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MARSHFIELD ASSOCIATES, INC.
1330 CONNECTICUT AVE NW
SUITE 400
WASHINGTON, DC 20036
PHONE: 202-828-6200
WWW.MARSHFIELDINC.COM
Form ADV Part 2A
August 15, 2025
This brochure provides information about the qualification and business practices of
Marshfield Associates, Inc. (“Marshfield,” “we,” “us,” or “our”). If you have any questions
about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at 202-828-6200 or at
compliance@marshfieldinc.com. The information in this brochure has not been approved
or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any
state securities authority.
Marshfield is a registered investment adviser. Registration as an investment adviser does
not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Additional information about Marshfield is also available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Item 2 - Material Changes
This page discusses only specific material changes that were made to our brochure since
our last annual update on March 31, 2024. Since the last update, we have amended the
brochure to reflect our new office address of 1330 Connecticut Ave NW, Suite 400,
Washington, DC 20036. There have been no other material changes to our brochure.
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Item 3 - Table of Contents
Item 2 - Material Changes................................................................................................... 2
Item 3 - Table of Contents .................................................................................................. 3
Item 4 - Advisory Business ................................................................................................. 4
Item 5 - Fees and Compensation ......................................................................................... 5
Item 6 - Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management .................................... 7
Item 7 - Types of Clients .................................................................................................... 9
Item 8 - Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ............................. 9
Item 9 - Disciplinary Information ..................................................................................... 17
Item 10 - Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ......................................... 17
Item 11 - Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading ............................................................................................................... 18
Item 12 - Brokerage Practices ........................................................................................... 19
Item 13 - Review of Accounts .......................................................................................... 22
Item 14 - Client Referrals and Other Compensation ........................................................ 23
Item 15 - Custody.............................................................................................................. 23
Item 16 - Investment Discretion ....................................................................................... 24
Item 17 - Voting Client Securities .................................................................................... 24
Item 18 - Financial Information ........................................................................................ 25
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Item 4 - Advisory Business
Marshfield Associates, Inc. (“Marshfield”) is a Washington, D.C.-based registered investment
adviser offering professional investment advisory services to a broad range of institutional and
retail clients since 1989. We are privately owned by seven individual principals; Christopher
Niemczewski is the only principal who owns more than 25% of the firm. As of December 31,
2024, Marshfield manages approximately $7.50 billion in client assets ($7.47 billion on a
discretionary basis and $30 million on a non-discretionary basis).
Marshfield is a long-only, value investor. Our goals are (1) capital preservation and (2)
outperformance of the S&P 500 Index over time. Our core value equity strategy (the “Core Value
Equity Strategy”) consists of a concentrated portfolio that, when fully invested, holds
approximately 16 to 20 individual stocks. We also offer a balanced strategy (the “Balanced
Strategy”) for clients who request to augment our Core Value Equity Strategy with an allocation
to fixed income securities. See Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of
Loss for additional information about our strategies.
Separately Managed Accounts
We provide discretionary investment advisory services through separately managed accounts
(“SMAs”) to a variety of institutional and individual clients, including business organizations,
public and private pension plans, foundations, trusts, charitable organizations, high net worth
individuals, and others. Marshfield typically does not tailor its advisory services to the individual
needs of a client, but a client may, with Marshfield’s consent, impose limited restrictions on
investments in certain securities or types of securities in its account. These limitations or
restrictions are negotiated individually with each client at the time the investment advisory
agreement is signed and may be modified by the client by notifying Marshfield in writing.
Marshfield may be unable to accommodate certain investment limitations or restrictions sought
by a client.
Wrap Fee Programs
Marshfield provides discretionary investment management services through wrap fee programs
sponsored by unaffiliated broker-dealers, investment advisers, or other financial institutions.
Marshfield is not a sponsor of any wrap fee program. These programs vary by sponsor and may
be set up as a single contract or dual contract program. Under a single contract program, wrap
program clients enter into an investment advisory agreement with the program sponsor and not
with Marshfield, and the program sponsor engages Marshfield to provide portfolio management
services to the wrap program clients via a separate agreement. Under a dual contract program,
wrap program clients enter into separate advisory agreements with the program sponsor and with
Marshfield. Fees and features of wrap fee programs vary, and clients participating in these
programs should carefully review the sponsor’s wrap fee program brochure for the specific fees
and features applicable to its program. Marshfield generally has the authority to enter into
transactions on behalf of the wrap fee programs in which it participates, subject to any investment
or trading restrictions provided by the program sponsor or program participants. See Item 12 –
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Brokerage Practices below for additional information about trade execution under a wrap fee
program.
Model Portfolios
Marshfield provides non-discretionary investment advice through model portfolio delivery
programs sponsored by unaffiliated broker-dealers, investment advisers, or other financial
institutions. Under such arrangements, Marshfield provides the model program sponsor with a
model portfolio, and the model program sponsor retains complete discretion to implement, reject,
or adjust the model provided and, if appropriate, execute any corresponding transactions on
behalf of its underlying clients. Marshfield does not execute transactions for the model program
sponsor or its underlying clients, and Marshfield does not consider the underlying clients of the
model program sponsor to be clients of Marshfield.
Marshfield Concentrated Opportunity Fund
Marshfield is the investment adviser to the Marshfield Concentrated Opportunity Fund (the
“Fund”), which is a separate series of Ultimus Managers Trust, an open-end management
investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Marshfield has
overall supervisory responsibility for the management and investment of the Fund’s securities
portfolio, and the Fund is managed according to the same investment philosophy and discipline as
our Core Value Equity Strategy discussed in Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies
and Risk of Loss below. Additional information about the Fund is available in the Fund’s current
Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”), which may be downloaded from the
Fund’s website at www.marshfieldfunds.com.
Item 5 - Fees and Compensation
Separately Managed Accounts
Marshfield generally receives fees from SMA clients based upon a percentage of the assets under
management, calculated according to a schedule agreed upon in writing between Marshfield and
the client and included in the client’s investment advisory agreement. Upon the specific request
of an SMA client, Marshfield may enter into a performance-based fee arrangement as discussed
in Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management below. All fees charged by
Marshfield are documented in writing in the client’s investment management agreement with
Marshfield, as such agreement may be amended from time to time.
Management fees for SMA clients are typically invoiced quarterly in advance, based upon the
previous calendar quarter-end market value of all assets (including cash) held in the account.
Marshfield will consider other methods of payment and/or fee calculation at the client’s request,
including billing in arrears. If an advance billed client account is terminated during the service
period, fees paid in advance are refunded promptly, without further request by the client, on a
pro-rata basis (based upon the number of days such account is active for such quarter using a ratio
in which (i) the numerator is equal to the number of days such account is active for the applicable
quarter and (ii) the denominator is equal to the number of days in the applicable quarter).
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Marshfield generally will not bill less than $100 for a partial quarter when an account opens and,
unless otherwise agreed in writing, will not refund a client for pre-paid advisory services when an
account closes if the amount to return is $25 or less.
