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PACE FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC.
FORM ADV PART 2A – FIRM BROCHURE
ITEM 1 – COVER PAGE
FORM ADV PART 2A
Corporate (Main) Office:
421 SE Washington Street
Hillsboro, Oregon 97123
Phone: (971) 727-8434
Website: www.pace-fa.com
Branch Office:
111 SE 3rd Avenue, Suite B
Hillsboro, Oregon 97123
Phone: (971) 377-2480
March 31, 2026
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Pace
Financial Advisors, Inc. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please
contact us at (971) 727-8434. The information in this brochure has not been approved or
verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any state
securities authority.
Please note that the use of the term “registered investment advisor” and description of our
firm and/or our associates as “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Clients are encouraged to review this brochure and any brochure supplements (“brochure
supplements”) for more information on the qualifications of our firm and our associates.
Additional information about Pace Financial Advisors, Inc. is available on the SEC’s website
at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. The searchable IARD/CRD number for our firm is 318359.
PACE FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC.
FORM ADV PART 2A – FIRM BROCHURE
ITEM 2 – MATERIAL CHANGES
This brochure contains no material changes from the prior version of this brochure dated
April 4, 2025.
We will update this brochure and disclose in this Item 2 the occurrence of any material
changes with respect to our business in accordance with applicable law. All current clients
will receive a Summary of Material Changes to this and subsequent brochures within 120
days of the close of our fiscal year and certain additional updates regarding changes with
respect to our firm and our business practices as they may occur. This updated information
will be provided to you free of charge. A Summary of Material Changes is also included within
our brochure found on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. You can obtain
additional information about our firm by searching for us on the foregoing website using the
unique IARD/CRD number 318359.
A copy of this brochure will be provided to you free of charge by contacting us at (971) 727-
8434.
PACE FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC.
FORM ADV PART 2A – FIRM BROCHURE
ITEM 3 – TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Item 1 – Cover Page ....................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2 – Material Changes ............................................................................................................ 2
Item 3 – Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ 3
Item 4 – Advisory Business ........................................................................................................... 4
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation ................................................................................................. 8
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ........................................ 14
Item 7 – Types of Clients ............................................................................................................. 14
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss .................................. 15
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information ............................................................................................... 21
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations .................................................. 21
Item 11 – Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions, and Personal Trading
Policies .......................................................................................................................................... 22
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices .................................................................................................... 24
Item 13 – Review of Accounts ..................................................................................................... 27
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation ............................................................... 28
Item 15 – Custody ........................................................................................................................ 28
Item 16 – Investment Discretion ................................................................................................ 29
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities ............................................................................................... 30
Item 18 – Financial Information .................................................................................................. 30
PACE FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC.
FORM ADV PART 2A – FIRM BROCHURE
ITEM 4 – ADVISORY BUSINESS
A
About Our Firm. Pace Financial Advisors, Inc., is an Oregon corporation founded in
2021. Jeffrey D. Eischen is the sole principal of our firm. We are registered as an
investment advisor with the SEC and our principal offices are located in Hillsboro,
Oregon. We maintain a separate branch office that is also located in Hillsboro,
Oregon. We provide tailored investment advice to our clients acting in a fiduciary
capacity.
The information contained in this brochure describes our investment advisory
services, practices, and fees. Please refer to the description of each investment
advisory service listed below for information on how we tailor our services to the
needs of our clients. As used throughout this brochure, the words “PFA,” “we,” “our,”
“firm,” and “us” refer to Pace Financial Advisors, Inc., and the words “you,” “your,” and
“client” refer to you as either a client or prospective client of our firm.
Prior to forming an investment advisor-client relationship, we may offer you a
complimentary general consultation to discuss the nature of our services and to
determine how we may best assist you in reaching your investment goals and
objectives. Investment advisory services begin only upon your execution of a written
advisory agreement with PFA.
B C Our Services. We offer a variety of investment advisory services to clients. Our
investment advice is always tailored according to each client’s unique financial
circumstances, objectives, and needs. A description of our various investment
advisory services is as follows:
Wealth Management Services: We offer wealth management services that combine
ongoing and continuous portfolio management with ad-hoc financial consulting
services designed to assist our clients in the management of their overall financial
affairs.
When you engage us for these services, we will manage your designated investment
accounts on a discretionary basis in accordance with our understanding of your
unique financial circumstances, investment objectives, goals, and needs. You will be
required to deposit your assets within an account (or accounts) held in your name at
Charles Schwab & Co. (“Schwab”), Inc., who will serve as the independent qualified
custodian and execute transactions for your account at our instruction. We will not
be required to obtain your prior approval for each specific transaction we direct
within your account. You may impose reasonable restrictions on our management of
your account(s), including instructing us not to purchase certain specific securities,
industry sectors, and/or asset classes.
PACE FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC.
FORM ADV PART 2A – FIRM BROCHURE
to gather
information regarding your
We will consult with you at the inception of our relationship and periodically
thereafter, as necessary,
financial
circumstances, investment objectives and limitations, tolerance for investment risk,
and time horizon for investments. These consultations will typically include
discussion of your current and expected income level and cash flow needs, tax
considerations, the contents of your existing investment portfolio (if any), and various
other items we deem relevant in gaining an understanding of your financial
circumstances. Based on our analysis of these factors, we will then recommend and
implement a portfolio of investments intended to align with your investor profile. We
will monitor the performance of your account(s) at Schwab on an ongoing basis and
recommend and/or implement changes as needed or appropriate, in consideration
of current economic conditions, our market opinions and assumptions, and any
material changes in your individual financial circumstances, goals, and needs. It is
your ongoing responsibility to advise us promptly during our relationship of any
material changes in your financial circumstances which might alter our investment
advice to you.
Client portfolios are typically constructed using a diversified mix of some or all of the
following instruments: individual stocks and bonds, mutual funds, exchange traded
funds (“ETFs”), publicly traded real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), money market
funds, certificates of deposit, cash and cash equivalents. While these are the primary
types of investments we recommend to clients, we may also recommend other types
of investments based on your unique investment profile and needs. At your request,
we may also provide you with investment advice regarding other types of
investments, including certain legacy investments held by you at the inception of our
relationship.
Wealth management clients also receive complimentary ad-hoc financial consulting
services. Where requested, this advice may include, for example, assistance with
routine financial matters such as questions related to budgeting, cash flow, credit and
debt management, insurance coverage, and basic retirement planning concerns. We
will only review and update our ad-hoc financial consulting recommendations at your
specific request. This part of our wealth management services is entirely non-
discretionary in nature – you will make all final investment decisions and be
responsible for implementation and monitoring of all investments held outside of
your accounts at Schwab over which we maintain discretionary trading authority. This
complimentary advice is typically provided by phone, by e-mail, or in the course of
our consultations with you and is not intended to be a substitute for broad-based
financial planning services. We will not provide you with a written financial plan as
part of these services. Clients wishing to have us provide such broad-based services
or a written financial plan may only do so be entering a separate and discrete written
financial planning agreement with PFA.
PACE FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC.
