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1800 West Loop South
Suite 1400
Houston, TX 77027
Telephone: (713) 244-6450
PrecedentWealth.com
March 21, 2025
Firm Contact:
J. Harold Williams
Chief Compliance Officer
Form ADV Part 2A
Brochure
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Precedent Wealth
Partners, LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at (713)
244-6450. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority. Additional information about
Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC is also available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov by
searching CRD #325203.
Please note that the use of the term “registered investment adviser” and description of our Firm and/or
our associates as “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Item 2: Material Changes
Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC is required to notify clients of any information that has changed since
the last annual update of the Firm Brochure (“Brochure”) that may be important to them. Clients can
request a full copy of our Brochure or contact us with any questions that they may have about the
changes.
Since the filing of our initial ADV 2A dated March 31, 2024, there have been no material changes.
ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure
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Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC
Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 1: Cover Page ...................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2: Material Changes ............................................................................................................. 2
Item 3: Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. 3
Item 4: Advisory Business ............................................................................................................ 4
Item 5: Fees & Compensation ...................................................................................................... 8
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management .................................................. 13
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements ......................................................................... 13
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss .............................................. 13
Item 9: Disciplinary Information .................................................................................................. 27
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations ............................................................. 27
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation, or Interest in .................................................................... 27
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ..................................................................................................... 28
Item 13: Review of Accounts ...................................................................................................... 33
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation......................................................................... 34
Item 15: Custody ........................................................................................................................ 36
Item 16: Investment Discretion ................................................................................................... 36
Item 17: Voting Client Securities................................................................................................. 37
Item 18: Financial Information .................................................................................................... 37
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Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC
Item 4: Advisory Business
Description of Firm
Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC (“Firm” or “Adviser”) provides individuals and other types of clients with
a wide array of investment advisory services. Our Firm is a limited liability company formed under the
laws of the State of Delaware in March 2023 and has been in business as an investment adviser since
April 2023. Our Firm is principally owned by Precedent Holdings, LLC.
The purpose of this Brochure is to disclose the conflicts of interest associated with the investment
transactions, compensation and any other matters related to investment decisions made by our Firm or
its representatives. As a fiduciary, it is our duty to always act in the client’s best interest.
As used in this brochure, the words "we," "our," and "us" refer to Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC and the
words "you," "your," and "client" refer to you as either a client or prospective client of our Firm.
Types of Advisory Services Offered
Portfolio Management Services
Our Firm provides Portfolio Management Services to clients on a discretionary or non-
discretionary basis. This service will include asset management and other financial planning or
consulting services as requested by you. The service is designed to assist you in meeting your financial
goals by ascertaining your investment objectives. Thereafter, the Firm will have the responsibility and
authority to formulate investment strategies on your behalf. Our Firm will conduct discussions with you
to understand your current financial situation, existing resources, and tolerance for risk. Based on what
is learned, an investment approach is presented to you, including, as appropriate, individual stocks,
bonds, ETFs, options, mutual funds and other public and private securities or investments. Once the
appropriate portfolio has been determined, your portfolio under our supervision is regularly monitored,
and if necessary, revised and/or rebalanced based upon your individual needs, stated goals and
objectives. Upon your request, the Firm provides a summary of observations and recommendations for
the financial planning or consulting aspects of this service.
Source of Information
The Firm will interview you to determine your:
Investment Objectives
•
• Risk tolerance
• Desired return parameters
• Other factors and preferences
Investment Selections
Based upon our understanding of your needs, we then invest your portfolio. The Firm does not provide
identical advice to every client, though we may employ similar strategies and purchase similar securities
in other client accounts.
Reasons portfolios may differ between you and other clients
• Your preferences
• Your investment criteria
• Your risk tolerance compared to that of other clients
• Securities you already own that would generate a taxable gain if sold
• Your time horizon
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Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC
Though not our regular and typical practice, you may request that we assist you in the management of
your portfolio on a non-discretionary basis. If we agree, your portfolio will be identified as non-
discretionary in our written agreement with you. If you determine to engage our Firm on a non-
discretionary investment advisory basis, you must be willing to accept that the Firm cannot affect any
account transactions without obtaining prior consent to any such transaction(s) from you. Therefore, our
Firm will be unable to affect any account transactions (as it would for its discretionary clients) without first
obtaining your consent. Since obtaining your consent may create delays, this can work to your detriment
compared to portfolios managed on a discretionary basis.
Financial and Wealth Planning Services
Our Firm offers financial and wealth planning services which typically involves providing a variety of
advisory services upon request to most of our clients regarding the management of their financial
resources based upon an analysis of their individual needs. These services can range from broad-based
financial planning to consultative subject planning, which may include, but is not limited to, any or all of
the following; Business Planning, Cash Flow Forecasting, Gift and Estate Planning, Financial Reporting,
Investment Consulting, Insurance Planning, Retirement Planning, Risk Management (asset protection
& insurance), Employee Benefits, Concentrated Wealth Strategies, Charitable Planning, Distribution
Planning, Education Planning, Social Security Planning, Income Tax Planning, and Third Party
Investment Manager Due Diligence.
Our Firm can help the client with implementation of planning recommendations, as needed or requested
by the client. Implementation may include working with a client’s other professionals, such as attorneys,
CPAs, brokers, and insurance agents. Implementation of recommendations is always solely at the
client’s discretion.
Retirement Plan Consulting
Our Firm offers to provide retirement plan consulting services to employer plan sponsors on an ongoing
basis. Generally, such consulting services consist of assisting employer plan sponsors in establishing,
monitoring, and reviewing their company's participant-directed retirement plan. As the needs of the plan
sponsor dictate, areas of advising may include:
•
Establishing an Investment Policy Statement – Our Firm will assist in the development
of a statement that summarizes the investment goals and objectives along with the
broad strategies to be employed to meet the objectives.
Investment Options – Our Firm will work with the Plan Sponsor to evaluate existing
investment options and make recommendations for appropriate changes.
•
Asset Allocation and Portfolio Construction – Our Firm will develop strategic asset
•
•
allocation models to aid Participants in developing strategies to meet their investment
objectives, time horizon, financial situation, and tolerance for risk.
Investment Monitoring – Our Firm will monitor the performance of the Plan’s investments
and notify the client in the event of over/underperformance and in times of market
volatility.
•
Participant Education – Our Firm will provide opportunities to educate plan participants
about their retirement plan offerings, different investment options, and general guidance
on allocation strategies.
In providing services for retirement plan consulting, our Firm does not provide any advisory services with
respect to the following types of assets: employer securities, real estate (with the exception of real estate
funds and publicly traded REITS), participant loans, non-publicly traded securities or assets, other illiquid
investments, or brokerage window programs (collectively, “Excluded Assets”). All retirement plan
consulting services shall be in compliance with the applicable state laws regulating retirement consulting
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Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC
services. This applies to client accounts that are retirement or other employee benefit plans (“Plan”)
governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”). If the client
accounts are part of a Plan, and our Firm accepts appointment to provide services to such accounts, our
Firm acknowledges its obligation to meet the fiduciary standard within the meaning of Section 3(21) or
3(38) of ERISA as designated by the Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement with respect to the provision
of services described therein.
Retirement Plan Rollover Recommendations
A client or prospective client leaving an employer typically has four options regarding disposition of a
balance in an existing retirement plan (and may engage in a combination of these options):
(i) leave the money in the former employer’s plan, if permitted, (ii) roll over the assets to a new employer’s
plan, if one is available and rollovers are permitted, (iii) roll over to an Individual Retirement Account
(“IRA”), or (iv) cash out the account value (which could, depending upon the client’s age, result in
adverse tax consequences). If our Firm recommends that a client roll over their retirement plan assets
into an account to be managed by our Firm, such a recommendation creates a conflict of interest if our
Firm will earn new or increased current compensation as a result of the rollover. If our Firm provides a
recommendation as to whether a client should engage in a rollover or not, the Firm is acting as a fiduciary
within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal
Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws governing retirement accounts. The U.S. Department of
Labor provides regulations to which our Firm is obligated to conform to qualify under permitted
exceptions to the general prohibition against fiduciaries to employer plans earning compensation in
connection with their advice. No client is under any obligation to roll over retirement plan assets to an
account managed by our Firm.
Under these regulations, we must:
• Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations (give
prudent advice);
• Never put our financial interests ahead of yours when making recommendations (give
loyal advice);
• Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
• Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is in your
best interest;
• Charge no more than is reasonable for our services; and
• Give you basic information about conflicts of interest.
Selection of Independent Money Managers
In certain limited situations, our Firm may recommend that you use the services of a third-party money
manager ("TPMM") to manage all, or a portion of, your investment portfolio. After gathering information
about your financial situation and objectives, we may recommend that you engage a specific TPMM or
investment program. Factors that we take into consideration when making our recommendation(s)
include, but are not limited to, the following: the TPMM's performance, methods of analysis, fees, your
financial needs, investment goals, risk tolerance, and investment objectives. Our Firm will monitor the
TPMM(s)' performance to ensure its management and investment style remains aligned with your
investment goals and objectives. The TPMM(s) will actively manage your portfolio and will assume
discretionary investment authority over your account. In addition, TPMM(s) may be granted authority to
further delegate such discretionary investment authority to other TPMM(s). Our Firm will assume
discretionary authority to hire and fire TPMM(s) and/or reallocate your assets to other TPMM(s) where
we deem such action appropriate.
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Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC
Assets Held Away From Our Firm
If you agree, we may leverage an Order Management System through Pontera to implement investment
selection and rebalancing strategies on your behalf in held away accounts (i.e., accounts not directly
held with our recommended custodian). These are primarily 401(k) accounts, HSAs, 403bs, 529
education savings plans, 457 plans, profit sharing plans, and other assets not custodied with our
recommended custodian. Pontera is a software provider making a platform available to our Firm that
facilitates this management. We regularly review the available investment options in these accounts,
monitor them, and rebalance and implement our strategies in the same way we do your other managed
accounts, though using different tools as necessary. There may be a difference in the performance of
our strategies of an account using Pontera in comparison to your other accounts held at our
recommended custodian.
Dynasty Network
We have entered into a contractual relationship with Dynasty Financial Partners, LLC ("Dynasty"), which
provides our Firm with operational and back-office support including access to a network of service
providers. Through the Dynasty network of service providers, we may receive preferred pricing on trading
technology, reporting, custody, brokerage, compliance, and other related services. Dynasty charges our
Firm a "Platform Fee," the expense of which we bear and therefore is included as part of your annual
investment management fee paid to our Firm, as described in Item 5 below. In addition, Dynasty's
subsidiary, Dynasty Wealth Management, LLC ("DWM") is an SEC registered investment adviser, that
provides access to a range of investment services including: separately managed accounts (“SMA”),
mutual fund and ETF asset allocation strategies, and unified managed accounts ("UMA") managed by
external Third-Party Managers (collectively, the "Investment Programs"). We may separately engage
the services of Dynasty and/or its subsidiaries to access the Investment Programs. Under the SMA and
UMA programs, we will maintain the ability to select the specific, underlying Third Party Managers that
will, in turn, have day-to-day discretionary trading authority over the requisite client assets.
DWM sponsors an investment management platform (the "Platform" or the "TAMP") that is available to
the advisers in the Dynasty Network, such as our Firm. Through the Platform, DWM and Dynasty
collectively provide certain technology, administrative, operations and advisory support services that
allow us to manage our client portfolios and access Third-Party Managers that provide discretionary
services in the form of traditional managed accounts and investment models. We can allocate all or a
portion of Client assets among the different Third-Party Managers via the Platform. We may also use the
model management feature of the TAMP by creating our own asset allocation model and underlying
investments that comprise the model. Through the model management feature, we may be able to
outsource the implementation of trade orders and periodic rebalancing of the model when needed.