SMA clients may choose to pay fee invoices from the assets of the accounts managed by
Marshfield or from another source including billing directly to the client’s custodian.
Marshfield’s advisory fees are exclusive of brokerage commissions, transaction fees, and other
related costs and expenses, which shall be incurred by the client. In addition, SMA clients will
incur certain additional expenses imposed by custodians, broker-dealers, and other third-party
providers, such as custody fees, odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes, wire transfer and electronic
fund fees, and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts, securities transactions or money
market mutual funds. Neither Marshfield nor any of its supervised persons receive any portion of
these commissions, fees, costs, etc., that are charged by custodians, broker-dealers, and other
third-party providers. See Item 12 - Brokerage Practices below for a description of the factors
that Marshfield considers in selecting or recommending broker-dealers for client transactions and
determining the reasonableness of their compensation (e.g., commissions).
Marshfield’s standard asset-based fee schedules for SMA clients are as follows:
More than 60% allocated to equity securities:
1.25% for accounts from $1 million - $10 million
1.00% for accounts of at least $10 million
60% or less allocated to equity securities:
1.00% for accounts from $1 million - $10 million
0.90% for accounts of at least $10 million
Marshfield’s minimum account size for opening a separately managed account is $1 million,
which we can waive at our discretion based on circumstances such as multiple accounts or friends
or family accounts.
Fees for SMA clients may be negotiated or modified in light of a client’s special circumstances,
asset levels, service requirements, or other factors in Marshfield’s sole discretion. Marshfield may
agree to offer certain clients a fee schedule that is lower than that of comparable clients in the
same investment style. Marshfield reserves the right to change its standard fee schedules and is
not required to change the fee schedules of existing clients to match such updated fee schedules,
even if such updated fee schedules would be more advantageous to existing clients. Marshfield
may also choose to waive all or a portion of negotiated fees for a given period. Also, for fee
calculation purposes, Marshfield may agree to aggregate the assets of related client accounts and
such accounts may receive the benefit of a lower effective fee rate due to such aggregation. In
addition, certain accounts with long-standing clients may be charged fees based on an older fee
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schedule that is no longer available, and Marshfield may offer reduced or waived advisory fees
for accounts of employees or their friends and families.
Marshfield will review each SMA client’s assets under management annually to determine if
assets have increased or decreased above or below the agreed asset-based fee schedule threshold
amounts. Notice will be provided to the client if a new fee is warranted as a result of this review.
The fee change will be increased or decreased, as appropriate, as of the end of such quarter
following the fee review and shall remain in effect until a subsequent annual review reflects that a
further adjustment in the fee charged should be made. Marshfield may waive fee increases in its
sole discretion. A client may request an ad hoc fee review at any time other than the annual
review.
Wrap Fee Programs
For clients in wrap fee programs, Marshfield negotiates the fees paid to us directly with the wrap
fee program’s sponsor and not with individual program participants. Under a single contract
program, the wrap program client pays an asset-based wrap fee to the program sponsor, and the
program sponsor pays Marshfield a portion of this fee. Under a dual contract program, the wrap
program client pays an asset-based wrap fee to the program sponsor and a separate asset-based
management fee to Marshfield. Fees and features of wrap fee programs are established by the
program sponsor and not by Marshfield, and wrap fee program clients should carefully review the
sponsor’s wrap fee program brochure for the specific fees and features applicable to its program.
Model Portfolios
Model program sponsors typically charge an all-inclusive fee based on the value of their
participating clients’ accounts. Model program sponsors pay us for our non-discretionary
investment advice at negotiated rates based on the assets in their client accounts for which
Marshfield’s strategy is used. As noted in Item 4 – Advisory Business above, Marshfield does not
consider the underlying clients of the model program sponsor to be clients of Marshfield.
Marshfield Concentrated Opportunity Fund
The Fund pays Marshfield a monthly management fee that is disclosed in the Fund’s current
Prospectus and SAI.
Item 6 - Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Performance Based Fees
Upon the specific request of an SMA client, Marshfield may enter into a performance-based fee
arrangement where return expectations and the time period over which returns are measured are
reasonable and agreeable to both parties. Performance-based fee arrangements may be offered in
addition to or in lieu of an asset-based fee, and the amount of a performance-based fee can vary
depending on the performance of the applicable account relative to a particular benchmark return.
Any such performance fee will comply with Rule 205-3 under the Investment Advisers Act of
1940.
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Performance-based fees have the potential to generate significant advisory fees for Marshfield
and create an incentive for Marshfield to take additional risks in the management of the account
portfolio. For example, Marshfield has an incentive to allocate attractive or limited investment to
the accounts that charge performance-based fees. Marshfield also has an incentive to favor the
performance-based fee accounts with respect to trade timing and/or execution price. In addition,
Marshfield has an incentive to engage in front running so that the trading activity of other
accounts benefits the performance fee-based account. Marshfield has designed and implemented
procedures to ensure that all clients are treated fairly and equally, regardless of the applicable fee
structure, as discussed below.
Side-by-Side Management
Marshfield provides investment advisory services within the same strategies to its SMA clients,
wrap fee program relationships, model program relationships, and the Fund. This gives rise to
potential conflicts of interest since Marshfield may have an incentive to favor certain accounts
over others. Examples of conflicts include:
• Allocating favored investment opportunities to larger accounts or relationships which pay
more fees in the aggregate than smaller accounts or relationships.
• Allocating favored investment opportunities to accounts with performance-based fees or
higher fee schedules than other accounts.
• Allocating more time and attention to accounts with higher fee rates or larger aggregate fee
amounts.
• Allocating investment opportunities to accounts or funds where an employee of Marshfield
has an interest.
• Executing trades for an account or client that may adversely impact the value of securities
held by a different account or client.
• If there is limited availability of an investment opportunity, Marshfield may not be able to
allocate such opportunity to all eligible accounts or Funds which could have otherwise
participated in the investment opportunity.
To address these and other conflicts of interest, Marshfield has adopted various policies and
procedures designed to ensure that all client accounts are treated equitably and that no account
receives favorable treatment. For example, Marshfield has adopted procedures governing the
aggregation of trades by multiple clients and the allocation of securities transactions among such
clients. Additionally, procedures have been adopted to monitor performance dispersion across
like managed accounts including accounts with performance-based fee arrangements as compared
to similarly managed non-performance-fee based accounts. See also Item 12 - Brokerage
Practices below for more information about conflicts of interest related to portfolio transactions.
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Item 7 - Types of Clients
Marshfield provides investment management services to a wide range of institutional and
individual clients including high net worth individuals, corporate pension and profit-sharing
plans, banking and or thrift institutions, insurance companies, hospitals, Taft-Hartley funds,
charitable institutions, foundations, endowments, professional and religious organizations, state
or municipal government entities, registered mutual funds and other U.S. and international
institutions. In addition, Marshfield provides investment advice to retail investors through wrap
fee programs sponsored by unaffiliated broker-dealers, investment advisers, or other financial
institutions.
