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Item 1: Cover Page
Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure
February 2, 2026
Nerad + Deppe Wealth Management
4250 Executive Square #545
La Jolla, CA 92037
Firm Contact:
Richard Nerad
Chief Compliance Officer
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of NDWM
LLC dba Nerad + Deppe Wealth Management. If clients have any questions about the contents
of this brochure, please contact us at (858) 457-1325 or rick@nd-wm.com. The information in
this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”) or by any State Securities Authority. Additional information about our
firm is also available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov by searching CRD
#151284.
Please note that the use of the term “registered investment adviser” and description of our
firm and/or our associates as “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Clients are encouraged to review this Brochure and Brochure Supplements for our firm’s
associates who advise clients for more information on the qualifications of our firm and our
employees.
Item 2: Material Changes
Nerad + Deppe Wealth Management is required to make clients aware of information that has
changed since the last annual update to the Firm Brochure (“Brochure”) and that may be
important to them. Clients can then determine whether to review the brochure in its entirety or
to contact us with questions about the changes.
Since the last annual amendment filed on January 30th, 2025, we have no material changes to
report:
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Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 1: Cover Page Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure ......................................................... 1
Item 2: Material Changes ......................................................................................................... 2
Item 3: Table of Contents ......................................................................................................... 3
Item 4: Advisory Business ........................................................................................................ 4
Item 5: Fees & Compensation .................................................................................................. 6
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management ............................................... 8
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements .................................................................... 8
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss .......................................... 8
Item 9: Disciplinary Information .............................................................................................. 15
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations ........................................................ 15
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions & Personal Trading .... 15
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ................................................................................................. 16
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans ...................................................................... 19
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation .................................................................... 20
Item 15: Custody .................................................................................................................... 20
Item 16: Investment Discretion ............................................................................................... 21
Item 17: Voting Client Securities ............................................................................................. 21
Item 18: Financial Information ................................................................................................ 21
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Item 4: Advisory Business
Our firm is dedicated to providing individuals and other types of clients with a wide array of
investment advisory services. Our firm is a limited liability company formed under the laws of
the State California in 2009 and was an investment adviser until becoming inactive in 2019
when our firm agreed to merge its advisory business with AlphaCore Capital LLC. However, our
firm decided to end our affiliation with AlphaCore Capital and re-apply for registration as an
investment adviser in the states of California and Texas in 2020. As of 2022, NDWM is
registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Our firm is owned by Steven J.
Deppe (50%) and Richard E. Nerad (50%).
The purpose of this Brochure is to disclose the conflicts of interest associated with the
investment transactions, compensation and any other matters related to investment decisions
made by our firm or its representatives. As a fiduciary, it is our duty to always act in the client’s
best interest. This is accomplished in part by knowing our client. Our firm has established a
service-oriented advisory practice with open lines of communication for many different types
of clients to help meet their financial goals while remaining sensitive to risk tolerance and time
horizons. Working with clients to understand their investment objectives while educating them
about our process facilitates the kind of working relationship we value.
Description of the Types of Advisory Services We Offer:
Investment Management:
As part of our Investment Management service, a portfolio is created, typically consisting of
exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”). If clients elect to keep mutual funds, individual stocks, or any
other holdings, we make exceptions; however, these are not particularly investments we
recommend. Portfolios will be designed to meet a certain investment goal, determined to be
suitable to the client’s circumstances. Once the appropriate portfolio has been determined, we
explain to clients in great detail how the portfolios will be managed.
We may utilize the sub-advisory services of a third-party investment advisory firm or individual
advisor to aid in the implementation of an investment portfolio designed by our firm. Before
selecting a firm or individual, our firm will ensure that the chosen party is properly licensed or
registered. Our firm will not offer advice on any specific securities or other investments in
connection with this service. We will provide initial due diligence on third-party money
managers and ongoing reviews of their management of client accounts. In order to assist in the
selection of a third-party money manager, our firm will gather client information pertaining to
financial situation, investment objectives, and reasonable restrictions to be imposed upon the
management of the account.
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Our firm will periodically review third-party money manager reports provided to the client at
least annually. Our firm will contact clients from time to time in order to review their financial
situation and objectives; communicate information to third-party money managers as
warranted; and assist the client in understanding and evaluating the services provided by the
third-party money manager. Clients will be expected to notify our firm of any changes in their
financial situation, investment objectives, or account restrictions that could affect their financial
standing.
Financial Planning & Consulting:
Our firm provides a variety of stand-alone financial planning and consulting services to clients
for the management of financial resources based upon an analysis of current situation, goals,
and objectives. Financial planning services will typically involve preparing a financial plan or
rendering a financial consultation for clients based on the client’s financial goals and
objectives. This planning or consulting may encompass Investment Planning, Retirement
Planning, Estate Planning, Charitable Planning, Education Planning, Corporate and Personal
Tax Planning, Cost Segregation Study, Corporate Structure, Real Estate Analysis,
Mortgage/Debt Analysis, Insurance Analysis, Lines of Credit Evaluation, or Business and
Personal Financial Planning.
