy or sell a particular bond, such bond may only be available (or
available at a better price) through a broker/dealer that is not the custodian of the account. Schwab
charges the account approximately $29 to settle a trade that is executed by a non-custodial
broker/dealer.
These non-custodial broker/dealers have provided LCM with written investment research reports
from time to time. We use this research to service all or a substantial number of our clients'
accounts, but not all accounts may benefit. This could lead to a conflict of interest when
determining whether to use a non-custodian broker/dealer (see “Research and Soft Dollar
Practices” below).
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Research and Soft Dollar Practices
Our firm sometimes uses a broker/dealer who provides useful research services even though a
lower commission is typically be charged by the custodial broker/dealer or a broker/dealer who
offers no research service. Research services may be useful in servicing all our clients, and not all
of such research may be useful for the account for which the particular transaction was effected.
The primary criteria in selecting a broker/dealer for a non-custodial trade are the quality of
research and execution services. In this regard, our firm will consider the quality and accessibility
of the broker’s analysis, the scope of industry coverage and the quality and frequency of written
research reports, dealing with macroeconomic issues, specific industries, and individual
companies. LCM reviews, on a periodic basis, the firms utilized, and the quality of services
received.
Consistent with obtaining best execution for clients, LCM sometimes directs brokerage
transactions for clients’ portfolios to brokers who provide research and execution services to us
and, indirectly, to our advisory clients. These services are of the type described in Section 28(e) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are designed to augment our firm’s own internal
research and investment strategy capabilities. This may be done without prior agreement by the
client (and done at our firm’s discretion). Research services obtained through the use of soft
dollars are generally developed by brokers to whom brokerage is directed or by third-parties
which are compensated by the broker.
Our firm does not attempt to put a specific dollar value on the services rendered or to allocate the
relative costs or benefits of those services among clients, believing that the research our firm
receives will help fulfill its overall duty to its clients. We may not use each particular research
service, however, to service each client. As a result, a client can pay brokerage commissions that
are used, in part, to purchase research services that are not used to benefit that specific client.
Broker/dealers selected by LCM are paid commissions for effecting transactions for our clients
that exceed the amounts other broker/dealers would have charged for effecting these transactions
when our firm determines in good faith that such amounts are reasonable in relation to the value
of the brokerage and/or research services provided by those broker/dealers, viewed either in terms
of a particular transaction or LCM’s overall duty to its discretionary client accounts.
The research services provided are generally used for the benefit of all accounts, including those
of LCM and employees. Also, not all of the research or services received are utilized by or benefit
the account(s) which paid the commissions.
We have obtained economic, fixed income and equity research on soft-dollar basis. Our general
practice is to try to direct research commissions to specific brokerage firms in exchange for their
research services. When our clients provide us with discretionary authority for brokerage, we
sometimes use the brokerage commissions to obtain such research. However, our firm does not
make or have any formal or informal commitments to any broker or dealer to compensate any
firm for research obtained. A potential conflict of interest arises between the client’s interest in
obtaining best execution and our interest in continuing to receive research from any firm.
When LCM uses client brokerage commissions to obtain research or brokerage services, it
receives a benefit to the extent that we do not have to produce such products internally or
compensate third-parties with its own money for the delivery of such services. Therefore, such
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use of client brokerage commissions results in a conflict of interest, whereby our firm has an
incentive to direct client brokerage to those brokers who provide research and services utilized by
our firm, even if these brokers do not offer the best price or commission rates for our clients.
LCM conducts periodic brokerage reviews, analyzing price, commissions, research and services
offered by the various brokers used and volume of client commissions directed to each broker.
Directed Brokerage
LCM does not allow clients to direct us to use a specific broker-dealer to execute transactions.
Clients must use the broker-dealers that LCM requires to custody their account(s) to execute
transactions. Not all investment advisers require their clients to trade through specific brokerage
firms. By requiring clients to use Schwab, LCM believes we may be able to more effectively
manage the client’s portfolio, achieve favorable execution of client transactions, and overall lower
the costs to the portfolio.
