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FORM ADV PART 2A
Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC
800 Fifth Avenue, Suite 2800
Seattle, WA 98104
206 694 5500
www.parametricportfolio.com
August 15, 2025
This brochure (the Brochure) provides information about the qualifications and business practices
of Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC (Parametric or the Firm). If you have any questions about
the contents of this Brochure, please contact Parametric at: 206 694 5500. The information in this
Brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC) or by any state securities authority.
Parametric is a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (Advisers
Act). Registration of an investment adviser does not imply any level of skill or training. The oral
and written communications of an adviser provide you with information from which you
determine to hire or retain an adviser.
Additional information about Parametric (CRD #114310) is also available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. The SEC’s website provides information about any persons affiliated with
Parametric who are registered as investment adviser representatives of Parametric.
Item 2—Material Changes
This Brochure dated August 15, 2025, is an interim amendment to Parametric’s annual Brochure dated
March 27, 2025. In this Item 2, Parametric is required to identify and discuss material changes made to the
Brochure since the last annual update. Material changes, other enhancements and updates to this Brochure
are as follows:
•
In Item 5 – Fees and Compensation, effective August 15, 2025, the DeltaShift (or Stock DeltaShift)
strategy has been renamed Custom Call Writing and Portfolio DeltaShift has been renamed Custom
Portfolio Call Writing. The fee schedules and account minimums for these strategies have not changed.
•
In Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss, effective August 15, 2025,
the DeltaShift (or Stock DeltaShift) strategy has been renamed Custom Call Writing and Portfolio
DeltaShift has been renamed Custom Portfolio Call Writing. These investment strategies and their
relevant risks have not changed.
•
In Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss, a description of Crypto Asset
Risk was added. Summaries of Tax Risk and Tax-Managed Investing Risk were enhanced and expanded.
Parametric - Form ADV Part 2A – 08/15/2025
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Item 3—Table of Contents
Item 2—Material Changes................................................................................................................ ii
Item 4—Advisory Business ...............................................................................................................1
Item 5—Fees and Compensation .....................................................................................................3
Item 6—Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management............................................... 10
Item 7—Types of Clients ................................................................................................................ 11
Item 8—Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ......................................... 12
Item 9—Disciplinary Information ................................................................................................... 56
Item 10—Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations......................................................... 56
Item 11—Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading .. 60
Item 12—Brokerage Practices ........................................................................................................ 71
Item 13—Review of Accounts ........................................................................................................ 78
Item 14—Client Referrals and Other Compensation ..................................................................... 80
Item 15—Custody .......................................................................................................................... 80
Item 16—Investment Discretion..................................................................................................... 81
Item 17—Voting Client Securities .................................................................................................. 82
Item 18—Financial Information...................................................................................................... 85
Parametric - Form ADV Part 2A – 08/15/2025
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Item 4—Advisory Business
Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC (Parametric or the Firm) is organized as a limited liability company under
the laws of the State of Delaware. Parametric has been providing investment advisory services since its
formation in 1987. Parametric is an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley, a publicly held
company that is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol MS. The Firm’s direct, sole
owner is Morgan Stanley Capital Management, LLC, a wholly owned direct subsidiary of Morgan Stanley.
Parametric is part of Morgan Stanley Investment Management, the asset management division of Morgan
Stanley.
Parametric is a leading global asset management firm providing various portfolio management services and
investment strategies directly to institutional
investors and indirectly to individual investors through
financial intermediaries. Parametric’s investment decision-making processes utilize proprietary technolog y
and are typically guided by structured, mathematical, and rules-based methodologies. Parametric’s
portfolio management services and strategies assist clients in meeting their desired market exposure, risk
management, tax management and return objectives in a cost-effective manner. These services may be
tailored to meet specific client needs, which include but are not limited to systematic equity portfolios, tax-
managed core equity portfolios for taxable investors, fixed-income, centralized portfolio management,
futures and options-based overlay services for clients seeking to securitize cash, re-balance asset
allocations, managed currency and duration exposure, and specialty
index strategies. Parametric
collaborates with clients and their advisers to design and implement customized solutions through the
application of equity, fixed income, and derivative programs. Clients may impose reasonable restrictions on
investments in securities or types of securities and set additional investment guidelines as they deem
necessary.
Parametric provides investment management services through a variety of products and investment
vehicles. These include but are not limited to discretionary and non-discretionary separate accounts for
institutional and individual investors; U.S. registered investment funds such as open-end mutual funds,
close-end funds (CEFs) and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) registered under the Investment Company Act of
1940 (1940 Act) sponsored by both affiliates and third parties; and U.S. and non-U.S. collectively managed
funds such as private funds, collective investment trusts, commingled trust funds, and UCITS which may be
sponsored by Parametric, affiliates, or third parties.
Parametric offers a separately managed account program (the Platform), which is designed to provide
financial intermediaries and their clients access to a broad array of investment strategies offered by
Parametric, its affiliates, and third parties. Parametric Custom Active strategies, as described in Item 8, are
available on the Platform. For Custom Active strategies, Parametric affiliates and third parties (each a
Research Provider and collectively Research Providers) provide non-discretionary model portfolios to
Parametric. Utilizing a Research Provider’s strategy as a base which may include an extended list of securities
for tax optimization purposes, Parametric then constructs a portfolio which seeks to provide similar pre-tax
returns as the model, while providing tax management or implementing other client-directed
customizations in a client’s account. Clients may select one or more investment strategies on the Platform,
Parametric - Form ADV Part 2A – 08/15/2025
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which are implemented in client accounts by Parametric pursuant to Parametric’s normal trading practices.
Parametric expects to deviate from a model provided by Research Provider due to account specific
considerations, such as tax-management.
Parametric provides portfolio management services through wrap fee programs, including programs
sponsored by affiliates. Under these programs, the wrap program sponsor charges the client a bundled fee
which includes trade execution, custody, and other services provided by the sponsor. Parametric’s fees can
be incremental to the wrap/program fee collected by the program sponsor for advisory services provided
by Parametric. As further detailed in Item 5 – Fees and Compensation below, Parametric negotiates its fee
rates with the wrap program sponsor, and as such fees may differ across wrap fee programs sponsored by
different parties. Wrap program sponsors are responsible for determining which Parametric strategies are
available to participants in the wrap fee program. Wrap accounts are generally managed in the same or
similar manner to other separately managed accounts, subject to specific restrictions, investment guidelines
and or other parameters imposed by the wrap program sponsor or intermediary and reasonable restrictions
a client may place on their account. As brokerage commissions and charges are generally included within
the bundled/wrap fee a wrap fee program participant pays the sponsor, Parametric will frequently execute
transactions through the sponsor to avoid costs associated with transacting through a third-party broker.
Please see Item 12 – Brokerage Practices for additional information about Parametric’s brokerage practices
for wrap fee program accounts. Parametric generally only receives information about a wrap fee program
participant as necessary for Parametric to manage a wrap program participant’s account in the selected
strategy. As such, the wrap program sponsor, and not Parametric, is responsible for determining the
suitability of a particular Parametric strategy based on factors including the client’s objectives, risk tolerance
and financial situation. A wrap program participant should consult their wrap fee program sponsor’s
brochure for more information about how Parametric’s fees are paid.
Other non-institutional clients generally access Parametric strategies through an intermediary such as a
broker-dealer, bank, family office, or registered investment adviser. Similar to wrap fee programs, Parametric
commonly will enter into a sub-advisory agreement with the intermediary. In certain limited instances,
Parametric will enter into a dual- or tri-party contract agreement directly with a client of an intermediary.
Also similarly to wrap fee programs, the intermediary is responsible for determining what Parametric
strategies are available to its clients and for conducting a suitability assessment for each of its client’s
investing in a Parametric strategy. Parametric will frequently execute transactions through a client’s
custodian, particularly if the custodian offers zero or low-cost commission trading. Clients of an intermediary
should consult their intermediary for information about the arrangement the intermediary has with
Parametric.
Parametric provides investment advice through model portfolio delivery programs. Under such
arrangements, Parametric provides third parties, which may include wrap fee program sponsors and other
intermediaries, with a model portfolio. Unless otherwise agreed upon with a third-party model recipient,
these model delivery arrangements are considered non-discretionary. The third party retains discretion to
implement, reject, or adjust such model and the third party is responsible for executing any corresponding
Parametric - Form ADV Part 2A – 08/15/2025
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transactions on behalf of the third party’s underlying clients. Parametric does not affect or execute
transactions for any underlying clients of the third party participating in the model delivery program.
Parametric claims compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®). For compliance
with GIPS®, the “Firm” is defined and held out to the public as Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC. The Firm
provides rules-based investment management services to institutional investors, individual clients, and
commingled investment vehicles, including Systematic Alpha and Income Strategies, Custom Core®, Direct
Core, Centralized Portfolio Management, Customized Exposure Management, Volatility Risk Premium, Tax-
Advantaged Bond Strategies and Taxable Bond Strategies. The Firm has complied with the GIPS® standards
retroactive to January 1, 2000. To obtain a compliant presentation and or the Firm’s list of composite
descriptions, prospective clients should contact us at 206 694 5500 or visit our website,
www.parametricportfolio.com.
Parametric has been granted registration as a Portfolio Manager in the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British
Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Quebec. The Firm has also been granted registration as a
Commodity Trading Manager in Ontario. Parametric advises or sub-advises qualified institutional or
“permitted” clients in Canada and does so in accordance with rules and regulations set forth in National
Instrument (NI) 31-103. Pursuant to Section 13.4 of NI 31-103, Parametric is obligated to inform clients of
all material conflicts of interest identified by the Firm. The nature and extent of material conflicts of interest
identified by and known to Parametric are hereby disclosed in this Brochure. Pursuant to Section 14.2 of NI
31-103, Parametric is also required to deliver to clients all information that a reasonable investor would
consider important about the client’s relationship with Parametric. This Brochure and the Non-Resident
Registrant Disclosure Statement to Canadian Investors communicates to Canadian clients all information a
reasonable investor would consider important to their relationship with Parametric.
Parametric is registered as a Delegated Fund Manager by the Central Bank of Ireland. As detailed in Item
Industry Activities and Affiliations, Parametric serves as a sub-adviser to certain
10—Other Financial
affiliated, commingled funds registered with the Central Bank of Ireland.
Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC markets under the following names:
• Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC
• Parametric Portfolio Associates
• Parametric
As of December 31, 2024, Parametric held approximately $574.0 billion in total client assets under
management (AUM). This is comprised of roughly $534.5 billion in discretionary AUM and $39.5 billion in
non-discretionary AUM.
Item 5—Fees and Compensation
For the investment management services provided, Parametric charges a fee to its clients. Fees are generally
quoted on an annualized basis as a percentage of the client’s assets under management. Parametric’s
Parametric - Form ADV Part 2A – 08/15/2025
Page 3
standard fees and minimum account size are set forth below. The fee schedules stated below are all
negotiable and vary by investment strategy, product type, account size, customization requirements and
required service levels. Certain strategies offered by Parametric are available to retail investors indirectly via
financial intermediaries who negotiate their fee with Parametric. Fee rates and schedules for mutual funds
sub-advised by Parametric may vary and are disclosed within the applicable fund’s prospectus or offering
documents. Participants in wrap programs should consult the brochure provided by their wrap sponsor.
Parametric may charge higher fees based on the complexity of the account’s customization or other client
requests.
Investment Strategy
Fee Schedule
Account Minimum
Absolute Return Volatility Risk Premia
First $100mm: 60 bps
$20,000,000
Over $100mm: 50 bps
Absolute Return Volatility Risk Premia 0.5
First $20mm: 45 bps
$20,000,000
Over $20mm: 35 bps
Affiliated Strategies
35-50 bps
$200,000-$450,000
Centralized Portfolio Management
23 bps
$250,000
Commodity
First $25mm: 50 bps
$15,000,000
Next $25mm: 45 bps
Next $50mm: 40 bps
Over $100mm: 35 bps
Custom Call Writing
45 bps
$1,000,000
Custom Portfolio Call Writing
45 bps
$1,000,000
Custom Active
Dependent on strategy 1
$100,000
Custom Core - Buy-Write
65 bps
$2,000,000
Custom Core – Equity (Domestic)
35 bps
$250,000
Custom Core – Equity (Non-U.S.)
40 bps
$250,000
Custom Core – Fixed Income
15 bps
$250,000
Custom Extension SMA
40 bps
$1,000,000
1 The fee for Custom Active is dependent on the fee charged by the Research Provider for their model portfolios.
Parametric’s standard fee for the tax management services it provides in Custom Active is 10 bps on top of the fee
charged by the Research Provider.
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Investment Strategy
Fee Schedule
Account Minimum
Custom Extension SMA (High leverage)
58 bps
$3,000,000
Defensive Equity
First $20mm: 45 bps
$20,000,000
Over $20mm: 35 bps
Defensive Equity (Global)
45bps
$50,000,000
Dividend Income
35 bps
$250,000
Dividend Growth
35 bps
$250,000
Dynamic Hedged Equity
45 bps
$1,000,000
Dynamic Put Selling
First $20mm: 45 bps
$20,000,000
Over $20mm: 35 bps
Elevated Beta Volatility Risk Premia
First $20mm: 45 bps
$20,000,000
Over $20mm: 35 bps
Emerging Markets – Equity
First $150mm: 65 bps
$75,000,000
Next $150mm: 50 bps
Over $300mm: 45 bps
Emerging Markets Core – Equity
First $150mm: 45 bps
$50,000,000
Next $150mm: 40 bps
Over $300mm: 35 bps
Enhanced Income
35 bps
$100,000
Enhanced Income Tax Advantaged
35 bps
$100,000
Enhanced Income Core
35 bps
$100,000
Enhanced Income Core Tax-Advantaged
35 bps
$100,000
Equity Plus
35 bps
$20,000,000
Fixed Budget Put Buying
45 bps
$1,000,000
International Equity
First $150mm: 35 bps
$10,000,000
Next $150mm: 25 bps
Over $300mm 20 bps
Liability Driven Investing
First $50mm: 15 bps
None
Over $50mm: 10 bps
Min. quarterly fee: $18,750
Parametric - Form ADV Part 2A – 08/15/2025
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Investment Strategy
Fee Schedule
Account Minimum
Liability Driven Investing Corporate Bond
18 bps
$10,000,000
Low Beta Volatility Risk Premia (Global)
45 bps
$20,000,000
Managed Preferred
20 bps
$250,000
Managed Corporate
12 bps
$250,000
MSIM Managed Municipal Intermediate
17 bps
$175,000
Multi-Asset Solutions
28 bps
$500,000
MultiFactor (Domestic)
First $150mm: 13 bps
$600,000
Next $150mm: 11 bps
Over $300mm: 8 bps
MultiFactor (Global)
First $150mm: 18 bps
$100,000,000
Next $150mm: 16 bps
Over $300mm: 13 bps
NRC (Non-Resident Client) Preferred
20 bps
$250,000
$25 Preferred
20 bps
$75,000
Option Absolute Return
90 bps
$1,000,000
Overlay Solutions
First $50mm: 15 bps
None
Over $50mm: 10 bps
Min. quarterly fee: $18,750;
$1,500 monthly retainer
Risk-Managed Put Selling
45 bps
$1,000,000
Tax-Advantaged Bond Strategies (TABS) Managed
17 bps
$175,000
Municipals
TABS Enhanced Managed Municipals
17 bps
$250,000
TABS Enhanced Municipal Ladders
16 bps
$250,000
TABS Municipal Ladders
16 bps
$250,000
TABS Total Return
32 bps
$250,000
Tax-Harvest Core
20 bps
$75,000
Parametric - Form ADV Part 2A – 08/15/2025
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Investment Strategy
Fee Schedule
Account Minimum
Tax Optimized Ladders
16 bps
$250,000
Trend Following
35 bps
$20,000,000
U.S. Corporate Ladders
16 bps
$100,000
U.S. Treasury Ladders
8 bps
$100,000
For certain investment strategies, the index or investment screen selected by a client and applied to its
account will carry an additional fee for individual client use. These fees are, in certain cases, passed on to
individual clients. These fees are either charged on a percentage of client portfolio AUM basis or a flat fee
depending on the screen, index or indexes chosen. These fees will be documented in writing.
The advisory fees charged by Parametric are confirmed in writing in the client’s (or their intermediary’s)
investment advisory/sub-advisory agreement with Parametric. Fees across all Parametric products are
typically charged as a percentage of the client portfolio’s AUM as of the last business day of the quarter,
but Parametric may agree with clients to other billing methodologies, including average monthly or daily
valuation or billing in advance. Cash flows more than certain thresholds may be factored into the fee
calculation if agreed upon in writing. Parametric may assess a minimum quarterly fee to accounts that do
not trade or fall below the stated asset minimum during a given period. This minimum account fee is
acknowledged in the written client agreement. A reporting fee may also be charged to clients requesting
enhanced or specialized reporting. This reporting fee is usually charged on a monthly basis and added to
the quarterly fee. Custom fixed-fee pricing, subject to negotiation, is also available for certain additional
services. Clients may elect to be billed directly for fees or authorize Parametric to directly bill fees to the
client’s custodial account. If Parametric bills the client’s custodian directly, Parametric must have written
authorization from the client or their intermediary to invoice the custodial account and the client must
receive at least quarterly statements from its custodian to comply with regulations.
Unless otherwise provided in an investment advisory agreement, when Parametric is responsible for
calculating the fees owed by a client, it will calculate the billable assets for which Parametric provides
investment advice according to its internal accounting system. Parametric utilizes third party pricing vendors
in valuing positions. Parametric may fair value a security in the event a current price is not available from
Parametric’s approved pricing sources or if Parametric elects, in its reasonable discretion, to override a price.
A conflict of interest exists when Parametric calculates fees based on securities it has set a fair value for as
Parametric is incentivized to apply a higher valuation. Parametric has adopted valuation policies and
procedures which are designed to value securities fairly, mitigating this conflict of interest. Due to factors,
including but limited to fair-valued securities, different pricing sources, and pending portfolio activities, a
client account’s AUM calculated by Parametric may not match the account’s AUM reported by the client’s
custodian. When this occurs over a billing period end, Parametric will calculate fees based on the AUM
reflected in its accounting systems, which may differ from the AUM reported by the client’s custodian if
there is pending activity.
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Clients or Parametric may terminate a contract for any reason subject to contractual notice requirements.
Normally, clients may cancel Parametric’s services upon specified written notice (e.g., 30 days). Parametric
reserves the right to waive any applicable notice period. During the period specified in the advisory contract,
Parametric's ordinary fees are earned and payable unless Parametric has waived the required notice period.
Parametric may terminate an investment advisory contract by giving specified written notice to the client.
If a client account becomes untradable, Parametric may initiate termination of the investment management
agreement and/or freeze billing for the account. Accounts initiated or terminated during a calendar quarter
are charged a prorated fee. Upon termination of an account, any prepaid, unearned fees are refunded, and
any earned, unpaid fees are due and payable.
Parametric has entered into various advisory agreements with investment advisers and other financial
intermediaries with respect to investment programs they offer. Typically, Parametric negotiates fees with
the intermediaries, wrap sponsors or wrap providers and not with individuals participating in such programs.
However, for specialized portfolio customization, additional fees may be charged based on the size and
complexity of the accounts.
Parametric has organized and serves as the investment adviser and/or managing member of certain private
pooled investment vehicles that are exempt from registration under the 1940 Act (each a PPA Private Fund
and collectively the PPA Private Funds). Certain PPA Private Funds are organized as a fund of one and are
not available to prospective investors. Parametric charges a management fee for its management of the
PPA Private Funds. Prospective investors should review the offering documents of the applicable fund for
information about fees and expenses associated with each PPA Private Fund.
Parametric reserves the right to change its standard fee schedules and absent contractual provisions to the
contrary is not required to change the fee schedules of existing clients to match such updated fee schedules,
even if such updated fee schedules would be more advantageous. Parametric may, at its sole discretion,
offer certain clients more advantageous fee schedules than those offered to other clients for similar services
provided.
Parametric’s fees are exclusive of brokerage commissions, transaction fees, and other related costs and
expenses. Clients are responsible for certain charges imposed by custodians, broker-dealers and other third
parties, including but not limited to: fees charged by third-party managers, margin costs for leverage,
borrowing charges on securities should short, custodial fees, deferred sales charges, odd-lot differentials,
transfer taxes, withholding fees, country tax or delivery fees, wire transfer and electronic fund fees, and other
fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities transactions. Clients are also responsible for paying
fees to third-party managers providing models to be utilized in Parametric’s Centralized Portfolio
Management (CPM) product. Certain Parametric investment strategies invest in mutual funds, closed-end
funds, exchange-traded notes and ETFs which charge shareholders with management fees. These fees are
disclosed in the funds or ETF’s prospectus or offering memorandum. Parametric may invest client assets in
mutual funds or closed-end funds offered or managed by affiliates of Parametric. The Enhanced Income
strategies will at times invest in closed-end funds sponsored and/or advised by Parametric’s affiliates. The
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CPM strategy, as further described in Item 8, implements client-selected third-party manager models that
may include, as a model constituent, funds sponsored and or advised/sub-advised by Parametric and its
affiliates. In addition to the advisory fee paid directly to Parametric, certain clients that hold such affiliated
fund shares also pay a management fee indirectly to Parametric’s affiliate as a fund shareholder. Parametric
does not receive compensation from a mutual fund sponsor (including affiliates of Parametric) when clients
invest in such mutual funds but does receive compensation in the form of management fees where a client
selected third party model includes funds sub-advised by Parametric. Management fees charged to fund
shareholders are incremental to Parametric’s investment management fee. Clients should consider all fees
and expenses prior to investing in any securities or similar instruments. External legal fees incurred by
Parametric on behalf of a client to establish trading accounts, or incremental fees to create specialized
securities such as swaps, can be billed to a client separately as agreed upon between Parametric and such
client. Such costs are exclusive of and in addition to Parametric’s fee, and Parametric does not retain any
portion of these payments. Please refer to Item 12 of this Brochure regarding Parametric’s brokerage
practices and various factors Parametric considers in selecting or recommending broker-dealers for client
transactions and determining the reasonableness of their compensation.
Parametric generally negotiates the fees paid to it in wrap fee and sub-advised relationships directly with
the sponsors of such programs, and not with individual participants. Some custody relationships require a
minimum account size or annual fee. Wrap fee and sub-advisory program clients receive a brochure from
the introducing sponsor detailing all aspects of the wrap fee or sub-advisory program before selecting
Parametric as the sub-adviser. Fees and features of each program offered by the various introducing
sponsors vary. For wrap or sub-advised accounts, participants generally pay the sponsor a single fee and
Parametric is paid its negotiated fee rate by the introducing sponsor for advisory services, which may be
included or in addition to the wrap fee paid to the introducing sponsor. Wrap fee or sub-advisory program
clients should consult the introducing sponsor’s brochure for the specific fees and features applicable to
their program.
In addition to investment advisory fees received from clients, Parametric and its employees receive or pay
compensation and fees from or to affiliates for the sale of securities or other investment products. Clients
do not bear additional fees associated with such payments. As described in Item 14, Parametric has entered
into revenue sharing and/or solicitation agreements related to sales activities with both third party and
affiliated firms.
Affiliates of Parametric offer services and products that are cross marketed with products and services
offered by Parametric. Parametric personnel who are registered representatives of affiliated broker-dealers
can receive compensation for selling affiliated products. Licensed personnel can receive compensation for
selling commingled funds advised or sub-advised by Parametric. Parametric believes it adequately
addresses potential conflicts of interest that may arise out of such arrangements.
As outlined in Item 8, Parametric offers a broad array of investment strategies across different asset classes.
Many of these strategies are offered in multiple types of investment vehicles (e.g. separately managed
account, private fund, or registered fund). The amount of compensation or commission earned by the sales
Parametric - Form ADV Part 2A – 08/15/2025
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personnel of Parametric and its affiliates can vary across both investment strategy and investment vehicle.
This could create a conflict of interest by incentivizing the sale of one strategy or investment vehicle over
another. Parametric believes this potential conflict is largely mitigated through supervisory review and by
the fact that Parametric’s strategies are offered to or through sophisticated institutional investors and
financial intermediaries.
Item 6—Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Performance-Based Fees
Parametric does not currently manage any client account for which it charges a performance-based fee.
Should Parametric enter into such an arrangement, it would be subject to negotiation with the client.
Parametric will structure any performance or incentive-based fee arrangement subject to Section 205(a)(1)
of the Advisers Act and in accordance with the exemptions available thereunder, including the exemption
set forth in Rule 205-3. In measuring a client’s assets for the calculation of performance-based fees,
Parametric shall include realized and unrealized capital gains and losses. Although such fee arrangements
may create an incentive to favor accounts subject to a performance-based fee over other accounts when
allocating investment opportunities, Parametric has implemented policies and procedures designed to
ensure that all clients are treated fairly and equitably. Parametric generally employs systematic, rules-based
investment strategies which produce investment decisions objectively across all client accounts. An account
subject to a performance-based fee would be managed and traded no differently than client accounts
subject to different fee structures.
The performance-based component of a fee may be negotiated for any part of the fee up to 100%.
Performance-based fees are dependent on the achievement of an annualized performance objective relative
to an agreed upon third-party index or benchmark (e.g., S&P 500® Index, Barclays Capital Intermediate
Government Corporate Index, or 90-Day Treasury Bills). Fees for custom-designed or specialized strategies,
and strategies comprised of more than one Parametric product are negotiable and are dependent upon the
degree of complexity, the expected time period over which the service is to be performed, and the value of
portfolio assets to be managed.
Side-by-Side Management
Parametric provides investment advisory services to clients through various investment vehicles. Parametric
may manage client assets invested in the same or similar strategies are held in separately managed accounts
(SMAs) or commingled in a private fund, mutual fund or other registered fund (collectively Funds). Different
strategies can invest in the same or similar securities. This gives rise to potential conflicts of interest since
Parametric has an incentive to favor certain accounts over others. Examples of this include:
• Allocating favored or scarce investment opportunities to larger accounts or relationships which pay
more fees in the aggregate than smaller accounts or relationships.
• Allocating favored or scarce investment opportunities to accounts with performance-based fees or
higher fee schedules than other accounts.
Parametric - Form ADV Part 2A – 08/15/2025
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•
The portfolio manager allocates more time and attention to accounts with higher fee rates or larger
aggregate fee amounts.
• Allocating investment opportunities to accounts or funds where an employee, Parametric, or an
affiliate has a proprietary interest.
•
Trades get executed for an account or client that may adversely impact the value of securities held
by a different account or client.
•
Trading and securities selected for a particular SMA or Fund cause differences in the performance
of other SMAs or Funds that have similar strategies.
Parametric and affiliates have adopted trade allocation procedures and Parametric monitors performance
of its client accounts to help ensure Parametric’s portfolio managers do not favor certain clients or accounts
over each other and there is fair and equitable treatment of all clients and accounts over time. As described
above and below in Item 8, Parametric’s rules-based investment strategy assists in mitigating these conflicts
of interest. Please see Item12 – Brokerage Practices for more details on our trading practices. During periods
of unusual market conditions, Parametric may deviate from its stated trade allocation practices. There is no
assurance, however, that all conflicts have been or may be identified or addressed for all situations.
Item 7—Types of Clients
Parametric provides portfolio management services to a range of client types, including: individuals; high
net-worth individuals; corporations; corporate pension and profit-sharing plans; Taft-Hartley plans; banking
and thrift institutions; charitable institutions, foundations and endowments; state, municipal and federal
government entities; registered investment companies; trust programs; other investment advisers;
sovereign funds; foreign registered and private funds; other pooled investment vehicles; other U.S. and
international institutions. Account minimums vary, depending on the channel through which a client
accesses Parametric’s services. For example, clients opening an account through a wrap fee program or sub-
advisory relationship may have lower minimums than clients opening a direct account with Parametric.
Minimum account size varies by strategy – please see Item 5 for the specific minimum account size for
particular strategies. Parametric reserves the right to waive account minimums at its discretion. Parametric
primarily serves U.S. clients with assets maintained by qualified custodians in the U.S. Parametric may accept
certain non-U.S. clients, in its sole discretion, in accordance with all applicable laws.