Tailoring of Advisory Services:
We offer individualized investment advice to clients utilizing the Investment Management
service offered by our firm. Additionally, we offer general investment advice to clients utilizing
our Financial Planning & Consulting services.
On more than an occasional basis, Nerad + Deppe Wealth Management furnishes advice to
clients on matters not involving securities, such as financial planning matters, taxation issues,
and trust services that often include estate planning.
Each client has the opportunity to place reasonable restrictions on the types of investments to be
held in the portfolio. Restrictions on investments in certain securities or types of securities may
not be possible due to the level of difficulty this would entail in managing the account.
Restrictions would be limited to our Investment Management service. We do not manage
assets through our other services.
Participation in Wrap Fee Programs:
We do not offer wrap fee programs.
Regulatory Assets Under Management:
Our firm manages $176,299,070 on a discretionary basis and $0 on a non-discretionary basis as
of December 31, 2025.
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Item 5: Fees & Compensation
We are required to describe our brokerage, custody, fees, and fund expenses so you will know
how much you are charged and by whom for our advisory services provided to you. Our fees
are generally negotiable.
Investment Management:
The maximum annual fee charged for these services will not exceed 1.25%. Fees are
determined by individual investor attributes, such as age, time horizon, risk tolerance, net
worth, and financial goals. Fees are negotiable and will be deducted from the client
account(s). Wherever appropriate, fees will be debited from what we believe to be the most
advantageous account within the household. Fees to be assessed will be outlined in the
advisory agreement to be signed by the client. Annualized fees are billed on a pro-rata basis
quarterly in advance based on the value of the account(s) on the last day of the previous
quarter. Adjustments will be made for deposits and withdrawals during the quarter. Our firm
does not offer direct invoicing. Our firm bills on cash unless otherwise agreed upon.
The maximum annual fee charged to clients utilizing third-party managers will not exceed the
maximum fee published above for this service. Our firm will debit fees for this service as
disclosed in the executed advisory agreement between the client and our firm. This fee shall be
in addition to any fees assessed by the chosen third-party manager. The third-party managers
we recommend will not directly charge you a higher fee than they would have charged without
us introducing you to them. Third-party managers establish and maintain their own separate
billing processes over which we have no control. They will directly bill you and describe how
this works in their separate written disclosure documents.
As part of this process, Clients understand the following:
a) The client’s independent custodian sends statements at least quarterly showing the
market values for each security included in the Assets and all account disbursements,
including the amount of the advisory fees paid to our firm;
b) Clients will provide authorization permitting our firm to be directly paid by these terms.
Our firm will send an invoice directly to the custodian; and
c) If our firm sends a copy of our invoice to the client, urging the comparison of information
provided in our statement with those from the qualified custodian will be included.
Financial Planning & Consulting:
Our firm charges on an hourly or flat fee basis for financial planning and consulting services.
The total estimated fee, as well as the ultimate fee charged, is based on the scope and
complexity of our engagement with the client. The maximum hourly fee to be charged will not
exceed $250. Flat fees range from $1,200 to $10,000. The fee-paying arrangements will be
determined on a case-by-case basis and will be detailed in the signed consulting agreement.
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Our firm will not require a retainer exceeding $1200 when services cannot be rendered within
six months.
Financial Planning & Consulting clients who also engage our firm for Investment Management
services may elect to have fees for financial planning and consulting services to be deducted
from their managed account(s) on a pro-rata basis quarterly basis in advance. As part of this
process, Clients understand the following:
a) Clients must provide our firm with written authorization permitting direct payment of
advisory fees from their account(s) maintained by a custodian who is independent of our
firm;
b) Our firm sends quarterly statements to the client showing the fee amount, the value of
the assets upon which the fee is based, and the specific manner in which the fee is
calculated as well as disclosing that it is the client’s responsibility to verify the accuracy
of fee calculation, and that the custodian does not determine its accuracy; and
c) The account custodian sends a statement to the client, at least quarterly, showing all
account disbursements, including advisory fees.
Other Types of Fees & Expenses:
Clients may incur transaction charges for trades executed by their custodian via individual
transaction charges. These transaction fees are separate from our fees and will be disclosed by
the account custodian. Fidelity Brokerage Services (“Fidelity”) eliminated transaction fees for
U.S. listed equities and exchange-traded funds for client who opt into electronic delivery of
statements or maintain at least $1 million in assets at Fidelity. Clients who do not want to meet
either criteria will be subject to transaction fees charged by Fidelity for U.S. listed equities and
exchange-traded funds. Fidelity also charges an annualized fee of $20 in quarterly installments
for each client account custodied at Fidelity.
Clients may also pay holdings charges imposed by the chosen custodian for certain
investments, charges imposed directly by a mutual fund, index fund, or exchange-traded fund
which shall be disclosed in the fund’s prospectus (e.g., fund management fees, distribution
fees, surrender charges, IRA and qualified retirement plan fees, mark-ups and mark-downs,
spreads paid to market makers, fees for trades executed away from custodian, wire transfer
fees and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities transactions). Our firm
does not receive a portion of these fees.