We will maintain the direct contractual relationship with you, the Client, and obtain, through such
agreements, the authority to engage independent third-party managers, DWM and/or Dynasty, as
applicable, for services rendered through the Platform in service to the Client. We may delegate
discretionary trading authority to DWM and/or independent Third-Party Managers to effect investment
and reinvestment of Client assets with the ability to buy, sell or otherwise effect investment transactions
and allocate client assets. It is our policy not to delegate discretionary trading authority to DWM unless
first specifically discussed with you and approved. In such cases, if the Client participates in certain
Investment Programs, DWM or the designated manager, as applicable, is also authorized without prior
consultation with either us or the Client to buy, sell, trade, or allocate Client assets in accordance with
the Client’s designated portfolio objective and to deliver instructions to the designated broker- dealer
and/or custodian of the Client’s assets.
Tailoring of Advisory Services
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Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC
Our Firm offers individualized investment advice to our clients. Each client may impose reasonable
restrictions, in writing, on the types of investments to be held in the portfolio or our Firm’s services.
Restrictions on investments in certain securities or types of securities may affect the performance of the
account due to the level of difficulty of the restriction when managing the account.
Participation in Wrap Fee Programs
Our Firm does not offer or sponsor a wrap fee program.
Regulatory Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2024, we provide continuous management services for $510,333,092 in client
assets on a discretionary basis, and $25,248,074 in client assets on a non-discretionary basis.
Item 5: Fees & Compensation
Compensation for Our Advisory Services
Portfolio Management Services
The maximum annual fee charged for this service will not exceed 1.00% of billable assets managed.
Fees to be assessed will be outlined in the advisory agreement to be signed by the Client. Annualized
fees are billed on a pro-rata basis quarterly in advance based on the value of the account(s) on the last
day of the previous quarter. There may be immaterial differences between the quarter end market value
reflected on your custodial statement and the valuation as of the last business day of the calendar quarter
used for billing purposes, given timing and account activity. Fees will be deducted from client account(s)
unless we mutually agree to an alternate payment method. Adjustments will be made for deposits and
withdrawals during the quarter that are more than $50,000. Our Firm may offer direct invoicing in rare
cases. If the advisory agreement is executed at any time other than the first day of the calendar quarter,
our fees will apply on a pro-rata basis, which means that the advisory fee is payable in proportion to the
number of days in the quarter for which the individual is our Client. Our advisory fee is negotiable,
depending on individual Client circumstances and account type. If the account or relationship is not
above $10 million, the fees are not typically negotiable. When fees are negotiable, the factors typically
considered are total asset values being managed, the expected future additions and withdrawals from
the account, the frequency and nature of interaction with the client, and the complexity of the specific
services required by the client.
Our standard fee schedule is based upon discretionary assets under management:
1.0% per annum
0.8% per annum
0.6% per annum
0.4% per annum
• First $2 million:
• Next $3 million:
• Next $5 million:
• Over $10 million:
At our discretion, we may combine the account values of family members living in the same household
to determine the applicable advisory fee. For example, we may combine account values for Client and
Client’s minor children, joint accounts with Client’s spouse, and other types of related accounts.
Combining account values may increase the asset total, which may result in your paying a reduced
advisory fee, when measured as a percentage of assets managed. Our Firm will deduct our fee directly
from your account through the qualified custodian holding your funds and securities. Our Firm will deduct
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Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC
our advisory fee only when you have given our Firm written authorization permitting the fees to be paid
directly from your account. Further, the qualified custodian will deliver an account statement to you at
least quarterly. These account statements will show all disbursements from your account. You should
review all statements for accuracy.
Financial and Wealth Planning Services
If you engage our Firm for portfolio management services, our financial and wealth planning and
consulting services are generally offered to you at no extra charge. In rare cases for consulting services
that are outside our normal offering, we may propose an extra charge for such consulting. You will always
be informed of such charges before work commences. In those cases, our Firm charges on an hourly
or flat fee basis for specialized financial and wealth planning services. The total estimated fee, as well
as the ultimate fee charged, is based on the scope and complexity of our engagement with the client.
The maximum hourly fee to be charged will not exceed $500. Flat fees range from $1,500 to $10,000.
The fee-paying arrangements will be determined on a case- by-case basis and will be detailed in the
signed consulting agreement. Our Firm will not require a retainer exceeding $1,200 when services
cannot be rendered within 6 months.
Retirement Plan Consulting
Our Retirement Plan Consulting services are billed on a flat fee basis, or a fee based on the percentage
of Plan assets under management. The total estimated fee, as well as the ultimate fee charged, is based
on the scope and complexity of our engagement with the client. Our flat fees range from $750 to $25,000.
Fees based on a percentage of managed Plan assets will not exceed 1.00%. The fee-paying
arrangements will be determined on a case-by-case basis and will be detailed in the signed consulting
agreement.
Assets Held Away From Our Firm
For assets held at a custodian that is not directly accessible by our Firm ("Held Away Accounts"), we
may, but are not required to, manage these Held Away Accounts using the Pontera Order Management
System ("Pontera") that allows our Firm to view and manage assets. Our annual fee
for investment management services for held away accounts will follow our Portfolio Management fee
schedule and termination instructions as noted in your Portfolio Management Agreement. Our advisory
fees will not be deducted directly from the accounts managed through the Pontera Order Management
System. If you engage our Firm to manage Held Away Accounts, you will give written authorization to
deduct the fee from another nonqualified account managed by our Firm, in which case, the advisory fee
would be deducted from this account each quarter. Fees will be based upon your negotiated fee in
accordance with our portfolio management fee schedule and your Agreement. You do not pay an
additional fee for Pontera. Further, the qualified custodian will deliver an account statement to you at
least quarterly. These account statements will show all disbursements from your account. You should
review all statements and invoices for accuracy. Our Firm pays 0.25% per annum of such assets
managed from our advisory fee to Pontera. Due to the use of Pontera, you will not pay our Firm a higher
advisory fee other than what is listed in your Portfolio Client Management Agreement.
In rare cases, our Firm will agree to directly invoice fees for held-away assets to the qualified custodian
of the client. As part of this process, Clients understand the following:
a) The client’s independent custodian sends statements at least quarterly showing the market
values for each security included in the Assets and all account disbursements, including the
amount of the advisory fees paid to our Firm;
b) Clients will provide authorization permitting our Firm to be directly paid by these terms.
Our Firm will send an invoice directly to the custodian; and
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Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC
c)
If our Firm sends a copy of our invoice to the client, a legend urging the comparison of
information provided in our statement with those from the qualified custodian will be included.
Fee Concession Program
Our Firm offers a Fee Concession Program (the “Program”), under which Clients may become entitled
to a reduction in the management fee otherwise due to Firm (the “Concession”). The marketing name
for the Program is “WILLSHARE”. This Concession is contingent upon the Firm’s profitability and will be
determined using a formula that allocates an amount equal to 50% of the total after-tax amount
distributed to the Firm’s owners to the Program. For 2025, the Firm has determined a tax rate of 39.35%
will apply for calculating after-tax distributions. In addition, the calculation of the Concession shall remain
at 50% of after-tax distributions to the firm’s owners, if any. Because the Program is dependent on the
profitability of the Firm, the Concession amount will vary and could be $0. No Concession of any
amount is assured or guaranteed.
Concessions will be awarded to Client in the form of a credit against management fees otherwise payable
by Client to Firm for the second quarter (due approximately April 1) or third quarter (due approximately
July 1) of the subsequent calendar year. The Concession is not payable to Client in cash.
Clients are eligible to participate in the Program only if Client maintains an active account at the time the
Concession is distributed. All Clients agree to participate in the Program (if eligibility requirements are
met), by signing the Client Management Agreement, which includes the Fee Concession Program
document. The Program document discusses the Program in detail and provides important disclosures
for Clients.
Clients may choose to opt out of the Program by notifying the Firm in writing that they do not wish to
participate in the Program.
While we’ve established the Program to benefit our Clients, it does create several conflicts of interest
between us and our Clients. Compensation to employees, including payment of a higher salary and/or
bonus, or distributions classified as Guaranteed Payments to owner-employees, reduces the amount
available for distribution as after-tax profits to the Firm’s owners. This, in turn, reduces the Concession
amount available for Clients. The Firm attempts to mitigate this conflict by determining total
compensation and guaranteed payments of its wealth advisor owner- employees using a formula, and
having the formulaic calculation methodology reviewed by an independent third-party compensation
consultant periodically to determine it falls within a range reasonably representative of market
compensation for our industry. Any compensation or guaranteed payments to owner-employees which
is not formulaic in nature is determined under a written plan subject to periodic review by an independent
compensation consultant to determine if it falls within a range reasonably representative of market
compensation for our industry.
In addition, the Firm reserves the right to terminate or modify the Program without our Clients’ consent
to do so. This represents a conflict of interest since a reduction in the amount of the Concession could
benefit the Firm’s owners. The firm attempts to mitigate this conflict by providing that the Firm is permitted
to modify or terminate the Program prospectively for a future Calendar Year, and only with written notice
provided to Client at least thirty (30) days prior to the beginning of such modified calendar year.
It is important that Clients understand the Program and how it will impact the fees Clients pay to the Firm.
We encourage our Clients to review the Program documents carefully and to ask questions. We are
always available to discuss the Program, our fees, and any other aspect of the services we provide.
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Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC
Dynasty Network
As discussed above in Item 4, we use Dynasty's TAMP services. While the Dynasty Platform Fee is
included in the annual investment management fee, any Third-Party Manager related charges are not
included in the investment management fee you pay to us. Clients will be charged, separate from and
in addition to their investment management fee, any applicable Third-Party Manager fees, but only if we
mutually agree to utilize Third-Party Managers. Our Firm does not receive any portion of the fees paid
directly to Dynasty or the service providers made available through its platform, including the Third-Party
Managers.
The Third-Party Manager fees are determined by the particular program(s) and manager(s) with which
the Client’s assets are invested and are calculated based upon a percentage of Client assets under
management, as applicable. Independent fixed income manager fees generally range from 0 - 0.90%
annually, and independent equity manager fees generally range from 0.00% - 1.50% annually.
Client will note that the total fee reflected on their custodial statement will represent the sum of our
investment management fee and any such Third-Party Manager fee(s). The Client should review such
statements to determine the total amount of fees associated with their requisite investments, and Clients
should review their investment management agreement with us to determine the investment
management fee the Client pays to us.
Under the Dynasty TAMP, the Firm can use mutual fund and ETF asset allocation strategies. The
Platform Fee is included in the annual investment management fee. The Client should be aware that the
underlying securities also have internal expenses and/or management fees associated with it, however
the Firm does not participate in any of Dynasty’s or other third-party fees.
Other Types of Fees & Expenses
Mutual Funds/ETFs:
As part of our investment advisory services our Firm may invest, or recommend that you invest, in mutual
funds and exchange traded funds. The fees that you pay to our Firm for investment advisory services
are separate and distinct from the fees and expenses charged by mutual funds or exchange traded funds
(described in each fund's prospectus) to their shareholders. These fees will generally include a
management fee and other fund expenses. You may also incur transaction charges and/or brokerage
fees when purchasing or selling securities. These charges and fees are typically imposed by the broker-
dealer or custodian through whom your account transactions are executed. Our Firm does not share in
any portion of the brokerage fees/transaction charges imposed by the broker-dealer or custodian.
