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PWS, LLC
2A Disclosure Brochure
PRECISION WEALTH STRATEGIES, LLC
FORM ADV PART 2A
BROCHURE
Item 1 – Cover Page
4622 Macklind Avenue
St. Louis, Missouri 63109
(314) 994-6460
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Precision Wealth
Strategies, LLC. If you have any questions regarding the contents of this brochure, please do not hesitate
to contact our Chief Compliance Officer, Michelle McCarthy, by telephone at (513) 832-5447 or by email
at michelle.mccarthy@dinsmorecomplianceservices.com. The information in this brochure has not been
approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities
authority.
Precision Wealth Strategies, LLC is a registered investment adviser. Registration with the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission or any state securities authority does not imply a certain level of skill
or training. Additional information about Precision Wealth Strategies, LLC is available on the SEC’s
website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
October 9, 2025
Item 2 – Material Changes
Form ADV Part 2A requires registered investment advisers to amend their brochure when information
becomes materially inaccurate. If there are any material changes to an adviser’s disclosure brochure, the
adviser is required to notify you and provide you with a description of the material changes.
The following changes were made to this PWS brochure since the last annual amendment filed in March
2025.
• No material changes made
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Item 3 - Table of Contents
Item 1 – Cover Page ...................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2 – Material Changes ............................................................................................................................ 2
Item 3 - Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 3
Item 4 - Advisory Business ........................................................................................................................... 5
A. Description of the Advisory Firm .................................................................................................... 5
B. Types of Advisory Services ............................................................................................................. 5
C. Client-Tailored Advisory Services .................................................................................................. 8
D. Information Received From Clients ................................................................................................. 8
E. Wrap Fee Program ........................................................................................................................... 8
F. Regulatory Assets Under Management ........................................................................................... 8
Item 5 - Fees and Compensation ................................................................................................................... 8
A. Financial Planning and Investment Management Services .............................................................. 8
B. Payment of Fees ............................................................................................................................. 10
C. Clients Responsible for Fees Charged by Financial Institutions and Third Party Managers ......... 11
D. Prepayment of Fees ........................................................................................................................ 11
E. Outside Compensation for the Sale of Securities or Other Investment Products to Clients .......... 11
Item 6 - Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management ............................................................. 12
Item 7 - Types of Clients ............................................................................................................................ 12
Item 8 - Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss .................................................... 12
A. Methods of Analysis and Risk of Loss .......................................................................................... 12
B. Material Risks Involved ................................................................................................................. 13
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information .............................................................................................................. 19
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations .................................................................. 19
Item 11 – Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions ................................................. 20
A. Description of Code of Ethics ........................................................................................................ 20
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices .................................................................................................................... 20
A. Factors Used to Select Custodians and/or Broker-Dealers ............................................................ 20
B. Trade Aggregation ......................................................................................................................... 23
Item 13 – Review of Accounts .................................................................................................................... 24
A. Periodic Reviews ........................................................................................................................... 24
B. Other Reviews and Triggering Factors .......................................................................................... 24
C. Regular Reports ............................................................................................................................. 24
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation .................................................................................. 25
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2A Disclosure Brochure
A. Economic Benefits Provided by Third Parties for Advice Rendered to Clients ............................ 25
B. Compensation to Non Supervised Persons for Client Referrals ..................................................... 25
Item 15 – Custody ....................................................................................................................................... 25
Item 16 – Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................. 26
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities .............................................................................................................. 26
Item 18 – Financial Information ................................................................................................................. 26
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2A Disclosure Brochure
Item 4 - Advisory Business
A. Description of the Advisory Firm
Precision Wealth Strategies LLC, (“PWS,” the “Firm,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a limited liability company
organized in the State of Missouri in 2008. PWS is an investment advisory firm registered with the United
States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). PWS is majority owned by Integrated Holdings,
LLC (Darin Robinson).
B. Types of Advisory Services
PWS provides holistic and personalized financial planning and discretionary and non-discretionary
investment advisory services to individuals, including high net worth individuals, corporations, and entities,
including, but not limited to, trusts, estates, private foundations, and pension and profit sharing plans.
Investment Management Services
PWS offers investment management services on a discretionary basis and non-discretionary basis. All
investment advice provided is customized to each client’s investment objectives and financial needs. The
information provided by the client, together with any other information relating to the client’s overall
financial circumstances, will be used by PWS to determine the appropriate portfolio asset allocation and
investment strategy for the client. Financial planning services also are provided, depending on the needs
of the client.
The securities utilized by PWS for investment in client accounts consist of registered mutual funds,
exchange traded funds (ETFs), and equity securities, but we will also invest in options, bonds, other public
and private investments, alternatives, and annuities, among others, if we determine such investments fit
within a client’s objectives and are in the best interest of our clients.
Investment Management Services for Qualified Retirement Plans
Discretionary Investment Advisory Services to Plans: When serving in a discretionary investment
advisory capacity for a Plan, PWS is in the status defined by section 3(38) of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”). As a discretionary investment advisor to
qualified retirement plans (“Plans”) PWS assumes the fiduciary responsibility for the selection,
monitoring and replacement of the investment options of the Plan. As an initial action step, PWS
seeks to obtain the investment policy statement for the Plan that details the methodologies and
criteria utilized to define the style universe of investment options, the specific investment options
to be utilized and the ongoing criteria for monitoring and replacing investment options. If the Plan
does not have an investment policy statement PWS may assist the Plan sponsor/trustees of the Plan
in drafting an investment policy statement. In instances where an investment policy statement is
not available, PWS will collect information from the Plan sponsor/trustees determined necessary
for PWS’ provision of services to the Plan.
In its role as a 3(38) fiduciary, PWS is only responsible for those Plan investments selected by PWS
and PWS has no responsibility for any other Plan investments maintained in the Plan by direction
of the Plan sponsor/trustees or any other person or entity. As an example, employer securities and
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investments held in a directed brokerage account are not subject to any fiduciary responsibility or
duty on the part of the Firm. Furthermore, the Plan sponsor/trustees should be aware that when
PWS assumes the investment responsibilities by serving as a 3(38) fiduciary, the Plan
sponsor/trustees retain all of their fiduciary duties, obligations and responsibilities pursuant to
applicable law.
Non-Discretionary Investment Advisory Services to Plans: When serving in a non-discretionary
investment advisory capacity for a Plan, PWS is in the status defined by section 3(21) of ERISA.
In this capacity, PWS assumes no fiduciary responsibility for the completion of an investment
policy statement or any aspect of the definition, selection, maintenance or replacement of any Plan
investment options. In this non-discretionary role PWS provides information to the Plan
sponsor/trustees regarding investment option style parameters and performance reporting. The
Plan sponsor/trustees exercise full authority over the selection of Plan investment options and may,
or may not, utilize the information provided by PWS as part of their decision-making process.
Other Services for Plans: As part of providing the discretionary or non-discretionary investment
services to Plans, PWS may provide certain information and services to the Plan and the Plan
sponsor/trustees. These other services are designed to assist the Plan sponsor/trustees in meeting
their management and fiduciary obligations to the Plan. The other services may consist of the
following:
o Assist with platform provider search and Plan set-up;
o Plan review;
o Plan fee and cost review;
o Acting as third party service provider liaison;
o Plan participant education and communication;
o Plan benchmarking;
o Assist with Plan conversion to new vendor platform;
o Assistance in Plan merger;
o Assistance in establishing an investment policy statement;
o Portfolio construction; and
Investment monitoring.
o
In providing services for retirement plan consulting, the Firm does not provide any advisory
services with respect to the following types of assets: employer securities, real estate (excluding
real estate funds and publicly traded REITS), participant loans, non-publicly traded securities or
assets, other illiquid investments, or brokerage window program.