Our firm, in its sole discretion, may waive its minimum account balance requirement and/or
charge a lesser financial planning or investment advisory fee based upon certain criteria (e.g.,
historical relationship, type of assets, anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated future
additional assets, dollar amounts of assets to be managed, related accounts, account
composition, negotiations with clients, etc.).
Termination & Refunds:
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Either party may terminate the advisory agreement signed with our firm for Investment
Management services in writing at any time. Upon notice of termination our firm will process a
pro-rata refund of the unearned portion of the advisory fees charged in advance which clients
shall receive at the start of the next quarter.
Financial Planning & Consulting clients may terminate their agreement at any time before the
delivery of a financial plan by providing written notice. For purposes of calculating refunds, all
work performed by us up to the point of termination shall be calculated at the hourly fee
disclosed in the signed consulting agreement. Clients will receive a pro-rata refund of unearned
fees based on the time and effort expended by our firm.
Commissionable Securities Sales:
Our firm and its representatives do not sell securities for a commission in advisory accounts.
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management
Our firm does not charge performance-based fees.
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements
We have the following types of clients:
Individuals;
•
• High Net Worth Individuals;
• Trusts, Estates or Charitable Organizations; &
• Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans.
Our requirements for opening and maintaining accounts or otherwise engaging us:
• We generally require a minimum account balance of $500,000 for our Investment
Management service. However, our firm, in its sole discretion, may reduce or waive the
minimum account balance requirement on a case-by-case basis.
• Written financial plans are generally assessed a minimum fee of $1,200.
Clients who opt into electronic delivery of statements or maintain at least $1 million in assets at
Fidelity will not be charged transaction fees for U.S. listed equities and exchange-traded funds.
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis:
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Charting: In this type of technical analysis, our firm reviews charts of market and security activity
in an attempt to identify when the market is moving up or down and to predict when how long
the trend may last and when that trend might reverse.
Cyclical Analysis: Statistical analysis of specific events occurring at a sufficient number of
relatively predictable intervals that they can be forecasted into the future. Cyclical analysis
asserts that cyclical forces drive price movements in the financial markets. Risks include that
cycles may invert or disappear and there is no expectation that this type of analysis will pinpoint
turning points, instead be used in conjunction with other methods of analysis.
Fundamental Analysis. We attempt to measure the intrinsic value of a security by looking at
economic and financial factors (including the overall economy, industry conditions, and the
financial condition and management of the company itself) to determine if the company is
underpriced (indicating it may be a good time to buy) or overpriced (indicating it may be time to
sell). Fundamental analysis does not attempt to anticipate market movements. This presents a
potential risk, as the price of a security can move up or down along with the overall market
regardless of the economic and financial factors considered in evaluating the stock.
Technical Analysis. We analyze past market movements and apply that analysis to the present
in an attempt to recognize recurring patterns of investor behavior and potentially predict future
price movement. Technical analysis does not consider the underlying financial condition of a
company. This presents a risk in that a poorly managed or financially unsound company may
underperform regardless of market movement.
Investment Strategies We Use:
Long-term purchases. When utilizing this strategy, we may purchase securities with the idea of
holding them for a relatively long time (typically held for at least a year). A risk in a long-term
purchase strategy is that by holding the security for this length of time, we may not take
advantages of short-term gains that could be profitable to a client. Moreover, if our predictions
are incorrect, a security may decline sharply in value before we make the decision to sell.
Short-term purchases. When utilizing this strategy, we may also purchase securities with the idea
of selling them within a relatively short time (typically a year or less). We do this in an attempt
to take advantage of conditions that we believe will soon result in a price swing in the securities
we purchase.
Options: An option is a financial derivative that represents a contract sold by one party (the
option writer) to another party (the option holder, or option buyer). The contract offers the
buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security or other financial asset at an
agreed-upon price (the strike price) during a certain period of time or on a specific date (exercise
date). Options are extremely versatile securities. Traders use options to speculate, which is a
relatively risky practice, while hedgers use options to reduce the risk of holding an asset. In terms
of speculation, option buyers and writers have conflicting views regarding the outlook on the
performance of a:
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• Call Option: Call options give the option to buy at certain price, so the buyer would want
the stock to go up. Conversely, the option writer needs to provide the underlying shares
in the event that the stock's market price exceeds the strike due to the contractual
obligation. An option writer who sells a call option believes that the underlying stock's
price will drop relative to the option's strike price during the life of the option, as that is
how he will reap maximum profit. This is exactly the opposite outlook of the option
buyer. The buyer believes that the underlying stock will rise; if this happens, the buyer
will be able to acquire the stock for a lower price and then sell it for a profit. However, if
the underlying stock does not close above the strike price on the expiration date, the
option buyer would lose the premium paid for the call option.
• Put Option: Put options give the option to sell at a certain price, so the buyer would want
the stock to go down. The opposite is true for put option writers. For example, a put
option buyer is bearish on the underlying stock and believes its market price will fall
below the specified strike price on or before a specified date. On the other hand, an
option writer who sells a put option believes the underlying stock's price will increase
about a specified price on or before the expiration date. If the underlying stock's price
closes above the specified strike price on the expiration date, the put option writer's
maximum profit is achieved. Conversely, a put option holder would only benefit from a
fall in the underlying stock's price below the strike price. If the underlying stock's price
falls below the strike price, the put option writer is obligated to purchase shares of the
underlying stock at the strike price.
