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10 Post Office Square
Suite 710
Boston, MA 02109
Telephone: (617) 488-9320
PUREfiWealth.com
June 17, 2025
Firm Contact:
Charles B. Corkery
Chief Compliance Officer
Form ADV Part 2A
Brochure
is also available on
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of PUREfi
Wealth, LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at
(617) 488-9320. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United
States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority. Additional
the SEC’s website at
information about PUREfi Wealth, LLC
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov by searching CRD #328459.
Please note that the use of the term “registered investment adviser” and description of our firm
and/or our associates as “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Item 2: Material Changes
PUREfi Wealth, LLC is required to notify Clients of any information that has changed since the last
annual update of the Firm Brochure (“Brochure”) that may be important to them. Clients can
request a full copy of our Brochure or contact us with any questions that they may have about the
changes.
There have been no material updates since our initial SEC filing.
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PUREfi Wealth, LLC
Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 2: Material Changes ............................................................................................................. 2
Item 3: Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. 3
Item 4: Advisory Business ............................................................................................................ 4
Item 5: Fees & Compensation ...................................................................................................... 7
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management .................................................. 11
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements ...................................................................... 12
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss .............................................. 12
Item 9: Disciplinary Information .................................................................................................. 28
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations ............................................................. 28
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in ..................................................................... 29
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ..................................................................................................... 29
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans .......................................................................... 34
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation......................................................................... 35
Item 15: Custody........................................................................................................................ 37
Item 16: Investment Discretion ................................................................................................... 38
Item 17: Voting Client Securities................................................................................................. 38
Item 18: Financial Information .................................................................................................... 38
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PUREfi Wealth, LLC
Item 4: Advisory Business
Description of Firm
PUREfi Wealth, LLC (“Firm” or “Adviser”) provides individuals and other types of Clients with a
wide array of investment advisory services. Our firm is a limited liability company formed under
the laws of the State of Delaware in September 2023 and has been in business since that time.
Our firm is principally owned by Pure Wealth Management, LLC and PUREfi Wealth Investors,
LLC.
The purpose of this Brochure is to disclose the conflicts of interest associated with the investment
transactions, compensation, and any other matters related to investment decisions made by our
firm or its representatives. As a fiduciary, it is our duty to always act in the client’s best interest.
As used in this brochure, the words "we," "our," and "us" refer to PUREfi Wealth, LLC and the
words "you," "your," and "client" refer to you as either a Client or prospective Client of our firm.
Types of Advisory Services Offered
Portfolio Management Services:
Our firm provides Portfolio Management Services to clients on a discretionary or non-
discretionary basis. This service will include asset management and/or financial planning or
consulting services. The service is designed to assist clients in meeting their financial goals by
ascertaining each client’s investment objectives. Thereafter, the Firm will have the responsibility
and authority to formulate investment strategies on the client’s behalf. Our firm will conduct client
meetings to understand their current financial situation, existing resources, and tolerance for risk.
Based on what is learned, an investment approach is presented to the client, consisting of
individual stocks, bonds, ETFs, options, mutual funds and other public and private securities or
investments. Once the appropriate portfolio has been determined, portfolios are continuously and
regularly monitored, and if necessary, rebalanced based upon the client’s individual needs, and
stated goals and objectives. Upon client request, the Firm will provide a summary of observations
and recommendations for the planning or consulting aspects of this service.
Clients that agree to engage our firm on a non-discretionary investment advisory basis must be
willing to accept that the firm cannot effect any account transactions without obtaining prior
consent to any such transaction(s) from the client. Therefore, our firm will be unable to effect any
account transactions (as it would for its discretionary clients) without first obtaining the client’s
consent.
Financial Planning and Consulting Services:
Our firm offers financial planning services which typically involve providing a variety of advisory
services to clients regarding the management of their financial resources based upon an analysis
of their individual needs. These services can range from broad-based financial planning to
consultative subject planning, which may include, but are not limited to, any or all of the following:
Business Planning, Cash Flow Forecasting, Trust and Estate Planning, Financial Reporting,
Investment Consulting, Insurance Planning, Retirement Planning, Risk Management, Charitable
Giving, Distribution Planning, College Planning, and Manager Due Diligence.
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PUREfi Wealth, LLC
Retirement Plan Consulting:
Our firm may provide retirement plan consulting services to employer plan sponsors on an
ongoing basis. Generally, such consulting services consist of assisting employer plan sponsors in
establishing, monitoring, and reviewing their company's participant-directed retirement plan. As
the needs of the plan sponsor dictate, areas of advising may include:
•
Establishing an Investment Policy Statement – Our firm will assist in the development
of a statement that summarizes the investment goals and objectives along with the
broad strategies to be employed to meet the objectives.
Investment Options – Our firm will work with the Plan Sponsor to evaluate existing
investment options and make recommendations for appropriate changes.
•
•
•
Asset Allocation and Portfolio Construction – Our firm will develop strategic asset
allocation models to aid Participants in developing strategies to meet their investment
objectives, time horizon, financial situation, and tolerance for risk.
Investment Monitoring – Our firm will monitor the performance of the investments and
notify the client in the event of over/underperformance and in times of market volatility.
•
Participant Education – Our firm will provide opportunities to educate plan participants
about their retirement plan offerings, different investment options, and general
guidance on allocation strategies.
In providing services for retirement plan consulting, our firm does not provide any advisory
services with respect to the following types of assets: employer securities, real estate (excluding
real estate funds and publicly traded REITS), participant loans, non-publicly traded securities or
assets, other illiquid investments, or brokerage window programs (collectively, “Excluded
Assets”). All retirement plan consulting services shall be in compliance with the applicable state
laws regulating retirement consulting services. This applies to client accounts that are retirement
or other employee benefit plans (“Plan”) governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security
Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”). If the client accounts are part of a Plan, and our firm accepts
appointment to provide services to such accounts, our firm acknowledges its fiduciary standard
within the meaning of Section 3(21) or 3(38) of ERISA, as designated by the Retirement Plan
Consulting Agreement, with respect to the provision of services described therein.
Retirement Plan Rollover Recommendations:
A client or prospective client leaving an employer typically has four options regarding an existing
retirement plan (and may engage in a combination of these options): (i) leave the money in the
former employer’s plan, if permitted, (ii) roll over the assets to the new employer’s plan, if one is
available and rollovers are permitted, (iii) roll over to an Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”), or
(iv) cash out the account value (which could, depending upon the client’s age, result in adverse
tax consequences). If our firm recommends that a client roll over their retirement plan assets into
an account to be managed by our firm, such a recommendation creates a conflict of interest if our
firm will earn new (or increase its current) compensation as a result of the rollover. If our firm
provides a recommendation as to whether a client should engage in a rollover or not, the firm is
acting as a fiduciary within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act
and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws governing retirement accounts.
No client is under any obligation to roll over retirement plan assets to an account managed by our
firm.
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PUREfi Wealth, LLC
Selection of Independent Money Managers:
Our firm may recommend that you use the services of a third-party money manager ("TPMM") to
manage all, or a portion of, your investment portfolio. After gathering information about your
financial situation and objectives, we may recommend that you engage a specific TPMM or
investment program. Factors that we take into consideration when making our recommendation(s)
include, but are not limited to, the following: the TPMM's performance, methods of analysis, fees,
your financial needs, investment goals, risk tolerance, and investment objectives. Our firm will
monitor the TPMM(s)' performance to ensure its management and investment style remains
aligned with your investment goals and objectives. The TPMM(s) will actively manage your
portfolio and will assume discretionary investment authority over your account. In addition,
TPMM(s) may be granted authority to further delegate such discretionary investment authority to
other TPMM(s). In such discretionary relationships, our firm will assume discretionary authority
to hire and fire TPMM(s) and/or reallocate your assets to other TPMM(s) where we deem such
action appropriate.
Assets Held Away From Our Firm:
We may leverage an Order Management System through Pontera to implement investment
selection and rebalancing strategies on behalf of the client in held away accounts (i.e., accounts
not directly held with our recommended custodian). These are primarily 401(k) accounts, HSAs,
403bs, 529 education savings plans, 457 plans, profit sharing plans, and other assets not
custodied with our recommended custodian. We regularly review the available investment options
in these accounts, monitor them, rebalance, and implement our strategies in the same way we do
other accounts, though using different tools as necessary. There may be a difference in the
performance of our strategies of an account using Pontera in comparison to accounts held at our
recommended custodian.
Dynasty Network:
We have entered a contractual relationship with Dynasty Financial Partners, LLC ("Dynasty"),
which provides our firm with operational and back-office support including access to a network of
service providers. Through the Dynasty network of service providers, we may receive preferred
pricing on trading technology, reporting, custody, brokerage, compliance, and other related
services. In addition, Dynasty's subsidiary, Dynasty Wealth Management, LLC ("DWM") is an SEC
registered investment adviser, that provides access to a range of investment services including:
separately managed accounts (“SMA”), mutual fund and ETF asset allocation strategies, and
unified managed accounts ("UMA") managed by external Third-Party Managers (collectively, the
"Investment Programs"). We may separately engage the services of Dynasty and/or its
subsidiaries to access the Investment Programs. Under the SMA and UMA programs, we will
maintain the ability to select the specific, underlying Third Party Managers that will, in turn, have
day-to-day discretionary trading authority over the requisite client assets.