Marshfield’s minimum account size for opening a separately managed account is $1 million,
which we can waive at our discretion based on circumstances such as multiple accounts or friends
or family accounts. The minimum account size for a wrap fee program account is generally
determined by the agreement between Marshfield and the wrap fee program’s sponsor.
Item 8 - Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis
Marshfield is a long-only, value investor. Our goals are (1) capital preservation and (2)
outperformance of the S&P 500 Index over time.
Our philosophy emphasizes selectivity, patience, and thoughtfulness. In our equity portfolios, we
look for high-return businesses with substantial earnings power over time as facilitated by some
combination of: advantageous industry structure; resilient business model; culture appropriate to
the business (and regulatory regime, if any); execution capabilities, especially in “simple but not
easy” businesses. In addition to such qualitative attributes, we also demand a price that
incorporates a large margin of safety over our conservative estimate of a company’s value.
We believe that our differentiated approach to evaluating companies, identifying opportunities,
and maintaining the ability to act on such opportunities is distinctive. By means of a highly
concentrated portfolio that is invested without reference to the industry representation and
weightings reflected in the broad market, our portfolios look and perform quite differently from
the market. Our patience, willingness to hold cash (sometimes a lot of it), and belief that buy and
sell decisions should be made independent of one another help to maintain dry powder for buying
opportunities. We also believe that our insistence on quality and price are crucial ingredients for
the long-term creation of alpha and value.
Research at Marshfield is typically conducted in-house by our seven member-research team
(comprised of six research analysts and one economist). Four principals of the firm are the
research team’s voting members.
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Investment Strategies
Core Value Equity Strategy
Marshfield's Core Value Equity Strategy is premised on the dual belief that, over time, a stock’s
share price roughly aligns with the intrinsic value of the stock but that, despite such rough
alignment, the share price routinely over- and under-shoots that value, thereby offering up
opportunities to buy below intrinsic value and sell above it. Such mispricings arise from the stock
market’s tendency, in the aggregate, to misjudge short-term events and to misunderstand the
long-term implications of such things as industry structure, corporate culture, and changes in
company management.
We believe that two primary factors – quality and price - are crucial ingredients for the long-term
creation of shareholder value. We are willing to wait and hold cash (sometimes a lot of it) when
such opportunities are not available. And since good price is often accompanied by controversy,
we are willing to tolerate discomfort in order to buy companies characterized by these essential
attributes if we believe that the controversy is either temporary in nature or of limited
consequence. Marshfield’s objective is to build wealth while minimizing risk of sizeable loss of
principal.
1. Quality: Marshfield seeks to invest in high quality, “built to last” companies with enduring
competitive advantages that are difficult to duplicate, and which pass Marshfield’s tests of
corporate culture and management quality, industry structure and resilience. Marshfield
assesses these drivers of a company’s long-term business because our attention to price often
means that the stocks we buy have not been doing well lately. Marshfield is more concerned
about the long-term health of a company than its short-term corporate performance.
2. Price: Our quantitative analysis seeks a high caliber balance sheet, high quality earnings, free
cash flow, and the predictability of those cash flows over a number of years. The ultimate
objective of our quantitative analysis is to establish a conservative estimate of a company's
intrinsic value, which is used as a point of reference in determining both the substantially
discounted buy price and materially "overvalued" sell price.
• Buy Price Discipline:
When either adding a name to a portfolio or supplementing an existing position,
Marshfield requires a “margin of safety” — a discount off of our internally generated
estimate of intrinsic value. We are willing to hold cash (sometimes a lot of it), which
means we can be disciplined about the price we pay and are often able to
opportunistically buy stocks at cheaper prices by waiting than if we bought them all on
the day an account opens or cash is added. If our fundamental thesis and analysis is
unchanged, we believe that a falling stock price represents an opportunity to add to a
position at an even more attractive price. During a trade, the price of a stock may increase
above what Marshfield is willing to pay for the security resulting in accounts not
receiving the intended full position or the stock at all. As a result of Marshfield’s strict
price discipline, trades may be executed over the course of days, weeks, or months.
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To facilitate our opportunistic trading style and streamline our investment process, unless
otherwise agreed in writing, uninvested cash is held in a sweep account operated and
maintained by the custodian chosen by the client. Marshfield understands that interest
paid on custodial sweep account products varies from custodian to custodian, and clients
may wish to consider this when choosing a custodian.
For new accounts, cash received at the inception of the account is generally not fully
invested immediately upon receipt but rather is invested as the stocks we want to own
become available at the discounted prices we want to pay. As a result, the time required
to invest fully can often be measured in months or years as we will only buy a stock or
add to a position when the stock is within our target range to buy. Consequently, if no
stocks are priced within our target range to purchase, funds will stay uninvested until a
buying opportunity presents itself.
• Sell Discipline:
Marshfield’s objective going into an investment is to hold it for a very long time. The
primary reasons Marshfield sells a stock are (1) Marshfield should not have bought the
stock in the first place; (2) when the company or the industry has changed for the worse;
(3) to limit a portfolio-wide systematic risk, as with too great an exposure to a single
company, industry or sector of the economy; or (4) when a stock becomes excessively
overvalued and trading at or above the top end of our hold range. During a trade, the
price of a stock may decrease below what Marshfield is willing to sell the security for
resulting in some accounts not reducing the position as intended.
Balanced Strategy
For Marshfield clients who request that a portion of their portfolio be invested in fixed income
securities, Marshfield requires the client to instruct Marshfield on the portfolio allocation to fixed
income vs. equity securities invested pursuant to our Core Value Equity Strategy. Marshfield may
incorporate reasonable client-specific restrictions into the choice of individual bonds for each
portfolio, including ratings restrictions, tax bracket, and the choice of index. Because Marshfield
does not believe it (or anyone) can predict the future direction of interest rates, its bond portfolios
are generally built to match portfolio duration to the relevant index, rather than incorporating any
interest rate or economic bets. Maturities are usually no more than 10 years.
Tax-Sheltered, Tax-Exempt, or Low-Tax-Bracket Taxable Clients
Marshfield generally buys U.S. government and agency bonds as the default option for its tax-
sheltered, tax-exempt, or low-tax-bracket taxable clients. Marshfield buys corporate debt
securities only if it believes it understands the issuer’s credit quality and is paid to take the risk of
buying corporate obligations (e.g. the yield-to-maturity spread over government bonds is high
enough to justify the risk of investing in corporate bonds). This means that Marshfield usually
buys bonds from companies whose stock Marshfield would be willing to own (at a price), as
Marshfield will have done an in-depth analysis and affirmed the security of the bond’s underlying
cash flows.
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Periodically, when yield spreads between corporates, governments, and municipals justify,
Marshfield will buy tax-exempt bonds for low tax bracket taxable clients (see Taxable Clients
below).
