MODUS ADVISORS, LLC

Item 1: Cover Page Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure October 23, 2025 Modus Advisors, LLC 23505 Smithtown Road, #290 Excelsior, MN 55331 www.modusadvisors.com Firm Contact: Tad Weiss Chief Compliance Officer This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Modus Advisors, LLC. If clients have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at (952) 946- 1000. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any State Securities Authority. Additional information about our firm is also available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov by searching CRD #291204. Please note that the use of the term “registered investment adviser” and description of our firm and/or our associates as “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training. Clients are encouraged to review this Brochure and Brochure Supplements for our firm’s associates who advise clients for more information on the qualifications of our firm and our employees.  Item 2: Material Changes Modus Advisors, LLC is required to make clients aware of information that has changed since the last annual update to the Firm Brochure (“Brochure”) and that may be important to them. Clients can then determine whether to review the brochure in its entirety or to contact us with questions about the changes. Since our last amendment was filed on 03/20/2025, we have updated Item 17 of our brochure to reflect that we do not accept the proxy authority to vote client securities, and we do not offer advice regarding corporate actions and the exercise of proxy voting rights and/or materials. Clients will receive proxies or other solicitations directly from their custodian or a transfer agent. In the event that proxies are sent to our firm, our firm will forward them to the appropriate client and ask the party who sent them to mail them directly to the client in the future. Certain independent investment managers under the Schwab Managed Account Program may vote proxies for clients. Please reference the disclosure brochure for each manager selected for more information. ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 2 Modus Advisors, LLC  Item 3: Table of Contents Item 1: Cover Page Item 2: Material Changes ................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Item 3: Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Item 5: Fees & Compensation ................................................................................................................................................... 3 Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements ................................................................ 10 Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss ........................................................................................... 10 Item 9: Disciplinary Information ........................................................ 11 Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations ............................................................................................................................... 22 Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation, or Interest in ......................................................................... 22 Item 12: Brokerage Practices ...................................................................................... 22 Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans ...................................................................................................................................... 23 Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation ................................................................................................ 27 Item 15: Custody ............................................................................................. 28 Item 16: Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................................................................. 28 Item 17: Voting Client Securities .................................................................................................................................. 29 Item 18: Financial Information ................................................................................................................................ 29 ................................................................................................................................... 30 ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 3 Modus Advisors, LLC  Item 4: Advisory Business Our firm provides individuals and other types of clients with a wide array of investment advisory services. Our firm is a limited liability company formed under the laws of the State of Minnesota in 2008 and has been in business as an investment adviser since 2018. Our firm’s principal owners are Tad Weiss and Kari Haanstad; Margaret Swanson and Peter Weiss are minority owners. The purpose of this Brochure is to disclose the conflicts of interest associated with the investment transactions, compensation, and any other matters related to investment decisions made by our firm or its representatives. As a fiduciary, it is our duty to always act in the client’s best interest. This is accomplished in part by knowing our client. Our firm has established a service-oriented advisory practice with open lines of communication for many different types of clients to help meet their financial goals while remaining sensitive to risk tolerance and time horizons. Working with clients to understand their investment objectives while educating them about our process facilitates the kind of working relationship we value. Types of Advisory Services Offered Asset Management: As part of our Asset Management service, a portfolio is created, consisting of individual stocks, bonds, exchange traded funds (“ETFs”), options, mutual funds, and other public and private securities or investments. The client’s individual investment strategy is tailored to their specific needs and may include some or all of the previously mentioned securities. Portfolios will be designed to meet a particular investment goal, determined to be suitable for the client’s circumstances. Once the appropriate portfolio has been determined, portfolios are continuously and regularly monitored, and if necessary, rebalanced based upon the client’s individual needs, stated goals, and objectives. Our firm may utilize the sub- advisory services of a third-party investment advisory firm or individual advisor to aid in the implementation of an investment portfolio designed by our firm. Before selecting a firm or individual, our firm will ensure that the chosen party is properly licensed or registered. Comprehensive Portfolio Management: As part of our Comprehensive Portfolio Management service, clients will be provided with asset management and financial planning or consulting services. This service is designed to assist clients in meeting their financial goals through the use of a financial plan or consultation. Our firm conducts client meetings to understand their current financial situation, existing resources, financial goals, and tolerance for risk. Based on what is learned, an investment approach is presented to the client, consisting of individual stocks, bonds, ETFs, options, mutual funds, and other public and private securities or investments. Once the appropriate portfolio has been determined, portfolios are continuously and regularly monitored, and if necessary, rebalanced based upon the client’s individual needs, stated goals, and objectives. Upon client request, our firm provides a summary of observations and recommendations for the planning or consulting aspects of this service. Our firm may utilize the sub-advisory services of a third-party investment advisory firm or individual advisor to aid in the implementation of an investment portfolio designed by our firm. Before selecting a firm or individual, our firm will ensure that the chosen party is properly licensed or registered. ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 4 Modus Advisors, LLC  Financial Planning & Consulting: Our firm provides a variety of standalone financial planning and consulting services to clients for the management of financial resources based upon an analysis of the current situation, goals, and objectives. Financial planning services will typically involve preparing a financial plan or rendering a financial consultation for clients based on the client’s financial goals and objectives. This planning or consulting may encompass Investment Planning, Retirement Planning, Estate Planning, Charitable Planning, Education Planning, Corporate and Personal Tax Planning, Cost Segregation Study, Corporate Structure, Real Estate Analysis, Mortgage/Debt Analysis, Insurance Analysis, Lines of Credit Evaluation, or Business and Personal Financial Planning. Written financial plans or financial consultations rendered to clients usually include general recommendations for a course of activity or specific actions to be taken by the clients. Implementation of the recommendations will be at the discretion of the client. Our firm provides clients with a summary of their financial situation and observations for financial planning engagements. Financial consultations are not typically accompanied by a written summary of observations and recommendations, as the process is less formal than the planning service. Assuming that all the information and documents requested from the client are provided promptly, plans or consultations are typically completed within 6 months of the client signing a contract with our firm. Retirement Plan Consulting: Our firm provides retirement plan consulting services to employer plan sponsors on an ongoing basis. Generally, such consulting services consist of assisting employer plan sponsors in establishing, monitoring, and reviewing their company's participant-directed retirement plan. As the needs of the plan sponsor dictate, areas of advising could include investment options, plan structure, and participant education. Retirement Plan Consulting services typically include: • Establishing an Investment Policy Statement • – Our firm will work with the Plan Sponsor to evaluate existing • – Our firm will assist in the development of a statement that summarizes the investment goals and objectives, along with the broad Investment Options strategies to be employed to meet the objectives. Investment Monitoring investment options and make recommendations for appropriate changes. – Our firm will monitor the performance of the investments and notify the client in the event of over- or underperformance and in times of market volatility. In providing services for retirement plan consulting, our firm does not provide any advisory services with respect to the following types of assets: employer securities, real estate (excluding real estate funds and publicly traded REITS), participant loans, non-publicly traded securities or assets, other illiquid investments, or brokerage window programs (collectively, “Excluded Assets”). All retirement plan consulting services shall be in compliance with the applicable state laws regulating retirement consulting services. This applies to client accounts that are retirement or other employee benefit plans (“Plan”) governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”). If the client accounts are part of a Plan, and our firm accepts an appointment to provide services to such accounts, our firm acknowledges its fiduciary standard within the meaning of Section 3(21) or 3(38) of ERISA as designated by the Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement with respect to the provision of services described therein. Separately Managed Account Services (“SMA”): We participate in the Schwab Managed Account Program and offer separately managed accounts from ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 5 Modus Advisors, LLC  the Managed Account Select and Managed Account Access programs. These Schwab programs allow access to independent money management firms offered by the Schwab Advisor Services division of Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. (“Schwab”). Our firm performs management searches of various investment managers. Based on the client's individual circumstances, we determine which selected manager's portfolio