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CLIENT BROCHURE
PENOBSCOT INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CO., INC.
Form ADV Part 2A
155 Federal St., Suite 1602
Boston, MA 02210
(617) 227-3111
www.pimboston.com
March 23, 2026
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Penobscot
Investment Management Co., Inc. For questions about the contents of this brochure, please call
617-227-3111. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United
States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about Penobscot Investment Management Co., Inc. is available on the
SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Penobscot Investment Management Co., Inc. is a registered investment adviser with the
Securities and Exchange Commission; however, that registration does not imply a certain level of
skill or training.
Item 2 – Material Changes
This Item of the brochure discusses material changes that have been made to the brochure since
the Firm’s last annual update. The last update was in March 2025, and there have been no
material changes to the brochure since then.
We shall provide you with a Summary of Material Changes made to this brochure annually at no
cost. You may request a copy of this brochure at any time by contacting us at 617-227-3111.
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Item 3 - Table of Contents
Item 1 – Cover Page ................................................................................................................. 1
Item 2 – Material Changes ........................................................................................................ 2
Item 3 – Table of Contents ........................................................................................................ 3
Item 4 – Advisory Business ....................................................................................................... 4
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation ............................................................................................. 4
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management .......................................... 5
Item 7 – Types of Clients .......................................................................................................... 5
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ..................................... 5
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information ............................................................................................... 6
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations........................................................ 6
Item 11 – Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading . 6
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices .................................................................................................... 7
Item 13 – Review of Accounts ..................................................................................................... 8
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation ................................................................... 9
Item 15 – Custody ..................................................................................................................... 10
Item 16 – Investment Discretion ................................................................................................ 11
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities ............................................................................................. 11
Item 18 – Financial Information ................................................................................................. 12
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Item 4 – Advisory Business
Penobscot Investment Management Co., Inc. (“Penobscot” or the “Firm”) provides investment
management services to individuals, trusts, pension and profit-sharing plans, estates, charitable
organizations and corporations. The firm was founded in 1988 by Eugene H. Clapp III and
Douglas E. Hart. Penobscot is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as
required by the Investment Advisors Act of 1940.
Penobscot’s goal for clients is long-term capital appreciation and income growth in broadly
diversified portfolios. Portfolios are managed with careful consideration to each client’s current
and future needs and goals and are reviewed on an on-going basis.
The Firm typically invests in securities issued by leading companies with substantial financial
strength including relatively steady revenue, earnings and dividend growth. Penobscot may
invest in companies that do not pay dividends when such companies demonstrate substantial
financial strength including relatively steady revenue, earnings and prospects for growth. Other
measures of importance are relatively low multiples of security price to book value and earnings,
modest debt levels and above average profit margins. Clients may impose restrictions on
investing in certain securities or types of securities. At a client’s request, environmental, social
and governance (ESG) issues may be considered.
Penobscot does not participate in a wrap fee program.
Amount of Assets We Manage
As of December 31, 2025, Penobscot managed $1,630,994,044 on a discretionary basis and
$4,031,651on a non-discretionary basis.
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation
Penobscot’s fees are charged quarterly based on the market value of the assets under
management at the close of the quarter. Fees are charged in arrears.
Standard Fee
Annual Management Fee
1.00%
.80%
.60%
Assets Under Management
$0 - $1,000,000.00
$1,000,000.01 -
$1,999,999.99
$2,000,000.00 and above
When Penobscot Serves as Trustee
Annual Management Fee
1.25%
1.05%
.85%
Assets Under Management
$0 - $1,000,000.00
$1,000,000.01 -
$1,999,999.99
$2,000,000.00 and above
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Negotiability of Fees
In certain circumstances, Penobscot’s fees are negotiable.
Payment of Fees
Clients may elect to have fees deducted from their accounts or to have Penobscot bill them
directly. Penobscot does not require clients to pay fees in advance.
Other Fees
All fees paid to Penobscot for investment advisory services are separate and distinct from the
fees and expenses charged by mutual funds and exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) to their
shareholders. These fees and expenses are described in each fund’s prospectus and will
generally include a management fee, other fund expenses, and a possible distribution fee for
mutual funds.