Taxable Clients
Marshfield generally buys tax-exempt bonds with what it believes to be minimal credit risk while
still obtaining average to above-average returns as the default option for its taxable clients.
Therefore, it often buys debt, which is pre-refunded or escrowed to maturity or otherwise
guaranteed as a direct obligation of the U.S. Government. Marshfield may buy sinking fund
bonds (where part of the issue may be redeemed prior to maturity on a lottery basis) where the
yield-to-worst total return is higher than bullet debt of the same maturity. Marshfield buys odd lot
pieces at lower prices than it would pay for round lot pieces. Marshfield may also buy municipal
bonds, including out-of-state municipal bonds where after-state-tax yields justify.
Summary of Material Risks
Active Management Risk: The success of a client’s account that is actively managed depends
upon the investment skills and analytical abilities of Marshfield to develop and effectively
implement strategies that achieve the client’s investment objective. Subjective decisions made by
Marshfield may cause a client portfolio to incur losses or to miss profit opportunities on which it
may otherwise have capitalized.
Allocation and Position Limits Risk: A client account’s performance depends upon how its assets
are allocated and reallocated, and an investor could lose money as a result of these allocation
decisions and related constraints. Marshfield may be subject, by applicable regulation or issuer
limitations, to restrictions on the percentage of an issuer which may be held. For purposes of
calculating positions, Marshfield may have to aggregate its positions with those of its affiliates. In
such situations, Marshfield may be limited in its ability to purchase further securities for its
clients, even if the applicable position limits is not exceeded by positions Marshfield has
purchased on behalf of its clients.
Business Continuity Risk. Marshfield has developed a Business Continuity Program (the “BCP
Program”) that is designed to minimize the impact of adverse events that affect Marshfield’s
ability to carry on normal business operations. Such adverse events include, but are not limited to,
natural disasters, outbreaks of pandemic and epidemic diseases (such as the COVID-19
pandemic), terrorism, acts of governments, any act of declared or undeclared war, power
shortages or failures, utility or communication failure or delays, shortages, and system failures or
malfunctions. While Marshfield believes the BCP Program should allow it to resume normal
business operations in a timely manner following an adverse event, there are inherent limitations
in such programs, including the possibility that the BCP Program does not anticipate all
contingencies or procedures do not work as intended. Vendors and service providers to
Marshfield may also be affected by adverse events and are subject to the same risks that their
respective business continuity plans do not cover all contingencies. In the event the BCP Program
at Marshfield or similar programs at vendors and service providers do not adequately address all
contingencies, client portfolios may be negatively affected as there may be an inability to process
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transactions, calculate net asset values, value client investments, or disruptions to trading in client
accounts. A client’s ability to recover any losses or expenses it incurs as a result of a disruption of
business operations may be limited by the liability, standard of care, and related provisions in its
contractual agreements with Marshfield and other service providers.
Call Risk: Fixed income securities will be subject to the risk that an issuer may exercise its right
to redeem a fixed income security earlier than expected (a call). Issuers may call outstanding
securities prior to their maturity for a number of reasons (e.g., declining interest rates, changes in
credit spreads, and improvements in the issuer’s credit quality). If an issuer calls a security that a
client holds, the client may not recoup the full amount of its initial investment or may not realize
the full anticipated earnings from the investment and may be forced to reinvest in lower-yielding
securities, securities with greater credit risks or securities with other, less favorable features.
Concentration Risk: A strategy that concentrates its investments in a small number of portfolio
holdings may be affected by events that adversely affect those particular holdings and the value
of a portfolio using such a strategy may fluctuate more than that of a less concentrated portfolio.
Corporate Debt Risk: Corporate debt securities are subject to the risk of the issuer’s inability to
meet principal and interest payments on the obligation and may also be subject to price volatility
due to such factors as interest rate sensitivity, market perception of the creditworthiness of the
issuer and general market liquidity. When interest rates rise, the value of corporate debt securities
can be expected to decline. Debt securities with longer maturities tend to be more sensitive to
interest rate movements than those with shorter maturities. Company defaults can impact the level
of returns generated by corporate debt securities. An unexpected default can reduce income and
the capital value of a corporate debt security. Furthermore, market expectations regarding
economic conditions and the likely number of corporate defaults may impact the value of
corporate debt securities.
Counterparty Risk: A financial institution or other counterparty with whom an investor does
business (such as trading or securities lending), or that underwrites, distributes or guarantees any
investments or contracts that an investor owns or is otherwise exposed to, may decline in
financial condition and become unable to honor its commitments. This could cause the value of
an investor’s portfolio to decline or could delay the return or delivery of collateral or other assets
to the investor.
Credit Risk: Debt obligations are subject to the risk of non-payment of scheduled principal and
interest. Changes in economic conditions or other circumstances may reduce the capacity of the
party obligated to make principal and interest payments on such instruments and may lead to
defaults. Such non-payments and defaults may reduce the value of, or income distributions from,
a client portfolio. The value of a fixed income security also may decline because of concerns
about the issuer’s ability to make principal and interest payments. In addition, the credit ratings of
debt obligations may be lowered if the financial condition of the party obligated to make
payments with respect to such instruments changes. Credit ratings assigned by rating agencies are
based on a number of factors and do not necessarily reflect the issuer’s current financial condition
or the volatility or liquidity of the security. In the event of bankruptcy of the issuer of debt
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obligations, a client portfolio could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to
realize the benefits of any collateral securing the instrument. In order to enforce its rights in the
event of a default, bankruptcy, or similar situation, a client may be required to retain legal or
similar counsel at their own expense.
Cybersecurity Risk: As technology becomes more engrained in businesses, information about
clients and Marshfield may be more susceptible to cybersecurity breaches. Cybersecurity
breaches and risks include both intentional and unintentional events and may include, but are not
limited to: third parties purposefully hacking Marshfield’s systems to access confidential client
information; attacks designed to disrupt Marshfield’s normal business operations; corruption or
destruction of data; or inadvertent disclosure by Marshfield of confidential information.
Additionally, Marshfield utilizes third parties for a variety of services, including custodians,
broker-dealers, vendors, transfer agents, and advisors. Such third parties may have access to
Marshfield’s systems or confidential information, or Marshfield may rely on the third party’s
systems to perform certain business functions. If the third party suffers a cybersecurity event,
confidential information about Marshfield’s clients may be exposed or Marshfield may not be
able to access the systems. Moreover, a security in a client’s account may decline in value if the
issuer or counterparty to such security suffers a cybersecurity event. Marshfield has adopted both
business continuity plans and a program designed to reduce the risk of cybersecurity breaches.
However, there are no guarantees that these actions will prevent cybersecurity breaches or foresee
future threats.
Data Source Risk: Marshfield subscribes to a variety of third-party data sources that are used to
evaluate, analyze, and formulate investment decisions. If a third party provides inaccurate data,
client accounts may be negatively affected. While Marshfield believes the third-party data
sources are reliable, there are no guarantees that data will be accurate.