Parametric does not generally engage retail clients directly. Retail investors may access Parametric’s
advisory services by investing in funds sub-advised by Parametric (subject to any qualification standards) or
they can engage Parametric indirectly via their investment advisor or financial consultant, broker-dealers,
and other financial intermediaries (each an Advisor). Parametric’s contractual relationship with retail clients
is documented pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between Parametric and their Advisor or a dual- or
tri-party agreement to which Parametric is a party. Parametric retains the discretion to refuse to accept a
client. It is the responsibility of a retail client’s Advisor to evaluate the client’s investment objectives, risks
tolerance and financial standing and determine whether a Parametric strategy is appropriate for the retail
client. It is the responsibility of an institutional client or its staff, advisor, or consultant to evaluate the client’s
investment objectives, risk tolerance and financial standing and determine whether a Parametric strategy
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and the investment guidelines are suitable for the institutional client. While Parametric may receive detailed
client information either directly from the client or from the client’s Advisor, such information is used solely
as background information for Parametric to familiarize itself with the client, and by accepting a retail client,
Parametric does not imply or acknowledge that it has determined that the applicable strategy chosen by
the client’s Advisor is suitable for the client. Parametric will ensure that investment decisions made within a
client’s account are suitable based on the mandate it is hired for.
Item 8—Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis
In providing investment advisory services to its clients, Parametric utilizes structured, mathematical and
rules-based methods of analysis. Parametric has designed proprietary models and technology that guide
its investment decision-making processes. Investment strategies employed are generally customized to
address the specific needs of the client. For example, equity portfolios are typically constructed using only
the securities from a benchmark or model selected by the client. Fixed income portfolios are typically
constructed using only bonds with a certain credit quality or duration set by the client. For an account using
an overlay strategy, the securities or derivatives selected for inclusion are based on the client’s underlying
portfolio. Parametric’s rules-based methodologies may, depending on the client’s mandate, consider risks,
expenses, taxes and other portfolio characteristics when making investment decisions. For certain strategies,
Parametric relies on research, data, and indexes provided by third parties and affiliates in making investment
decisions.
Investment Strategies
Parametric offers a variety of quantitative, rules-based, risk-managed investment strategies to address the
specific investment objectives of its clients. In pursuing these strategies, Parametric can invest in a wide
range of securities and other financial instruments across various asset classes, depending on the specific
mandate of the client.
Parametric’s significant investment strategies are described below. The descriptions are summaries and are
not intended to be comprehensive. Parametric implements its investment strategies on behalf of individua l
and institutional investors, each of which may have their own set of investment objectives, restrictions, tax
considerations and risk tolerances. Parametric may modify a strategy to meet the specific needs of a client.
Each strategy is subject to certain risks as described later in this Item 8.
Absolute Return Volatility Risk Premia
Absolute Return Volatility Risk Premia 0.5
The Parametric Absolute Return Volatility Risk Premia strategy is designed to capitalize on the observed
historical tendency for equity index option premiums to trade at implied volatility levels that exceed the
subsequent level of actual (i.e., realized) market volatility. The strategy seeks to generate absolute returns
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by selling an approximately equal blend of equity index calls and puts collateralized by a portfolio of
Treasury securities. The Absolute Return Volatility Risk Premia strategy sells out-of-the-money calls and
puts each equal to 100% of the base portfolio, while Absolute Return Volatility Risk Premia 0.5 sells out-of-
the-money calls and puts each equal to 50% of the base portfolio. Accounts may be funded or unfunded .
Additionally, the account may be customized to have less derivatives exposure therefore less return
potential and less risk than the standard design. For funded accounts, the strategy consists of a core position
in US Treasury securities fully collateralizing short options positions. Its objective is to outperform the base
portfolio of short-term U.S. Treasury securities. Unfunded accounts consist of short positions in S&P 500®
Index options collateralized by margin eligible assets owned by the client. For unfunded accounts, the
objective is an absolute positive return. Notwithstanding the strategy’s objective, a sharp appreciation or
depreciation of the underlying index over a short period of time may result in significant losses. For
unfunded accounts, such a movement may require significant cash to be contributed to the portfolio to
satisfy portfolio obligations. A sharp appreciation or depreciation can result from various causes including
but not limited to: (i) news announcements or economic data concerning the U.S. or global economy or
specific sectors or issuers; (ii) political risk; (iii) rational or irrational market behavior; or (iv) real or perceived
liquidity crisis.
Affiliated Strategies
The Platform, as defined in Item 4, utilizes models provided by the Research Providers. All of the strategies
currently available to clients on the Platform are equity and fixed income strategies but may be expanded
in the future to include other asset classes. As the centralized portfolio manager, Parametric implements
the Research Provider strategy(s) selected by the client. Parametric shall be ultimately responsible for
account rebalances, enhanced tax lot management, managing risk relative to the client’s asset allocation,
and implementing any client specific considerations and may deviate from the Research Provider model
due to these factors. There are certain conflicts of interest associated with the provision of models by
Research Providers. Research Providers may offer the same strategies to their own clients or may provide
the same model to other third parties. This creates conflicts of interest, such as the timing of model delivery
versus when a Research Provider trades on behalf of its own clients or the timing around the sequencing of
model delivery to multiple recipients. The Research Providers have adopted practices to monitor and
mitigate such conflicts of interest and to ensure fair and equitable treatment over time. As applicable, these
practices include trade monitoring or the implementation of model rotations under which the Research
Provider alternates the delivery of model updates to recipients.
The Research Providers are each investment advisers registered with the SEC. Information about a Research
Provider’s investment strategies and business activities is provided in each respective Research Provider’s
Form ADV Part 2A which are available at https://adviserinfo.sec.gov/.
Centralized Portfolio Management
Centralized Portfolio Management (CPM) is an investment management process that is customized to
address each client’s investment objective, risk tolerance, and tax considerations. The investment objective
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of a CPM portfolio is to provide—within a single coordinated portfolio—the pre-tax return of a combinatio n
of asset managers or styles while seeking to maintain control over total portfolio risk, costs and taxes. CPM
utilizes the expertise of client-selected third-party managers who deliver their investment recommendations
for their respective asset class to Parametric, who then serves as the centralized portfolio manager. Third
party manager allocation is generally designated by the client’s financial advisor or other fiduciary.
Parametric considers all third-party managers’ recommendations and, using proprietary technology,
executes trades that best serve the portfolio’s needs. The benefits of CPM include coordinated account
rebalancing, enhanced tax lot management and processes designed to control risk relative to the client
asset allocation. CPM portfolios generally invest exclusively in equity securities, including mutual funds and
exchange-traded funds, but may also invest in other security types to the extent that the customized
strategy permits the use of non-equity securities. The specific risks associated with a CPM portfolio depend
on a client’s investment objective and the types of securities and instruments used to achieve that client’s
investment objective.
Commodity
The Parametric Commodity strategy invests primarily in a portfolio comprised of commodity futures
contracts, which are backed by cash or U.S. Treasury securities as collateral. The investment objective of this
strategy is to provide a broad-based, long-only portfolio of commodities to capture the potential
diversifying and inflation-fighting characteristics of the asset class.
Custom Active
Parametric offers Custom Active strategies for which Parametric provides tax-management and other
customization overlay services on strategies provided by Research Providers through model portfolios
selected by clients or their financial professionals. In this capacity, Parametric expects its management of
client portfolios will incur a certain limited amount of tracking error to a Research Provider’s model portfolio
strategy in order to seek to reduce the Client’s realized gains, increase realized losses through tax-loss
harvesting and manage holding periods to receive more favorable tax treatment. Parametric will from time-
to-time deviate from model constituents in certain Custom Active strategies, as certain Research Providers
will provide an extended universe which Parametric can utilize as tax loss harvest replacement securities in
an effort to enhance after-tax returns. Custom Active strategies can be implemented via individua l
separately managed accounts, which can be customized upon client request to meet the unique needs of
each client. In addition to enhanced tax management as described above, Custom Active portfolios can also
be customized based on client preferences for individual security, ESG, industry, or sector screens.
Parametric has entered into agreements with Research Providers to access the model portfolios and will
compensate Research Providers based on the amount of assets under management in a Custom Active
strategy utilizing the Research Provider’s model portfolio(s). Parametric has engaged Research Providers
solely to make its services available to clients selecting the model provider’s models through the Custom
Active strategy, and Parametric has not engaged a model provider in a fiduciary capacity to any client
participating in a Custom Active strategy. Clients should not expect that Parametric has performed any due
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diligence or monitoring of the model providers or their strategy, and Parametric makes no representations
on the merits of any model provider or its strategy. Clients and their financial professionals are responsible
for conducting appropriate due diligence on a model provider and its strategy before selecting a model
provider and model portfolio underlying a Custom Active strategy and for monitoring their ongoing
performance.
The Research Providers are each investment advisers registered with the SEC. Information about a Research
Provider’s investment strategies and business activities is provided in each respective Research Provider’s
Form ADV Part 2A which are available at https://adviserinfo.sec.gov/.
Custom Call Writing, Custom Portfolio Call Writing and Custom Core Buy-Write
The Custom Call Writing, Custom Portfolio Call Writing, and Custom Core® Buy-Write strategies are
managed call writing programs for investors who hold concentrated stock positions or equity or ETF
portfolios. The strategies seek to improve expected performance through the sale of equity or equity index
call options. Portfolio volatility is reduced in exchange for the willingness to limit upside profit potential.
Notwithstanding the strategy’s objective, a sharp appreciation of a call option’s underlier over a period of
time may result in significant losses that could require the sale of some or all of the portfolio’s shares or
require for significant cash to be contributed to the portfolio to avoid the sale of such shares. A sharp
appreciation can result from various causes including but not limited to: (i) positive news announcements
concerning an issuer, sector or economy; (ii) better than expected earnings announcements; (iii) changes of
analysts’ expectations or ratings; or (iv) certain corporate actions including dividends, mergers and
acquisitions.
Custom Core®
Parametric offers Custom Core® equity and fixed income strategies to taxable and non-taxable investors.
The investment objective of each taxable Custom Core® strategy is to provide exposure to a client selected
market segment while maximizing after-tax returns. For taxable accounts, Parametric seeks to minimize net
realized capital gains to provide improved returns over the designated benchmark on an after-tax basis.
This is achieved by utilizing tax-efficient trading methodologies such as tax-loss harvesting when deemed,
in Parametric’s discretion, to be in the client’s best interest and compliant with the client’s mandate. Tax-
loss harvesting means selling a security that has lost value in order to offset capital gains on the investor’s
tax return. In order to preserve a “harvested” loss in the U.S., Parametric will seek to avoid transactions which
may cause a violation of applicable wash sale rules. Non-taxable Custom Core® accounts seek to provide
an exposure similar to the client’s specified model or market segment while incorporating client specific
customizations or restrictions. Custom Core® strategies can be benchmarked to any standard or customized
index, including but not limited to the S&P 500®, the Russell 1000®, MSCI EAFE® and Bloomberg Barclays
Intermediate U.S. Corporate Bond. Custom Core® strategies typically invest directly in a subset of the
securities which make up the designated benchmark. Custom Core® strategies generally invest in equity or
fixed income securities but may also invest in other securities to the extent they are a constituent of the
designated benchmark.
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Custom Core® strategies can be implemented via individual separately managed accounts, which can be
customized to meet the unique needs of each client, or in a pooled or commingled investment vehicle. In
addition to enhanced tax management as described above, Custom Core® portfolios can also be customized
based on responsible investing principles. As directed by the client or its advisor, Parametric can construct
a “socially responsible” Custom Core® portfolio based on environmental, social and governance criteria
(ESG) using screens and/or tilts that remove or underweight targeted issuers, sectors or industries. Custom
Core® equity portfolios can also be customized by emphasizing factor exposures such as issuer size, value,
momentum, quality, low volatility and dividend yield (Factors). By introducing a systematic bias towards
these Factors, the strategy seeks additional return opportunities and attractive risk profiles. When managing
and presenting performance for Custom Core portfolios that have been customized based on ESG principals
or Factors, Parametric utilizes internal models as benchmarks to measure client performance. When
applying ESG screens or Factors tilts to a client portfolio, a large number of index constituents may be
excluded for investment. As such, comparing an ESG or Factor account to a broad-based index is not as
meaningful to the client and its adviser. For this reason, Parametric will present the internal, target
benchmark performance when providing performance reports for ESG and Factor portfolios as they serve
as a more meaningful gauge for assessing account performance and tracking error. Clients may request
their performance be reported against a standard index. Similar to indexes, internal models are hypothetica l
and do not reflect the deduction of fees or expenses. Unlike indexes, Parametric investment personnel are
responsible for maintaining the internal models and calculating their performance. This creates a potential
conflict of interest, as Parametric may be incentivized to manipulate the constitution of a target benchmark
in order to make client performance appear stronger. To mitigate such a conflict of interest, Parametric has
adopted governance oversight and has adopted procedures which limit reconstitution of the model to
specific timeframes or for certain limited events.
When calculating after-tax returns for U.S. accounts, Parametric applies the client’s individual tax rate (which
may include federal and state income taxes) as provided by the client. If the individual tax rate is not
provided by the client, Parametric applies the highest U.S. federal tax rates. Applying the highest U.S. federal
tax rate may cause the after-tax performance shown to be different than an investor’s actual experience.
There is a material risk that investors’ actual tax rates, the presence of current or future capital loss
carryforwards, and other investor tax circumstances may materially and negatively affect the investor’s
actual returns.
Custom Extension SMA
Custom Extension SMA (High Leverage)
The Custom Extension SMA strategy seeks to provide diversified exposure to U.S. equities and enhance
pretax returns against the strategy’s benchmark by investing in long and short equity positions using a
multi-factor approach. Holding both long and short positions may facilitate recognition of capital losses
during both falling and rising equity markets. Implementation of this strategy is contingent upon custodian-
specific requirements. Investors should consider additional factors, including but not limited to, factor
exposures used to select long and short positions, greater gross market exposure, financing costs, trading
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costs, and tax costs. Accounts which utilize a higher degree of leverage are subject to a higher fee and
account minimum.
Defensive Equity
The Defensive Equity strategy uses derivatives in combination with equities and Treasury securities in
seeking to produce significantly lower return volatility and consistently favorable risk-adjusted returns
compared to a fully invested equity portfolio. Over a full market cycle, the return objective of the strategy
is to outperform a fully invested equity portfolio with reduced volatility. The Defensive Equity strategy
creates implicit downside protection through a core position in the designated index and Treasury
securities, combined with fully collateralized short equity index call and put options. The strategy does not
utilize leverage. The Defensive Equity strategy uses a disciplined implementation process that adapts to
changing market volatility without the need for market timing or forecasts. Customized versions of the
Defensive Equity strategy may use responsible investing equity indexes or equity screening. Such versions
include Parametric Calvert ESG Defensive Equity.
Dividend Income
The Dividend Income Strategy seeks to build a diversified portfolio of "quality" dividend payers, in order to
provide a steady source of dividend income while outperforming the Russell 1000 Value on a total return
basis. The target portfolio is constructed by applying a series of quality rankings to a broad universe of U.S.
equities. To achieve broad diversification, each sector in the portfolio receives an equal weight, and the top
twenty ranked securities in each sector are also equally weighted. The portfolio is reconstituted on an annual
basis.
Dividend Growth
The Dividend Growth Strategy seeks to provide exposure to U.S. large- and mid-cap companies that exhibit
consistent, meaningful dividend growth. Secondarily, we employ a systematic, rules-based investment
approach designed to avoid the pitfalls of index-based dividend growth investing which is largely focused
on growth by year count (e.g. 10- and 25-years). We look at the consistency, size, and repeatability of
dividend growth, the latter of which includes quality and profitability metrics. The portfolio is reconstituted
on an annual basis.
Dynamic Hedged Equity
The Dynamic Hedged Equity strategy employs a systematic hedging strategy to existing equity portfolios.
The strategy seeks to reduce portfolio risk and volatility through the purchase of index put options and the
sale of index call options in a repeatable, methodical manner.
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Dynamic Put Selling
The Dynamic Put Selling strategy (DPS) seeks to produce positive absolute returns in all but significant down
markets. DPS accounts may be funded or unfunded. For funded DPS accounts, the strategy consists of a
core position in U.S. Treasury securities, fully collateralizing short positions in S&P 500® Index put options.
Its objective is to outperform the base portfolio of short-term US Treasury securities over a full market cycle
with less volatility of the S&P 500. Unfunded DPS consists of short positions in S&P 500 Index put options
collateralized by margin eligible assets owned by the client. For unfunded DPS accounts, the objective is
absolute positive return. Notwithstanding the strategy’s objective, a sharp depreciation of the underlying
index over a short period of time may result in significant losses. For unfunded DPS, such movement may
require significant cash to be contributed to the portfolio to satisfy portfolio obligations. A sharp
depreciation can result from various causes including but not limited to: (i) news announcements or
economic data concerning the U.S. or global economy or specific sectors or issuers; (ii) political risk; (iii)
rational or irrational market behavior; or (iv) real or perceived liquidity crisis.
Elevated Beta VRP
The Elevated Beta VRP strategy is designed to capitalize on the tendency of implied volatility to exceed
subsequent realized volatility. The strategy creates implicit downside protection through a core position in
the S&P 500® and U.S. Treasury securities, and then systematically sells an equal blend of equity index call
and put options to capture the options-based volatility risk premium. The notional value of options is not
expected to exceed the portfolio’s market value. This strategy is designed to increase portfolio
diversification at a lower cost than traditional alternative investments, without sacrificing liquidity.
Emerging Markets Equity and Emerging Markets Core
The Emerging Markets Equity strategy seeks to outperform a capitalization-weighted index by investing in
a portfolio that is less concentrated and bears lower expected risk. To achieve this objective, Parametric
uses a modified equal-weight approach with systematic rebalancing. The strategy invests in a diversified
portfolio of equity securities of companies located in emerging and frontier market countries. Emerging
and frontier market countries are generally countries not considered to be developed market countries, and
therefore are not included in the MSCI World Index. There are two investment disciplines: the Emerging
Markets strategy, which emphasizes broad coverage and diversification among emerging and frontier
market securities (primarily equities) using a four-tiered investment allocation approach designed to allow
for greater exposure to smaller markets; and the Emerging Markets Core strategy, which emphasizes
exposure and diversification among the top three of the four tiers of designated developed market
countries. Portfolios invested in the Parametric Emerging Markets Equity strategy are designed to capture
returns with less volatility and concentration risk than the benchmark. The investment objective of this
strategy is to buy and hold securities that are representative of the major industries within each market to
participate in the potential growth of these markets.
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Enhanced Income, Enhanced Income Tax-Advantaged, Enhanced Income Core, Enhanced Income Core
Tax-Advantaged and Enhanced Income Plus (Closed-End Funds)
The Enhanced Income and Closed-End Fund strategies invest in portfolios of CEFs, BDCs and ETFs across
multiple asset classes. The strategies use an engineered, rules-based approach with systematic
reconstitution, and are designed to provide a high level of return and the ability to target an investor’s
particular income needs. The Enhanced Income strategy typically holds a larger portfolio of securities than
the Enhanced Income Core and Enhanced Income Plus strategies. The Enhanced Income Tax-Advantaged
and Enhanced Income Core Tax-Advantaged strategies apply tax management, such as tax-loss harvesting,
in seeking after-tax excess returns. The Enhanced Income strategies may invest in CEFs offered by affiliates.
All CEFs and ETFs charge their shareholders management fees. In addition to the advisory fee paid directly
to Parametric, certain clients holding shares of CEFs sponsored or advised by affiliates also pay a
management fee indirectly to the affiliate as a fund shareholder. Parametric does not receive any
compensation from its affiliates when its clients invest in such CEFs. CEFs are less liquid than other equity
securities. As such, it is common for Parametric to step-out trade orders for CEFs. For additional information
about Parametric’s brokerage practices, see Item 12 of this Brochure. The Enhanced Income and Enhanced
Income Core strategies are generally no longer available to new investors as of August 2021. Enhanced
Income Plus is available to new investors.
ESG Strategies
Environmental, social and governance (ESG) considerations can be incorporated into the investment process
of many of the strategies described herein. Parametric strives to incorporate ESG considerations in
managing client portfolios as appropriate depending on a client’s mandate. For a separately managed
account, Parametric can incorporate a wide variety of ESG data in the portfolio construction process. In
addition to licensing both standard and thematic ESG indices from third-party research providers,
Parametric utilizes ESG business involvement and scoring data from third-party providers, which is
incorporated into the rules-based implementation of a portfolio. Parametric also works with clients to
implement custom restriction lists from other research providers, when applicable.
In addition to a handful of proprietary, integrated and screened strategies, Parametric offers over 50 readily
available screens. In addition to these offerings Parametric offers strategies which utilize research, indexes,
and broad-based and thematic ESG strategies provided by, Calvert Research and Management (CRM), an
affiliate of Parametric.
Equity Plus (Premium Liquid Upside Strategy)
Equity Plus combines a passive core portfolio with beta-neutralized call overwriting, seeking to outperform
the S&P 500. The base portfolio comprises 100% S&P 500 exposure, overlayed with short-dated index call
options. To neutralize the short equity exposure embedded in short call options, Equity Plus adds
incremental long equity exposure via S&P 500 futures. Expected long-term average beta of 1.0.
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Fixed Budget Put Buying
The objective of the Fixed Budget Put Buying strategy is to protect the investor from short term, sharp
downward moves in the underlying index. The strategy seeks to hedge the relative value (rather than
absolute value) of the reference portfolio against sharp depreciation in the market over short periods of
time using a laddered, purchased put equity index option overlay. In case the reference portfolio
appreciates, the strategy will likely result in a loss (though limited to the annual put premium budget). The
strategy may not succeed in its objective in a low volatility, consistently depreciating market. In addition,
due to basis risk between the strategy index and portfolio, there exists the chance that the client’s portfolio
could depreciate but the strategy’s underlying index does not appreciate as much, and the client may
experience loss in their equity portfolio while the hedge does not pay off by an offsetting amount.
Global Defensive Equity
The Global Defensive Equity (GDE) strategy seeks to achieve attractive risk-adjusted returns relative to the
MSCI ACWISM Index across all market environments. The strategy structurally reduces equity market risk,
while adding a relatively uncorrelated risk premium using derivatives to enhance returns. GDE portfolios are
constructed and managed to capitalize on the financial "volatility risk premium" that has historically been
embedded in index option prices. GDE creates implicit downside protection through a core asset allocation
that is split between equity and U.S. Treasury Bills. Equity index call and put options are then sold against
these core positions. All short option positions are fully collateralized to eliminate any potential leverage.
International Equity
The International Equity strategy seeks to outperform a capitalization-weighted index by investing in a
portfolio that is less concentrated and bears lower expected risk. To achieve this objective, Parametric uses
a modified equal-weight approach with systematic rebalancing. The strategy invests primarily in a diversified
portfolio of equity securities of companies domiciled in developed markets outside of the U.S. The strategy
may also invest in equity securities of companies located in emerging market countries. The strategy’s
primary investment objective is to seek long-term capital appreciation by investing in securities which are
representative of the major industries within each market to participate in the potential growth of these
markets. The International Equity strategy is also offered through a tax-managed account.
Liability Driven Investing
Liability Driven Investing Corporate Bonds
Parametric’s Liability Driven Investing (LDI) strategy is intended to assist pension plan clients in the design
and implementation of a plan that seeks to reduce risk and manage pension surplus volatility within a
defined range. The strategy seeks to manage the key drivers of pension surplus volatility through the use
of Treasury futures, interest rate swaps, swaptions, nominal Treasuries, STRIPs and Investment Grade Bonds.
Similar to the LDI strategy, the LDI Corporate Bonds strategy is intended for pension plans. The LDI
Corporate Bonds strategy seeks to create and maintain a diversified portfolio of high-quality bonds that
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will closely match the performance of a plan’s liabilities, thereby providing the low expected tacking error.
For both strategies, Parametric seeks to incorporate the client’s objectives and constraints in the design,
implementation and ongoing management of a custom LDI risk management solution. The implementatio n
of the LDI strategy is unique to each individual pension plan and each has its own total surplus risk exposure
depending on funding levels, plan provisions, stage of the plan’s lifecycle, and willingness to take on risk to
close funding gaps. The performance of the LDI solutions must be viewed in light of the overall investment
strategy and the matching/mismatching qualities of the total asset portfolio against liabilities. While overall
surplus risk is reduced through an LDI solution, the strategy does not guarantee that it will perform better
than other strategies in all cases. The specific risks associated with each LDI solution depend on the client’s
pension plan design and implementation and the types of instruments used to achieve that client’s LDI
objective.
Low Beta VRP (Global)
The Global Low Beta VRP strategy employs a mix of global equity index put and call options to capture the
volatility risk premium. The strategy follows a transparent, rules-based investment process that targets an
equity beta comparable to hedge funds, without the use of leverage.
Managed Corporate
The Managed Corporate strategy seeks to preserve capital and outperform their respective benchmarks by
focusing on the return of principal by investing in traditional, investment-grade corporate bonds. The
Managed Corporate Strategy seeks to outperform the Bloomberg US 1–3 Year Corporate Bond Index by
investing in corporate bonds with maturities generally ranging from 1 to 3 years. Credit analysis is
incorporated in the selection of sectors and securities. The portfolio managers consult and collaborate with
the execution trading desk to incorporate liquidity analysis in security selection. Security selection, portfolio
construction and related maintenance is administered by the portfolio management team.
Managed Preferred
The Managed Preferred strategy aims to deliver tax advantaged qualified dividend income, while seeking
to preserve capital. The strategy invests in "fixed to float” $1,000 par institutional hybrid securities and holds
a high percentage of tax-advantaged qualified dividend income securities. This strategy generally consists
of over-the-counter preferred securities and is highly concentrated in financials.
Access Zero Equity Investment Solutions
The Access Zero Investment Solutions are model portfolios designed to deliver the broad risk and return
characteristics of each strategy’s respective benchmark index. The strategies are managed using a
quantitative investment approach for security selection and seek to provide clients with access to cost-
efficient domestic or internal equity market beta exposure, utilizing Parametric’s quantitative investment
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approach. These strategies are not intended to fully replicate associated benchmark indices and are
expected to incur tracking error.
MSIM Managed Municipal Intermediate
The MSIM Managed Municipal strategy is an actively managed National or State portfolio which seeks tax-
free income and capital preservation by investing in a diversified portfolio of high-quality municipal bonds
across varying duration ranges. The strategy takes an opportunistic approach to the municipal bond market.
The strategy seeks to add value by purchasing bonds on the institutional bid side while selling on the retail
offer side. The strategy also seeks to add value by taking advantage of long-term credit trends and adjusting
positioning along the yield curve. All bonds are systematically analyzed using Parametric’s proprietary credit
analysis that seeks to avoid potential problems and uncover potential value. The portfolio has an
intermediate duration target.
Multi-Asset Solutions
Parametric offers Multi-Asset Solutions to investors who are seeking equity and fixed income exposure in a
single portfolio customized pursuant to the client’s unique investment objectives. Implemented in a
separately managed account, a Multi-Asset Solutions portfolio may include equity securities, fixed income
securities, exchange-traded funds or mutual funds. Parametric manages the entire portfolio and, if fixed
income securities are selected, it coordinates management of the fixed-income allocation internally or with
any third-party fixed-income manager. The allocations to equity and fixed income securities are set by the
client and/or their advisor.
Multifactor
Parametric offers the U.S. Multifactor strategy and Global Multifactor strategy, each of which is designed to
provide risk-controlled and diversified exposure to multiple investment factors and seeks to outperform a
capitalization-weighted index over the long run. To achieve this objective, Parametric uses a diversified
portfolio of stocks that targets four investment themes: quality, momentum, value, and low volatility. The
strategies are constructed using an integrated optimization approach and targets equal risk exposure to
each of the factors while also tilting toward factors with strong recent performance.
NRC (Non-Resident Client) Preferred
The NRC Preferred strategy seeks income and preservation of capital by investing in non-qualified dividend
income preferred and corporate subordinated debt. This strategy invests in over-the-counter securities from
developed market issuers. The strategy is typically highly concentrated in financials.