Additional Information Regarding ERISA Plans and Individual Retirement Accounts
As detailed above, PWS is a fiduciary under ERISA with respect to investment management
services and investment advice provided to ERISA plan clients, including ERISA plan participants.
PWS is also a fiduciary under the Internal Revenue Code (the “IRC”) with respect to investment
management services and investment advice provided to ERISA plans, ERISA plan participants,
individual retirement accounts and individual retirement account owners (collectively “Retirement
Account Clients”). As such, PWS is subject to specific duties and obligations under ERISA and
the IRC, that include, among other things, prohibited transaction rules which are intended to
prohibit fiduciaries from acting on conflicts of interest. When a fiduciary gives advice in which it
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has a conflict of interest, the fiduciary must either avoid or eliminate the conflict or rely upon a
prohibited transaction exemption (a “PTE”).
When appropriate, we use a third-party platform to facilitate management of held away assets, with
discretion, and may leverage an Order Management System to implement tax-efficient asset location and
opportunistic rebalancing strategies on behalf of the client. These are primarily defined contribution plan
participant accounts, 401(k) accounts, HSA’s, and other assets. The platform allows us to avoid being
considered to have custody of Client funds since we do not have direct access to Client log-in credentials
to affect trades. We are not affiliated with the platform in any way and receive no compensation from them
for using their platform. A link will be provided to the Client allowing them to connect an account(s) to the
platform. Once Client account(s) is connected to the platform, PWS will review the current account
allocations. When deemed necessary, PWS will rebalance the account considering client investment goals
and risk tolerance, and any change in allocations will consider current economic and market trends. The
securities utilized by PWS for investment in these particular client accounts are typically limited to the
available account options, over which PWS has no control. The goal is to improve account performance
over time, minimize loss during difficult markets, and manage internal fees that harm account performance.
Client account(s) will be reviewed at least quarterly and allocation changes will be made as deemed
necessary.
Financial Planning and Consulting Services
PWS offers a variety of personal financial planning and consulting services to set forth goals, objectives
and implementation strategies for the client over the long-term. Depending upon individual client
requirements, the comprehensive financial plan may include recommendations for Investment Planning,
Retirement Planning, Estate Planning, Charitable Planning, Education Planning, Corporate and Personal
Tax Planning, Cost Segregation Study, Corporate Structure, Real Estate Analysis, Mortgage/Debt Analysis,
Insurance Analysis, Lines of Credit Evaluation, or Personal Financial Planning. Financial plans are not
always accompanied by a summary of observations and recommendations. PWS prepares and provides the
financial planning client with ongoing access to online portals and systems to share planning information
and bases dynamic recommendations through these platforms. Depending upon the agreement with the
client, after the delivery of the financial plan PWS may perform quarterly, semi-annual or annual reviews
of the plan with the client, or alternatively may have no other obligation to, or interaction with, the client
dependent on the client’s needs in accordance with their financial planning agreement. Clients should notify
us promptly anytime there is a change in their financial situation, goals, objectives, or needs and/or if there
is any change to the financial information initially provided to us. Additionally, PWS may recommend
clients engage the Firm or its related affiliates for additional related services, such as its advisory persons
in their individual capacities as insurance agents with the affiliate insurance agency Precision Insurance, as
business consultants with Integrated Consulting, and/or other professionals to implement recommendations.
Clients are advised that a conflict of interest exists if clients engage PWS or its affiliates to provide
additional services for compensation.
Clients are under no obligation to implement any of the recommendations provided in their financial plan.
However, should a client decide to proceed with the implementation of the investment recommendations
then the client can either have PWS implement those recommendations or utilize the services of any
investment adviser or broker-dealer of their choice.
PWS cannot provide any guarantees or promises that a client’s financial goals and objectives will be met.
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C. Client-Tailored Advisory Services
PWS provides portfolio management services designed to meet a variety of client investment objectives.
Client portfolios are managed on the basis of individual clients’ financial situation and investment
objectives. Although not typically permitted, clients may impose reasonable restrictions on the management
of their accounts if PWS determines, in its sole discretion, that the conditions would not materially impact
the performance of a management strategy or prove overly burdensome for PWS’ management efforts.
D. Information Received From Clients
PWS will not assume any responsibility for the accuracy of the information provided by clients. PWS is
not obligated to verify any information received from a client or other professionals (e.g., attorney,
accountant) designated by a client, and PWS is expressly authorized by the client to rely on such information
provided. Under all circumstances, clients are responsible for promptly notifying PWS in writing of any
material changes to the client’s financial situation, investment objectives, time horizon, or risk tolerance.
E. Wrap Fee Program
PWS typically makes investment management services available to clients other than pension and profit
sharing plans pursuant to a wrap fee program whereby PWS serves as both the sponsor and portfolio
manager of the wrap fee program (the “Wrap Program”). A wrap fee program is an advisory program under
which a specified fee not based directly upon transactions in a client’s account is charged for investment
advisory services and the execution of client transactions. Accounts managed through the Wrap Program
are done so in substantially the same manner as those managed under a non-wrap arrangement. Depending
upon a client’s goals, objectives and suitability profile, a client assets managed by PWS may be managed
pursuant to the services described in this brochure, pursuant to the PWS Wrap Program and/or some
combination thereof. Clients in the Wrap Program may pay a higher aggregate fee than if investment
management and brokerage services are purchased separately. Please refer to PWS’s Form ADV Part 2A
Appendix 1 for information regarding the Wrap Program.
F. Regulatory Assets Under Management
As of 12/31/2024, client assets under management for the firm totaled approximately $386,268,992,
representing $366,204,316 in discretionary client assets and $20,064,676 of nondiscretionary client assets.
Item 5 - Fees and Compensation
PWS charges fees based on a percentage of assets under management as well as fixed fees, depending on
the particular types of services to be provided. The specific fees charged by PWS for services provided
will be set forth in each client’s Agreement.
A. Financial Planning and Investment Management Services
Fees for Investment Management Services
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PWS charges an annual advisory fee that is agreed upon with each client and set forth in an agreement
executed by PWS and the client. If fixed, the advisory fee will be specified on the fee schedule as set forth
in the agreement executed by PWS and the client. Typically the advisory fee for the initial month shall be
paid, on a pro rata basis, in arrears, based on the funding balance of the client account during the initial pro
rata period. For subsequent months, the advisory fee shall be paid, in advance, based on the value of the
account(s) on the last day of the previous month as provided by third-party sources, such as pricing services,
custodians, fund administrators, and client-provided sources. For the purposes of fee calculation, assets
under management include cash and cash equivalents, as well as margined securities, if applicable. For
securities for which there is no active market (i.e. private funds), PWS will use the most recent valuation
provided by the sponsor or the initial investment cost, as applicable. The advisory fee typically ranges from
1% to 2.2% on an annual basis. In addition, for certain clients the advisory fee will be applied pursuant to
a tiered schedule, with the advisory fee percentage determined on a client-by-client basis. This tiered
schedule is typically applied in a manner in which the asset levels within a tier are charged the advisory fee
applicable to that tier. In the instances where a tiered fee schedule is utilized, the percentage for the highest
range of the assets under management value achieved for a billing period applies to just the assets under
management within that range.
Fees for Consulting and Investment Management Services to Retirement Plans
Retirement plan advisory clients will be charged an annual fixed fee, an hourly consulting fee or an asset
based fee based on the percentage of Plan assets under management. The form of fees and fee amounts are
determined on a client-by-client basis and are set forth in the agreement executed by PWS and the client.