management style is appropriate for that client. Factors considered in making this determination include account size, risk tolerance, the objectives of each client, and the investment philosophy of the selected manager. Clients should refer to the manager's Firm Brochure or other disclosure document for a full description of the services offered. We will furnish a copy of the disclosure brochures for each manager selected. We will recommend one or more managers who will manage the client's account on a discretionary basis. On an ongoing basis, we monitor the performance of the manager(s). • Managed Account Access (“Access”) Managed Account Access allows clients to work with an array of money managers and conduct their own research within a bundled fee program. Schwab’s fees are charged in addition to fees charged by our firm. Access provides money manager services and Schwab’s brokerage and custody services for a simple, asset-based fee, and with streamlined paperwork. Features include single contract structure, low account minimums, bundled fees, manager and strategy flexibility and variety, performance reporting, and managed account tools and resources. Access to managers in this program is offered at the following account levels: $100,000 for Stock/Equity Managers and $250,000 for Bond/Fixed Income Managers. Some money managers may have a higher account minimum. • Managed Account Marketplace (“Marketplace”) We participate in the Schwab Connection Marketplace program for certain larger clients. The services provided are “unbundled,” meaning fees for asset management and fees for trading are charged separately, in addition to the fees charged by our firm. The fees for asset management with the money management firm are negotiated with the individual manager by our firm on behalf of the Client and are based on the total assets with that manager included in the program and the type of management services (equity or fixed income) provided. Execution of security transactions may be paid in one of two ways: (1) A percentage of assets based on pricing schedules set by Schwab that are determined by trade volume for an individual money manager, or (2) On a transaction basis, where each transaction is charged a commission as negotiated with Schwab. It may be possible for a client to use Marketplace and receive the same research services and benefits (subject to internal restrictions identified earlier) for a lower fee than available under the Select program. The bundled fees charged for the Select program may be higher than the “unbundled fees” charged under Marketplace because of the initial and ongoing due diligence provided by the Schwab Center for Financial Research and pricing set by the money management firms for each program. • Schwab Intelligent Portfolios™ (“SIP”) Schwab Intelligent Portfolios™ is an advisory program sponsored by Schwab Wealth Investment Advisory, Inc. (“SWIA”). SWIA is registered as an investment advisor under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Charles Schwab ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 6 Modus Advisors, LLC  Corporation (“CSCorp”), which is a Delaware corporation that is publicly traded and listed on the NASDAQ (symbol: SCHW). Currently, SWIA does not provide investment advisory services outside of SIP. SIP is an automated investment advisory service. This technology builds, monitors and rebalances portfolios. SIP offers clients investment strategies that consist of diversified portfolios of ETFs in a single account that is managed on a discretionary basis. The investment strategies include an allocation to the SIP Sweep Program (the “Sweep Allocation”). To build and manage portfolios, SIP uses an advanced algorithm and the professional insight of the Charles Schwab Investment Advisory, Inc. (“CSIA”) team. Clients will get a diversified portfolio composed of low- cost ETFs—all handpicked by the CSIA team. Portfolios include up to 20 asset classes across stocks, fixed income, real estate, and commodities, as well as an FDIC-insured cash component for diversification. After the ETFs are chosen, the CSIA monitors the performance on an ongoing basis to make sure the ETFs continue to provide consistency and diversity. SIP monitors client portfolios with daily check-ins and, if clients maintain a balance of at least $5,000, automatically rebalances across up to 20 asset classes to keep investments consistent with the selected risk profile. With a SIP account of $50,000 or more, tax-loss harvesting can be handled automatically once clients enroll in this service. The cash allocation in SIP will be accomplished through enrollment in the Sweep Allocation. By enrolling in SIP, clients consent to having the free credit balances in their SIP brokerage accounts swept to deposit accounts at Charles Schwab Bank through the Sweep Program. Schwab Bank is an FDIC-insured depository institution affiliated with SWIA, Schwab and CSIA. Deposit balances held in the Sweep Program at Schwab Bank are eligible for FDIC insurance up to allowable limits. Schwab acts as the qualified custodian for SIP accounts and provides trade execution and related services for SIP accounts. CSIA and Schwab are affiliates of SWIA. SIP is only offered online through an interactive website and mobile application. Clients can communicate with SWIA and Schwab via electronic channels. Tailoring of Advisory Services Our firm offers individualized investment advice to our Asset Management and Comprehensive Portfolio Management clients. General investment advice will be offered to our Financial Planning & Consulting and Retirement Plan Consulting clients. Each Asset Management and Comprehensive Portfolio Management client may place reasonable restrictions on the types of investments to be held in the portfolio. Restrictions on investments in certain securities or types of securities may not be possible due to the level of difficulty this would entail in managing the account. Participation in Wrap Fee Programs Our firm does not offer or sponsor a wrap fee program. Regulatory Assets Under Management As of December 31, 2024, our firm managed $501823893 on a discretionary basis and $12163561 on a non-discretionary basis for a total of $513987454 in regulatory assets under management. ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 7 Modus Advisors, LLC  Item 5: Fees & Compensation Compensation for Our Advisory Services Asset Management: The maximum annual fee charged for this service will not exceed 1.20%. Fees to be assessed will be outlined in the advisory agreement to be signed by the Client. Annualized fees are billed on a pro- rata basis monthly or quarterly in advance based on the value of the account(s) on the last day of the previous month or quarter, as applicable. Mutual Fund investments held with American Funds are billed in quarterly arrears. Fees are negotiable and will be deducted from client account(s). Adjustments will be made for deposits and withdrawals during the quarter. Our firm bills on cash unless otherwise noted in writing. In rare cases, our firm will agree to directly invoice. As part of this process, Clients understand the following: a) b) c) The client’s independent custodian sends statements at least quarterly showing the market values for each security included in the Assets and all account disbursements, including the amount of the advisory fees paid to our firm; Clients will provide authorization permitting our firm to be directly paid by these terms. Our firm will send an invoice directly to the custodian; and If our firm sends a copy of our invoice to the client, a legend urging the comparison of information provided in our statement with that from the qualified custodian will be included. For the sub-advisory services rendered to our clients, our firm compensates third-party investment advisory firms or individual advisors a percentage of the overall investment advisory fee charged by our firm. The advisory fee paid shall not exceed the fee published for this service. The terms and conditions under which the client shall engage the third-party investment advisory firm or individual advisors shall be set forth in a separate agreement between the client and the designated third party. Comprehensive Portfolio Management: The maximum annual fee charged for this service will not exceed 1.25%. Fees to be assessed will be outlined in the advisory agreement to be signed by the Client. Annualized fees are billed on a pro rata basis monthly or quarterly in advance based on the value of the account(s) on the last day of the previous month or quarter, as applicable. Mutual Fund investments held with American Funds are billed in quarterly arrears. Fees are negotiable and will be deducted from client account(s). Adjustments will be made for deposits and withdrawals during the quarter. Our firm bills on cash unless otherwise noted in writing. In rare cases, our firm will agree to directly invoice. As part of this process, Clients understand the following: a) b) The client’s independent custodian sends statements at least quarterly showing the market values for each security included in the Assets and all account disbursements, including the amount of the advisory fees paid to our firm; Clients will provide authorization permitting our firm to be directly paid by these terms. Our firm will send an invoice directly to the custodian; and ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 8 Modus Advisors, LLC  c) If our firm sends a copy of our invoice to the client, a legend urging the comparison of information provided in our statement with that from the qualified custodian will be included. For the sub-advisory services rendered to our clients, our firm compensates third party investment advisory firms or individual advisors a percentage of the overall investment advisory fee charged by our firm. The advisory fee paid shall not exceed the fee published for this service. The terms and conditions under which the client shall engage the third-party investment advisory firm or individual advisors shall be set forth in a separate agreement between the client and the designated third party. Financial Planning & Consulting: Our firm charges on an hourly or flat fee basis for financial planning and consulting services. The total estimated fee, as well as the ultimate fee charged, is based on the scope and complexity of our engagement with the client. The maximum hourly fee to be charged will not exceed $300. Flat fees range from $1,000 to $10,000. Our firm requires a retainer of 50% of the ultimate financial planning or consulting fee at the time of signing. The remainder of the fee will be directly billed to the client and due upon delivery of the financial plan or consultation. Our firm will not require a retainer exceeding $1,200 when services cannot be rendered within 6 months. Retirement Plan Consulting: Our firm charges a fee based on the percentage of Plan assets under management for our Retirement Plan Consulting service. The total estimated fee, as well as the ultimate fee charged, is based on the scope and complexity of our engagement with the client. The maximum annual fee charged for this service will not exceed 1.00%. The fee-paying arrangements will be determined on a case-by-case basis and will be detailed in the signed consulting agreement. Separately Managed Account Services: Depending on the service utilized, program fees for the SMA services may be up to 3.00%. To calculate your SMA program fee, Schwab multiplies the actual daily balance of your account by the daily pro rata portion of the annual rate and then adds together the fees for each day of the month. The program fee is billed to your account monthly, which may result in your paying a higher fee on an annual basis than the annual rate due to the effects of compounding. Our asset management fee is charged pro-rata quarterly in advance based on the value of your account on the last day of the previous quarter. Other Types of Fees & Expenses Clients will incur transaction charges for trades executed by their chosen custodian via individual transaction charges. These transaction fees are separate from our firm’s advisory fees and will be disclosed by the chosen custodian. Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) does not charge transaction fees for U.S.