Margin Balance and Margin Interest:
If suitable for you, our Firm may use margin on your account(s) for the purpose of borrowing funds and/or
securities purchases. Our normal practice is to limit margin usage to those cases where a client desires
to borrow funds for other uses in lieu of liquidating securities. It is not our normal purpose to use margin
as a means of purchasing more securities than is possible on a cash basis. If a margin account is opened,
you will be charged interest on any credit balance extended to or maintained on your behalf at the broker-
dealer. While the value of the margin balance will appear as a debit on your statement, reducing the net
value in an account(s), you will be assessed an asset-based advisory fee based on the gross value of the
account(s) without any offset for margin or debit balances. With respect to short sales, the client will be
assessed an asset-based advisory fees based on the value of the security sold short, but not on the
proceeds received upon initiation of the short sale. If you purchase securities on margin you should
understand: 1) the use of borrowed money will result in greater gains or losses than otherwise would be
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Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC
the case without the use of margin, and 2) there will be no benefit from using margin if the performance
of your account does not exceed the interest expense being charged on the margin balance plus the
additional advisory fees assessed on the securities purchased using margin. This creates a conflict of
interest where we have an incentive to encourage the use of margin to maintain a higher market value
and therefore receive a higher fee.
Clients may incur transaction fees for trades executed by their chosen custodian. These transaction fees
are separate from our Firm’s advisory fees and will be disclosed by the chosen custodian. Fidelity
Brokerage Services (“Fidelity”) eliminated transaction fees for U.S. listed equities and exchange traded
funds for clients who opt into electronic delivery of statements or maintain at least $1 million in assets at
Fidelity.
Clients who do not meet either criteria will be subject to transaction fees charged by Fidelity for
U.S. listed equities and exchange traded funds.
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) does not charge transaction fees for U.S. listed equities and
exchange traded funds.
Clients may also pay holdings charges imposed by the chosen custodian for certain investments,
charges imposed directly by a mutual fund, index fund, or exchange traded fund, which shall be
disclosed in the fund’s prospectus (e.g., fund management fees and other fund expenses), distribution
fees, surrender charges, variable annuity fees, IRA and qualified retirement plan fees, mark-ups and
mark-downs, spreads paid to market makers, fees for trades executed away from custodian, wire
transfer fees and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities transactions. Our Firm
does not receive a portion of these fees.
Terminations & Refunds
Either party may terminate the advisory agreement signed with our Firm for Portfolio Management
services at any time. Upon notice of termination, our Firm will process a pro-rata refund by calculating
the amount of the unearned portion of the advisory fees based on the number of days left in the most
recently billed period.
Financial Planning & Consulting clients who have contracted for special services may terminate their
agreement at any time before the delivery of a financial plan by providing written notice. For purposes
of calculating refunds, all work performed up to the point of termination shall be calculated at the hourly
fee currently in effect. Clients will receive a pro-rata refund of unearned fees based on the time and effort
expended by our Firm.
There may be immaterial differences between the quarter end market value reflected on the Client’s
custodial statement and the valuation as of the last business day of the calendar quarter used for billing
purposes, given timing and account activity. If assets more than $50,000 are deposited into or withdrawn
from an account after the inception of a billing period, the fee payable with respect to such assets is
adjusted to reflect the interim change in portfolio value.
Commissionable Securities Sales
Our Firm and representatives do not sell securities resulting in compensation in the form of a commission in
advisory accounts.
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Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management
Our Firm does not charge performance-based fees.
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements
Client Types:
Our Firm has the following Client types: Individuals and High Net Worth Individuals; Trusts, Estates or
Charitable Organizations; Pension, Retirement Plans, and Profit Sharing Plans; Corporations, Limited
Liability Companies and/or Other Business Types.
Account Requirements:
In general, we do not require a minimum dollar amount to open and maintain an advisory account;
however, we have the right to terminate your account if it falls below a minimum size which, in our sole
opinion, is too small to manage effectively.
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis
We use the following methods of analysis in formulating our investment advice and/or managing client
assets:
Charting: Involves the gathering and processing of price and volume pattern information for a particular
security, sector, broad index, or commodity. This price and volume pattern information is analyzed. The
resulting pattern and correlation data is used to detect departures from expected performance and
diversification and predict future price movements and trends.
Risk: Our charting analysis may not accurately detect anomalies or predict future price movements.
Current prices of securities may reflect all information known about the security and day-to-day changes
in market prices of securities may follow random patterns and may not be predictable with any reliable
degree of accuracy.
Cyclical: A type of technical analysis that involves evaluating recurring price patterns and trends.
Economic/business cycles may not be predictable and may have many fluctuations between long- term
expansions and contractions.
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Investing: – Upon specific written request by a Client,
we may apply a set of standards called ESG to selection of investments for the Client’s portfolio.
Environmental, social, and governance criteria are a set of standards for a company’s operations that
socially conscious investors use to screen potential investments. Absent specific request by the Client,
ESG criteria are not a principal screen we utilize.
Environmental criteria consider how a company performs as a steward of nature and its ability to sustain
operations over the macro-scale. Environmental criteria may include a company’s energy use, waste,
pollution, natural resource conservation, and treatment of animals. The criteria can also be used in
evaluating any environmental risks a company might face and how the company is managing those
risks.
Social criteria examine how it manages relationships with employees, suppliers, customers, and the
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communities where it operates. Does it work with suppliers that hold the same values as they claim to
hold? Does the company donate a percentage of its profits to the local community or encourage
employees to perform volunteer work there? Do the company’s working conditions show high regard for
its employees’ health and safety? Are other stakeholders’ interests taken into account?
Governance specifically concerns a company’s leadership, executive pay, audits internal controls, and
shareholder rights. Investors may want to know whether a company uses accurate and transparent
accounting methods and that stockholders are allowed to vote on important issues. They may also want
assurances that companies avoid conflicts of interest in their choice of board members, don’t use political
contributions to obtain unduly favorable treatment and, does not engage in illegal practices.
There is no assurance or guarantee that applying such ESG criteria as a screening device for
investments to be included in the Client’s portfolio will improve investment performance and there is not
any assurance that it may not result in decreased investment performance. The Firm does not routinely
apply ESG criteria as any absolute screening criteria for investment selection, so Clients who desire more
stringent screening in this area should discuss this with the Firm in reference to their portfolio’s
management.
Fundamental Analysis: The analysis of a business's financial statements (usually to analyze the
business's assets, liabilities, and earnings), health, and its competitors and markets. When analyzing a
stock, futures contract, or currency using fundamental analysis there are two basic approaches one can
use: bottom up analysis and top down analysis. The terms are used to distinguish such analysis from
other types of investment analysis, such as quantitative and technical. Fundamental analysis is
performed on historical and present data, but with the goal of making financial forecasts. There are
several possible objectives: (a) to conduct a company stock valuation and predict its probable price
evolution; (b) to make a projection on its business performance; (c) to evaluate its management and
make internal business decisions; (d) and/or to calculate its credit risk.; and (e) to find out the intrinsic
value of the share.
Technical Analysis: A security analysis methodology for forecasting the direction of prices through the
study of past market data, primarily price and volume. A fundamental principle of technical analysis is
that a market's price reflects all relevant information, so their analysis looks at the history of a security's
trading pattern rather than external drivers such as economic, fundamental and news events. Therefore,
price action tends to repeat itself due to investors collectively tending toward patterned behavior – hence
technical analysis focuses on identifiable trends and conditions. Technical analysts also widely use
market indicators of many sorts, some of which are mathematical transformations of price, often
including up and down volume, advance/decline data and other inputs. These indicators are used to help
assess whether an asset is trending, and if it is, the probability of its direction and of continuation.
Third-Party Money Manager Analysis: The analysis of the experience, investment philosophies, and
past performance of independent third-party investment managers in an attempt to determine if that
manager has demonstrated an ability to invest with consistency and success over a period of time and
in different economic conditions. Analysis is completed by monitoring the manager’s underlying holdings,
strategies, concentrations, and leverage as part of our overall periodic risk assessment. Additionally, as
part of the due-diligence process, the manager’s compliance and business enterprise risks are surveyed
and reviewed. A risk of investing with a third-party manager who has been successful in the past is that
they may not be able to replicate that success in the future. In addition, as our Firm does not control the
underlying investments in a third-party manager’s portfolio, there is also a risk that a manager may
deviate from the stated investment mandate or strategy of the portfolio, making it a less suitable
investment for our clients. Moreover, as our Firm does not control the manager’s daily business and
compliance operations, our Firm may be unaware of the lack of internal controls necessary to prevent
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business, regulatory or reputational deficiencies.
Modern Portfolio Theory: A theory of investment which attempts to maximize portfolio expected return
for a given amount of portfolio risk or equivalently minimize risk for a given level of expected return, by
carefully diversifying the proportions of various assets. Though Modern Portfolio Theory has significant
academic support, there is no assurance that adhering to these principles will produce the optimum
investment outcome.
Security Analysis: Analysis of tradeable financial instruments called securities. These can be classified
into debt securities, equities, or some hybrid of the two. More broadly, futures contracts and tradeable
credit derivatives are sometimes included. Security analysis is typically divided into fundamental analysis,
which relies upon the examination of fundamental business factors such as financial statements, and
technical analysis, which focuses upon price trends and momentum. Quantitative analysis may use
indicators from both areas.
Sector Analysis: Sector analysis involves identification and analysis of various industries or economic
sectors that are likely to exhibit superior performance. Academic studies indicate that the health of a
stock's sector is as important as the performance of the individual stock itself. In other words, even the
best stock located in a weak sector will often perform poorly because that sector is out of favor. Each
industry has differences in terms of its customer base, market share among firms, industry growth,
competition, regulation, and business cycles. Learning how the industry operates provides a deeper
understanding of a company's financial health. One method of analyzing a company's growth potential
is examining whether the number of customers in the overall market is expected to grow. In some
markets, there is zero or negative growth, a factor demanding careful consideration. Additionally, market
analysts recommend that investors should monitor sectors that are nearing the bottom of performance
rankings for possible signs of an impending turnaround.
The decision-making for your portfolio is principally the result of the work of our Firm’s Investment Policy
Committee. The Committee assimilates all of the research and data from these various forms of analysis
and makes a judgment regarding the construction of the Firm’s model portfolio guidelines and the most
favorable investment securities to utilize within those model portfolio guidelines to meet Client’s goals
and objectives.
Investment Strategies & Asset Classes
We use the following strategies and asset classes in managing client accounts, provided that such
strategies are appropriate to the needs of the client and consistent with the client's investment objectives,
risk tolerance, and time horizons, among other considerations:
Asset Allocation: For most of the Firm’s clients, Asset Allocation is a broad overriding strategy which
means the implementation of an investment strategy that attempts to balance risk versus reward by
adjusting the percentage of each asset in an investment portfolio according to the investor's risk
tolerance, goals, and investment time frame. Asset allocation is based on the principle that different
assets perform differently in different market and economic conditions. A fundamental justification for
asset allocation is the notion that different asset classes offer returns that are not perfectly correlated,
hence diversification reduces the overall risk in terms of the variability of returns for a given level of
expected return. Although risk is reduced as long as correlations are not perfect, it is typically forecast
(wholly or in part) based on statistical relationships (like correlation and variance) that existed over some
past period. Expectations for return are often derived in the same way. An asset class is a group of
economic resources sharing similar characteristics, such as riskiness and return.
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There are many types of assets that may or may not be included in an asset allocation strategy. The
"traditional" asset classes are stocks (value, dividend, growth, or sector-specific [or a "blend" of any two
or more of the preceding]; large-cap versus mid-cap, small-cap or micro-cap; domestic, foreign
[developed], emerging or frontier markets), bonds (fixed income securities more generally: investment-
grade or junk [high- yield]; government or corporate; short-term, intermediate, long-term; domestic,
foreign, emerging markets), and cash or cash equivalents. Allocation among these three traditional
broad classes typically provides a starting point, and for many clients it is fully representative of the entire
portfolio. To a lesser extent or for certain clients, we may choose to include hybrid instruments such as
convertible bonds and preferred stocks, counting as a mixture of bonds and stocks. Other alternative
assets that may be considered include: commodities: precious metals, nonferrous metals, agriculture,
energy, others.; Commercial or residential real estate (generally through use of REITs); insurance
products (annuity, life settlements, catastrophe bonds, personal life insurance products, etc.); derivatives
such as long-short or market neutral strategies, options, collateralized debt, and futures; foreign
currency; venture capital; private equity; and/or distressed securities (or publicly-traded funds/ETFs that
utilize such derivatives).