DWM sponsors an investment management platform (the "Platform" or the "TAMP") that is
available to the advisers in the Dynasty Network, such as our firm. Through the Platform, DWM
and Dynasty collectively provide certain technology, administrative, operations, and advisory
support services that allow us to manage our client portfolios and access Third-Party Managers
that provide discretionary services in the form of traditional managed accounts and investment
models. We can allocate all or a portion of Client assets among the different Third-Party Managers
via the Platform. We may also use the model management feature of the TAMP by creating our
own asset allocation model and underlying investments that comprise the model. Through the
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PUREfi Wealth, LLC
model management feature, we may be able to outsource the implementation of trade orders and
periodic rebalancing of the model when needed.
Dynasty charges a “Platform Fee,” for which, unless otherwise disclosed, the Client will be
charged, separate from and in addition to such client’s annual investment management fee, as
described in Item 5 below. The annual investment management fee charged to the Client is not
affected if Platform Fees are changed by Dynasty.
We seek at all times to ensure that any conflicts are addressed on a fully disclosed basis and
investment decisions are handled in a manner that is aligned with the Client’s best interests. Our
firm does not receive any portion of the fees paid directly to Dynasty or the service providers made
available through its platform.
We will maintain the direct contractual relationship with the Client and obtain, through such
agreements, the authority to engage independent third-party managers, DWM and/or Dynasty, as
applicable, for services rendered through the Platform in service to the Client. We may delegate
discretionary trading authority to DWM and/or independent Third-Party Managers to effect
investment and reinvestment of Client assets with the ability to buy, sell, or otherwise effect
investment transactions and allocate client assets. If the Client participates in certain Investment
Programs, DWM or the designated manager, as applicable, is also authorized without prior
consultation with either us or the Client to buy, sell, trade, or allocate Client assets in accordance
with the Client’s designated portfolio, and to deliver instructions to the designated broker-dealer
and/or custodian of the Client’s assets.
Tailoring of Advisory Services
Our firm offers individualized investment advice to our Clients. Each Client may impose reasonable
restrictions, in writing, on the types of investments to be held in the portfolio or our firm’s services.
Restrictions on investments in certain securities or types of securities may affect the performance
of the account due to the level of difficulty of the restriction when managing the account.
Participation in Wrap Fee Programs
Our firm does not offer or sponsor a wrap fee program.
Regulatory Assets Under Management
As of this filing, we provide continuous management services for $262,472,651 in client
assets on a discretionary basis, and no client assets on a non-discretionary basis.
Item 5: Fees & Compensation
Compensation for Our Advisory Services
Portfolio Management Services:
The maximum annual fee charged for this service will not exceed 1.50%. Fees to be assessed will
be outlined in the advisory agreement to be signed by the Client. Annualized fees are billed on a
pro-rata basis quarterly in advance based on the value of the account(s) on the last day of the
previous quarter. There may be immaterial differences between the quarter end market value
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PUREfi Wealth, LLC
reflected on your custodial statement and the valuation as of the last business day of the calendar
quarter used for billing purposes, given timing and account activity. Fees will be deducted from
Client account(s). Adjustments will be made for deposits and withdrawals during the quarter that
are more than $50,000. Our firm may offer direct invoicing in rare cases. If the advisory agreement
is executed at any time other than the first day of the calendar quarter, our fees will apply on a
pro-rata basis, which means that the advisory fee is payable in proportion to the number of days
in the quarter for which the individual is our Client. Our advisory fee is negotiable, depending on
individual Client circumstances and account type.
At our discretion, we may combine the account values of family members living in the same
household to determine the applicable advisory fee. For example, we may combine account
values for Client and Client’s minor children, joint accounts with Client’s spouse, and other types
of related accounts. Combining account values may increase the asset total, which may result in
your paying a reduced advisory fee. Our firm will deduct our fee directly from your account through
the qualified custodian holding your funds and securities. Our firm will deduct our advisory fee only
when you have given our firm written authorization permitting the fees to be paid directly from your
account. Further, the qualified custodian will deliver an account statement to you at least quarterly.
These account statements will show all disbursements from your account. You should review all
statements for accuracy.
Financial Planning and Consulting Services:
Our firm may charge on an hourly or flat fee basis for financial planning and consulting services.
The total estimated fee, as well as the ultimate fee charged, is based on the scope and complexity
of our engagement with the client. The maximum hourly fee to be charged will not exceed $1000.
Flat fees vary upon each arrangement with each Client depending upon the scope and
complexity. Please refer to your agreement that you signed with us for your specific fee details.
The fee-paying arrangements will be determined on a case-by-case basis and will be detailed in
the signed consulting agreement. Our firm will not require a retainer exceeding $1,200 when
services cannot be rendered within 6 months.
Retirement Plan Consulting:
Our Retirement Plan Consulting services are billed on a flat fee basis, or a fee based on the
percentage of Plan assets under management. The total estimated fee, as well as the ultimate fee
charged, is based on the scope and complexity of our engagement with the Client. Our flat fees
range from $1000 to $250,000. Fees based on a percentage of managed Plan assets will not
exceed 1.50%. The fee-paying arrangements will be determined on a case-by-case basis and will
be detailed in the signed consulting agreement.
Assets Held Away From Our Firm:
For assets held at a custodian that is not directly accessible by our firm ("Held Away Accounts"),
we may, but are not required to, manage these Held Away Accounts using the Pontera Order
Management System ("Pontera") that allows our firm to view and manage assets. Our annual fee
for investment management services for held away accounts will follow our Portfolio Management
fee schedule and termination instructions as noted in the Investment Management Agreement.
Our advisory fees will not be deducted directly from the accounts managed through the Pontera
Order Management System. Clients will give written authorization to deduct the fee from another
nonqualified account managed by our firm, in which case, the advisory fee would be deducted
from this account each quarter. Fees will be based upon your negotiated fee in accordance with
our portfolio management fee schedule and your Agreement. The client does not pay an additional
fee for Pontera. Further, the qualified custodian will deliver an account statement to you at least
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PUREfi Wealth, LLC
quarterly. These account statements will show all disbursements from your account. You should
review all statements and invoices for accuracy. Our firm pays 0.25% from our advisory fee to
Pontera. Due to the use of Pontera, you will not pay our firm a higher advisory fee other than what
is listed in the Agreement.
In rare cases, our firm will agree to directly invoice the client. As part of this process, Clients
understand the following:
a) The client’s independent custodian sends statements at least quarterly showing the market
values for each security included in the Assets and all account disbursements, including
the amount of the advisory fees paid to our firm;
b) Clients will provide authorization permitting our firm to be directly paid by these terms.
c)
Our firm will send an invoice directly to the custodian; and
If our firm sends a copy of our invoice to the client, a legend urging the comparison of
information provided in our statement with those from the qualified custodian will be
included.
Dynasty Network:
We participate in Dynasty’s TAMP services. As described above in Item 4, Platform Fees and the
Third-Party Manager related charges are also not included in the investment management fee the
Client pays to us. Clients will be charged separate from and in addition to their investment
management fee and any applicable Third-Party Manager fees. We do not receive any portion of
the fees paid directly to Dynasty or the service providers made available through its platform,
including the Third-Party Manager.
The Third-Party Manager fees are determined by the particular program(s) and manager(s) with
which the Client’s assets are invested and are calculated based upon a percentage of Client assets
under management, as applicable. Independent fixed income manager fees generally range from
0.00% - 0.90% annually, and independent equity manager fees generally range from 0.00% -
1.50% annually.
Under the Dynasty TAMP, the Firm can use mutual fund and ETF asset allocation strategies. The
Platform Fee for these strategies / models will be up to .04%. This Platform Fee is separate from
and in addition to the investment management fee. The Client should be aware that the underlying
securities have internal expenses and/or management fees associated with them, however the
Firm does not participate in any of Dynasty’s or other third-party fees.
Clients will note the total fee reflected on their custodial statement will represent the sum of our
investment management fee, Platform Fee(s), and Third-Party Manager fee(s), accordingly. The
Client should review such statements to determine the total amount of fees associated with their
requisite investments, and Clients should review their investment management agreement with
us to determine the investment management fee the Client pays to us.
Direct Invoicing:
In rare cases, our firm will agree to directly invoice the Client. As part of this process, Clients
understand the following:
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PUREfi Wealth, LLC
a) The Client’s independent custodian sends statements at least quarterly showing the
market values for each security included in the Assets and all account disbursements,
including the amount of the advisory fees paid to our firm;
b) Clients will provide authorization permitting our firm to be directly paid by these terms; and
c)
If required by law and our firm sends a copy of our invoice to the Client, a legend urging
the comparison of information provided in our statement with those from the qualified
custodian will be included.
All fees describing the advisory services of the firm in Item 5 are negotiable.
Other Types of Fees & Expenses
Mutual Funds/ETFs
As part of our investment advisory services our firm may invest, or recommend that you invest, in
mutual funds and exchange traded funds. The fees that you pay to our firm for investment advisory
services are separate and distinct from the fees and expenses charged by mutual funds or
exchange traded funds (described in each fund's prospectus) to their shareholders. These fees
will generally include a management fee and other fund expenses. You will also incur transaction
charges and/or brokerage fees when purchasing or selling securities. These charges and fees are
typically imposed by the broker-dealer or custodian through whom your account transactions are
executed. Our firm does not share in any portion of the brokerage fees/transaction charges
imposed by the broker-dealer or custodian.
Margin Balance and Margin Interest
If suitable for you, our firm may use margin on your account(s) for the purpose of borrowing funds
and/or securities purchases. If a margin account is opened, you will be charged interest on any
credit balance extended to or maintained on your behalf at the broker-dealer. While the value of
the margined security will appear as a debit on your statement, the margin balance in an
account(s) will be assessed an asset-based advisory fee based on the gross value of the
account(s) without any offset for margin or debit balances. With respect to short sales, the Client
will be assessed an asset-based advisory fee based on the value of the security sold short, but
not on the proceeds received upon initiation of the short sale. If you purchase securities on margin
you should understand: 1) the use of borrowed money may result in greater gains or losses than
otherwise would be the case without the use of margin, and 2) there may be no benefit from using
margin if the performance of your account does not exceed the interest expense being charged
on the margin balance plus the additional advisory fees assessed on the securities purchased
using margin. This creates a conflict of interest where we have an incentive to encourage the use
of margin to create a higher market value and therefore receive a higher fee.