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$25 Preferred
The Parametric $25 Preferred strategy seeks to outperform the BofA Merrill Lynch Fixed Rate Preferred
Securities Index. The strategy invests in $25 par retail preferred securities and holds a high percentage of
tax-advantaged qualified dividend income securities. This strategy generally consists of exchange-listed
preferred securities and is highly concentrated in financials.
Option Absolute Return
The Option Absolute Return strategy (OARS) is designed to serve as an overlay solution for a client’s
underlying equity or bond portfolio. An OARS portfolio seeks to generate excess returns through the sale
of index call spreads and index put spreads. Notwithstanding the strategy’s objective, a sharp appreciation
or depreciation of the underlying index over a short period of time may result in significant losses (still
generally limited to the maximum 28-day drawdown identified in the Investment Management Agreement).
Such movement may require significant cash to be contributed to the portfolio to satisfy portfolio
obligations. A sharp appreciation or depreciation can result from various causes including but not limited
to: (i) news announcements or economic data concerning the U.S. or global economy or specific sectors or
issuers; (ii) political risk; (iii) rational or irrational market behavior; or (iv) real or perceived liquidity crisis.
Overlay Solutions
Overlay Solutions is a comprehensive set of custom overlay strategies designed to achieve investment
objectives through information technology and adherence to detailed investment management guidelines.
The program’s objectives are to increase expected portfolio returns, improve portfolio liquidity, and reduce
performance risk relative to policy benchmarks. Overlay Solutions is intended to be a risk neutral strategy
relative to the target mix defined by the client. When an Overlay Solutions portfolio is combined with a
client’s underlying portfolio, it is expected to produce volatility similar to that of the benchmark portfolio.
Overlays of client designated “cash equivalent” positions may also be a part of the program. Leverage is not
employed unless desired by the client. Clients may use Overlay Solutions for cash securitization, rebalancing,
transition management, interest rate management currency management and other exposure management
positions as needed based on client objectives. Overlay Solutions utilizes exchange-traded instruments ,
derivatives, over the counter (OTC) instruments, and other financial products to achieve its objective.
Risk-Managed Put Selling
The Risk-Managed Put Selling strategy (RPS) seeks to generate excess returns through the sale of index put
spreads. It is designed to serve as an overlay solution for a client’s underlying bond portfolio.
Notwithstanding the strategy’s objective, a sharp depreciation of the underlying index over a short period
of time may result in significant losses (still generally limited to the maximum 28-day drawdown identified
in the Investment Management Agreement). Such a movement may require significant cash to be
contributed to the portfolio to satisfy portfolio obligations. A sharp depreciation can result from various
causes including but not limited to: (i) news announcements or economic data concerning the US or global
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economy or specific sectors or issuers; (ii) political risk; (iii) rational or irrational market behavior; or (iv) real
or perceived liquidity crisis.
Tax-Advantaged Bond Strategies (TABS) Enhanced Municipal Ladders
Parametric offers the Enhanced Municipal Ladder strategy for implementation in a separately management
account. The strategy seeks tax-free income and capital preservation, with the goal of achieving additional
yield. The portfolio will employ the TABS Municipal Ladders strategy (see below) with a 30% allocation to a
high yield municipal income fund sponsored by an affiliate. The strategy seeks to address persistently low
interest rates with the goal of achieving higher yield for investors. The mutual fund allocation is achieved
via W-shares, a fund share class which waives the mutual fund management fee for clients of the strategy.
Parametric in turn, reimburses the affiliate sponsoring such fund for the management fee. Parametric offers
TABS Enhanced Municipal Ladders, customized, professionally managed National or State portfolios which
seek to generate predictable tax-free income and capital preservation by investing in a diversified portfolio
of high-quality municipal bonds. A TABS Enhanced Municipal Ladders portfolio generally targets about
equally weighted maturity exposure over a specified yield curve range. A fixed percentage of a portfolio’s
bonds mature, or roll out, each year and the proceeds are reinvested on the longer end of the ladder. The
strategy seeks to minimize the impact of interest-rate risk by reinvesting maturing bond proceeds at higher
interest rates. The Firm uses relative value analysis and institutional purchasing power to buy attractively
priced bonds. All bonds are systematically analyzed using proprietary credit analysis that seeks to avoid
potential problems and uncover potential value. A TABS Enhanced Municipal Ladder portfolio can be
customized to meet a client’s risk considerations by adjusting the maturity range, duration, credit quality
and state concentration.
TABS Managed Municipals
Parametric offers TABS Managed Municipals, actively managed National or State portfolios which seek tax-
free income and capital preservation by investing in a diversified portfolio of high-quality municipal bonds
across varying duration ranges. The strategy takes an opportunistic approach to the municipal bond market.
The strategy seeks to add value by purchasing bonds on the institutional bid side while selling on the retail
offer side. The strategy also seeks to add value by taking advantage of long-term credit trends and adjusting
positioning along the yield curve. All bonds are systematically analyzed using the Firm’s proprietary credit
analysis that seeks to avoid potential problems and uncover potential value. Clients can select one of three
TABS Managed Municipal strategies which differ only by the duration target of the portfolio (short,
intermediate, or long average duration).
TABS Municipal Ladders
Parametric offers TABS Municipal Ladders, customized, professionally managed National or State portfolios
which seek to generate predictable tax-free income and capital preservation by investing in a diversified
portfolio of high-quality municipal bonds. A TABS Municipal Ladders portfolio generally targets about
equally weighted maturity exposure over a specified yield curve range. A fixed percentage of a portfolio’s
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bonds mature, or roll out, each year and the proceeds are reinvested on the longer end of the ladder. The
strategy seeks to minimize the impact of interest-rate risk by reinvesting maturing bond proceeds at higher
interest rates. The Firm uses relative value analysis and institutional purchasing power to buy attractively
priced bonds. All bonds are systematically analyzed using the Firm’s proprietary credit analysis that seeks
to avoid potential problems and uncover potential value. A TABS Municipal Ladder portfolio can be
customized to meet a client’s risk considerations by adjusting the maturity range, duration, credit quality
and state concentration.
TABS Total Return
Parametric offers TABS Total Return, actively managed National portfolios which seek after-tax total return
while seeking to preserve capital by investing in a diversified portfolio of high-quality municipal bonds and
U.S. government and/or agency securities. TABS Total Return employs a quantitative investment process to
systematically determine asset allocation based on after-tax relative value. The strategy seeks to add value
by purchasing bonds on the institutional bid side while selling on the retail offer side. TABS Total Return
seeks to add value by adjusting the portfolio along the yield curve to benefit from yield curve forecasts.
When municipal bonds become overvalued, the strategy will cross over into taxable U.S. government and/or
agency securities. All investments are systematically analyzed using the Firm’s proprietary credit analysis
that seeks to avoid potential problems and uncover potential value. Clients can select one of three TABS
Total Return strategies which vary by duration target (limited, intermediate, or long duration).
Tax Harvest Core
The Tax Harvest Core strategy invests exclusively in ETFs. The strategy’s investment objective is to achieve
performance similar to the client selected index and to add value after taxes through systematic loss
harvesting. A Tax Harvest Core portfolio is typically constructed with 11 sector ETFs. Each ETF is held near
the same weight that the sector makes up in the client selected index. ETFs are selected based on their
tracking to the underlying sector, expense ratio, and liquidity. ETFs are sold when the value of a tax lot falls
by a certain loss threshold percentage. For each sector ETF in the strategy, there will be an alternate or
backup sector ETF that Parametric can use as a replacement security during the wash sale period. For
purposes of ongoing management, the backup sector ETF will be held indefinitely if the backup sector ETF
tax lot never falls by more than the predetermined loss threshold.
Tax Optimized Ladders
Parametric offers Tax Optimized Ladders which seeks to optimize the client’s fixed income allocation by
carefully considering a client’s tax rate and relative value between sectors. This strategy seeks to maximize
after-tax income and total return, while focusing on capital preservation. This objective is achieved by
tactically investing between tax-exempt municipal bonds, corporate bonds, and U.S. Treasuries, while
considering the client’s tax rate and relative value between sectors. The client’s tax rate will guide the
strategy selection and the tactical allocation between sectors during investment. A fixed percentage of a
portfolio’s bonds mature, or roll out, each year and the proceeds are reinvested on the longer end of the
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ladder. The strategy seeks to minimize the impact of interest-rate risk by reinvesting maturing bond
proceeds at higher interest rates. The Firm uses relative value analysis and institutional purchasing power
to buy attractively priced bonds. All bonds are systematically analyzed using the Firm’s proprietary credit
analysis that seeks to avoid potential problems and uncover potential value.
Trend Following
Parametric Trend is a systematic, rules based, trend-following strategy that seeks to capture a simple, but
highly diversified trend risk premia. The strategy employs leverage and utilizes futures-based securities to
invest in 51 markets, making up 4 different asset classes: commodities, equities, government bonds and
currencies.
Within each market, a trend “signal” is constructed by measuring historical returns across a total of 190
lookback windows from 3 months to 12 months long. A long position is assigned if the return over a
lookback-window is positive, and a short position is assigned if returns are negative. Final positions are
netted across all lookback windows and scaled by volatility such that each market has an equal and fixed
risk weighting (select commodities markets may have a modified weighting to broaden diversification and
avoid concentration). The model is reconstructed daily, and individual accounts are traded to the target. All
markets are accessed through exchange-traded futures.
U.S. Corporate Ladders
Parametric offers Corporate Ladders which are customized, professionally managed portfolios which seek
predictable income and capital preservation by investing in high-quality corporate bonds. A Corporate
Ladder portfolio may invest in below-investment-grade corporate bonds if directed by the client. A laddered
portfolio targets equally weighted maturity exposure over a specified yield curve range. A fixed percentage
of a portfolio’s bonds mature or roll out each year and the proceeds are reinvested on the longer end of
the ladder. Alternatively, clients can elect to take proceeds in cash. The ladder structure can provide the
opportunity to increase returns in rising interest rate scenarios. Even maturities provide stable annual
income. Corporate Ladder portfolios are diversified by sector and have limits on individual issuer exposure
to help mitigate risks. Corporate Ladders can be customized per the client’s objectives and needs, by
maturity, credit quality, sector restrictions, coupon income, maturing bond principal and ESG preferences.
Proprietary credit analysis is used to identify corporate bonds for investment and credit analysts provide
continuous monitoring of issuers and fixed income markets.
U.S. Treasury Ladders
Parametric offers U.S. Treasury Ladders, professionally managed portfolios which seek predictable income
and capital preservation by investing in U.S. Treasuries. A laddered portfolio targets equally weighted
maturity exposure over a specified yield curve range. A fixed percentage of a portfolio’s bonds mature or
roll out each year and the proceeds are reinvested on the longer end of the ladder. Alternatively, clients can
elect to take proceeds in cash. The ladder structure can provide the opportunity to increase returns in rising
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interest rate scenarios. Even maturities provide stable annual income. Treasury Ladders can be customized
per the client’s objectives by maturity range.
Summary of Material Risks
All investment and trading activities risk the loss of capital. Although Parametric will attempt to moderate
these risks, no assurance can be given that the investment activities of an account or fund will achieve the
investment objectives of such account or fund or avoid losses. Direct and indirect investing in securities
involves the risk of loss that a client should be prepared to bear.
Set forth below are some of the material risk factors that are often associated with the types of investment
strategies and techniques and types of securities relevant to many Parametric clients. The information
included in this Brochure does not include every potential risk associated with an investment strategy,
technique, or type of security applicable to a particular client’s account. Clients are urged to ask questions
regarding risks applicable to a particular strategy or investment product, read all product-specific risk
disclosures and consult with their own legal, tax, and financial professionals to determine whether a
particular investment strategy or type of security is suitable for their account in light of their specific
circumstances, investment objectives and financial situation.
Risk Considerations Associated with Investing: In general, the following is a non-exhaustive description
of risks associated with investments generally and/or could apply to one or more type of security or
investment technique.
General Economic, Geopolitical, and Market Risks: The success of Parametric investment strategies,
processes, and methods of analysis, as well as any account’s activities, can be affected by general economic,
geopolitical, and market conditions, such as inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or
expectations for deflation), interest rates (or changes in interest rates), availability of credit, market or
financial system
instability or uncertainty, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers,
health emergencies (such as epidemics and pandemics), terrorism, global demand for particular products
or resources, natural disasters and extreme weather events, supply chain disruptions, cybersecurity events,
epidemics (e.g. COVID- 19), terrorism, social and political discord, war (including regional armed conflict),
debt crises and downgrades, regulatory events, governmental or quasi-governmental actions, changes in
laws, and national and international political circumstances.
These factors create uncertainty, and can ultimately result in, among other things: increased volatility in the
financial markets for securities, derivatives, loans, credit and currency; a decrease in the reliability of market
prices and difficulty in valuing assets, greater fluctuations in spreads on debt investments and currency
exchange rates; increased risk of default (by both government and private obligors and issuers); further
social, economic, and political instability; nationalization of private enterprise; greater governmental
involvement in the economy or in social factors that impact the economy; changes to governmental
regulation and supervision of the securities, loan, derivatives and currency markets and market participants,
and decreased or revised monitoring of such markets by governments or self-regulatory organizations and
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reduced enforcement of regulations; limitations on the activities of investors in such markets; controls or
restrictions on foreign investment, capital controls and limitations on repatriation of invested capital; the
significant loss of liquidity and the inability to purchase, sell and otherwise fund investments or settle
transactions (including, but not limited to, a market freeze); unavailability of currency hedging techniques ;
substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation, which can last many years and have
substantial negative effects on credit and securities markets as well as the economy as a whole; recessions;
and difficulties in obtaining and/or enforcing legal judgments. These conditions can adversely affect the
level and volatility of prices and liquidity of an account’s investments. Unexpected volatility or lack of
liquidity could impair an account’s profitability or result in losses.
The interconnectivity between global economies and markets increases the likelihood that events or
conditions in one region, sector, industry, market or with respect to one company will adversely impact
markets or issuers in other countries or regions. However, the interconnectedness of economies and/or
markets may be diminishing, which may impact such economies and markets in ways that cannot be
foreseen at this time. Some countries, including the United States, have adopted more protectionist trade
policies. Slowing global economic growth, the rise in protectionist trade policies, changes to some major
international trade agreements, risks associated with the trade agreement between the United Kingdom
and the European Union, and the risks associated with trade negotiations between the United States and
China, could affect the economies of many nations in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen at the
present time. In addition, the current strength of the U.S. dollar may decrease foreign demand for U.S.
assets, which could have a negative impact on certain issuers and/or industries. Tensions, war, or open
conflict between nations, such as between Russia and Ukraine, in the Middle East, or in eastern Asia could
affect the economies of many nations, including the United States. Although these types of events have
occurred and could also occur in the future, it is difficult to predict when similar events or conditions
affecting the U.S. or global financial markets and economies might occur, the effects of such events or
conditions, potential retaliations in response to sanctions or similar actions and the duration or ultimate
impact of those events. Any such events or conditions could have a significant adverse impact on the value
and risk profile of client portfolios and the liquidity of an account’s investments, even for clients witho ut
direct exposure to the specific geographies, markets, countries or persons involved in an armed conflict or
subject to sanctions.
Public Health Emergencies. Many countries have experienced outbreaks of infectious illnesses in recent
decades, including swine flu, avian influenza, SARS and the Coronavirus, and may experience similar
outbreaks in the future. For example, the Coronavirus outbreak has resulted in numerous deaths and the
imposition of both local and more widespread “work from home” and other quarantine measures, border
closures and other travel restrictions, causing social unrest and commercial disruption on a global scale and
significant volatility in financial markets.
In addition to the impact on companies and the value of investments, the operations of Parametric
(including those relating to a portfolio) could be impacted adversely by another outbreak of an infectious
disease, including through quarantine measures and travel restrictions imposed on Parametric or service
providers’ personnel located in affected countries, regions or local areas, or any related health issues of
Parametric - Form ADV Part 2A – 08/15/2025
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such personnel. Any of the foregoing events could materially and adversely affect Parametric’s ability to
source, manage and divest investments on behalf of a portfolio and pursue a portfolio’s investment
objectives and strategies.
Volatility Risk: The prices of securities, commodities contracts and all derivatives, including futures and
options, can be highly volatile. Accounts that trade in securities and/or derivatives are subject to the risk that
trading activity in such securities could be dramatically reduced or cease at any time, whether due to general
market turmoil, problems experienced by a single issuer or a market sector or other factors. If trading in
particular securities (or classes of securities), or derivatives are impaired, it might be difficult for an account
to properly value any of its assets represented by such securities.
Inadequate Return Risk: No assurance can be given that the returns will be commensurate with the risk of
a client’s investment. A client should not commit money to an account unless the client has the resources
to sustain the loss of its entire investment. Any losses are borne solely by clients and not by Parametric or
its affiliates.
Inside Information Risk: From time to time, Parametric and its affiliates may come into possession of
material, non-public information (MNPI) concerning an entity in which an account has invested or proposes
to invest. Possession of that information could limit Parametric’s ability to buy or sell securities of the entity
on a client’s behalf. For example, if Parametric comes into possession of information (i) that out of an
abundance of caution, Parametric can restrict on the basis of nonpublic information without first
determining that it is material, (ii) that certain types of MNPI might not become public, and could restrict
trading for extended periods of time, and (iii) that Parametric seeks to establish information barriers among
certain affiliates to mitigate this risk, but those barriers might not be effective.
Cyber Security-Related Risks: Parametric is susceptible to cybersecurity-related risks that include, among
other things, unauthorized access attacks; mishandling, loss, theft or misuse of information; computer
viruses or malware; cyberattacks designed to obtain confidential information, destroy data, disrupt or
degrade service, sabotage systems or networks, impede our ability to execute or confirm settlement of
transactions or cause other damage; ransomware; denial of service attacks; data breaches; social
engineering attacks; phishing attacks; and other events. A cyberattack, information or security breach or a
technology failure of Parametric or a third party could adversely affect Parametric’s ability to conduct
business or manage exposure to risk, or result in disclosure or misuse of personal, confidential or proprietary
information and otherwise adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition, as
well as cause reputational harm. In addition, cybersecurity risks can also impact issuers of securities in which
Parametric invests on behalf of clients, which could cause our clients’ investment in such issuers to lose
value.
Parametric is subject to cybersecurity legal, regulatory, and disclosure requirements enacted by U.S. federal
and state governments and other non-U.S. jurisdictions. These requirements impose mandatory privacy and
data protection obligations, including providing for individual rights, enhanced governance and
accountability requirements, and significant fines and litigation risk for noncompliance. Parametric has
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adopted measures designed to comply with these and related applicable requirements in all relevant
jurisdictions.
Parametric benefits from its affiliation with Morgan Stanley which has made and continues to make
substantial investments in cybersecurity and fraud prevention technology. As part of its enterprise risk
management framework, Morgan Stanley has implemented and maintains a program to assess, identify and
manage risks arising from the cybersecurity threats confronting the firm (Cybersecurity Program). The
Cybersecurity Program helps protect our clients, customers, employees, property, products, services and
reputation by seeking to preserve the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information, enable the
secure delivery of financial services, and protect the business and the safe operation of our technology
systems. Morgan Stanley continually adjusts the Cybersecurity Program to address the evolving
cybersecurity threat landscape and comply with extensive legal and regulatory expectations.
There can be no assurance that our business contingency and security response plans fully mitigate all
potential risks to us and that we or our service providers, if applicable, will not suffer losses relating to cyber-
attacks or other information security breaches in the future.
Artificial Intelligence Technology Risk: To the extent Parametric and/or its third-party vendors, clients or
counterparties use or rely on proprietary and/or third-party technology (including artificial intelligence
solutions), such uses are subject to operational risks associated with processing or human errors, systems
or technology failures, cyber-attacks, and errors caused by third-party service providers and data sources.
Additionally, the legal and regulatory environment relating to artificial intelligence is uncertain and evolving
and future changes, such as those related to information privacy and data protection, may have an impact
on the use of existing or emerging technologies, and may impact Parametric and/or its third-party vendors,
clients or counterparties. It is possible that future changes in applicable legal and regulatory requirements
could increase compliance costs. Any of these risks could adversely affect Parametric or a client’s account.
Artificial Intelligence Developments: Recent technological advances in artificial intelligence, including
machine learning technology (collectively, AI Technology), pose risks to Parametric and its client accounts.
While Parametric could utilize AI Technology in connection with their business activities, including
investment activities, Parametric and Morgan Stanley continue to evaluate and adjust internal policies
governing use of AI Technology by their personnel. Notwithstanding any such policies, personnel of
Parametric, other associated persons of Parametric or any of their affiliates could, unbeknownst to
Parametric, use AI Technology in contravention of such policies. Parametric and its client accounts could be
further exposed to the risks of AI Technology if third-party service providers or any counterparties, whether
or not known to Parametric, also use AI Technology in their business activities.
Use of AI Technology by any of the parties described above could include the input of confidentia l
information (including material non-public information)—either by third parties in contravention of non-
disclosure agreements, or by Parametric personnel or their affiliates in contravention of Parametric policies
- into AI Technology applications, resulting in such confidential information becoming part of a dataset that
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is accessible by other third-party AI Technology applications and users. For more information on risks
relating to information security see also “Cyber Security-Related Risks” above.
Certain data in AI Technology models could contain a degree of inaccuracy and error - potentially materially
so—and could otherwise be inadequate or flawed, which would be likely to degrade the effectiveness of AI
Technology. To the extent that Parametric and its client accounts are exposed to the risks of AI Technology
use, any such inaccuracies or errors could have adverse impacts on Parametric and its client accounts. AI
Technology and its applications, including in the investment and financial sectors, continue to develop
rapidly, and it is impossible to predict the future risks that may arise from such developments.
Business Continuity Risk: Parametric’s critical processes and businesses could be disrupted by events
including cyber-attacks, failure or loss of access to technology and/or associated data, military conflicts,
acts of terror, natural disasters, severe weather events and infectious disease. Parametric maintains a
resilience program designed to provide for operational resilience and enable it to respond to and recover
critical processes and supporting assets in the event of a disruption impacting Firm personnel, technology,
facilities and third parties. The key elements of the resilience program include business continuity and
technical recovery planning and testing both internally and with critical third parties to validate recovery
capability in accordance with business requirements. The resilience program is applied consistently firmwide
and is aligned with regulatory requirements. In the occurrence of a business continuity event at Parametric
or a vendor/service provider that does not adequately address all contingencies, client portfolios could be
negatively affected as there might be an inability to process transactions, calculate net asset values, value
client investments, or disruptions to trading in client accounts. A client’s ability to recover any losses or
expenses it incurs as a result of a disruption of business operations could be limited by the liability, standard
of care, and related provisions in its contractual agreements with Parametric and other service providers.
Data Source Risk: Parametric subscribes to a variety of third-party and affiliate data sources that are used
to evaluate, analyze and formulate investment decisions. If a third party provides inaccurate data, client
accounts could be negatively affected. While Parametric believes the third-party data sources are reliable,
there are no guarantees that data will be accurate, that errors will be detected, or that erroneous data will
be updated.
Legal and Regulatory Risks: U.S. and non-U.S. governmental agencies and other regulators regularly
implement additional regulations and legislators pass new laws that affect the investments held by
Parametric’s clients (such as the level of taxation applicable to a client or its portfolio) or the strategies used
by Parametric (such as regulations related to investments in derivatives and other transactions). These
regulations and laws impact the investment strategies, performance costs, operations or taxation of
Parametric and its clients. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions may
significantly change tax rules applicable to a client’s account, potentially impacting the character, timing,
and/or tax rates applicable to investments.
The regulation of the U.S. and non-U.S. securities and derivatives markets has undergone substantial change
over the past decade and such change could continue. In particular, in light of market turmoil there have
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been numerous proposals, including bills that have been introduced in the U.S. Congress, for substantial
revisions to the regulation of financial institutions generally. In addition, regulatory change in the past few
years has significantly altered the regulation of commodity interests and comprehensively regulated the
OTC derivatives markets for the first time in the United States. Further, the practice of short selling has been
the subject of numerous temporary restrictions, and similar restrictions could be promulgated at any time.
Such restrictions could adversely affect the returns of accounts that utilize short selling. The effect of such
regulatory change on the accounts, while impossible to predict, could be substantial and adverse.
The Volcker Rule. Section 13 of the Bank Holding Act (commonly referred to as the Volcker Rule), along with
regulations issued by the Federal Reserve Board, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, SEC, Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation, and Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) (the Implementing
Regulations) generally prohibit “banking entities” (which term includes bank holding companies and their
affiliates and subsidiaries) from investing in, sponsoring, or having certain types of relationships with, certain
private investment funds (referred to in the Implementing Regulations as “covered funds”).
The Volcker Rule and the Implementing Regulations impose a number of restrictions on Morgan Stanley
and its affiliates and subsidiaries that affects Parametric, a covered fund offered by Parametric, the general
partner of those funds, and the limited partners of such funds. For example, to sponsor and invest in certain
covered funds, Morgan Stanley must comply with the Implementing Regulations’ “asset management”
exemption to the Volcker Rule’s prohibition on sponsoring and investing in covered funds. Under this
exemption, the investments made by Morgan Stanley (aggregated with certain affiliates) and employee
investments in a covered fund must not exceed 3% of the covered fund’s outstanding ownership interests
and Morgan Stanley’s aggregate investment in covered funds must not exceed 3% of Morgan Stanley’s Tier
I capital. In addition, the Volcker Rule and the Implementing Regulations generally prohibit Morgan Stanley
and its affiliates from entering in certain other transactions (including “covered transactions” as defined in
Section 23A of the U.S. Federal Reserve Act, as amended) with or for the benefit of, covered funds that it
sponsors and/or advises. For example, Morgan Stanley cannot provide loans, hedging transactions with
extensions of credit or other credit support to covered funds it advises and/or sponsors. While Parametric
endeavors to minimize the impact on its covered funds and the assets held by them, Morgan Stanley’s
interests in determining what actions to take in complying with the Volcker Rule and the Implementing
Regulations could conflict with Parametric’s interests and the interests of the private funds, the general
partner and the limited partners of the private funds, all of which could be adversely affected by such
actions. The foregoing is not an exhaustive discussion of the potential risks the Volcker Rule poses for
Parametric.
Referendum on the UK’s Membership. The United Kingdom (UK) left the European Union (EU) on January 31,
2020 (commonly known as Brexit). Market uncertainty remains regarding Brexit’s ramifications, and the
range and potential implications of the possible political, regulatory, economic, and market outcomes in
the UK, EU and beyond are not yet fully known. If one or more additional countries leave the EU or the EU
dissolves, the world’s securities markets likely will be significantly disrupted.
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Low or high interest rates may magnify the risks associated with rising interest rates. During periods of low
rates, a client’s susceptibility to interest rate risk (i.e., the risks associated with changes in interest rates)
could be magnified, its yield and income could be diminished, and its performance could be adversely
affected (e.g., during periods of very low or negative interest rates, a client could be unable to maintain
positive returns). Changing interest rates, including rates that fall below zero, may have unpredictable
effects on markets, including market volatility and reduced liquidity, and may adversely affect a portfolio’s
yield, income and performance. In addition, government actions (such as changes to interest rates) could
have unintended economic and market consequences that adversely affect a client’s investments .
Investments in certain debt securities will be especially subject to the risk that, during certain periods, the
liquidity of particular issuers or industries, or all securities within a particular investment category, may
shrink or disappear suddenly and without warning as a result of adverse economic, market or political
events, or adverse investor perceptions, whether or not accurate. Government and other public debt can be
adversely affected by large and sudden changes in local and global economic conditions that result in
increased debt levels. Although high levels of government and other public debt do not necessarily indicate
or cause economic problems, high levels of debt may create certain systemic risks if sound debt
management practices are not implemented. A high debt level may increase market pressures to meet an
issuer’s funding needs, which may increase borrowing costs and cause a government or public or municipal
entity to issue additional debt, thereby increasing the risk of refinancing. A high debt level also raises
concerns that the issuer may be unable or unwilling to repay the principal or interest on its debt, which may
adversely impact instruments held by the clients that rely on such payments. Governmental and quasi-
governmental responses to certain economic or other conditions may lead to increasing government and
other public debt, particularly when such responses are unprecedented, which heighten these risks.