The potential risks associated with these transactions are that (1) all options expire. The closer
the option gets to expiration, the quicker the premium in the option deteriorates; and (2) Prices
can move very quickly. Depending on factors such as time until expiration and the relationship
of the stock price to the option’s strike price, small movements in a stock can translate into big
movements in the underlying options.
Futures: Futures are financial contracts obligating the buyer to purchase an asset or the seller to
sell an asset, such as a physical commodity or a financial instrument, at a predetermined future
date and price. Futures contracts detail the quality and quantity of the underlying asset; they are
standardized to facilitate trading on a futures exchange. Some futures contracts may call for
physical delivery of the asset, while others are settled in cash. The futures markets are
characterized by the ability to use very high leverage relative to stock markets. Futures can be
used to hedge or speculate on the price movement of the underlying asset. For example, a
producer of corn could use futures to lock in a certain price and reduce risk, or anybody could
speculate on the price movement of corn by going long or short using futures.
Futures contracts are used to manage potential movements in the prices of the underlying
assets. If market participants anticipate an increase in the price of an underlying asset in the
future, they could potentially gain by purchasing the asset in a futures contract and selling it
later at a higher price on the spot market or profiting from the favorable price difference through
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cash settlement. However, they could also lose if an asset's price is eventually lower than the
purchase price specified in the futures contract. Conversely, if the price of an underlying asset is
expected to fall, some may sell the asset in a futures contract and buy it back later at a lower
price on the spot.
The purpose of hedging is not to gain from favorable price movements but prevent losses from
potentially unfavorable price changes and in the process, maintain a predetermined financial
result as permitted under the current market price. To hedge, someone is in the business of
actually using or producing the underlying asset in a futures contract. When there is a gain from
the futures contract, there is always a loss from the spot market, or vice versa. With such a gain
and loss offsetting each other, the hedging effectively locks in the acceptable, current market
price.
Inverse Exchange Traded Funds: An ETF traded on a public stock market, which is designed to
perform as the inverse of whatever index or benchmark it is designed to track. These funds work
by using short selling, trading derivatives such as futures contracts, and other leveraged
investment techniques. Investing in inversion ETFs is similar to holding various short positions,
or using a combination of advanced investment strategies to profit from falling prices. Also
known as a "Short ETF," or "Bear ETF." Inverse ETFs along with other ETFs that use derivatives,
typically are not used as long-term investments. Many inverse ETFs utilize daily futures
contracts to produce their returns, and this frequent trading often increases fund expenses.
Inverse and leveraged inverse ETFs tend to have higher expense ratios than standard index ETFs,
since the funds are by their nature actively managed; these costs can eat away at performance.
An inverse ETF needs to buy when the market rises and sell when it falls in order to maintain a
fixed leverage ratio. This results in a volatility loss proportional to the market variance.
Compared to a short position with identical initial exposure, the inverse ETF will therefore
usually deliver inferior returns. The exception is if the market declines significantly on low
volatility so that the capital gain outweighs the volatility loss. Such large declines benefit the
inverse ETF because the relative exposure of the short position drops as the market falls. Since
the risk of the inverse ETF and a fixed short position will differ significantly as the index drifts
away from its initial value, differences in realized payoff have no clear interpretation. It may
therefore be better to evaluate the performance assuming the index returns to the initial level.
In that case an inverse ETF will always incur a volatility loss relative to the short position. As with
synthetic options, leveraged ETFs need to be frequently rebalanced. These strategies are
generally designed for intra-day trading, however may be held for longer durations in cases we
deem it prudent to do so.
Please Note:
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. While the stock
market may increase and your account(s) could enjoy a gain, it is also possible that the stock
market may decrease, and your account(s) could suffer a loss. It is important that you
understand the risks associated with investing in the stock market, and that your assets are
diversified in investments, when appropriate. Clients are encouraged to ask our firm any
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questions regarding their risk tolerance, which we feel should be based on investment
opportunities currently available in the market.
Description of Material, Significant or Unusual Risks:
Capital Risk: Capital risk is one of the most basic, fundamental risks of investing; it is the risk
that you may lose 100% of your money. All investments carry some form of risk and the loss of
capital is generally a risk for any investment instrument.
Economic Risk: The prevailing economic environment is important to the health of all
businesses. Some companies, however, are more sensitive to changes in the domestic or global
economy than others. These types of companies are often referred to as cyclical businesses.
Countries in which a large portion of businesses are in cyclical industries are thus also very
economically sensitive and carry a higher amount of economic risk. If an investment is issued by
a party located in a country that experiences wide swings from an economic standpoint or in
situations where certain elements of an investment instrument are hinged on dealings in such
countries, the investment instrument will generally be subject to a higher level of economic risk.