Clients may incur transaction fees for trades executed by their chosen custodian. These
transaction fees are separate from our firm’s advisory fees and will be disclosed by the chosen
custodian.
Fidelity Brokerage Services (“Fidelity”) eliminated transaction fees for U.S. listed equities and
exchange traded funds for Clients who opt into electronic delivery of statements or maintain at
least $1 million in assets at Fidelity. Clients who do not meet either criteria will be subject to
transaction fees charged by Fidelity for U.S. listed equities and exchange traded funds.
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Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) does not charge transaction fees for U.S. listed equities
and exchange traded funds.
Clients may also pay holdings charges imposed by the chosen custodian for certain investments,
charges imposed directly by a mutual fund, index fund, or exchange traded fund, which shall be
disclosed in the fund’s prospectus (e.g., fund management fees and other fund expenses),
distribution fees, surrender charges, variable annuity fees, IRA, and qualified retirement plan fees,
mark-ups and mark-downs, spreads paid to market makers, fees for trades executed away from
custodian, wire transfer fees and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities
transactions. Our firm does not receive a portion of these fees.
In some circumstances, we may recommend a custodian other than Schwab or Fidelity. We only
will do so if it is in the best interest of the Client. In these scenarios, additional custodian related
fees, other than the ones mentioned in this section, may be imposed on the Client. We will disclose
these additional fees to the Client before transferring any Client funds to the custodian that we
recommend.
Termination & Refunds
Either party may terminate the advisory agreement signed with our firm for Portfolio Management
services at any time. Upon notice of termination, our firm will process a pro-rata refund by
calculating the amount of the unearned portion of the advisory fees based on the number of days
left in the current quarter.
Financial Planning & Consulting Clients may terminate their agreement at any time before the
delivery of a financial plan by providing written notice. For purposes of calculating refunds, all
work performed up to the point of termination shall be calculated at the hourly fee currently in
effect. Clients will receive a pro-rata refund of unearned fees based on the time and effort
expended by our firm.
There may be immaterial differences between the quarter end market value reflected on the
Client’s custodial statement and the valuation as of the last business day of the calendar quarter
used for billing purposes, given timing and account activity. If assets more than $50,000 are
deposited into or withdrawn from an account after the inception of a billing period, the fee payable
with respect to such assets is adjusted to reflect the interim change in portfolio value.
Commissionable Securities Sales
Our firm and representatives do not sell securities for a commission in advisory accounts.
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management
Our firm does not charge performance-based fees.
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Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements
Client Types:
Our firm has the following Client types: Individuals and High Net Worth Individuals; Trusts, Estates
or Charitable Organizations; Pension, Retirement Plans, and Profit-Sharing Plans; Corporations,
Limited Liability Companies and/or Other Business Types.
Account Requirements:
In general, we do not require a minimum dollar amount to open and maintain an advisory account;
however, we have the right to terminate your account if it falls below a minimum size which, in our
sole opinion, is too small to manage effectively.
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis
We may use the following methods of analysis in formulating our investment advice and/or
managing Client assets. In some circumstances, we may rely on third parties for investment
analysis or research to assist in formulating our investment advice.
Charting: Involves the gathering and processing of price and volume pattern information for a
particular security, sector, broad index, or commodity. This price and volume pattern information
is analyzed. The resulting pattern and correlation data is used to detect departures from expected
performance and diversification and predict future price movements and trends.
Risk: Our charting analysis may not accurately detect anomalies or predict future price
movements. Current prices of securities may reflect all information known about the security and
day-to-day changes in market prices of securities may follow random patterns and may not be
predictable with any reliable degree of accuracy.
Cyclical: A type of technical analysis that involves evaluating recurring price patterns and trends.
Economic/business cycles may not be predictable and may have many fluctuations between long-
term expansions and contractions.
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Investing: – Environmental, social, and
governance criteria are a set of standards for a company’s operations that socially conscious
investors use to screen potential investments.
Environmental criteria consider how a company performs as a steward of nature and its ability to
sustain operations over the macro-scale. Environmental criteria may include a company’s energy
use, waste, pollution, natural resource conservation, and treatment of animals. The criteria can
also be used in evaluating any environmental risks a company might face and how the company
is managing those risks.
Social criteria examine how it manages relationships with employees, suppliers, customers, and
the communities where it operates: Does it work with suppliers that hold the same values as it
claims to hold? Does the company donate a percentage of its profits to the local community or
encourage employees to perform volunteer work there? Do the company’s working conditions
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show high regard for its employees’ health and safety? Are other stakeholders’ interests taken
into account?
Governance specifically concerns a company’s leadership, executive pay, audits internal controls,
and shareholder rights. Investors may want to know that a company uses accurate and
transparent accounting methods and that stockholders are allowed to vote on important issues.
They may also want assurances that companies avoid conflicts of interest in their choice of board
members, don’t use political contributions to obtain unduly favorable treatment and, of course,
don’t engage in illegal practices.
Fundamental Analysis: The analysis of a business's financial statements (usually to analyze the
business's assets, liabilities, and earnings), health, and its competitors and markets. When
analyzing a stock, futures contract, or currency using fundamental analysis there are two basic
approaches one can use: bottom-up analysis and top-down analysis. The terms are used to
distinguish such analysis from other types of investment analysis, such as quantitative and
technical. Fundamental analysis is performed on historical and present data, but with the goal of
making financial forecasts. There are several possible objectives: (a) to conduct a company stock
valuation and predict its probable price evolution; (b) to make a projection on its business
performance; (c) to evaluate its management and make internal business decisions; (d) and/or to
calculate its credit risk.; and (e) to find out the intrinsic value of the share.
Technical Analysis: A security analysis methodology for forecasting the direction of prices
through the study of past market data, primarily price and volume. A fundamental principle of
technical analysis is that a market's price reflects all relevant information, so their analysis looks
at the history of a security's trading pattern rather than external drivers such as economic,
fundamental and news events. Therefore, price action tends to repeat itself due to investors
collectively tending toward patterned behavior – hence technical analysis focuses on identifiable
trends and conditions. Technical analysts also widely use market indicators of many sorts, some
of which are mathematical transformations of price, often including up and down volume,
advance/decline data and other inputs. These indicators are used to help assess whether an asset
is trending, and if it is, the probability of its direction and of continuation.
Third-Party Money Manager Analysis: The analysis of the experience, investment philosophies,
and past performance of independent third-party investment managers is an attempt to determine
if that manager has demonstrated an ability to invest over a period of time and in different
economic conditions. A risk of investing with a third-party manager who has been successful in
the past is that they may not be able to replicate that success in the future. In addition, as our firm
does not control the underlying investments in a third-party manager’s portfolio, there is also a
risk that a manager may deviate from the stated investment mandate or strategy of the portfolio,
making it a less suitable investment for our Clients. Moreover, as our firm does not control the
manager’s daily business and compliance operations, our firm may be unaware of the lack of
internal controls necessary to prevent business, regulatory or reputational deficiencies.
In some circumstances, we may rely on third parties to perform operational due diligence and to
assist in our research which can help formulate our investment advice. In instances where we rely
upon third parties for operational due diligence and research, we ensure that Clients are invested
with managers that align with their investment goals, objectives, and suitability.
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Modern Portfolio Theory: A theory of investment which attempts to maximize portfolio expected
return for a given amount of portfolio risk, or equivalently minimize risk for a given level of
expected return, by carefully diversifying the proportions of various assets.
Security Analysis: Analysis of tradeable financial instruments called securities. These can be
classified into debt securities, equities, or some hybrid of the two. More broadly, futures contracts
and tradeable credit derivatives are sometimes included. Security analysis is typically divided into
fundamental analysis, which relies upon the examination of fundamental business factors such as
financial statements, and technical analysis, which focuses upon price trends and momentum.
Quantitative analysis may use indicators from both areas.
Sector Analysis: Sector analysis involves identification and analysis of various industries or
economic sectors that are likely to exhibit superior performance. Academic studies indicate that
the health of a stock's sector is as important as the performance of the individual stock itself. In
other words, even the best stock located in a weak sector will often perform poorly because that
sector is out of favor. Each industry has differences in terms of its customer base, market share
among firms, industry growth, competition, regulation, and business cycles. Learning how the
industry operates provides a deeper understanding of a company's financial health. One method
of analyzing a company's growth potential is examining whether the number of customers in the
overall market is expected to grow. In some markets, there is zero or negative growth, a factor
demanding careful consideration. Additionally, market analysts recommend that investors should
monitor sectors that are nearing the bottom of performance rankings for possible signs of an
impending turnaround.
Investment Strategies & Asset Classes
We use the following strategies and asset classes in managing Client accounts, provided that such
strategies are appropriate to the needs of the Client and consistent with the Client's investment
objectives, risk tolerance, and time horizons, among other considerations:
Alternative Investments: Hedge funds, commodity pools, Real Estate Investment Trusts
(“REITs”), Business Development Companies (“BDCs”), and other alternative investments involve
a high degree of risk and can be illiquid due to restrictions on transfer and lack of a secondary
trading market. They can be highly leveraged, speculative, and volatile, and an investor could lose
all or a substantial amount of an investment. Alternative investments may lack transparency as to
share price, valuation, and portfolio holdings. Complex tax structures often result in delayed tax
reporting. Compared to mutual funds, hedge funds and commodity pools are subject to less
regulation and often charge higher fees and may require “capital calls” which require additional
payments. Alternative investment managers typically exercise broad investment discretion and
may apply similar strategies across multiple investment vehicles, resulting in less diversification.