FORM ADV PART 2A – FIRM BROCHURE
At your specific request, we may also provide you with non-discretionary investment
advice and recommendations with respect to investments contained in accounts that
are “held away” from your Schwab account(s) (e.g., employer sponsored retirement
accounts, qualified tuition plans, variable annuity sub-accounts). For these assets, we
are typically limited to advising you as to the allocation of your holdings among the
various investment options made available by the product sponsor, issuer, or
custodian. This advice is complimentary, and you will make all final investment
decisions and be responsible for the implementation and monitoring of all
investments contained in your held-away accounts.
Financial Planning and Consulting Services: Where the client seeks financial planning
and consulting advice beyond the scope of that provided as part of our wealth
management services, we offer financial planning and consulting advice on a stand-
alone basis. At your option, we may be engaged for broad-based financial planning
services or topic specific financial consulting services intended to address discrete
financial concerns, transactions, or events. These services may encompass advice
regarding, without limitation, some or all of the following financial topics, as you may
request:
Budgeting and Cash Management: Assisting you in understanding cash inflows
and outflows and setting and maintaining a sustainable budget.
Risk Management and Insurance Planning: Evaluating your areas of financial and
other risk and designing and recommending insurance coverage to protect
you, your family, and your home, assets, and cash flow from the effects of
unexpected events.
Financial Planning Relating to Specific Life/Business Events: Providing you with
specialized advice unique to events such as child birth, divorce, business
transactions, real estate transactions, and other specific events, both planned
and unplanned.
Estate Planning: Advance planning for your incapacitation and/or death,
including end of life care/disability planning, handling of your end of life
financial affairs, and the management and distribution of assets upon your
death in a tax and cost efficient manner.
Tax Planning: Analyzing your unique tax circumstances and current tax
regulations and designing tax efficient strategies intended to reduce your tax
liabilities in the short and long term.
Retirement Planning: Assisting you in the design and implementation of a long
term income and asset management plan intended to grow and protect your
PACE FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC.
FORM ADV PART 2A – FIRM BROCHURE
income and assets so as to enable you to maintain your desired standard of
living in retirement.
Investment Planning/Investment Goal Setting: Designing an overall plan for the
investment and management of your assets, including investment accounts
(taxable and non-taxable), personal property, real property, and business
interests in a manner designed to achieve your short and long term goals and
objectives. We will also assist you in determining an appropriate set of
investment goals and objectives.
Educational Funding: Analyzing and designing a plan to fund the educational
needs you and your family.
Clients who engage us for these services receive a consultation or series of
consultations, as necessary, to discuss their unique financial circumstances,
investment objectives and needs, tolerance for risk, time horizon for investments,
and/or any particular issues of concern related to the selected financial planning and
consulting topics. We will review pertinent financial documents and information
provided by you and present you with a written financial plan or shorter report or
summary of recommendations as appropriate for the scope of the engagement. For
more limited engagements, our advice may be conveyed to you solely via in-person
consultations, telephonically, through video conferencing, and/or through e-mail
correspondence. Any financial plans or reports we provide will typically include a
summary of your financial circumstances and a course of action and/or investment
recommendations designed to assist you in achieving your stated financial goals.
These services are not ongoing in nature and conclude upon our final consultation
and/or our delivery of the requested written financial plan or report(s) to you. Unless
otherwise agreed in writing, we will not review or update our financial planning
recommendations or reports following their delivery to you. If you wish to have us
review and update our recommendations or reports, you will be required to enter
into a new contractual arrangement with us for these services. Additional fees will
apply.
You always maintain the sole and absolute discretion to accept or reject any of our
financial planning and consulting recommendations, in whole or in part, and shall be
responsible for the selection of service providers, the implementation of all
investments, and the ongoing monitoring of your investments. While you are never
obligated to utilize PFA for any further services, upon request, we may assist you with
the implementation of our financial recommendations - additional fees apply. Where
you choose to engage us for wealth management services following delivery of our
financial planning and consulting recommendations, we reserve the right to reduce
or offset the agreed upon financial planning and consulting fees that would otherwise
be charged upon the completion of services.
PACE FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC.
FORM ADV PART 2A – FIRM BROCHURE
We do not provide legal, accounting, or tax services of any kind. Clients are advised
to seek legal, tax, and accounting advice from their trusted tax and legal advisors.
Retirement Plan Consulting Services: We offer retirement plan consulting services to
qualified retirement plans and their fiduciaries based upon the needs of the plan and
the services requested by the plan sponsor or named fiduciary. In general, these
services may include a review of an existing plan, formulation of the investment policy
statement, assistance selecting and monitoring plan service providers,
recommendations regarding investment selection, on-going consulting, portfolio
investment education
management services, and participant enrollment and
services.
Where retirement plan consulting services are provided to a plan regulated under the
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), we will provide services
to the plan sponsor and/or named fiduciaries as described above for the fees set forth
in Item 5 of this brochure. In providing services to any plan and its underlying
participants, our status is that of an investment advisor registered under the
Investment Advisers Act of 1940. We are not subject to any disqualifications under
Section 411 of ERISA. We may offer fiduciary services acting as a fiduciary of the plan
as defined in ERISA Section 3(21), or as an investment manager as defined in ERISA
Section 3(38). In all cases, disclosure of our status under ERISA when providing these
services will be clearly set forth in a written advisory agreement with the client. If there
is any discrepancy between the disclosures in this paragraph and the agreement, the
agreement shall govern.
D
Wrap Fee Program. We do not currently sponsor, serve as a portfolio manager to, or
recommend any wrap fee programs to our clients.
Types of Investments and Strategies Recommended. The types of investments we
typically recommend to clients are described above in this Item 4. The investment
strategies we typically implement within client accounts are described in Item 8 of this
brochure.
E
Assets Under Management. As of December 31, 2025, we managed approximately
$362,100,721 in client assets on a discretionary basis and $0 of client assets on a non-
discretionary basis.
ITEM 5 – FEES AND COMPENSATION
A
Our Fees. A description of the advisory fees we charge for our services is set forth in
this Item 5. All fees are negotiable and individual clients may pay fees that are higher
or lower (or otherwise materially different) than those described in this brochure.
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PACE FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC.
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Fees for Wealth Management Services and Retirement Consulting Services: We generally
charge annual asset-based fees for these services ranging from 0.50% - 2.00% per
year of the market value of your account. Within these limitations, where you elect to
have PFA implement an options-based investment strategy in your account, your
account may be subject to an additional annual asset-based fee of up to 0.25% per
year. The cash value of certain specific client accounts may be excluded from our
advisory fee calculations, as we may agree in our written advisory agreement with
you. We may amend our advisory fees from time-to-time, but only on thirty (30) days’
advance written notice to you.
Fees for these services are payable to us either quarterly or monthly in arrears or
advance, as set forth in our written advisory agreement with the client. Where fees
are charged in arrears, we will utilize the market value of your account as of the last
trading day of the prior billing period to calculate our fees. Where fees are charged in
advance, we will utilize the market value of your account as of the date of deposit of
your assets to calculate our fees for the initial billing period. Thereafter we will utilize
the market value of your account as of the last trading day of the prior billing period
to calculate our fees.
Our annual fees are charged either at a flat rate across the entire market value of
your account or based on a customized tiered fee schedule and will be directly
deducted periodically from your account at the custodian. Fees shall be pro-rated for
any partial billing periods (based on the number of days services were provided). The
specific fee arrangement applicable to your account will be set forth in a written
advisory agreement you will enter with our firm.