Unsustainable debt levels can lead to declines in the value of currency and can prevent a government from
implementing effective counter-cyclical
fiscal policy during economic downturns, can generate or
contribute to an economic downturn or cause other adverse economic or market developments, such as
increases in inflation or volatility. Increasing government and other public debt may adversely affect issuers,
obligors, guarantors or instruments across a variety of asset classes.
The SEC and other US regulators may adopt additional rules in the future that may have an impact on client
portfolios.
Risk Considerations Associated with Equity Securities–In General: In general, prices of equity securities
are more volatile than those of fixed income securities. U.S. and foreign stock markets, and equity securities
of individual issuers, have experienced periods of substantial price volatility in the past and it is possible
that they will do so again in the future. The prices of equity securities fluctuate, sometimes rapidly or widely,
in response to activities specific to the issuer of the security as well as factors unrelated to the fundamenta l
condition of the issuer, including general market, economic, political, and public health conditions. During
periods when equity securities experience heightened volatility, such as during periods of market, economic
or financial uncertainty or distress, investments in equity securities are subject to heightened risks. The value
of equity securities and related instruments can decline in response to perceived or actual adverse changes
in the economy, economic outlook or financial markets; deterioration in investor sentiment; interest rate,
currency, and commodity price fluctuations; adverse geopolitical, social or environmental developments;
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issuer and sector-specific considerations; unexpected trading activity among retail investors; and other
factors. Market conditions can affect certain types of equity securities to a greater extent than other types
of. If the stock market declines in value, the value of a client portfolio’s equity securities will also likely
decline. Although prices can rebound, there is no assurance that values will return to previous levels.
Risk Considerations Associated with Fixed Income Securities: In General. Fixed income securities are
subject to the risk of the issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payments on its obligations (i.e.,
credit risk) and are subject to price volatility resulting from, among other things, interest rate sensitivity (i.e.,
interest rate risk), market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and general market liquidity (i.e.,
market risk). A client could face a heightened level of interest rate risk in times of monetary policy change
and/or uncertainty, such as when the Federal Reserve Board adjusts its quantitative easing program and/or
changes rates. A changing interest rate environment increases certain risks, including the potential for
periods of volatility, increased redemptions, shortened durations (i.e., prepayment risk) and extended
durations (i.e., extension risk). Clients might or might not be limited as to the maturities (when a debt
security provides its final payment) or durations (measure of interest rate sensitivity) of the securities in
which they invest. Securities with longer durations are likely to be more sensitive to changes in interest
rates, generally making them more volatile than securities with shorter durations. Lower-rated fixed income
securities have greater volatility because there is less certainty that principal and interest payments will be
made as scheduled. In addition, an account might or might not invest in securities that are rated below
investment grade, commonly known as “junk bonds,” and have speculative risk characteristics. Changes in
economic conditions or other circumstances typically have a greater effect on the ability of issuers of lower
rated investments to make principal and interest payments than they do on issuers of higher rated
investments. An economic downturn generally leads to a higher non-payment rate, and a lower rated
investment can lose significant value before a default occurs. Lower rated investments typically are subject
to greater price volatility and illiquidity than higher rated investments. An account might be subject to
certain liquidity risks that can result from, among other things, the lack of an active market and the reduced
number and capacity of traditional market participants to make a market in fixed income securities.
Additional Risks:
Active Management Risk: The success of a client’s account that is actively managed depends upon the
investment skills and analytical abilities of the portfolio manager to develop and effectively implement
strategies that achieve the client’s investment objective. Subjective decisions made by the portfolio manager
might cause a client portfolio to incur losses or to miss profit opportunities on which it may have otherwise
capitalized.
Allocation and Position Limits Risk: A client account’s performance depends upon how its assets are
allocated and reallocated, and an investor could lose money as a result of these allocation decisions and
related constraints. Parametric might be subject, by applicable regulation or issuer limitations, to restrictions
on the percentage of an issuer which might be held. For the purposes of calculating positions, Parametric
might have to aggregate its positions with those of its affiliates. In such situations, Parametric might be
limited in its ability to purchase further securities for its clients, even if the applicable position limit is not
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exceeded by positions Parametric has purchased on behalf of its clients. In addition, the CFTC and the
exchanges on which commodity interests (futures, options on futures and swaps) are traded could impose
limitations governing the maximum number of positions on the same side of the market and involving the
same underlying instrument that might be held by a single investor or group of related investors, whether
acting alone or in concert with others (regardless of whether such contracts are held on the same or different
exchanges or held or written in one or more accounts or through one or more brokers). A portfolio manager
could trade for multiple accounts and the commodity interest positions of all such accounts will generally
be required to be aggregated for purposes of determining compliance with position limits, position
reporting and position “accountability” rules imposed by the CFTC or the various exchanges. Swaps
positions in physical commodity swaps that are “economically equivalent” to futures and options on futures
held by an account and similar accounts could also in the future be included in determining compliance
with federal position rules, and the exchanges might impose their own rules covering these and other types
of swaps. These trading and position limits, and any aggregation requirement, could materially limit the
commodity interest positions the portfolio manager could take for an account and might cause the portfolio
manager to close out an account’s positions earlier than it might otherwise choose to do so.
Benchmark Reference Rates Risk: Many debt securities, derivatives, and other financial instruments utilize
benchmark or reference rates for variable interest rate calculations, including the Euro Interbank Offer Rate,
Sterling Overnight Index Average Rate, and the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (each a Reference Rate).
Instruments in which an account invests could pay interest at floating rates based on such Reference Rates
or be subject to interest caps or floors based on such Reference Rates. The issuers of instruments in which
an account invests could also obtain financing at floating rates based on such Reference Rates. The
elimination of a Reference Rate or any other changes to or reforms of the determination or supervision of
Reference Rates could have an adverse impact on the market for, or value of, any instruments or payments
linked to those Reference Rates.
For example, some Reference Rates, as well as other types of rates and indices, are described as
“benchmarks” and have been the subject of ongoing national and international regulatory reform, including
under the European Union regulation on indices used as benchmarks in financial instruments and financial
contracts. As a result, the manner of administration of benchmarks has changed and may further change in
the future, with the result that relevant benchmarks may perform differently than in the past, the use of
benchmarks that are not compliant with the new standards by certain supervised entities could be restricted,
and certain benchmarks could be eliminated entirely. Such changes could cause increased market volatility
and disruptions in liquidity for instruments that rely on or are impacted by such benchmarks. Additionally,
there could be other consequences which cannot be predicted.
Borrowing Risk: Using borrowed money (whether through a margin account or any other method of
borrowing) to finance the purchase of securities involves greater risk than using cash resources only. This
practice is not suitable for all investors. The purchase of securities using borrowed money magnifies the
gain or loss on the cash invested. This effect is called leveraging. If a client borrows money to purchase
securities, the client is responsible for repaying the loan and paying interest as required even if the value of
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the securities purchased with borrowed money declines. In the case of a margin account, the client is also
required to satisfy any margin calls as required by the terms of the margin facility granted such client.
Call Risk: Fixed income securities will be subject to the risk that an issuer might exercise its right to redeem
a fixed income security earlier than expected (a call). Issuers might call outstanding securities prior to their
maturity for a number of reasons (e.g., declining interest rates, changes in credit spreads and improvements
in the issuer’s credit quality). If an issuer calls a security that a client holds, the client might not recoup the
full amount of its initial investment or might not realize the full anticipated earnings from the investment
and might be forced to reinvest in lower-yielding securities, securities with greater credit risks or securities
with other, less favorable features.
China Risk: Investments in securities of Chinese issuers, including A shares, involve risks associated with
investments in foreign markets as well as special considerations not typically associated with investments
in the U.S. securities markets. For example, the Chinese government has historically exercised substantial
control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through administrative regulation and/or state
ownership and actions of the Chinese central and local government authorities continue to have a
substantial effect on economic conditions in China. In addition, the Chinese government has taken actions
that influenced the prices at which certain goods may be sold, encouraged companies to invest or
concentrate in particular industries, induced mergers between companies in certain industries and induced
private companies to publicly offer their securities. Investments in China involve risk of a total loss due to
government action or inaction or other adverse circumstances. Additionally, the Chinese economy is export-
driven and highly reliant on trade. Adverse changes to the economic conditions, trading policies and
taxation of imports of its primary trading partners, such as the United States, Japan and South Korea, would
adversely impact the Chinese economy and a client’s investments. Moreover, a slowdown in other
significant economies of the world, such as the United States, the European Union and certain Asian
countries, may adversely affect economic growth or the value of investments in China. An economic
downturn in China would adversely impact a client’s investments. In addition, certain securities are, or may
in the future, become restricted, and/or sanctioned by the U.S. government or other governments and a
client may be forced to sell or unable to purchase or sell such restricted securities and incur a loss as a
result.
Recent developments in relations between the U.S., other trading partners and China have heightened
concerns of increased tariffs and restrictions on trade between the two countries. An increase in tariffs or
trade restrictions (and threats thereof) could lead to a significant reduction in international trade, which
could have a negative impact on China’s export industry, Chinese issuers, the liquidity or price of direct or
indirect investments in China.
These and other developments, including government actions, may result in significant illiquidity risk or
forced disposition for Chinese investments. The Chinese securities markets are emerging markets
characterized by a relatively small number of equity issues and relatively low trading volume, resulting in
decreased liquidity, greater price volatility (caused by, among other things, military, diplomatic, or trade
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conflicts), and potentially fewer investment opportunities. An account’s investments in Chinese securities
are also subject to additional risks associated with differing regulatory and audit requirements across the
Chinese and U.S. securities markets. Ongoing political tension between the People’s Republic of China and
the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may have impacts on the economy of Hong Kong, and these
impacts remain uncertain.
Commodities Risk: The value of commodities investments will generally be affected by overall market
movements and factors specific to a particular industry or commodity, such as weather, embargoes, tariffs,
health, political, international and regulatory developments. Economic and other events (whether real or
perceived) can reduce the demand for commodities, which might reduce market prices and cause the value
of a client portfolio to fall. The frequency and magnitude of such changes cannot be predicted. Exposure to
commodities and commodities markets could subject a client portfolio to greater volatility than investments
in traditional securities. No active trading market might exist for certain commodities investments, which
could impair the ability to sell or to realize the full value of such investments in the event of the need to
liquidate such investments. In addition, adverse market conditions could impair the liquidity of actively
traded commodities investments. Certain types of commodities instruments (such as total return swaps and
commodity-linked notes) are subject to the risk that the counterparty to the instrument will not perform or
will be unable to perform in accordance with the terms of the instrument.
Concentration Risk: A strategy that concentrates its investments in a particular sector of the market (such
as the utilities or financial services sectors) or a specific geographic area (such as a country or state) could
be impacted by events that adversely affect that sector or area, and the value of a portfolio using such a
strategy might fluctuate more than a less concentrated portfolio.
Corporate Debt Risk: Corporate debt securities are subject to the risk of the issuer’s inability to meet
principal and interest payments on the obligation and could also be subject to price volatility due to such
factors as interest rate sensitivity, market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and general
market liquidity. When interest rates rise, the value of corporate debt securities can be expected to decline.
Debt securities with longer maturities tend to be more sensitive to interest rate movements than those with
shorter maturities. Company defaults can impact the level of returns generated by corporate debt securities.
An unexpected default can reduce income and the capital value of a corporate debt security. Furthermore,
market expectations regarding economic conditions and the likely number of corporate defaults might
impact the value of corporate debt securities.
Counterparty Risk: A financial institution or other counterparty with whom a client does business (such as
trading or securities lending), or that underwrites, distributes or guarantees any investments or contracts
that an investor owns or is otherwise exposed to (e.g., bi-lateral swaps), could decline in financial condition
and become unable to honor its commitments. This could cause the value of a client’s portfolio to decline
or could delay the return or delivery of collateral or other assets to the client. Although there can be no
assurance that a client will be able to do so, the client might be able to reduce or eliminate its exposure
under a swap agreement either by assignment or other disposition, or by entering into an offsetting swap
agreement with the same party or another creditworthy party. The client might have limited ability to
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eliminate its exposure under a credit default swap if the credit of the referenced entity or underlying asset
has declined.
Credit Risk: Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer or guarantor of a security, or counterparty to
a transaction, will be unable or unwilling or perceived to be unable or unwilling to make interest payments
and/or repay the principal on its debt or otherwise honor its obligation, including the risk of default. In such
instances, an account’s value could decline, and an investor could lose money. If an issuer’s, guarantor’s or
counterparty’s financial condition worsens, the credit quality of the issuer, guarantor or counterparty may
deteriorate. Credit ratings may not be an accurate assessment of financial condition, liquidity or credit risk.
Although credit ratings may not accurately reflect the true credit risk of an instrument, a change in the credit
rating of an instrument or an issuer, guarantor or counterparty, or the market’s perception of the
creditworthiness of an instrument or issuer, guarantor or counterparty can have a rapid, adverse effect on
the
instrument’s value and liquidity and make it more difficult
for an account to sell at an
advantageous price or time.
Crypto Asset Risk. Crypto assets (also referred to as “cryptocurrencies,” “virtual currencies,” “coins,”
“tokens,” and “digital currencies”) are assets issued and/or transferred using distributed ledger technology.
Crypto assets constitute an emerging asset class with a limited history. From time to time, certain of
Parametric’s clients will obtain indirect exposure to crypto assets through options, funds, futures, and other
investment products. Options and futures may utilize the crypto asset as its underlying asset or may obtain
exposure indirectly, such as an option on a crypto assets ETF. The value of these products is often intended
to reflect the value of one or more crypto assets, and the risks of investing in these products are similar to
the risks of investing in crypto assets generally (discussed further below), as well as the risks specific to
investing in the applicable investment product (e.g., if an investment is made through a private fund, the
risks of investing in a private fund will apply).
Crypto assets facilitate decentralized, peer-to-peer financial exchange and value storage that is used like
money, without the oversight of a central authority or banks. The value of crypto assets is not backed by any
government, corporation, or other identified body. Like fiat currencies, cryptocurrencies are susceptible to
theft, loss and destruction.
The value of investments in crypto assets is subject to fluctuations in the value of the crypto assets, which
have been and could in the future be highly volatile. The value of crypto assets is determined by the supply
and demand for crypto assets in the global market for the trading of crypto assets, which consists primarily
of transactions on electronic exchanges. The price of a crypto asset could drop precipitously for a variety of
reasons, including, but not limited to, regulatory changes, a crisis of confidence, flaw or operational issue in
the crypto asset’s network or a change in user preference to competing crypto assets. A client’s exposure
to crypto assets could result in substantial losses to such client. Crypto assets trade on exchanges, which
are largely unregulated and, therefore, are more exposed to fraud, market manipulation, failure and other
risks than established, regulated exchanges for securities, derivatives and other currencies, and crypto assets
may not be widely accepted as a medium of exchange. In addition, these platforms (which may serve as a
pricing source for the valuation of crypto asset exposure) may be viewed as operating out of compliance
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with applicable laws and regulations and may be subject to enforcement action by authorities. There may
also be uncertainty on the application of laws and regulations to such platforms. Crypto asset platforms
have in the past, and could in the future, cease operating temporarily or even permanently, resulting in the
potential loss of users’ crypto assets or other market disruptions.
Crypto asset platforms may be subject to cybersecurity and anti-money laundering requirements (among
other requirements) but do not protect customers or their markets to the same extent, and in the same way,
that regulated securities exchanges or futures exchanges are required to do so. The prices of crypto assets
on trading platforms could be subject to larger and more frequent sudden increases and declines than
assets traded on traditional exchanges. In addition, crypto asset platforms are also particularly subject to
the risk of cybersecurity threats and have been breached and/or hacked, resulting in the theft and/or loss
of crypto assets. A cyber or other security breach or a business failure of a crypto asset platform or custodian
could affect the price of a particular crypto asset or crypto assets generally. Risk also exist with respect to
malicious actors or previously unknown vulnerabilities, which could adversely affect the value of crypto
assets.
Factors affecting the further development of crypto assets include, but are not limited to: continued
worldwide growth or possible cessation or reversal in the adoption and use of crypto assets and other
digital assets; government and quasi-government regulation or restrictions on or regulation of access to
and operation of digital asset networks; changes in consumer demographics and public preferences;
maintenance and development of open-source software protocol; availability and popularity of other forms
or methods of buying and selling goods and services; the use of the networks supporting digital assets,
such as those for developing smart contracts and distributed applications; general economic conditions and
the regulatory environment relating to digital assets; tax treatment of investments in crypto assets; negative
consumer or public perception; and general risks tied to the use of information technologies, including
cyber risks.
Currently, there is relatively limited use of crypto assets in the retail and commercial marketplace, which
contributes to price volatility. A lack of expansion by crypto assets into retail and commercial markets, or a
contraction of such use, could result in increased volatility or a reduction in the value of crypto assets, either
of which could adversely impact a client’s investment in crypto assets. In addition, to the extent market
participants develop a preference for one crypto asset over another, the value of the less preferred crypto
asset would likely be adversely affected. Crypto assets are a new technological innovation with a limited
history; they are highly speculative assets and future regulatory actions or policies could limit, perhaps to a
materially adverse extent, the value of a client’s indirect investment in crypto assets and the ability to
exchange a crypto asset or utilize it as a medium of exchange.
Indirect exposure to crypto assets in the form of options, futures, or other derivative instruments will subject
an investor to certain of the same or similar risks as a direct investment in crypto assets, including but not
limited to volatility, market manipulation, limited history, and an evolving regulatory environment, among
other considerations. Indirect exposure to crypto assets through derivatives would additionally subject an
investor to the same or similar applicable risks outlined in the Derivatives Risk section depending on the
type of derivative utilized to gain exposure.
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Currency Risk: In general, the value of investments in, or denominated in, foreign currencies increases when
the U.S. dollar is weak (i.e., is losing value relative to foreign currencies) or when foreign currencies are
strong (i.e., are gaining value relative to the U.S. dollar). When foreign currencies are weak, or the U.S. dollar
is strong, such investments generally will decrease in value. The value of foreign currencies as measured in
U.S. dollars might be unpredictably affected by changes in foreign currency rates and exchange control
regulations, application of foreign tax laws (including withholding tax), governmental administration of
economic or monetary policies (in the U.S. or abroad), intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or
foreign governments or central banks, and relations between nations. A devaluation of a currency by a
country’s government or banking authority will have a significant impact on the value of any investments
denominated in that currency. Currency markets generally are not as regulated as securities markets and
currency transactions are subject to settlement, custodial and other operational risks. Exposure to foreign
currencies through derivative instruments will also be subject to the Derivatives Risk described below.
Derivatives Risk: Certain accounts can use derivative instruments for a variety of purposes, including
hedging, risk management, portfolio management or to earn income. A derivative is a financial instrument
whose value is based, in part, on the value of an underlying asset, interest rate, index or financial instrument
(reference instrument or underlying asset). In this context, derivatives include but are not limited to futures,
forwards, options, participatory notes, warrants, swaps and other similar instruments that are normally
valued based upon another or related asset. The use of derivatives can lead to losses because of adverse
movements in the price or value of the reference instrument, failure of the counterparty or tax or regulatory
constraints. Prevailing interest rates and volatility levels, among other things, also affect the value of
derivative instruments. A derivative instrument often has risks similar to its underlying asset and can have
additional risks, including imperfect correlation between the value of the derivative and the underlying
asset, risks of default by the counterparty to certain transactions, magnification of losses incurred due to
changes in the market value of the securities, instruments, indices or interest rates to which the derivative
instrument relates, risks that the transactions might not be liquid or that trading the specific instrument
may be subject to restriction and risks arising from margin and other capital commitment necessary to
maintain a position. The use of derivatives involves risks that are different from, and possibly greater than,
the risks associated with other portfolio investments. Derivatives can involve the use of highly specialized
instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with other
portfolio investments.
Certain derivative transactions give rise to a form of leverage, which magnifies the portfolio’s exposure to
the underlying asset. Leverage associated with derivative transactions could cause an account to liquidate
portfolio positions when it might not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations or to meet
earmarking or segregation requirements, including with respect to certain funds to comply with applicable
SEC rules and regulations, or could cause an account’s value to be more volatile than might have been the
case absent such leverage. Derivatives risk could be more significant when derivatives are used to enhance
return or as a substitute for a position or security, rather than solely to hedge the risk of a position or
security held by a client portfolio. Derivatives for hedging purposes might not reduce risk if they are not
sufficiently correlated to the position being hedged. A decision as to whether, when and how to use
derivatives involves the exercise of specialized skill and judgment, and a transaction could be unsuccessful
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in whole or in part because of market behavior or unexpected events. Derivative instruments can be difficult
to value, can be illiquid, and can be subject to wide swings in valuation caused by changes in the value of
the underlying instrument. If a derivative counterparty is unable to honor its commitments, the value of a
client portfolio could decline and/or the portfolio could experience delays in the return of collateral or other
assets held by the counterparty. The loss on derivative transactions can substantially exceed the initial
investment. Certain strategies use derivatives extensively. Derivative investments also involve the risks
relating to the reference instrument. Although certain strategies seek to use derivatives to further a client’s
investment objectives, there is no assurance that the use of derivatives will achieve this result.
•
Futures. A futures contract is a standardized, exchange-traded agreement to buy or sell a specific
quantity of an underlying asset, reference rate or index at a specific price at a specific future time.
While the value of a futures contract tends to increase or decrease in tandem with the value of the
underlying instrument, differences between the futures market and the market for the underlying
asset can result in an imperfect correlation. Depending on the terms of the particular contract,
futures contracts are settled through either physical delivery of the underlying instrument on the
settlement date or by payment of a cash settlement amount on the settlement date. A decision as
to whether, when and how to use futures contracts involves the exercise of skill and judgment and
even a well-conceived futures transaction could be unsuccessful because of market behavior or
unexpected events. In addition to the derivatives risks discussed above, the prices of futures
contracts can be highly volatile, using futures contracts can lower total return, and the potential
loss from futures contracts can exceed an account’s initial investment in such contracts. No
assurance can be given that a liquid market will exist for any particular futures contract at any
particular time. There is also the risk of loss by an account of margin deposits in the event of
bankruptcy of a broker with which an account has open positions in the futures contract.
• Options. Certain client portfolios employ an options strategy. If an account buys an option, it buys
a legal contract giving it the right to buy or sell a specific amount of the underlying instrument,
foreign currency or contract, such as a swap agreement or futures contract, on the underlying
instrument or foreign currency at an agreed-upon price typically in exchange for a premium paid
by the account. If an account sells an option, it sells to another party the right to buy from or sell
to an account a specific amount of the underlying instrument, swap, foreign currency, or futures
contract on the underlying instrument or foreign currency at an agreed-upon price during a period
of time or on a specific date typically in exchange for a premium received by a client. The use of
options by accounts can entail additional risks. When options are purchased OTC, the buyer bears
the risk that the counterparty that wrote the option will be unable or unwilling to perform its
obligations under the option contract. Options can also be illiquid, and a holder could have difficulty
closing out its position. A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise
of skill and judgment and even a well-conceived option transaction could be unsuccessful because
of market behavior or unexpected events. The prices of options can be highly volatile, and the use
of options can lower total returns.
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Certain options strategies seek to take advantage of a general excess of option price-implied
volatilities for a specified stock or index over the stock or index’s subsequent realized volatility. This
market observation is often attributed to the unknown risk to which an option seller is exposed in
comparison to the fixed risk to which an option buyer is exposed. There can be no assurance that
this imbalance will apply in the future over specific periods or generally. It is possible that the
imbalance could decrease or be eliminated by actions of investors that employ strategies seeking
to take advantage of the imbalance, which would have an adverse effect on the client portfolio’s
ability to achieve its investment objective. Further, directional movements of the underlying index
or stock can overwhelm the volatility differential for any given option resulting in a loss, regardless
of the volatility relationship during that specific option’s term. Call spread and put spread selling
strategies employed by certain strategies are based on a specified index or on exchange-traded
funds that replicate the performance of certain indexes. If the index or an ETF appreciates or
depreciates sufficiently over the period to offset the net premium received, the client portfolio will
incur a net loss. The amount of potential loss in the event of a sharp market movement is subject
to a cap defined by the difference in strike prices between written and purchased call and put
options. The value of the specified exchange-traded fund is subject to change as the values of the
component securities fluctuate. Also, it might not exactly match the performance of the specified
index.
Investments in foreign currency options can substantially change an account’s exposure to currency
exchange rates and could result in losses if currencies do not perform as expected. There is a risk
that such transactions could reduce or preclude the opportunity for gain if the value of the currency
should move in the direction opposite to the position taken. The value of a foreign currency option
is dependent upon the value of the underlying foreign currency relative to the U.S. dollar or other
applicable foreign currency. The price of the option could vary with changes in the value of either
or both currencies and has no relationship to the investment merits of a foreign security. Options
on foreign currencies are affected by all of those factors that influence foreign exchange rates and
foreign investment generally. Unanticipated changes in currency prices can result in losses to a
client and poorer overall performance for the client than if it had not entered into such contracts.
Options on foreign currencies are traded primarily in the OTC market but can also be traded on
U.S. and foreign exchanges.
Foreign currency options and futures contracts can be used for hedging or exposure purposes.
Investing in currency contracts or physical foreign currencies for the purpose of hedging currency
risks applicable to an account, may further increase the account’s exposure to foreign securities
losses. There is no assurance that Parametric’s use of currency derivatives will benefit the related
accounts or that they will be, or can be, used at appropriate times.
•
Swaps. A client could enter into OTC swap contracts or cleared swap transactions. An OTC swap
contract is an agreement between two parties pursuant to which the parties exchange payments at
specified dates on the basis of a specified notional amount, with the payments calculated by
reference to specified securities, indices, reference rates, currencies or other instruments. Typically
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swap agreements provide that when the period payment dates for both parties are the same, the
payments are made on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out, with only the net
amount paid by one party to the other). A party’s obligations or rights under a swap contract
entered into on a net basis will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received
under the agreement, based on the relative values of the positions held by each party. Cleared swap
transactions can help reduce counterparty credit risk. In a cleared swap, the ultimate counterparty
is a clearinghouse rather than a swap dealer, bank or other financial institution. OTC swap
agreements are not entered into or traded on exchanges and often there is no central clearing or
guaranty function for swaps. These OTC swaps are often subject to credit risk or the risk of default
or non-performance by the counterparty. Certain swaps have begun trading on exchanges called
swap execution facilities. Exchange trading is expected to increase liquidity of swaps trading. Both
OTC and cleared swaps could result in losses if interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates or
other factors are not correctly anticipated or if the reference index, security or investments do not
perform as expected. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and related
regulatory developments require the clearing and exchange trading of certain standardized swap
transactions. Mandatory exchange-trading and clearing is occurring on a phased-in basis.
The client’s use of swaps could include those based on the credit of an underlying security,
commonly referred to as “credit default swaps.” Where a client is the buyer of a credit default swap
contract, it would typically be entitled to receive the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a
referenced debt obligation from the counterparty to the contract only in the event of a default or
similar event by a third-party on the debt obligation. If no default occurs, the client would have
paid to the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract and received
no benefit from the contract. When a client is the seller of a credit default swap contract, it typically
receives the stream of payments but is obligated to pay an amount equal to the par (or other
agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation upon the default or similar event of the issuer
of the referenced debt obligation.
Dividend Strategy Risk: Clients invested in strategies designed to invest in dividend paying securities will
be subject to certain risks. These include issuers which have historically paid dividends reducing or ceasing
to pay dividends in the future, which could additionally negatively impact the price of the security. In times
of economic stress, large amounts of issuers could reduce or eliminate dividends, impacting the ability of
Parametric to execute its desired strategy.
Duration Risk: Duration measures the expected life of a fixed-income security, which can determine its
sensitivity to changes in the general level of interest rates. Securities with longer durations tend to be more
sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with shorter durations. A portfolio with a longer dollar-
weighted average duration can be expected to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than a portfolio
with a shorter dollar-weighted average duration. Duration differs from maturity in that it considers a
security’s coupon payments in addition to the amount of time until the security matures. As the value of a
security changes over time, so will its duration.