Asset Allocation: The implementation of an investment strategy that attempts to balance risk
versus reward by adjusting the percentage of each asset in an investment portfolio according to
the investor's risk tolerance, goals, and investment time frame. Asset allocation is based on the
principle that different assets perform differently in different market and economic conditions. A
fundamental justification for asset allocation is the notion that different asset classes offer returns
that are not perfectly correlated, hence diversification reduces the overall risk in terms of the
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variability of returns for a given level of expected return. Although risk is reduced as long as
correlations are not perfect, it is typically forecast (wholly or in part) based on statistical
relationships (like correlation and variance) that existed over some past period. Expectations for
return are often derived in the same way. An asset class is a group of economic resources sharing
similar characteristics, such as riskiness and return. There are many types of assets that may or
may not be included in an asset allocation strategy. The "traditional" asset classes are stocks
(value, dividend, growth, or sector-specific [or a "blend" of any two or more of the preceding];
large-cap versus mid-cap, small-cap or micro-cap; domestic, foreign [developed], emerging or
frontier markets), bonds (fixed income securities more generally: investment-grade or junk [high-
yield]; government or corporate; short-term, intermediate, long-term; domestic, foreign, emerging
markets), and cash or cash equivalents. Allocation among these three provides a starting point.
Usually included are hybrid instruments such as convertible bonds and preferred stocks, counting
as a mixture of bonds and stocks. Other alternative assets that may be considered include:
commodities: precious metals, nonferrous metals, agriculture, energy, others.; Commercial or
residential real estate (also REITs); Collectibles such as art, coins, or stamps; insurance products
(annuity, life settlements, catastrophe bonds, personal life insurance products, etc.); derivatives
such as long-short or market neutral strategies, options, collateralized debt, and futures; foreign
currency; venture capital; private equity; and/or distressed securities.
Digital Assets: Digital Assets generally refers to an asset that is issued and/or transferred using
distributed ledger or blockchain technology, including, “virtual currencies” (also known as crypto
currencies), “coins”, and “tokens”. We may invest client accounts in and/or advise clients on the
purchase or sale of digital assets. This advice or investment may be in actual digital
coins/tokens/currencies or via investment vehicles such as exchange traded funds (ETFs) or
separately managed accounts (SMAs). The investment characteristics of Digital Assets generally
differ from those of traditional securities and currencies. Digital Assets are not backed by a central
bank or a national, international organization, any hard assets, human capital, or other form of
credit and are relatively new to the marketplace. Rather, Digital Assets are market-based: a Digital
Asset’s value is determined by (and fluctuates often, according to) supply and demand factors, its
adoption in the traditional commerce channels, and/or the value that various market participants
place on it through their mutual agreement or transactions. The lack of history with these types of
investments entail certain unknown risks, are speculative and are not appropriate for all investors.
• Price Volatility of Digital Assets: A principal risk in trading Digital Assets is the rapid
fluctuation of market price. The value of client portfolios relates in part to the value of the
Digital Assets held in the client portfolio and fluctuations in the price of Digital Assets could
adversely affect the value of a client’s portfolio. There is no guarantee that a client will be
able to achieve a better than average market price for Digital Assets or will purchase Digital
Assets at the most favorable price available. The price of Digital Assets achieved by a
client may be affected generally by a wide variety of complex factors such as supply and
demand; availability and access to Digital Asset service providers (such as payment
processors), exchanges, miners or other Digital Asset users and market participants;
perceived or actual security vulnerability; and traditional risk factors including inflation
levels; fiscal policy; interest rates; and political, natural, and economic events.
• Digital Asset Service Providers: Service providers that support Digital Assets and the
Digital Asset marketplace(s) may not be subject to the same regulatory and professional
oversight as traditional securities service providers. Further, there is no assurance that the
availability of and access to virtual currency service providers will not be negatively
affected by government regulation or supply and demand of Digital Assets. Accordingly,
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companies or financial institutions that currently support virtual currency may not do so in
the future.
• Custody of Digital Assets: Under the Advisers Act, SEC registered investment advisers are
required to hold securities with “qualified custodians,” among other requirements. Certain
Digital Assets may be deemed to be securities. Many Digital Assets do not currently fall
under the SEC definition of security and therefore many of the companies providing Digital
Assets custodial services fall outside of the SEC’s definition of “qualified custodian”.
Accordingly, clients seeking to purchase actual digital coins/tokens/currencies may need
to use nonqualified custodians to hold all or a portion of their Digital Assets.
Government Oversight of Digital Assets: Regulatory agencies and/or the constructs responsible
for oversight of Digital Assets or a Digital Asset network may not be fully developed and subject
to change. Regulators may adopt laws, regulations, policies, or rules directly or indirectly affecting
Digital Assets their treatment, transacting, custody, and valuation.
Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”): An ETF is a type of Investment Company (usually, an open-
end fund or unit investment trust) whose primary objective is to achieve the same return as a
particular market index. The vast majority of ETFs are designed to track an index, so their
performance is close to that of an index mutual fund, but they are not exact duplicates. A tracking
error, or the difference between the returns of a fund and the returns of the index, can arise due
to differences in composition, management fees, expenses, and handling of dividends. ETFs
benefit from continuous pricing; they can be bought and sold on a stock exchange throughout the
trading day. Because ETFs trade like stocks, you can place orders just like with individual stocks
- such as limit orders, good-until-canceled orders, stop loss orders, etc. They can also be sold
short. Traditional mutual funds are bought and redeemed based on their net asset values (“NAV”)
at the end of the day. ETFs are bought and sold at the market prices on the exchanges, which
resemble the underlying NAV but are independent of it. However, arbitrageurs will ensure that
ETF prices are kept very close to the NAV of the underlying securities. Although an investor can
buy as few as one share of an ETF, most buy in board lots. Anything bought in less than a board
lot will increase the cost to the investor. Anyone can buy any ETF no matter where in the world it
trades. This provides a benefit over mutual funds, which generally can only be bought in the
country in which they are registered.
One of the main features of ETFs are their low annual fees, especially when compared to
traditional mutual funds. The passive nature of index investing, reduced marketing, and
distribution and accounting expenses all contribute to the lower fees.
Equity Securities: Equity securities represent an ownership position in a company. Equity
securities typically consist of common stocks. The prices of equity securities fluctuate based on,
among other things, events specific to their issuers and market, economic and other conditions.
For example, prices of these securities can be affected by financial contracts held by the issuer
or third parties (such as derivatives) relating to the security or other assets or indices. There may
be little trading in the secondary market for particular equity securities, which may adversely affect
our firm's ability to value accurately or dispose of such equity securities. Adverse publicity and
investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value
and/or liquidity of equity securities. Investing in smaller companies may pose additional risks as it
is often more difficult to value or dispose of small company stocks, more difficult to obtain
information about smaller companies, and the prices of their stocks may be more volatile than
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stocks of larger, more established companies. If it aligns with their investment objectives, Clients
should have a long-term perspective and, for example, be able to tolerate potentially sharp
declines in value.
Fixed Income: Fixed income is a type of investing or budgeting style for which real return rates
or periodic income is received at regular intervals and at reasonably predictable levels. Fixed-
income investors are often retired individuals who rely on their investments to provide a regular,
stable income stream. This demographic tends to invest heavily in fixed-income investments
because of the reliable returns they offer. Fixed-income investors who live on set amounts of
periodically paid income face the risk of inflation eroding their spending power.
Some examples of fixed-income investments include treasuries, money market instruments,
corporate bonds, asset-backed securities, municipal bonds, and international bonds. The primary
risk associated with fixed-income investments is the borrower defaulting on their payment. Other
considerations include exchange rate risk for international bonds and interest rate risk for longer-
dated securities. The most common type of fixed-income security is a bond. Bonds are issued by
federal governments, local municipalities, and major corporations. Fixed-income securities are
recommended for investors seeking a diverse portfolio; however, the percentage of the portfolio
dedicated to fixed income depends on your own personal investment style. There is also an
opportunity to diversify the fixed-income component of a portfolio. Riskier fixed-income products,
such as junk bonds and longer-dated products, should comprise a lower percentage of your
overall portfolio.
The interest payment on fixed-income securities is considered regular income and is determined
based on the creditworthiness of the borrower and current market rates. In general, bonds and
fixed-income securities with longer-dated maturities pay a higher rate, also referred to as the
coupon rate, because they are considered riskier. The longer the security is on the market, the
more time it has to lose its value and/or default. At the end of the bond term, or at bond maturity,
the borrower returns the amount borrowed, also referred to as the principal or par value.
Fund of Funds (“FOF”): A fund of funds is a multi-manager investment strategy in which a fund
invests in other types of funds. This strategy invests in a portfolio that contains different underlying
assets instead of investing directly in bonds, stocks, and other types of securities. The FOF
strategy aims to achieve broad diversification and appropriate asset allocation with investments
in a variety of fund categories that are all wrapped into one fund. These are fund of funds
characteristics that attract small investors who want to get better exposure with fewer risks
compared to directly investing in securities. However, if the fund of funds carries an operating
expense, investors are essentially paying double for an expense that is already included in the
expense figures of the underlying funds.