Passive Investment Management vs Active Management: Passive investing involves building
portfolios that are comprised of various distinct asset classes. The asset classes are weighted in a
manner to achieve a desired relationship between correlation, risk, and return. Funds that passively
capture the returns of the desired asset classes are placed in the portfolio. The funds that are used to
build passive portfolios are typically index mutual funds or exchange traded index funds. Passive
investment management is characterized by low portfolio expenses (i.e. the funds inside the portfolio
have low internal costs), minimal trading costs (due to infrequent trading activity), and relative tax
efficiency (because the funds inside the portfolio are tax efficient and turnover inside the portfolio is
minimal).
In contrast, active management involves a single manager or managers who employ some method,
strategy, or technique to construct a portfolio that is intended to generate returns that are greater than the
broad market or a designated benchmark, or which intend to match the benchmark but at a lower risk of
volatility . Academic research indicates the majority of active managers underperform the market, and
because of fund expenses, that only a minority will outperform.
Our Firm utilizes both Active Management and Passive Management in constructing portfolios for our
clients.
Long-Term Purchases: Our Firm typically buys securities for your account with an intention to hold
them for a relatively long time (more than a year) in anticipation that the security’s value will appreciate
over a long horizon. The risk of this strategy is that our Firm could miss out on potential short-term gains
that could have been profitable to your account, or it’s possible that the security’s value may decline
sharply before our Firm makes a decision to sell.
Short-Term Purchases: On a much more limited basis, our Firm may buy securities for your account
with a short-term time horizon. When utilizing this strategy, our Firm may also purchase securities with
the idea of selling them within a relatively short time (typically a year or less). Our Firm does this in an
attempt to take advantage of conditions that our Firm believes will soon result in a price swing in the
securities our Firm purchase.
Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”): An ETF is a type of Investment Company (usually, an open- end
fund or unit investment trust) whose primary objective is to achieve the same return as a particular
market index. The particular market index may be one widely known and publicized or in some cases
will be a more privately constructed index that is created and maintained by the managing sponsor of
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the ETF. The vast majority of ETFs are designed to track an index, so their performance is close to that
of an index mutual fund, but they may not be exact duplicates. A tracking error, or the difference between
the returns of a fund and the returns of the index, can arise due to differences in composition,
management fees, expenses, and handling of dividends. ETFs benefit from continuous pricing; they can
be bought and sold on a stock exchange throughout the trading day. Because ETFs trade like stocks,
you can place orders just like individual stocks - such as limit orders, good-until-canceled orders, stop
loss orders etc. They can also be sold short. Traditional open-end mutual funds are bought and redeemed
based on their net asset values (“NAV”) only at the end of the day. ETFs are bought and sold at the market
prices on the exchanges, which resemble the underlying NAV but are independent of it. However,
arbitrageurs generally work to ensure that ETF prices are kept very close to the NAV of the underlying
securities. Although an investor can buy as small an amount as one share of an ETF, most buy in broad
lots. Anything bought in less than a board lot may increase the cost to the investor. Anyone can buy any
ETF no matter where in the world it trades. This provides a benefit over mutual funds, which generally can
only be bought in the country in which they are registered.
One of the main features of ETFs is their low annual fees, especially when compared to traditional mutual
funds. The passive nature of index investing, reduced marketing, and distribution and accounting
expenses all contribute to the lower fees.
Equity Securities: Most client portfolios include exposure to equity securities. Equity securities
represent an ownership position in a company. Equity securities typically consist of common stocks. The
prices of equity securities fluctuate based on, among other things, events specific to their issuers and
market, economic and other conditions. For example, prices of these securities can be affected by
financial contracts held by the issuer or third parties (such as derivatives) relating to the security or other
assets or indices. There may be little trading in the secondary market for certain equity securities
(referred to as “thinly traded”), which may adversely affect our Firm's ability to value accurately or dispose
of such equity securities. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, even if not based on fundamental
analysis, may decrease the value and/or liquidity of equity securities. Investing in smaller companies may
pose additional risks as it can be more difficult to value or dispose of small company stocks, more difficult
to obtain information about smaller companies, and the prices of their stocks may be more volatile than
stocks of larger, more established companies. In holding equity securities, clients should have a long-
term perspective and be able to tolerate potentially sharp declines in value.
Fixed Income: For many clients, we choose to include Fixed Income investments in their portfolio. Fixed
income is a type of investing for which nominal or real return rates of periodic income is received at
regular intervals and at reasonably predictable levels, and which typically includes some promise of a
return of a certain monetary amount at a future date. The rate of income may be either fixed or one that
floats based on prevailing interest rate conditions. Fixed-income investors are typically individuals who
prefer that this portion of their investments provides a regular, stable income stream. Fixed-income
investors who live on set amounts of periodically paid nominal dollar income face the risk of inflation
eroding their spending power over time.
Some examples of fixed-income investments include U.S. treasuries, money market instruments,
corporate bonds, asset-backed securities, municipal bonds, and international bonds. The primary risk
associated with fixed-income investments is the borrower/issuer defaulting on his payment.
Other considerations include exchange rate risk for international bonds and interest rate risk for longer-
dated securities. The most common type of fixed-income security is a bond. Bonds are issued by federal
governments, local municipalities, and major corporations. Fixed-income securities are recommended
for investors seeking a diverse portfolio; however, the percentage of the portfolio dedicated to fixed
income depends on your own personal investment style. There is also an opportunity to diversify the
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fixed-income component of a portfolio. Riskier fixed-income products, such as junk bonds and longer-
dated products, should comprise a lower percentage of your overall portfolio in the case of conservative
investors.
The interest payment on fixed-income securities is considered regular income and is determined based
on the creditworthiness of the borrower and current market rates. In general, bonds and fixed-income
securities with longer-dated maturities pay a higher rate, also referred to as the coupon rate, because
they are considered riskier. The longer the security is on the market before maturity, the more time it has
to lose its value and/or default. At the end of the bond term, or at bond maturity, the borrower returns the
amount borrowed, also referred to as the principal or par value.
Mutual Funds: Our Firm may include mutual fund investments in your portfolio. A mutual fund is a
company that pools money from many investors and invests that money in a variety of differing security
types based on the objectives of the fund. The portfolio of the fund consists of the combined holdings it
owns. Each share represents an investor’s proportionate ownership of the fund’s holdings and the
income those holdings generate. The price that investors pay for mutual fund shares are the fund’s per
share net asset value (“NAV”) plus any shareholder fees that the fund imposes at the time of purchase
(such as sales loads). Our Firm typically does not purchase the shares of mutual funds imposing a front-
end sales load. Investors typically cannot ascertain the exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio at any given
time, nor can they directly influence which securities the fund manager buys and sells, or the timing of
those trades. With a portfolio of individual stocks, investors can obtain real-time (or close to real-time)
pricing information with relative ease by checking financial websites or by calling a broker or your
investment adviser. Investors can also monitor how a stock’s price changes from hour to hour—or even
second to second. By contrast, with a mutual fund, the price at which an investor purchases or redeems
shares will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which is calculated only once daily after market close.
The benefits of investing through mutual funds include: (a) Mutual funds are professionally managed by
an investment adviser who researches, selects, and monitors the performance of the securities
purchased by the fund; (b) Mutual funds typically have the benefit of diversification, which is an investing
strategy that generally sums up as “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” Spreading investments across
a wide range of companies and industry sectors can help lower the risk if a company or sector fails.
Some investors find it easier to achieve diversification in certain asset classes or economic sectors
through ownership of mutual funds rather than through ownership of individual stocks or bonds.; (c) Some
mutual funds accommodate investors who do not have a lot of money to invest by setting relatively low
dollar amounts for initial purchases, subsequent monthly purchases, or both.; and (d) At any time, mutual
fund investors can readily redeem their shares at the current NAV, less any fees and charges assessed
on redemption.
Mutual funds also have features that some investors might view as disadvantages: (a) Investors may
pay sales charges to acquire or dispose of shares (although our Firm typically chooses funds with a view
of avoiding such charges), annual fees, and other expenses regardless of how the fund performs.
Depending on the timing of their investment, investors may also have to pay taxes on any capital gains
distributions they receive. This includes instances where the fund performed poorly after your initial
purchase of shares.; (b) Investors typically cannot ascertain the exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio at
any given time, nor can they directly influence which securities the fund manager buys and sells or the
timing of those trades.; and (c) With an individual stock, investors can obtain real-time (or close to real-
time) pricing information with relative ease by checking financial websites or by calling a broker or your
investment adviser. Investors can also monitor how a stock’s price changes from hour to hour—or even
second to second. By contrast, with a mutual fund, the price at which an investor purchases or redeems
shares will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which the fund might not calculate until many hours after
the investor placed the order. In general, mutual funds must calculate their NAV at least once every
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business day, typically after the major U.S. exchanges close.
When investors buy and hold an individual stock or bond, the investor must pay income tax each year
on the dividends or interest the investor receives. However, the investor will not have to pay any capital
gains tax until the investor actually sells and makes a profit. Mutual funds, however, are different. When
an investor buys and holds mutual fund shares, the investor will owe income tax on any ordinary
dividends in the year the investor receives or reinvests them. Moreover, in addition to owing taxes on
any personal capital gains when the investor sells shares in the fund, the investor may have to pay taxes
each year on the fund’s capital gains realized from the sale of securities within the fund. That is because
the law requires mutual funds to distribute capital gains to shareholders if they sell securities for a profit.
Index Funds: We may choose to include in your portfolio a specific type of mutual fund or exchange-
traded fund (“ETF”) designed to follow certain preset rules so that the fund can track specified basket of
underlying investments. Those rules may include tracking prominent indexes like the S&P 500 or the
Dow Jones Industrial Average or implementation rules, such as tax- management, tracking error
minimization, large block trading or patient/flexible trading strategies that allows for greater tracking error,
but lower market impact costs. Index funds may also have rules that screen for social and/or sustainable
criteria. An index fund’s rules of construction clearly identify the type of companies suitable for the fund.
The most commonly known index fund, the S&P 500 Index Fund, is based on the rules established by
Standard & Poor’s for their S&P 500 Index. Equity index funds would include groups of stocks with
similar characteristics such as the size, value, profitability and/or the geographic location of the
companies. A group of stocks may include companies from the United States, Non-US Developed,
emerging markets or Frontier Market countries. Additional index funds within these geographic markets
may include indexes of companies that include rules based on company characteristics or factors, such
as companies that are small, mid-sized, large, small value, large value, small growth, large growth, the
level of gross profitability or investment capital, real estate, or indexes based on commodities and fixed
income. Companies are purchased and held within the index fund when they meet the specific index
rules or parameters and are sold when they move outside of those rules or parameters. Think of an
index fund as an investment utilizing rules-based investing. Some index providers announce changes
of the companies in their index before the change date and other index providers do not make such
announcements.
Index funds must periodically "rebalance" or adjust their portfolios to match the new prices and market
capitalization of the underlying securities in the stock or other indexes that they track. This allows
algorithmic traders to perform index arbitrage by anticipating and trading ahead of stock price
movements caused by mutual fund rebalancing, making a profit on foreknowledge of the large
institutional block orders. This can result in profits being transferred from investors to algorithmic traders.