Additionally, clients have the option to purchase investment products that Penobscot
recommends through other brokers or agents that are not affiliated with Penobscot. If clients
choose this option, it is possible that the client will incur an additional fee. Currently most
custodians don’t charge brokerage fees, but that could change at any time.
Penobscot does not accept compensation for the sale of securities or other investment products,
including asset-based sales charges or service fees from the sale of mutual funds.
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Penobscot does not charge performance-based fees.
Item 7 – Types of Clients
Penobscot provides investment management services to individuals, trusts, pension and profit-
sharing plans, estates, charitable organizations and corporations. Penobscot does not impose a
minimum dollar amount or other conditions for opening or maintaining an account.
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
Penobscot seeks to understand clients’ unique needs and to meet their investment objectives.
Penobscot meets those objectives by allocating assets appropriately across asset classes
(stocks, bonds, and cash). The securities chosen are typically issued by leading companies with
substantial financial strength.
At the core of Penobscot’s investment strategy is an ongoing review of dividend-paying
companies with a demonstrated commitment to growing dividends at an above-average rate.
Penobscot may invest in companies that do not pay dividends when such companies demonstrate
substantial financial strength including relatively steady revenue, earnings and prospects for
growth. Additionally, the Firm employs an ESG screening tool to review a company’s
environmental, social and governance (ESG) attributes to gain an understanding of how they are
integrated into corporate strategy and might impact financial strength and performance.
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Penobscot is primarily a diversified equity investor; however, during periods when Penobscot
believes equities are over-valued, it will place more emphasis on cash and fixed income
securities. Penobscot avoids buying securities on margin and engaging in short selling or option
trading unless otherwise requested by the client.
Risk of Loss
Investment in all securities involves risk, and it is important that clients and prospective clients
understand that just as their investments can experience gain, they can also experience loss.
The value of stocks and bonds and the income derived rise and fall and investors might not recoup
the original amount invested. An investment can be affected by changes in regulation, tax laws,
international, political and economic developments, and government, economic or monetary
policies. Penobscot cannot guarantee any level of performance and cannot guarantee that client
accounts will not experience a loss in value.
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information
None of Penobscot’s employees has ever been subject to legal or disciplinary action.
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
At the close of business on December 31, 2025, none of the investment personnel at Penobscot
was registered, or had an application pending to register, as a broker-dealer or a registered
representative of a broker-dealer. None of the management persons at Penobscot was
registered, or had an application pending to register, as a futures commission merchant,
commodity pool operator, a commodity trading advisor, or an associated person of the foregoing
entities.
Penobscot’s investment managers do not maintain relationships or arrangements that are
material to Penobscot’s advisory business or to any clients with: broker-dealer, municipal
securities dealer, government securities dealer or broker, investment company or other pooled
investment vehicle (including a mutual fund, closed-end investment company, unit investment
trust, private investment company or “hedge fund” and offshore fund), futures commission
merchant, commodity pool operator or commodity trading advisor, banking or thrift institution,
accountant or accounting firm, insurance company or agency, pension consultant, real estate
broker or dealer and sponsor or syndicator of limited partnerships. Penobscot does, however,
have an agreement with the trust department at one law firm to manage accounts. This
relationship does not create a conflict of interest with Penobscot clients.
As a firm, Penobscot does not recommend or select other investment advisors for clients or
receive compensation directly or indirectly from other advisors that would create a material conflict
of interest, and Penobscot does not maintain other business relationships with advisors that would
create a material conflict of interest for clients.
Item 11 – Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading
In accordance with the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”), Penobscot has adopted
a formal Code of Ethics. The Code is designed to ensure that the high ethical standards long
maintained by Penobscot continue to be applied. The purpose of the Code is to preclude activities
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which can lead to or give the appearance of conflicts of interest, insider trading and other forms
of prohibited or unethical business contact.
The Code establishes rules of conduct for all of Penobscot’s employees including, among other
things, governing personal securities trading activities in the accounts of employees. These rules
are based upon the principle that Penobscot and its employees owe a fiduciary duty to
Penobscot’s clients to conduct their affairs, including their personal securities transactions, in
such a manner as to avoid (i) serving their own personal interests ahead of clients, (ii) taking
inappropriate advantage of their position with the firm and (iii) any actual or potential conflicts of
interest or any abuse of their position of trust and responsibility.