Fund of Hedge Funds: A fund of funds (“FOF”) is a multi-manager investment strategy in which
a fund invests in other types of funds. This strategy invests in a portfolio that contains different
underlying assets instead of investing directly in bonds, stocks, and other types of securities. The
strategy aims to achieve broad diversification and appropriate asset allocation with investments
in a variety of fund categories that are all wrapped into one fund. These are fund of funds
characteristics that attract small investors who want to get better exposure with fewer risks
compared to directly investing in securities. However, if the fund of funds carries an operating
expense, investors are essentially paying double for an expense that is already included in the
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expense figures of the underlying funds. Some risks associated with Funds of Hedge Funds
include:
• Unregistered Investments: Funds of hedge funds generally invest in several private hedge
funds that are not subject to the SEC's registration and disclosure requirements. Many of
the normal investor protections that are common to most traditional registered investments
are missing. This makes it difficult for both you and the fund of funds manager to assess the
performance of the underlying hedge funds or independently verify information that is
reported.
• Risky Investment Strategies: As noted, hedge funds often use speculative investment and
trading strategies. Hedge funds can be highly leveraged, speculative, and volatile, and an
investor could lose all or a substantial amount of an investment.
• Lack of Liquidity: Hedge funds, both the unregistered and registered variety, are illiquid
investments and are subject to restrictions on transferability and resale. Unlike mutual
funds, there are no specific rules on hedge fund pricing. Registered hedge fund units may
not be redeemable at the investor's option and there is probably no secondary market for
the sale of the hedge fund units.
Fund of Private Equity Funds: A fund of funds (“FOF”) is a multi-manager investment strategy
in which a fund invests in other types of funds. This strategy invests in a portfolio that contains
different underlying assets instead of investing directly in bonds, stocks, and other types of
securities. The FOF strategy aims to achieve broad diversification and appropriate asset allocation
with investments in a variety of fund categories that are all wrapped into one fund. These are fund
of funds characteristics that attract small investors who want to get better exposure with fewer
risks compared to directly investing in securities. However, if the fund of funds carries an operating
expense, investors are essentially paying double for an expense that is already included in the
expense figures of the underlying funds. Some risks associated with Fund of Private Equity Funds
include:
• Funding Risk: The unpredictable timing of cash flows associated with private equity funds
poses funding risks to investors. Commitments are contractually binding and defaulting on
payments results in the loss of private equity partnership interests. This risk is also
commonly referred to as default risk.
• Liquidity Risk: The illiquidity of private equity partnership interests exposes investors to
asset liquidity risk associated with selling in the secondary market at a discount on the
reported net asset value (“NAV”).
• Market Risk: The fluctuation of the market has an impact on the value of the investments
held in the portfolio.
• Capital Risk: The realization value of private equity investments can be affected by
numerous factors, including (but not limited to) the quality of the fund manager, equity
market exposure, interest rates and foreign exchange.
Index Fund: A mutual fund or exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) designed to follow certain preset
rules so that the fund can track specified basket of underlying investments. Those rules may
include tracking prominent indexes like the S&P 500 or the Dow Jones Industrial Average or
implementation rules, such as tax-management, tracking error minimization, large block trading
or patient/flexible trading strategies that allows for greater tracking error, but lower market impact
costs. Index funds may also have rules that screen for social and sustainable criteria. An index
fund’s rules of construction clearly identify the type of companies suitable for the fund. The most
commonly known index fund, the S&P 500 Index Fund, is based on the rules established by S&P
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Dow Jones Indices for their S&P 500 Index. Equity index funds would include groups of stocks
with similar characteristics such as the size, value, profitability and/or the geographic location of
the companies. A group of stocks may include companies from the United States, Non-US
Developed, emerging markets or Frontier Market countries. Additional index funds within these
geographic markets may include indexes of companies that include rules based on company
characteristics or factors, such as companies that are small, mid-sized, large, small value, large
value, small growth, large growth, the level of gross profitability or investment capital, real estate,
or indexes based on commodities and fixed-income. Companies are purchased and held within
the index fund when they meet the specific index rules or parameters and are sold when they
move outside of those rules or parameters. An index fund can be thought of as an investment
utilizing rules-based investing. Some index providers announce changes of the companies in their
index before the change date and other index providers do not make such announcements.
Index funds must periodically "rebalance" or adjust their portfolios to match the new prices and
market capitalization of the underlying securities in the stock or other indexes that they track. This
allows algorithmic traders to perform index arbitrage by anticipating and trading ahead of stock
price movements caused by mutual fund rebalancing, making a profit on foreknowledge of the
large institutional block orders. This results in profits transferred from investors to algorithmic
traders. One problem occurs when a large amount of money tracks the same index. According to
theory, a company should not be worth more when it is in an index. But due to supply and demand,
a company being added can have a demand shock, and a company being deleted can have a
supply shock, and this will change the price. This does not show up in tracking error since the
index is also affected. A fund may experience less impact by tracking a less popular index.
Long-Term Purchases: Our firm may buy securities for your account and hold them for a
relatively long term (more than a year) if in accordance with your investment objectives. The risk
of this strategy is that our firm could miss out on potential short-term gains that could have been
profitable to your account, or it’s possible that the security’s value may decline sharply before our
firm makes a decision to sell.
Margin Transactions: Our firm may purchase securities for your portfolio with money borrowed
from your brokerage account or may allow or recommend that you pledge securities from your
portfolio as collateral for a long by using margin in a brokerage account. This allows you to
purchase more stock than you would be able to with your available cash and allows us to purchase
securities without selling other holdings. Margin accounts and transactions are risky and not
necessarily appropriate for every client. The potential risks associated with these transactions are:
(i) You can lose more funds than are deposited into the margin account; (ii) the forced sale of
securities or other assets in your account; (iii) the sale of securities or other assets without
contacting you; (iv) you may not be entitled to choose which securities or other assets in your
account(s) are liquidated or sold to meet a margin call; and (iv) custodians charge interest on
margin balances which will reduce your returns over time.
Margin Loans: Our firm may allow or recommend that you to pledge securities from your portfolio
as collateral for a loan by using margin in brokerage account. This allows you to own more stock
than you would be able to with your available cash. Margin accounts and transactions are risky
and not necessarily appropriate for every client.
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The potential risks associated with these transactions are (1) You can lose more funds than are
deposited into the margin account; (2) the forced sale of securities or other assets in your account;
(3) the sale of securities or other assets without contacting you; (4) you may not be entitled to
choose which securities or other assets in your account(s) are liquidated or sold to meet a margin
call; and (5) custodians charge interest on margin balances which will reduce your returns over
time.
Mutual Funds: A mutual fund is a company that pools money from many investors and invests
that money in a variety of differing security types based on the objectives of the fund. The portfolio
of the fund consists of the combined holdings it owns. Each share represents an investor’s
proportionate ownership of the fund’s holdings and the income those holdings generate. The price
that investors pay for mutual fund shares are the fund’s per share net asset value (“NAV”) plus
any shareholder fees that the fund imposes at the time of purchase (such as sales loads). Investors
typically cannot ascertain the exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio at any given time, nor can they
directly influence which securities the fund manager buys and sells or the timing of those trades.
With an individual stock, investors can obtain real-time (or close to real-time) pricing information
with relative ease by checking financial websites or by calling a broker or your investment adviser.
Investors can also monitor how a stock’s price changes from hour to hour—or even second to
second. By contrast, with a mutual fund, the price at which an investor purchases or redeems
shares will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which is calculated daily after market close.
The benefits of investing through mutual funds include: (a) Mutual funds are professionally
managed by an investment adviser who researches, selects, and monitors the performance of the
securities purchased by the fund; (b) Mutual funds typically have the benefit of diversification.
Spreading investments across a range of companies and industry sectors can help lower the risk
if a company or sector underperforms. Some investors find it easier to achieve diversification
through ownership of mutual funds rather than through ownership of individual stocks or bonds.;
(c) Some mutual funds accommodate investors who do not have a lot of money to invest by setting
relatively low dollar amounts for initial purchases, subsequent monthly purchases, or both.; and
(d) At any time, mutual fund investors can readily redeem their shares at the current NAV, less
any fees and charges assessed on redemption.
Mutual funds also have features that some investors might view as disadvantages: (a) Investors
must pay sales charges, annual fees, and other expenses regardless of how the fund performs.
Depending on the timing of their investment, investors may also have to pay taxes on any capital
gains distributions they receive. This includes instances where the fund performed poorly after
purchasing shares.; (b) Investors typically cannot ascertain the exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio
at any given time, nor can they directly influence which securities the fund manager buys and
sells or the timing of those trades.; and (c) With an individual stock, investors can obtain real-time
(or close to real-time) pricing information with relative ease by checking financial websites or by
calling a broker or your investment adviser. Investors can also monitor how a stock’s price
changes from hour to hour—or even second to second. By contrast, with a mutual fund, the price
at which an investor purchases or redeems shares will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which
the fund might not calculate until many hours after the investor placed the order. In general, mutual
funds must calculate their NAV at least once every business day, typically after the major U.S.
exchanges close.
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When investors buy and hold an individual stock or bond, the investor must pay income tax each
year on the dividends or interest the investor receives. However, the investor will not have to pay
any capital gains tax until the investor actually sells and makes a profit. Mutual funds, however,
are different. When an investor buys and holds mutual fund shares, the investor will owe income
tax on any ordinary dividends in the year the investor receives or reinvests them. Moreover, in
addition to owing taxes on any personal capital gains when the investor sells shares, the investor
may have to pay taxes each year on the fund’s capital gains. That is because the law requires
mutual funds to distribute capital gains to shareholders if they sell securities for a profit and cannot
use losses to offset these gains.