Equity (Stock) Market Risk: Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market
fluctuations and, volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and
perceptions of their issuers change. If you held common stock, or common stock equivalents,
of any given issuer, you would generally be exposed to greater risk than if you held preferred
stocks and debt obligations of the issuer.
ETF & Mutual Fund Risk: When investing in an ETF or mutual fund, you will bear additional
expenses based on your pro rata share of the ETF’s or mutual fund’s operating expenses,
including the potential duplication of management fees. The risk of owning an ETF or mutual
fund generally reflects the risks of owning the underlying securities, the ETF, or mutual fund
holds. Clients will also incur brokerage costs when purchasing ETFs.
Financial Risk: Financial risk is represented by internal disruptions within an investment or the
issuer of an investment that can lead to unfavorable performance of the investment. Examples
of financial risk can be found in cases like Enron or many of the dot com companies that were
caught up in a period of extraordinary market valuations that were not based on solid financial
footings of the companies.
Fixed Income Securities Risk: Typically, the values of fixed-income securities change inversely
with prevailing interest rates. Therefore, a fundamental risk of fixed-income securities is interest
rate risk, which is the risk that their value will generally decline as prevailing interest rates rise,
which may cause your account value to likewise decrease, and vice versa. How specific fixed
income securities may react to changes in interest rates will depend on the specific
characteristics of each security. Fixed-income securities are also subject to credit risk,
prepayment risk, valuation risk, and liquidity risk. Credit risk is the chance that a bond issuer will
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fail to pay interest and principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s
ability to make such payments will cause the price of a bond to decline.
Inflation Risk: Inflation risk involves the concern that in the future, your investment or proceeds
from your investment will not be worth what they are today. Throughout time, the prices of
resources and end-user products generally increase and thus, the same general goods and
products today will likely be more expensive in the future. The longer an investment is held, the
greater the chance that the proceeds from that investment will be worth less in the future than
what they are today. Said another way, a dollar tomorrow will likely get you less than what it can
today.
Interest Rate Risk: Certain investments involve the payment of a fixed or variable rate of
interest to the investment holder. Once an investor has acquired or has acquired the rights to an
investment that pays a particular rate (fixed or variable) of interest, changes in overall interest
rates in the market will affect the value of the interest-paying investment(s) they hold. In
general, changes in prevailing interest rates in the market will have an inverse relationship to the
value of existing, interest paying investments. In other words, as interest rates move up, the
value of an instrument paying a particular rate (fixed or variable) of interest will go down. The
reverse is generally true as well.
Market Risk: The value of your portfolio may decrease if the value of an individual company or
multiple companies in the portfolio decreases or if our belief about a company’s intrinsic worth
is incorrect. Further, regardless of how well individual companies perform, the value of your
portfolio could also decrease if there are deteriorating economic or market conditions. It is
important to understand that the value of your investment may fall, sometimes sharply, in
response to changes in the market, and you could lose money. Investment risks include price risk
as may be observed by a drop in a security’s price due to company specific events (e.g. earnings
disappointment or downgrade in the rating of a bond) or general market risk (e.g. such as a
“bear” market when stock values fall in general). For fixed-income securities, a period of rising
interest rates could erode the value of a bond since bond values generally fall as bond yields go
up. Past performance is not a guarantee of future returns.
Past Performance: Charting and technical analysis are often used interchangeably. Technical
analysis generally attempts to forecast an investment’s future potential by analyzing its past
performance and other related statistics. In particular, technical analysis often times involves an
evaluation of historical pricing and volume of a particular security for the purpose of forecasting
where future price and volume figures may go. As with any investment analysis method,
technical analysis runs the risk of not knowing the future and thus, investors should realize that
even the most diligent and thorough technical analysis cannot predict or guarantee the future
performance of any particular investment instrument or issuer thereof.
Strategy Risk: There is no guarantee that the investment strategies discussed herein will work
under all market conditions and each investor should evaluate his/her ability to maintain any
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investment he/she is considering in light of his/her own investment time horizon. Investments
are subject to risk, including possible loss of principal.
Our firm generally invests client cash balances in money market funds, FDIC Insured Certificates
of Deposit, high-grade commercial paper and/or government backed debt instruments.
Ultimately, our firm tries to achieve the highest return on client cash balances through relatively
low-risk conservative investments. In most cases, at least a partial cash balance will be
maintained in a money market account so that our firm may debit advisory fees for our
Investment Management service, as applicable.
Compounding Risk: Compounding risk is one of the main types of risks affecting inverse ETFs.
Inverse ETFs held for periods longer than one day are affected by compounding returns. Since
an inverse ETF has a single-day investment objective of providing investment results that are
one times the inverse of its underlying index, the fund's performance likely differs from its
investment objective for periods greater than one day. Investors who wish to hold inverse ETFs
for periods exceeding one day must actively manage and rebalance their positions to mitigate
compounding risk. The effect of compounding returns becomes more conspicuous during
periods of high market turbulence. During periods of high volatility, the effects of
compounding returns cause an inverse ETF's investment results for periods longer than one
single day to substantially vary from one times the inverse of the underlying index's return.
Derivative Securities Risk: Many inverse ETFs provide exposure by employing derivatives.