The maximum hourly rate charged will not exceed $250. The maximum flat fee will not exceed $20,000.
In engagements where the fees are charged as a percentage of the value of assets under management, the
advisory fee percentage charged to a retirement plan advisory client may be up to 1% on an annual basis.
Fees for Held Away Assets
Investment management fees are generally directly debited on a pro rata basis in advance, based on the
balance of the client account at the end of each month, as outlined above. The exception for this is directly-
managed held-away accounts, such as 401(k)’s. As the firm typically cannot directly debit the fees from
these accounts, those fees will be assigned to a specific client taxable accounts or accounts on a pro-rata
basis, if the client does not have a taxable account, those fees will be billed directly to the client. The
payment, method, and amount are set forth in a mutually agreed upon agreement executed by PWS and the
client.
Fees for Financial Planning and Consulting Services
Clients that receive financial planning services are charged an hourly or a flat fee that is determined upon a
client-by-client basis. The amount of the financial planning services fee will vary depending upon the
complexity of client’s plan, the time required to complete the services and the services to be provided. The
fee is paid on a schedule as agreed to by the client and PWS in the financial planning services agreement.
The maximum hourly rate charged will not exceed $450. The maximum flat fee will not exceed $50,000.
In addition, PWS provides consulting and project-based services to clients on either, or both, a fixed fee
amount or pursuant to an hourly fee. Actual fees charged are clearly outlined in the financial planning,
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consulting or project agreement and clients receive invoices reflecting the amount of the fee due and
payable.
Additional Information Regarding Fees
Notwithstanding the foregoing, PWS and the client may choose to negotiate an advisory, consulting or
financial planning fee that varies from the information set forth above. PWS offers a number of different
investment strategies each with a corresponding fee schedule, which may or may not be suitable for each
investor. Other factors upon which a different advisory, consulting or financial planning fee may be based
include, but are not limited to, the size and nature of the relationship, the services rendered, the nature and
complexity of the products and investments involved, time commitments, and travel requirements. The
advisory fee charged by the Firm will apply to all of the client’s assets under management, unless
specifically excluded in the client agreement. The advisory fee may include the financial planning services
described above. Although PWS believes that its fees are competitive, clients should understand that lower
fees for comparable services may be available from other sources and firms.
B. Payment of Fees
PWS generally deducts its advisory fee from a client’s investment account(s) held at his/her custodian.
Upon engaging PWS to manage such account(s), a client grants PWS this limited authority through a written
instruction to the custodian of his/her account(s). The client is responsible for verifying the accuracy of the
calculation of the advisory fee; the custodian will not determine whether the fee is accurate or properly
calculated. See Section A herewith for further information on fee billing. A client may utilize the same
procedure for financial planning or consulting fees if the client has investment accounts held at a custodian.
The custodian of the client’s accounts provides each client with a statement, at least quarterly, indicating
separate line items for all amounts disbursed from the client's account(s), including any fees paid directly
to PWS.
Although clients generally are required to have their investment advisory fees deducted from their accounts,
in some cases, PWS will directly bill a client for investment advisory fees if it determines that such billing
arrangement is appropriate given the circumstances.
Clients may make additions to and withdrawals from their account at any time, subject to PWS’ right to
terminate an account. Additions may be in cash or securities provided that the Firm reserves the right to
liquidate transferred securities or decline to accept particular securities into a client’s account. Clients may
withdraw account assets at any time on notice to PWS, subject to the usual and customary securities
settlement procedures. However, the Firm generally designs its portfolios as long-term investments and the
withdrawal of assets may impair the achievement of a client’s investment objectives. PWS may consult
with its clients about the options and implications of transferring securities. Clients are advised that when
transferred securities are liquidated, they may be subject to transaction fees, short-term redemption fees,
fees assessed at the mutual fund level (e.g. contingent deferred sales charges) and/or tax ramifications.
The investment management services between PWS and the client may be terminated at will by either PWS
or the client upon written notice. PWS does not impose termination fees when the client terminates the
investment management services relationship, except when agreed upon in advance.
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Financial planning & consulting clients may terminate their agreement at any time prior to the delivery of
a financial plan by providing written notice. For purposes of calculating refunds, all work performed by us
up to the point of termination shall be calculated at the hourly fee currently in effect. Clients will receive a
pro-rata refund of unearned fees based on the time and effort expended by the Firm.
Either party to a retirement plan consulting agreement may terminate at any time by providing written
notice to the other party. Full refunds will only be made in cases where cancellation occurs within 5 business
days of signing an agreement. After 5 business days from initial signing, either party must provide the other
party 30 days written notice to terminate billing. Billing will terminate 30 days after receipt of termination
notice. Clients will be charged on a pro-rata basis for any asset-based charges, on an hours-worked basis
for hourly work, and a percent of completion basis for flat fee engagements. Clients will incur charges for
bona fide advisory services rendered up to the point of termination (determined as 30 days from receipt of
said written notice) and such fees will be due and payable.
C. Clients Responsible for Fees Charged by Financial Institutions and Third Party Managers
In connection with PWS’ management of an account, a client will incur fees and/or expenses separate from
and in addition to PWS’ advisory fee. These additional fees may include transaction charges and the
fees/expenses charged by any custodian, subadvisor, mutual fund, ETF, third party managers (“Third Party
Managers”) (and the Third Party Manager’s platform manager, if any), limited partnership, or other advisor,
transfer taxes, odd lot differentials, exchange fees, interest charges, ADR processing fees, and any charges,
taxes or other fees mandated by any federal, state or other applicable law, retirement plan account fees
(where applicable), margin interest, brokerage commissions, mark-ups or mark-downs and other
transaction-related costs, electronic fund and wire fees, and any other fees that reasonably may be borne by
a brokerage account.
Wrap fee clients will not incur transaction costs or brokerage commissions for trades executed and settled
by the chosen custodian/ broker. For more information regarding the Wrap Program please see the Wrap
Program brochure. For Third Party Managers, clients should review each Third Party Manager’s Form
ADV 2A disclosure brochure and any contract they sign with the Third Party Manager (in a dual contract
relationship). The client is responsible for all such fees and expenses. Please see Item 12 of this brochure
regarding brokerage practices.
D. Prepayment of Fees
As noted in Item 5(B) above, PWS’ advisory fees generally are paid in advance. Upon the termination of a
client’s advisory relationship, PWS will issue a refund equal to any unearned fee for the remainder of the
month or other applicable billing period. Generally, PWS will make such refund to the client’s account at
the client’s custodian, unless such process is unavailable, then the refund will be issued as otherwise
determined appropriate.
E. Outside Compensation for the Sale of Securities or Other Investment Products to Clients
PWS does not buy or sell securities and does not receive any compensation for securities transactions in
any client account, other than the investment advisory fees noted above.
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In addition, certain advisory persons of PWS are licensed as insurance professionals and appointed with
various life, health, long term care and disability insurance companies through the affiliated entity,
Precision Insurance, an insurance agency owned by Darin Robinson. In such capacity they will offer
insurance products as a recommendation to a client’s financial plan and receive a normal and customary
commissions and other indirect benefits as a result of such a purchase. Certain business consulting services
are also offered through the affiliated entity, Integrated Consulting, wholly owned by Darin Robinson, who
will offer consulting services as defined in separate consulting agreements and receive separate and
customary fees for such services. No advisory services will be made available under these agreements
unless a separate PWS agreement is in place.