Options: An option is a financial derivative that represents a contract sold by one party (the option
writer) to another party (the option holder, or option buyer). The contract offers the buyer the right,
but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security or other financial asset at an agreed-upon price
(the strike price) during a certain period of time or on a specific date (exercise date). Options are
extremely versatile securities. Traders use options to speculate, which is a relatively risky practice,
while hedgers use options to reduce the risk of holding an asset. In terms of speculation, option
buyers and writers have conflicting views regarding the outlook on the performance of a:
• Call Option: Call options give the option buyer to purchase the underlying asset at a
certain price, so the buyer would want the stock to go up. Conversely, the option writer
needs to provide the underlying asset in the event that the asset’s market price exceeds
the strike due to the contractual obligation. An option writer who sells a call option
believes that the underlying asset’s price will drop relative to the option's strike price
during the life of the option, as that is how he will reap maximum profit. This is exactly
the opposite outlook of the option buyer. The buyer believes that the underlying asset
will rise; if this happens, the buyer will be able to acquire the asset for a lower price and
then sell it for a profit. However, if the underlying asset does not close above the strike
price on the expiration date, the option buyer would lose the premium paid for the call
option.
• Put Option: Put options give the option buyer to sell the underlying asset at a certain
price, so the buyer would want the asset to go down. The opposite is true for put option
writers. For example, a put option buyer is bearish on the underlying asset and believes
its market price will fall below the specified strike price on or before a specified date.
On the other hand, an option writer who sells a put option believes the underlying
asset’s price will increase about a specified price on or before the expiration date. If the
underlying asset’s price closes above the specified strike price on the expiration date,
the put option writer's maximum profit is achieved. Conversely, a put option holder
would only benefit from a fall in the underlying asset’s price below the strike price. If the
underlying asset’s price falls below the strike price, the put option writer is obligated to
purchase shares of the underlying asset at the strike price.
The potential risks associated with these transactions are that (1) all options expire. The closer
the option gets to expiration, the quicker the premium in the option deteriorates; and (2) Prices
can move very quickly. Depending on factors such as time until expiration and the relationship of
the asset price to the option’s strike price, small movements in an asset can translate into big
movements in the underlying options.
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Passive Investment Management: Passive investing involves building portfolios that are
comprised of various distinct asset classes. The asset classes are weighted in a manner to achieve
a desired relationship between correlation, risk, and return. Funds that passively capture the
returns of the desired asset classes are placed in the portfolio. The funds that are used to build
passive portfolios are typically index mutual funds or exchange traded funds. Passive investment
management is characterized by low portfolio expenses (i.e., the funds inside the portfolio have
low internal costs), minimal trading costs (due to infrequent trading activity), and relative tax
efficiency (because the funds inside the portfolio are tax efficient and turnover inside the portfolio
is minimal).
In contrast, active management involves a single manager or managers who employ some
method, strategy, or technique to construct a portfolio that is intended to generate returns that are
greater than the broader market or a designated benchmark. Academic research indicates most
active managers underperform the market.
Private Equity: Private equity is an equity investment into non-quoted companies. The private
equity investor looks at an investment prospect as investing in a company as opposed to investing
in a company's stock. Private equity funds hold illiquid positions (for which there is no active
secondary market) and typically only invest in the equity and debt of target companies, which are
generally taken private and brought under the private equity manager's control. Risks associated
with private equity include:
• Funding Risk: The unpredictable timing of cash flows poses funding risks to investors.
Commitments are contractually binding and defaulting on payments results in the loss of
private equity partnership interests. This risk is also commonly referred to as default risk.
• Liquidity Risk: The illiquidity of private equity partnership interests exposes investors to
asset liquidity risk associated with selling in the secondary market at a discount on the
reported NAV.
• Market Risk: The fluctuation of the market has an impact on the value of the investments
held in the portfolio.
• Capital Risk: The realization value of private equity investments can be affected by
numerous factors, including (but not limited to) the quality of the fund manager, equity
market exposure, interest rates and foreign exchange.
Private Funds: A private fund is an investment vehicle that pools capital from a number of
investors and invests in securities and other instruments. In almost all cases, a private fund is a
private investment vehicle that is typically not registered under federal or state securities laws. So
that private funds do not have to register under these laws, issuers make the funds available only
to certain sophisticated or accredited investors and cannot be offered or sold to the general public.
Private funds are generally smaller than mutual funds because they are often limited to a small
number of investors and have a more limited number of eligible investors. Many but not all private
funds use leverage as part of their investment strategies. Private funds management fees typically
include a base management fee along with a performance component. In many cases, the fund’s
managers may become “partners” with their clients by making personal investments of their own
assets in the fund. Most private funds offer their securities by providing an offering memorandum
or private placement memorandum, known as “PPM” for short.
The PPM covers important information for investors and investors should review this document
carefully and should consider conducting additional due diligence before investing in the private
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fund. The primary risks of private funds include the following: (a) Private funds do not sell publicly
and are therefore illiquid. An investor may not be able to exit a private fund or sell its interests in
the fund before the fund closes.; and (b) Private funds are subject to various other risks, including
risks associated with the types of securities that the private fund invests in or the type of business
issuing the private placement.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”): REITs primarily invest in real estate or real estate-
related loans. Equity REITs own real estate properties, while mortgage REITs hold construction,
development and/or long-term mortgage loans. Changes in the value of the underlying property
of the trusts, the creditworthiness of the issuer, property taxes, interest rates, tax laws, and
regulatory requirements, such as those relating to the environment, all can affect the values of
REITs. Both types of REITs are dependent upon management skill, the cash flows generated by
their holdings, the real estate market in general, and the possibility of failing to qualify for any
applicable pass-through tax treatment or failing to maintain any applicable exempted status
afforded under relevant laws.
REITs involve a high degree of risk and can be illiquid due to restrictions on transfer and lack of a
secondary trading market. They can be highly leveraged, speculative, and volatile, and an investor
could lose all or a substantial amount of an investment. Additionally, they may lack transparency
as to share price, valuation, and portfolio holdings as they are subject to less regulation and often
charge higher fees.
Sector Allocation: Our firm may allocate Client assets to various sectors of the market to align
with client investment goals and suitability. The risk of sector allocation is that Clients may not
participate fully in an increase in value in other specific sectors.
Short-Term Purchases: When utilizing this strategy, our firm may also purchase securities with
the idea of selling them within a relatively short time (typically a year or less). Our firm does this
in an attempt to take advantage of conditions that our firm believes will soon result in a price swing
in the securities our firm purchases.
Structured Products: Structured products are designed to facilitate highly customized risk-return
objectives. While structured products come in many different forms, they typically consist of a debt
security that is structured to make interest and principal payments based upon various assets,
rates, or formulas. Many structured products include an embedded derivative component.
Structured products may be structured in the form of a security, in which case these products may
receive benefits provided under federal securities law, or they may be cast as derivatives, in which
case they are offered in the over-the-counter market.
Investing in structured products includes significant risks, including valuation, lack of liquidity,
price, credit, and market risks. The relative lack of liquidity is due to the highly customized nature
of the investment and the fact that the full extent of returns from the complex performance features
is often not realized until maturity.
Another risk with structured products is the credit quality of the issuer. Although the cash flows
are derived from other sources, the products themselves are legally considered to be the issuing
financial institution's liabilities. However, most structured products are from high-investment-
grade issuers. Also, there is a lack of pricing transparency. There is no uniform standard for
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PUREfi Wealth, LLC
pricing, making it harder to compare the net-of-pricing attractiveness of alternative structured
product offerings than it is, for instance, to compare the net expense ratios of different mutual
funds or commissions among broker-dealers.
Variable Annuities (“VA”): A variable annuity is a type of annuity contract that allows for the
accumulation of capital on a tax-deferred basis. As opposed to a fixed annuity that offers a
guaranteed interest rate and a minimum payment at annuitization, variable annuities offer
investors the opportunity to generate higher rates of returns by investing in equity and bond
subaccounts. If a variable annuity is annuitized for income, the income payments can vary based
on the performance of the subaccounts. Risks associated with VAs may include:
• Taxes and federal penalties for early withdrawal
• Surrender charges for early withdrawal can last for years
• Earnings taxed at ordinary income tax rates
• Mortality expense to compensate the insurance company for insurance risks
• Fees and expenses imposed for the subaccounts
• Other features with additional fees and charges
• Investment losses
Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that Clients should be prepared to bear. While the
markets may increase and the account(s) could enjoy a gain, it is also possible that the markets
may decrease, and the account(s) could suffer a loss. It is important that Clients understand the
risks associated with investing in the markets, and that their assets are appropriately diversified
in investments. Clients are encouraged to ask our firm any questions regarding their risk tolerance.
Capital Risk: Capital risk is one of the most basic, fundamental risks of investing; it is the risk that
you may lose 100% of your investment. All investments carry some form of risk, and the loss of
capital is generally a risk for any investment instrument.
Company Risk: When investing there is always a certain level of company or industry specific
risk that is inherent in each investment. This is also referred to as unsystematic risk and can be
reduced through appropriate diversification. There is the risk that the company will perform poorly
or have its value reduced based on factors specific to the company or its industry. For example,
if a company’s employees go on strike or the company receives unfavorable media attention for
its actions, the value of the company may be reduced.
Economic Risk: The prevailing economic environment is important to the health of all businesses.
Some companies, however, are more sensitive to changes in the domestic or global economy
than others. These types of companies are often referred to as cyclical businesses. Countries in
which a large portion of businesses are in cyclical industries are thus also very economically
sensitive and carry a higher amount of economic risk. If an investment is issued by a party located
in a country that experiences wide swings from an economic standpoint or in situations where
certain elements of an investment instrument are hinged on dealings in such countries, the
investment instrument will generally be subject to a higher level of economic risk.