Penobscot does not recommend to clients, or buy or sell for client accounts, securities in which
Penobscot employees or related persons have a material financial interest. Penobscot’s
employees may buy and sell securities that are traded in client accounts, and Penobscot is
aware that this situation could pose a conflict of interest. Penobscot has policies & procedures
in place to monitor personal security transactions including:
• Preclearance for securities that do not meet certain criteria
• Quarterly reporting of securities transactions
• Annual review and attestation of Penobscot’s Code of Ethics
Penobscot’s Code of Ethics is available for review by clients and prospective clients upon request.
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices
The Custodians and Brokers Penobscot Uses
Client assets are required to be maintained in an account at a “qualified custodian”, generally a
broker-dealer or bank. Penobscot recommends that clients use one of two SEC-registered
broker-dealers: Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”), member SIPC, or Fidelity Brokerage
Services, LLC (Fidelity), member FINRA/SIPC, as the qualified custodian. Penobscot is
independently owned and is not affiliated with either of these qualified custodians.
The qualified custodians offer services which include custody of securities, trade execution, and
clearance and settlement of transactions. While Penobscot recommends that clients use either
Schwab or Fidelity as their custodian, the client decides whether to do so and opens their account
with the custodian by entering into an account agreement directly with them. Penobscot does not
open accounts for clients but will assist clients in doing so. Even though client accounts are
maintained at a qualified custodian, Penobscot could choose to use other brokers to execute
trades for client accounts (see section iii, Penobscot’s Brokerage and Custody Costs).
Along with custody and brokerage services, these custodians provide other products and services
that offer benefits to clients and to Penobscot (see Item 14, Client Referrals and Other
Compensation). As part of its fiduciary duties to clients, Penobscot always endeavors to put the
interests of its clients first, and receipt of other products and services from these custodians does
not diminish Penobscot’s duty to act in the best interests of its clients including seeking best
execution of trades for client accounts.
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How Penobscot Selects Custodians
Penobscot seeks to use custodians who hold client assets and execute transactions on terms
that are, overall, most advantageous when compared to other available providers and their
services. Penobscot considers a wide range of factors, including, among others:
• Combination of transaction execution services and asset custody services (generally
without a separate fee for custody)
• Capability to execute, clear, and settle trades
• Capability to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts
• Breadth of available investment products (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, ETFs, etc.)
• Quality of services, competitiveness of the price of those services (fees, etc.) and
willingness to negotiate prices
Penobscot’s Brokerage and Custody Costs
Generally, the qualified custodians do not charge clients separately for custody services. Instead,
some custodians charge commissions or other fees to clients on trades that are executed or that
settle into client accounts. In addition to these fees, the qualified custodians charge clients a flat
dollar amount as a “prime broker” or “trade-away” fee for each fixed or income bond trade that
Penobscot executes with a different broker-dealer but where the securities bought or sold are
deposited (settled) into a client’s account. These fees are paid to the executing broker-dealer.
Because of this, and to minimize trading costs, Penobscot has the qualified custodians execute
most of the trades for client accounts. Penobscot believes that having the qualified custodians
execute most trades is consistent with its duty to seek “best execution” of client trades. Best
execution means the most favorable terms for a transaction based on all relevant factors,
including those listed above (see “How Penobscot Selects Brokers/Custodians”). Penobscot
does not accept any “soft dollar” benefits from any broker-dealer in relation to bond transactions
for advisory clients.
Trade Aggregation
In general, investment decisions for each client are made independently from those of other
clients and are made with specific reference to the individual objectives of each client account.
Penobscot sometimes aggregate trades where possible and when advantageous to clients.
Trade aggregation is the process of aggregating multiple orders for the purchase or sale of the
same security across multiple client accounts. Trade aggregation allows Penobscot to execute
equity trades in a more equitable and timely manner and to reduce overall commission charges
to clients. Best efforts are made to aggregate trade orders whenever possible. No employee
trades are included in these aggregations.
Item 13 – Review of Accounts
Portfolios are reviewed on an ongoing basis by Penobscot’s portfolio managers whenever it is
appropriate or necessary. Clients can request portfolio reviews at any time and in response to
questions about current events, market developments and personal needs. Penobscot
recommends meeting with clients annually and, in some cases, more often in order to review
investment goals and objectives. Portfolio appraisals are sent to clients quarterly. Appraisal
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reports include information such as portfolio positions, cost and market value, gains and losses
and estimated annual income.