One problem can occur when a large amount of money tracks the same index. According to theory, a
company should not be worth more when it is in an index. But due to supply and demand, a company
being added can have a demand shock, and a company being deleted can have a supply shock, and this
will impact the price of the company’s stock, at least in the short term. This does not show up in tracking
error since the index is also affected. A fund may experience less of this impact by tracking a less popular
index.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”): REITs primarily invest in real estate or real estate- related
loans. Equity REITs own real estate properties, while mortgage REITs hold construction, development
and/or long-term mortgage loans. Changes in the value of the underlying property of the trusts, the
creditworthiness of the issuer, property taxes, interest rates, tax laws, and regulatory requirements, such
as those relating to the environment all can affect the values of REITs. Both types of REITs are
dependent upon management skill, the cash flows generated by their holdings, the real estate market in
general, and the possibility of failing to qualify for any applicable pass-through tax treatment or failing to
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maintain any applicable exempted status afforded under relevant laws.
REITs can involve a high degree of risk and certain REITs can be illiquid due to restrictions on transfer
and lack of a secondary trading market. Certain REITs can be highly leveraged, speculative, and volatile,
and an investor could lose all or a substantial amount of an investment. Additionally, they may lack
transparency as to share price, valuation, and portfolio holdings as they are subject to less regulation and
often charge higher fees. Our Firm may include REITs in a client’s portfolio but generally avoids non-
traded, illiquid, or private REITs in favor of more established publicly traded REITs with longer public
track records.
Fund of Funds (“FOF”): For some clients’ portfolios, we may choose to include investment in a fund of
funds. A fund of funds is a multi-manager investment strategy in which a fund invests in other types of
funds. This strategy invests in a portfolio that contains different underlying assets instead of investing
directly in bonds, stocks, and other types of securities. The FOF strategy aims to achieve broad
diversification and appropriate asset allocation with investments in a variety of fund categories that are
all wrapped into one fund. These are fund of funds characteristics that attract small investors who want
to get better exposure with fewer risks compared to directly investing in securities. However, if the fund
of funds carries an operating expense, investors are essentially paying double for an expense that is
already included in the expense figures of the underlying funds.
Margin Transactions: Though infrequent, our Firm may choose to purchase securities for your portfolio
and hold them for short periods of time using money borrowed from your brokerage account. More
common is a situation where we may allow or recommend that you pledge securities from your portfolio
as collateral for a loan by using margin in a brokerage account. Either of these allow you to purchase or
hold more stock than you would be able to with your available cash and allows us to purchase securities
without selling other holdings. Margin accounts and transactions generally increase risk and not
necessarily appropriate for every client. The potential risks associated with these transactions are: (i)
You can lose more funds than are deposited into the margin account; (ii) the forced sale of securities or
other assets in your account; (iii) the sale of securities or other assets without contacting you; (iv) you
may not be entitled to choose which securities or other assets in your account(s) are liquidated or sold
to meet a margin call; and (iv) custodians charge interest on margin balances which will reduce your
returns over time.
Options: An option is a financial derivative that represents a contract sold by one party (the option writer)
to another party (the option holder, or option buyer). The contract offers the buyer the right, but not the
obligation, to buy or sell a security or other financial asset at an agreed-upon price (the strike price)
during a certain period of time or on a specific date (exercise date). Options are extremely versatile
securities. Traders use options to speculate, which is a relatively risky practice, while hedgers use options
to reduce the risk of holding an asset. In terms of speculation, option buyers and writers have conflicting
views regarding the outlook on the performance of a:
• Call Option: Call options give the buyer the option to buy at certain price, so the buyer would
want the stock to go up. Conversely, the option writer needs to provide the underlying shares
in the event that the stock's market price exceeds the strike due to the contractual obligation.
An option writer who sells a call option believes that the underlying stock's price will drop or
remain lower than the option's strike price during the life of the option, and that is how he will
reap maximum profit. This is exactly the opposite outlook of the option buyer. The buyer
believes that the underlying stock will rise; if this happens, the buyer will be able to acquire
the stock for a lower price and then sell it for a profit. However, if the underlying stock does
not close above the strike price on the expiration date, the option buyer could lose the
premium paid for the call option.
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• Put Option: Put options give the option to sell at a certain price, so the buyer would want
the stock to go down. The opposite is true for put option writers. For example, a put option
buyer is bearish on the underlying stock and believes its market price will fall below the
specified strike price on or before a specified date. On the other hand, an option writer who
sells a put option believes the underlying stock's price will increase about a specified price
on or before the expiration date. If the underlying stock's price closes above the specified
strike price on the expiration date, the put option writer's maximum profit is achieved.
Conversely, a put option holder would only benefit from a fall in the underlying stock's price
below the strike price. If the underlying stock's price falls below the strike price, the put option
writer is obligated to purchase shares of the underlying stock at the strike price.
The potential risks associated with these transactions are that (1) all options expire. The closer the option
gets to expiration, the quicker the premium in the option deteriorates; and (2) Prices can move very
quickly. Depending on factors such as time until expiration and the relationship of the stock price to the
option’s strike price, small movements in a stock can translate into big movements in the underlying
options. Our Firm does not use options in client portfolios to speculate but occasionally uses options to
reduce risk for a particular strategy in a given client situation. Our Firm does use various ETFs that employ
the use of options as a hedging strategy rather than a trading strategy to reduce risk.
Private Equity: Private equity is an equity investment in non-publicly traded companies. The private
equity investor looks at an investment prospect as investing in a company as opposed to investing in a
company's stock. Private equity funds hold illiquid positions (for which there is no active secondary
market) and typically only invest in the equity and debt of target companies which are generally taken
private and brought under the private equity manager's control. Risks associated with private equity
include:
• Funding Risk: The unpredictable timing of cash flows poses funding risks to investors.
Commitments are contractually binding and defaulting on payments results in the loss of
private equity partnership interests. This risk is also commonly referred to as default risk.
• Liquidity Risk: The illiquidity of private equity partnership interests exposes investors to
asset liquidity risk associated with selling in the secondary market at a discount on the
reported NAV.
• Market Risk: The fluctuation of the market has an impact on the value of the investments
held in the portfolio.
• Capital Risk: The realization value of private equity investments can be affected by
numerous factors, including (but not limited to) the quality of the fund manager, equity
market exposure, interest rates and foreign exchange.
Our Firm does not invest in private equity investments except upon request for inclusion of such
investment exposure by the client.
Private Funds: A private fund is an investment vehicle that pools capital from a number of investors
and invests in securities and other instruments. In almost all cases, a private fund is a private investment
vehicle that is typically not registered under federal or state securities laws. So that private funds do not
have to register under these laws, issuers make the funds available only to certain sophisticated or
accredited investors and cannot be offered or sold to the general public. Private funds are generally
smaller than mutual funds because they are often limited to a small number of investors and have a more
limited number of eligible investors. Many but not all private funds use leverage as part of their investment
strategies. Private funds management fees typically include a base management fee along with a
performance component. In many cases, the fund’s managers may become “partners” with their clients
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by making personal investments of their own assets in the fund. Most private funds offer their securities
by providing an offering memorandum or private placement memorandum, known as “PPM” for short.
The PPM covers important information for investors and investors should review this document carefully
and should consider conducting additional due diligence before investing in the private fund. The primary
risks of private funds include the following: (a) Private funds do not sell publicly and are therefore illiquid.
An investor may not be able to exit a private fund or sell its interests in the fund before the fund closes.;
and (b) Private funds are subject to various other risks, including risks associated with the types of
securities that the private fund invests in or the type of business issuing the private placement.
Our Firm does not invest in private fund investments except upon request for inclusion of such
investment exposure by the client.
Structured Products: Structured products are designed to facilitate highly customized risk-return
objectives. While structured products come in many different forms, they typically consist of a debt security
that is structured to make interest and principal payments based upon various assets, rates or formulas.
Many structured products include an embedded derivative component. Structured products may be
structured in the form of a security, in which case these products may receive benefits provided under
federal securities law, or they may be cast as derivatives, in which case they are offered in the over-the-
counter market and are subject to no regulation.
Investing in structured products includes significant risks, including valuation, lack of liquidity, price,
credit, and market risks. The relative lack of liquidity is due to the highly customized nature of the
investment and the fact that the full extent of returns from the complex performance features is often not
realized until maturity.
Another risk with structured products is the credit quality of the issuer. Although the cash flows are
derived from other sources, the products themselves are legally considered to be the issuing financial
institution's liabilities. The vast majority of structured products are from high-investment- grade issuers
only. Also, there is a lack of pricing transparency. There is no uniform standard for pricing, making it
harder to compare the net-of-pricing attractiveness of alternative structured product offerings than it is,
for instance, to compare the net expense ratios of different mutual funds or commissions among broker-
dealers.
Our Firm does not use individual structured products in client portfolios except upon individual request
of the client. Some mutual funds, however, may include exposure to structured products within their
managed portfolios.
Variable Annuities (“VA”): A variable annuity is a type of annuity contract that allows for the
accumulation of capital on a tax-deferred basis. As opposed to a fixed annuity that offers a guaranteed
interest rate and a minimum payment at annuitization, variable annuities offer investors the opportunity
to generate higher rates of returns by investing in equity and bond subaccounts. If a variable annuity is
annuitized for income, the income payments can vary based on the performance of the subaccounts.
Risks associated with VAs may include:
• Taxes and federal penalties for early withdrawal
• Surrender charges for early withdrawal can last for years
• Earnings taxed at ordinary income tax rates
• Mortality expense to compensate the insurance company for insurance risks
• Fees and expenses imposed for the subaccounts
• Other features with additional fees and charges
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• Investment losses
Our Firm does not use variable annuities as an investment vehicle for clients except where dictated by
special client circumstances, and then only after discussion with the client
Alternative Investments: These generally include hedge funds, commodity pools, Real Estate
Investment Trusts (“REITs”), Business Development Companies (“BDCs”), and other alternative
investments which involve a high degree of risk and can be illiquid due to restrictions on transfer and
lack of a secondary trading market. We do not typically invest client accounts in and/or advise clients on
the purchase or sale of alternative assets. Such assets will only be included in the portfolio upon client
request and after discussion between the client and the Firm. They can be highly leveraged, speculative,
and volatile, and an investor could lose all or a substantial amount of an investment. Alternative
investments may lack transparency as to share price, valuation, and portfolio holdings. Complex tax
structures often result in delayed tax reporting. Compared to mutual funds, hedge funds and commodity
pools are subject to less regulation and often charge higher fees and may require “capital calls” which
would require additional investment. Alternative investment managers typically exercise broad
investment discretion and may apply similar strategies across multiple investment vehicles, resulting in
less diversification.
Digital Assets: Digital Assets generally refers to an asset that is issued and/or transferred using
distributed ledger or blockchain technology, including, “virtual currencies” (also known as crypto-
currencies), “coins”, and “tokens”. We do not typically invest client accounts in and/or advise clients on
the purchase or sale of digital assets. Such assets will only be included in the portfolio upon client request
and after discussion between the client and the Firm. This advice or investment may be in actual digital
coins/tokens/currencies or via investment vehicles such as exchange traded funds (ETFs) or separately
managed accounts (SMAs). The investment characteristics of Digital Assets generally differ from those
of traditional securities and currencies. Digital Assets are not backed by a central bank or a national,
international organization, any hard assets, human capital, or other form of credit and are relatively new
to the marketplace. Rather, Digital Assets are market-based: a Digital Asset’s value is determined by
(and fluctuates often, according to) supply and demand factors, its adoption in the traditional commerce
channels, and/or the value that various market participants place on it through their mutual agreement
or transactions. The lack of history to these types of investments entail certain unknown risks, are
speculative and are not appropriate for all investors.