You may make additions or withdrawals from your account at any time; however, you
should consider that some or all of the investments in your account may be intended
as long-term investments and withdrawals of cash and premature liquidations of
securities positions may impair the achievement of your investment objectives.
Clients should further note that our fees for these services are further adjusted for
any deposits to or withdrawals from your accounts based on the transaction date.
Our asset-based fees are typically calculated as a percentage of the market value of
your account (including cash balances, unless we otherwise agree) as such value is
determined by your custodian. The custodian may use various pricing services such
as Reuters and Standard & Poor’s to price securities held in your account. For actively
traded securities, these services use the actual last reported sale price. For less
actively traded securities such as bonds, these services will use the appropriate
valuation methodology to determine the value of the security. In rare instances where
a market-based price for a holding in your account is unavailable or difficult to
determine, alternative fair valuation procedures may be followed. We will alert you
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whenever this circumstance may arise. You should contact us with any questions or
concerns about the valuation of any investments held in your account.
Fees for Financial Planning and Consulting Services: When you engage PFA for stand-
alone financial planning and consulting services, you will pay us an hourly fee at a
maximum rate of up to $350 per hour. The specific hourly rate applicable to your
engagement is negotiable and will be set forth in a written advisory agreement which
is executed by the client prior to the commencement of our services. Fees for these
services are billed in arrears with payment due either monthly, quarterly or in full
upon our completion of the engagement. Fees are billed by means of traditional
invoicing and are payable by cash, check, money order, credit card, or other form of
payment deemed acceptable by PFA.
Clients are never charged more than $1,200 six (6) or more months in advance for
these services.
B
Direct Fee Deduction. Where you authorize us in writing to do so, we will directly
deduct our advisory fees from the accounts you designate at the qualified custodian
(e.g., Schwab) of your assets. Your authorization for direct fee deduction will be set
forth in our written advisory agreement and/or on the forms required by the
custodian of your accounts. We will liquidate money market shares or use cash
balances from your account to pay our advisory fees when due, however, if money
market shares or cash value are not available other investments may be liquidated.
Please note that unexpected or premature liquidation of investments to pay our
advisory fees may impair the performance of your account.
Your custodian will independently send you an account statement to you typically
monthly, but no less than quarterly, identifying the amount of funds and each security
in your account at the end of the period and setting forth all transactions in your
account during the period, including the amount of any advisory fees paid to us. The
custodian is not responsible for verifying our fee calculations. Therefore, we
encourage you to review the custodian’s account statements carefully and promptly upon
receipt. If you believe our advisory fees have been miscalculated or if there is any
other issue with your account, you should contact us immediately at the phone
number listed on the cover page of this brochure.
C
Additional Fees and Expenses. Separate and in addition to our advisory fees, clients
may incur certain other fees, charges, and/or taxes in connection with our services.
Such additional charges and fees may be imposed by custodians, brokers, and other
third parties, and may include, as applicable, brokerage commissions, custodial fees,
deferred sales charges, odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes, wire transfer and
electronic fund fees, and other similar charges.
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PACE FINANCIAL ADVISORS, INC.
FORM ADV PART 2A – FIRM BROCHURE
Mutual funds and ETFs also have annual operating expenses called expense ratios
which you will separately bear. The nature and amount of these fees are disclosed in
each fund’s prospectus. These expenses are used to pay the manager of the mutual
fund or ETF and to cover other internal operational costs. We strive to avoid using
mutual funds and ETFs that have high expense ratios. We also strive to avoid
recommending mutual funds and ETFs that have sales charges. Instead, we typically
recommend clients utilize no-load funds.
We do not receive any portion of the foregoing additional fees and costs, which will
usually be deducted directly from the client’s account by the appropriate third-party
provider. To fully understand the total costs you will incur when engaging our
services, you should review the prospectus of each mutual fund and ETF held in your
account and the contractual arrangement entered with your account custodian (i.e.,
Schwab).
The hourly advisory fees we charge for stand-alone financial planning and consulting
services cover the costs of our investment advice only. Clients separately bear any
fees and costs charged in connection with the implementation or monitoring of their
investments.
D
Termination of Our Services. In the event we should fail to provide you with a copy of
this brochure at least forty-eight (48) hours in advance of your entering into an
advisory agreement with our firm, you may terminate our services, without incurring
any fees, penalties, or costs, by delivering written notice of termination to PFA within
five (5) business days of entering into the advisory agreement.
Thereafter, either PFA or the client may terminate PFA’s advisory services by providing
written notice of termination to the non-terminating party. Under these
circumstances, you will pay PFA a pro-rated advisory fee based on the number of days
during which services were provided during the final billing period. For hourly fee
engagements, you will pay us for all earned but unpaid fees as of the date of
termination. All fees are due immediately upon termination. Any pre-paid but
unearned fees will be refunded to you. You will bear the costs of all custodial
termination and transfer fees, if any, assessed by your account custodian(s) upon
termination of our services and will become solely and immediately responsible for
the management and monitoring of all assets upon termination. PFA will deliver any
partially completed written financial plan or report to the client upon receipt of full
and final payment of its outstanding charges.
E
Additional Compensation for Sales of Securities and Insurance Products and Related
investment advisor representatives are
Conflicts of Interest. Certain of our
concurrently registered as “registered representatives” of LPL Financial, LLC (“LPL”),
an independent SEC registered securities broker-dealer and member of the Financial
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Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) and the Securities Investors Protection
Corporation (“SIPC”). For purposes of this brochure, associated persons of PFA who
are registered both as investment advisor representatives of our firm and also as
registered representatives of LPL are referred to as “Dually Registered Persons”.
Except as described above, LPL is not otherwise affiliated with our firm.
Clients can enter into a separate commission-based arrangement with such Dually
Registered Persons (but not with PFA directly) and LPL for securities brokerage
services (a “Brokerage Relationship”). Investments made through the Brokerage
Relationship are separate from the advisory services PFA may provide to you, and
therefore, PFA does not have a fiduciary duty over such Brokerage Relationship
recommendations.
Under a Brokerage Relationship, our Dually Registered Persons, acting in their
capacity as registered representatives of LPL, will receive commissions, ongoing
distribution fees (i.e., trails), and other compensation based on sales of securities
(typically, variable annuities and variable insurance products) to clients. This creates
a conflict of interest insofar as our Dually Registered Persons have an incentive to sell
securities to clients based upon the commissions and other compensation they may
receive rather than the client’s best interests. Alternatively, our Dually Registered
Persons may have an incentive to forego providing you with advisory services when
appropriate, and instead recommend the purchase of commissionable investments
through a Brokerage Relationship, if they deem that the payout for recommending
the purchase of these investments would be higher than providing investment advice
on these products for an advisory fee. Clients are advised that fees paid to PFA for
investment advisory services are separate and distinct from the commissions and/or
other forms of compensation that may be earned by any Dually Registered Persons
for selling securities products to clients through LPL.
As a matter of policy, PFA does not permit its Dually Registered Persons to earn
commissions or trails on transactions or assets held in advisory accounts. However,
if a client chooses to establish both an advisory account with PFA and a Brokerage
Relationship through LPL serviced by one of our Dually Registered Persons, the client
and the Dually Registered Person will establish the types of transactions that will be
made in each account.