Since we require most of our clients to maintain their accounts with Schwab, it is also important
for clients to consider and compare the significant differences between having assets custodied at
another broker-dealer, bank, or other custodian prior to opening an account with us. Some of
these differences include, but are not limited to total account costs, trading freedom, transaction
fees/commission rates, and security and technology services.
Clients with 401(k) accounts are not required to use Schwab and may appoint a custodian of their
choosing.
Trade Aggregation and Block Trades
LCM generally aggregates orders for clients in the same securities in an effort to seek best
execution, negotiate more favorable commission rates, and/or allocate differences in prices,
commissions, and other transaction costs equitably among our clients. These are benefits of
aggregating orders that we might not obtain if we placed those orders independently. Aggregating
trades in like securities among client accounts as well as with accounts of LCM and our personnel
presents a potential conflict of interest as it could create an incentive to allocate more favorable
executions to our own accounts or the accounts of our personnel.
Our policies to address this conflict are as follows:
1. We disclose our aggregation policies in this brochure;
2. We will not aggregate transactions unless we believe that aggregation is consistent with
our duty to seek best execution (which includes the duty to seek best price) for our clients.
The trade also needs to be consistent with the terms of our investment advisory agreement
with each client that has an account included in the aggregation;
3. No advisory account will be favored over any other account. This includes accounts of
LCM or any of our personnel. Each account in an aggregated trade will participate at the
average share price for all of our transactions in a given security on a given business day
(per portfolio manager and per custodian). All accounts will pay their individual
transaction costs;
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4. Before entering an aggregated order, we will prepare a written statement (the “Allocation
Statement”) specifying the participating accounts and how we intend to allocate the order
among those accounts;
5. If the aggregated order is filled entirely, we will allocate shares among clients according to
the Allocation Statement; if the order is partially filled, we will allocate it pro-rata
according to the Allocation Statement;
6. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we may allocate the order differently than specified in the
Allocation Statement if all client accounts receive fair and equitable treatment. In this
case, we will explain the reasons for a different allocation in writing, which the CCO must
approve no later than one hour after the opening of the markets on the trading day
following the day the order was executed;
7. Our books and records will separately reflect each aggregated order and the securities held
by, bought, and sold for each client account;
8. Funds and securities of clients participating in an aggregated order will be deposited with
one or more qualified custodians. Clients’ cash and securities will not be held collectively
any longer than is necessary to settle the trade on a delivery versus payment basis.
Following settlement, cash or securities held collectively for clients will be delivered out
to the qualified custodian as soon as practical;
9. We will not receive additional compensation or remuneration of any kind as a result of
aggregating orders; and
10. We will provide individual investment advice and treatment to each client’s account.
ITEM 13 - REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
Account Reviews
The accounts are under continuous supervision. Investment recommendations are made on an
ongoing basis. LCM recommends meeting with clients at least semi-annually, and, in some cases,
quarterly, to review the investment outlook, investment goals and objectives, investment policies
and strategies, procedures, and the portfolio. Between meetings there is email and telephone
communication. LCM relies on clients to inform us of any material changes to their personal
circumstances. Scott Lewis, President, reviews and supervises all accounts.
Reports
Each client receives a written statement from the custodian that includes an accounting of all
holdings and transactions in the account for the reporting period. In addition, LCM sends
quarterly written reports to clients detailing investment holdings and valuations as of the last
business day of the quarter. Performance information is also included if requested by the client.
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ITEM 14 - CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
Solicitors
LCM does not provide compensation for referrals.
Schwab Support Products and Services
We receive an economic benefit from Schwab in the form of the support products and services it
makes available to us. These products and services, how they benefit us, and the related conflicts
of interest are described above (see Item 12 - Brokerage Practices). The availability to us of
Schwab's products and services is not based on us giving particular investment advice, such as
buying particular securities for our clients.
Outside Compensation
LCM may refer clients to unaffiliated professionals for specific needs, such as insurance,
mortgage brokerage, real estate sales, and estate planning, legal, and/or tax/accounting services.