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Client Referrals
Penobscot may from time to time compensate, either directly or indirectly, any person or company
(known as “promoters”) for client referrals. Penobscot is aware of the special consideration
promulgated under Rule 206(4)-1 (i.e., the Marketing Rule) of the Investment Advisers Act of
1940, as amended. As such, appropriate disclosures shall be made, all written instruments will
be maintained by Penobscot, and all applicable Federal and State laws will be observed.
When we pay a referral fee, we require the promoter to disclose clearly and prominently the
following at the time of the endorsement:
• The endorsement is being made by a person that is not a current client of Penobscot;
• Cash or non-cash compensation was provided for the endorsement including a description
of the compensation provided or to be provided to the promoter for the endorsement; and
• A description of any material conflicts of interest on the part of the promoter resulting from
Penobscot’s relationship with the promoter and/or the compensation arrangement.
The referral fee is paid entirely from Penobscot’s investment advisory fee and does not result in
a higher fee or additional charges to the client. Referred clients should be aware of inherent
conflicts of interest between promoters and Penobscot with respect to the promoter/referral
arrangement. Promoters might refer potential clients to Penobscot because they will be paid a
fee and not necessarily because Penobscot provides appropriate and suitable investment
strategies for the client.
In certain circumstances Penobscot employees are paid a bonus by Penobscot for their role in
acquiring new accounts or obtaining additional funding for existing accounts. This arrangement
will not result in a client paying a higher fee to Penobscot.
In prior years, Penobscot participated in TD Ameritrade’s AdvisorDirect program (TD) and
received client referrals from TD. TD established the referral program as a means of referring its
brokerage customers and other investors seeking fee-based personal investment management
services or financial planning services to independent investment advisors. TD did not supervise
Penobscot and had no responsibility for Penobscot’s management of client portfolios or
Penobscot’s other advice or services. Penobscot paid TD an on-going fee for each successful
client relationship established. In September 2023, TD merged with Schwab. Penobscot now
pays the fee to Schwab. Penobscot also pays Schwab the Referral Fee on any advisory fees
received by Penobscot from any of a referred client’s family members who hired Penobscot on
the recommendation of such referred client. Penobscot will not charge these clients any fees or
costs higher than its standard fee schedule offered to its other clients or otherwise pass Referral
Fees paid to Schwab to its clients.
Products and Services Available to Penobscot from Schwab
As disclosed under Item 12 above, Penobscot participates in Schwab Advisor Services™
(formerly called the Schwab Institutional service program). While there is no direct link between
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Penobscot’s participation in the program and the investment advice it gives to its clients,
Penobscot receives economic benefits through its participation in the program that are typically
not available to Schwab retail investors. These are available on an unsolicited basis and at no
charge to Penobscot so long as a total of at least $10 million of clients’ assets is maintained in
accounts at Schwab and is not otherwise contingent upon Penobscot committing to Schwab any
specific amount of business. Products and services include execution of securities transactions;
access to block trading; custody of client assets; and access to a broad range of investment
products. The investment products available through Schwab include some to which Penobscot
may not otherwise have access or that would require a significantly higher minimum initial
investment.
Some of the products and services made available by Schwab may benefit Penobscot but may
not directly benefit its client accounts. These products or services are ones that may assist
Penobscot in managing and administering client accounts, including accounts not maintained at
Schwab, or help Penobscot manage and further develop its business enterprise. These include
receipt of duplicate client statements and confirmations; the ability to deduct advisory fees directly
from client accounts; access to an electronic communications network for client order entry and
account information; assistance with back-office functions, record-keeping and client reporting;
research-related products and tools; educational conferences; and consulting services. In
addition, Schwab may arrange for third-party vendors to provide services to Penobscot. Schwab
may discount or waive fees it would otherwise charge for some of these services or pay all or a
part of a third party’s fees.
Products and Services Available to Penobscot from Fidelity
As disclosed under Item 12 above, Penobscot participates in Fidelity Clearing & Custody
Solutions ®. Products and services include execution of securities transactions; access to block
trading; custody of client assets; and access to a broad range of investment products. The
investment products available through Fidelity include some to which Penobscot may not
otherwise have access or that would require a significantly higher minimum initial investment.