-listed equities and exchange traded funds. Clients may also pay holdings charges imposed by the chosen custodian for certain investments, charges imposed directly by a mutual fund, index fund, or exchange traded fund, which shall be disclosed in the fund’s prospectus (e.g., fund management fees, distribution fees, surrender charges, variable annuity fees, IRA and qualified retirement plan fees, mark-ups and mark-downs, spreads paid to market makers, fees for trades executed away from custodian, wire transfer fees and other fees ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 9 Modus Advisors, LLC  and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities transactions ). Our firm does not receive a portion of these fees. Termination & Refunds Either party may terminate the advisory agreement signed with our firm for Asset Management and Comprehensive Portfolio Management services in writing at any time. Upon notice of termination, our firm will process a pro-rata refund of the unearned portion of the advisory fees charged in advance. Financial Planning & Consulting clients may terminate their agreement at any time before the delivery of a financial plan by providing written notice. For purposes of calculating refunds, all work performed by us up to the point of termination shall be calculated at the hourly fee currently in effect. Clients will receive a pro-rata refund of unearned fees based on the time and effort expended by our firm. Either party to a Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement may terminate at any time by providing written notice to the other party. Full refunds will only be made in cases where cancellation occurs within 5 business days of signing an agreement. After 5 business days from initial signing, either party must provide the other party with 30 days' written notice to terminate billing. Billing will terminate 30 days after receipt of the termination notice. Clients will be charged on a pro-rata basis, which takes into account work completed by our firm on behalf of the client. Clients will incur charges for bona fide advisory services rendered up to the point of termination (determined as 30 days from receipt of said written notice), and such fees will be due and payable. Commissionable Securities Sales Our firm and representatives do not sell securities for a commission in advisory accounts. Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management Our firm does not charge performance-based fees. Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements Our firm has the following types of clients: • • • • Individuals and High Net Worth Individuals; & Trusts, Estates, or Charitable Organizations Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans; Corporations, Limited Liability Companies, and/or Other Business Types Our requirements for opening and maintaining accounts or otherwise engaging us: ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 10 Modus Advisors, LLC  • Our firm requires a minimum account balance of $250,000 for our Asset Management and Comprehensive Portfolio Management services. Generally, this minimum account balance requirement is not negotiable and would be required throughout the course of the client’s relationship with our firm. However, our firm maintains the authority to reduce and/or waive the minimum account balance requirements at its sole discretion. Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss Methods of Analysis We may use the following methods of analysis in formulating our investment advice and/or managing client assets: Cyclical Analysis: Statistical analysis of specific events occurring at a sufficient number of relatively predictable intervals that they can be forecasted into the future. Cyclical analysis asserts that cyclical forces drive price movements in the financial markets. Risks include that cycles may invert or disappear, and there is no expectation that this type of analysis will pinpoint turning points, instead be used in conjunction with other methods of analysis. Duration Constraints: Our firm adheres to a discipline of generally maintaining duration within a narrow band around benchmark duration in order to limit exposure to market risk. Our portfolio management team rebalances client portfolios to their current duration targets on a periodic basis. The risk of constraining duration is that the client may not participate fully in a large rally in bond prices. Fundamental Analysis: The analysis of a business's financial statements (usually to analyze the business's assets, liabilities, and earnings), health, and its competitors and markets. When analyzing a stock, futures contract, or currency using fundamental analysis, there are two basic approaches one can use: bottom-up analysis and top-down analysis. The terms are used to distinguish such analysis from other types of investment analysis, such as quantitative and technical. Fundamental analysis is performed on historical and present data, but with the goal of making financial forecasts. There are several possible objectives: (a) to conduct a company stock valuation and predict its probable price evolution; (b) to make a projection on its business performance; (c) to evaluate its management and make internal business decisions; (d) and/or to calculate its credit risk.; and (e) to find out the intrinsic value of the share. When the objective of the analysis is to determine what stock to buy and at what price, there are two basic methodologies investors rely upon: (a) Fundamental analysis maintains that markets may misprice a security in the short run but that the "correct" price will eventually be reached. Profits can be made by purchasing the mispriced security and then waiting for the market to recognize its "mistake" and reprice the security; and (b) Technical analysis maintains that all information is already reflected in the price of a security. Technical analysts analyze trends and believe that sentiment changes predate and predict trend changes. Investors' emotional responses to price movements lead to recognizable price chart patterns. Technical analysts also analyze historical trends to predict future price movement. Investors can use one or both of these different but complementary methods for stock picking. This presents a potential risk, as the price of a security can move up or down along with the overall market, regardless of the economic and financial factors considered in evaluating the stock. ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 11 Modus Advisors, LLC  Quantitative Analysis: The use of models, or algorithms, to evaluate assets for investment. The process usually consists of searching vast databases for patterns, such as correlations among liquid assets or price-movement patterns (trend following or mean reversion). The resulting strategies may involve high-frequency trading. The results of the analysis are taken into consideration in the decision to buy or sell securities and in the management of portfolio characteristics. A risk in using quantitative analysis is that the methods or models used may be based on assumptions that prove to be incorrect. Qualitative Analysis: A securities analysis that uses subjective judgment based on unquantifiable information, such as management expertise, industry cycles, strength of research and development, and labor relations. Qualitative analysis contrasts with quantitative analysis, which focuses on numbers that can be found on reports such as balance sheets. The two techniques, however, will often be used together in order to examine a company's operations and evaluate its potential as an investment opportunity. Qualitative analysis deals with intangible, inexact concerns that belong to the social and experiential realm rather than the mathematical one. This approach depends on the kind of intelligence that machines (currently) lack, since things like positive associations with a brand, management trustworthiness, customer satisfaction, competitive advantage and cultural shifts are difficult, arguably impossible, to capture with numerical inputs. A risk in using qualitative analysis is that subjective judgment may prove incorrect. Sector Analysis : Sector analysis involves the identification and analysis of various industries or economic sectors that are likely to exhibit superior performance. Academic studies indicate that the health of a stock's sector is as important as the performance of the individual stock itself. In other words, even the best stock located in a weak sector will often perform poorly because that sector is out of favor. Each industry has differences in terms of its customer base, market share among firms, industry growth, competition, regulation, and business cycles. Learning how the industry operates provides a deeper understanding of a company's financial health. One method of analyzing a company's growth potential is examining whether the number of customers in the overall market is expected to grow. In some markets, there is zero or negative growth, a factor demanding careful consideration. Additionally, market analysts recommend that investors monitor sectors that are nearing the bottom of performance rankings for possible signs of an impending turnaround. Investment Strategies We Use We use the following strategies in managing client accounts, provided that such strategies are appropriate to the needs of the client and consistent with the client's investment objectives, risk tolerance, and time horizons, among other considerations: Alternative Investments: Hedge funds, private equity, commodity pools, Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”), Business Development Companies (“BDCs”), and other alternative investments involve a high degree of risk and can be illiquid due to restrictions on transfer and lack of a secondary trading market. They can be highly leveraged, speculative, and volatile, and an investor could lose all or a substantial amount of an investment. Alternative investments may lack transparency as to share price, valuation, and portfolio holdings. Complex tax structures often result in delayed tax reporting. Compared to mutual funds, hedge funds, private equity, and commodity pools are subject to less regulation and often charge higher fees. Alternative investment managers typically exercise broad investment discretion and may apply similar strategies across multiple investment vehicles, resulting in less diversification. ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 12 Modus Advisors, LLC  Asset Allocation: The implementation of an investment strategy that attempts to balance risk versus reward by adjusting the percentage of each asset in an investment portfolio according to the investor's risk tolerance, goals, and investment time frame. Asset allocation is based on the principle that different assets perform differently in different market and economic conditions. A fundamental justification for asset allocation is the notion that different asset classes offer returns that are not perfectly correlated, hence diversification reduces the overall risk in terms of the variability of returns for a given level of expected return. Although risk is reduced as long as correlations are not perfect, it is typically forecast (wholly or in part) based on statistical relationships (like correlation and variance) that existed over some past period. Expectations for return are often derived in the same way. An asset class is a group of economic resources sharing similar characteristics, such as riskiness and return. There are many types of assets that may or may not be included in an asset allocation strategy. The "traditional" asset classes are stocks (value, dividend, growth, or sector-specific [or a "blend" of any two or more of the preceding]; large-cap versus mid-cap, small-cap or micro-cap; domestic, foreign [developed], emerging or frontier markets), bonds (fixed income securities more generally: investment-grade or junk [high-yield]; government or corporate; short-term, intermediate, long- term; domestic, foreign, emerging markets), and cash or cash equivalents. Allocation among these three provides a starting point. Usually included are hybrid instruments such as convertible bonds and preferred stocks, which are counted as a mixture of bonds and stocks. Other alternative assets that may be considered include: commodities: precious metals, nonferrous metals, agriculture, energy, and others; commercial or residential real estate (also REITs); insurance products (annuity, life settlements, catastrophe bonds, personal life insurance products, etc.); derivatives such as long- short or market neutral strategies, options, collateralized debt, and futures; foreign currency; venture capital; private equity; and/or distressed securities. There are several types of asset allocation strategies based on investment goals, risk tolerance, time frames, and diversification. The most common forms of asset allocation are strategic, dynamic, tactical, and core-satellite. • • • • Strategic Asset Allocation: The primary goal of a strategic asset allocation is to create an asset mix that seeks to provide the optimal balance between expected risk and return for a long-term investment horizon. Generally speaking, strategic asset allocation strategies are agnostic to economic environments, i.e., they do not change their allocation postures relative to changing market or economic conditions. Dynamic Asset Allocation: Dynamic asset allocation is similar to strategic asset allocation in that portfolios are built by allocating to an asset mix that seeks to provide the optimal balance between expected risk and return for a long-term investment horizon. Like strategic allocation strategies, dynamic strategies largely retain exposure to their original asset classes; however, unlike strategic strategies, dynamic asset allocation portfolios will adjust their postures over time relative to changes in the economic environment. Tactical Asset Allocation: Tactical Asset Allocation is a strategy in which an investor takes a more active approach that tries to position a portfolio into those assets, sectors, or individual stocks that show the most potential for perceived gains. While an original asset mix is formulated much like a strategic and dynamic portfolio, tactical strategies are often traded more actively and are free to move entirely in and out of their core asset classes Core-Satellite Asset Allocation: Core-Satellite allocation strategies generally contain a 'core' strategic element making up the most significant portion of the portfolio, while applying a dynamic or tactical 'satellite' strategy that makes up a smaller part of the portfolio. In this way, core-satellite allocation strategies are a hybrid of the strategic and dynamic/tactical allocation strategies mentioned above. ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 13 Modus Advisors, LLC  Bitcoin: Bitcoin is a digital currency created in January 2009 following the housing market crash. It follows the ideas set out in a whitepaper by the mysterious and pseudonymous Satoshi Nakamoto. The identity of the person or persons who created the technology is still a mystery. Bitcoin offers the promise of lower transaction fees than traditional online payment mechanisms and is operated by a decentralized authority, unlike government-issued currencies. There are no physical Bitcoins, only balances kept on a public ledger that everyone has transparent access to, which, along with all Bitcoin transactions, is verified by a massive amount of computing power. Bitcoins are not issued or backed by any banks or governments, nor are individual Bitcoins valuable as a commodity. Despite it not being legal tender, Bitcoin charts high on popularity, and has triggered the launch of hundreds of other virtual currencies collectively referred to as Altcoins. In addition to Bitcoin, our firm may recommend that clients invest in other Cryptocurrencies as well. There are many Bitcoin supporters who believe that digital currency is the future. Many of those who endorse Bitcoin believe that it facilitates a much faster, low-fee payment system for transactions across the globe. Although it is not backed by any government or central bank, Bitcoin can be exchanged for traditional currencies; in fact, its exchange rate against the dollar attracts potential investors and traders interested in currency plays. Indeed, one of the primary reasons for the growth of digital currencies like Bitcoin is that they can act as an alternative to national fiat money and traditional commodities like gold. In March 2014, the IRS stated that all virtual currencies, including Bitcoins, would be taxed as property rather than currency. Gains or losses from Bitcoins held as capital will be realized as capital gains or losses, while Bitcoins held as inventory will incur ordinary gains or losses. The sale of Bitcoins that you mined or purchased from another party, or the use of Bitcoins to pay for goods or services, are examples of transactions that can be taxed. Like any other asset, the principle of buying low and selling high applies to Bitcoins. The most popular way of amassing the currency is through buying on a Bitcoin exchange, but there are many other ways to earn and own Bitcoins. Investing money into Bitcoin in any of its many guises is not for the risk-averse. Bitcoins are a rival to government currency and may be used for black market transactions, money laundering, illegal activities, or tax evasion. As a result, governments may seek to regulate, restrict, or ban the use and sale of Bitcoins, and some already have. Others are coming up with various rules. The lack of uniform regulations about Bitcoins (and other virtual currencies) raises questions over their longevity, liquidity, and universality. Debt Securities (Bonds) : Issuers use debt securities to borrow money. Generally, issuers pay investors periodic interest and repay the amount borrowed either periodically during the life of the security and/or at maturity. Alternatively, investors can purchase other debt securities, such as zero- coupon bonds, which do not pay current interest, but rather are priced at a discount from their face values and their values accrete over time to face value at maturity. The market prices of debt securities fluctuate depending on such factors as interest rates, credit quality, and maturity. In general, market prices of debt securities decline when interest rates rise and increase when interest rates fall. Bonds with longer rates of maturity tend to have greater interest rate risks. Certain additional risk factors relating to debt securities include: (a) When interest rates are declining, investors have to reinvest their interest income and any return of principal, whether scheduled or unscheduled, at lower prevailing rates.; (b) Inflation causes tomorrow’s dollar to be ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 14 Modus Advisors, LLC  worth less than today’s; in other words, it reduces the purchasing power of a bond investor’s future interest payments and principal, collectively known as “cash flows.” Inflation also leads to higher interest rates, which in turn lead to lower bond prices; (c) Debt securities may be sensitive to economic changes, political and corporate developments, and interest rate changes. Investors can also expect periods of economic change and uncertainty, which can result in increased volatility of market prices and yields of certain debt securities. For example, prices of these securities can be affected by financial contracts held by the issuer or third parties (such as derivatives) relating to the security or other assets or indices. (d) Debt securities may contain redemption or call provisions entitling their issuers to redeem them at a specified price on a date prior to maturity. If an issuer exercises these provisions in a lower interest rate market, the account would have to replace the security with a lower-yielding security, resulting in decreased income to investors. Usually, a bond is called at or close to par value. This subjects investors who paid a premium for their bond risk of lost principal. In reality, prices of callable bonds are unlikely to move much above the call price if lower interest rates make the bond likely to be called; (e) If the issuer of a debt security defaults on its obligations to pay interest or principal or is the subject of bankruptcy proceedings, the account may incur losses or expenses in seeking recovery of amounts owed to it; (f) There may be little trading in the secondary market for particular debt securities, which may affect adversely the account's ability to value accurately or dispose of such debt securities. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and/or liquidity of debt securities. Our firm attempts to reduce the risks described above through diversification of the client’s portfolio and by credit analysis of each issuer, as well as by monitoring broad economic trends and corporate and legislative developments, but there can be no assurance that our firm will be successful in doing so. Credit ratings for debt securities provided by rating agencies reflect an evaluation of the safety of principal and interest payments, not market value risk. The rating of an issuer is a rating agency's view of past and future potential developments related to the issuer and may not necessarily reflect actual outcomes. There can be a lag between the time of developments relating to an issuer and the time a rating is assigned and updated. Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”): An ETF is a type of Investment Company (usually, an open-end fund or unit investment trust) whose primary objective is to achieve the same return as a particular market index. The vast majority of ETFs are designed to track an index, so their performance is close to that of an index mutual fund, but they are not exact duplicates. A tracking error, or the difference between the returns of a fund and the returns of the index, can arise due to differences in composition, management fees, expenses, and handling of dividends. ETFs benefit from continuous pricing; they can be bought and sold on a stock exchange throughout the trading day. Because ETFs trade like stocks, you can place orders just like with individual stocks - such as limit orders, good- until-canceled orders, stop loss orders, etc. They can also be sold short. Traditional mutual funds are bought and redeemed based on their net asset values (“NAV”) at the end of the day. ETFs are bought and sold at the market prices on the exchanges, which resemble the underlying NAV but are independent of it. However, arbitrageurs will ensure that ETF prices are kept very close to the NAV of the underlying securities. Although an investor can buy as few as one share of an ETF, most buy in board lots. Anything bought in less than a board lot will increase the cost to the investor. Anyone can buy any ETF, no matter where in the world it trades. This provides a benefit over mutual funds, which generally can only be bought in the country in which they are registered. One of the main features of ETFs is their low annual fees, especially when compared to traditional mutual funds. The passive nature of index investing, reduced marketing, distribution, and accounting expenses all contribute to the lower fees. However, individual investors must pay a brokerage commission to purchase and sell ETF shares; for those investors who trade frequently, this can ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 15 Modus Advisors, LLC  significantly increase the cost of investing in ETFs. That said, with the advent of low-cost brokerage fees, small or frequent purchases of ETFs are becoming more cost-efficient. Fixed Income: Fixed income is a type of investing or budgeting style for which real return rates or periodic income are received at regular intervals and at reasonably predictable levels. Fixed-income investors are typically retired individuals who rely on their investments to provide a regular, stable income stream. This demographic tends to invest heavily in fixed-income investments because of the reliable returns they offer. Fixed-income investors who live on set amounts of periodically paid income face the risk of inflation eroding their spending power. Some examples of fixed-income investments include treasuries, money market instruments, corporate bonds, asset-backed securities, municipal bonds, and international bonds. The primary risk associated with fixed-income investments is the borrower defaulting on their payment. Other considerations include exchange rate risk for international bonds and interest rate risk for