Debt Market Risk: Economic and other events (whether real or perceived) can reduce the demand
for certain income securities or for investments generally, which may reduce market prices and
cause the value of a client portfolio to fall. The frequency and magnitude of such changes cannot
be predicted. Certain securities and other investments can experience downturns in trading
activity and, at such times, the supply of such instruments in the market may exceed the demand.
At other times, the demand for such instruments may exceed the supply in the market. An
imbalance in supply and demand in the market may result in valuation uncertainties and greater
volatility, less liquidity, wider trading spreads and a lack of price transparency in the market. No
active trading market may exist for certain investments, which may impair the ability to sell or to
realize the full value of such investments in the event of the need to liquidate such assets. Adverse
market conditions may impair the liquidity of some actively traded investments.
Equity Risk: Portfolios may be sensitive to stock market volatility and some stocks within a
client’s portfolio may be more volatile than the market as a whole. The value of stocks and
related instruments may decline in response to conditions affecting the general economy; overall
market changes; local, regional or global political, social or economic instability; and currency,
interest rate and commodity price fluctuations, as well as issuer or sector specific events. Market
conditions may affect certain types of stocks (such as large-cap or growth stocks) to a greater
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extent than other types of stocks. If the stock market declines, the value of a portfolio will also
likely decline and, although stock values can rebound, there is no assurance that values will return
to previous levels.
General Investing Risks: Most investment strategies are not intended to be a complete investment
program. All investments carry a certain amount of risk and there is no guarantee that a client
portfolio will be able to achieve its investment objective. Investors generally should have a long-
term investment perspective and be able to tolerate potentially sharp declines in value and/or
investment losses. Investment advisers, other market participants and many securities markets are
subject to rules and regulations and the jurisdiction of one or more regulators. Changes to
applicable rules and regulations could have an adverse effect on securities markets and market
participants, as well as on the ability to execute a particular investment strategy.
Government, Political, and Regulatory Risk: U.S. and foreign legislative, regulatory, and other
government actions which may include changes to regulations, the tax code, trade policy, or the
overall regulatory environment may negatively affect the value of securities within a client’s
account, or may affect Marshfield’s ability to execute its investing strategies. If compliance costs
associated with such events increase, the costs of investing may increase, negatively affecting
clients.
Interest Rate Risk: Interest rate risk is the risk that interest rates may increase, which tends to
reduce the resale value of certain debt securities, and as such the risk that the value of a portfolio
will decline because of rising interest rates. In general, debt securities will increase in value when
interest rates rise. Longer term debt securities are generally more sensitive to interest rate
changes, and thus entail greater interest rate risk. Rising interest rates may also lengthen the
duration of debt securities with call features, since exercise of the call becomes less likely as
interest rates rise, which in turn will make the securities more sensitive to changes in interest rates
and result in even steeper price declines in the event of further interest rate increases.
Issuer Diversification Risk: Strategies that focus their investments in a small number of issuers
are generally more susceptible to risks affecting such issuers than a more diversified strategy
might be.
Liquidity Risk: A client portfolio is exposed to liquidity risk when trading volume, lack of a
market maker or trading partner, large position size, market conditions, or legal restrictions
impair its ability to sell particular investments or to sell them at advantageous market prices.
Consequently, the client portfolio may have to accept a lower price to sell an investment or
continue to hold it or keep the position open, sell other investments to raise cash or give up an
investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on the portfolio’s performance.
These effects may be exacerbated during times of financial or political stress.
Market Risk: Economic and other events (whether real or perceived) can reduce the demand for
certain securities or for investments generally, which may reduce market prices and cause the
value of a client portfolio to fall. The frequency and magnitude of such changes cannot be
predicted. Certain securities can experience downturns in trading activity and, at such times, the
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supply of such instruments in the market may exceed the demand. At other times, the demand for
such instruments may exceed the supply in the market. An imbalance in supply and demand in
the market may result in valuation uncertainties and greater volatility, less liquidity, widening
credit spreads and a lack of price transparency in the market. No active trading market may exist
for certain investments, which will impair the ability of the portfolio manager to sell or to realize
the full value of such investments in the event of the need to liquidate such assets. Adverse
market conditions can impair the liquidity of some actively traded investments. COVID-19,
which originated at the end of 2019, has led to a global pandemic and has caused unprecedented
market, employment, and societal disruptions in the United States and across the world. It is
unknown how long these disruptions will last, if they may become more severe, or if they may
lead to additional geopolitical or market risk which could negatively affect markets, liquidity, and
investment valuation.
Maturity Risk: Interest rate risk will generally affect the price of a fixed income security more if
the security has a longer maturity. Fixed income securities with longer maturities will therefore
be more volatile than other fixed income securities with shorter maturities. Conversely, fixed
income securities with shorter maturities will be less volatile but generally provide lower returns
than fixed income securities with longer maturities. The average maturity of a client portfolio’s
investments will affect the volatility of the portfolio’s rate of return.
Smaller Company Risk: Smaller companies are generally subject to greater price fluctuations,
limited liquidity, higher transaction costs and higher investment risk. Such companies may have
limited product lines, markets or financial resources, and they may be dependent on a limited
management group, or lack substantial capital reserves or an established performance record.
There is generally less publicly available information about such companies than for larger, more
established companies. Securities of these companies frequently have lower trading volumes,
making them more volatile and potentially more difficult to value.
Strategy Risk: Marshfield’s strategies seek resilient companies with long-term competitive
advantages, requiring a margin of safety when making a new stock purchase and incorporating
strict price controls with respect to trades. Actual executions relating to new investment decisions
or material changes in target portfolio weightings may take place over the course of days, weeks,
months, or not at all. Accordingly, portfolios may have significant cash holdings when Marshfield
cannot find the opportunities it seeks and/or its strict price controls with respect to trades are not
met. While Marshfield believes that its willingness to hold cash during these periods is integral to
its investment process, this may result in periods of relative underperformance during high
valuation environments.
Tax Risk: The tax treatment of investments held in a client portfolio may be adversely affected by
future tax legislation, Treasury Regulations and/or guidance issued by the Internal Revenue
Service that could affect the character, timing, and/or amount of taxable income or gains
attributable to an account. Income from tax-exempt municipal obligations could be declared
taxable because of unfavorable changes in tax laws, adverse interpretations by the Internal
Revenue Service or non-compliant conduct of a bond issuer.