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General ESG Risk: Strategies that seek to integrate financially material ESG factors might lose value or
otherwise underperform for a variety of reasons. ESG considerations tend to prioritize the longer-term
prospects of issuers, which are not necessarily predictive of short-term fluctuations in security prices or
overall market dynamics in the shorter term. Integration of ESG factors into the investment process can
cause an investment strategy to underweight or exclude certain sectors, industries or geographies relative
to benchmarks or competitors, which can result in underperformance during periods when those sectors,
industries or geographies are being more broadly favored by the overall market. Assessment of ESG factors
is subjective by nature, and there is no assurance that an investment team will correctly or consistently
identify the financially material ESG attributes of individual investments. Furthermore, Parametric is
dependent on the quality, accuracy and completeness of ESG-related information and data obtained
through voluntary reporting by issuers, as well as on analysis and “scores” provided by third parties,
including from Parametric’s affiliates, in seeking to incorporate financially material ESG factors into the
selection process for investments. The risk associated with this dependency is especially pronounced for
markets, geographies and asset classes where the quality and extent of available information and reporting
are lower. All of the risks described above are present both where Parametric integrates ESG factors into its
research process for individual security selection and where it applies formal exclusionary screens as part of
its investment process.
ESG Focused Strategy Risks: Parametric may manage certain accounts and strategies for which, in addition
to incorporating financially material ESG factors into the investment process, the strategies adopt an explicit
emphasis on ESG and/or sustainability attributes of the portfolio. This type of strategy tends to augment
the risks associated with integrated ESG investing and can expose client accounts to additional risks over
and above the ESG Factor Risk described above. In certain situations, environmental and social factors might
outweigh financial considerations. For these strategies, the strategies will make an investment based on to
ESG considerations, such as where the investment has the potential to have a greater environmental and/or
social impact, and not necessarily based on other fundamental considerations regarding the issuer. In
addition, the strategies might reject an opportunity to increase the financial return of an existing investment
in order to preserve the environmental and/or social impact of such investment. Further, the strategies
might refrain from disposing of an underperforming investment for a period of time in order to minimize
the negative environmental and/or social impact of such disposition. As a result of the foregoing, these
portfolios or accounts are subject to the risk that they achieve lower returns than if the strategy did not
adopt an explicit focus on ESG and/or sustainability considerations, including the environmental and/or
social impact of investments and investment-related decisions. Clients should also be aware that their
perception of the ESG attributes, or the social and environmental impact, of their investment portfolio could
differ from Parametric, its affiliates’, or a third party’s assessment of how that portfolio adheres to
responsible investing principles.
ETF Risk: Shares of ETFs have many of the same risks as direct investments in common stocks or bonds and
their market value is expected to rise and fall as the value of the underlying securities or index rises and falls.
As a shareholder in an ETF, a portfolio would bear its ratable share of that entity’s expenses while continuing
to pay its own investment management fees and other expenses. As a result, the account or the fund and
its shareholders will, in effect, be absorbing duplicate levels of fees. There can be a lack of liquidity in certain
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ETFs which can lead to a large difference between the bid-ask prices (increasing the costs of buying or
selling the ETF). A lack of liquidity also could cause an ETF to trade at a large premium or discount to its net
asset value. Additionally, an ETF might suspend issuing new shares, which could result in an adverse
difference between the ETF’s publicly available share price and the actual value of its underlying investment
holdings. At times when underlying holdings are traded less frequently, or not at all, an ETF’s returns also
could diverge from the benchmark it is designed to track. In addition, certain ETFs in which an account could
invest are leveraged. While leveraged ETFs can offer the potential for greater return, the potential for loss
and the speed at which losses can be realized also are greater. Leveraged ETFs can deviate substantially
from the performance of their underlying benchmark over longer periods of time, particularly in volatile
periods.
ETN Risk: An exchange-traded note (ETN) is a debt obligation, and its payments of interest or principal are
linked to the performance of a referenced investment (typically an index). ETNs are subject to the
performance of their issuer and might lose all or a portion of their entire value if the issuer fails or its credit
rating changes. An ETN that is tied to a specific index might not be able to replicate and maintain exactly
the composition and weighting of the components of that index. ETNs also incur certain expenses not
incurred by the referenced investment and the cost of owning an ETN might exceed the cost of investing
directly in the referenced investment. The market trading price of an ETN might be more volatile than the
referenced investment it is designed to track. ETNs might be purchased at prices that exceed net asset value
and could be sold at prices below such value. A client account might not be able to liquidate ETN holdings
at the time and price desired, which could impact performance.
Foreign, Emerging and Frontier Markets Risk: Investments in foreign markets entail special risks such as
currency, political (including geopolitical), economic and market risks, and heightened risks, that may result
in losses to an account. There also could be greater market volatility, less reliable financial information, less
stringent investor protections and disclosure standards, higher transaction and custody costs, decreased
market liquidity and less government and exchange regulation associated with investments in foreign
markets. In addition, investments in certain foreign markets that have historically been considered stable
could become more volatile and subject to increased risk due to developments and changing conditions in
such markets. Moreover, the interconnectivity of global economies and financial markets has increased the
probability that adverse developments and conditions in one country or region will affect the stability of
economies and financial markets in other countries or regions. Certain foreign markets rely heavily on
particular industries or foreign capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments (including
regional and global, military or other conflicts), the imposition of economic sanctions against a particular
country or countries, organizations, companies, entities and/or individuals, changes in international trading
patterns, trade barriers (including tariffs) and other protectionist or retaliatory measures.
Investments in foreign markets could also be adversely affected by governmental interventions or other
actions such as the imposition of capital controls, tariffs, sanctions, nationalization of companies or
industries, expropriation of assets, the imposition of punitive taxes or threatened or active armed conflict.
The governments of certain countries could prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on foreign
investment in their capital markets or in certain sectors or industries.
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Also, as a result of economic sanctions, Parametric could be forced to sell or otherwise dispose of investments
at inopportune times or prices, which could result in losses to clients and increased transaction costs. In
addition, a foreign government could limit or cause delay in the convertibility or repatriation of its currency
which would adversely affect the U.S. dollar value and/or liquidity of investments denominated in that
currency. Certain foreign investments might become less liquid and decline in value in response to market
developments or adverse investor perceptions or become illiquid after purchase by an investor, particularly
during periods of market, economic, political and social turmoil. When an investor holds illiquid investments ,
its portfolio could be harder to value.
The risks of investing in emerging market countries are greater than risks associated with investments in
foreign developed countries. Emerging market or developing countries may be more likely to experience
political turmoil or rapid changes in economic conditions than more developed countries, and the financial
condition of issuers in emerging market or developing countries may be more precarious than in other
countries. Certain emerging market countries are subject to less stringent requirements regarding
accounting, auditing, financial reporting and record keeping and therefore, material information related to
an investment might not be available or reliable. Such emerging market countries could also subject an
account to greater risk associated with the custody of its securities than developed markets, which may
adversely affect an investment. In addition, investments in emerging market or developing countries may
be subject to expropriation, nationalization and confiscation of assets and property. An account is limited
in its ability to exercise its legal rights or enforce a counterparty’s legal obligations in certain jurisdictions
outside of the United States, in particular, in emerging markets countries. In addition, investments in foreign
issuers could be denominated in foreign currencies and therefore, to the extent unhedged, the value of
those investments will fluctuate with U.S. dollar exchange rates. To the extent hedged by the use of foreign
currency forward exchange contracts, the precise matching of the foreign currency forward exchange
contract amounts, and the value of the securities involved will not generally be possible because the future
value of such securities in foreign currencies will change as a consequence of market movements in the
value of those securities between the date on which the contract is entered into and the date it matures.
There is additional risk that such transactions could reduce or preclude the opportunity for gain if the value
of the currency should move in the direction opposite to the position taken and that foreign currency
forward exchange contracts create exposure to currencies in which an account’s securities are not
denominated. The use of foreign currency forward exchange contracts involves the risk of loss from the
insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty to the contract or the failure of the counterparty to make
payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the contract. As discussed above, economic sanctions
could be, and have been, imposed against certain countries, organizations, companies, entities and/or
individuals. Economic sanctions and other similar governmental actions could, among other things,
effectively restrict or eliminate an account’s ability to purchase or sell securities or groups of securities, and
thus could make an account’s investments in such securities less liquid or more difficult to value. Settlement
and clearance procedures in certain foreign markets differ significantly from those in the United States.
Pursuant to regulatory changes effective in May 2024, many U.S., Canadian, and Mexican securities
transitioned to a “T+1” (trade date plus one day) settlement cycle, while securities trading in most other
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markets typically have longer settlement cycles. As a result, there can be potential operational, settlement
and other risks associated with differences in settlement cycles between markets.
Economic sanctions or other similar measures could be, and have been, imposed against certain countries,
organizations, companies, entities and/or individuals. Investments in foreign securities are subject to
economic sanctions and trade laws in the United States and other jurisdictions. These laws and related
governmental actions, including countersanctions and other retaliatory measures, can, from time to time,
prevent or prohibit an investor from investing in certain foreign securities. In addition, economic sanctions
could prohibit an investor from transacting with particular countries, organizations, companies, entities
and/or individuals by banning them from global payment systems that facilitate cross-border payments,
restricting their ability to settle securities transactions, and freezing their assets. The imposition of sanctions
and other similar measures could, among other things, cause a decline in the value of securities issued by
the sanctioned country or companies located in or economically linked to the sanctioned country,
downgrades in the credit ratings of the sanctioned country or companies located in or economically linked
to the sanctioned country, devaluation of the sanctioned country’s currency, and increased market volatility
and disruption in the sanctioned country and throughout the world. Economic sanctions or other similar
measures could, among other things, effectively restrict or eliminate an investor’s ability to purchase or sell
securities, negatively impact the value or liquidity of a portfolio of investments, significantly delay or prevent
the settlement of securities transactions, force an investor to sell or otherwise dispose of investments at
inopportune times or prices, or impair Parametric’s ability to meet a client’s investment objective or invest
in accordance with a client’s investment strategy. These conditions could be in place for a substantial period
of time and enacted with limited advanced notice.
Hedge Correlation Risk: Certain strategies seek to maintain substantially offsetting exposures and follow
a generally market-neutral approach. Hedging instruments utilized for these strategies might not maintain
the intended correlation to the investment being hedged or might otherwise fail to achieve their intended
purpose. Failure of the hedge instruments to track a client portfolio’s investments could result in the client
portfolio having substantial residual exposure to market risk.
Hedging Strategy Risks: Certain client accounts, portfolios, and pooled investment vehicles engage in
transactions designed to reduce the risk or to protect the value of their investments, including securities and
currency hedging transactions. These hedging strategies could involve a variety of derivative transactions,
including transactions in forward, swap and option contracts or other financial instruments with similar
characteristics, including, without
limitation, forward foreign currency exchange contracts, currency and
interest rate swaps, options and short sales (collectively Hedging Instruments). Certain risks associated with
Hedging Instruments are further detailed under “Derivative Risks.” Hedging against a decline in the value
of a portfolio position does not eliminate fluctuations in the values of portfolio positions or prevent losses if
the values of those positions decline, but establishes other positions designed to gain from those same
developments, thus offsetting the decline in the portfolio positions’ value. While these transactions can
reduce the risks associated with an investment, the transactions themselves entail risks that are different
from and possibly greater than, the risks associated with other portfolio investments. The use of Hedging
Instruments could require investment techniques and risks analyses different from those associated with
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other portfolio investments. The risks posed by these transactions include, but are not limited to, interest
rate risk, market risk, the risk that these complex instruments and techniques will not be successfully
evaluated, monitored or priced, the risk that counterparties will default on their obligations, liquidity risk and
leverage risk. Changes in liquidity can result in significant, rapid and unpredictable changes in the prices for
derivatives. Thus, while the accounts might benefit from the use of Hedging Instruments, unanticipated
changes in interest rates, securities prices or currency exchange rates could result in a poorer overall
performance for the accounts than if they had not used such Hedging Instruments.
Income Risk: A portfolio’s ability to generate income will depend on the yield available on the securities
held by the portfolio. In the case of equity securities, changes in the dividend policies of companies held by
a client portfolio could make it difficult for the portfolio to generate a predictable level of income. The use
of dividend-capture strategies to generate income will generally expose a client portfolio to higher portfolio
turnover, increased trading costs and the potential for capital loss or gain, particularly in the event of
significant short-term price movements of stocks subject to dividend capture trading. Fixed income asset
classes may provide lesser income in the event interest rates decline.
Inflation-Linked Security Risk: Inflation-linked debt securities are subject to the effects of changes in
market interest rates caused by factors other than inflation (real interest rates). In general, the price of an
inflation-linked security tends to decrease when real interest rates increase and can increase when real
interest rates decrease. Interest payments on inflation-linked securities might vary widely and will fluctuate
as the principal and interest are adjusted for inflation. Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-
linked debt security will be taxable ordinary income, even though the portfolio will not receive the principal
until maturity. There can be no assurance that the inflation index used will accurately measure the real rate
of inflation in the prices of goods and services. A portfolio’s investments in inflation-linked securities could
lose value in the event that the actual rate of inflation is different than the rate of the inflation index.
Interest Rate Risk: Interest rate risk refers to the decline in the value of a fixed income security resulting
from changes in the general level of interest rates. A wide variety of market and economic factors can cause
interest rates to rise or fall, including central bank monetary policy, rising inflation, disinflation or deflation,
and changes in general economic conditions. When the general level of interest rates goes up, the prices
of most fixed income securities go down. When the general level of interest rates goes down, the prices of
most fixed-income securities go up but the yield or income from new issuances of fixed income securities
generally decreases. Securities with longer durations will generally be more sensitive to changes in interest
rates than securities with shorter durations. Fluctuations in interest rates may also affect the liquidity of and
income generated by fixed income instruments. Certain accounts invest in variable and floating rate loans
and other variable and floating rate securities. Although these instruments are generally less sensitive to
interest rate changes than fixed rate instruments, the value of variable and floating rate loans and other
securities may decline if their interest rates do not rise as quickly, or as much, as general interest rates. An
account could face a heightened level of interest rate risk in times of monetary policy change and/or
uncertainty, such as when the Federal Reserve Board adjusts a quantitative easing program and/or changes
rates. Changing interest rates can have unpredictable effects on the markets and can detract from
investment performance. A changing interest rate environment increases certain risks, including the
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potential for periods of market volatility, increased redemptions, shortened durations (i.e., prepayment risk)
and extended durations (i.e., extension risk).
Monetary policies, and market interest rates, are subject to change at any time and potentially frequently
based on a variety of market and economic conditions. It is difficult to accurately predict the pace at which
the Federal Reserve Board will change interest rates, or the timing, frequency, or magnitude of such changes.
Leverage Risk: Certain accounts can enter into various derivatives (such as options, futures and swaps) that
have implicit or internal leverage in that the notional value of the derivative instrument is much larger than
the cash needed to establish and maintain the derivative instrument. In general, the use of leverage to
purchase assets like derivatives and equities can cause the value of a client portfolio to be more volatile
than if it had not been leveraged, as certain types of leverage exaggerate the effect of any increase or
decrease in the value of securities in a client portfolio. The use of leverage will in this way magnify the
volatility of changes in the value of an investment, especially in times of a “credit crunch” or during general
market turmoil. An account might be required to segregate liquid assets or otherwise cover the obligation
created by a transaction that gives rise to leverage. To satisfy the account’s obligations or to meet
segregation requirements, an account could be forced to liquidate portfolio positions when it is not
advantageous to do so. Leverage can lead to additional costs to clients, including interest and fees. Losses
on leveraged transactions can substantially exceed the initial investment.
Liquidity Risk: A client portfolio is exposed to liquidity risk when trading volume, lack of a market maker
or trading partner, large position size, market conditions, or legal restrictions impair its ability to sell
particular investments or to sell them at advantageous market prices. Consequently, the client portfolio
might have to accept a lower price to sell an investment or continue to hold it or keep the position open,
sell other investments to raise cash or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a
negative effect on the portfolio’s performance. These effects could be exacerbated during times of financial
market or political stress.
Long/Short Risk: In a long/short strategy, both the long and short components of the strategy may
underperform the strategy’s benchmark. In addition, a decision as to whether, when and how to exit a
long/short strategy involves the exercise of skill and judgement and even a well-conceived and well-
executed de-levering plan may be adversely affected by market behavior and unexpected events, and there
are no guarantees the expected results will be achieved. Exiting a long/short strategy and closing short
positions in a tax-efficient manner is expected to take substantially longer than liquidating a traditional
long-only strategy, and an accelerated liquidation of an account investing in the long/short strategy may
generate negative tax consequences.
Lower Rated Investments Risk: Investments rated below investment grade and comparable unrated
investments (sometimes referred to as “junk”) have speculative characteristics because of the credit risk
associated with their issuers. Changes in economic conditions or other circumstances typically have a
greater effect on the ability of issuers of lower rated investments to make principal and interest payments
than they do on issuers of higher rated investments. An economic downturn generally leads to a higher
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non-payment rate, and a lower rated investment could lose significant value before a default occurs. Lower
rated investments typically are subject to greater price volatility and illiquidity than higher rated
investments.
Maturity Risk: Interest rate risk will generally affect the price of a fixed income security more if the security
has a longer maturity. Fixed income securities with longer maturities will therefore be more volatile than
other fixed income securities with shorter maturities. Conversely, fixed income securities with shorter
maturities will be less volatile but generally provide lower returns than fixed income securities with longer
maturities. The average maturity of a client portfolio’s investments will affect the volatility of the portfolio’s
rate of return.
Model and Quantitative Risks: Parametric uses proprietary and third-party quantitative models and tools
to assist portfolio managers and analysts in making investment decisions. There could be deficiencies in the
design or operation of these models, including as a result of shortcomings or failures of processes, people
or systems. Investments selected using models could perform differently than expected as a result of the
factors used in the models, the weight placed on each factor, changes from the factors’ historical trends,
and technical issues in the construction and implementation of the models (including, for example, data
problems and/or software issues). Moreover, the effectiveness of a model can diminish over time, including
as a result of changes in the market and/or changes in the behavior of other market participants. A model’s
return mapping is based on historical data regarding particular asset classes. Certain strategies can be
dynamic and unpredictable, and a model used to estimate asset allocation might not yield an accurate
estimate of the then current allocation. Operation of a model could result in negative performance,
including returns that deviate materially from historical performance, both actual and pro-forma.
Additionally, commonality of holdings across quantitative money managers can amplify losses. There is no
guarantee that the use of these models will result in effective investment decisions for clients. In the case of
third-party models, such techniques have not been independently tested or validated, and there can be no
assurance that these techniques will achieve the desired results. If these models or tools have errors or are
flawed or incomplete and such issues are not identified, it could have an adverse effect on client investment
performance.
Model Portfolio Risks: The performance of a client portfolio invested in a strategy which utilizes actively
managed model portfolio(s) provided by a Research Provider will generally depend on the performance of
such model portfolio(s). Research Providers make active decisions on the securities included in the model
portfolio(s) and these decisions will affect the performance of a client’s portfolio in such a strategy, as
described in Active Management Risk above. In addition, to the extent Parametric deviates from the model
portfolio(s) in a client account, performance of a client’s account can differ relative to the model.
Municipal Securities Risks: The income of municipal securities is generally exempt from federal income
tax at the time of issuance; however, a client could purchase municipal securities that pay interest that is
subject to the federal alternative minimum tax, and municipal securities on which the interest payments are
taxable. These securities typically are “general obligation” or “revenue” bonds, notes or commercial paper
including participation in lease obligations and installment purchase contracts of municipalities. General
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obligation bonds are secured by the issuer’s full faith and credit as well as its taxing power for payment of
principal or interest. Thus, these bonds might be vulnerable to limits on a government’s power or ability to
raise revenue or increase taxes and its ability to maintain a fiscally sound budget. The timely payments could
also be influenced by any unfunded pension liabilities or other post-employee benefit plan liabilities. These
bonds could also depend on legislative appropriation and/or funding or other support from other
governmental bodies in order to make payments. Revenue bonds, however, are generally payable from a
specific revenue source, and therefore involve the risk that the tax or other revenues so derived will not be
sufficient to meet interest and or principal payment obligations. These obligations could have fixed, variable
or floating rates. As a result, these bonds historically have been subject to a greater risk of default than
general obligation bonds because investors can look only to the revenue generated by the project or other
revenue source backing the project, rather than to the general taxing authority of the state or local
government issuer of the obligations. Municipal securities involve the risk that an issuer calls securities for
redemption, which could force the account to reinvest the proceeds at a lower rate of interest. The amount
of public information available about municipal bonds is generally less than for corporate equities or bonds,
meaning that the investment performance of municipal bonds could depend more on the analytical abilities
of the investment adviser than stock or corporate bond investments. The secondary market for municipal
bonds also tends to be less well-developed and less liquid than many other securities markets, which can
limit a client portfolio’s ability to sell its municipal bonds at attractive prices. The differences between the
price at which a bond can be purchased and the price at which it can be sold could widen during periods
of market distress. Less liquid bonds can become more difficult to value and be subject to erratic price
movements. The increased presence of nontraditional participants (such as proprietary trading desks of
investment banks and hedge funds) or the absence of traditional participants (such as individuals, insurance
companies, banks and life insurance companies) in the municipal markets could lead to greater volatility in
the markets because non-traditional participants could trade more frequently or in greater volume.
Operational Risk: The implementation and management of client accounts are subject to operational risks
arising from various factors, including but not limited to, processing errors, communication failures, huma n
errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, fraud by employees or other parties, limitations
or failure in systems and technology, changes in personnel and errors caused by third-party service
providers. Client accounts which are managed by investment personnel across multiple offices are subject
to greater operational risks due to different systems and technology, potential communication failures and
personnel changes. Such factors could result in losses to a client’s account.
Passive Investment Risk: Certain strategies utilize passive investment strategies or representative sampling
and expect to hold some or all of the securities of a respective index, regardless of their current or projected
performance. Parametric generally will not adjust a client’s account holdings to attempt to take advantage
of market opportunities or lessen the impact of a market decline or a decline in the performance of one or
more issuers or for other reasons. Maintaining investments regardless of market conditions or the
performance of individual investments could cause a client’s returns to be lower than if an active strategy
was employed.
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Preferred Stock Risk: Although preferred stocks represent an ownership interest in an issuer, preferred
stocks generally do not have voting rights or have limited voting rights and have economic characteristics
similar to fixed-income securities. Preferred stocks are subject to issuer-specific risks generally applicable
to equity securities and credit and interest rate risks generally applicable to fixed-income securities. The
value of preferred stock generally declines when interest rates rise and can react more significantly than
bonds and other debt instruments to actual or perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or
prospects.
Pooled Investment Vehicles Risk: Pooled investment vehicles include open- and closed-end investment
companies, exchange-traded funds, and private funds. Pooled investment vehicles are subject to the risks
of investing in the underlying securities or other investments. Shares of closed-end investment companies
and ETFs might trade at a premium or discount to net asset value and are subject to secondary market
trading risks. In addition, except as otherwise noted in this Brochure, the client portfolio will bear a pro rata
portion of the operating expenses of a pooled investment vehicle in which it invests.
Repurchase Agreements Risk: Repurchase transactions involve the purchase of a security from a bank or
securities dealer with an agreement to sell the security back to the bank or securities dealer at a fixed higher
price on a specific date. These transactions are subject to risks associated with the possibility of default by
the seller at a time when the collateral it has posted has declined in value, or insolvency of the seller, which
could affect an account’s right to control the collateral. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling
financial institution, an account will seek to liquidate such collateral. However, the exercising of an
account’s right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that
proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price,
an account could suffer a loss. Repurchase agreements involving obligations other than U.S. government
securities could be subject to additional risks if such securities are less liquid or if there is no market for
such securities.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements Risk: Reverse repurchase transactions involve the sale of a security to a
bank or securities dealer and a simultaneous agreement to repurchase the security for a fixed price
(reflecting a market rate of interest) on a specific date. These transactions involve a risk that the other party
to a reverse repurchase agreement will be unable or unwilling to complete the transaction as scheduled,
which could result in losses to an investment portfolio. Furthermore, reverse repurchase transactions involve
the risks that (i) the interest income earned in the investment of the proceeds will be less than the interest
expense, (ii) the market value of the securities retained in lieu of sale by an account could decline below the
price of the securities an account has sold but is obligated to repurchase, (iii) the market value of the
securities sold will decline below the price at which an account is required to repurchase them and (iv) the
securities will not be returned to an account. Reverse repurchase transactions are a form of leverage that
can also increase the volatility of investment portfolios.
Social Media Risk: The dissemination of negative or inaccurate information via social media about issuers
in which a client’s account invests could harm their business, reputation, financial condition, and results of
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operations, which could adversely affect the account and, due to reputational considerations, influence
Parametric’s decision as to whether to remain invested in such issuers.
Short Sale Risk: In a short sale transaction, an account sells a security that it owns or has the right to acquire
at no added cost (i.e., “against the box”) or does not own (but has borrowed) in anticipation of a decline in
the market value of that security. To deliver the securities to the buyer, an account arranges through a
lender (e.g., a broker) to borrow the security and, in so doing, the account becomes obligated to replace
the security borrowed at its market price at the time of replacement. An account could have to pay a
premium to borrow the security and must pay any dividends or interest payable on the security until it is
replaced. An account’s obligation to replace the security borrowed in connection with a short sale will be
secured by collateral deposited with the lender that consists of cash or other liquid securities. Short sales
by an account involve certain risks and special considerations. If a security sold short appreciates, an account
will have to replace the security with a security with a greater value than the amount received from the sale,
thus, resulting in a loss. Losses from short sales differ from losses that could be incurred from a purchase
of a security in that losses from short sales are potentially unlimited because the price of the borrowed
security could rise indefinitely, whereas losses from purchases can equal only the total amount invested.
Purchasing a security to close out the short position can itself cause the price of the security to rise further,
thereby exacerbating the loss. Short selling also involves the risks of: increased leverage, and its
accompanying potential for losses; the potential inability to reacquire a security in a timely manner, or at
an acceptable price; the possibility of the lender terminating the loan at any time, forcing an account to
close the transaction under unfavorable circumstances; the additional costs that can be incurred; and the
potential loss of investment flexibility caused by an account’s obligation to provide collateral to the lender
and set aside assets to cover the open position. Short sales are additionally subject to the risk that regulators
implement rules which limit or prohibit short sales, impacting Parametric’s ability to implement its strategies.
Small- and Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk: Investments in small- and mid-capitalization companies
can involve greater risks than investments in larger, more established companies. The securities issued by
small- and mid-capitalization companies could be less liquid, and such companies could have more limited
markets, financial resources and product lines, and could lack the depth of management of larger
companies. Small and mid-capitalization companies are generally subject to greater price fluctuations ,
limited liquidity, higher transaction costs and higher investment risk. Such companies might have limited
product lines, markets or financial resources, might be dependent on a limited management group, lack
substantial capital reserves or an established performance record. There is generally less publicly available
information about such companies than for larger, more established companies. Stocks of these companies
frequently have lower trading volumes, making them more volatile and potentially more difficult to value.
Structured Management Risk: Parametric uses rules-based, proprietary investment techniques and
analyses in making investment decisions. These strategies seek to take advantage of certain quantitative
and/or behavioral market characteristics identified by Parametric, utilizing rules-based country, sector and
commodity weighting processes, structured allocation methodologies and disciplined rebalancing models.
These investment strategies have not been independently tested or validated, and there can be no
assurance they will achieve the desired results.