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ESG Risk: The risks associated with ESG Investing include the following:
•
•
Lack of Standardization Risk: Variability and imprecision of industry ESG definitions
and terms can create confusion among investors if investment advisers and funds have
not clearly and consistently articulated how they define ESG criteria and how they use
ESG-related terms, especially when offering products or services to retail investors.
Additionally, actual portfolio management practices of investment advisers and funds
may not be consistent with their disclosed ESG investing processes or investment
goals.
Implementation Risk: Actual implementation of ESG investment practices may result
in:
o The actual implementation practices differing from Client disclosures in required
documents (e.g., Form ADV Part 2A) and other Client/investor-facing documents
(e.g., advisory agreements, offering materials, responses to requests for proposals,
and due diligence questionnaires). For example, a firm that claims adherence to
global ESG frameworks may lack adherence to these standards during their day-
to-day trading activities.
o A firm holding funds that are predominated by issuers with low ESG scores.
o A firm not having adequate controls around implementation and monitoring of
Clients’ negative screens (e.g., prohibitions on investments in certain industries,
such as alcohol, tobacco, or firearms), especially if the directives were ill-defined,
vague, or inconsistent.
o A firm not having adequate systems to consistently and reasonably track and
update Clients’ negative screens leading to the risk that prohibited securities could
be included in Client portfolios.
o Client preferences to favor certain industries or issuers not being effectuated
because of challenges with implementation and monitoring, despite contrary
marketing claims touting processes for implementing Clients’ positive screens.
• Proxy Voting Risk: Inconsistencies between public ESG-related proxy voting claims
and internal proxy voting policies and practices may occur such as public statements
that ESG related proxy proposals would be independently evaluated on a case-by-
case basis to maximize value, while internal guidelines generally do not provide for
such case-by-case analysis.
• Disclosure Risk: Lack of policies and procedures to ensure firms obtained reasonable
support for ESG-related marketing claims, and inadequate policies and procedures
regarding oversight of ESG-focused sub-advisers is also a risk. Firms have also had
difficulties in substantiating adherence to stated investment processes, such as
supporting claims made to Clients that each fund investment had received a high score
for each separate component of ESG (i.e., environmental, social, and governance),
when relying instead on composite ESG scores provided by a sub-adviser.
Equity (Stock) Market Risk: Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations
and, volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their
issuers change. If you held common stock, or common stock equivalents, of any given issuer,
you would generally be exposed to greater risk than if you held preferred stocks and debt
obligations of the issuer.
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ETF & Mutual Fund Risk: When investing in an ETF or mutual fund, you will bear additional
expenses based on your pro rata share of the ETF’s or mutual fund’s operating expenses,
including the potential duplication of management fees. The risk of owning an ETF or mutual fund
generally reflects the risks of owning the underlying securities, the ETF, or mutual fund holds.
Clients will also incur brokerage costs when purchasing ETFs.
Financial Risk: Financial risk is represented by internal disruptions within an investment or the
issuer of an investment that can lead to unfavorable performance of the investment. Examples of
financial risk can be found in cases like Enron or many of the dot com companies that were caught
up in a period of extraordinary market valuations that were not based on solid financial footings of
the companies.
Fixed Income Securities Risk: Typically, the values of fixed-income securities change inversely
with prevailing interest rates. Therefore, a fundamental risk of fixed-income securities is interest
rate risk, which is the risk that their value will generally decline as prevailing interest rates rise,
which may cause your account value to likewise decrease, and vice versa. How specific fixed
income securities may react to changes in interest rates will depend on the specific characteristics
of each security. Fixed-income securities are also subject to credit risk, prepayment risk, valuation
risk, and liquidity risk. Credit risk is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest and
principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such
payments will cause the price of a bond to decline.
Higher Trading Costs: For any investment instrument or strategy that involves active or frequent
trading, you may experience larger than usual transaction-related costs. Higher transaction-
related costs can negatively affect overall investment performance.
Inflation Risk: Inflation risk involves the concern that in the future, your investment or proceeds
from your investment will not be worth what they are today. Throughout time, the prices of
resources and end-user products generally increase and thus, the same general goods and
products today will likely be more expensive in the future. The longer an investment is held, the
greater the chance that the proceeds from that investment will be worth less in the future than
what they are today. Said another way, a dollar tomorrow will likely get you less than what it can
today.
Interest Rate Risk: Certain investments involve the payment of a fixed or variable rate of interest
to the investment holder. Once an investor has acquired or has acquired the rights to an
investment that pays a particular rate (fixed or variable) of interest, changes in overall interest
rates in the market will affect the value of the interest-paying investment(s) they hold. In general,
changes in prevailing interest rates in the market will have an inverse relationship to the value of
existing, interest paying investments. In other words, as interest rates move up, the value of an
instrument paying a particular rate (fixed or variable) of interest will go down. The reverse is
generally true as well.
Legal/Regulatory Risk: Certain investments or the issuers of investments may be affected by
changes in state or federal laws or in the prevailing regulatory framework under which the
investment instrument or its issuer is regulated. Changes in the regulatory environment or tax
laws can affect the performance of certain investments or issuers of those investments and thus,
can have a negative impact on the overall performance of such investments.
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Liquidity Risk: Certain assets may not be readily converted into cash or may have a very limited
market in which they trade. This can create a substantial delay in the receipt of proceeds from an
investment. Liquidity risk can also result in unfavorable pricing when exiting (i.e., not being able
to quickly get out of an investment before the price drops significantly) a particular investment and
therefore, can have a negative impact on investment returns.
Market Risk: The value of your portfolio may decrease if the value of an individual company or
multiple companies in the portfolio decreases or if our belief about a company’s intrinsic worth is
incorrect. Further, regardless of how well individual companies perform, the value of your portfolio
could also decrease if there are deteriorating economic or market conditions. It is important to
understand that the value of your investment may fall, sometimes sharply, in response to changes
in the market, and you could lose money. Investment risks include price risk as may be observed
by a drop in a security’s price due to company specific events (e.g., earnings disappointment or
downgrade in the rating of a bond) or general market risk (e.g., such as a “bear” market when
stock values fall in general). For fixed-income securities, a period of rising interest rates could
erode the value of a bond since bond values generally fall as bond yields go up.
Options Risk: Options on securities may be subject to greater fluctuations in value than an
investment in the underlying securities. Additionally, options have an expiration date, which makes
them “decay” in value over the amount of time they are held and can expire worthless. Purchasing
and writing put and call options are highly specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary
investment risks.
Past Performance: Charting and technical analysis are often used interchangeably. Technical
analysis generally attempts to forecast an investment’s future potential by analyzing its past
performance and other related statistics. In particular, technical analysis often times involves an
evaluation of historical pricing and volume of a particular security for the purpose of forecasting
where future price and volume figures may go. As with any investment analysis method, technical
analysis runs the risk of not knowing the future and thus, investors should realize that even the
most diligent and thorough technical analysis cannot predict or guarantee the future performance
of any particular investment instrument or issuer thereof. Past performance is not a guarantee of
future returns.
Preferred Securities Risk: Preferred Securities such as the preferred stock underlying this
strategy have similar characteristics to bonds in that preferred securities are designed to make
fixed payments based on a percentage of their par value and are senior to common stock. Like
bonds, the market value of preferred securities is sensitive to changes in interest rates as well as
changes in issuer credit quality. Preferred securities, however, are junior to bonds with regard to
the distribution of corporate earnings and liquidation in the event of bankruptcy. Preferred
securities that are in the form of preferred stock also differ from bonds in that dividends on
preferred stock must be declared by the issuer’s board of directors, whereas interest payments
on bonds generally do not require action by the issuer’s board of directors, and bondholders
generally have protections that preferred stockholders do not have, such as indentures that are
designed to guarantee payments – subject to the credit quality of the issuer – with terms and
conditions for the benefit of bondholders. In contrast preferred stocks generally pay dividends, not
interest payments, which can be deferred or stopped in the event of credit stress without triggering
bankruptcy or default. Another difference is that preferred dividends are paid from the issue’s
after-tax profits, while bond interest is paid before taxes.
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Strategy Risk: There is no guarantee that the investment strategies discussed herein will work
under all market conditions and each investor should evaluate their ability to maintain any
investment they are considering in light of their own investment time horizon. Investments are
subject to risk, including possible loss of principal.
Description of Material, Significant or Unusual Risks
Our firm generally invests Client cash balances in money market funds, FDIC Insured Certificates
of Deposit, high-grade commercial paper and/or government backed debt instruments. Ultimately,
our firm tries to achieve the highest return on Client cash balances through relatively low-risk
conservative investments. In most cases, at least a partial cash balance will be maintained in a
money market account so that our firm may debit advisory fees for our services related to our
Comprehensive Portfolio Management service.
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
There are no legal or disciplinary events that are material to the evaluation of our advisory
business or the integrity of our management.
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations
Licensed Insurance Agents:
Investment Adviser Representatives of our firm may also be insurance agents. They could offer
insurance products and receive customary fees as a result of insurance sales. A conflict of interest
exists as these insurance sales create an incentive to recommend products based on the
compensation adviser and/or our supervised persons may earn. To mitigate this conflict, our firm
will act in the Client’s best interest.
Dynasty Network
Our firm maintains a business relationship with Dynasty Financial Partners, LLC (“Dynasty”).
Dynasty offers operational and back-office core service support including access to a network of
service providers. Through the Dynasty network of service providers, we may receive preferred
pricing on trading, technology, transition support, reporting, custody, brokerage, compliance, and
other related consulting services.