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U.S. Government Obligations Risk: “U.S. Government Obligations” include securities which are
issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “U.S. Treasury”), by various
agencies of the U.S. government, and by various instrumentalities which have been established or
sponsored by the U.S. government. U.S. Treasury obligations are backed by the “full faith and
credit” of the U.S. government. U.S. Treasury obligations include Treasury Bills, Treasury Notes,
and Treasury Bonds. Treasury Bills have initial maturities of one year or less; Treasury Notes
have initial maturities of one to ten years; and Treasury Bonds generally have initial maturities of
greater than ten years. Agencies and instrumentalities established by the U.S. government include
the Federal Home Loan Banks, the Federal Land Bank, the Government National Mortgage
Association, the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation, the Small Business Administration, the Bank for Cooperatives, the Federal
Intermediate Credit Bank, the Federal Financing Bank, the Federal Farm Credit Banks, the
Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation, the Resolution Funding Corporation, the Financing
Corporation of America and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Some of these securities are
supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government while others are supported only by
the credit of the agency or instrumentality, which may include the right of the issuer to borrow
from the U.S. Treasury. In the case of U.S. Government Obligations not backed by the full faith
and credit of the U.S. government, the investor must look principally to the agency or
instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, and may not be
able to assert a claim against the U.S. government itself in the event the agency or instrumentality
does not meet its commitment. U.S. Government Obligations are subject to price fluctuations
based upon changes in the level of interest rates, which will generally result in all those securities
changing in price in the same way, i.e., all those securities experiencing appreciation when
interest rates decline and depreciation when interest rates rise. Any guarantee of the U.S.
government will not extend to the yield or value of the Fund’s shares.
Item 9 - Disciplinary Information
Registered investment advisers are required to disclose all material facts regarding any legal or
disciplinary events that would be material to your evaluation of the adviser or the integrity of the
adviser’s management. We are not aware of any legal or disciplinary events that would be
material to your evaluation of Marshfield or its management.
Item 10 - Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Marshfield is the investment adviser to the Marshfield Concentrated Opportunity Fund (the
“Fund”), which is a separate series of Ultimus Managers Trust, an open-end management
investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Marshfield has
overall supervisory responsibility for the general management of the Fund’s securities portfolio,
and the Fund is managed according to the same investment philosophy and discipline as our Core
Value Equity Strategy discussed in Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk
of Loss above. Marshfield does not believe that this relationship creates a material conflict of
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interest for Marshfield. See Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
above for a description of how we generally address conflicts relating to managing accounts with
similar strategies.
Item 11 - Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client
Transactions and Personal Trading
Marshfield has adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Code of Ethics”) pursuant to Rule 204A-1 under
the Advisers Act. Rule 204A-1 requires us to establish, maintain and enforce a written code of
ethics that (i) sets the standard of business conduct that we require of our employees, (ii) requires
personnel to comply with applicable federal securities laws, and (iii) contains provisions
regulating personal securities transactions by personnel. Marshfield’s personnel are required to
certify their compliance with the Code of Ethics upon the commencement of their employment
and at least annually thereafter.
The Code of Ethics also governs personal trading activities by personnel and their immediate
family members living in the same household. The Code of Ethics requires Marshfield personnel
to report all personal trades in reportable securities on at least a quarterly basis and to provide
initial and annual holdings reports to the Chief Compliance Officer or his designee. Subject to
limited exceptions as described in our Code of Ethics, personnel are required to pre-clear all
investments in individual publicly traded stocks or corporate bonds, initial public offerings, and
limited private offerings. The Chief Compliance Officer monitors Marshfield personnel’s
personal trading activity to ensure that transactions have been executed in accordance with the
Code of Ethics and relevant rules and regulations and will evaluate any potential conflicts of
interest prior to pre-clearing any personal investments.
Designated employees of Marshfield (“Key Employees”) are required to invest material amounts
in the same equity securities that Marshfield invests in on behalf of its clients via its Core Value
Equity Strategy. Furthermore, Key Employees who are also principals of the firm are prohibited
from purchasing or holding any individual publicly traded stock or corporate bond in their
personal accounts that are not also held by Marshfield’s clients (with limited, temporary
exceptions for securities that were inherited, spun out, or held prior to becoming a principal). We
believe that it is important to align the personal investment interests of our Key Employees with
those of our clients, but we also believe that our clients’ transactions should take priority.
Accordingly, for orders that are the result of a new investment decision made by Marshfield,
purchases and sales by Key Employees take place after transactions for other clients are
completed. For routine maintenance trades (trades that are not the result of a new investment
decision but rather for other reasons such as the opening or closing of a client account, new cash
inflows or outflows to an existing account, client-requested rebalances, etc.), Key Employee
trades may be executed after client transactions are completed or aggregated with client
transactions, as the situation warrants.
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In addition to restrictions on personal trading, Marshfield also maintains policies and procedures
that address and place limits on the giving and receiving of gifts and entertainment, the making of
political contributions, service on outside boards of directors, and other outside business activities
that could give rise to potential conflicts of interest. Finally, Marshfield also maintains insider
trading policies and procedures that are designed to prevent the misuse of material, non-public
information. A copy of Marshfield’s Code of Ethics is available to clients and prospective clients
upon request.
Item 12 - Brokerage Practices
Marshfield determines which securities are bought or sold for an account, the amount of such
securities and the timing of the purchases and sales, the broker through which transactions are
effected, and the commission rates or spreads paid, except as specifically directed by the client.
Our discretion in those matters, however, is limited by our responsibility to act in the best interest
of our clients in fulfilling their investment objectives.
Selection of Broker-Dealers
Marshfield seeks to obtain the best overall execution when selecting broker-dealers for client
portfolio transactions. In seeking the best overall execution, Marshfield will use its best judgment
in evaluating the terms of a transaction and will consider relevant factors including but not
limited to the:
• general execution and operational capabilities of the broker-dealer firm;
• amount of the commission or spread, if any;
• reputation, reliability, experience, and financial condition of the firm;
• responsiveness of the broker-dealer to Marshfield;
• value and quality of the services rendered by the firm in other transactions;
• size and type of the transaction;
• nature and character of the market for the security; and
• confidentiality, speed, and certainty of effective execution required for the transaction.
The determining factor in seeking best execution is not the lowest possible commission cost, but
whether the transaction represents the best overall execution for the client. Further, in the case
where a firm bundles research services with its execution services, Marshfield may consider the
receipt of research services provided it does not compromise the selection of best overall
execution. See Soft Dollar Practices / Research Benefits below for additional information about
brokerage and research services received by Marshfield.
Marshfield has implemented a series of internal controls and procedures, including the
establishment of a Trade Management Oversight Committee, to monitor and evaluate the overall
performance of the broker-dealers that execute transactions for clients and to generally oversee
the firm’s brokerage practices. The Trade Management Oversight Committee is a multi-function
committee comprised of personnel from multiple departments within the firm.
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Brokerage Commissions
Transactions on stock exchanges and other agency transactions involve the payment by the client
of negotiated brokerage commissions. Such commissions vary among different broker-dealer
firms, and a particular broker-dealer often charges different commissions according to such
factors as the difficulty and size of the transaction and the volume transacted by the client with
the broker-dealer. In certain instances, securities traded in the over-the-counter markets have no
stated commission, and the price paid or received by the client includes an undisclosed dealer
markup or markdown. In an underwritten offering, the price paid by the client includes a
disclosed fixed commission or discount retained by the underwriter or dealer.