• Price Volatility of Digital Assets: A principal risk in trading Digital Assets is the rapid
fluctuation of market price. The value of client portfolios relates in part to the value of the
Digital Assets held in the client portfolio and fluctuations in the price of Digital Assets could
adversely affect the value of a client’s portfolio. There is no guarantee that a client will be
able to achieve a better than average market price for Digital Assets or will purchase Digital
Assets at the most favorable price available. The price of Digital Assets achieved by a
client may be affected generally by a wide variety of complex factors such as supply and
demand; availability and access to Digital Asset service providers (such as payment
processors), exchanges, miners or other Digital Asset users and market participants;
perceived or actual security vulnerability; and traditional risk factors including inflation
levels; fiscal policy; interest rates; and political, natural, and economic events.
• Digital Asset Service Providers: Service providers that support Digital Assets and the
Digital Asset marketplace(s) may not be subject to the same regulatory and professional
oversight as traditional securities service providers. Further, there is no assurance that the
availability of and access to virtual currency service providers will not be negatively
affected by government regulation or supply and demand of Digital Assets. Accordingly,
companies or financial institutions that currently support virtual currency may not do so in
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the future.
• Custody of Digital Assets: Under the Advisers Act, SEC registered investment advisers are
required to hold securities with “qualified custodians,” among other requirements. Certain
Digital Assets may be deemed to be securities. Many Digital Assets do not currently fall
under the SEC definition of security and therefore many of the companies providing Digital
Assets custodial services fall outside of the SEC’s definition of “qualified custodian”.
Accordingly, clients seeking to purchase actual digital coins/tokens/currencies may need
to use nonqualified custodians to hold all or a portion of their Digital Assets.
Government Oversight of Digital Assets: Regulatory agencies and/or the constructs responsible for
oversight of Digital Assets or a Digital Asset network may not be fully developed and subject to change.
Regulators may adopt laws, regulations, policies, or rules directly or indirectly affecting Digital Assets their
treatment, transacting, custody, and valuation.
Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. While the stock market
may increase and the account(s) could enjoy a gain, it is also possible that the stock market may decrease,
and the account(s) could suffer a loss. It is important that clients understand the risks associated with
investing in the stock market, and that their assets are appropriately diversified in investments. Clients
are encouraged to ask our Firm any questions in order to assess their risk tolerance.
Capital Risk: Capital risk is one of the most basic, fundamental risks of investing; it is the risk that you
may lose 100% of your money. All investments carry some form of risk, and the loss of capital is generally
a risk for almost any investment instrument. The degree of this risk varies between types of investments.
Company Risk: When investing in stock positions, there is always a certain level of company or industry
specific risk that is inherent in each investment. This is sometimes referred to as unsystematic risk and
can be reduced, but not eliminated, through appropriate diversification. There is the risk that the
company will perform poorly or have its value reduced based on factors specific to the company or its
industry. For example, if a company’s employees go on strike or the company receives unfavorable
media attention for its actions, the value of the company’s stock may be reduced.
Economic Risk: The prevailing economic environment is generally important to the health of almost all
businesses. Some companies, however, are more sensitive to changes in the domestic or global
economy than others. These types of companies are often referred to as cyclical businesses. Countries
in which a large portion of businesses are in cyclical industries are thus also very economically sensitive
and carry a higher amount of economic risk. If an investment is issued by a party located in a country
that experiences wide swings from an economic standpoint or in situations where certain elements of an
investment instrument are hinged on dealings in such countries, the investment instrument will generally
be subject to a higher level of economic risk.
Equity (Stock) Market Risk: Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations, and
this can mean volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of
their issuers change. If you held common stock, or common stock equivalents, of any given issuer, you
would generally be exposed to greater risk than if you held preferred stocks or debt obligations of the
issuer.
ETF & Mutual Fund Risk: When investing in an ETF or mutual fund, you will bear additional expenses
based on your pro rata share of the ETF’s or mutual fund’s operating expenses, including the potential
duplication of management fees. The risk of owning an ETF or mutual fund generally reflects the risks of
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owning the underlying securities, the ETF, or mutual fund holds. Clients may also incur brokerage costs
when purchasing or selling ETFs.
Financial Risk: Financial risk is represented by internal disruptions within an investment or the issuer
of an investment that can lead to unfavorable performance of the investment. Examples of financial risk
can be seen historically in cases like Enron or many of the dot com companies of the late 1990’s that were
caught up in a period of extraordinary market valuations that were not based on solid financial foundations
of the underlying companies.
Fixed Income Securities Risk: Typically, the values of fixed-income securities change inversely with
changes in the level of prevailing interest rates. Therefore, a fundamental risk of fixed-income securities
is interest rate risk, which is the risk that their market value will generally decline as prevailing interest
rates rise, which may cause your account value to likewise decrease, and vice versa. The manner in
which specific fixed income securities may react to changes in interest rates will depend on the specific
characteristics of each security. Fixed-income securities are also subject to credit risk, prepayment risk,
valuation risk, and liquidity risk. Credit risk is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest and
principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments
will cause the price of a bond to decline.
Higher Trading Costs: For any investment instrument or strategy that involves active or frequent trading,
you may experience larger than usual transaction-related costs. Higher transaction- related costs can
negatively affect overall investment performance.
Inflation Risk: Inflation risk involves the concern that in the future, your investment or proceeds from
your investment will not match the same purchasing power value they have today. Throughout time, the
prices of resources and end-user products generally increase and thus, the same general goods and
products today will likely be more expensive in the future. The longer an investment is held, the greater
the chance that the proceeds from monetization of that investment will possess less buying power in the
future than what that same amount of proceeds would purchase today. Said another way, a dollar
tomorrow will likely get you less than what it can today.
Legal/Regulatory Risk: Certain investments or the issuers of investments may be affected by changes
in state or federal laws or in the prevailing regulatory framework under which the investment instrument
or its issuer is regulated. Changes in the regulatory environment or tax laws can affect the performance
of certain investments or issuers of those investments and thus, can have a negative impact on the
overall performance of such investments.
Liquidity Risk: Certain assets may not be readily and easily converted into cash or may have a very
limited market in which they trade. This can create a substantial delay in the receipt of proceeds from an
investment. Liquidity risk can also result in unfavorable pricing when exiting (i.e. not being able to quickly
get out of an investment before the price drops significantly) a particular investment and therefore, can
have a negative impact on investment returns.
Market Risk: The value of your portfolio may decrease if the value of an individual company or multiple
companies in the portfolio decreases or if our belief about a company’s intrinsic worth is incorrect.
Further, regardless of how well individual companies perform, the value of your portfolio could also
decrease if there are deteriorating economic or market conditions. It is important to understand that the
value of your investment may fall, sometimes sharply, in response to changes in the market, even if the
underlying economic fortunes of the companies whose stocks you own have not deteriorated, with the
result that you could lose money. Investment risks include price risk as may be observed by a drop in a
security’s price due to company specific events (e.g. earnings disappointment or downgrade in the rating
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of a bond) or general market risk (e.g. such as a “bear” market when stock values fall in general). For
fixed-income securities, a period of rising interest rates could erode the value of a bond since bond values
generally fall as bond yields go up. Past performance is not a guarantee of future returns.
Options Risk: Options on securities may be subject to greater fluctuations in value than an investment
in the underlying securities. Additionally, options have an expiration date, which makes them “decay” in
value over the amount of time they are held because they can expire worthless. Purchasing and writing
put and call options are highly specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary investment risks.
Past Performance: Charting and technical analysis are often used interchangeably. Technical analysis
generally attempts to forecast an investment’s future potential by analyzing its past performance and
other related statistics. In particular, technical analysis often involves an evaluation of historical pricing
and volume of a particular security for the purpose of forecasting where future price and volume figures
may go. As with any investment analysis method, technical analysis runs the risk of not knowing the
future and thus, investors should realize that even the most diligent and thorough technical analysis
cannot predict or guarantee the future performance of any particular investment instrument or issuer
thereof.
Preferred Securities Risk: Preferred Securities generally have similar characteristics to bonds in that
preferred securities are usually designed to make fixed payments based on a percentage of their par
value and are senior to common stock. Like bonds, the market value of preferred securities is sensitive
to changes in interest rates as well as changes in issuer credit quality. Preferred securities, however,
are junior to bonds with regard to the distribution of corporate earnings and liquidation in the event of
bankruptcy. Preferred securities that are in the form of preferred stock also differ from bonds in that
dividends on preferred stock must be declared by the issuer’s board of directors, whereas interest
payments on bonds generally do not require action by the issuer’s board of directors, and bondholders
generally have protections that preferred stockholders do not have, such as indentures that are designed
to guarantee payments – subject to the credit quality of the issuer – with terms and conditions for the
benefit of bondholders. In contrast preferred stocks generally pay dividends, not interest payments,
which can be deferred or stopped in the event of credit stress without triggering bankruptcy or default.
Another difference is that preferred dividends are paid from the issue’s after-tax profits, while bond interest
is paid before taxes.
Strategy Risk: There is no guarantee that the investment strategies discussed herein will work under
all market conditions or any conditions, and each investor should evaluate his/her ability to maintain any
investment he/she is considering in light of his/her own investment time horizon. Investments are subject
to risk, including possible loss of principal.
Description of Material, Significant, or Unusual Risks
Our Firm generally invests client cash balances in money market funds, FDIC Insured Certificates of
Deposit, high-grade commercial paper and/or government backed debt instruments. Ultimately, our Firm
tries to achieve the highest return on client cash balances consistent with safety, through relatively low-
risk conservative investments. In most cases, at least a partial cash balance will be maintained in a
money market account so that our Firm may debit advisory fees for our services related to our
Comprehensive Portfolio Management service. A modest cash balance is also maintained as what we
consider a “trading buffer” allowing us to make changes in portfolio positions for both the buy and sell
side of a transaction without having to wait for cash from settlement, which may be one to three days
later.
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Item 9: Disciplinary Information
There are no legal or disciplinary events that are material to the evaluation of our advisory business or
the integrity of our management.
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations
Dynasty Network
Our Firm maintains a business relationship with Dynasty Financial Partners, LLC (“Dynasty”). Dynasty
offers operational and back-office core service support including access to a network of service
providers. Through the Dynasty network of service providers, we may receive preferred pricing on
trading, technology, transition support, reporting, custody, brokerage, compliance, and other related
consulting services.
While we believe this open architecture structure for operational services best serves the interest of our
Clients, this relationship may potentially present certain conflicts of interest due to the fact that Dynasty
is paid by us for the services referenced above. We believe that this combination of services is acquired
for a cost more economical than what we could reproduce independently, but to the extent that might not
be the case, our Firm’s profitability would be lower than otherwise and impact the Concession fee credit
to clients described above. In light of the foregoing, we seek at all times to ensure that any material
conflicts are addressed on a fully-disclosed basis and handled in a manner that is aligned with the Client’s
best interest. We do not receive any portion of the fees paid directly to Dynasty, its affiliates or the
service providers made available through Dynasty’s platform. In addition, we review such relationships,
including the service providers engaged through Dynasty, on a periodic basis in an effort to ensure you
are receiving competitive rates in relation to the quality and scope of the services provided.
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in
Client Transactions & Personal Trading
Description of Our Code of Ethics
We strive to comply with applicable laws and regulations governing our practices. Therefore, our Code
of Ethics includes guidelines for professional standards of conduct for persons associated with our Firm. Our
goal is to protect your interests at all times and to demonstrate our commitment to our fiduciary duties of
honesty, good faith, and fair dealing with you. All persons associated with our Firm are expected to adhere
strictly to these guidelines. Persons associated with our Firm are also required to report any violations of
our Code of Ethics. Additionally, we maintain and enforce written policies reasonably designed to prevent
the misuse or dissemination of material, non-public information about you or your account holdings by
persons associated with our Firm.
Clients or prospective clients may obtain a copy of our Code of Ethics by contacting us at the telephone
number on the cover page of this brochure.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
Neither our Firm nor any persons associated with our Firm has any material financial interest in client
transactions beyond the provision of investment advisory services as disclosed in this brochure.