In turn, these professionals may refer clients to LCM for advisory services. We do not have any
agreements with individuals or companies that we refer clients to, and we do not receive any
compensation for these referrals. However, it could be concluded that LCM is receiving an
indirect economic benefit from the arrangement, as the relationships are mutually beneficial. For
example, there could be an incentive for us to recommend services of firms who refer clients to
LCM.
LCM only refers clients to professionals we believe are competent and qualified in their field, but
it is ultimately the client’s responsibility to evaluate the provider, and it is solely the client’s
decision whether to engage a recommended firm. Clients are under no obligation to purchase any
products or services through these professionals, and LCM has no control over the services
provided by another firm. Clients who choose to engage these professionals will sign a separate
agreement with the other firm. Fees charged by the other firm are separate from and in addition to
fees charged by LCM.
If the client desires, LCM will work with these professionals or the client’s other advisors (such
as an accountant or attorney) to help ensure that the provider understands the client’s financial
plan/investments and to coordinate services for the client. LCM does not share information with
an unaffiliated professional unless first authorized by the client.
ITEM 15 - CUSTODY
Under government regulations, we are deemed to have custody of your assets if, for example, you
authorize us to instruct Schwab to deduct our advisory fees directly from your account or if you
grant us authority to move your money to another person's account. Schwab maintains actual
custody of your assets.
LCM is also deemed to have custody of clients’ funds or securities when clients have standing
authorizations with their custodian to move money from a client’s account to a third-party
(“SLOA”) and under that SLOA authorize us to designate the amount or timing of transfers with
the custodian. The SEC has set forth a set of standards intended to protect client assets in such
situations, which we follow.
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You will receive account statements directly from Schwab at least quarterly. They will be sent to
the email or postal mailing address you provided to Schwab. You should carefully review those
statements promptly when you receive them. We also urge you to compare Schwab's account
statements to the periodic portfolio reports you will receive from us.
ITEM 16 - INVESTMENT DISCRETION
LCM has limited authorization for each client account, allowing LCM to enter transactions
directly for client portfolios. Typically, these are done without discussing them with the client
first. However, the client may restrict the advisor from buying certain types of investments or
place other limitations for their portfolio management. This investment discretion is granted to
LCM in the new client agreement signed by the client at the outset of investment management
services.
Additionally, when the client opens an account with the custodian, the client signs certain parts of
the new account documents to grant discretionary authorization known as “trading authorization”
to LCM. This is the authorization for LCM to enter trades directly with the custodian.
In addition, clients sign other parts of the new account document to authorize discretionary power
to LCM known as “disbursement authorization” and “fee payment authorization.” Disbursement
authorization allows LCM to initiate cash disbursements from the client’s account to identically
registered accounts at other financial institutions, and by check made payable to the name of the
account and mailed to the accounts address of record. Fee payment authorization allows LCM to
instruct the custodian to deduct our management fees from the account and remit them to LCM.
ITEM 17 - VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
Proxy Voting
LCM generally votes proxies for securities that are held in client accounts. We have adopted
written policies and procedures designed to facilitate voting client securities in the best interests
of clients. You may obtain information from us about how we voted proxies for securities in your
account, or generally about our proxy voting policy, on request by telephone or email. You may
also obtain a copy of our complete proxy voting policies and procedures upon request. A
summary of LCM’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures is as follows:
Due to labor-intensive nature of evaluating the various management and shareholder proposals
outlined in the proxy, LCM typically does not vote the proxies of companies when the firm has an
insignificant share position, or when the position is not one that selected through LCM’s research
process (i.e., the client selected the stock on their own or owned it prior to becoming a client of
LCM). We have established an ownership threshold of 1/10th of 1% (.001) of the shares
outstanding in order to vote the proxy. When LCM owns more than 1/10th of 1% of the shares
outstanding, or when the position is established by us, then we will vote the proxy. In this way,
we are best able to devote our time to researching proxy proposals that will have the greatest
potential impact on the financial interests of our clients.