Certain of our investment advisor representatives are also independently licensed to
sell insurance in one or more states acting as a direct agent representative of a
specific insurance company or companies. Insurance related business is transacted
with advisory clients and licensed individuals receive customary commissions and
fees from insurance products sold to clients. Fees paid to PFA and/or its investment
advisor representatives for investment advisory services are separate and distinct
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from any commissions and fees earned by its investment advisor representatives for
selling insurance products to clients.
The receipt of securities and/or insurance related commissions or fees by any
individual associated with our firm presents a conflict of interest. As fiduciaries we
must act primarily for the benefit of our investment advisory clients. As such, we will
only transact securities and/or insurance related business with clients when fully
disclosed, suitable, and appropriate. Further, we must determine in good faith that
any commissions or fees paid to our investment advisor representatives are
appropriate. Clients are informed that they are under no obligation to use any
individual associated with our firm for the purchase of any securities or insurance
products or services. Clients may use any broker-dealer, broker-dealer registered
representative, insurance firm or insurance agent they choose for purchase of these
products and services. We encourage you to ask us about the conflicts of interest
presented by the broker-dealer and insurance licensing of our associated persons.
Rollover Recommendations. As part of our investment advisory services to you, we
may recommend that you roll assets from your employer’s retirement plan, such as
a 401(k), 457, or ERISA 403(b) account (collectively, a “Plan Account”), to an individual
retirement account, such as a SIMPLE IRA, SEP IRA, Traditional IRA, or Roth IRA
(collectively, an “IRA Account”) that we will manage on your behalf. We may also
recommend rollovers from IRA Accounts to Plan Accounts, from Plan Accounts to Plan
Accounts, and from IRA Accounts to IRA Accounts. When we provide any of the
foregoing rollover recommendations we are acting as fiduciaries within the meaning
of Title I of the ERISA and/or the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”), as applicable, which
are laws governing retirement accounts.
If you elect to roll the assets to an IRA that is subject to our management, we will
charge you an asset-based fee as set forth in the advisory agreement you executed
with our firm. This creates a conflict of interest because it creates a financial incentive
for our firm to recommend the rollover to you (i.e., receipt of additional fee-based
compensation). You are under no obligation, contractually or otherwise, to complete
the rollover. Moreover, if you do complete the rollover, you are under no obligation
to have the assets in an IRA managed by our firm. Due to the foregoing conflict of
interest, when we make rollover recommendations, we operate under a special rule
that requires us to act in your best interests and not put our interests ahead of yours.
Under this special rule’s provisions, we must:
investment
meet a professional standard of care when making
recommendations (give prudent advice);
financial
interests ahead of yours when making
never put our
recommendations (give loyal advice);
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avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is
in your best interests;
charge no more than a reasonable fee for our services; and
give you basic information about conflicts of interest.
Many employers permit former employees to keep their retirement assets in their
company plan. Also, current employees can sometimes move assets out of their
company plan before they retire or change jobs. In determining whether to complete
the rollover to an IRA, and to the extent the following options are available, you should
consider the costs and benefits of a rollover.
Note that an employee will typically have four options in this situation:
1. leaving the funds in your employer’s (former employer’s) plan;
2. moving the funds to a new employer’s retirement plan;
3. cashing out and taking a taxable distribution from the plan; or
4. rolling the funds into an IRA rollover account.
Each of these options has positives and negatives. Because of that, along with the
importance of understanding the differences between these types of accounts, we
will provide you with a written explanation of the advantages and disadvantages of
both account types and the basis for our belief that the rollover transaction we
recommend is in your best interests.
ITEM 6 – PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT
We do not charge any performance-based fees for our services or engage in side-by-side
management of client accounts.
PFA and/or its associated persons may manage accounts which belong either to themselves,
individually, or to their family or their affiliates (collectively, “Proprietary Accounts”) while
simultaneously managing client accounts. It is possible that orders for Proprietary Accounts
may be entered opposite to orders for client accounts, pursuant to, for instance, a neutral
allocation system, a different trading strategy, or trading at a different risk level. However,
any such orders shall only be entered after orders for client accounts in the same securities
have been executed on any given trading day. The management of any Proprietary Account
is subject to our Code of Ethics and the duty of our firm and its personnel to exercise good
faith and fairness in all matters affecting client accounts.
ITEM 7 – TYPES OF CLIENTS
We typically provide investment advice to individuals, high net worth individuals, trusts,
retirement plans, partnerships, corporations, and other business entities. Because each
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client is unique, they must be willing to be involved in the planning and ongoing processes
of our management of their account. Such involvement does not have to be time consuming,
however we want our clients to remain informed and have a sense of security about their
investments.
We do not have any minimum fee or account opening or minimum balance requirements.
ITEM 8 – METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS
A
Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies. The types of investments we typically
recommend are discussed in Item 4 of this brochure.
We may use some or all of the following methods of analysis in providing investment
advice to you:
Fundamental Analysis: When engaging in fundamental analysis, we attempt to
determine the intrinsic value of target securities through a review of, among other
things, company specific financial disclosures, the strength and track record of
management personnel, industry sector financial health, and at a macro level, the
overall direction of the economy at large. We use this information as a basis to
determine if such securities are underpriced or overpriced relative to current market
prices and then to make a buy or sell recommendation to you.
Relying on this type of analysis leaves open the risk that the price of a security may
move along with the overall direction of the market, irrespective of the economic and
financial factors which may have indicated that an opposite movement would have
been expected. The main sources of information we rely upon when researching and
analyzing securities using fundamental analysis include research materials prepared
by others, annual reports, corporate rating services, prospectuses, and company
press releases.
Mutual Fund, ETF, and REIT Selection and Analysis: We evaluate and select mutual funds,
ETFs, and/or REITs for your account based on several factors which may include,
without limitation, (1) the experience and track record of the underlying portfolio
manager(s), (2) the performance of the fund over time and through various market
conditions; (3) expected market conditions that might impact the underlying holdings
of the fund or applicable market sector; and (4) whether and to what extent the
underlying holdings of the fund overlap with other assets held in your account. We
also monitor the fund in an attempt to determine if the fund is continuing to follow
its stated investment strategy.
A risk of this form of analysis is that, as in all securities investments, past performance
does not guarantee future results. A fund manager’s past track record of success
cannot be relied upon as a predictor of success in the future. In addition, the
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underlying holdings of the fund are determined by independent fund managers and
may change overtime without advance warning, creating the potential for overlap
with other investments held in your account. This increase in the correlation of your
holdings will increase the risk of loss where the value of any overlapping holdings
should decrease. There is also a risk that a manager may deviate from the stated
investment mandate or strategy of the fund, which could make the holding(s) less
suitable for the client’s portfolio.
We typically use the following investment strategies in managing client accounts:
Long-term Purchases: We may take a long term, passive, “buy and hold” approach to
investing client assets. In this type of investment strategy, we suggest the purchase
of securities with the idea of holding them in a portfolio for a year or longer. Typically,
we employ this strategy when (1) we believe the securities to be currently
undervalued, and/or (2) we want the portfolio to have exposure to a particular asset
class over time, regardless of the current projection for this class.
A risk in a long-term purchase strategy is that by holding the security for this length
of time, we may not take advantage of short-term gains that could be profitable to a
client. Moreover, if our predictions are incorrect, a security may decline sharply in
value before we make the recommendation to sell.