Personal Trading Practices
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Our Firm or persons associated with our Firm may buy or sell the same securities that we recommend to you
or securities in which you are already invested. A conflict of interest exists in such cases because we
have the ability to trade ahead of you and potentially receive more favorable prices than you will receive. To
mitigate this conflict of interest, it is our policy that neither our Firm nor persons associated with our Firm
shall have priority over your account in the purchase or sale of securities. At any time that particular
securities come under review by our Investment Committee for potential purchase or sale, firm
employees are restricted from any trading in such securities until a Committee investment decision is
finalized and executed or passed on.
Aggregated Trading
Our Firm or persons associated with our Firm may buy or sell securities for you at the same time we or
persons associated with our Firm buy or sell such securities for our own account. We may also combine
our orders to purchase securities with your orders to purchase securities ("aggregated trading"). Refer to
the Brokerage Practices section in this brochure for information on our aggregated trading practices.
A conflict of interest exists in such cases because we have the ability to trade ahead of you and
potentially receive more favorable prices than you will receive. To mitigate this conflict of interest, it is our
policy that neither our Firm nor persons associated with our Firm shall have priority over your account in
the purchase or sale of securities.
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
Selecting a Brokerage Firm/Custodian
Fidelity
The following disclosure is provided to you for those cases where we recommend National Financial
Services LLC and Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC (collectively and together with all affiliates, “Fidelity”)
as your brokerage custodian:
While our Firm does not maintain physical custody of client assets, we are deemed to have custody of
certain client assets if given the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts (see Item 15 Custody,
below). Client assets must be maintained by a qualified custodian. Our Firm seeks to recommend a
custodian who will hold client assets and execute transactions on terms that are overall most
advantageous when compared to other available providers and their services. The factors considered,
among others, are these:
• Timeliness of execution
• Timeliness and accuracy of trade
• Custody services provided
• Frequency and correction of trading
confirmations
errors
• Ability to access a variety of market
• Research services provided
venues
• Execution facilitation services provided
• Record keeping services provided
• Business reputation
• Expertise as it relates to specific securities
• Financial condition
• Quality of services
Our Firm has an arrangement with National Financial Services LLC and Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC
(collectively, and together with all affiliates, "Fidelity"), through which Fidelity provides our Firm with
"institutional platform services." Our Firm is independently operated and owned and is not affiliated with
Fidelity. The institutional platform services include, among others, brokerage, custody, and other related
services. Fidelity's institutional platform services that assist us in managing and administering clients'
accounts include software and other technology that (i) provide access to client account data (such as trade
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confirmations and account statements); (ii) facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders
for multiple client accounts; (iii) provide research, pricing and other market data; (iv) facilitate payment of
fees from its clients' accounts; and (v) assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping and client
reporting.
Fidelity may make certain research and brokerage services available at no additional cost to our Firm.
Research products and services provided by Fidelity may include: research reports on recommendations
or other information about particular companies or industries; economic surveys, data and analyses;
financial database software and services;
financial publications; portfolio evaluation services;
computerized news and pricing services; quotation equipment for use in running software used in
investment decision-making; and other products or services that provide lawful and appropriate assistance
by Fidelity to our Firm in the performance of our investment decision-making responsibilities. The
aforementioned research and brokerage services qualify for the safe harbor exemption defined in
Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Fidelity does not make fees generated by client transactions available for our Firm’s use. The
aforementioned research and brokerage services are used by our Firm to manage accounts for which
our Firm has investment discretion. Without this arrangement, our Firm might be compelled to purchase
the same or similar services at our own expense.
As part of our fiduciary duty to our clients, our Firm will endeavor at all times to put the interests of our
clients first. Clients should be aware, however, that the receipt of economic benefits by our Firm or our
related persons creates a potential conflict of interest and may indirectly influence our Firm’s choice of
Fidelity as a custodial recommendation. Our Firm examined this potential conflict of interest when our
Firm chose to recommend Fidelity and have determined that the recommendation is in the best interest
of our Firm’s clients and satisfies our fiduciary obligations, including our duty to seek best execution. Our
clients may pay a transaction fee or commission to Fidelity that is higher than another qualified broker
dealer might charge to effect the same transaction where our Firm determines in good faith that the
commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided to the
client as a whole.
In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the
transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of a broker-
dealer’s services, including the value of research provided, execution capability, commission rates, and
responsiveness. Although our Firm will seek competitive rates, to the benefit of all clients, our Firm may
not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for specific client account transactions.
Schwab
We may recommend that you utilize the Schwab Advisor Services division of Charles Schwab & Co.,
Inc. (“Schwab”) as your broker-custodian. The following disclosure is provided if we have made a
recommendation of Schwab:
Our Firm does not maintain custody of client assets (although our Firm may be deemed to have custody
of client assets if give the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts. See Item 15 Custody, below).
Client assets must be maintained in an account at a “qualified custodian,” generally a broker-dealer or
bank. Our Firm recommends that clients use the Schwab Advisor Services division of Charles Schwab
& Co. Inc. (“Schwab”), a FINRA-registered broker-dealer, member SIPC, as the qualified custodian. Our
Firm is independently owned and operated and not affiliated with Schwab. Schwab will hold client assets
in a brokerage account and buy and sell securities when instructed. While our Firm recommends that
clients use Schwab as custodian/broker, clients will decide whether to do so and open an account with
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Schwab by entering into an account agreement directly with them. Our Firm does not open the account.
Even though the account is maintained at Schwab, our Firm can still use other brokers to execute trades,
as described in the next paragraph.
How Brokers/Custodians Are Selected
Our Firm seeks to recommend a custodian/broker who will hold client assets and execute transactions
on terms that are overall most advantageous when compared to other available providers and their
services. A wide range of factors are considered, including, but not limited to:
• combination of transaction execution services along with asset custody services (generally
without a separate fee for custody)
• capability to execute, clear and settle trades (buy and sell securities for client accounts)
• capabilities to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers, check
requests, bill payment, etc.)
• breadth of investment products made available (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange
traded funds (ETFs), etc.)
• availability of investment research and tools that assist in making investment decisions
quality of services
• competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, margin interest rates,
other fees, etc.) and willingness to negotiate them
reputation, financial strength, and stability of the provider
•
• prior service to our Firm and our other clients
• availability of other products and services that benefit our Firm, as discussed below (see
“Products & Services Available from Schwab”)
Custody & Brokerage Costs
Schwab generally does not charge a separate for custody services but is compensated by charging
commissions or other fees to clients on trades that are executed or that settle into the Schwab account.
In addition to commissions, Schwab charges a flat dollar amount as a “prime broker” or “trade away” fee
for each trade that our Firm has executed by a different broker-dealer but where the securities bought or
the funds from the securities sold are deposited (settled) into a Schwab account. These fees are in
addition to the commissions or other compensation paid to the executing broker-dealer. Because of this,
in order to minimize client trading costs, our Firm has Schwab execute most trades for the accounts.
Products & Services Available from Schwab
Schwab Advisor Services is Schwab’s business serving independent investment advisory Firms like our
Firm. They provide our Firm and clients with access to its institutional brokerage – trading, custody,
reporting and related services – many of which are not typically available to Schwab retail customers.
Schwab also makes available various support services. Some of those services help manage or
administer our client accounts while others help manage and grow our business. Schwab’s support
services are generally available on an unsolicited basis (our Firm does not have to request them) and at
no charge to our Firm. The availability of Schwab’s products and services is not based on the provision
of particular investment advice, such as purchasing particular securities for clients. Here is a more
detailed description of Schwab’s support services:
Services that Benefit Clients
Schwab’s institutional brokerage services include access to a broad range of investment products,
execution of securities transactions, and custody of client assets. The investment products available
through Schwab include some to which our Firm might not otherwise have access or that would require
a significantly higher minimum initial investment by Firm clients. Schwab’s services described in this
paragraph generally benefit clients and their accounts.
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Services that May Not Directly Benefit Clients
Schwab also makes available other products and services that benefit our Firm but may not directly
benefit clients or their accounts. These products and services assist in managing and administering our
client accounts. They include investment research, both Schwab’s and that of third parties. This research
may be used to service all or some substantial number of client accounts, including accounts not
maintained at Schwab. In addition to investment research, Schwab also makes available software and
other technology that:
• provides access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account
•
statements);
facilitates trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client
accounts;
facilitates payment of our fees from our clients’ accounts; and
• provides pricing and other market data;
•
• assists with back-office functions, recordkeeping, and client reporting.
Services that Generally Benefit Only Our Firm
Schwab also offers other services intended to help manage and further develop our business
enterprise. These services include:
technology, compliance, legal, and business consulting;
• educational conferences and events
•
• publications and conferences on practice management and business succession; and
• access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants and insurance
providers.
Schwab may provide some of these services itself. In other cases, Schwab will arrange for third- party
vendors to provide the services to our Firm. Schwab may also discount or waive fees for some of these
services or pay all or a part of a third party’s fees. Schwab may also provide our Firm with other benefits,
such as occasional business entertainment for our personnel. Irrespective of direct or indirect benefits to
our client through Schwab, our Firm strives to enhance the client experience, help clients reach their goals
and put client interests before that of our Firm or associated persons.
Our Interest in Schwab’s Services
The availability of these services from Schwab benefits our Firm because our Firm does not have to
produce or purchase them. Our Firm does not have to pay for these services, and they are not contingent
upon committing any specific amount of business to Schwab in trading commissions or assets in
custody.
In light of our arrangements with Schwab, a conflict of interest exists as our Firm may have incentive to
require that clients maintain their accounts with Schwab based on our interest in receiving Schwab’s
services that benefit our Firm rather than based on client interest in receiving the best value in custody
services and the most favorable execution of transactions. As part of our fiduciary duty to our clients, our
Firm will endeavor at all times to put the interests of our clients first. Clients should be aware, however,
that the receipt of economic benefits by our Firm or our related persons creates a potential conflict of
interest and may indirectly influence our Firm’s choice of Schwab as a custodial recommendation. Our
Firm examined this potential conflict of interest when our Firm chose to recommend Schwab and have
determined that the recommendation is in the best interest of our Firm’s clients and satisfies our fiduciary
obligations, including our duty to seek best execution.
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Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC
In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the
transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of a broker-
dealer’s services, including the value of research provided, execution capability, commission rates, and
responsiveness. Although our Firm will seek competitive rates, to the benefit of all clients, our Firm may
not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for specific client account transactions. Our
Firm believes that the selection of Schwab as a custodian and broker is the best interest of our clients. It
is primarily supported by the scope, quality, and price of Schwab’s services, and not Schwab’s services
that only benefit our Firm.
Client Fees for Transactions
Neither Fidelity nor Schwab makes client fees generated by client transactions available for our Firm’s
use.
Client Transactions in Return for Soft Dollars
Our Firm does not direct client transactions to a particular broker-dealer in return for soft dollar benefits.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
Our Firm does not receive brokerage for client referrals.
Directed Brokerage
Neither our Firm nor any of our Firm’s representatives have discretionary authority in making the
determination of the brokers-dealers and/or custodians with whom orders for the purchase or sale of
securities are placed for execution, and the commission rates at which such securities transactions are
effected. Our Firm routinely recommends that clients direct us to execute through a specified broker-
dealer. Our Firm generally recommends the use of Fidelity or Schwab. In most cases, client will be
required to establish their account(s) with Fidelity or Schwab if not already done. Please note that not all
advisers have this requirement.
Special Considerations for ERISA Clients
A retirement or ERISA plan client may direct all or part of portfolio transactions for its account through a
specific broker or dealer in order to obtain goods or services on behalf of the plan. Such direction is
permitted provided that the goods and services provided are reasonable expenses of the plan incurred
in the ordinary course of its business for which it otherwise would be obligated and empowered to pay.