Derivative securities are considered aggressive investments and expose inverse ETFs to more
risks, such as correlation risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. Swaps are contracts in which one
party exchanges cash flows of a predetermined financial instrument for cash flows of a
counterparty's financial instrument for a specified period. Swaps on indexes and ETFs are
designed to track the performances of their underlying indexes or securities. The performance
of an ETF may not perfectly track the inverse performance of the index due to expense ratios
and other factors, such as negative effects of rolling futures contracts. Therefore, inverse ETFs
that use swaps on ETFs usually carry greater correlation risk and may not achieve high degrees
of correlation with their underlying indexes compared to funds that only employ index swaps.
Additionally, inverse ETFs using swap agreements are subject to credit risk. A counterparty
may be unwilling or unable to meet its obligations and, therefore, the value of swap
agreements with the counterparty may decline by a substantial amount. Derivative securities
tend to carry liquidity risk, and inverse funds holding derivative securities may not be able to
buy or sell their holdings in a timely manner, or they may not be able to sell their holdings at a
reasonable price.
Correlation Risk: Inverse ETFs are also subject to correlation risk, which may be caused by
many factors, such as high fees, transaction costs, expenses, illiquidity and investing
methodologies. Although inverse ETFs seek to provide a high degree of negative correlation to
their underlying indexes, these ETFs usually rebalance their portfolios daily, which leads to
higher expenses and transaction costs incurred when adjusting the portfolio. Moreover,
reconstitution and index rebalancing events may cause inverse funds to be underexposed or
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overexposed to their benchmarks. These factors may decrease the inverse correlation between
an inverse ETF and its underlying index on or around the day of these events.
Futures contracts are exchange-traded derivatives that have a predetermined delivery date of
a specified quantity of a certain underlying security, or they may settle for cash on a
predetermined date. With respect to inverse ETFs using futures contracts, during times of
backwardation, funds roll their positions into less-expensive, further-dated futures contracts.
Conversely, in contango markets, funds roll their positions into more-expensive, further-dated
futures. Due to the effects of negative and positive roll yields, it is unlikely for inverse ETFs
invested in futures contracts to maintain perfectly negative correlations to their underlying
indexes on a daily basis.
Short Sale Exposure Risk: Inverse ETFs may seek short exposure through the use of derivative
securities, such as swaps and futures contracts, which may cause these funds to be exposed to
risks associated with short selling securities. An increase in the overall level of volatility and a
decrease in the level of liquidity of the underlying securities of short positions are the two
major risks of short selling derivative securities. These risks may lower short-selling funds'
returns, resulting in a loss.
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
There are no legal or disciplinary events that are material to the evaluation of our advisory
business or the integrity of our management.
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations
Our firm is not registered, nor does it have an application pending to register, as a broker-dealer,
registered representative of a broker dealer, municipal securities dealer, government securities
dealer or broker, investment company or pooled investment vehicle (including a mutual fund,
closed-end investment company, unit investment trust, private investment company or “hedge
fund,” or offshore fund), other investment adviser or financial planner, futures commission
merchant, commodity pool operator, commodity trading advisor, banking or thrift institution,
accountant or accounting firm, lawyer or law firm, insurance company or agency, pension
consultant, real estate broker or dealer or a sponsor or syndicator of limited partnership, or an
associated person of the foregoing entities.
Please refer to Item 4 above for more information about the selection of third-party managers.
Prior to recommending any third-party manager, our firm will ensure that the chosen party is
properly licensed or registered with respective authorities.
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions &
Personal Trading
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An investment adviser is considered a fiduciary and our firm has a fiduciary duty to all clients. As a
fiduciary, it is an investment adviser’s responsibility to provide fair and full disclosure of all
material facts and to act solely in the best interest of each of our clients at all times. Our fiduciary
duty is considered the core underlying principle for our Code of Ethics which also includes Insider
Trading and Personal Securities Transactions Policies and Procedures. If a client or a potential
client wishes to review our Code of Ethics in its entirety, a copy will be provided upon request.
We recognize that the personal investment transactions of members and employees of our firm
demand the application of a high Code of Ethics and require that all such transactions be carried
out in a way that does not endanger the interest of any client. At the same time, we believe that if
investment goals are similar for clients and for members and employees of our firm, it is logical
and even desirable that there be common ownership of some securities.
Therefore, in order to prevent conflicts of interest, we have in place a set of procedures (including
a pre-clearing procedure) with respect to transactions effected by our members, officers and
employees for their personal accounts1. In order to monitor compliance with our personal trading
policy, we have a quarterly securities transaction reporting system for all of our associates. Upon
employment or affiliation and at least annually thereafter, all supervised persons will sign an
acknowledgement that they have read, understand, and agree to comply with our Code of Ethics.
Neither our firm nor a related person recommends to clients, or buys or sells for client
accounts, securities in which our firm or a related person has a material financial interest.
Related persons of our firm may buy or sell securities and other investments that are also
recommended to clients. In order to minimize this conflict of interest, our related persons will
place client interests ahead of their own interests and adhere to our firm’s Code of Ethics.