Fixed income securities purchased and sold for clients are traded in the over-the-counter market
through broker-dealers. Such firms attempt to profit from these transactions by buying at the bid
and selling at the higher asked price of the market for such obligations, and the difference
between the bid and the asked price is customarily referred to as the spread. Marshfield uses its
best efforts to obtain execution at prices that are advantageous to the client. Fixed income
securities may also be purchased from underwriters and dealers in fixed price offerings, the cost
of which may include undisclosed fees and concessions received by the underwriters.
Commission rates are determined by Marshfield through our brokerage selection process to be
reasonable in relation to the value of the services provided. However, our clients may not realize
the lowest possible commission rates as our determination process considers the additional factors
outlined above.
Soft Dollars Practices / Research Benefits
Marshfield does not participate in any formal or informal “soft dollar” practices or arrangements
or otherwise maintain soft dollar targets with its brokerage counterparties. Soft dollar practices or
arrangements refer to the practice of an investment manager paying broker-dealers for investment
research and other brokerage services, either provided directly by the executing broker-dealer
(proprietary research) or by others (third-party research), using commission dollars generated by
client transactions. Marshfield does, however, receive proprietary and/or third-party research
from its brokerage counterparties as permitted under Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 (“Section 28(e)”). Pursuant to Section 28(e), investment managers are allowed to allocate
brokerage transactions and to pay for brokerage and research services through higher commission
costs. This allows for a bundled transaction fee which includes both execution and research costs,
so long as the overall cost is commensurate with the value of research or services received and
such services provide lawful and appropriate assistance in the performance of the investment
decision-making responsibilities. Marshfield may direct trades to broker-dealers and other
brokerage counterparties that furnish proprietary and/or third-party research (whether solicited by
Marshfield or provided to us unsolicited) and other services consistent with Section 28(e).
Research at Marshfield is typically conducted in-house by our research team, but when we
receive proprietary and/or third-party research from a brokerage counterparty (whether solicited
or unsolicited) it is a benefit to us because we do not have to produce or pay (with our own assets,
or “hard dollars”) for this research. As such, we may have an incentive to direct trades to specific
broker-dealers based on our interest in receiving the research, rather than on our clients’ interest
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in receiving a most favorable execution. To the extent that Marshfield uses research received
from a brokerage counterparty, the research is used to benefit all client accounts and not just the
accounts that were traded with the counterparty who provided the research. Within our last fiscal
year, Marshfield received proprietary research from its trading counterparties, including
information such as economic reports, statistical information, and analyses of particular
companies or industries prepared by the counterparty's analysts.
Client Directed Brokerage
Upon written request from clients, security transactions from an account may be directed to
specific brokerage firms. Client direction may be to a broker-dealer that provides commission
recapture benefits. A commission recapture program generally permits a client to receive benefits
(including cash rebates, products, services, and expense payments and reimbursements) from
broker-dealers in connection with the client’s transactions. In the event that a client directs us to
use a particular broker-dealer, the client will be responsible for negotiating the commission rates
with such firm or firms, and such negotiation may result in higher commissions than would have
been paid if Marshfield had full discretion in the selection of broker-dealer firms. In addition,
these direction requests may prevent the directed account from participating in the allocation of a
larger simultaneous order. Marshfield believes such directed accounts may lose the possible
advantage that non-directed clients derive from aggregation of orders for multiple clients.
Specifically, directing Marshfield trades through a specific firm or firms may affect the timeliness
of executions for the directed accounts and may also result in a less advantageous price being
realized by the account.
Marshfield’s policy is to seek execution of portfolio transactions at prices that are advantageous
to our clients as a whole and at commission rates that are competitive, taking into account the full
range and quality of an executing broker-dealer firm’s services. This process of weighing the
interests of each Marshfield client may result in the trade orders for directed accounts (including
accounts managed in wrap fee programs) being placed after completion of non-directed orders to
avoid conflicts in the trading marketplace. In addition, client directed brokerage on behalf of
employee benefit plan clients might be subject to special requirements under the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.
Trade Order Aggregation and Allocation
Orders for the same security entered on behalf of more than one client will generally be
aggregated pursuant to Marshfield’s trade aggregation policy. Marshfield typically includes strict
price controls with respect to its aggregated trades, and actual executions relating to these trades
may be executed over the course of days, weeks, or months (or in some instances not all). Clients
participating in an aggregated order receive the same average execution price and, if applicable,
pay a pro rata portion of commissions and other expenses charged by the brokerage counterparty.
Transactions are typically aggregated when possible to seek a more advantageous net price and/or
to obtain better execution for all participating clients. Marshfield’s allocation procedures seek to
allocate investment opportunities among clients/portfolios in the fairest possible way taking into
account clients’ best interests. Marshfield will follow procedures to ensure that allocations do not
involve a practice of favoring or discriminating against any client or group of clients. Account
performance or compensation is never a factor in trade allocations.
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Wrap Fee and Model Delivery Programs
Marshfield provides discretionary investment management services to wrap fee programs
sponsored by unaffiliated broker-dealers, investment advisers and other financial institutions.
While Marshfield may have discretion to select broker-dealers other than the wrap fee program
sponsor to execute trades for their program clients, equity trades executed away from the program
sponsor or its designated broker may result in additional commissions and/or other fees being
charged to the program client. Accordingly, Marshfield will generally execute trades in liquid,
publicly traded equity securities through the wrap fee program sponsor or its designated broker.
Marshfield endeavors to treat all wrap fee program accounts fairly and equitably over time in the
execution of client orders. When appropriate, trade rotation among these and other directed
accounts will be determined in accordance with Marshfield’s policies in an attempt to treat all
client accounts fairly and equitably over time.
Marshfield provides non-discretionary investment advice through model portfolio delivery
programs sponsored by unaffiliated broker-dealers, investment advisers or other financial
institutions. As noted in Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
above, Marshfield typically includes strict price controls with respect to its trades, and actual
executions relating to new investment decisions or material changes in target portfolio weightings
may take place over the course of days, weeks, or months (or in some instances not at all).
Accordingly, Marshfield provides model portfolio updates based on the actual holdings within the
Marshfield composite account that serves as the applicable model rather than on interim target or
intended portfolio weightings, which may or may not ever be reached. As a result, updates to
model programs will typically be delivered to program sponsors after trades have been executed
within discretionary account relationships.
Trade Errors
On occasion, Marshfield may make an error in executing securities transactions for a client
account. For example, a security may be erroneously purchased for an account instead of sold, or
a trade may be entered for an incorrect number of shares. In these situations, Marshfield generally
seeks to rectify the error by placing the client’s account in a similar position as it would have
been if there had been no error. Depending on the circumstances, and subject to applicable legal
and contractual requirements, various corrective steps may be taken, including canceling the
trade, correcting an allocation, taking the trade into Marshfield’s trade error account, and/or
reimbursing the client account for losses incurred.