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How We Vote Proxies
We generally vote proxies with a view to enhancing shareholder value. The financial interest of
our clients is paramount in our determining how to vote. In the case of social or political
responsibility issues that in our view do not materially involve financial considerations, it is not
possible to represent fairly the diverse views of our clients. Unless a client has instructed us
otherwise, Lewis Capital generally votes in accordance with management recommendations on
these issues. When making proxy voting decisions, LCM generally adheres to proxy voting
guidelines included in the Proxy Voting Policy which set forth LCM’s position on recurring
issues. Generally, we do not allow clients to direct our vote in a particular solicitation; however,
we reserve the right to make exceptions at our discretion.
Conflicts
Given the small size of LCM, it is unlikely that we would encounter a material conflict in voting
client proxies. However, we still have a duty to recognize a material conflict and to resolve the
conflict before voting the proxy. If we do encounter a proposal that involves a material conflict of
interest on our part, unless otherwise instructed by the client, we will take one of the following
actions to ensure the proxy voting decision is based on the client’s best interests and is not a result
of the conflict:
• Engage an independent party to determine how to vote the proxy;
• Vote in proportion to other shareholders;
• Refer the proxy to a client or to a representative of the client for voting purposes; or
• Disclose the conflict to the affected clients and seek their consent to vote the proxy prior
to casting the vote.
Class Actions
LCM does not instruct or give advice to clients on whether or not to participate as a member of
class action lawsuits and will not automatically file claims on the client’s behalf. However, if a
client notifies us that they wish to participate in a class action, we will provide the client with any
transaction information pertaining to the client’s account needed for the client to file a proof of
claim in a class action.
ITEM 18 - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Registered investment advisers are required in this item to provide clients with certain financial
information or disclosures about the firm’s financial condition. LCM does not require the
prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client six months or more in advance, does not
foresee any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet contractual
commitments to clients, and has not been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
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Form ADV, Part 2B Brochure Supplement
ITEM 1 - COVER PAGE
Scott C. Lewis, CFA®
LEWIS CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
9454 Wilshire Blvd, Suite M-1
Beverly Hills, CA 90212
Phone: (310) 276-1262
February 27, 2025
This brochure supplement provides information about Scott Lewis that supplements the Lewis
Capital Management, LLC brochure. You should have already received a copy of that brochure.
Please contact Scott Lewis at the above telephone number if you did not receive our brochure or if
you have any questions about the contents of this supplement. Additional information about Scott
Lewis is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
ITEM 1 - COVER PAGE
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Lewis Capital Management
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Scott Lewis
ITEM 2 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND AND BUSINESS EXPERIENCE
Scott C. Lewis, President, Portfolio Manager, Chief Compliance Officer
Scott C. Lewis was born on June 10, 1965, and is a native of Los Angeles. He received a B.A in
Economics, with honors, from U.C. Berkeley in 1987, and a J.D., with honors, from the
University of Michigan Law School in 1991. From 1997 until 2000 he was an associate portfolio
manager at Joel R. Mogy Investment Counsel, Inc. (“JRM”), an investment advisory firm with
approximately 130 clients and over one billion dollars under management (as of April 2000). At
JRM, Scott was involved in all areas of investment counseling, and worked closely with Mr.
Mogy in managing the firm’s portfolios. In addition to portfolio management, his responsibilities
at JRM included equity and fixed income analysis, trading, and client relationship matters.
In June of 2000, Mr. Lewis left JRM to initiate and organize his own investment advisory firm.
He is solely responsible for the formulation of investment philosophy, policies, strategies,
portfolio management, and security selection at LCM.
Prior to his employment at JRM, Mr. Lewis practiced corporate securities law at the international
law firm of Latham & Watkins from 1992 until 1997. His clients during this period included
major Wall Street firms such as Morgan Stanley, Merrill Lynch, Smith Barney, and Salomon
Brothers, as well as major corporations such as The Walt Disney Company and Chemical Bank.