Short-term purchases: When utilizing this strategy, we may suggest the purchase of
securities with the idea of selling them within a relatively short time (typically a year
or less). We do this in an attempt to take advantage of conditions that we believe will
soon result in a price swing in the securities we recommend for purchase.
A short-term purchase strategy poses risks should the anticipated price swing not
materialize; we are then left with the option of having a long-term investment in a
security that was designed to be a short-term purchase, or potentially taking a loss.
In addition, this strategy involves more frequent trading than does a longer-term
strategy and may result in increased brokerage and other transaction-related costs,
as well as less favorable tax treatment of short-term capital gains.
Asset Allocation: Asset allocation is an investment strategy that attempts to balance
risk versus return by adjusting the percentage of each asset in an investment portfolio
according to the investor’s risk tolerance, goals, and investment time frame. Asset
allocation is based on the principle that different assets perform differently in
different market and economic conditions. A fundamental justification for asset
allocation is the notion that different asset classes offer returns that are not perfectly
correlated, hence diversification reduces the overall risk in terms of the variability of
returns for a given level of expected return. Although risk is reduced as long as
correlations are not perfect, it is typically forecasted (wholly or in part) based on
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statistical relationships (like correlation and variance) that existed over some past
period. Expectations for return are often derived in the same way. The primary goal
of an asset allocation strategy is to create an asset mix that seeks to provide the
optimal balance between expected risk and return for a long-term investment
horizon.
A risk of asset allocation is that you may not participate in sharp increases in a
particular security, industry, or market sector. Another risk is that the ratio of
securities, fixed income, and cash will change over time due to stock and market
movements and, if not corrected, will no longer be appropriate to meet with your
investment goals.
Options: We may suggest the use of options as an investment strategy. An option is a
contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset
(such as a share of stock) at a specific price on or before a certain date. An option,
just like a stock or bond, is a security. An option is also a derivative because it derives
its value from an underlying asset.
The two types of options are calls and puts:
A call gives the holder the right to buy an asset at a certain price within a specific
period of time. We will suggest the purchase of a call option(s) if we have determined
that the stock will increase substantially before the option expires.
A put gives the holder the right to sell an asset at a certain price within a specific
period of time. We will suggest the purchase of a put option(s) if we have determined
that the price of the stock will fall before the option expires.
We may use options to speculate on the possibility of a sharp price swing. We will also
suggest the use of options to “hedge” a purchase of the underlying security; in other
words, we may suggest an option purchase to limit the potential upside and downside
of a security we previously recommended for purchase.
We may use “covered calls,” in which we suggest the sale of an option on a security
already within a particular portfolio. In this strategy, the portfolio will receive a fee for
making the option available, and the person purchasing the option has the right to
buy the security from you at an agreed-upon price.
We may use a “spreading strategy,” in which we recommend purchasing two or more
option contracts (for example, a call option for the client to buy and a call option for
the client to sell) for the same underlying security. This effectively puts the portfolio
on both sides of the market, but with the ability to vary price, time, and other factors.
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B
Summary of Investment Risks. We always use our best judgment and good faith
efforts in rendering investment advice to our clients, acting in a fiduciary capacity. We
cannot warrant or guarantee any particular level of investment performance or that
any investment or account will be profitable over time. Not every investment
recommendation we make will be profitable. Investing in securities involves risk
of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. You assume all market risk
involved in the investment of your assets. Investments are subject to various market,
currency, economic, political, and business risks.
C
Investment Risks Related to Recommended Investments. While all investing involves
risks, including the risk of loss, we generally recommend a broad and diversified
allocation of your assets intended to reduce the specific risks associated with a
concentrated or undiversified portfolio. Securities investments are not guaranteed,
and you may lose money on your investments. Our investment recommendations
are subject to market risk—the possibility that securities prices will decline over short
or extended periods of time. As a result, the value of your account(s) will fluctuate
with the market, and you could lose money over short or long periods of time. You
should recognize whenever you determine to invest in the securities markets your
entire investment is at risk. Clients should not invest money if they are unable to bear
the risk of total loss of their investments. You are solely responsible for the results of
any self-directed transactions where we have advised you that such transactions are
not in your best interests.
All investing involves risks and losses can and will occur. Nonetheless, you should
consider the following high-level summary of investment risks. This list is not
intended to be an exhaustive description of all risks you may encounter in engaging
our firm for advisory services. We encourage you to inquire with us frequently about
the risks related to any investments in your account.
Risk of Loss: Securities investments are not guaranteed, and you may lose money on
your investments. As with any investment manager that invests in common stocks
and other equity securities, our investment recommendations are subject to market
risk—the possibility that securities prices will decline over short or extended periods
of time. As a result, the value of your account(s) will fluctuate with the market, and
you could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should recognize
whenever you determine to invest in the securities markets your entire investment is
at risk. Clients should not invest money if they are unable to bear the risk of total loss
of their investments.
Economic Risk: The prevailing economic environment is important to the health of all
businesses. Some companies, however, are more sensitive to changes in the
domestic or global economy than others. These types of companies are often
referred to as cyclical businesses. Countries in which a large portion of businesses
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are in cyclical industries are thus also very economically sensitive and carry a higher
amount of economic risk. If an investment is issued by a party located in a country
that experiences wide swings from an economic standpoint or in situations where
certain elements of an investment instrument are hinged on dealings in such
countries, the investment instrument will generally be subject to a higher level of
economic risk.
Financial Risk: Financial risk is represented by internal disruptions within an
investment or the issuer of an investment that can lead to unfavorable performance
of the investment. Examples of financial risk can be found in cases like Enron or many
of the “dot com” companies that were caught up in a period of extraordinary market
valuations that were not based on solid financial footings of the companies.
Market Risk: The value of your portfolio may decrease if the value of an individual
company or multiple companies in the portfolio decreases or if our belief about a
company’s intrinsic worth is incorrect. Further, regardless of how well individual
companies perform, the value of your portfolio could also decrease if there are
deteriorating economic or market conditions. It is important to understand that the
value of your investment may fall, sometimes sharply, in response to changes in the
market, and you could lose money. Investment risks include price risk as may be
observed by a drop in a security’s price due to company specific events (e.g., earnings
disappointment or downgrade in the rating of a bond) or general market risk (e.g.,
such as a “bear” market when stock values fall in general). For fixed-income securities,
a period of rising interest rates could erode the value of a bond since bond values
generally fall as bond yields go up. Past performance is not a guarantee of future
returns.
Interest Rate Risk: Certain investments involve the payment of a fixed or variable rate
of interest to the investment holder. Once an investor has acquired or has acquired
the rights to an investment that pays a particular rate (fixed or variable) of interest,
changes in overall interest rates in the market will affect the value of the interest-
paying investment(s) they hold. In general, changes in prevailing interest rates in the
market will have an inverse relationship to the value of existing, interest paying
investments. In other words, as interest rates move up, the value of an instrument
paying a particular rate (fixed or variable) of interest will go down. The reverse is
generally true as well.