ERISA prohibits directed brokerage arrangements when the goods or services purchased are not for the
exclusive benefit of the plan. Consequently, our Firm will request that plan sponsors who direct plan
brokerage provide us with a letter documenting that this arrangement will be for the exclusive benefit of
the plan.
Client-Directed Brokerage
Our Firm may establish accounts which allow clients to direct brokerage outside our recommendation.
Our Firm may be unable to achieve the most favorable execution of client transactions. Client directed
brokerage may cost clients more money. For example, in a directed brokerage account, clients may pay
higher brokerage commissions because our Firm may not be able to aggregate orders to reduce
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Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC
transaction costs, or clients may receive less favorable prices.
Purchase or Sale
Our Firm provides investment management services for various clients. There are occasions on which
portfolio transactions may be executed as part of concurrent authorizations to purchase or sell the same
security for numerous accounts served by our Firm, which involve accounts with similar investment
objectives. Although such concurrent authorizations potentially could be either advantageous or
disadvantageous to any one or more particular accounts, they are affected only when our Firm believes
that doing so will be in the best interest of the effected accounts. When such concurrent authorizations
occur, the objective is to allocate the executions in a manner which is deemed equitable to the accounts
involved. In any given situation, our Firm attempts to allocate trade executions in the most equitable manner
possible, taking into consideration client objectives, current asset allocation and availability of funds using
price averaging, proration, and consistently non- arbitrary methods of allocation.
Mutual Fund Share Classes
Mutual funds are sold with different share classes, which carry different cost structures. Each available
share class is described in the mutual fund's prospectus. When we purchase, or recommend the
purchase of, mutual funds for a client, we select the share class that is deemed to be in the client's best
interest, taking into consideration the availability of advisory, institutional or retirement plan share
classes, initial and ongoing share class costs, transaction costs (if any), tax implications, cost basis and
other factors. We also review the mutual funds held in accounts that come under our management to
determine whether a more beneficial share class is available, considering cost, tax implications, and the
impact of contingent or deferred sales charges.
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans
Our management personnel or investment advisors review accounts on at least an annual basis for our
Portfolio Management Services clients. The nature of these reviews is to learn whether client accounts
are in line with their investment objectives, appropriately positioned based on market conditions, and
investment policies, if applicable. Our Firm does not provide written reports to clients unless asked to do
so. Verbal reports to clients take place on at least an annual basis when our Comprehensive Portfolio
Management clients are contacted.
Clients are provided with transaction confirmation notices and regular summary account statements
directly from the Financial Institutions where their assets are custodied. Clients should compare the
account statements they receive from their custodian with any documents or reports they receive from
Precedent Wealth Partners or an outside service provider.
Our Firm may review client accounts more frequently than described above. Among the factors which
may trigger an off-cycle review are major market or economic events, the client’s life events, requests by
the client, etc.
Investment Policy Committee
The Investment Policy Committee establishes overall Firm allocation policy along with client risk models
and specific portfolio solutions. The Investment Policy Committee and Investment/Trading teams,
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Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC
routinely review allocation policy, client risk models and portfolio solutions. The investment advisors are
responsible for working with clients to establish their overall investment policy, which broadly defines the
appropriate risk model and personalized investment allocation, in accordance with Firm established
policy. The Investment/Trading Team, along with the client assigned investment advisor, routinely
review client portfolios managed on a discretionary basis for actionable deviations in client defined
investment policy and specific portfolio solution.
Frequency
The Investment Policy Committee reviews Firm allocation policy, risk models and specific portfolio
solutions. Client portfolios are routinely monitored by the Investment/Trading Teams and Wealth
Advisors for deviations against client defined investment policy and portfolio solution.
Reason
Account reviews are completed because:
• A deviation in investment policy has been identified, which may relate to overall asset
allocation/risk model, as defined by client’s investment policy
• A change in the Investment Policy Committee’s recommended asset allocation policy, risk
model, and/or specific client portfolio solutions
• An update has been made to the client’s investment policy, asset allocation and/or specific
portfolio solution, cash positions have accumulated above recommended/policy levels
based on portfolio income, contributions, sales of non-managed securities, or previously
held cash reserves no longer required
• To raise cash for anticipated portfolio distributions, routine or otherwise
Financial and Wealth Planning clients do not receive reviews of their written plans unless they take
action to schedule a financial consultation with us. Our Firm does not provide ongoing services to
financial planning clients, but are willing to meet with such clients upon their request to discuss updates
to their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc. Financial Planning clients do not receive written or
verbal updated reports regarding their financial plans unless they separately request our Firm for a post-
financial plan meeting or update to their initial written financial plan.
Retirement Plan Consulting clients receive reviews of their retirement plans for the duration of the service.
Our Firm also provides ongoing services where clients are met with upon their request to discuss updates
to their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc. Retirement Plan Consulting clients do not receive
written or verbal updated reports regarding their plans unless they choose to engage our Firm for
ongoing services.
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation
Dynasty has assisted the Firm in negotiating or facilitating payments from Fidelity / Schwab (“Custodian”)
in the form of credits or monies to be applied toward qualifying third-party service provider expenses
incurred in relation to transition costs or the provision of core services. This may include, but is not limited
to, support of the Firm’s research, marketing, technology, or software platforms. The receipt of transition
assistance creates a conflict of interest for our Firm to recommend clients to use Custodian to custody
their assets. In attempt to mitigate this conflict of interest, our Firm has evaluated the Custodian’s full
suite of services and recommend the use of the Custodian based on the overall value of such services.
Fidelity
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Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC
Except for the arrangements outlined in Item 12 of Form ADV Part 2A, our Firm has no additional
arrangements to disclose.
Referral Fees
The Firm sometimes compensates individuals or businesses for client referrals to us. The Firm will
generally pay between 5% and 20% of the annual investment advisor fee, for a period of time that may be
up to 4 years or longer, to the individual/entity.
In order to receive a cash referral fee from us, promoters must comply with the requirements of the
jurisdictions in which they operate. If you become a client, the promoter that referred you to our Firm will
receive a percentage of the advisory fee you pay our Firm for as long as you are our client, or until such
time as our agreement with the promoter expires. You will not pay additional or increased fees because
of this referral arrangement. Referral fees paid to a promoter are contingent upon your entering into an
advisory agreement with our Firm. Therefore, a promoter has a financial incentive to recommend our
Firm to you for advisory services. This creates a conflict of interest; however, you are not obligated to
retain our Firm for advisory services. Comparable services and/or lower fees may be available through
other Firms.
Schwab
Our Firm receives economic benefit from Schwab in the form of the support products and services made
available to our Firm and other independent investment advisors that have their clients maintain
accounts at Schwab. These products and services, how they benefit our Firm, and the related conflicts
of interest are described above (see Item 12 – Brokerage Practices). The availability of Schwab’s
products and services is not based on our Firm giving particular investment advice, such as buying
particular securities for our clients.
Dynasty Securities, LLC (“Dynasty Securities”), which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Dynasty Financial
Partners, LLC, and an affiliate of Dynasty Wealth Management, LLC (“Dynasty Wealth Management”)
(collectively “Dynasty”) has entered into a Marketing and Business Development Agreement
(“Agreement”) with Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) whereby Dynasty Securities and Schwab
collaborate to identify financial advisor candidates that establish a custodial relationship with Schwab
and to use Dynasty’s integrated platform services. Dynasty Securities receives payment from Schwab
each quarter in connection with the Agreement. The Agreement creates an incentive for Dynasty to
encourage its network advisors to custody clients’ assets with Schwab due to the economic benefit it
may receive which is a conflict of interest. There may be other entities available to supply similar custody
services at a lower fee. Financial advisors joining the Dynasty network of registered investment advisers
are not required to select Schwab as their custodian in order to receive services from Dynasty.
Product Sponsors
Our Firm occasionally sponsors events in conjunction with our product providers in an effort to keep our
clients informed as to the services we offer and the various financial products we utilize. These events
are educational in nature and are not dependent upon the use of any specific product. While a conflict
of interest may exist because these events are at least partially funded by product sponsors, all funds
received from product sponsors are used for the education of our clients. We will always adhere to our
fiduciary duty in recommending appropriate investments for our clients.
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Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC
Representatives of our Firm will occasionally accept travel expense reimbursement provided by product
sponsors in order to attend their educational events. The reimbursement is not directly dependent upon
the recommendation of any specific product. Although we may feel obligated or be inclined to
recommend products from product sponsors that reimburse our travel, our representatives will always
adhere to their fiduciary duty in recommending appropriate investments for our clients.
Item 15: Custody
Advisory Fee Deduction:
Precedent Wealth Partners is deemed to have custody of client funds and securities because the Firm
is given the ability to debit client accounts for payment of the Firm’s fees. As such, client funds and
securities are maintained at one or more Financial Institutions that serve as the qualified custodian with
respect to such assets. Such qualified custodians will send account statements to clients at least once
per calendar quarter that typically detail any transactions in such account for the relevant period.
Surprise Independent Examination
As Precedent Wealth Partners is deemed in certain cases to have broader custody over clients’ cash,
bank accounts or securities (for reasons other than those discussed above), the Firm is required to
engage an independent accounting Firm to perform a surprise annual examination of those assets and
accounts over which it maintains such expanded custody. Any related opinions issued by an
independent accounting Firm are filed with the SEC and are publicly available on the SEC’s Investment
Adviser Public Disclosure website. Precedent Wealth Partners does not have direct access to client
funds as they are maintained with an independent qualified custodian.
Standing Letters of Authorization
Precedent Wealth Partners also has custody due to clients giving the Firm limited power of attorney in
a standing letter of authorization (“SLOA”) to disburse funds to one or more third parties as specifically
designated by the client. In such circumstances, the Firm will implement the steps in the SEC’s no-action
letter on February 21, 2017 which includes (in summary): i) client will provide instruction for the SLOA
to the custodian; ii) client will authorize the Firm to direct transfers to the specific third party; iii) the
custodian will perform appropriate verification of the instruction and provide a transfer of funds notice to
the client promptly after each transfer; iv) the client will have the ability to terminate or change the
instruction; v) the Firm will have no authority or ability to designate or change the identity or any
information about the third party; vi) the Firm will keep records showing that the third party is not a related
party of the Firm or located at the same address as the Firm; and vii) the custodian will send the client
an initial and annual notice confirming the SLOA instructions.
Item 16: Investment Discretion
Clients typically engage with us by providing our Firm with investment discretion on their behalf, pursuant
to an executed investment advisory client agreement. By granting investment discretion, our Firm is
authorized to execute securities transactions, determine which securities are bought and sold, and the
total amount to be bought and sold. In limited instances, we may contract with clients under a non-
discretionary arrangement. Should clients grant our Firm non-discretionary authority, our Firm would be
required to obtain the client’s permission prior to effecting securities transactions. Limitations may be
imposed by the client in the form of specific constraints on any of these areas of discretion with our
Firm’s written acknowledgement.
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Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
Our Firm does not accept the proxy authority to vote client securities. Clients will receive proxies or other
solicitations directly from their custodian or a transfer agent. In the event that proxies are sent to our Firm,
our Firm will forward them to the appropriate client and/or ask the party who sent them to mail them
directly to the client in the future. Clients may call, write, or email us to discuss questions they may have
about particular proxy votes or other solicitations.
Item 18: Financial Information
Our Firm is not required to provide financial information in this Brochure because:
• Our Firm does not require the prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees when services
cannot be rendered within 6 months.
• Our Firm does not have a financial condition or commitment that impairs our ability to meet
contractual and fiduciary obligations to clients.
• Our Firm has never been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
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Precedent Wealth Partners, LLC