Please refer to Item 10 below for detailed information regarding these arrangements, along with the
conflicts surrounding them and the steps PWS has in place to mitigate these conflicts.
Item 6 - Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
PWS does not charge performance-based fees or participate in side-by-side management. Performance-
based fees are fees that are based on a share of a capital gains or capital appreciation of a client’s account.
Side-by-side management refers to the practice of managing accounts that are charged performance-based
fees while at the same time managing accounts that are not charged performance-based fees. PWS’ fees are
calculated as described in Item 5 above.
Item 7 - Types of Clients
PWS offers investment advisory services to individuals, including high net worth individuals, corporations,
and entities, including, but not limited to, trusts, estates, private foundations, and pension and profit sharing
plans. PWS does not impose a minimum portfolio size or a minimum initial investment to open an account.
However, PWS does reserve the right to accept or decline a potential client for any reason in its sole
discretion.
Item 8 - Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
A. Methods of Analysis and Risk of Loss
A primary step in PWS’ investment strategy is getting to know the clients – to understand their financial
condition, risk profile, investment goals, tax situation, liquidity constraints – and assemble a complete
picture of their financial situation. To aid in this understanding, PWS offers clients financial planning that
is highly customized and tailored. This comprehensive approach is integral to the way that PWS does
business. Once PWS has a true understanding of its clients’ needs and goals, the investment process can
begin, and the Firm can recommend strategies and investments that it believes are aligned with the client’s
goals and risk profile.
PWS primarily employs qualitative analysis methods and quantitative methods as appropriate, with an
additional focus upon minimizing the expenses associated with investing, in developing investment
strategies for its clients. Qualitative analysis depends on the kind of discerning intelligence that can identify
positive associations with a brand, management trustworthiness, customer satisfaction, competitive
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advantage and cultural shifts. Relevant information may be inherently difficult to capture with numerical
inputs. Research and analysis from PWS is based on numerous sources, including third-party research
materials and publicly-available materials, such as company annual reports, prospectuses, and press
releases. PWS also utilizes a variety of data providers for additional research. This investment analysis
process typically involves an analysis of an issuer’s management team, investment strategies, style drift,
alpha relative to the market, past performance, reputation and financial strength in relation to the asset class
concentrations and risk exposures.
PWS generally employs a long-term investment strategy for its clients, as consistent with their financial
goals. At times, the Firm may also buy and sell positions that are more short-term in nature, depending on
the goals of the client and/or the fundamentals of the security, sector or asset class.
PWS’ recommendations and investment selections are primarily based around an approach called “Life-
Timing Allocation” that takes into consideration expected cash flows over a number of years with a purpose
of positioning investment funds across three buckets based on when the funds will be needed. The
Immediate Term bucket will contain funds potentially needed within the next 3-5 years (exact timing can
vary from client to client based on the client’s underlying assumptions and cash flow need). Immediate
Term funds will be invested in models and strategies that are more conservative in nature and that we deem
appropriate for this timeframe. The Short Term bucket will contain funds potentially needed within 6 to
10 years or less (years may vary based on the funding of the Immediate Term bucket). Short Term funds
will be invested in models and strategies that are more moderate in nature. The Long Term bucket will
contain funds that the client doesn’t anticipate needing for 10 years or longer. Long Term funds will be
invested in models and strategies that tend to have more risk but we believe have the greater potential return.
Other factors will impact the Life-Timing Allocation for any given client, such as overall risk profile.
PWS will also use asset allocation strategies. Asset allocation is based on the principle that different assets
perform differently in different market and economic conditions. The asset allocation strategy attempts to
balance risk versus reward by adjusting the percentage of each asset in an investment portfolio according
to the investor's risk tolerance, goals and investment time frame. A particular asset allocation strategy is
typically forecast (wholly or in part) based on statistical relationships (like correlation and variance) that
existed historically. Asset allocation is based on the understanding that different asset classes (e.g. stocks,
bonds, cash, other investments) offer returns that are not perfectly correlated. Diversification can reduce
the overall risk of a portfolio in terms of the variability of returns for a given level of expected return.
Client portfolios with similar investment objectives and asset allocation goals may own different securities
and investments. The client’s portfolio size, tax sensitivity, desire for simplicity, income needs, long-term
wealth transfer objectives, time horizon and choice of custodian are all factors that influence PWS’
investment recommendations.
Investing in securities involves a risk of loss. A client can lose all or a substantial portion of his/her
investment. A client should be willing to bear such a loss. Some investments are intended only for
sophisticated investors and can involve a high degree of risk.
B. Material Risks Involved
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Investing in securities involves a significant risk of loss which clients should be prepared to bear. PWS’
investment recommendations are subject to various market, currency, economic, political and business
risks, and such investment decisions will not always be profitable. Clients should be aware that there may
be a loss or depreciation to the value of the client’s account. There can be no assurance that the client’s
investment objectives will be obtained and no inference to the contrary should be made.
Generally, the market value of equity stocks will fluctuate with market conditions, and small- stock prices
generally will fluctuate more than large-stock prices. The market value of fixed income securities will
generally fluctuate inversely with interest rates and other market conditions prior to maturity. Fixed income
securities are obligations of the issuer to make payments of principal and/or interest on future dates, and
include, among other securities: bonds, notes and debentures issued by corporations; debt securities issued
or guaranteed by the U.S. government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities, or by a non-U.S.
government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities; municipal securities; and mortgage-backed and
asset- backed securities. These securities may pay fixed, variable, or floating rates of interest, and may
include zero coupon obligations and inflation-linked fixed income securities. The value of longer duration
fixed income securities will generally fluctuate more than shorter duration fixed income securities.
Investments in overseas markets also pose special risks, including currency fluctuation and political risks,
and it may be more volatile than that of a U.S. only investment. Such risks are generally intensified for
investments in emerging markets. In addition, there is no assurance that a mutual fund or ETF will achieve
its investment objective. Past performance of investments is no guarantee of future results.
Additional risks involved in the securities recommended by PWS include, among others:
• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. The market value of
equity securities will generally fluctuate with market conditions. Stock markets tend to move in
cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. Prices of equity securities tend to
fluctuate over the short term as a result of factors affecting the individual companies, industries or
the securities market as a whole. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed
income securities.
•
• Sector risk, which is the chance that significant problems will affect a particular sector, or that
returns from that sector will trail returns from the overall stock market. Daily fluctuations in specific
market sectors are often more extreme than fluctuations in the overall market.
Issuer risk, which is the risk that the value of a security will decline for reasons directly related to
the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage, and reduced demand for the
issuer's goods or services.
• Non-diversification risk, which is the risk of focusing investments in a small number of issuers,
industries or foreign currencies, including being more susceptible to risks associated with a single
economic, political or regulatory occurrence than a more diversified portfolio might be.
• Value investing risk, which is the risk that value stocks not increase in price, not issue the
anticipated stock dividends, or decline in price, either because the market fails to recognize the
stock’s intrinsic value, or because the expected value was misgauged. If the market does not
recognize that the securities are undervalued, the prices of those securities might not appreciate as
anticipated. They also may decline in price even though in theory they are already undervalued.
Value stocks are typically less volatile than growth stocks, but may lag behind growth stocks in an
up market.
• Smaller company risk, which is the risk that the value of securities issued by a smaller company
will go up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably as compared to more widely held
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securities. Investments in smaller companies are subject to greater levels of credit, market and
issuer risk.