Options Risk: Transactions in options carry a high degree of risk. Selling (“writing” or
“granting”) an option generally entails considerably greater risk than purchasing
options. Although the premium received by the seller is fixed, the seller may sustain
a loss well in excess of that amount. The seller will also be exposed to the risk of the
purchaser exercising the option and the seller will be obliged either to settle the
option in cash or to acquire or deliver the underlying investment. If the option is
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“covered” by the seller holding a corresponding position in the underlying investment
or a future on another option, the risk may be reduced. If you buy an option, your risk
is defined because the most that you can lose is your investment — or the premium
you paid for the option — plus commissions.
Cybersecurity Risk: We rely on the use of various electronic technologies to conduct
our investment advisory business and are therefore susceptible to operational,
information security, and related risks, including risks of unintentional cyber incidents
and deliberate cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining
unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through “hacking” or malicious software
coding) for purposes of corrupting data, or causing operational disruption, as well as
denial-of-service attacks on websites. Cyber incidents may cause disruptions and
impact on our business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses,
interference with a client’s ability to value their investments, impediments to trading,
laws, regulatory fines, penalties,
violations of applicable privacy and other
reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional
compliance costs. While the firm and its most significant counterparties and vendors
have established business continuity plans and risk management systems to help
mitigate cyber incidents, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems that
are inherently outside of our control.
Pandemic Risk: Large-scale outbreaks of infectious disease can greatly increase
morbidity and mortality over a wide geographic area, crossing international
boundaries, and causing significant economic, social, and political disruption. It is
difficult to predict the long-term impact of such events because they are dependent
on a variety of factors including the global response of regulators and governments
to address and mitigate the worldwide effects of such events. Workforce reductions,
travel restrictions, governmental responses and policies and macroeconomic factors
may negatively impact investment returns.
Risks Related to Analysis Methods: Our analysis of securities relies in part on the
assumption that the issuers whose securities we recommend for purchase and sale,
the rating agencies that review these securities, and other publicly-available sources
of information about these securities, are providing accurate and unbiased data.
While we are alert to indications that data may be incorrect, there is always a risk that
our analysis may be compromised by inaccurate or misleading information.
Securities Transactions at the Direction of Clients. All assets are held at an independent
qualified custodian in your name. You will typically maintain the concurrent ability to
self-direct transactions within your account. We are not responsible for the
investment
consequences, costs, and fees generated by your self-directed
transactions or transactions you instruct us to implement on your behalf where we
have advised you that such transactions are not in your best interests.
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Interim Changes in Client Risk Tolerance and Financial Outlook. The particular
investments recommended by our firm are based solely upon the investment
objectives and financial circumstances disclosed to us by the client. While we strive to
meet with clients at regular intervals (at least annually, unless otherwise agreed,
either in person, telephonically, or by electronic means) to discuss any changes in the
client’s financial circumstances, the lack of constant and continuous communication
presents a risk insofar as your liquidity, net worth, risk tolerance and/or investment
goals could change abruptly, with no advance notice to our firm, resulting in a mis-
aligned investment portfolio and the potential for losses or other negative financial
consequences.
It is your continuing and exclusive responsibility to give us complete information and
to notify us of any changes in your financial circumstances, income level, investment
goals or employment status. We encourage you to contact us regularly and promptly
to discuss your investment and any changes to your financial circumstances.
ITEM 9 – DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
PFA is required to disclose all material facts regarding any legal or disciplinary event that
would be material to your evaluation of our firm, or the integrity of our management. No
principal or person associated with our firm has any information to disclose which is
applicable to this Item 9.
ITEM 10 – OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS
A
to maintain
Broker-Dealer Registration. PFA is not registered and does not intend to become
registered as a broker-dealer. However, as described in Item 5 of this brochure,
certain associated persons of PFA are Dually Registered Persons of LPL. Our Dually
Registered Persons have chosen
their status as registered
representatives in order to serve existing brokerage clients under that relationship or
new clients whose best interest is to engage in a commission-based Brokerage
Relationship for the purchase and sale of certain securities. Please see Item 5E for
disclosures regarding the conflicts of interest arising as a result of this dual
registration arrangement and how we mitigate them.
As a result of our associated persons’ dual registration with LPL, LPL has access to
certain confidential information (e.g., financial information, investment objectives,
transactions and holdings) about our clients, even if the client does not establish any
account through LPL. If you would like a copy of LPL’s privacy policy, please contact
LPL directly by calling 1-800-558-7567.
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B
Futures or Commodities Registration. Neither PFA, nor any of its associated persons,
are registered or intend to become registered as a futures commission merchant,
commodity pool operator, commodity trading advisor, or an associated person of any
of the foregoing.
C
Material Relationships. Except for the licensure of our associated persons as
independent insurance agents and/or as registered representatives of LPL (see Item
5E of this brochure for details), PFA does not have any relationships, industry
activities, affiliations or arrangements and does not collect any additional
compensation, directly or indirectly, that create a material conflict of interest with its
clients.
D
Recommendation of Third Parties. Except for certain benefits we receive from Schwab
as outlined in Item 12A of this brochure, we do not receive any additional
compensation or benefits, either directly or indirectly, in connection with referrals of
our clients to any brokers, custodians, attorneys, tax advisors, accountants, or any
other third-parties. We will only recommend and refer such third-parties to you when
we believe such recommendations to be in your best interests. Except with respect to
our requirement that wealth management services clients engage Schwab for the
services described in Item 12A of this brochure, you are never obligated to engage
any third-party we recommend and do so at your sole discretion and risk.
ITEM 11 – CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS, AND
PERSONAL TRADING POLICIES
A
Our Code of Ethics. We subscribe to an ethical and high standard of conduct in all our
business activities in order to fulfill the fiduciary duty we owe to our clients. Included
in these ethical obligations is the duty to put our clients’ interests ahead of our own
along with duties of loyalty, fairness, and good faith towards our clients. We disclose
to clients material conflicts of interest which could reasonably be expected to impair
our rendering of unbiased and objective advice.
PFA has a Code of Ethics (“Code”) which all employees are required to follow. The Code
outlines proper conduct related to all services provided to clients and will be made
available to you, free of charge, upon request by contacting us at the phone number
listed on the cover page of this brochure. Prompt reporting of internal violations is
mandatory. PFA’s management personnel evaluate employee performance regularly
to ensure the quality of our services and compliance with our Code.
Designed to prevent conflicts of interest between the financial interests of clients and
the interests of the firm and its staff, the Code requires, among other procedures,
that our “access persons” report their personal securities transactions quarterly and
report all securities positions in which they have a beneficial interest at least annually.
These reporting requirements allow supervisors at the firm to determine whether to
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allow or prohibit certain employee securities purchases and sales based on
transactions made, or anticipated to be made, in the same securities which may be
purchased or sold for client accounts. The Code is required to be reviewed annually
and updated as necessary.
B-D Material/Proprietary Interests in Securities Recommended to Clients. Our firm and its
associated persons do not have any proprietary or material interests in or any role in
the management of any companies or investments that we recommend to our clients.
We will refrain from rendering any advice or services concerning securities of
companies in which the firm or its associated persons maintain a material economic
interest, unless we determine in good faith that the firm may appropriately do so,
make full disclosure to you regarding the nature of our interests and the related
conflicts of interest, and obtain your informed consent to the conflict.