longer- dated securities. The most common type of fixed-income security is a bond. Bonds are issued by federal governments, local municipalities, and major corporations. Fixed-income securities are recommended for investors seeking a diverse portfolio; however, the percentage of the portfolio dedicated to fixed income depends on your own personal investment style. There is also an opportunity to diversify the fixed-income component of a portfolio. Riskier fixed-income products, such as junk bonds and longer-dated products, should comprise a lower percentage of your overall portfolio. The interest payment on fixed-income securities is considered regular income and is determined based on the creditworthiness of the borrower and current market rates. In general, bonds and fixed- income securities with longer-dated maturities pay a higher rate, also referred to as the coupon rate, because they are considered riskier. The longer the security is on the market, the more time it has to lose its value and/or default. At the end of the bond term, or at bond maturity, the borrower returns the amount borrowed, also referred to as the principal or par value. Individual Stocks : A common stock is a security that represents ownership in a corporation. Holders of common stock exercise control by electing a board of directors and voting on corporate policy. Investing in individual common stocks provides us with more control over what you are invested in and when that investment is made. Having the ability to decide when to buy or sell helps us time the taking of gains or losses. Common stocks, however, bear a greater amount of risk when compared to certificates of deposit, preferred stock, and bonds. It is typically more difficult to achieve diversification when investing in individual common stocks. Additionally, common stockholders are at the bottom of the priority ladder for ownership structure; if a company goes bankrupt, the common stockholders do not receive their money until the creditors and preferred shareholders have received their respective shares of the leftover assets. Long-Term Purchases: Our firm may buy securities for your account and hold them for a relatively long time (more than a year) in anticipation that the security’s value will appreciate over a long horizon. The risk of this strategy is that our firm could miss out on potential short-term gains that could have been profitable to your account, or it’s possible that the security’s value may decline sharply before our firm makes a decision to sell. Margin Transactions: Our firm may purchase stocks, mutual funds, and/or other securities for your portfolio with money borrowed from your brokerage account. This allows you to purchase more stock than you would be able to with your available cash, and allows us to purchase stock without selling other holdings. Margin accounts and transactions are risky and not necessarily appropriate for every client. The potential risks associated with these transactions are (1) You can lose more ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 16 Modus Advisors, LLC  funds than are deposited into the margin account; (2) the forced sale of securities or other assets in your account; (3) the sale of securities or other assets without contacting you; and (4) you may not be entitled to choose which securities or other assets in your account(s) are liquidated or sold to meet a margin call. Master Limited Partnerships (“MLPs”): MLPs are publicly traded partnerships that trade mainly on the New York Stock Exchange and/or the NASDAQ, the same as stocks. With a few exceptions, MLPs hold and operate assets related to the transportation and storage of energy (certain MLPs may have commodity risk). Most publicly traded companies are corporations. Corporate earnings are usually taxed twice. The business entity is taxed on any money it makes, and then shareholders are taxed on the earnings the company distributes to them. In the 1980s, Congress allowed public trading of certain types of companies as partnerships instead of corporations. The main advantage a partnership has over a corporation is that partnerships are “pass-through” entities for tax purposes. This means that the company does not pay any tax on its earnings. Distributions are still taxed, but this avoids the problem of double taxation that most publicly traded companies face. Congress requires that any company designated as an MLP has to produce 90% of its earnings from “qualified resources” (natural resources and real estate). Most MLPs are involved in energy infrastructure, i.e., things like pipelines. MLPs are required to pay minimum quarterly distributions to limited partners. A contract establishes the payments, so distributions are predictable. Otherwise, the shareholders could find the company in breach of contract. MLPs bear three primary risks: (a) The government could step in and change the rules of the game. That can always happen. Since one of the main advantages of these securities is their tax advantages, this poses a considerable risk for an investor; (b) It is commonly thought that these types of investments do better when interest rates are low, making their yield higher in relation to the safest investments, such as Treasury bills and securities that are guaranteed by the U.S. government. Consequently, MLPs may perform better during periods of declining or relatively low interest rates and more poorly during periods of rising or high interest rates; and (c) MLPs are pass-through entities, passing earnings through to the limited partners. Investors must be aware that there are potentially significant tax implications of investing in MLPs, and they should consult with their tax advisor before investing in these securities. Mutual Funds : A mutual fund is a company that pools money from many investors and invests the money in a variety of differing security types based on the objectives of the fund. The portfolio of the fund consists of the combined holdings it owns. Each share represents an investor’s proportionate ownership of the fund’s holdings and the income those holdings generate. The price that investors pay for mutual fund shares is the fund’s per share net asset value (“NAV”) plus any shareholder fees that the fund imposes at the time of purchase (such as sales loads). Investors typically cannot ascertain the exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio at any given time, nor can they directly influence which securities the fund manager buys and sells or the timing of those trades. With an individual stock, investors can obtain real-time (or close to real-time) pricing information with relative ease by checking financial websites or by calling a broker or your investment adviser. Investors can also monitor how a stock’s price changes from hour to hour—or even second to second. By contrast, with a mutual fund, the price at which an investor purchases or redeems shares will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which is calculated daily after market close. The benefits of investing through mutual funds include: (a) Mutual funds are professionally managed by an investment adviser who researches, selects, and monitors the performance of the securities purchased by the fund; (b) Mutual funds typically have the benefit of diversification, which is an investing strategy that generally sums up as “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” Spreading investments across a wide range of companies and industry sectors can help lower the risk if a ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 17 Modus Advisors, LLC  company or sector fails. Some investors find it easier to achieve diversification through ownership of mutual funds rather than through ownership of individual stocks or bonds; (c) Some mutual funds accommodate investors who do not have a lot of money to invest by setting relatively low dollar amounts for initial purchases, subsequent monthly purchases, or both; and (d) At any time, mutual fund investors can readily redeem their shares at the current NAV, less any fees and charges assessed on redemption. Mutual funds also have features that some investors might view as disadvantages: (a) Investors must pay sales charges, annual fees, and other expenses regardless of how the fund performs. Depending on the timing of their investment, investors may also have to pay taxes on any capital gains distributions they receive. This includes instances where the fund went on to perform poorly after purchasing shares.; (b) Investors typically cannot ascertain the exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio at any given time, nor can they directly influence which securities the fund manager buys and sells or the timing of those trades.; and (c) With an individual stock, investors can obtain real-time (or close to real-time) pricing information with relative ease by checking financial websites or by calling a broker or your investment adviser. Investors can also monitor how a stock’s price changes from hour to hour—or even second to second. By contrast, with a mutual fund, the price at which an investor purchases or redeems shares will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which the fund might not calculate until many hours after the investor placed the order. In general, mutual funds must calculate their NAV at least once every business day, typically after the major U.S. exchanges close. When investors buy and hold an individual stock or bond, the investor must pay income tax each year on the dividends or interest the investor receives. However, the investor will not have to pay any capital gains tax until the investor actually sells and makes a profit. Mutual funds are different. When an investor buys and holds mutual fund shares, the investor will owe income tax on any ordinary dividends in the year the investor receives or reinvests them. Moreover, in addition to owing taxes on any personal capital gains when the investor sells shares, the investor may have to pay taxes each year on the fund’s capital gains. That is because the law requires mutual funds to distribute capital gains to shareholders if they sell securities for a profit, and cannot use losses to offset these gains. Options : An option is a financial derivative that represents a contract sold by one party (the option writer) to another party (the option holder, or option buyer). The contract offers the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security or other financial asset at an agreed-upon price (the strike price) during a certain period of time or on a specific date (exercise date). Options are extremely versatile securities. Traders use options to speculate, which is a relatively risky practice, while hedgers use options to reduce the risk of holding an asset. In terms of speculation, option buyers and writers have conflicting views regarding the outlook on the performance of a: • Call Option : Call options give the option to buy at a certain price, so the buyer would want the stock to go up. Conversely, the option writer needs to provide the underlying shares in the event that the stock's market price exceeds the strike due to the contractual obligation. An option writer who sells a call option believes that the underlying stock's price will drop relative to the option's strike price during the life of the option, as that is how he will reap maximum profit. This is exactly the opposite outlook of the option buyer. The buyer believes that the underlying stock will rise; if this happens, the buyer will be able to acquire the stock for a lower price and then sell it for a profit. However, if the underlying stock does not close above the strike price on the expiration date, the option buyer would lose the premium paid for the call option. • Put Option : Put options give the option to sell at a certain price, so the buyer would want the stock to go down. The opposite is true for put option writers. For example, a put option buyer ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 18 Modus Advisors, LLC  is bearish on the underlying stock and believes its market price will fall below the specified strike price on or before a specified date. On the other hand, an option writer who sells a put option believes the underlying stock's price will increase about a specified price on or before the expiration date. If the underlying stock's price closes above the specified strike price on the expiration date, the put option writer's maximum profit is achieved. Conversely, a put option holder would only benefit from a fall in the underlying stock's price below the strike price. If the underlying stock's price falls below the strike price, the put option writer is obligated to purchase shares of the underlying stock at the strike price. The potential risks associated with these transactions are that (1) all options expire. The closer the option gets to expiration, the quicker the premium in the option deteriorates; and (2) Prices can move very quickly. Depending on factors such as time until expiration and the relationship of the stock price to the option’s strike price, small movements in a stock can translate into big movements in the underlying options. Covered Calls: The risks associated with this type of strategy involve having the underlying stock called away. Each contract has a strike price at which the writer of the contract agrees to allow the purchaser to call the stock away from the writer. This can create a taxable event whereby the writer of the option is required to recognize a capital gain on the underlying security. Furthermore, the market price could appreciate beyond the strike price, forcing the writer to sell their holdings below current market value. Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”): REITs primarily invest in real estate or real estate- related loans. Equity REITs own real estate properties, while mortgage REITs hold construction, development, and/or long-term mortgage loans. Changes in the value of the underlying property of the trusts, the creditworthiness of the issuer, property taxes, interest rates, tax laws, and regulatory requirements, such as those relating to the environment, can all affect the values of REITs. Both types of REITs are dependent upon management skill, the cash flows generated by their holdings, the real estate market in general, and the possibility of failing to qualify for any applicable pass-through tax treatment or failing to maintain any applicable exemptive status afforded under relevant laws. Short-Term Purchases: When utilizing this strategy, our firm may also purchase securities with the idea of selling them within a relatively short time (typically a year or less). Our firm does this in an attempt to take advantage of conditions that our firm believes will soon result in a price swing in the securities our firm purchases. Variable Annuities (“VA”): A variable annuity is a type of annuity contract that allows for the accumulation of capital on a tax-deferred basis. As opposed to a fixed annuity that offers a guaranteed interest rate and a minimum payment at annuitization, variable annuities offer investors the opportunity to generate higher rates of return by investing in equity and bond subaccounts. If a variable annuity is annuitized for income, the income payments can vary based on the performance of the subaccounts. Risks associated with VAs may include: • • • • • • • Taxes and federal penalties for early withdrawal Surrender charges for early withdrawal can last for years Earnings taxed at ordinary income tax rates Mortality expense to compensate the insurance company for insurance risks Fees and expenses imposed for the subaccounts Other features with additional fees and charges Investment losses ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 19 Modus Advisors, LLC  Risk of Loss Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. While the value of the investment(s) may increase and the account(s) could enjoy a gain, it is also possible that the value of the investment(s) may decrease, and the account(s) could suffer a loss. It is important that clients understand the risks associated with investing and that their assets are appropriately diversified. Clients are encouraged to ask our firm any questions regarding their risk tolerance. Company Risk: When investing in stock positions, there is always a certain level of company or industry-specific risk that is inherent in each investment. This is also referred to as unsystematic risk and can be reduced through appropriate diversification. There is the risk that the company will perform poorly or have its value reduced based on factors specific to the company or its industry. For example, if a company’s employees go on strike or the company receives unfavorable media attention for its actions, the value of the company may be reduced. Credit Risk: Credit risk can be a factor in situations where an investment’s performance relies on a borrower’s repayment of borrowed funds. With credit risk, an investor can experience a loss or unfavorable performance if a borrower does not repay the borrowed funds as expected or required. Investment holdings that involve forms of indebtedness (i.e., borrowed funds) are subject to credit risk. Defensive Strategy Risk: Defensive strategies are primarily used in periods of high volatility or economic uncertainty and aimed at reducing exposure to the equity market. Our goal is simply to help our clients achieve their financial goals, regardless of market conditions. If our firm forecasts a prolonged and substantial downturn for the equity markets, it may adopt a defensive strategy for clients’ growth allocation by investing substantially in money market securities and/or short-term fixed income securities. There can be no guarantee that our firm will accurately forecast any prolonged and substantial downturn in the equity markets, or that the use of defensive techniques would be successful in avoiding losses. The use of defensive strategies could result in a negative outcome for a client. A few negative consequences could be high turnover, re-entry in the same security at a higher price, loss of growth if the equity markets move up, high tax liability within taxable accounts, and higher trading costs. Economic Risk: The prevailing economic environment is important to the health of all businesses. Some companies, however, are more sensitive to changes in the domestic or global economy than others. These types of companies are often referred to as cyclical businesses. Countries in which a large portion of businesses are in cyclical industries are thus also very economically sensitive and carry a higher amount of economic risk. If an investment is issued by a party located in a country that experiences wide swings from an economic standpoint or in situations where certain elements of an investment instrument are hinged on dealings in such countries, the investment instrument will generally be subject to a higher level of economic risk. Equity (Stock) Market Risk: Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. If you held common stock, or common stock equivalents, of any given issuer, you would generally be exposed to greater risk than if you held preferred stocks and debt obligations of the issuer. ETF & Mutual Fund Risk : When investing in an ETF or mutual fund, you will bear additional expenses based on your pro rata share of the ETF’s or mutual fund’s operating expenses, including ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 20 Modus Advisors, LLC  the potential duplication of management fees. The risk of owning an ETF or mutual fund generally reflects the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF or mutual fund holds. Clients will also incur brokerage costs when purchasing ETFs. Fixed Income Securities Risk: Typically, the values of fixed-income securities change inversely with prevailing interest rates. Therefore, a fundamental risk of fixed-income securities is interest rate risk, which is the risk that their value will generally decline as prevailing interest rates rise, which may cause your account value to likewise decrease, and vice versa. How specific fixed income securities may react to changes in interest rates will depend on the specific characteristics of each security. Fixed-income securities are also subject to credit risk, prepayment risk, valuation risk, and liquidity risk. Credit risk is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest and principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of a bond to decline. Legal/Regulatory Risk: Certain investments or the issuers of investments may be affected by changes in state or federal laws or in the prevailing regulatory framework under which the investment instrument or its issuer is regulated. Changes in the regulatory environment or tax laws can affect the performance of certain investments or issuers of those investments and thus can have a negative impact on the overall performance of such investments. Liquidity Risk: Certain assets may not be readily converted into cash or may have a very limited market in which they trade. Thus, you may experience the risk that your investment or assets within your investment may not be able to be liquidated quickly, thus extending the period of time by which you may receive the proceeds from your investment. Liquidity risk can also result in unfavorable pricing when exiting (i.e., not being able to quickly get out of an investment before the price drops significantly) a particular investment, and therefore, can have a negative impact on investment returns. Market Risk: The value of your portfolio may decrease if the value of an individual company or multiple companies in the portfolio decreases or if our belief about a company’s intrinsic worth is incorrect. Further, regardless of how well individual companies perform, the value of your portfolio could also decrease if there are deteriorating economic or market conditions. It is important to understand that the value of your investment may fall, sometimes sharply, in response to changes in the market, and you could lose money. Investment risks include price risk, as may be observed by a drop in a security’s price due to company-specific events (e.g., earnings disappointment or downgrade in the rating of a bond) or general market risk (e.g., such as a “bear” market when stock values fall in general). For fixed-income securities, a period of rising interest rates could erode the value of a bond since bond values generally fall as bond yields go up. Past performance is not a guarantee of future returns. Market Timing Risk: Market timing can include a high risk of loss since it looks at an aggregate market versus a specific security. Timing risk explains the potential for missing out on beneficial movements in price due to an error in timing. This could cause harm to the value of an investor's portfolio because of purchasing too high or selling too low. Options Risk : Options on securities may be subject to greater fluctuations in value than an investment in the underlying securities. Additionally, options have an expiration date, which makes them “decay” in value over the amount of time they are held and can expire worthless. Purchasing and writing put and call options are highly specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary investment risks. ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 21 Modus Advisors, LLC  Strategy Risk: There is no guarantee that the investment strategies discussed herein will work under all market conditions, and each investor should evaluate his/her ability to maintain any investment he/she is considering in light of his/her own investment time horizon. Investments are subject to risk, including possible loss of principal. Description of Material, Significant or Unusual Risks Our firm generally invests client cash balances in Cash Sweep Accounts, high-grade commercial paper, and/or government-backed debt instruments. Ultimately, our firm tries to achieve the highest return on client cash balances through relatively low-risk conservative investments. In most cases, at least a partial cash balance will be maintained in a Cash Sweep account so that our firm may debit advisory fees for our services related to our Asset Management and Comprehensive Portfolio Management services, as applicable. Item 9: Disciplinary Information There are no legal or disciplinary events that are material to the evaluation of our advisory business or the integrity of our management. Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations Our firm has no other financial industry activities or affiliations to disclose. Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation, or Interest in Client Transactions & Personal Trading As a fiduciary, it is an investment adviser’s responsibility to provide fair and full disclosure of all material facts and to act solely in the best interest of each of our clients at all times. Our fiduciary duty is the underlying principle for our firm’s Code of Ethics, which includes procedures for personal securities transactions and insider trading. Our firm requires all representatives to conduct business with the highest level of ethical standards and to comply with all federal and state securities laws at all times. Upon employment with our firm, and at least annually thereafter, all representatives of our firm will acknowledge receipt, understanding, and compliance with our firm’s Code of Ethics. Our firm and representatives must conduct business in an honest, ethical, and fair manner and avoid all circumstances that might negatively affect or appear to affect our duty of complete loyalty to all clients. This disclosure is provided to give all clients a summary of our Code of Ethics. If a client or a potential client wishes to review our Code of Ethics in its entirety, a copy will be provided promptly upon request. Our firm recognizes that the personal investment transactions of our representatives demand the application of a Code of Ethics with high standards and requires that all such transactions be carried out in a way that does not endanger the interests of any client. At the same time, our firm also believes that if investment goals are similar for clients and for our representatives, it is logical, and even ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 22 Modus Advisors, LLC  desirable, that there be common ownership of some securities. To prevent conflicts of interest, our firm has established procedures for transactions effected by our representatives for their personal accounts. In order to monitor compliance with our personal trading policy, our firm has pre-clearance requirements and a quarterly securities transaction reporting system for all of our representatives. Neither our firm nor a related person recommends, buys, or sells for client accounts, securities in which our firm or a related person has a material financial interest without prior disclosure to the client. Related persons of our firm may buy or sell securities and other investments that are also recommended to clients. In order to minimize this conflict of interest, our related persons will place client interests ahead of their own interests and adhere to our firm’s Code of Ethics, a copy of which is available upon request. Likewise, related persons of our firm buy or sell securities for themselves at or about the same time they buy or sell the same securities for client accounts. In order to minimize this conflict of interest, our related persons will place client interests ahead of their own interests and adhere to our firm’s Code of Ethics, a copy of which is available upon request. Further, our related persons will refrain from buying or selling the same securities prior to buying or selling for our clients on the same day unless included in a block trade. _________________ 1 For purposes of the policy, our associate’s personal account generally includes any account (a) in the name of our associate, his/her spouse, his/her minor children or other dependents residing in the same household, (b) for which our associate is a trustee or executor, or (c) which our associate controls, including our client accounts which our associate controls and/or a member of his/her household has a direct or indirect beneficial interest in. Item 12: Brokerage Practices Custodians & Brokers Used Our firm does not maintain custody of client assets (although our firm may be deemed to have custody of client assets if given the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts. See Item 15 Custody, below). Client assets must be maintained in an account at a “qualified custodian,” generally a broker-dealer or bank. Our firm recommends that clients use Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”), a FINRA-registered broker-dealer, member SIPC, as the qualified custodian. Our firm is independently owned and operated, and not affiliated with Schwab. Schwab will hold client assets in a brokerage account and buy and sell securities when instructed. While our firm recommends that clients use Schwab as custodian/broker, clients will decide whether to do so and open an account with Schwab by entering into an account agreement directly with them. Our firm does not open accounts. Even though the account is maintained at Schwab, our firm can still use other brokers to execute trades, as described in the next paragraph. How Brokers/Custodians Are Selected Our firm seeks to recommend a custodian/broker who will hold client assets and execute transactions on terms that are overall most advantageous when compared to other available providers and their services. A wide range of factors is considered, including, but not limited to: ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 23 Modus Advisors, LLC  • • • • • • • • • combination of transaction execution services along with asset custody services (generally without a separate fee for custody) capability to execute, clear, and settle trades (buy and sell securities for client accounts) capabilities to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers, check requests, bill payment, etc.) breadth of investment products made available (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange traded funds (ETFs), etc.) availability of investment research and tools that assist in making investment decisions, and the quality of services competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, margin interest rates, other fees, etc.) and willingness to negotiate them reputation, financial strength, and stability of the provider prior service to our firm and our other clients availability of other products and services that benefit our firm, as discussed below (see “Products & Services Available from Schwab”) Custody & Brokerage Costs Schwab generally does not charge a separate fee for custody services but is compensated by charging commissions or other fees to clients on trades that are executed or that settle into the Schwab account. In addition to commissions, Schwab charges a flat dollar amount as a “prime broker” or “trade away” fee for each trade that our firm has executed by a different broker-dealer, but where the securities bought or the funds from the securities sold are deposited (settled) into a Schwab account. These fees are in addition to the commissions or other compensation paid to the executing broker-dealer. Because of this, to minimize client trading costs, our firm has Schwab execute most trades for the accounts. Schwab recently eliminated transaction fees for U.S.-listed equities and exchange traded funds. Products & Services Available from Schwab Schwab Advisor Services (formerly called Schwab Institutional) is Schwab’s business serving independent investment advisory firms like our firm. They provide our firm and clients with access to its institutional brokerage – trading, custody, reporting, and related services – many of which are not typically available to Schwab retail customers. Schwab also makes available various support services. Some of those services help manage or administer our client accounts, while others help manage and grow our business. Schwab’s support services are generally available on an unsolicited basis (our firm does not have to request them) and at no charge to our firm. The availability of Schwab’s products and services is not based on the provision of particular investment advice, such as purchasing particular securities for clients. Here is a more detailed description of Schwab’s support services. Services that Benefit Clients Schwab’s institutional brokerage services include access to a broad range of investment products, execution of securities transactions, and custody of client assets. The investment products available through Schwab include some to which our firm might not otherwise have access or that would require a significantly higher minimum initial investment by firm clients. Schwab’s services described in this paragraph generally benefit clients and their accounts. ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 24 Modus Advisors, LLC  Services that May Not Directly Benefit Clients Schwab also makes available other products and services that benefit our firm but may not directly benefit clients or their accounts. These products and services assist in managing and administering our client accounts. They include investment research, both Schwab’s and that of third parties. This research may be used to service all or some substantial number of client accounts, including accounts not maintained at Schwab. In addition to investment research, Schwab also makes available software and other technology that: • • • • • provides access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account statements); facilitates trade execution and allocates aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts; provides pricing and other market data; facilitates payment of our fees from our clients’ accounts; and assists with back-office functions, recordkeeping, and client reporting. Services that Generally Benefit Only Our Firm Schwab also offers other services intended to help manage and further develop our business enterprise. These services include: • • • • educational conferences and events technology, compliance, legal, and business consulting; publications and conferences on practice management and business succession; and access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants, and insurance providers. Schwab may provide some of these services itself. In other cases, Schwab will arrange for third-party vendors to provide the services to our firm. Schwab may also discount or waive fees for some of these services or pay all or a part of a third party’s fees. Schwab may also provide our firm with other benefits, such as occasional business entertainment for our personnel. Irrespective of direct or indirect benefits to our client through Schwab, our firm strives to enhance the client experience, help clients reach their goals, and put client interests before those of our firm or associated persons. Our Interest in Schwab’s Services The availability of these services from Schwab benefits our firm because our firm does not have to produce or purchase them. Our firm does not have to pay for these services, and they are not contingent upon committing any specific amount of business to Schwab in trading commissions or assets in custody. In light of our arrangements with Schwab, a conflict of interest exists as our firm may have an incentive to require that clients maintain their accounts with Schwab based on our interest in receiving Schwab’s services that benefit our firm rather than based on client interest in receiving the best value in custody services and the most favorable execution of transactions. As part of our fiduciary duty to our clients, our firm will endeavor at all times to put the interests of our clients first. Clients should be aware, however, that the receipt of economic benefits by our firm or our related persons creates a potential conflict of interest and may indirectly influence our firm’s choice of Schwab as a custodial recommendation. Our firm examined this potential conflict of interest when ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 25 Modus Advisors, LLC  our firm chose to recommend Schwab and have determined that the recommendation is in the best interest of our firm’s clients and satisfies our fiduciary obligations, including our duty to seek best execution. In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of a broker-dealer’s services, including the value of research provided, execution capability, commission rates, and responsiveness. Although our firm will seek competitive rates, to the benefit of all clients, our firm may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for specific client account transactions. Our firm believes that the selection of Schwab as a custodian and broker is in the best interest of our clients. It is primarily