•
• Foreign (non-U.S.) investment risk, which is the risk that investing in foreign securities result in
the portfolio experiencing more rapid and extreme changes in value than a portfolio that invests
exclusively in securities of U.S. companies. Risks associated with investing in foreign securities
include fluctuations in the exchange rates of foreign currencies that may affect the U.S. dollar value
of a security, the possibility of substantial price volatility as a result of political and economic
instability in the foreign country, less public information about issuers of securities, different
securities regulation, different accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and less
liquidity than in the U.S. markets.
Interest rate risk, which is the chance that prices of fixed income securities decline because of rising
interest rates. Similarly, the income from fixed income securities may decline because of falling
interest rates.
• Credit risk, which is the chance that an issuer of a fixed income security will fail to pay interest
and principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such
payments will cause the price of that fixed income security to decline.
• Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) risk, which is the risk of an investment in an ETF, including the
possible loss of principal. ETFs typically trade on a securities exchange and the prices of their
shares fluctuate throughout the day based on supply and demand, which may not correlate to their
net asset values. Although ETF shares will be listed on an exchange, there can be no guarantee that
an active trading market will develop or continue. Owning an ETF generally reflects the risks of
owning the underlying securities it is designed to track. ETFs are also subject to secondary market
trading risks. In addition, an ETF may not replicate exactly the performance of the index it seeks
to track for a number of reasons, including transaction costs incurred by the ETF, the temporary
unavailability of certain securities in the secondary market, or discrepancies between the ETF and
the index with respect to weighting of securities or number of securities held.
• Management risk, which is the risk that the investment techniques and risk analyses applied by
PWS may not produce the desired results and that legislative, regulatory, or tax developments,
affect the investment techniques available to PWS. There is no guarantee that a client’s investment
objectives will be achieved.
•
• Real Estate risk, which is the risk that an investor’s investments in Real Estate Investment Trusts
(“REITs”) or real estate-linked derivative instruments will subject the investor to risks similar to
those associated with direct ownership of real estate, including losses from casualty or
condemnation, and changes in local and general economic conditions, supply and demand, interest
rates, zoning laws, regulatory limitations on rents, property taxes and operating expenses. An
investment in REITs or real estate-linked derivative instruments subject the investor to
management and tax risks.
Investment Companies (“Mutual Funds”) risk, when an investor invests in mutual funds, the
investor will bear additional expenses based on his/her pro rata share of the mutual fund’s operating
expenses, including the management fees. The risk of owning a mutual fund generally reflects the
risks of owning the underlying investments the mutual fund holds.
• Commodity risk, generally commodity prices fluctuate for many reasons, including changes in
market and economic conditions or political circumstances (especially of key energy-producing
and consuming countries), the impact of weather on demand, levels of domestic production and
imported commodities, energy conservation, domestic and foreign governmental regulation
(agricultural, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control), international politics, policies of
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OPEC, taxation and the availability of local, intrastate and interstate transportation systems and the
emotions of the marketplace. The risk of loss in trading commodities can be substantial.
• Cybersecurity risk, which is the risk related to unauthorized access to the systems and networks of
PW Sand its service providers. The computer systems, networks and devices used by PWS and
service providers to us and our clients to carry out routine business operations employ a variety of
protections designed to prevent damage or interruption from computer viruses, network failures,
computer and telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons and security
breaches. Despite the various protections utilized, systems, networks or devices potentially can be
breached. A client could be negatively impacted as a result of a cybersecurity breach. Cybersecurity
breaches can include unauthorized access to systems, networks or devices; infection from computer
viruses or other malicious software code; and attacks that shut down, disable, slow or otherwise
disrupt operations, business processes or website access or functionality. Cybersecurity breaches
cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses to a client;
impediments to trading; the inability by us and other service providers to transact business;
violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage,
reimbursement or other compensation costs, or other compliance costs; as well as the inadvertent
release of confidential information. Similar adverse consequences could result from cybersecurity
breaches affecting issues of securities in which a client invests; governmental and other regulatory
authorities; exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers and other
financial institutions; and other parties. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred by those
entities in order to prevent any cybersecurity breaches in the future.
• Alternative Investments / Private Funds risk, investing in alternative investments is speculative, not
suitable for all clients, and intended for experienced and sophisticated investors who are willing to
bear the high economic risks of the investment, which can include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
loss of all or a substantial portion of the investment due to leveraging, short-selling or other
speculative investment practices;
lack of liquidity in that there may be no secondary market for the investment and none
expected to develop;
volatility of returns;
restrictions on transferring interests in the investment;
potential lack of diversification and resulting higher risk due to concentration of trading
authority when a single adviser is utilized;
absence of information regarding valuations and pricing;
delays in tax reporting;
less regulation and higher fees than mutual funds;
risks associated with the operations, personnel, and processes of the manager of the funds
investing in alternative investments.
• Closed-End Funds risk, Closed-end funds typically use a high degree of leverage. They may be
diversified or non-diversified. Risks associated with closed-end fund investments include liquidity
risk, credit risk, volatility and the risk of magnified losses resulting from the use of leverage.
Additionally, closed-end funds may trade below their net asset value.
• Cryptocurrency risk, Cryptocurrency is a digital representation of value that functions as a medium
of exchange, a unit of account, or a store of value, but it does not have legal tender status.
Cryptocurrencies are sometimes exchanged for U.S. dollars or other world currencies, but they are
not generally backed or supported by any government or central bank. They are more volatile than
traditional currencies. Their value is speculative, given that they are not currently, widely accepted
as a medium or exchange, is derived by market forces of supply and demand, and may be impacted
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by the continued willingness of market participants to exchange fiat currency for cryptocurrency.
Cryptocurrencies are not covered by either FDIC or SIPC insurance. Bitcoin, Ethereum and other
cryptocurrencies are very speculative investments and involve a high degree of risk. An investment
in cryptocurrency is not suitable for all investors, and may not generally be appropriate, particularly
with funds drawn from retirement savings, student loans, mortgages, emergency funds, or funds set
aside for other purposes. Investors must have the financial ability, sophistication/experience and
willingness to bear the risks of an investment, and a potential total loss of their investment. An
investment in cryptocurrency should be made with capital allocated to speculative purposes. Fees
and expenses associated with a cryptocurrency investment may be substantial. Cryptocurrency
exchanges and other trading venues on which cryptocurrencies trade are relatively new and, in most
cases, largely unregulated and may therefore be more exposed to fraud and failure than established,
regulated exchanges for securities, derivatives and other currencies. Investments that are related to
cryptocurrencies could be subject to volatility experienced by the cryptocurrency exchanges and
other cryptocurrency trading venues. Cryptocurrency exchanges may stop operating or
permanently shut down due to fraud, technical glitches, hackers or malware, which may also affect
the price of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies and indirect investments in cryptocurrencies. In
addition to the risks above, clients should consider the following risks:
• History of volatility, The exchange rate of cryptocurrency historically has been very
volatile and the exchange rate of a cryptocurrency could drastically decline. For example,
the exchange rate of Bitcoin has dropped more than 50% in a single day. Cryptocurrency-
related investments may be affected by such volatility.
• Government regulation, Cryptocurrencies largely lack regulatory protections. Federal,
state or foreign governments may restrict the use and exchange of cryptocurrency.
Legislative and regulatory changes or actions at the federal, state or international level may
adversely affect the use, transfer, exchange, and value of cryptocurrency.
• Security concerns, Cryptocurrency exchanges may stop operating or permanently shut
down due to fraud, technical glitches, hackers or malware. Cryptocurrency also may be
stolen by hackers.
• New and developing, As a relatively recent invention, cryptocurrency and related
investments do not have an established track record of operating history, performance,
credibility and/or trust. Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are evolving. Cryptocurrencies
use blockchain technology, which lacks standardization.