Some of the products and services made available by Fidelity may benefit Penobscot but may
not directly benefit its client accounts. These products or services are ones that may assist
Penobscot in managing and administering client accounts, including accounts not maintained at
Fidelity, or help Penobscot manage and further develop its business enterprise. These include
receipt of duplicate client statements and confirmations; the ability to deduct advisory fees directly
from client accounts; access to an electronic communications network for client order entry and
account information; assistance with back-office functions, record-keeping and client reporting;
research-related products and tools; educational conferences; and consulting services. In
addition, Fidelity may arrange for third-party vendors to provide services to Penobscot. Fidelity
may discount or waive fees it would otherwise charge for some of these services or pay all or a
part of a third party’s fees.
Item 15 – Custody
Penobscot is deemed to have custody of some client assets.
1. In cases where Penobscot is granted authorization by clients to deduct advisory fees from
client accounts, Penobscot is deemed to have custody of those client assets. Penobscot
does not need to and does not report custody for these accounts.
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2. In cases where Penobscot has accounts subject to standing letters of authorization
(SLOAs) permitting third party transfers, Penobscot is deemed to have custody of those
client assets and reports custody. Consistent with the SEC no-action guidance issued to
the Investment Adviser Association on February 21, 2017, Penobscot does not need to
and does not engage an independent public accountant to conduct a surprise exam for
those accounts.
3. In cases where Penobscot or an employee of Penobscot acts as trustee to client accounts,
Penobscot is deemed to have custody of those client assets unless a personal relationship
pre-dates the employee’s professional relationship with the client. In these cases,
Penobscot is required by the SEC to subject those accounts to a surprise exam performed
by an independent auditor, and Penobscot does so annually Those results are on file with
the SEC.
As described in Item 12, Brokerage Practices, client assets are maintained at a qualified
custodian. These custodians are required to send account statements directly to clients at least
quarterly. Penobscot also sends quarterly, and/or more frequently, account statements directly
to clients. These statements include an invoice showing the most recent quarter’s advisory fee
as well as account withdrawal activity related to prior advisory fees. To ensure that all account
transactions, holdings and values are correct and current, clients are urged to carefully review
these statements for accuracy. Any discrepancies should be brought to the attention of
Penobscot and/or the custodian as soon as possible. For tax and other purposes, the custodial
statement is the official record of a client’s account(s) and assets.
Item 16 – Investment Discretion
Penobscot has discretionary authority to manage accounts on behalf of its clients and the
authority to determine, without obtaining specific client consent, the securities and amounts of
securities to be bought or sold. This authority is granted by clients when they sign Penobscot’s
Investment Advisory Agreement.
Clients have the option to not grant discretionary authority and place restrictions or limitations on
their accounts. Restrictions or limitations are determined at the time the Investment Advisory
Agreement is signed. These restrictions or limitations are amended with written authorization.
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities
In accordance with the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”), Penobscot has created
and maintains written proxy voting policies & procedures. Clients can request a copy of these
policies & procedures.
Penobscot reviews each proxy vote from firms in which clients have an investment and votes
these proxies in the best interest of the clients. When conflicts of interest on proxy matters are
identified, they are disclosed to the client and resolved to benefit the client. When a conflict is
disclosed, Penobscot requests that the client review the proxy issue and instruct in writing their
voting instructions. If the client is unable to instruct or is uninformed on an issue, Penobscot
suggests that an independent third party be retained at the client’s expense to determine how the
proxy should be voted.
Penobscot ensures that all votes are submitted in a timely manner unless Penobscot otherwise
determines that voting a proxy is not in the client’s best interest. Penobscot entered into an
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agreement with a vendor which provides proxy information through an automated electronic
interface. This service is being utilized for accounts in which Penobscot has proxy voting
authority. Clients can request information on how proxies were voted.
Certain clients retain proxy voting authority and, in such instances, Penobscot has no proxy voting
responsibility and will not take any action regarding those clients’ proxies. Those clients will
receive proxies and other solicitations directly from the custodian or transfer agent.
Clients can contact Penobscot with any questions they have about proxy voting.
Item 18 – Financial Information
This item is not applicable to Penobscot.
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