supported by the scope, quality, and price of Schwab’s services, and not by Schwab’s services that only benefit our firm. Soft Dollars Our firm does not receive soft dollars in excess of what is allowed by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The safe harbor research products and services obtained by our firm will generally be used to service all our clients, but not necessarily all at any one particular time. Client Brokerage Commissions Schwab does not make client brokerage commissions generated by client transactions available for our firm’s use. Client Transactions in Return for Soft Dollars Our firm does not direct client transactions to a particular broker-dealer in return for soft dollar benefits. Brokerage for Client Referrals Our firm does not receive brokerage for client referrals. Directed Brokerage In certain instances, clients may seek to limit or restrict our discretionary authority in making the determination of the brokers with whom orders for the purchase or sale of securities are placed for execution, and the commission rates at which such securities transactions are affected. Clients may seek to limit our authority in this area by directing that transactions (or some specified percentage of transactions) be executed through specified brokers in return for portfolio evaluation or other services deemed by the client to be of value. Any such client direction must be in writing (often through our advisory agreement) and may contain a representation from the client that the arrangement is permissible under its governing laws and documents if this is relevant. Our firm provides appropriate disclosure in writing to clients who direct trades to particular brokers, that with respect to their directed trades, they will be treated as if they have retained the investment discretion that our firm otherwise would have in selecting brokers to effect transactions and in negotiating commissions, and that such direction may adversely affect our ability to obtain the best price and execution. In addition, our firm will inform clients in writing that the trade orders may not be aggregated with other clients’ orders and that the direction of brokerage may hinder best execution. ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 26 Modus Advisors, LLC  Special Considerations for ERISA Clients A retirement or ERISA plan client may direct all or part of portfolio transactions for its account through a specific broker or dealer to obtain goods or services on behalf of the plan. Such direction is permitted provided that the goods and services provided are reasonable expenses of the plan incurred in the ordinary course of its business for which it otherwise would be obligated and empowered to pay. ERISA prohibits directed brokerage arrangements when the goods or services purchased are not for the exclusive benefit of the plan. Consequently, our firm will request that plan sponsors who direct plan brokerage provide us with a letter documenting that this arrangement will be for the exclusive benefit of the plan. Client-Directed Brokerage Our firm allows clients to direct brokerage outside our recommendation. Our firm may be unable to achieve the most favorable execution of client transactions. Client-directed brokerage may cost clients more money. For example, in a directed brokerage account, clients may pay higher brokerage commissions because our firm may not be able to aggregate orders to reduce transaction costs, or clients may receive less favorable prices. Aggregation of Purchase or Sale Our firm provides investment management services for various clients. There are occasions on which portfolio transactions may be executed as part of concurrent authorizations to purchase or sell the same security for numerous accounts served by our firm, which involve accounts with similar investment objectives. Although such concurrent authorizations potentially could be either advantageous or disadvantageous to any one or more particular accounts, they are affected only when our firm believes that to do so will be in the best interest of the affected accounts. When such concurrent authorizations occur, the objective is to allocate the executions in a manner that is deemed equitable to the accounts involved. In any given situation, our firm attempts to allocate trade executions in the most equitable manner possible, taking into consideration client objectives, current asset allocation, and availability of funds using price averaging, proration, and consistently non- arbitrary methods of allocation. Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans Our management personnel or financial advisors review accounts on at least an annual basis for our Asset Management and Comprehensive Portfolio Management clients. The nature of these reviews is to learn whether client accounts are in line with their investment objectives, appropriately positioned based on market conditions, and investment policies, if applicable. Our firm does not provide written reports to clients unless asked to do so. Verbal reports to clients take place on at least an annual basis when our Asset Management and Comprehensive Portfolio Management clients are contacted. Our firm may review client accounts more frequently than described above. Among the factors that may trigger an off-cycle review are major market or economic events, the client’s life events, requests by the client, etc. ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 27 Modus Advisors, LLC  Financial Planning clients do not receive reviews of their written plans unless they take action to schedule a financial consultation with us. Our firm does not provide ongoing services to financial planning clients, but we are willing to meet with such clients upon their request to discuss updates to their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc. Financial Planning clients do not receive written or verbal updated reports regarding their financial plans unless they separately engage our firm for a post-financial plan meeting or update to their initial written financial plan. Retirement Plan Consulting clients receive reviews of their retirement plans for the duration of the service. Our firm also provides ongoing services where clients are met with upon their request to discuss updates to their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc. Retirement Plan Consulting clients do not receive written or verbal updated reports regarding their plans unless they choose to engage our firm for ongoing services. Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation Charles Schwab & Co., Inc . Our firm receives economic benefit from Schwab in the form of the support products and services made available to our firm and other independent investment advisors that have their clients maintain accounts at Schwab. These products and services, how they benefit our firm, and the related conflicts of interest are described above (see Item 12 – Brokerage Practices). The availability of Schwab’s products and services is not based on our firm giving particular investment advice, such as buying particular securities for our clients. Referral Fees Our firm does not pay referral fees (non-commission-based) to independent solicitors (non- registered representatives) for the referral of their clients to our firm in accordance with Rule 206 (4)-3 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Item 15: Custody Deduction of Advisory Fees While our firm does not maintain physical custody of client assets (which are maintained by a qualified custodian, as discussed above), we are deemed to have custody of certain client assets if given the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts, as further described below under “Standing Instructions.” All our clients receive account statements directly from their qualified custodian(s) at least quarterly upon opening of an account. We urge our clients to carefully review these statements. Additionally, if our firm decides to send its own account statements to clients, such statements will include a legend that recommends the client compare the account statements received from the qualified custodian with those received from our firm. Clients are encouraged to raise any questions with us about the custody, safety, or security of their assets and our custodial recommendations. ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 28 Modus Advisors, LLC  Third Party Money Movement The SEC issued a no-action letter (“Letter”) with respect to the Rule 206(4)-2 (“Custody Rule”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). The letter provided guidance on the Custody Rule as well as clarified that an adviser who has the power to disburse client funds to a third party under a standing letter of instruction (“SLOA”) is deemed to have custody. As such, our firm has adopted the following safeguards in conjunction with Schwab: • • • • • • • The client provides an instruction to the qualified custodian, in writing, that includes the client’s signature, the third party’s name, and either the third party’s address or the third party’s account number at a custodian to which the transfer should be directed. The client authorizes the investment adviser, in writing, either on the qualified custodian’s form or separately, to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or from time to time. The client’s qualified custodian performs appropriate verification of the instruction, such as a signature review or other method to verify the client’s authorization, and provides a transfer of funds notice to the client promptly after each transfer. The client has the ability to terminate or change the instruction to the client’s qualified custodian. The investment adviser has no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the third party, the address, or any other information about the third party contained in the client’s instruction. The investment adviser maintains records showing that the third party is not a related party of the investment adviser or located at the same address as the investment adviser. The client’s qualified custodian sends the client, in writing, an initial notice confirming the instruction and an annual notice reconfirming the instruction. Item 16: Investment Discretion Clients have the option of providing our firm with investment discretion on their behalf, pursuant to an executed investment advisory client agreement. By granting investment discretion, our firm is authorized to execute securities transactions, determine which securities are bought and sold, and the total amount to be bought and sold. Should clients grant our firm non-discretionary authority, our firm would be required to obtain the client’s permission prior to effecting securities transactions. Limitations may be imposed by the client in the form of specific constraints on any of these areas of discretion, with our firm’s written acknowledgment. Item 17: Voting Client Securities Our firm does not accept the proxy authority to vote client securities, and we do not offer advice regarding corporate actions and the exercise of proxy voting rights and/or materials. Clients will receive proxies or other solicitations directly from their custodian or a transfer agent. In the event that proxies are sent to our firm, our firm will forward them to the appropriate client and ask the party who sent them to mail them directly to the client in the future. Certain independent investment managers under the Schwab Managed Account Program may vote proxies for clients. Please reference the disclosure brochure for each manager selected for more information. ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 29 Modus Advisors, LLC  Item 18: Financial Information Our firm is not required to provide financial information in this Brochure because: • • • • Our firm does not require the prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees when services cannot be rendered within 6 months. Our firm does not take custody of client funds or securities. Our firm does not have a financial condition or commitment that impairs our ability to meet contractual and fiduciary obligations to clients. Our firm has never been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding. ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Page 30 Modus Advisors, LLC