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Tax-Managed Investing Risk: Investment strategies that seek to enhance after-tax performance might be
unable to fully realize strategic gains or harvest losses due to various factors. Market conditions could limit
the ability to generate tax losses. A tax-managed strategy might cause a client portfolio to hold a security
in order to achieve more favorable tax treatment or to sell a security in order to create tax losses. A tax loss
realized by a U.S. investor after selling a security will not be usable if the investor purchases the same or a
substantially identical security within thirty days. Although Parametric seeks to avoid “wash sales” and
temporarily restricts securities it has sold at a loss to prevent them, a wash sale can occur inadvertently
because of trading by a client in portfolios not managed by Parametric, or in other Parametric or Morgan
Stanley accounts owned by the client. A wash sale could also be triggered by Parametric when it has sold a
security for loss harvesting and shortly thereafter the Firm is directed by the client to invest a substantial
amount of cash resulting in a repurchase of the security or a substantially identical security. The wash sale
rules are unclear in some cases, and the Internal Revenue Service may find that a transaction has resulted
in a wash sale notwithstanding Parametric’s precautions. Ambiguities and changes in tax codes and
unsettled case law can limit the ability to predict tax effects in certain situations and Parametric makes no
representations that the most favorable tax treatment will be realized in all situations.
Fixed Income strategies that seek to maximize after-tax performance generally follow federal guidelines
with respect to the tax treatment of amortization of bond premium or discount when calculating after-tax
yield. Treatment of bond amortization can vary by state and be subject to interpretation and applicable case
law. Such treatment at the state level may differ from federal rules and impact the net income subject to
state tax liability for a Client.
Tax Risk: The tax treatment of investments held in a client portfolio might be adversely affected by future
tax legislation, Treasury Regulations and/or guidance issued by the Internal Revenue Service and/or states
that could affect the character, timing, and/or amount of taxable income or gains attributable to an account.
Income from tax-exempt municipal obligations could be declared taxable because of unfavorable changes
in tax laws, adverse interpretations by the Internal Revenue Service or non-compliant conduct of a bond
issuer. Investment strategies that seek to enhance after-tax performance could be adversely affected by
ambiguities and changes in tax codes and unsettled case law, as these can limit the ability to predict tax
effects in certain situations.
The provisions of Section 1091 of the Internal Revenue Code (the Wash Sale Rules) operate to deny the
recognition of loss on the sale of stock or securities if a taxpayer acquires the same or substantially identical
stock or securities during the period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the sale. Although
Parametric seeks to avoid non-recognition of tax losses under the Wash Sale Rules and temporarily restricts
securities it has sold at a loss to prevent such non-recognition, a wash sale can occur inadvertently because
of trading by a client in portfolios not managed by Parametric, or in other Parametric or Morgan Stanley
accounts owned by the same taxpayer. A wash sale could also be triggered by Parametric when it has sold
a security for loss harvesting and shortly thereafter is directed by the client to invest a substantial amount
of cash resulting in a repurchase of the security or a substantially identical security. The Wash Sale Rules are
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unclear in some cases, and the Internal Revenue Service may find that a transaction has resulted in a wash
sale notwithstanding Parametric’s precautions.
Neither Parametric nor any of its affiliates provide tax advice. Each person contemplating a Parametric
strategy or product should consult such person’s tax advisor with specific reference to such person’s own
tax situation.
Tax-Straddle Risk: Investment strategies that utilize off-setting positions on a security or a portfolio of
securities (e.g. an equity portfolio and an options portfolio) must adhere to specific rules and provisions in
order to avoid negative tax consequences under Section 1092 of the Internal Revenue Code (the Tax
Straddle Rules). The Tax Straddle Rules apply to an investor’s entire investment portfolio including accounts
not managed by Parametric. To the extent that Parametric is informed by the client and/or its adviser of the
client’s relevant accounts at Parametric, Parametric seeks to manage client portfolios in a manner to avoid
tax straddles. However, Parametric makes no guarantees that its management of client portfolio(s) will not
result in tax straddles, particularly when a client has more than two portfolios including more than one
equity portfolio with Parametric. Parametric is additionally not able to avoid tax straddles from occurring
due to transactions and holdings outside of Parametric, including at Parametric’s affiliates. Transactions
resulting in a tax straddle can impact an investor’s ability to realize tax benefits (e.g., defer gains, deduct
interest, convert short term gains into long term gains). Such tax benefits may also be negated by
transactions and holdings of which Parametric is not aware, including those of a client’s portfolio(s) not
managed by Parametric and/or in other Parametric or Morgan Stanley accounts owned by the same client.
The Tax Straddle Rules are unclear in some cases and the Internal Revenue Service may find that certain
positions constitute tax straddles notwithstanding Parametric’s precautions.
Tracking Error Risk: Tracking error risk refers to the risk that the performance of a client portfolio might
not match or correlate to that of the index it attempts to track, either on a daily or aggregate basis. Factors
such as fees and trading expenses, client-imposed restrictions, imperfect correlation between the portfolio’s
investments and the index, changes to the composition of the index, regulatory policies, high portfolio
turnover and the use of leverage all contribute to tracking error. Tracking error risk might cause the
performance of a client portfolio to be less or more than expected.
U.S. Government Securities Risk: With respect to U.S. government securities that are not backed by the
full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, there is the risk that the U.S. Government will not provide
financial support to such U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises if it is not
obligated to do so by law. For example, a U.S. government-sponsored entity, such as Federal National
Mortgage Association or Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, although chartered or sponsored by
an Act of Congress, could issue securities that are neither insured nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury and,
therefore, are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. U.S. Treasury securities generally
have a lower return than other obligations because of their higher credit quality and market liquidity.
U.S. government securities are also subject to interest rate risks and can exhibit price fluctuations resulting
from increases or decreases in interest rates.
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Item 9—Disciplinary Information
In this item, registered investment advisers are required to disclose all material facts regarding any legal or
disciplinary event that may be material to a client or prospective client’s evaluation of the adviser. Parametric
has no legal or disciplinary information to disclose that is applicable to this item.
Item 10—Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Parametric is a wholly owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley, a corporation whose shares are publicly held
and traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MS. Morgan Stanley is a financial holding
company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, and has numerous domestic and
international subsidiaries. Parametric is part of a large global financial services and investment banking
group. As a result, Parametric’s clients might have existing relationships with the Firm’s affiliates. These
relationships can cause conflicts of interest. Relationships with affiliates that are material to clients are
discussed below.
The business activities of Morgan Stanley can give rise to occasions when Parametric, as investment adviser
or sub-adviser, will have the opportunity to pursue or participate in a legal action against Morgan Stanley
or its clients; in that event, Parametric could decide in its discretion to pursue or forgo participation in such
legal action in whole or in part due to the other activities of Morgan Stanley.
Broker-Dealer Affiliates
Parametric is affiliated with Eaton Vance Distributors, Inc. (EVD) and Morgan Stanley Distribution, Inc.
(MSDI), each of which are broker-dealers registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (34 Act) and
the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). EVD and MSDI are the principal underwriters and
distributors of certain affiliated funds and products. Registered representatives of EVD and MSDI (who in
certain cases are also employees and/or officers of Parametric) are compensated for selling activities of
funds, and in certain instances, separately managed accounts managed by Parametric. Parametric will, in
certain instances, pay EVD and MSDI for the services provided, including sales activities. Parametric currently
does not conduct any brokerage business with EVD or MSDI.
Parametric is affiliated with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, and Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC (MSSB), each
a registered broker-dealer under the 34 Act and with FINRA. MSSB is registered with the SEC as an investment
adviser. Parametric participates in a wrap program sponsored by MSSB. Parametric is also affiliated with
foreign broker-dealers and financial services companies, including Morgan Stanley & Co. International PLC.,
and Block Interest Discovery System (BIDS) (hereinafter, together with affiliated broker-dealers registered
under the 34 Act, collectively referred to as Affiliated Broker- Dealers).
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When permitted by applicable law and subject to the considerations set forth in Item 12 – Brokerage
Practices, Parametric utilizes Affiliated Broker-Dealers to effect portfolio securities, currency exchange,
futures, and other transactions for Parametric’s client accounts. The Participation or Interest in Client
Transactions subsection in Item 11 - Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading, describes in greater detail the manner in which Parametric utilizes Affiliated Broker-
Dealers to effect client transactions and the conflicts of interest that can arise.
EVD serves as distributor, placement agent and/or underwriter for certain registered and unregistered
investment companies for which Parametric acts as investment advisor or subadvisor and in certain
instances, receive distribution fees from the funds pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act or placement
agent fees.
Where applicable, EVD pays fees, in whole or in part, to MSSB and to any other selected dealer, including
any other Affiliated Broker-Dealer, with whom EVD has entered into a selected dealer or placement agent
agreement. In addition, any sales charges derived from the purchase or redemption of an investment
company managed by Parametric are paid directly to MSSB, or to any of those other selected dealers,
including any other Affiliated Broker-Dealer, from which such dealer pays its sales representatives and other
costs of distribution.
Commodity Trading Advisor/Commodity Pool Operator Registration
In addition to its registration with the SEC as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of
1940, Parametric is registered as a Commodity Trading Adviser and Commodity Pool Operator with the
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and is a member of the National Futures Association (NFA).
Certain management and sales personnel are registered with the NFA as Principals and/or Associated
Persons.
Material Arrangements or Relationships with Affiliates
Parametric is part of a group of investment advisers within the Morgan Stanley Investment Management
business, including, but not limited to: (1) EVM; (2) Boston Management and Research; (3) Calvert Research
and Management (CRM); (4) Atlanta Capital Management Company; (5) Eaton Vance Advisers Internationa l
Ltd. (EVAIL); (6) MSIM.; (7) Mesa West Capital, LLC; (8) Morgan Stanley Investment Management Company;
(9) Morgan Stanley Investment Management Limited; (10) Morgan Stanley AIP GP LP; (11) MSIM Fund
Management (Ireland) Limited; (12) Morgan Stanley Infrastructure, Inc.; (13) Morgan Stanley Private Equity
Asia, Inc.; (14) MS Capital Partners Adviser, Inc.; (15) Morgan Stanley Real Estate Advisor, Inc.; (16) MSREF
Real Estate Advisor, Inc.; (17) Morgan Stanley Eaton Vance CLO Manager LLC; (18) MSRESS III Manager, LLC;
and (19) FundLogic SAS (collectively, Affiliated Advisers).
Parametric has entered into arrangements with its affiliates to provide and receive certain services such as
accounting, finance, human resources, information technology,
legal and compliance. In additional
situations, certain employees of Parametric have been “dual-hatted” as employees and/or officers of its
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affiliates, including certain Affiliated Advisers. While MSIM operates a global compliance program covering
all Affiliated Advisers, in certain instances, there are specific adviser policies that only apply to a particular
Affiliated Adviser and, therefore, the Parametric Chief Compliance Officer and the respective Chief
Compliance Officers of the Affiliated Advisers (collectively the CCOs) have instituted a framework to monitor
compliance by such dual-hatted employees with applicable requirements. The CCOs receive reporting and
meet regularly to discuss matters affecting these employees and as relevant, the CCOs are required to
promptly report to other CCOs certain events such as material violations of policies and procedures,
violations of a code of ethics, and client complaints to the extent such matters have not been escalated
through global compliance monitoring.
CRM is an index and model provider, and certain Parametric client portfolios are benchmarked against CRM
indices or models. For certain of these private funds and clients benchmarked against a CRM index or
invested in a CRM investment strategy, Parametric has determined that proxies for issuers held in client
portfolios benchmarked against a CRM index or invested in a CRM strategy will be voted in accordance with
CRM’s proxy policy. Please see Item 17 – Voting Client Securities for additional information. CRM additionally
provides Parametric with ESG research for use in certain offerings.
Parametric and affiliates have entered into arrangements (such as sub-advisory agreements or research
provider agreements) under which Parametric provides services to clients and/or funds of these affiliates or
under which these affiliates provide services to Parametric such as provision of models, research, or indexes
which Parametric utilizes in managing its client’s portfolios. Parametric and these affiliates can compensate
each other for such services.
Investment strategies and products of Parametric and its affiliates are cross marketed. Parametric works
closely with its affiliates to jointly market advisory services and strategic investment strategies to
institutional investors and high-net-worth individuals and refers clients to its affiliates when appropriate.
These shared marketing efforts and sales referrals result in intercompany transfers and cost-sharing
payments between Parametric and its affiliates.
As described in Item 4 – Advisory Business and within this Item 10, certain employees of Parametric have
also been designated as employees and/or officers of its affiliates. The Chief Compliance Officers of
Parametric and such affiliates (the CCOs) have determined that where the different entities have different
policies on specific matters, such employees/officers are not expected to be subject to different versions of
policies and procedures covering the same subject matter. As such, the CCOs have determined on a case-
by-case basis which policy and procedure will be applicable to each employee and/or officer. Factors such
as the office the employee is located in, what
level of access to information such as research
recommendations, and what compliance program the employee has historically been subject to, among
other considerations, are considered when making determinations. The CCOs meet regularly to discuss
matters affecting these employees and the CCOs are required to promptly report to other CCOs certain
events such as material violations of policies and procedures, violations of a code of ethics, and client
complaints. The Parametric CCOs have determined that, in cases where a Parametric employee and/or
officer will be subject to an affiliate’s policy or procedure, such policy or procedure is adequately designed.
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Pooled Investment Vehicles
As described above, Parametric has organized and serves as the investment adviser and/or managing
member of the PPA Private Funds. The PPA Private Funds are only offered to investors meeting qualifications
for investment.
Parametric acts as sub-adviser to registered investment companies sponsored by third parties or Parametric
affiliates. Parametric additionally provides non-discretionary services to certain third party registered
investment companies. Parametric additionally provides sub-advisory services to other pooled investment
vehicles such as collective investment trusts, private funds exempt from registration under the 40 Act, and
limited liability companies or limited partnerships and offshore funds including UCITS and SICAVs. Such
pooled investment vehicles may be sponsored by affiliates or unaffiliated third parties.
Electronic Communication Networks and Alternative Trading Systems
Parametric’s affiliates have ownership interests in and/or board seats on electronic communication networks
(ECNs) or other alternative trading systems (ATSs). In certain instances, Parametric’s affiliates could be
deemed to control one or more of such ECNs or ATSs based on the level of such ownership interests and
whether such affiliates are represented on the board of such ECNs or ATSs. Consistent with its fiduciary
obligation to seek best execution, Parametric will, from time to time, directly or indirectly, effect client trades
through ECNs or other ATSs in which the Firm’s affiliates have or could acquire an interest or board seat.
These affiliates might receive an indirect economic benefit based upon their ownership in the ECNs or other
ATSs. Parametric will, directly or indirectly, execute through an ECN or other ATSs in which an affiliate has
an interest only in situations where the Firm or the broker dealer through whom it is accessing the ECN or
ATS reasonably believes such transaction will be in the best interest of its clients and the requirements of
applicable law have been satisfied. Parametric’s affiliates might own over 5% of the outstanding voting
securities and/or have a member on the board of certain trading systems (or their parent companies),
including (i) Copeland Markets LLC, (ii) MEMX Holdings LLC, (iii) OTCderiv Limited, (iv) Creditderiv Limited,
(v) Equilend, (vi) FXglobalclear Limited, (vii) EOS Precious Metals Limited, (viii) Yensai.com Co., Ltd, and (ix)
Octaura Holdings LLC.
Parametric’s affiliates could acquire interests in and/or take board seats on other ECNs or other ATSs (or
increase ownership in the ATSs listed above) in the future.
Parametric’s affiliates receive cash credits from certain ECNs and ATSs for certain orders that provide
liquidity to their books. In certain circumstances, ECNs and ATSs also charge explicit fees for orders that
extract liquidity from their books. From time to time, the number of credits that the Firm’s affiliates receive
from one or more ECN or ATS exceeds the amount that is charged. Under these limited circumstances, such
payments would constitute payment for order flow.
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Other Relationships
Custom Active strategies, as described in Item 8, can be co-marketed by Parametric and a Research Provider,
with each promoting its own services. Parametric pays the Research Provider for its model portfolios based
on the amount of assets under management invested in the respective Custom Active strategy. The
compensation is at the same or lower rate the Research Provider indicates to Parametric that it receives
from relevant intermediaries for the model portfolio without customization by Parametric. As such,
Parametric and the Research Providers do not view the Research Provider as being compensated for any
co-marketing activities. Because compensation is based on assets under management, a conflict of interest
can be present for co-marketing the Custom Active strategies. Each of Parametric and a Research Provider
is solely responsible for any information it provides concerning its services.
Item 11—Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading
Parametric has adopted the Morgan Stanley Investment Management Public Side Code of Ethics and
Personal Trading Guidelines (the Code) pursuant to Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act. Each Parametric
employee is required to acknowledge the Code at the inception of his/her employment and annually
thereafter. The Code is designed to make certain that all acts, practices and courses of business engaged in
by employees are conducted in accordance with the highest possible standards and to prevent abuse, or
even the appearance of abuse, by employees with respect to their personal trading and other business
activities.
Additionally, all Parametric employees are subject to firm-wide policies and procedures referenced in the
Morgan Stanley Code of Conduct (the Code of Conduct) that sets forth, among other things, restrictions
regarding confidential and proprietary information, information barriers, information security, privacy and
data protection, private investments, outside business interests and personal trading. All Morgan Stanley
employees, including Parametric employees, are required to acknowledge that they have read, understand,
complied with, and agree to abide by the Code of Conduct’s terms as a condition of continued employment.
The Code requires each employee to pre-clear trades for covered securities, as defined under the Code, in
any personal investment account for which the employee or an immediate family member has investment
discretion or maintains beneficial ownership of the securities held therein. A pre-clearance request may be
denied without reason. A personal trade request will generally be denied if there is a material likelihood
that it would harm or disadvantage a client account. Personal trade approvals are valid for one day only.
The Code also imposes holding periods and reporting requirements for covered securities, which includes
affiliated and sub-advised U.S. mutual funds. Parametric employees and their immediate family are
prohibited from acquiring any security in an initial public offering or any other public underwriting .
Investments in private placements or an employee’s participation in an outside business activity must be
pre-approved by Compliance and the employee’s manager. Certain Firm personnel who, in connection with
job functions, make or participate in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities
or who have real-time knowledge of such recommendations, are held to more stringent standards when
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placing trades in personal investment accounts. These employees will be temporarily restricted from all
personal trading during significant model portfolio rebalances and index reconstitution events. Violations
of the Code are subject to sanction, including reprimand, restricting trading privileges, reducing employees’
discretionary bonus, if any, potential reversal of a trade made in violation of the Code or other applicable
policies, suspension or termination of employment.
Parametric will provide a copy of the Code upon request.
Additional Conflicts of Interest
In addition to the conflicts of interest addressed in the Code of Ethics, Parametric has adopted and
implemented additional policies and procedures which are designed to prevent or mitigate material
conflicts of interest by and between the Firm, its employees and clients. These potential conflicts of interest
arise from the receipt and provision of gifts and entertainment, outside business activities, and political
contributions.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
The following section addresses our trading activities, the various conflicts of interest that can arise, and
how such conflicts have been addressed.
Morgan Stanley Securities
Parametric has adopted a trading program in its CPM and Custom Core strategies for the treatment of
Morgan Stanley stock (MS Stock). Under this program, Parametric will buy and sell MS Stock in CPM and
Custom Core accounts in accordance with the third-party index(es) or model(s) utilized to manage the
account, subject to the restrictions outlined below. Any such transactions will be subject to
client/intermediary restrictions, Parametric’s fiduciary duties under the Advisers Act, the restrictions
imposed under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA), and applicable
rules and regulations. All clients eligible to hold MS Stock will hold at a weighting generally equal to the
weighting of MS Stock in third party index(es) or model(s) utilized in the client’s account. To avoid frequent
trading of small positions resulting from passive drift in client accounts, Parametric permits a band around
the index/model weight. Any transaction in MS Stock will be limited to trades which bring a client’s holdings
in MS Stock to a weighting generally equal to the third-party index/model weighting. Transactions will occur
in certain situations including but not limited to account funding, cash flows, index rebalances, or when the
weighting in a client’s account exceeds the bands. For example, if a Custom Core client’s account is
benchmarked against the S&P 500, the only transactions in MS Stock will be those intended to bring the
weighting of MS Stock in the client’s account to the same weight of MS Stock in the S&P 500. For CPM
accounts, all transactions in MS Stock will be intended to bring MS Stock’s weighting to the index or third-
party model weights provided to Parametric and utilized in the CPM client’s account. Parametric does not
anticipate transacting in MS equity or debt securities in any other strategies or products other than CPM
and Custom Core.
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Parametric will only consider the parameters outlined above with respect to client holdings and transactions
in MS Stock and a client’s holdings of MS Stock will not benefit from Parametric’s portfolio optimizatio n
process. Parametric will not consider the tax implications or any other factors when executing transactions
in MS Stock and as such may incur or fail to reduce tax liabilities.
Broker-Dealer Affiliations
Parametric does not act as principal or broker in connection with client transactions. However, when
exercising its discretion under an investment management agreement with a client, Parametric will, in
certain instances, effect transactions in securities or other instruments for a client through Affiliated Broker-
Dealers which perform all of the activities set forth below.
Parametric rarely seeks to enter into securities transactions on behalf of a client in which an Affiliated Broker-
Dealer will act as principal. In the event this occurs, Parametric will disclose to the client that the trade will
be conducted on a principal basis and obtain the client’s consent in accordance with the provisions of and
rules under the Advisers Act and as otherwise or additionally agreed by contract or by other applicable law.
Parametric will recommend that a client engage in such a transaction only when it believes that the net
price for the security is at least as favorable as could have been obtained from another established dealer
in such security. Principal trades with an Affiliated Broker-Dealer will most commonly be conducted as a
result of a request from a client.
Parametric’s recommendations to clients may involve securities in which its Affiliated Broker-Dealers, or
their officers, employees or other affiliates, have a financial interest. Affiliated Broker-Dealers and their
officers, employees and other affiliates, can purchase or sell for their own accounts securities that Parametric
recommends to its clients.
If permitted by a client’s investment objectives and guidelines, applicable law, and Parametric’s policies and
procedures concerning conflicts of interest, Parametric will, from time to time, recommend that the
purchase, or use its discretion to affect a purchase of, securities during the existence of an underwriting or
other public or private offering of such securities involving an Affiliated Broker-Dealer as a manager,
underwriter, initial purchaser, or placement agent. Among other things, Parametric must disclose to the
client that the transaction involves an affiliate and obtain client consent to execute transactions with an
affiliate on behalf of the client’s account. Purchases can be from underwriters or placement agents other
than an Affiliated Broker-Dealer in distributions in which an Affiliated Broker-Dealer is a manager and/or
member of a syndicate or selling group, as a result of which an Affiliated Broker-Dealer will likely benefit
from the purchase through receipt of a fee or otherwise. In situations in which a client has not permitted,
or where it is prohibited by law, rule or regulation, Parametric may be unable to purchase securities for the
client account in an initial or other public or private offering of securities involving an Affiliated Broker-
Dealer.
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With client consent, and subject to the restrictions imposed on such transactions by applicable law,
Parametric will affect portfolio transactions through an Affiliated Broker-Dealer on an agency basis,
including transactions in certain over the counter (OTC) securities, where the Affiliated Broker-Dealer will
act as agent in connection with the purchase and sale of OTC securities from market participants and will
charge our clients a commission on the transactions. Since these are agency transactions, there is no mark-
up or mark-down on the price of the security.
Parametric will affect securities transactions through an Affiliated Broker-Dealer when, in its judgment, the
client will obtain the best execution of the transaction. Subject to its duty to seek best execution, Parametric
will, from time to time, effect such transactions through an Affiliated Broker-Dealer even though the total
brokerage commission for the transaction will be higher than that which might have been charged by
another broker for the same transaction.
Parametric provides investment management services to clients who may also receive services from
Affiliated Broker-Dealers. Certain Parametric clients are served through Morgan Stanley Wealth
Management’s (MSWM) Investment Management Services program and have advisory agreements with
both Parametric and MSWM. MSWM does not recommend Parametric in this program and clients are
responsible for independently selecting Parametric. In addition, MSWM has entered into arrangements with
sponsors and distributors of third party registered funds (Third Party Funds). MSWM receives compensation
under these arrangements for its clients which hold such funds in MSWM brokerage accounts (MSWM
Accounts). To the extent Parametric invests in Third Party Funds for its clients holding their assets in MSWM
Accounts, MSWM would receive compensation from the sponsors and distributors of Third-Party Funds.
This creates a conflict of interest for Parametric to invest client assets in Third Party Funds.
Agency Cross Transactions
From time to time, and when permitted by applicable law and the relevant client agreements, Parametric
will affect “agency cross transactions” in which an Affiliated Broker-Dealer acts as agent for both the buyer
and seller in the transaction. Parametric will only trade with an Affiliated Broker-Dealer on behalf of a client
on an agency cross basis when the client has consented to Parametric affecting such transactions. Any
agency cross transaction will be affected in compliance with applicable law, as well as policies and
procedures Parametric has designed to prevent and disclose potential conflicts of interest. The Affiliated
Broker-Dealer can receive a commission from the seller and the buyer when it executes transactions on an
agency cross basis under certain conditions. In affecting an agency cross transaction, Parametric has
potentially conflicting divisions of loyalties and responsibilities regarding the parties to the transaction.
Parametric, along with related persons of Parametric, will affect portfolio transactions through an Affiliated
Broker-Dealer on behalf of clients in respect of which Parametric is a “fiduciary” as defined in ERISA. Such
transactions will be executed only on an agency basis and with prior written approval from an independent
fiduciary in accordance with the terms of exemptions available from the Department of Labor, as well as in
accordance with the restrictions imposed on such transactions by applicable law.
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Fixed income instruments typically trade at a bid/ask spread and without an explicit brokerage charge. While
there is not a formal trading expense or commission, clients (including wrap fee program clients) will bear
the implicit trading costs reflected in these spreads.
Parametric is generally permitted to purchase securities on behalf of its ERISA clients from an underwriting
or selling syndicate where an Affiliated Broker-Dealer participates as manager, or syndicate members with
prior written approval from an independent fiduciary in accordance with the terms of exemptions available
from the Department of Labor.
Parametric and Affiliated Advisers, from time to time, execute client transactions with broker-dealers that
do not have their own clearing facilities and who clear such transactions through an Affiliated Broker-Dealer.
In such instances, the Affiliated Broker-Dealer will receive a clearing fee for these transactions.
Clearing Through Affiliates
Certain transactions, including futures and listed options, are subject to clearing requirements. To the extent
a client opens a clearing account at an affiliate of Parametric, such affiliate will receive a clearing fee for
transactions executed by Parametric with a third-party broker-dealer and cleared through an affiliate.
Clearing through an affiliate creates conflicts of interest in light of the clearing fee received by the affiliate
for its clearing services. Parametric seeks to mitigate these conflicts by allowing clients to select the firm
that will clear their transactions. Parametric monitors clearing entities and such oversight includes
considering factors including clearing fees, evaluation of clearing services, operational and margin
considerations, among other factors.
Certain cleared transactions involve derivatives that cash settle in currencies other than the client’s account
base currency. In such instances, it is anticipated that the affiliated clearing entity will execute currency
exchanges to repatriate the currency into the client account’s base currency. These foreign exchange
transactions are frequently executed on a principal basis by the affiliated clearing entity and are executed
pursuant to the clearing entity’s processes for foreign exchange transactions.
Services to Issuers Activities
Along with our affiliates, Parametric provides a variety of services for, and renders advice to, various clients,
including issuers of securities that it also recommends for purchase or sale by clients. In the course of
providing these services, Parametric and its affiliates may come into possession of material, nonpublic
information which might affect its ability to buy, sell, or hold a security for a client account. Investment
research materials disclose that our related persons may own, and may affect transactions in, securities of
companies mentioned in such materials and also may perform or seek to perform investment banking
services for those companies. In addition, directors, officers and employees of our affiliates may have board
seats and/or have board observer rights with private and/or publicly traded companies in which Parametric
invests on behalf of client accounts. Along with its affiliates, Parametric has adopted policies and procedures
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and created information barriers that are reasonably designed to prevent the flow of any material, nonpublic
information regarding these companies between the Firm and its affiliates.