• Structured Notes risk -
• Complexity, Structured notes are complex financial instruments. Clients should understand
the reference asset(s) or index(es) and determine how the note’s payoff structure
incorporates such reference asset(s) or index(es) in calculating the note’s performance.
This payoff calculation may include leverage multiplied on the performance of the
reference asset or index, protection from losses should the reference asset or index produce
negative returns, and fees. Structured notes may have complicated payoff structures that
can make it difficult for clients to accurately assess their value, risk and potential for growth
through the term of the structured note. Determining the performance of each note can be
complex and this calculation can vary significantly from note to note depending on the
structure. Notes can be structured in a wide variety of ways. Payoff structures can be
leveraged, inverse, or inverse-leveraged, which may result in larger returns or losses.
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Clients should carefully read the prospectus for a structured note to fully understand how
the payoff on a note will be calculated and discuss these issues with PWS.
•
•
• Market risk, Some structured notes provide for the repayment of principal at maturity,
which is often referred to as “principal protection.” This principal protection is subject to
the credit risk of the issuing financial institution. Many structured notes do not offer this
feature. For structured notes that do not offer principal protection, the performance of the
linked asset or index may cause clients to lose some, or all, of their principal. Depending
on the nature of the linked asset or index, the market risk of the structured note may include
changes in equity or commodity prices, changes in interest rates or foreign exchange rates,
and/or market volatility.
Issuance price and note value, The price of a structured note at issuance will likely be
higher than the fair value of the structured note on the date of issuance. Issuers now
generally disclose an estimated value of the structured note on the cover page of the
offering prospectus, allowing investors to gauge the difference between the issuer’s
estimated value of the note and the issuance price. The estimated value of the notes is
likely lower than the issuance price of the note to investors because issuers include the
costs for selling, structuring and/or hedging the exposure on the note in the initial price of
their notes. After issuance, structured notes may not be re-sold on a daily basis and thus
may be difficult to value given their complexity.
Liquidity, The ability to trade or sell structured notes in a secondary market is often very
limited, as structured notes (other than exchange-traded notes known as ETNs) are not
listed for trading on securities exchanges. As a result, the only potential buyer for a
structured note may be the issuing financial institution’s broker-dealer affiliate or the
broker-dealer distributor of the structured note. In addition, issuers often specifically
disclaim their intention to repurchase or make markets in the notes they issue. Clients
should, therefore, be prepared to hold a structured note to its maturity date, or risk selling
the note at a discount to its value at the time of sale.
• Credit risk, Structured notes are unsecured debt obligations of the issuer, meaning that the
issuer is obligated to make payments on the notes as promised. These promises, including
any principal protection, are only as good as the financial health of the structured note
issuer. If the structured note issuer defaults on these obligations, investors may lose some,
or all, of the principal amount they invested in the structured notes as well as any other
payments that may be due on the structured notes.
The Firm generally invests client cash balances in money market funds, FDIC Insured Certificates of
Deposit, high-grade commercial paper and/or government backed debt instruments. Ultimately, the Firm
tries to achieve the highest return on client cash balances through relatively low-risk conservative
investments. In most cases, at least a partial cash balance will be maintained in a money market account so
that the Firm may debit fees for our services, as applicable.
There also are risks surrounding various insurance products that are recommended to PWS clients from
time to time. Such risks include, but are not limited to loss of premiums. Prior to purchasing any insurance
product, clients should carefully read the policy and applicable disclosure documents.
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PWS may select certain Third Party Managers to manage a portion of its clients’ assets. In these situations,
the success of such recommendations relies to a great extent on the Third Party Managers’ ability to
successfully implement their investment strategies. In addition, PWS generally may not have the ability to
supervise the Third Party Managers on a day-to-day basis.
Clients are advised that they should only commit assets for management that can be invested for the long
term, that volatility from investing can occur, and that all investing is subject to risk. PWS does not
guarantee the future performance of a client’s portfolio, as investing in securities involves the risk of loss
that clients should be prepared to bear.
Past performance of a security or a fund is not necessarily indicative of future performance or risk of loss.
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information
Registered investment advisers are required to disclose all material facts regarding any legal or disciplinary
events that would be material to a client’s evaluation of the adviser and the integrity of the adviser’s
management. PWS has no information applicable to this Item.
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Licensed Insurance Professionals
Certain advisory persons of PWS are licensed as insurance professionals, appointed through Precision
Insurance, an insurance agency owned by Darin Robinson. Those agents acting in such capacity, earn
commission-based compensation for selling insurance products to clients. Insurance commissions earned
by advisory persons who are insurance professionals are separate from and in addition to PWS’ advisory
fee. This practice presents a conflict of interest as an advisory person who is an insurance professional has
an incentive to recommend insurance products for the purpose of generating commissions rather than solely
based on client needs. In addition, Mr. Robinson will receive indirect benefits due to the fact that as the
owner he shares in the profits and losses of Precision Insurance. PWS addresses this conflict through
disclosure and strives to make recommendations which are in the best interests of its clients. Clients are
under no obligation to purchase insurance products through any person affiliated with PWS.
Business Consulting Services
Darin Robinson provides business consulting services through the affiliated entity, Integrated Consulting.
Mr. Robinson earns flat fee compensation for providing this service to clients, separate from and in addition
to PWS’ advisory fee. As Mr. Robinson is the sole owner of PWS & Integrated Consulting, this practice
presents a conflict of interest as he is providing business consulting services and has an incentive to
recommend advisory services for the purpose of generating additional revenue rather than solely based on
client needs. PWS addresses this conflict through disclosure and strives to make recommendations which
are in the best interests of its clients. Clients are under no obligation to use PWS for investment advisory
services before, during, or after their consulting engagement.
Third Party Managers
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PWS may recommend that clients use Third Party Managers based on clients’ needs and suitability. PWS
does not receive separate compensation, directly or indirectly, from such Third Party Managers for
recommending that clients use their services. PWS does not have any other business relationships with the
recommended Third Party Managers.
Item 11 – Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
A. Description of Code of Ethics
PWS has a Code of Ethics (the “Code”) which requires PWS employees (“supervised persons”) to comply
with their legal obligations and fulfill the fiduciary duties owed to the Firm’s clients. Among other things,
the Code sets forth policies and procedures related to conflicts of interest, outside business activities, gifts
and entertainment, compliance with insider trading laws and policies and procedures governing personal
securities trading by supervised persons. Upon employment with the Firm, and at least annually thereafter,
all representatives of PWS will acknowledge receipt, understanding and compliance with the Code. PWS
and its representatives must conduct business in an honest, ethical, and fair manner and avoid all
circumstances that might negatively affect or appear to affect our duty of complete loyalty to all clients.
Personal securities transactions of supervised persons present potential conflicts of interest with the price
obtained in client securities transactions or the investment opportunity available to clients. The Code
addresses these potential conflicts by prohibiting securities trades that would breach a fiduciary duty to a
client and requiring, with certain exceptions, supervised persons to report their personal securities holdings
and transactions to PWS for review by the Firm’s Chief Compliance Officer. The Code also requires
supervised persons to obtain pre-approval of certain investments, including initial public offerings and
limited offerings.
PWS will provide a copy of the Code of Ethics to any client or prospective client upon request.