Item 13 - Review of Accounts
The frequency and nature of the review of client accounts and the factors that may trigger reviews
can vary widely depending upon the client’s investment objectives and circumstances and upon
the complexity, portfolio structure, and size of an account. Various groups within the firm,
including client service, trading, and compliance, coordinate to monitor and manage all client
accounts. At least quarterly, portfolios are reviewed for conformity to Marshfield’s investment
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policies and, as applicable, adherence to clients’ written investment guidelines and/or restrictions.
However, interim reviews of varying degrees may be triggered by numerous factors, such as
significant equity price or interest rate changes, new economic forecasts, asset additions to or
deletions from the portfolio by the client, and/or changes in a client’s objectives, instructions, or
circumstances.
Client service professionals also have responsibilities in new business development. The number
of accounts assigned to client service professionals varies depending upon an individual’s other
responsibilities within Marshfield or upon the complexity, size, discretion level, or other
circumstances of the particular client accounts involved.
For wrap fee program accounts, the wrap fee program sponsors’ representatives are generally
responsible for reviewing accounts with their clients, although clients may, in some instances and
depending on the nature of the relationship, communicate directly with Marshfield personnel .
For model portfolio accounts, the model program sponsors’ representatives are responsible for
reviewing accounts with their clients.
Unless otherwise agreed in writing, Marshfield provides written quarterly holdings and
performance reports to its SMA and dual contract wrap program clients.
Item 14 - Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Marshfield has entered into written solicitation agreements with qualified parties for the
solicitation of accounts, in accordance with applicable rules under the Advisers Act.
Compensation for these services is detailed in each agreement, and clients introduced to
Marshfield through a solicitor receive a solicitation disclosure document with details of the
solicitation agreement and the calculation methodology of the compensation that the solicitor will
receive. All solicitation or referral fees paid by Marshfield under these agreements are included in
the investment advisory fees paid by the client and no additional charges are added to cover these
fees.
Item 15 - Custody
Clients must utilize a qualified custodian, such as a brokerage firm, bank, or trust company, to
safeguard their funds and securities. Marshfield does not maintain physical custody of client
assets but is deemed to have custody of client assets in situations where it can deduct advisory
fees from custodian accounts. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, uninvested cash is held in a
sweep account operated and maintained by the custodian chosen by the client. Marshfield
understands that interest paid on custodial sweep account products varies from custodian to
custodian, and clients may wish to consider this when choosing a custodian.
Marshfield understands that clients receive quarterly, or more frequent, account statements
directly from their qualified custodian. Marshfield urges clients to carefully review such
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statements and to compare these official custodial records to the account statements that
Marshfield provides quarterly. Marshfield's statements may vary from custodial statements based
on accounting procedures, reporting dates, or valuation methodologies of certain securities.
Item 16 - Investment Discretion
Marshfield ordinarily manages client accounts on a discretionary basis and receives discretionary
authority from the client at the outset of an advisory relationship. In all cases, such discretion is to
be exercised in a manner consistent with the stated investment objectives, policies, limitations,
and restrictions for the particular client account. A client may, with Marshfield’s consent, impose
limited restrictions on investments in certain securities or types of securities in its account. These
limitations or restrictions are negotiated individually with each client at the time the investment
advisory agreement is signed and may be modified by the client by notifying Marshfield in
writing. Marshfield may be unable to accommodate certain investment limitations or restrictions
sought by a client.
For registered investment companies, Marshfield is subject to any applicable investment
restrictions adopted by the funds and the ongoing oversight of each fund’s Board of Trustees or
other governing body.
Item 17 - Voting Client Securities
Clients may designate Marshfield as the party responsible for voting proxies solicited by, or with
respect to, the issues of securities held in their account. Marshfield’s policies and procedures for
voting proxies are summarized as follows:
• Marshfield typically abstains from voting proxies unless (i) otherwise instructed by its
clients, (ii) required to vote by law or regulation, or (iii) the firm disagrees with (a) a
material management proposal (or opposition to a dissident proposal) or (b) a material
voting recommendation broadly issued by its independent proxy voting consultant,
including to other institutional investors, upon a key voting matter.
• When proxy votes are cast, Marshfield will do so in accordance with general voting
guidelines, taking into consideration all relevant facts and circumstances at the time of
the vote including any recommendation received from its independent proxy voting
consultant, in accordance with the best interests of clients as Marshfield shall determine
in its sole discretion. As the quality and depth of management is a primary factor
considered when investing in a company, the recommendations of management on any
issue will be given substantial weight. When voting, votes will generally be cast in favor
of proposals that maintain or strengthen the shared interests of shareholders and
management, increase shareholder value, maintain or increase shareholder influence over
the issuer's board of directors and management, and maintain or increase the rights of
shareholders.
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• Clients may, with Marshfield’s consent, direct Marshfield on how to vote their proxies on
specific matters or furnish guidelines according to which Marshfield will vote their
proxies.
• Marshfield will not be responsible for voting proxies, issuing consents, or exercising
other similar rights associated with any securities held in client accounts for which
Marshfield does not exercise investment discretion.
Marshfield monitors for situations that may result in a conflict of interest between Marshfield and
its clients. If Marshfield determines that there is or may reasonably be a conflict between
Marshfield and a client with respect to a proxy vote, Marshfield will either vote the proxy in
accordance with the recommendation received from its independent proxy voting consultant or
abstain from voting the proxy if Marshfield reasonably believes that this is in the best interest of
the client. If no recommendation is available, Marshfield will refer the vote back to the client,
disclosing the conflict of interest and asking the client to provide instructions on how to vote.
Marshfield will then vote the proxy according to the direction, if any, received from the client.
Upon request, Marshfield will provide to any client at no cost a copy of its full proxy voting
policies and procedures and information regarding how such client's proxies have been voted in
the past. Clients wishing to receive this information should contact Marshfield at 202-828-6200
during normal business hours.
Class Actions and Other Litigation Matters
As a matter of policy, Marshfield disclaims any responsibility or obligation to monitor for the
initiation of any class action or other litigation matters concerning any past or current holdings of
client accounts. Marshfield also disclaims any responsibility or obligation to issue advice or to
prepare, file, or otherwise process proofs of claim or settlement elections regarding any such
litigation matters, other than to confirm, upon client request, past account holdings of specific
securities. Should Marshfield receive any notices or other communications regarding a litigation
matter from a client (as opposed to an account custodian, claim administrator, actual or
prospective “lead plaintiff,” or any other third party) it will, subject to reasonably adequate
advance notice, gather and forward to the client all requisite information in our possession so the
client can make any filing or election it wishes in the matter.
Item 18 - Financial Information
Registered investment advisers are required in this Item to provide certain financial information
or disclosures about their financial condition. Marshfield has no financial commitments that
impair its ability to meet its contractual and fiduciary commitments to clients and has not been the
subject of any bankruptcy proceedings.
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