Morgan Stanley’s Trading and Principal Investing Activities
Morgan Stanley generally conducts its sales and trading businesses, publishes research and analysis, and
renders investment advice without regard for Parametric client accounts, although these activities could
have an adverse impact on the value of one or more of our clients’ investments, or could cause Morgan
Stanley to have an interest in one or more investments that is different from and potentially adverse to that
of our clients. Morgan Stanley’s sales and trading, financing and principal investing businesses will not be
required to offer any investment opportunities to our clients. These businesses can encompass, among
other things, principal trading activities as well as principal investing.
Morgan Stanley’s sales and trading, financing and principal investing businesses have acquired or invested
in, and in the future could acquire or invest in, minority and/or majority control positions in equity or debt
instruments of diverse public and/or private companies. Such activities could put Morgan Stanley in a
position to exercise contractual, voting or creditor rights, or management or other control with respect to
securities or loans of portfolio investments or other issuers, and in these instances Morgan Stanley could,
in its discretion and subject to applicable law, act to protect its own interests or interests of clients, and not
the interests of Parametric’s clients.
Subject to the limitations of applicable law, an account could purchase from or sell assets to, or make
investments in, companies in which Morgan Stanley has or will acquire an interest, including as an owner,
creditor or counterparty.
Investment Banking Activities
Morgan Stanley advises clients on a variety of mergers, acquisitions and financing transactions. Morgan
Stanley may act as an advisor to clients that may compete with Parametric’s clients and with respect to
clients’ investments. In certain instances, Morgan Stanley gives advice and takes action with respect to its
clients or proprietary accounts that may differ from the advice Parametric provides or involves an action of
a different timing or nature than the action taken advised by Parametric. At times, Morgan Stanley will give
advice and provide recommendations to persons competing with Parametric’s clients and/or any of their
investments, contrary to the client’s best interests and/or the best interests of any of its investments.
Morgan Stanley could be engaged in financial advising, whether on the buy-side or sell-side, or in financing
or lending assignments that could result in Morgan Stanley’s determining in its discretion or being required
to act exclusively on behalf of one or more third parties, which could limit Parametric clients’ ability to
transact with respect to one or more existing or potential investments. Morgan Stanley may have
relationships with third-party funds, companies or investors who may have invested in or may look to invest
in portfolio companies, and there could be conflicts between Parametric’s clients’ best interests, on the one
hand, and the interests of a Morgan Stanley client or counterparty, on the other hand. To the extent that
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Morgan Stanley advises companies in financial restructurings outside of, prior to, or after filing for
protection under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code or similar laws in other jurisdictions, Parametric’s
flexibility in making investments in such restructurings on a client’s behalf, or participating on steering
committees and other committees in connection with existing investments, may be limited.
From time to time, different areas of Morgan Stanley will come into possession of material non-public
information (MNPI) as a result of providing investment banking services to issuers of securities. In an effort
to prevent the mishandling of MNPI, Morgan Stanley will, at times, restrict trading of these issuers’ securities
by Parametric and its clients during the period such MNPI is held by Morgan Stanley, which period may be
substantial. In instances where trading of an investment is restricted, clients may not be able to purchase or
sell such investment, in whole or in part, resulting in Parametric clients’ inability to participate in certain
desirable transactions and/or a lack of liquidity concerning clients’ existing portfolio investments. This
inability to buy or sell an investment could have an adverse effect on a client’s portfolio due to, among
other things, changes in an investment’s value during the period its trading is restricted. Parametric has
implemented information barriers with its affiliates in order to minimize the impact of such restrictions on
client portfolios.
Morgan Stanley could provide investment banking services to competitors of Parametric clients’ portfolio
companies, as well as to private equity and/or private credit funds, and such activities could present Morgan
Stanley with a conflict-of-interest vis-a-vis a client’s investment and also result in a conflict in respect of the
allocation of investment banking resources to portfolio companies. To the extent permitted by applicable
law, Morgan Stanley can provide a broad range of financial services to companies in which a client invests,
including strategic and financial advisory services, interim acquisition financing and other lending and
underwriting or placement of securities, and Morgan Stanley generally will be paid fees (that may include
warrants or other securities) for such services. Morgan Stanley will not share any of the foregoing interest,
fees and other compensation received by it (including, for the avoidance of doubt, amounts received by
Parametric) with the client, and any advisory fees payable will not be reduced thereby.
Morgan Stanley could be engaged to act as a financial advisor to a company in connection with the sale of
such company, or subsidiaries or divisions thereof, may represent potential buyers of businesses through
its mergers and acquisition activities and could provide lending and other related financing services in
connection with such transactions. Morgan Stanley’s compensation for such activities is usually based upon
realized consideration and is usually contingent, in substantial part, upon the closing of the transaction.
Parametric’s clients may be precluded from participating in a transaction with or relating to the company
being sold under these circumstances.
Parametric believes that the nature and range of clients to whom its Affiliated Broker-Dealers render
investment banking and other services is such that it would be inadvisable to exclude these companies from
a client’s portfolio. Accordingly, unless a client advises Parametric to the contrary, it is likely that a client’s
holdings will include the securities of corporations for whom an Affiliated Broker Dealers performs
investment banking and other services. Moreover, client portfolios may include the securities of companies
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in which Affiliated Broker-Dealers make a market or in which Parametric, its officers and employees and
Affiliated Broker-Dealers or other related persons and their officers or employees have positions.
To meet applicable regulatory requirements, there are periods when Parametric will not initiate or
recommend certain types of transaction in the securities of companies for which an Affiliated Broker-Dealer
is performing investment banking service. Parametric clients will not be advised of that fact. In particular,
when an Affiliated Broker-Dealer is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of a
company, Parametric may be prohibited from purchasing or recommending the purchase of certain
securities of that company for its clients. Parametric has implemented information barriers in order to
minimize the impact of such restrictions on client portfolios. Notwithstanding the circumstances described
above, clients, of their own initiative, may direct Parametric to place orders for specific securities transactions
in their accounts. In addition, Parametric generally will not initiate or recommend transactions in the
securities of companies with respect to which Parametric affiliates may have controlling interests or are
affiliated.
In addition, in situations where Parametric is required to aggregate its positions with those of other Morgan
Stanley business units for position limit calculations, we may have to refrain from making investments due
to the positions held by other Morgan Stanley business units or their clients. There may be other situations
where we refrain from making an investment or refrain from taking certain actions related to the
management of such investment due to, among other reasons, additional disclosure obligations, regulatory
requirements, policies, and reputational risk, or Parametric may limit purchases or sales of securities in
respect of which Morgan Stanley is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution capacity.
Investment Limits
Various federal, state or foreign laws, rules and regulations, as well as certain corporate charters adopted
by issuers in which Parametric may invest, limit the percentage of an issuer’s securities that may be owned
by Parametric and its affiliates. Parametric is more likely to run into these limitations than investment
advisers with fewer assets under management and/or that are not affiliated with a large financial institutio n
or financial holding company. In certain instances, for the purposes of these ownership limitations ,
Parametric’s holdings on behalf of its client accounts will be aggregated with the holdings of its affiliates.
These ownership limitations may be in the form of, among others: (i) a strict prohibition against owning
more than a certain percentage of an issuer’s securities (the threshold); (ii) a “poison pill” that would have
a material dilutive impact on its holdings in that issuer should Parametric and its affiliates exceed the
threshold; (iii) provisions that would cause Parametric and its affiliates to be considered "interested
stockholders" of an issuer if Parametric and its affiliates exceed the threshold; and (iv) provisions that may
cause Parametric and its affiliates to be considered an “affiliate” or “control person” of the issuer. Parametric
will generally avoid exceeding the threshold in these situations. With respect to situations in which
Parametric and its affiliates may be considered “interested stockholders” (or a similar term), the Firm will
generally avoid exceeding the threshold because if it were considered an interested stockholder, Parametric
and its affiliates would be prohibited (in some cases absent board and/or shareholder approval) from
entering into certain transactions or performing certain services (including investment banking, financial
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advisory and securities lending) with or for the issuer. The Firm will also generally avoid exceeding a
threshold in situations in which Parametric may be considered an affiliate of the issuer for the reasons set
forth above, as well as the fact that should Parametric be considered an affiliate of an issuer, the Firm’s
ability to trade in the issuer’s securities would become limited. For additional information on certain
regulatory risks, including the Volcker Rule, please see the “Legal and Regulatory Risks” sub-section in Item
8, Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss.
Investments in Affiliated Investment Funds
When permitted by applicable law and the investment guidelines applicable to an individual client account,
Parametric may deem it to be in the best interests of a client and to invest the assets of the client’s account
in various closed-end and open-end investment companies or other pooled investment vehicles for which
Parametric and its affiliates receive compensation for advisory, administrative, or other services. This may
create a conflict of interest with respect to the allocation of affiliated funds. Since Parametric affiliates receive
fees from the funds, Parametric may have an incentive to allocate more client assets to funds managed or
served by affiliates. However, Parametric does not consider the fee structures of the underlying investment
companies during trade allocation.
In certain circumstances, when required by applicable law or by agreement with the client Parametric will
waive or offset its investment management fee with respect to assets invested in pooled investment vehicles
to the extent some or all of the compensation is received by Parametric and its affiliates for services
rendered with respect to such pooled investment vehicles. Parametric does not, in all instances, waive or
offset such investment management fees.
Investment Management Activities
It is possible that the Firm’s officers or employees will buy or sell securities or other instruments that
Parametric has purchased on behalf of or recommended to clients. Moreover, from time to time Parametric
will purchase and sell on behalf of or recommend to clients the purchase or sale of securities in which the
Firm or its officers, employees or related persons have a financial interest. These transactions are subject to
Firm policies and procedures regarding personal securities trading, as well as to the requirements of the
Advisers Act, the 1940 Act and other applicable laws. Firm policies and procedures, the Advisers Act and the
1940 Act require that Parametric place the interests of its clients before its own.
From time to time, various potential and actual conflicts of interest arise from the overall advisory,
investment and other activities of Parametric and its affiliates, and personnel (each, an Advisory Affiliate
and, collectively, the Advisory Affiliates).
The Advisory Affiliates manage long and short portfolios. The simultaneous management of long and short
portfolios creates conflicts of interest in portfolio management and trading in that opposite directional
positions may be taken in client accounts managed by the same or different investment teams, and creates
risks such as: (i) the risk that short sale activity could adversely affect the market value of long positions in
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one or more portfolios (and vice versa) and (ii) the risks associated with the trading desk receiving opposing
orders in the same security simultaneously. In certain circumstances, Advisory Affiliates invest on behalf of
themselves in securities and other instruments that would be appropriate for, held by, or may fall within the
investment guidelines of the funds and/or client accounts managed by them (collectively, the Advisory
Clients). At times, the Advisory Affiliates will give advice or take action for their own accounts that differs
from, conflicts with, or is adverse to advice given or action taken for any of the Advisory Clients.
From time to time, conflicts also arise due to the fact that certain securities or instruments may be held by
some Advisory Clients but not by others, or the Advisory Clients may have different levels of holdings in
certain securities or instruments, and the Advisory Clients pay different levels of fees to Parametric. In
addition, at times an Advisory Affiliate will give advice or take action with respect to the investments of one
or more Advisory Clients that is not given or taken with respect to other Advisory Clients with similar
investment programs, objectives, and strategies. Accordingly, Advisory Clients with similar strategies will
not always hold the same securities or instruments or achieve the same performance. Advisory Affiliates
also advise Advisory Clients with conflicting programs, objectives or strategies.
To the extent Parametric utilizes quantitative models or risk management or optimization investment
techniques, the decision to initiate a purchase or sale transaction could differ, and be done for different
reasons, than the decision made on the same securities when not utilizing such techniques. This could create
conflicts of interest, and it is possible that one or more client accounts could achieve investment results that
are substantially more or less favorable than those results achieved by other accounts.
Any of the foregoing activities may adversely affect the prices and availability of other securities or
instruments held by or potentially considered for one or more Advisory Clients. Finally, the Advisory
Affiliates may have conflicts in allocating their time and services among their Advisory Clients. Parametric
will devote as much time to each of its Advisory Clients as it deems appropriate to perform its duties in
accordance with its respective management agreements.
Different clients of Parametric and its affiliates, including funds advised by Parametric or an affiliate, may
invest in (1) different classes of securities of the same issuer (including, without limitation, different parts of
an issuer’s capital structure), depending on their respective client’s investment objectives and policies and
(2) the same class of securities of the same issuer while seeking different investment objectives or executing
different investment strategies (such as long-term vs short-term investment horizons), and Parametric could
face conflicts with respect to the interests involved. As a result, at times, Parametric or its affiliates will seek
to satisfy their fiduciary obligations to certain clients owning one class of securities of a particular issuer by
pursuing or enforcing rights on behalf of those clients with respect to such class of securities, and those
activities may have an adverse effect on another client, which owns a different class of securities of such
issuer. For example, if one client holds debt securities of an issuer and another client holds equity securities
of the same issuer, if the issuer experiences financial or operational challenges, Parametric or an affiliate
may seek a liquidation of the issuer on behalf of the client that holds the debt securities, whereas the client
holding the equity securities may benefit from a reorganization of the issuer. Thus, in such situations, the
actions taken on behalf of one client can negatively impact securities held by another client. Alternatively,
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for example, if a client owns a security while seeking short-term capital appreciation, Parametric could vote
proxies or engage with the issuer (as applicable) in pursuit of that goal, which could negatively impact a
client who holds the same security but is seeking long-term capital appreciation. The Firm has adopted
procedures pursuant to which conflicts of interest, including those resulting from the receipt of MNPI about
an issuer, are managed by Parametric employees through information barriers and other practices.
Parametric and its affiliates, from time to time, will pursue acquisitions of assets and businesses and identify
an investment opportunity in connection with its existing businesses or a new line of business without first
offering the opportunity to clients. Such an opportunity could include a business that competes with a client
or an investment fund or a co-investment in which a client has invested or proposes to invest.
From time to time, Parametric may be retained to manage assets on behalf of a client that is a public or
private company in which it has invested or may invest in on behalf of Parametric’s clients.
Valuation of Securities
Parametric utilizes third party pricing vendors when valuing securities and other investments. Parametric
may fair value a security in the event a current price is not available from an approved pricing source or if
Parametric elects, in its reasonable discretion, to override a price. A conflict of interest exists when
Parametric calculates fees based on securities it has set a fair value for as Parametric is incentivized to apply
a higher valuation. Parametric has adopted valuation policies and procedures which are designed to value
securities fairly, mitigating this conflict of interest.
General Process with Potential Conflicts
All of the transactions described above involve the potential for conflicts of interest between Parametric, its
related persons, and its clients. The Advisers Act, the 1940 Act and ERISA and other applicable law impose
certain requirements designed to decrease the possibility of conflicts of interest between an investment
adviser and its clients. In some cases, transactions may be permitted subject to fulfillment of certain
conditions. Certain other transactions may be prohibited. In addition, the Firm has implemented policies
and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from arising and, when they do arise, to ensure
that it effects transactions for clients in a manner that is consistent with its fiduciary duty to its clients and
in accordance with applicable law. Parametric seeks to ensure that potential or actual conflicts of interest
are appropriately resolved taking into consideration the overriding best interest of the client.
Parametric has adopted policies and procedures and established controls designed to require review of
transactions in which conflicts of interest may exist, including those described above, to ensure that
applicable policies and legal and regulatory requirements are followed.
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Item 12—Brokerage Practices
Unless otherwise agreed with a client, Parametric is generally assigned full investment authority and
discretion to purchase, sell or exchange client assets in accordance with the client’s specified investment
objective or strategy. Unless directed otherwise, Parametric is also authorized to select the broker-dealers
to be used to execute securities transactions on behalf of client accounts. The equity trading desk trades
primarily in equity securities, including stocks of issuers located in developed, emerging and frontier
markets, depository receipts, participatory notes, ETFs, CEFs and foreign currencies. The Firm’s equity
investment strategies frequently trade at market-on-close prices (as opposed to timing trading prices
throughout the trading day), and for retail clients frequently trades through the custodian the client
maintains its account at (as opposed to selecting individual brokers for specific trades). The Firm’s overlay
and derivatives strategies trade primarily in futures, equity and equity index put and call options, exchange-
traded funds, swaps, forwards and Treasury securities. The Firm’s fixed income strategies trade primarily in
corporate bonds, Treasury securities, preferred securities and municipal securities. In some cases, a client’s
portfolio is managed across multiple trading desk trading more than one asset class. It is not common that
one trading desk would compete with the others when implementing buy and sell transactions. Parametric
has established Best Execution Committees to monitor the trading across its asset classes. These committees
meet at least quarterly.
Best Execution
Parametric has a fiduciary obligation to act, at all times, in the best interest of its clients and to seek best
overall execution in client trading. The Firm generally has the authority to execute trades through any
broker-dealer, dealer and/or exchange it deems appropriate, and may negotiate commission and similar
fees and expenses. To guide investment personnel in seeking best execution, Parametric only uses brokers
or counterparties which have been pre-approved by the Firm’s Best Execution Committees. These
committees maintain respective approved broker lists which are reviewed annually and ad hoc if necessary.
Parametric does not consider the promotion or sale of mutual funds or other products affiliated with or
managed by Parametric or its affiliates when selecting brokers to execute client transactions. Parametric
carefully monitors and evaluates transaction costs and the quality of execution across all strategies and
client portfolios. Parametric utilizes the services of third-party service providers to assist with best executio n
analysis. Additionally, Parametric utilizes certain transaction information provided by electronic executio n
platforms and a third-party service provider for options executions to assist with best execution analysis. In
analyzing best overall execution, Parametric considers various factors, including but not limited to specific
market and trading impact, number of shares being traded, share price, trading costs, exchange costs, and
other material inputs. The nature of fixed income markets makes it more difficult to analyze best executio n
on a trade-by-trade basis, as fixed income securities often trade less frequently than securities such as
equities, and as described in the following paragraph, are frequently traded on a principal basis and not on
exchanges.
Parametric seeks to affect transactions at the price, commission and other relevant factors that provide the
most favorable total overall cost or proceeds reasonably attainable given the circumstances. Parametric may
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consider various factors when selecting a broker-dealer, including but not limited to: the nature of the
portfolio transaction; the size of the transaction; the client’s custodian, the execution, clearing and
settlement capabilities of the broker-dealer; the broker-dealer’s experience and ability to execute complex
trades; access to markets; the reputation, financial and credit strength and stability of the broker-dealer;
availability of alternative trading platforms; the desired timing of the transaction, and confidentiality.
Parametric tracks trade order volumes and commissions paid to approved brokers for use in evaluating the
Firm’s trading practices and for client reporting purposes. Fixed income trades are generally purchased from
the issuer or a broker-dealer, where each of these parties are acting as a principal on a net basis (e.g., the
spread between the bid and offer prices), so unlike with equity trades, brokerage commissions are
uncommon. Fixed income securities may also be purchased in public offerings from underwriters where
underwriting fees and commissions are included in the price or may also be purchased at a spread to a
reference benchmark security. In recent years, an increased volume of fixed income trading has moved to
electronic trading platforms or ATSs which may charge a fee for trades executed on such platform.
Many of Parametric’s investment management services involve some level of custom portfolio constructio n
and implementation. In such instances, account inception and subsequent trading activities e.g., (initia l
investment, portfolio rebalancing, redemption or contribution) are evaluated as unique scenarios.
Separately managed accounts do not follow the trading or regulatory conventions employed by or required
of mutual funds or ETFs. Parametric requires time to construct trades in client accounts and requires that
activities such as account inceptions, mandate changes, or cash flows be submitted by strategy specific
deadlines. Execution timing varies by strategy and the asset class in the client’s mandate. There are many
reasons why trades are delayed or extended, including complex scenarios or client requests, market activity
and liquidity, data verification, vendor issues, system issues and upgrades, etc. Due to the customized,
separately managed nature of the Firm’s portfolio management activities, Parametric’s strategies are not
suitable for market timing or price targeting activities. Parametric does not generally guarantee a specific
time period for processing and completion of onboarding accounts and may experience delays due to a
number of reasons, including but not limited to abnormal market conditions and heightened account
activity volume. Incomplete account opening details and/or not meeting funding criteria may also result in
longer onboarding timelines.
Cross Trades
Parametric has not historically pre-arranged the sale of a security from one client’s account managed by
Parametric or an affiliate to another client account managed by Parametric or an affiliate (Cross Trade).
When Parametric sends buy and sell orders on the same security to the market, it is possible these orders
could inadvertently cross or match up in the market; these transactions are not considered by Parametric
to be Cross Trades as Parametric does not pre-arrange these transactions. Separate from the agency cross
transactions described in Item 11, Parametric may in the future deem it advisable to enter into a Cross Trade.
Cross Trades present an inherent conflict of interest because Parametric (or an affiliate) acts on behalf of
both the selling and buying accounts in the same transaction. As a result, the use of Cross Trades could
result in more favorable treatment of one client over the other. Additionally, there is a risk that the price at
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which a Cross Trade is executed may not be as favorable as the price available in the open market. To
address these risks and conflicts, Parametric typically does not engage in Cross Trades between client
accounts. However, in the event that Parametric deems it to be the best interest of its clients and seeks to
facilitate a Cross Trade, it must be pre-approved by the Chief Compliance Officer. Parametric’s procedures
also require that consent be obtained in writing from both clients prior to the transaction and impose
subsequent reporting and disclosure obligations on the Firm. Parametric’s policy strictly prohibits Cross
Trades on behalf of an ERISA plan account. Parametric has adopted specific policies and procedures for
Cross Trades involving a mutual fund for which Parametric acts as a sub-adviser to ensure compliance with
Rule 17a-7 of the 1940 Act.
Soft Dollars
Parametric does not enter into soft dollar agreements to pay for research and does not otherwise allocate
brokerage commissions to pay for research or other products or services. Subject to Parametric’s duty to
seek best execution, Parametric will send trades to brokers that provide brokerage services that directly
relate to the execution of trades and satisfy the temporal standard under Section 28(e) of the 34 Act. These
brokerage services include the use of trading software used to route orders electronically to market centers
and the provision of fixed connections used to electronically effect securities transactions. These brokerage
services are provided at no cost to Parametric and are used for trading for any client, regardless of the
selection of broker. Parametric will only continue to use such services if it is satisfied that access to the
resources does not increase client costs directly or indirectly.
Client Directed Brokerage
Certain clients request that Parametric direct some or all trading activity to a single broker-dealer or group
of broker-dealers, including Affiliated Broker-Dealers, to accommodate an external agreement between
those parties or to comply with client investment guidelines. If a client decides to direct trading activity to
a broker-dealer and its brokerage is placed by Parametric, the client should first consider the following
information:
• Parametric has existing integrated trading and reporting systems with some broker-dealers which
could reduce the cost of transacting business with those broker-dealers.
• A client who directs Parametric to use a specific broker-dealer could pay higher commissions on
some transactions than might be attainable by Parametric, or may receive less favorable executio n
on some transactions, or both.
• A client who directs Parametric to use a specific broker-dealer could forego any benefit from
savings on execution costs that Parametric could obtain for its clients through negotiating volume
discounts on batched transactions.
• Parametric may not begin to execute client securities transactions with broker-dealers that have
been directed by clients until all non-directed brokerage orders are complete.
•
If the broker-dealer the client directs Parametric to use does not have access to new issue bonds
or is not able to source securities with limited liquidity, the client may not be able to participate in
investment opportunities available to other Parametric clients.
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• Clients directing brokerage may not generate returns equal to clients that do not direct brokerage.
Separate from directed brokerage, many brokerage firms have implemented zero commission trading or
brokerage is included in wrap fee programs. For accounts held at such firms, Parametric generally trades
more liquid security types (e.g. exchange traded equities or Treasuries) through such client’s custodian, as
trade-away fees charged by such firms generally exceed the benefits of any incremental price improvement
which could be obtained by trading with other counterparties. Parametric reserves the right to trade away
in cases where it deems best execution can be obtained elsewhere despite trade-away fees. For less liquid
security types, large block trades, or security types which trade with wider spreads Parametric can, at its
discretion, place orders for execution with other counterparties in accordance with the Firm’s best executio n
policies and procedures. In certain relationships, a wrap program sponsor will require Parametric to bear
the costs (e.g. commissions) of executing certain client transactions through broker-dealers other than the
wrap program sponsor. In such situations, Parametric is incentivized to direct trades to such wrap program
sponsor, potentially conflicting with Parametric’s duty to seek best execution. In such situations, Parametric
seeks to mitigate this conflict pursuant to Parametric’s best execution practices as described above.
FX Transactions
Portfolio transactions in foreign currencies or in overseas markets often involve foreign currency
transactions when settling trades, adding/removing unwanted currency exposure, or when converting or
repatriating dividends and proceeds from other corporate actions. Parametric generally executes foreign
exchange transactions for clients with approved counterparties. When executing these transactions for
clients, Parametric recognizes its responsibility to seek best execution for the portfolio and to pursue
favorable foreign exchange rates with broker-dealers. In some cases, such as when local laws require it, a
client’s custodian may be required to execute any foreign exchange transactions in a client’s account. In
such cases, or in situations where a client has instructed their custodian to execute foreign exchange
transactions, Parametric is not involved with the execution of a foreign exchange transaction and does not
monitor the client’s custodian to ensure the custodian obtains best execution.
Trade Aggregation and Allocation
Parametric will aggregate or execute “block” trades if, in Parametric’s reasonable judgment, such
aggregation may result in an overall economic benefit for participating clients’ accounts, taking into
consideration the more advantageous purchase or selling price, brokerage commissions, and the execution
capabilities of the selected broker-dealer. By aggregating trades for multiple client accounts into a larger,
single block order, Parametric ensures that participating client accounts receive the same execution price.
In addition, Parametric may be able to obtain a better execution price and more favorable trade executio n
for all participating client accounts.
Although certain client accounts are subject to directed brokerage requirements or trade-away limitations ,
Parametric can, at its discretion, conduct step-out transactions when it is deemed to be in a client’s best
interest. Parametric will “step-out” a trade when it places a trade order for one or more client accounts with
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a broker-dealer who executes the trade and then steps-out portions of the trade to the applicable directed
broker-dealer(s) for clearance and settlement. In certain cases, the executing broker-dealer will receive
commissions from the participating discretionary client accounts but will not receive commissions from
participating directed brokerage accounts. Clients could be charged additional fees by their directed broker
when a step-out order is placed with another broker. There are also instances where Parametric will execute
a step-out transaction on a net basis, whereby the negotiated price is marked up or marked down to
compensate the executing broker-dealer for
its services. Although mark-ups/mark-downs may
independently be more costly to the client in terms of commissions, Parametric believes that the selected
broker-dealer being paid for these additional services offers the best combination of price and cost-
execution. That is, the combination of directed brokerage and discretionary accounts in one block order
benefits all participating accounts because concentrating the execution of the orders with one broker-dealer
can result in a better overall price and execution for all participating accounts. Step-out transactions are
conducted more frequently for certain strategies that invest in security types such as fixed income or closed
end fund, which are less liquid. The Enhanced Income strategies, which invest primarily in less liquid closed-
end funds, consistently step-out trades on behalf of clients.
In the event that trade allocation is required, trade allocation policies are designed to ensure fair and
equitable allocation of investment opportunities among accounts over time and to ensure compliance with
applicable regulatory requirements. Accounts are treated in a non-preferential manner, such that allocations
are not based upon account performance, fee structure or the portfolio manager. The policies do not
provide or require mathematical precision in all instances.
The trade allocation process across Parametric’s offices is automated within the Firm’s order management
systems. When an aggregated order is completed in its entirety, the order will then be allocated to accounts
in accordance with the preliminary allocation schedule. For certain securities and derivatives which may
have liquidity or other trading limitations, it may be necessary to place the order before setting the
allocation among the participating accounts. In such instances, the allocation will be completed as soon as
reasonably possible after execution. In any event, allocations must be placed or defined no later than the
end of the trading day. Fully executed orders will receive the average price obtained in the trades. Partially
filled orders will be allocated pro rata based on the original predetermined allocation, on an average price
basis, subject to certain limited exceptions. If the allocation is de minimis (i.e., disproportionately small in
relation to the size of the account or strategy), the allocation may be reallocated to other participating
accounts which remain unfilled. There may be situations involving certain trades where non-pro-rata trade
allocations occur due to the presence of fractional shares, limited liquidity or market rules. Records shall be
kept by traders and/or portfolio managers supporting the reason for any such reallocation. Fixed income
investment personnel utilize proprietary models and third parties’ tools to assist in the allocation process,
but the investment groups retain discretion to allocate in compliance with such group’s policies and
procedures governing allocation. If the availability of bonds is not sufficient to create meaningful positions
in all client accounts eligible to participate, and to avoid creating odd-lots which may encounter future
liquidity problems, Parametric may choose to allocate to a limited number of clients, taking into account
factors such as the cash holdings of accounts, the impact to the account’s weighted average duration as
compared to similar client accounts within the same composite, or other account specific considerations.