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices
A. Factors Used to Select Custodians and/or Broker-Dealers
PWS generally recommends that its investment management clients utilize the custody and brokerage
services of an unaffiliated broker/dealer custodians (a “BD/Custodian”) with which PWS has an
institutional relationship. Currently, this includes Schwab Advisor Services, a division of Charles Schwab
& Co. (“Schwab”) and Fidelity Brokerage Services, LLC (“Fidelity”), both of which are “qualified
custodians” as that term is described in Rule 206(4)-2 of the Advisers Act. Each BD/Custodian provides
custody of securities, trade execution, and clearance and settlement of transactions placed on behalf of
clients by the Firm. If your accounts are custodied at Schwab or Fidelity, Schwab or Fidelity will hold your
assets in a brokerage account and buy and sell securities when we instruct them to. Clients will pay fees to
Schwab or Fidelity for custody and the execution of securities transactions in their accounts.
In making BD/Custodian recommendations, PWS will consider a number of judgmental factors,
including, without limitation: 1) clearance and settlement capabilities; 2) quality of confirmations and
account statements; 3) the ability of the BD/Custodian to settle the trade promptly and accurately; 4) the
financial standing, reputation and integrity of the BD/Custodian; 5) the BD/Custodian’s access to
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markets, research capabilities, market knowledge, and any “value added” characteristics; 6) PWS’ past
experience with the BD/Custodian; and 7) PWS’ past experience with similar trades. Recognizing the
value of these factors, clients may pay a brokerage commission in excess of that which another broker
might have charged for effecting the same transaction.
PWS participates in the institutional adviser programs offered by Schwab and Fidelity. In exchange for
using the services of Schwab and Fidelity and participating in this program, PWS may receive, without
cost, computer software and related systems support that allows PWS to monitor and service its clients’
accounts maintained with Schwab or Fidelity. Schwab and Fidelity also make available to the Firm
products and services that benefit the Firm but may not directly benefit the client or the client’s account.
These products and services assist PWS in managing and administering client accounts. They include
investment research, both Schwab’s and Fidelity’s own and that of third parties. PWS may use this research
to service all or some substantial number of client accounts, including accounts not maintained at Schwab
or Fidelity. In addition to investment research, Schwab and Fidelity also makes available software and other
technology that:
• provide access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account
statements);
facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts;
facilitate payment of our fees from our clients’ accounts; and
assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping, and client reporting.
•
• provide pricing and other market data;
•
•
Schwab and Fidelity also offer other services intended to help us manage and further develop our business
enterprise. These services include:
educational conferences and events;
technology, compliance, legal, and business consulting;
access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants, and insurance providers.
•
•
• publications and conferences on practice management and business succession; and
•
Schwab and Fidelity may provide some of these services. In other cases, they will arrange for third-party
vendors to provide the services to the Firm. Schwab or Fidelity may also discount or waive their fees for
some of these services or pay all or a part of a third party’s fees. Schwab or Fidelity may also provide the
Firm with other benefits such as occasional business entertainment of Firm personnel.
The benefits received by PWS through its participation in the each custodial platform do not depend on the
amount of brokerage transactions directed to these custodians. In addition, there is no corresponding
commitment made by PWS to these custodians to invest any specific amount or percentage of client assets
in any specific mutual funds, securities or other investment products as a result of participation in the
program. While as a fiduciary, we endeavor to act in our clients’ best interests, our recommendation that
clients maintain their assets in accounts at either custodian will be based in part on the benefit to PWS of
the availability of some of the foregoing products and services and not solely on the nature, cost or quality
of custody and brokerage services provided by either custodian. The receipt of these benefits creates a
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potential conflict of interest and may indirectly influence PWS’ choice of Schwab or Fidelity for custody
and brokerage services.
PWS will periodically review its arrangements with the BD/Custodians and other broker-dealers against
other possible arrangements in the marketplace as it strives to achieve best execution on behalf of its clients.
In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the
transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of a broker-
dealer’s services, including, but not limited to, the following:
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•
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a broker-dealer’s trading expertise, including its ability to complete trades, execute and
settle difficult trades, obtain liquidity to minimize market impact and accommodate
unusual market conditions, maintain anonymity, and account for its trade errors and correct
them in a satisfactory manner;
a broker-dealer’s infrastructure, including order-entry systems, adequate lines of
communication, timely order execution reports, an efficient and accurate clearance and
settlement process, and capacity to accommodate unusual trading volume;
a broker-dealer’s ability to minimize total trading costs while maintaining its financial
health, such as whether a broker-dealer can maintain and commit adequate capital when
necessary to complete trades, respond during volatile market periods, and minimize the
number of incomplete trades;
a broker-dealer’s ability to provide research and execution services, including advice as to
the value or advisability of investing in or selling securities, analyses and reports
concerning such matters as companies, industries, economic trends and political factors, or
services incidental to executing securities trades, including clearance, settlement and
custody; and
a broker-dealer’s ability to provide services to accommodate special transaction needs,
such as the broker-dealer’s ability to execute and account for client-directed arrangements
and soft dollar arrangements, participate in underwriting syndicates, and obtain initial
public offering shares.
PWS’ clients may utilize qualified custodians other than PWS for certain accounts and assets, particularly
where clients have a previous relationship with such qualified custodians.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
PWS does not select or recommend BD/Custodians based solely on whether or not it may receive client
referrals from a BD/Custodian or third party.
Client-Directed Brokerage
Generally, in the absence of specific instructions to the contrary, for brokerage accounts that clients engage
PWS to manage on a discretionary basis, PWS has full discretion with respect to securities transactions
placed in the accounts. This discretion includes the authority, without prior notice to the client, to buy and
sell securities for the client’s account and establish and affect securities transactions through the
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BD/Custodian of the client’s account or other broker-dealers selected by PWS. In selecting a broker-dealer
to execute a client’s securities transactions, PWS seeks prompt execution of orders at favorable prices.
A client, however, may instruct PWS to custody his/her account at a specific broker-dealer and/or direct
some or all of his/her brokerage transactions to a specific broker-dealer. In directing brokerage transactions,
a client should consider whether the commission expenses, execution, clearance, settlement capabilities,
and custodian fees, if any, are comparable to those that would result if PWS exercised its discretion in
selecting the broker-dealer to execute the transactions. Directing brokerage to a particular broker-dealer
may involve the following disadvantages to a directed brokerage client:
• PWS’ ability to negotiate commission rates and other terms on behalf of such clients could
•
be impaired;
such clients could be denied the benefit of PWS’ experience in selecting broker-dealers
that are able to efficiently execute difficult trades;
• opportunities to obtain lower transaction costs and better prices by aggregating (batching)
•
the client’s orders with orders for other clients could be limited; and
the client could receive less favorable prices on securities transactions because PWS may
place transaction orders for directed brokerage clients after placing batched transaction
orders for other clients.
In addition to accounts managed by PWS on a discretionary basis where the client has directed the
brokerage of his/her account(s), certain institutional accounts may be managed by PWS on a non-
discretionary basis and are held at custodians selected by the institutional client. The decision to use a
particular custodian and/or broker-dealer generally resides with the institutional client. PWS endeavors to
understand the trading and execution capabilities of any such custodian and/or broker-dealer, as well as its
costs and fees. PWS may assist the institutional client in facilitating trading and other instructions to the
custodian and/or broker-dealer in carrying out PWS’ investment recommendations.
Trade Errors
PWS’ goal is to execute trades seamlessly and in the best interests of the client. In the event a trade error
occurs, PWS endeavors to identify the error in a timely manner, correct the error so that the client’s account
is in the position it would have been had the error not occurred, and, after evaluating the error, assess what
action(s) might be necessary to prevent a recurrence of similar errors in the future.