Mr. Lewis is a member of the CFA Society of Los Angeles, the CFA Institute, and the State Bar
of California. He is a Chartered Financial Analyst.
Professional Designations
Chartered Financial Analyst
The Chartered Financial Analyst® (“CFA®”) designation is sponsored by the CFA Institute. To
earn a CFA® charter, candidates must have four years of qualified investment work experience,
become a member of CFA Institute, pledge to adhere to the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and
Standards of Professional Conduct on an annual basis, apply for membership to a local CFA®
member society, and complete the CFA® Program. The CFA Program® is organized into three
levels, each culminating in a six-hour exam. The three proctored course exams correspond to
three 250-hour self-study levels. Completing the Program takes most candidates between two and
five years. More information regarding the CFA® is available at https://www.cfainstitute.org.
ITEM 3 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
Scott C. Lewis has no disciplinary history to disclose.
ITEM 4 - OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
Scott Lewis is the principal of LCM. There are no other business interests that provide
compensation or conflicts of interest.
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ITEM 5 - ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION
Scott Lewis receives no compensation for rending investment advice or services except from
client of LCM.
ITEM 6 - SUPERVISION
Scott Lewis supervises the activities of LCM, including all full or part-time employees.
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Lewis Capital Management
Brochure Supplement
Rev. October 2020
FACTS
WHAT DOES LEWIS CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC (“LEWIS”)
DO WITH YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION?
Why?
Financial companies choose how they share your personal information.
Federal law gives consumers the right to limit some but not all sharing.
Federal law also requires us to tell you how we collect, share, and protect
your personal information. Please read this notice carefully to understand
what we do.
What?
The types of personal information we collect and share depend on the
product or service you have with us. This information can include:
Social Security number and income
•
• account balances and transaction history
• assets and risk tolerance
When you are no longer our customer, we continue to share your
information as described in this notice.
How?
All financial companies need to share customers’ personal information to
run their everyday business. In the section below, we list the reasons financial
companies can share their customers’ personal information; the reasons
Lewis chooses to share; and whether you can limit this sharing.
Reasons we can share your personal
information
Does Lewis
share?
Can you limit
this sharing?
YES
NO
For our everyday business purposes -
as permitted by law
NO
We Don’t Share
For our marketing purposes - to offer our products and
services to you
For joint marketing with other financial companies
NO
We Don’t Share
NO
We Don’t Share
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes -
information about your transactions and experiences
NO
We Don’t Share
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes -
information about your creditworthiness
For nonaffiliates to market to you
NO
We Don’t Share
Questions? Call (310) 276-1262 or go to www.lewiscm.com
Page 2
WHO WE ARE
Who is providing this notice?
Lewis Capital Management LLC (“Lewis”)
WHAT WE DO
How does Lewis protect my
personal information?
To protect your personal information from unauthorized
access and use, we use security measures that comply with
federal law. These measures include computer safeguards
and secured files and buildings.
We collect your personal information, for example, when you
How does Lewis collect my
personal information?
seek advice about your investments
tell us about your investment or retirement portfolio
tell us about your investment or retirement earnings
•
• enter into an investment advisory contract
•
•
• give us your contact information
We also collect your personal information from other
companies.
Why can’t I limit all sharing?
Federal law gives you the right to limit only:
•
sharing for affiliates’ everyday business purposes -
information about your creditworthiness
sharing for nonaffiliates to market to you
• affiliates from using your information to market to you
•
State laws and individual companies may give you additional
rights to limit sharing.
DEFINITIONS
Affiliates
Companies related by common ownership or control. They
can be financial and nonfinancial companies.
Lewis has no affiliates.
•
Nonaffiliates
Companies not related by common ownership or control. They
can be financial and non-financial companies.
•
Lewis does not share with nonaffiliates so they can market
to you.
Joint Marketing
A formal agreement between nonaffiliated financial
companies that together market financial products or services
to you.
Lewis doesn’t jointly market.
•