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As discussed in Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management, Parametric is incentivized
to favor certain accounts (e.g., larger accounts/relationships, or higher fee-paying accounts) when allocating
investment opportunities. Parametric believes that the policies and procedures discussed above are
designed to mitigate these conflicts of interest by requiring all clients are treated fairly and equitably over
time.
Trade Rotation
As disclosed above, Parametric is subject to several client directed-brokerage arrangements or trade-away
limitations. As such, Parametric regularly transmits trade orders for the same securities to multiple “non-
discretionary” brokers. Parametric aggregates trade orders and generally transmits them to these brokers
at the same time so that no client account or set of accounts is favored over another. However, for those
management relationships that require Parametric to submit orders over their preferred or proprietary
trading systems, Parametric will regularly submit the orders earlier than orders that will be routed over the
Firm’s execution management system. The Parametric equity trading desk has adopted trade rotation
procedures for those occasions when the transmission of multiple, competing orders into the marketplace
will be harmful to participating clients. The price of less liquid securities and certain types of securities, such
as ADRs and non-exchange traded securities, can be materially impacted by a large increase in order
volume. These procedures are designed to ensure that participating client accounts are treated fairly and
equitably over time. When it is deemed necessary, equity trading desk will transmit trade orders to multiple
brokers following a randomly generated rotation schedule. By staggering the release of competing orders
into the market, Parametric will attempt to limit the impact on the execution price of the securities.
Parametric trade rotation procedures are generally applicable to equity securities only. Parametric has
implemented procedures that are designed to ensure that participating client accounts trading fixed income
securities, derivatives and other financial instruments are treated fairly and equitably over time. As such,
Parametric investment personnel follow their respective trade allocation and aggregation procedures when
trading non-equity securities.
Model Rotation
Parametric has entered into agreements with third parties under which Parametric’s advisory services are
limited to the regular provision of a model portfolio to the third party. The third party is responsible for
implementation of the model, including the purchase and sale of securities in client accounts. Parametric
also manages fully discretionary client portfolios using these models. In accordance with its policy to treat
all clients fairly and equitably over time, Parametric has implemented procedures whereby Parametric
rotates the order in which each model is delivered to the third party and traded internally on behalf of
Parametric’s clients. By rotating the order in which the model is delivered or traded, Parametric seeks to
ensure neither clients utilizing the model nor clients for which Parametric is executing trades are
systematically disadvantaged over time.
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Wrap Accounts
Parametric serves as an investment manager to separate accounts in various wrap fee programs. While
Parametric may have discretion to select broker-dealers other than the wrap program sponsor to execute
trades for wrap accounts in a particular program, equity and options trades are generally executed through
the financial institution sponsoring the wrap program, while fixed income trades are frequently executed
away from the financial institution sponsoring the wrap program. A wrap program sponsor may instruct
Parametric not to execute transactions on behalf of the wrap accounts in that program with certain broker-
dealers. When a sponsor restricts Parametric in this way, it may affect Parametric’s ability to negotiate
favorable commission rates or volume discounts, the availability of certain spreads, and the timeliness of
execution. This may consequently result in a less advantageous price being realized by the account.
Parametric endeavors to treat all wrap accounts fairly and equitably over time in the execution of client
orders. Depending on various factors, such as the size of the order and the type and availability of a security,
orders for wrap accounts may be executed throughout the day. When orders are placed with broker-dealers,
such trades may experience sequencing delays and market impact costs. When the trading desks deem it
appropriate, trades for wrap accounts may be rotated in accordance with Parametric’s trade rotation policy
to treat all clients fairly and equitably over time.
Fractional Shares
Parametric offers strategies that utilize fractional shares to construct a client’s portfolio. These strategies are
only available at our affiliate MSSB at this time. By utilizing fractional shares, a client’s portfolio can achieve
greater diversification as the portfolio can hold more individual equity positions, among other potential
benefits. Fractional share transactions will be routed to MSSB for execution. Parametric will utilize its
standard trading practices when sending fractional share orders to MSSB, but fractional share transactions
are executed differently than whole shares. As such, a client whose account trades in fractional shares should
consult MSSB’s disclosures for more information about MSSB’s execution of fractional share transactions.
Counterparties
Parametric enters into agreements and/or arrangements with financial intermediaries (including broker-
dealers) for certain trading in client portfolios. To assess counterparty risk, Parametric and its affiliates
conduct initial due diligence on the counterparty prior to the execution of the trading agreement and
continue monitoring each financial counterparty on a periodic basis. Trading swaps, forwards, certain
participatory notes, and similar transactions with counterparties involve greater counterparty risk than
executing trades through a registered exchange or trades done on a delivery-versus-payment (DVP) basis.
Parametric will conduct additional monitoring of the credit worthiness of non-DVP counterparties by
referencing available metrics such as credit ratings and credit default spreads amongst other readily
available factors. Parametric attempts to reduce the risk of non-performance or default by counterparties
by dealing primarily with established, well-financed organizations that continually demonstrate
creditworthiness. Clients can instruct Parametric to utilize a counterparty not otherwise approved through
Parametric’s counterparty oversight processes.
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Trade Errors
On occasion, Parametric, a broker-dealer, or a third party will make an error when ordering, executing, or
settling a securities transaction on behalf of a client account. In accordance with its fiduciary obligation to
each client, when a trade error is the fault of Parametric, Parametric will seek to correct trade errors
promptly, fairly, and consistently. Parametric will not correct an error in a manner which favors one client at
the expense of another client. Parametric will reimburse a client for a loss resulting from a Parametric error
or subsequent Parametric actions taken to correct the error in the client’s account. If an erroneous trade
settles in a client account and results in a gain, it will be retained by the client unless the client elects to
decline it; any gain declined by a client will be donated to charity. Parametric has established error accounts
with certain brokers and custodians for the sole purpose of correcting trade errors. Each such account is
maintained subject to the terms and conditions set by the broker or custodian including the treatment of
gains and losses which may be netted on a periodic basis. Any securities acquired by an error account during
the trade correction process are promptly disposed of. Brokerage commissions from client transactions will
not be used to correct trade errors or compensate broker-dealers for erroneous trades.
Parametric will determine the amount of compensation payable to a client following a trade error in good
faith based on the facts and circumstances of each event. Parametric will, in certain situations, use the
performance of comparable investments, benchmarks, or other market factors when calculating losses.
Parametric will generally only compensate a client for direct and actual losses. Parametric does not generally
compensate for speculative, consequential, or indirect impacts to a client, including, but not limited to, tax
implications or lost opportunity costs. Parametric has implemented a de minimis threshold for errors. Trade
errors resulting in a loss of less than $25 would generally not be compensated. For certain relationships,
Parametric relies on a client or intermediary’s procedures for calculating and reimbursing errors. Finally, at
its sole discretion, Parametric will in very limited instances compensate clients for events that do not
constitute an error.
Certain trade errors create a conflict of interest when Parametric is responsible for calculating the gain or
loss to a client account. When Parametric must reimburse a client for a loss, Parametric is incentivized to
calculate the loss in a manner which would minimize such loss. To mitigate this risk, Parametric will notify
the client or their adviser of the error and offer to provide the analysis conducted to determine the reported
loss. Clients can be reimbursed directly via check or wire transfer or, in certain instances, by Parametric
waiving fees.
Item 13—Review of Accounts
Each client account is managed by a primary portfolio manager or, for certain strategies, a team of portfolio
managers. Client accounts are continually reviewed by our investment systems, portfolio managers and/or
other investment management personnel on a regular basis. The frequency and nature of such reviews will
vary based upon an account’s investment strategy, portfolio structure, investment guidelines, size and
complexity. When reviewing client accounts, portfolio managers generally consider account and benchmark
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performance, sector and asset allocation, portfolio holdings data, and other factors. Reviews may occur
more frequently when political events or economic conditions warrant closer oversight. Additional reviews
may be triggered by numerous factors, such as: changes to an index or model portfolio that an account is
benchmarked against; significant price or interest rate changes; new economic forecasts; investment policy
changes; material cash contributions or withdrawals from an account; changes in a client’s objectives,
instructions, or circumstances. In addition to portfolio manager oversight, portfolio surveillance and
compliance personnel review and monitor accounts to verify compliance with client investment guidelines
and restrictions. Accounts are also reviewed on an exception basis at periodic strategy-specific investment
committee meetings led by the Firm’s Chief Investment Officer and/or the committee chairperson. These
committees are composed of portfolio managers and other investment personnel from trading, investment
strategy, research and portfolio surveillance, among others. The purpose of these meetings is to review and
discuss the performance of the department’s investment strategies, analyze recent market events, consider
potential strategy changes, and discuss other matters affecting client performance. Parametric has also
established Best Execution, Proxy Voting, and Valuation Committees that monitor and oversee specific
advisory functions performed on behalf of client accounts (e.g., trading, proxy voting and making fair value
determinations).
Client Reports
Parametric provides written reports to clients on at least a quarterly basis. These reports are primarily
accessible to clients via a secure web portal, or for certain relationships are delivered by mail or electronically
by email. The frequency of reports and method of their delivery vary from client to client. The content of
reports will vary based on the portfolio’s investment strategy. For equity and fixed income accounts, reports
generally consist of an account valuation combined with both a pre- and post-tax performance summary
and analysis (when applicable). For overlay and derivatives accounts, reports generally detail current
holdings, cash activities, portfolio transactions as well as performance. The assets under management,
portfolio holdings and performance reported are taken from the Firm’s internal accounting systems. As
such, they may differ from a client’s official custodial record due to pending portfolio activities such as
contributions and redemptions, pending reconciliations, pricing sources, and fair-valued securities. This is
particularly true when such activities are pending at or near the end of a performance period. Clients are
encouraged to carefully review and compare the official custodial records with the various data and
performance statistics reported by Parametric. Reporting to clients in certain relationships such as sub-
advisory or wrap fee programs where Parametric is the sub-adviser is commonly provided by the program
sponsor; content will vary by program and in such situations Parametric will generally not provide reporting
directly to clients. Upon request, Parametric can provide additional reporting to clients which can include a
detailed inventory of all holdings, a transaction summary, a listing of all dividend and income payments
received, and a realized gain and loss report. Reports provided by Parametric are not audited and may differ
from statements provided by client custodians. Clients may choose to not receive a statement from
Parametric and rely on quarterly statements from their qualified custodian. Certain financial intermediaries
may provide reporting on Parametric accounts in addition to, or instead of Parametric reports.
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Item 14—Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Parametric has entered into revenue sharing and mutual solicitation agreements with certain affiliates, with
regard to certain investment products or services that are jointly marketed and promoted. Under such
agreements, in certain circumstances, Parametric receives from or pays to the affiliate a portion of the
advisory fee received. Clients do not pay higher advisory fees to compensate for any payments made
pursuant to these agreements. Parametric has written arrangements with sales personnel that detail
incentive-based compensation to be paid in connection with the sale of Parametric’s investment products
and services. Certain Parametric employees are eligible to receive compensation from affiliates for
promoting affiliate sponsored funds and strategies.
Parametric has engaged certain third parties to solicit business on its behalf. Solicitors are paid a portion of
the investment advisory fee charged by Parametric to the solicited client. All solicitation fees paid to a
solicitor are paid pursuant to a written agreement between Parametric and the solicitor. Pursuant to Rule
206(4)-1 of the Advisers Act, Parametric will enter into solicitation arrangements only if written agreements
are in place, and all parties are in full compliance with all requirements under the Advisers Act. A written
disclosure document, which details the terms of the compensation arrangement between Parametric and
the solicitor as well as administrative proceedings and disciplinary events involving the solicitor, if any, will
be provided to any solicited client. In addition, as described above, both Parametric and a Research Provider
may co-market the availability of Custom Active strategies, with each promoting its own services. Parametric
pays the Research Provider for its model portfolios, and Parametric does not view the Research Provider as
being compensated for any co-marketing activities.
Item 15—Custody
In connection with the management of PPA Private Funds, Parametric is deemed to have custody of client
assets under Rule 206(4)-2 under the Advisers Act (Custody Rule). Each Fund has contracted with a qualified
custodian to maintain its assets. The annual financial statements of the PPA Private Funds are audited by an
independent public accountant registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board as
required by the Custody Rule.
Parametric is also deemed to have custody of client assets in situations where it can deduct advisory fees.
Parametric has a reasonable basis to believe such accounts receive a custodian statement on at least a
quarterly basis, as required by the Custody Rule.
Client assets are maintained by qualified custodians. In the event a Parametric client maintains their assets
at MSSB or another affiliate Parametric will generally be deemed to have “custody” of the funds and
securities held in such accounts as well and will comply with the applicable requirements under the Advisers
Act.
Certain separate account clients’ agreements with third party custodians, of which Parametric is not a party
to, may grant Parametric powers which may be interpreted as granting Parametric custody over the clients’
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assets. Parametric expressly disclaims and rejects such authority in order to avoid being deemed to have
custody over such assets.
Clients generally receive quarterly statements from the broker-dealer, bank or other qualified custodian
that holds and maintains custody of the specified client assets. Clients are encouraged to carefully review
such statements and to compare such official custodial records to the quarterly performance summaries
that Parametric may provide to clients or their advisors. Parametric summaries may vary from custodial
statements based on different accounting procedures, reporting dates, or valuation methodologies for
certain securities.
Item 16—Investment Discretion
Parametric generally receives full discretionary authority from the client during the onset of the advisory
relationship to select the identity and quantity of securities to be bought or sold. In all cases, however, such
discretion is to be exercised in a manner consistent with the stated investment objectives for the particular
client account. Investment guidelines and restrictions must be provided to Parametric in writing. Subject to
contractual agreement, certain clients grant Parametric the authority to enter into counterparty agreements
(i.e. derivative or clearing agreements) on behalf of such client.
When selecting securities and determining amounts, Parametric observes the investment policies,
limitations and restrictions of the clients it advises. For registered pooled investment vehicles, Parametric’s
authority to trade securities may also be limited by certain federal or country-specific securities and tax laws
that require diversification of investments and favor the holding of investments made for a fund account.
Certain client relationships are considered non-discretionary. In these cases, Parametric provides advisory
services to the client, but may not execute transactions unless such transaction is approved and/or
instructed by the client.
Class Actions and Other Legal Proceedings
Parametric clients frequently receive notices of class action litigation, bankruptcy proceedings, settlements ,
or other legal actions (Legal Actions) involving a security held in their portfolios. Legal Actions provide the
client the opportunity, as an investor, to participate in the proposed litigation or the settlement of claims.
The responsibility and authority for responding to Legal Actions rest with the client or a party appointed by
the client (e.g., custodian). Except in limited situations (i.e., a PPA Private Fund). Parametric will not act on
behalf of a client in a Legal Action and Parametric does not provide legal advice. Parametric’s responsibilities
are limited to the provision of investment advisory services as documented in the investment management
agreement between Parametric and each client. Clients are strongly urged to consult with appropriate legal
or other counsel before evaluating, responding to and participating in any Legal Action.
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Item 17—Voting Client Securities
Parametric is frequently delegated authority to vote proxies on behalf of clients, particularly in equity
strategies offered by Parametric. Fixed income, overlay, and options-based strategies generally do not
require proxy voting, but Parametric can have the authority to vote proxies for clients in these strategies in
the event a proxy vote is required. Parametric has adopted and implemented proxy voting policies and
procedures (Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures) that govern proxy voting on behalf of clients for whom
Parametric has voting responsibility. These policies and procedures are intended to ensure Parametric votes
proxies in the best interest of its clients, that Parametric complies with Rule 206(4)-6, and fulfills its fiduciary
obligations to its clients. Additionally, the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures are intended to reflect the
fiduciary standards and responsibilities set forth by the Department of Labor for ERISA accounts.
It is Parametric’s policy to vote proxies in a prudent and diligent manner. Parametric bases its voting decision
on its reasonable judgment of what will serve the best financial interests of its clients, the beneficial owners
of the security. If deemed necessary, Parametric may consider research and guidance issued by a third-party
proxy service provider when making a vote determination. In determining its vote, Parametric will not and
does not subordinate the economic interests of its clients to any other entity or interested party. To ensure
that Parametric votes proxies consistently with this policy, Parametric has established predetermined proxy
voting guidelines (the Guidelines), which are contained within the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures.
The Guidelines are set and annually reviewed by the Firm’s Proxy Voting Committee (the Committee).
The responsibility for voting proxies on behalf of a client account is typically assigned to Parametric in the
investment management agreement or other documentation. Once Parametric has agreed to vote proxies
on behalf of a client account, the client or its financial adviser will instruct the client’s custodian to forward
all proxy materials to Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS), a proxy voting service provider currently
engaged by Parametric to administer proxy voting. Parametric currently utilizes ISS’s ProxyExchange tool to
manage, track and vote proxies in an accurate and timely manner.
For those clients for whom Parametric has undertaken the responsibility to vote proxies, Parametric will
retain final authority and responsibility for such voting provided that Parametric receives all necessary proxy
materials from clients’ custodian(s). In general, Parametric will not accept instructions from a client as how
to vote a proxy. In addition to voting proxies, Parametric will:
•
Provide clients with the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures upon request, which may be updated
and supplemented from time to time.
•
Apply the policy consistently and keep records of votes for each client to verify the consistency of
such voting.
•
Keep records of such proxy voting available for inspection by the client or governmental agencies
to determine whether such votes were consistent with policy and demonstrate that Parametric
voted all proxies and
• Maintain procedures to vote meetings of issuers that may present potential conflicts of interest
appropriately.
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Parametric’s proxy voting is administered daily by Proxy Voting Coordinators, who are members of the
Investment Strategy department. The Proxy Voting Coordinators are responsible for ensuring that proxies
are received and voted in accordance with the Guidelines. The Director of Responsible Investing or his/her
delegate (the Director) will actively review research and guidance issued by third party proxy voting analysts
regarding upcoming shareholder meetings. The Director may provide guidance to the Proxy Voting
Coordinator regarding the Guidelines and how they apply to a specific ballot. If a proxy ballot item is
received which is not addressed by the Guidelines, the Director will forward the proxy to the Committee for
its determination as to how to vote the proxy in the client’s best interest. The Committee may recommend
to refrain from voting a ballot if the economic effect on shareholders’ interests or the value of the portfolio
holding is indeterminable or insignificant (e.g., proxies in connection with securities no longer held in the
portfolio of a client or proxies being considered on behalf of a client no longer in existence); or the costs of
voting a proxy outweighs the benefits ( e.g., certain international proxies, particularly in cases in which share
blocking practices may impose trading restrictions on the relevant portfolio security). In such instances, the
Proxy Voting Coordinators may choose not to vote such proxy.
In addition to Parametric’s formal proxy voting policy, Parametric may choose to engage with issuers in a
manner that is consistent with its role as a long-term investor and its fiduciary obligations.
Proxy Voting Committee
Parametric has established the Committee, which meets on a quarterly basis to oversee and monitor the
Firm’s proxy voting practices. The Committee is comprised of senior managers representing Compliance,
Investment Strategy, Research, and Portfolio Management. The Committee is responsible for making voting
determinations for ballot items that are not addressed by the Guidelines. When doing so, the Committee
may consider research and guidance issued by third party proxy service providers. In general, Parametric
will not accept instruction from a client on how to vote a proxy. On an annual basis, the Committee will
review the Guidelines to ensure they are current, appropriate, and designed to serve the best interests of
clients.
Calvert Research and Management (CRM)
For certain private funds and client accounts benchmarked against a CRM index or invested in a CRM
investment strategy, Parametric has determined that, unless otherwise instructed, proxies for issuers held
in client portfolios benchmarked against a CRM index or invested in a CRM strategy will be voted in
accordance with CRM’s proxy voting guidelines. Under this arrangement, CRM is responsible for submitting
any such proxy votes. It is possible that a proxy may be voted differently under CRM’s guidelines than it
would have been under Parametric’s guidelines. Parametric will conduct ongoing due diligence to ensure
CRM votes proxies in accordance with CRM’s proxy voting guidelines. CRM’s ADV Part 2A, which contains
a summary of CRM’s proxy voting policy and procedures, is available at https://adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Parametric will provide a copy of CRM’s proxy voting policy upon client request.
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Proxy Advisor Due Diligence
Parametric may deem it to be in a client’s best interest to engage a third party to research and/or vote a
client’s proxies. In all such cases, Parametric will exercise due diligence to ensure that the third-party firm
can make recommendations and/or vote proxies in an impartial manner and in the best interest of the client.
This evaluation will consider the proxy voting firm’s business and conflict of interest procedures, and confirm
such procedures appropriately address the firm’s conflicts. On an annual basis, Parametric will evaluate the
performance of any third-party proxy-voting firm and consider if business changes or other factors have
impacted their ability to vote proxies objectively.
Conflicts of Interest
Parametric is part of Morgan Stanley Investment Management, which is part of Morgan Stanley, a global
financial services group, and, as such, Parametric faces potential conflicts due to the role of other Morgan
Stanley divisions which may have commercial relationships with companies in which Parametric may invest.
Such potential conflicts of interest involving divisions of Morgan Stanley outside MSIM are managed
through the operation of various policies and procedures, including (among others) those creating and
enforcing information barriers between MSIM and other Morgan Stanley divisions.
Parametric has also enacted policies and procedures to address potential conflicts resulting from its own
commercial or other relationships and to manage conflicts of interests so that proxies are voted in the best
interests of its clients. Proxy voting is overseen by the Proxy Voting Committee which does not include
individuals whose primary duties relate to client relations, sales, or marketing.
Where proxies are voted in accordance with the Parametric policy, no material conflict of interest will be
deemed to exist. In situations where a proxy proposal is not addressed by the policy, Parametric may
convene a special committee to determine how the proxy should be voted in the best interests of clients.
PPA also faces potential conflicts of interest when voting proxies of its parent company Morgan Stanley. In
such situations, PPA will seek to vote its shares in the same proportion as other holders of Morgan Stanley’s
shares (“echo vote”).
Record Keeping
Proxy voting records are maintained for seven years. Records can be retrieved and accessed online by
Parametric via a third-party vendor.
In addition to maintaining voting records, Parametric maintains the following:
• Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
• All written client requests as they relate to proxy voting.
• Any material research or other documentation related to proxy voting.
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To Obtain Proxy Voting Information
Clients have the right to access any proxy voting activity taken on their behalf. Upon written request, this
information will be provided free of charge.
• Phone number (you may place a collect call if you wish): 206 594 5542.
•
E-mail address: ppaproxyinfo@parametricportfolio.com
To maintain confidentiality, Parametric will not provide voting records to any third party unless authorized
by the client in writing.
Item 18—Financial Information
Registered investment advisers are required in this item to provide certain financial information or
disclosures about their financial condition. Parametric has no financial commitments that impair its ability
to meet its contractual and fiduciary commitments to clients and has not been the subject of any bankruptcy
proceedings.
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U.S. Customer Privacy Notice
March 2025
FACTS
WHAT DOES PARAMETRIC DO WITH YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION?
Why?
Financial companies choose how they share your personal information. Federal law gives consumers
the right to limit some but not all sharing. Federal law also requires us to tell you how we collect, share,
and protect your personal information. Please read this notice carefully to understand what we do.
The types of personal information we collect and share depend on the product or service you have with
us. This information can include:
What?
Investment experience and risk tolerance
▪ Social Security number and income
▪
▪ Checking account information and wire transfer instructions
How?
All financial companies need to share customers’ personal information to run their everyday business. In
the section below, we list the reasons financial companies can share their customers’ personal
information; the reasons Parametric chooses to share; and whether you can limit this sharing.
Reasons we can share your personal information
Can you limit this sharing?
Does Parametric
share?
Yes
No
For our everyday business purposes— such as to process
your transactions, maintain your account(s), respond to court
orders and legal investigations, or report to credit bureaus
Yes
No
For our marketing purposes— to offer our products and
services to you
For joint marketing with other financial companies
No
We don’t share
Yes
No*
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes— information
about your transactions and experiences
Yes
Yes*
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes— information
about your creditworthiness
For our affiliates to market to you
Yes
Yes*
For nonaffiliates to market to you
No
We don’t share
Call toll-free: (844) 312-6327 or email: msimprivacy@morganstanley.com. Please include your
name, address, and first three digits (and only the first three digits) of your account number in the
email. If we serve you through an investment professional, please contact them directly. Specific
Internet addresses, mailing addresses, and telephone numbers are listed on your statements and
other correspondence.
To limit our
sharing
PLEASE NOTE: If you are a new customer, we can begin sharing your information 30 days from the
date we sent this notice. When you are no longer our customer, we continue to share your information
as described in this notice. However, you can contact us at any time to limit our sharing.
Questions?
Call toll-free: (844) 312-6327 or email: msimprivacy@morganstanley.com
Who we are
Who is providing this notice?
Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC and our investment management affiliates
(“Parametric”) (see Affiliates definition below.)
What we Do
How does Parametric protect
my personal information?
To protect your personal information from unauthorized access and use, we use
security measures that comply with federal law. These measures include computer
safeguards and secured files and buildings. We have policies governing the proper
handling of customer information by personnel and requiring third parties that
provide support to adhere to appropriate security standards with respect to such
information.
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U.S. Customer Privacy Notice
March 2025
We collect your personal information, for example, when you
▪ open an account or make deposits or withdrawals from your account
▪ buy securities from us or make a wire transfer
▪ give us your contact information
How does Parametric collect
my personal information?
We also collect your personal information from others, such as credit bureaus, affiliates,
or other companies.
Federal law gives you the right to limit only
▪
sharing for affiliates’ everyday business purposes—information about
your creditworthiness
Why can’t I limit all sharing?
▪ affiliates from using your information to market to you
▪
sharing for nonaffiliates to market to you
State laws and individual companies may give you additional rights to limit sharing.
(See below for more on your rights under state law.)
Your choices will apply to everyone on your account.
What happens when I limit
sharing for an account I hold
jointly with someone else?
Definitions
Companies related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and
nonfinancial companies.
Affiliates
▪ Our affiliates include registered investment advisers such as Eaton Vance
Management, Eaton Vance Advisers International Ltd., Boston Management
and Research, Calvert Research and Management, Atlanta Capital
Management Company LLC, Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc.,
Morgan Stanley Investment Management Co.; registered broker-dealers such
as Morgan Stanley Distribution, Inc. and Eaton Vance Distributors, Inc.
(together, the “Investment Management Affiliates”); and companies with a
Morgan Stanley name and financial companies such as Morgan Stanley Smith
Barney LLC and Morgan Stanley & Co. (the “Morgan Stanley Affiliates”).
Nonaffiliates
Companies not related by common ownership or control. They can be financial
and nonfinancial companies.
▪ Parametric does not share with nonaffiliates so they can market to you.
Joint marketing
A formal agreement between nonaffiliated financial companies that together
market financial products or services to you.
▪ Parametric does not jointly market.
Other Important Information
* PLEASE NOTE: Parametric does not share your creditworthiness information or your transactions
and experiences information with the Morgan Stanley Affiliates, nor does Parametric enable the
Morgan Stanley Affiliates to market to you. Your opt outs will prevent Parametric from sharing your
creditworthiness information with the Investment Management Affiliates and will prevent the
Investment Management Affiliates from marketing their products to you.
Vermont: Except as permitted by law, we will not share personal information we collect about Vermont residents
with Nonaffiliates unless you provide us with your written consent to share such information.
California: Except as permitted by law, we will not share personal information we collect about California residents
with Nonaffiliates and we will limit sharing such personal information with our Affiliates to comply with California
privacy laws that apply to us.
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