Personal Trading; Participation or Interest in Client Transactions. As described in Item
6 of this brochure, PFA and/or its associated persons may manage Proprietary
Accounts. Proprietary Accounts may buy and sell some of the same securities as we
buy or sell for client accounts. This practice creates an actual conflict of interest with
our clients insofar as our firm and/or our associated persons may have a financial
incentive to trade in securities for Proprietary Accounts in advance of or opposite to
transactions in the same securities for client accounts. To address this conflict, our
policy is that, assuming the purchase or sale is otherwise appropriate for the subject
client accounts, we will purchase or sell securities for our clients’ accounts, as the case
may be, before purchasing or selling any of the same securities for any Proprietary
Accounts. In some cases, we may buy or sell securities for our own account(s) for
reasons not related to the strategies adopted by our clients.
In summary, our practice of buying and selling for Proprietary Accounts the same
securities that we buy or sell for client accounts is restricted by the following controls:
we are required to uphold our fiduciary duty to our clients;
we are prohibited from misusing information about our clients’ securities
holdings or transactions to gain any undue advantage for ourselves or others;
we are prohibited from buying or selling any security that we are currently
recommending for client accounts, unless we place our orders after client
orders have been executed; and
we are required to periodically report our securities holdings and transactions
to the firm’s Chief Compliance Officer, who must review those reports for
improper trades.
We act in a fiduciary capacity. If a conflict of interest arises between us and you, we
shall make every effort to resolve the conflict in your favor. Conflicts of interest may
also arise in the allocation of investment opportunities among the accounts that we
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advise. We will seek to allocate investment opportunities according to what we believe
is appropriate for each account. We strive to do what is equitable and in the best
interest of all the accounts we advise.
We will disclose to advisory clients any material conflict of interest relating to us, our
representatives, or any of our employees which could reasonably be expected to
impair the rendering of unbiased and objective advice.
ITEM 12 – BROKERAGE PRACTICES
A
Recommendation of Broker-Dealers. As described in Item 4 of this brochure, as a
condition of engaging PFA for wealth management services, we typically require that
you independently engage the brokerage and custodial services of Charles Schwab &
Co., Inc., 3000 Schwab Way, Westlake, Texas 76262 (“Schwab”), an independent SEC-
registered broker-dealer and Member of FINRA/SIPC. We are not affiliated with
Schwab and Schwab does not monitor or control the activities of PFA or its personnel.
We may require clients to engage a different custodian and executing broker in the
future. Schwab will execute all transactions for your account according to our
instructions pursuant to your grant of authority to PFA.
As stated previously in Item 5, individuals associated with PFA are concurrently
licensed as registered representatives of LPL. As a result of this relationship, LPL is
responsible for supervising certain activities of PFA to the extent our firm manages
assets at a broker/dealer and custodian other than LPL (e.g., Schwab). LPL charges a
fee for this oversight responsibility. This presents a conflict of interest insofar as it
creates a financial incentive for our firm to recommend that you maintain your
account with LPL rather than another custodian in order to avoid the oversight fee.
However, to the extent we recommend you use LPL for any services, it is because PFA
believes that it is in your best interest to do so based on the quality and pricing of
trade execution, benefits of an integrated platform for brokerage and advisory
accounts, and other services provided by LPL.
Best Execution. In recommending broker-dealers to clients, we have an obligation to
seek the “best execution” of transactions for client accounts. This duty requires us to
seek to execute securities transactions for clients such that the total costs or proceeds
in each transaction are the most favorable under the circumstances. The
determinative factor in the analysis of best execution is not the lowest possible
commission cost, but whether the transaction represents the best qualitative
execution, taking into consideration the full range of the recommended broker-
dealer’s services. Some of the factors we consider when evaluating a broker-dealer
for best execution include, without limitation, the broker-dealer’s execution and
custodial capabilities, commission rates, financial responsibility, responsiveness and
customer service, research services/ancillary brokerage services provided, and other
considerations that we deem relevant.
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Therefore, we will seek competitive commission rates, but we may not obtain the
lowest possible commission rates for specific account transactions. With this in
consideration, our firm will continue to require that clients engage Schwab until their
services do not result, in our opinion, in best execution of client transactions.
Directed Brokerage. Except for retirement plan consulting clients, PFA does not permit
its clients to select a broker other than Schwab for trade execution services (i.e.,
directed brokerage). Clients should be aware of the fact that not all investment
advisors require clients to use a particular firm for these services. You should further
be aware that, because PFA requires certain clients to engage Schwab exclusively, we
may not be able to achieve the lowest cost of execution of specific client transactions.
Thus, the exclusive use of only Schwab may cost clients more money compared to
other arrangements.
Soft Dollars. The broker-dealers we recommend to clients (including Schwab) provide
us with certain brokerage and research products and services that qualify as
“brokerage or research services” under Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 (“Exchange Act”). This is commonly referred to as a “soft dollar” arrangement.
These research products and/or services will assist us in our investment decision
making process. Such research generally will be used to service all of our client
accounts, but brokerage charges paid by the client may be used to pay for research
that is not used in managing that specific client’s account. Your account may pay to
Schwab a charge greater than another qualified broker-dealer might charge to effect
the same transaction where we determine in good faith that the charge is reasonable
in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services received.
Benefits Received from Schwab. Schwab Advisor Services™ is Schwab’s business
serving independent investment advisory firms like PFA. They provide us and our
clients with access to institutional brokerage — trading, custody, reporting, and
related services — many of which are not typically available to Schwab retail
customers. Schwab also makes available to us various support services. Some of
those services help us manage or administer our clients’ accounts, while others help
us manage and grow our business. Schwab’s support services generally are available
on an unsolicited basis (we don’t have to request them) and at no charge to us. Below
is a more detailed description of Schwab’s support services.
• Services That Benefit Clients: Schwab’s institutional brokerage services include
access to a broad range of investment products, execution of securities
transactions, and custody of client assets. The investment products available
through Schwab include some to which PFA might not otherwise have access
or that would require a significantly higher minimum initial investment by our
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clients. Schwab’s services described in this paragraph generally benefit clients
and their accounts.
• Services That May Not Directly Benefit Clients: Schwab also makes available to
PFA other products and services that benefit us but may not directly benefit
our clients. These products and services assist us in managing and
administering our clients’ accounts. They include investment research, both
Schwab’s own and that of third-parties. We may use this research to service all
or a substantial number of our clients’ accounts, including accounts not
maintained at Schwab, if any. In addition to investment research, Schwab also
makes available software and other technology that provides access to client
account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account statements);
facilitates trade execution; provides pricing and other market data; facilitates
payment of our advisory fees from our clients’ accounts; and assists us with
back-office functions, recordkeeping, and client reporting.
• Services That Generally Benefit Us Only: Schwab also offers other services
intended to help us manage and further develop our business enterprise.
These services include access to educational conferences and events;
consulting on technology, compliance, legal, and business needs; access to
publications and conferences on practice management and business
succession; and access to employee benefits providers, human capital
consultants, and insurance providers.
Schwab may provide some of the above services itself. In other cases, it will arrange
for third-party vendors to provide the services to us. Schwab may discount or waive
its fees for some or all of these services. The research and brokerage services
provided to PFA by Schwab qualify for the safe harbor exemption defined in Section
28(e) of the Exchange Act.