Trade errors generally are corrected through the use of a “trade error” account or similar account at Schwab,
or another BD, as the case may be. In the event an error is made in a client account custodied elsewhere,
PWS works directly with the broker in question to take corrective action. In all cases, PWS will take the
appropriate measures to return the client’s account to its intended position.
B. Trade Aggregation
To the extent that the Firm determines to aggregate client orders for the purchase or sale of securities,
including securities in which the Firm’s supervised persons may invest, the Firm will generally do so in a
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fair equitable manner in accordance with applicable rules promulgated under the Advisers Act and guidance
provided by the staff of the SEC and consistent with policies and procedures established by the Firm.
Item 13 – Review of Accounts
A. Periodic Reviews
Investment Management and Qualified Plan Client Account Reviews
While investment management accounts and qualified plan client accounts are monitored on an ongoing
basis, PWS’ investment adviser representatives seek to have at least one annual meeting with each client
to conduct a formal review of the clients’ accounts. Accounts are reviewed for consistency with the
investment strategy and other parameters set forth for the account and to determine if any adjustments
need to be made.
Qualified Plan Consulting clients receive reviews of their retirement plans for the duration of the service.
These clients do not receive written or verbal updated reports regarding their plans unless they choose to
engage our firm for ongoing services, in a separate agreement.
Financial Planning and Consulting Services Account Reviews
Generally, the Firm provides ongoing services to financial planning clients through various collaborative
online planning platforms like eMoney, but PWS representatives are also willing to meet with such clients
upon their request to discuss updates to the plan. PWS will work with the client to update their financial
information (i.e. insurance, investments, assets, income and expenses) upon client request only. Because
much of PWS’ planning occurs through collaborative online portals, Financial Planning clients do not
necessarily receive written or verbal updated reports regarding their financial plans unless they specifically
request one. Financial Planning clients may also separately engage our firm for a post-financial plan
meeting or update to their initial written financial plan should they so choose. Reviews are conducted by
an advisor of PWS who is appropriately licensed to provide financial planning services.
B. Other Reviews and Triggering Factors
In addition to the periodic reviews described above, reviews may be triggered by changes in an account
holder’s personal, tax or financial status. Other events that may trigger a review of an account are material
changes in market conditions as well as macroeconomic and company- specific events. Clients are
encouraged to notify PWS of any changes in his/her/its personal financial situation that might affect his/her
investment needs, objectives, or time horizon.
C. Regular Reports
Written brokerage statements are generated no less than quarterly and are sent directly from the qualified
custodian. These reports list the account positions, activity in the account over the covered period, and
other related information. Clients are also sent confirmations following each brokerage account transaction
unless confirmations have been waived.
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Typically the Firm does not provide independent written reports unless asked to do so, although in certain
circumstances we may provide written commentary as we deem appropriate. Verbal reports to clients take
place on at least an annual basis.
Clients are urged to carefully review all custodial account statements and compare them to any statements
and reports provided by the Firm. PWS statements and reports may vary from custodial statements based
on accounting procedures, reporting dates, or valuation methodologies of certain securities.
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation
A. Economic Benefits Provided by Third Parties for Advice Rendered to Clients
PWS does not receive benefits from third parties for providing investment advice to clients, however as
outlined above PWS receives an economic benefit from Schwab because it may receive support services
and/or products from Schwab without cost or a discount. In addition, PWS receives one Nitrogen license
from unaffiliated manager Aptus Capital Advisors (“Aptus”). The software benefit received by PWS
through its relationship with Aptus does not depend on the amount of PWS client assets directed to Aptus.
In addition, there is no corresponding commitment made by PWS to Aptus to invest any specific amount
or percentage of client assets in any specific Aptus product or strategy. The receipt of these benefits creates
a potential conflict of interest and may indirectly influence PWS’s choice of Aptus as a third party manager
or Schwab for custody and brokerage services.
B. Compensation to Non Supervised Persons for Client Referrals
PWS is party to one or more client solicitation agreements with unaffiliated or affiliated persons
(“Promoters”). The client solicitation agreement provides for compensation to the Promoter for client
referrals to PWS. If a client is introduced to PWS by either an unaffiliated or an affiliated promoter, PWS
pays the promoter a referral fee in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-1 of the Investment
Advisers Act of 1940, and any corresponding state securities law requirements. Any such referral fee shall
be paid solely from the Firm’s investment management fee, and shall not result in any additional charge to
the client. Promoter arrangements inherently give rise to potential conflicts of interest because solicitors
receive an economic benefit for the recommendation of advisory services. PWS addresses these conflicts
through this disclosure. If the client is introduced to PWS by an unaffiliated promoter, the promoter, at the
time of solicitation, shall disclose the nature of the solicitor relationship, and shall provide each prospective
client with a copy of PWS’ written Brochure with a copy of the written disclosure statement from the
promoter to the client disclosing the terms of the arrangement between the Firm and the promoter, including
the compensation to be received by the promoter.
Item 15 – Custody
All clients must utilize a “qualified custodian” as detailed in Item 12. Clients are required to engage the
custodian to retain their funds and securities and direct PWS to utilize the custodian for the client’s
securities transactions. PWS’ agreement with clients and/or the clients’ separate agreements with the B/D
Custodian may authorize PWS through such BD/Custodian to debit the clients’ accounts for the amount of
PWS’ fee and to directly remit that fee to PWS in accordance with applicable custody rules.
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2A Disclosure Brochure
Your account custodian has physical custody of your assets, but the SEC deems us to have legal custody
over your assets if we are authorized to instruct the custodian to deduct our advisory fees directly from
clients’ custodial accounts, when our personnel serve as trustee for advisory clients, general partner of a
private investment fund, and when we have the authority to instruct the custodian to transfer assets to third
parties pursuant to standing letters of authorization (“SLOA”). PWS reports having custody of client assets
under Item 9 Part 1 of Form ADV and is required under Rule 206(4)-2 to obtain a custody audit to verify
client assets over which they have authority as general partner or trustee. For the remaining assets, the SEC
has exempted advisers from the custody audit requirement by rule or no-action relief. Clients will receive
account statements directly from the custodian at least quarterly. They will be sent to the email or postal
mailing address clients provide to the custodian. Clients should carefully review those statements promptly
upon receipt, and to compare them with any reports they receive from us. Clients are encouraged to note
that the account custodian does not verify the accuracy of PWS’s advisory fee calculation. For more
information about custodians and brokerage practices, see “Item 12 - Brokerage Practices.”
Item 16 – Investment Discretion
Clients have the option of providing PWS with investment discretion on their behalf, pursuant to a grant of
a limited power of attorney contained in PWS’ client agreement. By granting PWS investment discretion,
a client authorizes PWS to direct securities transactions and determine which securities are bought and sold,
the total amount to be bought and sold, and the costs at which the transactions will be effected. Clients may
impose reasonable limitations in the form of specific constraints on any of these areas of discretion with
the consent and written acknowledgement of PWS if PWS determines, in its sole discretion, that the
conditions would not materially impact the performance of a management strategy or prove overly
burdensome for the Firm. See also Item 4(C), Client-Tailored Advisory Services.
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities
PWS does not accept the authority to and does not vote proxies on behalf of clients. Clients retain the
responsibility for receiving and voting proxies for all and any securities maintained in client portfolios.
Item 18 – Financial Information
PWS is not required to disclose any financial information pursuant to this item due to the following:
a) PWS does not require or solicit the prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees six months or more in
advance of rendering services;
b) PWS is unaware of any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair its ability to meet its
contractual commitments relating to its discretionary authority over certain client accounts; and
c) PWS has never been the subject of a bankruptcy petition.
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