Further, our related persons will refrain from buying or selling the same securities that will be
bought or sold for our clients in the same day unless done so after the client execution or
concurrently as part of a block trade. Our related persons may buy or sell the same securities as
client accounts via market on close orders.
Our firm and supervised persons must conduct business in an honest, ethical, and fair manner and
avoid all circumstances that might negatively affect or appear to affect our duty of complete
loyalty to all clients. This disclosure is provided to give all clients a summary of our Code of Ethics.
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
Selecting a Brokerage Firm:
1
For purposes of the policy, our associate’s personal account generally includes any account (a) in the name of our associate, his/her spouse,
his/her minor children or other dependents residing in the same household, (b) for which our associate is a trustee or executor, or (c) which our
associate controls, including our client accounts which our associate controls and/or a member of his/her household has a direct or indirect
beneficial interest in.
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While our firm does not maintain physical custody of client assets, we are deemed to have
custody of certain client assets if given the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts
(see Item 15 Custody, below). Client assets must be maintained by a qualified custodian. Our firm
seeks to recommend a custodian who will hold client assets and execute transactions on terms
that are overall most advantageous when compared to other available providers and their
services. The factors considered, among others, are these:
• Timeliness of execution
• Timeliness and accuracy of trade confirmations
• Research services provided
• Ability to provide investment ideas
• Execution facilitation services provided
• Record keeping services provided
• Custody services provided
• Frequency and correction of trading errors
• Ability to access a variety of market venues
• Expertise as it relates to specific securities
• Financial condition
• Business reputation
• Quality of services
Our firm has an arrangement with National Financial Services LLC and Fidelity Brokerage
Services LLC (collectively, and together with all affiliates, "Fidelity") through which Fidelity
provides our firm with "institutional platform services." Our firm is independently operated and
owned and is not affiliated with Fidelity. The institutional platform services include, among
others, brokerage, custody, and other related services. Fidelity's institutional platform services
that assist us in managing and administering clients' accounts include software and other
technology that (i) provide access to client account data (such as trade confirmations and
account statements); (ii) facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for
multiple client accounts; (iii) provide research, pricing and other market data; (iv) facilitate
payment of fees from its clients' accounts; and (v) assist with back-office functions,
recordkeeping and client reporting.
Fidelity may make certain research and brokerage services available at no additional cost to our
firm. Research products and services provided by Fidelity may include: research reports on
recommendations or other information about particular companies or industries; economic
surveys, data and analyses; financial publications; portfolio evaluation services; financial
database software and services; computerized news and pricing services; quotation equipment
for use in running software used in investment decision-making; and other products or services
that provide lawful and appropriate assistance by Fidelity to our firm in the performance of our
investment decision-making responsibilities. The aforementioned research and brokerage
services qualify for the safe harbor exemption defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934.
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Fidelity does not make client brokerage commissions generated by client transactions available
for our firm’s use. The aforementioned research and brokerage services are used by our firm to
manage accounts for which our firm has investment discretion. Without this arrangement, our
firm might be compelled to purchase the same or similar services at our own expense.
As part of our fiduciary duty to our clients, our firm will endeavor at all times to put the interests
of our clients first. Clients should be aware, however, that the receipt of economic benefits by
our firm or our related persons creates a potential conflict of interest and may indirectly
influence our firm’s choice of Fidelity as a custodial recommendation. Our firm examined this
potential conflict of interest when our firm chose to recommend Fidelity and have determined
that the recommendation is in the best interest of our firm’s clients and satisfies our fiduciary
obligations, including our duty to seek best execution.
Our clients may pay a transaction fee or commission to Fidelity that is higher than another
qualified broker dealer might charge to effect the same transaction where our firm determines
in good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and
research services provided to the client as a whole.
In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether
the transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full
range of a broker-dealer’s services, including the value of research provided, execution
capability, commission rates, and responsiveness. Although our firm will seek competitive rates,
to the benefit of all clients, our firm may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission
rates for specific client account transactions.
Soft Dollars:
Our firm does not receive soft dollars in excess of what is allowed by Section 28(e) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The safe harbor research products and services obtained by
our firm will generally be used to service all our clients but not necessarily all at any one
particular time.
Client Brokerage Commissions:
Fidelity does not make client brokerage commissions generated by client transactions
available for our firm’s use.
Client Transactions in Return for Soft Dollars:
Our firm does not direct client transactions to a particular broker-dealer in return for soft dollar
benefits.
Brokerage for Client Referrals:
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Our firm does not receive brokerage for client referrals.
Directed Brokerage:
Neither our firm nor any of our firm’s representatives have discretionary authority in making the
determination of the brokers-dealers and/or custodians with whom orders for the purchase or sale
of securities are placed for execution, and the commission rates at which such securities
transactions are effected. Our firm recommends the use of Fidelity. Each client will be required to
establish their account(s) with Fidelity if not already done. Please note that not all advisers have
this requirement.
Client-Directed Brokerage:
Our firm does not allow client-directed brokerage outside our recommendations.