The aforementioned research and brokerage services are generally used by PFA to
manage accounts over which we have been granted trading discretion. Without these
arrangements, PFA might be compelled to purchase the same or similar services at
its own expense. As part of our fiduciary duty to clients, the firm endeavors at all times
to put the interests of our clients first. Clients should be aware, however, that the
receipt of economic benefits from Schwab by our firm and/or our associated persons
creates a conflict of interest and may indirectly influence our requirement that clients
engage Schwab’s services. We examined this potential conflict of interest in choosing
to require Schwab and have determined that the engagement of Schwab’s services is
in the best interests of our clients and satisfies our fiduciary obligations, including our
duty to seek best execution.
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Except as described above in this Item 12 and in Item 14 below, we do not receive any
compensation or incentive for referring you to Schwab for brokerage trades and
custodial services. Schwab does not make brokerage commissions generated by
client transactions available for our use. We do not receive client referrals in exchange
for directing client transactions to Schwab or any other broker-dealer.
B
Trade Aggregation. We may aggregate client orders, so long as it is done for purposes
of achieving best execution, and so long as no client is systematically advantaged or
disadvantaged. Before aggregating client orders, we document the participating
accounts and the allocation instructions. We submit allocation instructions to the
broker-dealer before the market closes on the day of the order. We allocate
aggregated orders to client accounts at the average price obtained. We allocate
partially filled orders pro-rata based on the size of the order placed by each account.
If we judge that we cannot or should not allocate a partially filled order pro-rata (e.g.,
if the quantity of securities obtained is too small or would not have a material impact
if distributed among each account), then we apply the following procedures:
• we allocate the order to client accounts only (i.e., no employees that
participated in the order may receive any allocation); and
• we document the allocation decision.
ITEM 13 – REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
A
Account Review Policy. Wealth management accounts are generally reviewed by the
investment advisor representative(s) who are primarily responsible for overseeing
the client’s account. The specific individuals conducting account reviews may vary
from time-to-time, as personnel join or leave our firm. The frequency of reviews is
determined based on each client’s investment objectives and needs. Accounts are
generally reviewed quarterly, but in any event, no less than annually.
Stand-alone financial planning and consulting clients do not receive updates or
reviews following the delivery of our investment recommendations and/or written
report(s) to the client unless the client specifically requests such review and pays an
additional advisory fee. The client is responsible for the implementation and ongoing
monitoring of all investments under this service.
B
More Frequent Account Reviews. More frequent reviews of wealth management
accounts may be triggered by a change in the client’s investment objectives; income
level; risk/return profile; tax considerations; significant account contributions and/or
withdrawals; large sale or purchase transactions; security specific events; or changes
in the economy more generally.
C
Reporting to Clients. Clients will receive standard account statements and trade
confirmations from their custodian at least quarterly. We will provide you with
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independently prepared written reports on a quarterly basis and as you may
otherwise reasonably request from time to time. The reports we provide to you will
contain relevant account and/or market-related information such as an inventory of
account holdings and account performance, as examples.
ITEM 14 – CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
A
Receipt of Benefits from Schwab. As referenced in Item 12 above, Schwab provides
services and products to us without cost or at a discount that we may use to service
some or all of our client accounts. We may enter into similar arrangements with other
broker-dealers and custodians in the future. As part of its fiduciary duties to clients,
PFA endeavors at all times to put the interests of its clients first. Clients should be
aware, however, that the receipt of economic benefits by our firm and/or our
associated persons in and of itself creates a potential conflict of interest and may
indirectly influence our choice to require that clients engage Schwab’s custodial and
brokerage services.
B
Other Compensation Arrangements. Except as disclosed above with respect to
Schwab, we have no arrangements, written or oral, in which we compensate others
or are compensated for client referrals.
ITEM 15 – CUSTODY
Your funds and securities will be held in an account titled in your name and maintained at
the independent qualified custodian of your account (i.e., Schwab). Your custodian will be
authorized to execute trades within your account upon our instruction, acting within the
scope of the discretionary authority you grant us in our written advisory agreement and/or
the custodian’s account opening documents.
The custodian of your account will independently provide you with an account statement at
least quarterly, identifying the amount of funds and each security in your account at the end
of the period, and setting forth all transactions in the account during that period, including
the amount of any fees paid directly to our firm from your account. The custodian is not
responsible for verifying our fee calculations. Therefore, we encourage you to carefully and
promptly review all reports and account statements provided by the custodian of your
account. If you believe there has been any miscalculation of any fees or if you have any other
questions regarding your account, you should contact us promptly at the phone number
listed on the cover page of this brochure.
Except for our ability to directly deduct our advisory fees and to disburse or transfer certain
client funds pursuant to Standing Letters of Authorization (“SLOAs”) executed at the option
of the client, we will not maintain custody of any client funds or securities or the authority to
obtain possession of them.
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Where a client has elected to execute a SLOA, PFA implements the following additional
safeguards:
1. The client must provide an instruction to the custodian, in writing, that includes the
client’s signature, the third-party payee’s name, and either the third-party payee’s
address or the third-party payee’s account number at a custodian to which the
transfer should be directed.
2. The client authorizes PFA, in writing, either on the custodian’s form or separately, to
direct transfers to the third-party payee either on a specified schedule or from time
to time.
3. The custodian performs appropriate verification of the instruction, such as a
signature review or other method to verify the client’s authorization and provides a
transfer of funds notice to the client promptly after each transfer.
4. The client has the ability to terminate or change the instruction to the client’s
custodian.
5. PFA has no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the third-party
payee identified by the client, the address, or any other information about the third-
party payee contained in the client’s instruction.
6. PFA maintains records showing that the third-party payee indicated by the client is
not a related party of PFA and does not share an address with PFA.
7. The custodian sends the client, in writing, an initial notice confirming the instructions
and an annual notice reconfirming the instructions.
ITEM 16 – INVESTMENT DISCRETION
Wealth management services clients are required to grant our firm ongoing and continuous
discretionary authority to execute our investment recommendations within their account(s)
held at Schwab without obtaining their prior approval for each specific transaction. In a
discretionary arrangement, you authorize us to purchase and sell securities and instruments
in your account(s), arrange for delivery and payment in connection with the foregoing, and
act on your behalf in all matters necessary or incidental to the handling of the account,
including monitoring of your assets. We will always act in strict accordance with your stated
investment needs, suitability parameters, and restrictions when implementing transactions
for your account. Any investment guidelines and restrictions you wish to impose on your
account must be provided to us in writing.
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Financial planning and consulting services are non-discretionary in nature. The client makes
all final investment decisions and is responsible for implementation and ongoing monitoring
of investments.
ITEM 17 – VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
A
Proxy Voting. We will not vote proxies on behalf of clients and will not provide advice
to clients on how the client should vote.
B
Forwarding or Proxy Materials. We do not have or accept authority to vote client
securities. Most clients will receive proxies and other solicitations directly from the
custodian or transfer agent. If any proxy materials are received on behalf of a client,
they will be sent directly to the client or a designated representative of the client, who
is responsible for voting the proxy.
ITEM 18 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A
Balance Sheet. PFA does not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in
fees per client, six months or more in advance.
B
Disclosure of Financial Condition. Advisors who have discretionary authority over
client accounts like PFA are required to disclose any financial condition that is
reasonably likely to impair their ability to meet contractual commitments to clients.
We have no such financial condition to disclose.
C
No Bankruptcy Disclosures. Neither PFA, nor any of its principals, have been the
subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time in the past.
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