Aggregation of Purchase or Sale:
We perform investment management services for various clients. There are occasions on which
portfolio transactions may be executed as part of concurrent authorizations to purchase or sell
the same security for numerous accounts served by our firm, which involve accounts with similar
investment objectives. Although such concurrent authorizations potentially could be either
advantageous or disadvantageous to any one or more particular accounts, they are affected only
when we believe that to do so will be in the best interest of the effected accounts. When such
concurrent authorizations occur, the objective is to allocate the executions in a manner which is
deemed equitable to the accounts involved. In any given situation, we attempt to allocate trade
executions in the most equitable manner possible, taking into consideration client objectives,
current asset allocation and availability of funds using price averaging, proration and consistently
non-arbitrary methods of allocation.
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans
Our management personnel, Steven Deppe and Richard Nerad, who is also our firm’s Chief
Compliance Officer, typically conduct reviews of accounts on a monthly basis for our Investment
Management clients. In the event Mr. Deppe and Mr. Nerad cannot conduct reviews at least
monthly, accounts will be reviewed no less than annually. The purpose of these reviews is to
educate clients about our practices and provide detailed explanations for our firm’s investment
decisions, taking into consideration the state of the market and other variables. Our firm does
not provide written reports, unless asked to do so. Verbal reports to clients take place on at least
an annual basis when our Investment Management clients are contacted.
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Our firm may review client accounts more frequently than described above. Among the factors
which may trigger an off-cycle review are major market or economic events, the client’s life
events, requests by the client, etc.
Financial Planning clients do not receive reviews of their written plans unless they take action to
schedule a financial consultation with us. Our firm does not provide ongoing services to financial
planning clients, but are willing to meet with such clients upon their request to discuss updates
to their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc. Financial Planning clients do not receive
written or verbal updated reports regarding their financial plans unless they separately engage
our firm for a post-financial plan meeting or update to their initial written financial plan.
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation
Fidelity:
Except for the arrangements outlined in Item 12 of Form ADV Part 2A, our firm has no additional
arrangements to disclose.
Referral Fees:
Our firm does not pay referral fees (non-commission based) to independent solicitors (non-
registered representatives) for the referral of their clients to our firm in accordance with Rule
206 (4)-3 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
Item 15: Custody
Deduction of Advisory Fees:
While our firm does not maintain physical custody of client assets (which are maintained by a
qualified custodian, as discussed above), we are deemed to have custody of certain client
assets if given the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts, as further described
below under “Third Party Money Movement.” All of our clients receive account statements
directly from their qualified custodian(s) at least quarterly upon opening of an account. We
urge our clients to carefully review these statements. Additionally, if our firm decides to send
its own account statements to clients, such statements will include a legend that recommends
the client compare the account statements received from the qualified custodian with those
received from our firm. Clients are encouraged to raise any questions with us about the
custody, safety or security of their assets and our custodial recommendations.
Third-Party Money Movement:
The SEC issued a no-action letter (“Letter”) with respect to the Rule 206(4)-2 (“Custody Rule”)
under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). The letter provided guidance on the
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Custody Rule as well as clarified that an adviser who has the power to disburse client funds to a
third party under a standing letter of instruction (“SLOA”) is deemed to have custody. As such,
our firm has adopted the following safeguards. As such, our firm has adopted the following
safeguarding procedures in conjunction with our custodian, Fidelity:
• Fidelity’s forms, used to establish a standing letter of authorization, include the name
and account number on the receiving account and must be signed by the client.
• Fidelity’s SLOA forms currently require client’s signature.
• Fidelity performs verification on all SLOA forms and sends a transfer of notice to the
client promptly following the transaction.
• Clients always have the ability to terminate (or amend) an SLOA in writing.
• Our firm has no authority, or ability, to amend the third party designated on a standing
instruction.
• Our firm maintains records showing the third party is not a related party of our firm or
located at our firm.
• Fidelity notifies the client in writing when a new standing instruction is set up. Clients
also receive an annual mailing reconfirming the existence of the standing instruction.
Item 16: Investment Discretion
Our firm requires clients to provide us with discretionary authority over their account(s). By
granting investment discretion, our firm is authorized to execute securities transactions,
determine which securities are bought and sold, and the total amount to be bought and sold.
Should clients grant our firm non-discretionary authority, our firm would be required to obtain
the client’s permission prior to effecting securities transactions. Limitations may be imposed by
the client in the form of specific constraints on any of these areas of discretion with our firm’s
written acknowledgement.
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
Our firm does not accept the proxy authority to vote client securities. Clients will receive proxies
or other solicitations directly from their custodian or a transfer agent. If proxies are sent to our
firm, our firm will forward them to the appropriate client and ask the party who sent them to
mail them directly to the client in the future. Clients may call, write, or email us to discuss
questions they may have about particular proxy votes or other solicitations.
Item 18: Financial Information
Our firm is not required to provide financial information in this Brochure because:
• We do not require the prepayment of more than $1200 in fees and six or more months in
advance.
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• We do not take custody of client funds or securities.
• We do not have a financial condition or commitment that impairs our ability to meet
contractual and fiduciary obligations to clients.
• Our firm has never been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
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