While we believe this open architecture structure for operational services best serves the interest
of our Clients, this relationship may potentially present certain conflicts of interest due to the fact
that Dynasty is paid by us or our Clients for the services referenced above. In light of the
foregoing, we seek at all times to ensure that any material conflicts are addressed on a fully-
disclosed basis and handled in a manner that is aligned with the Client’s best interest. We do not
receive any portion of the fees paid directly to Dynasty, its affiliates or the service providers made
available through Dynasty’s platform. In addition, we review such relationships, including the
service providers engaged through Dynasty, on a periodic basis in an effort to ensure you are
receiving competitive rates in relation to the quality and scope of the services provided.
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Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation, or Interest in
Client Transactions & Personal Trading
Description of Our Code of Ethics:
We strive to comply with applicable laws and regulations governing our practices. Therefore, our
Code of Ethics includes guidelines for professional standards of conduct for persons associated with
our firm. Our goal is to protect your interests at all times and to demonstrate our commitment to our
fiduciary duties of honesty, good faith, and fair dealing with you. All persons associated with our firm
are expected to adhere strictly to these guidelines. Persons associated with our firm are also required
to report any violations of our Code of Ethics. Additionally, we maintain and enforce written policies
reasonably designed to prevent the misuse or dissemination of material, non-public information about
you or your account holdings by persons associated with our firm.
Clients or prospective Clients may obtain a copy of our Code of Ethics by contacting us at the
telephone number on the cover page of this brochure.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions:
Neither our firm nor any persons associated with our firm has any material financial interest in Client
transactions beyond the provision of investment advisory services as disclosed in this brochure.
Personal Trading Practices:
Our firm or persons associated with our firm may buy or sell the same securities that we recommend
to you or securities in which you are already invested. A conflict of interest exists in such cases
because we have the ability to trade ahead of you and potentially receive more favorable prices than
you will receive. To mitigate this conflict of interest, it is our policy that neither our firm nor persons
associated with our firm shall have priority over your account in the purchase or sale of securities.
Aggregated Trading:
Our firm or persons associated with our firm may buy or sell securities for you at the same time we
or persons associated with our firm buy or sell such securities for our own account. We may also
combine our orders to purchase securities with your orders to purchase securities ("aggregated
trading"). Refer to the Brokerage Practices section in this brochure for information on our aggregated
trading practices.
A conflict of interest exists in such cases because we have the ability to trade ahead of you and
potentially receive more favorable prices than you will receive. To mitigate this conflict of interest, it
is our policy that neither our firm nor persons associated with our firm shall have priority over your
account in the purchase or sale of securities.
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
Custodian & Brokers Used
Our firm does not maintain custody of Client assets (although our firm may be deemed to have
custody of Client assets if given the authority to withdraw assets from Client accounts. See Item
15 Custody, below). Client assets must be maintained in an account at a “qualified custodian,”
generally a broker-dealer or bank. Our firm recommends that Clients establish their accounts at
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PUREfi Wealth, LLC
the Schwab Advisor Services division of Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. (“Schwab”), National
Financial Services LLC and Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC (collectively, and together with all
affiliates, "Fidelity"), each a FINRA-registered broker-dealer, member SIPC, as the qualified
custodian, or another qualified custodian if it is deemed to be in the client’s best interest. Our firm
is independently owned and operated, and not affiliated with Schwab, Fidelity, or any other
custodian. The custodian will hold Client assets in a brokerage account(s) and buy and sell
securities when instructed. While our firm recommends that Clients use Schwab, Fidelity, or
another custodian as a custodian/broker, Clients will decide whether to do so and open an account
with the custodian by entering into an account agreement directly with them. Our firm does not
open the account. Even though the account is maintained at a specific custodian, our firm can still
use other brokers to execute trades, as described in the next paragraph.
As mentioned in Item 5, in some circumstances, we may recommend a custodian other than
Schwab or Fidelity. With different custodial relationships, the Client may be subject to additional
services, products, fees, and other material details that may not be described in this section. In
these scenarios, we disclose any material information to the Client before transferring any Client
funds to the custodian that we recommend. We only will recommend another custodian other than
Fidelity or Schwab if it is in the best interest of the Client.
How Brokers/Custodians Are Selected:
Our firm seeks to recommend a custodian/broker who will hold Client assets and execute
transactions on terms that are overall most advantageous when compared to other available
providers and their services. A wide range of factors are considered, including, but not limited to:
• Combination of transaction execution services along with asset custody services
(generally without a separate fee for custody)
• Capability to execute, clear, and settle trades (buy and sell securities for Client accounts)
• Capabilities to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers,
check requests, bill payment, etc.)
• Breadth of investment products made available (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange
traded funds (ETFs), etc.)
• Availability of investment research and tools that assist in making investment decisions
quality of services.
• Competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, margin interest rates,
other fees, etc.) and willingness to negotiate them.
• Reputation, financial strength, and stability of the provider.
• Prior service to our firm and our other Clients.
• Availability of other products and services that benefit our firm, as discussed below (see
“Products & Services Available from Schwab & Fidelity”)
Custody & Brokerage Costs:
Schwab and Fidelity generally do not charge a separate fee for custody services but are
compensated by charging for transactions or other fees to Clients on trades that are executed or
that settle into the Schwab or Fidelity account. In addition to these transaction fees, Schwab and
Fidelity charge a flat dollar amount as a “prime broker” or “trade away” fee for each trade that our
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firm has executed by a different broker-dealer but where the securities bought or the funds from
the securities sold are deposited (settled) into a Schwab account. These fees are in addition to
the transaction charges or other compensation paid to the executing broker-dealer. Because of
this, in order to minimize Client trading costs, our firm has Schwab or Fidelity execute most trades
for the accounts.
Products & Services Available from Schwab and Fidelity:
Schwab Advisor Services is Schwab’s business serving independent investment advisory firms
like our firm. They provide our firm and Clients with access to its institutional brokerage – trading,
custody, reporting and related services – many of which are not typically available to Schwab
retail customers. Schwab also makes available various support services. Some of those services
help manage or administer our Client accounts while others help manage and grow our business.
Schwab’s support services are generally available on an unsolicited basis (our firm does not have
to request them) and at no charge to our firm. The availability of Schwab’s products and services
is not based on the provision of particular investment advice, such as purchasing particular
securities for Clients.
Fidelity may make certain research and brokerage services available at no additional cost to our
firm. Research products and services provided by Fidelity may include: research reports on
recommendations or other information about particular companies or industries; economic
surveys; data and analyses; financial publications; portfolio evaluation services; financial database
software and services; computerized news and pricing services; quotation equipment for use in
running software used in investment decision-making; and other products or services that provide
lawful and appropriate assistance by Fidelity to our firm in the performance of our investment
decision-making responsibilities. The aforementioned research and brokerage services qualify for
the safe harbor exemption defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Here is a more detailed description of Schwab and Fidelity’s support services:
Services that Benefit Clients:
Schwab and Fidelity’s institutional brokerage services include access to a broad range of
investment products, execution of securities transactions, and custody of Client assets. The
investment products available through Schwab and Fidelity include some to which our firm might
not otherwise have access or that would require a significantly higher minimum initial investment
by firm Clients. Schwab and Fidelity’s services described in this paragraph generally benefit
Clients and their accounts.
Services that May Not Directly Benefit Clients:
Schwab and Fidelity also make available other products and services that benefit our firm but may
not directly benefit Clients or their accounts. These products and services assist in managing and
administering our Client accounts. They include investment research, both Schwab and Fidelity,
and that of third parties. This research may be used to service all or some substantial number of
Client accounts, including accounts not maintained at Schwab or Fidelity. In addition to investment
research, Schwab and Fidelity also make available software and other technology that:
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• provides access to Client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account
•
statements);
facilitates trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple Client
accounts;
facilitates payment of our fees from our Client’s accounts; and
• provides pricing and other market data;
•
• assists with back-office functions, recordkeeping, and Client reporting.
Services that Generally Benefit Only Our Firm:
Schwab and Fidelity also offer other services intended to help manage and further develop our
business enterprise. These services include:
technology, compliance, legal, and business consulting;
• educational conferences and events
•
• publications and conferences on practice management and business succession; and
• access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants and insurance
providers.
Schwab and Fidelity may provide some of these services itself. In other cases, Schwab and Fidelity
will arrange for third-party vendors to provide the services to our firm. Schwab and Fidelity may
also discount or waive fees for some of these services or pay all or a part of a third party’s fees.
Schwab and Fidelity may also provide our firm with other benefits, such as occasional business
entertainment for our personnel. Irrespective of direct or indirect benefits to our Clients through
Schwab and Fidelity, our firm strives to enhance the Client experience, help Clients reach their
goals, and put Client interests before that of our firm or associated persons.
Our Interest in Schwab and Fidelity Services:
The availability of these services from Schwab and Fidelity benefit our firm because our firm does
not have to produce or purchase them. Our firm does not have to pay for these services, and they
are not contingent upon committing any specific amount of business to Schwab and Fidelity in
trading fees or assets in custody.
In light of our arrangements with Schwab and Fidelity, a conflict of interest exists as our firm may
have incentive to require that Clients maintain their accounts with Schwab and Fidelity based on
our interest in receiving their services that benefit our firm rather than based on Client interest in
receiving the best value in custody services and the most favorable execution of transactions. As
part of our fiduciary duty to our Clients, our firm will endeavor at all times to put the interests of
our Clients first. Clients should be aware, however, that the receipt of economic benefits by our
firm or our related persons creates a conflict of interest and may indirectly influence our firm’s
choice of Schwab or Fidelity as a custodial recommendation. Our firm examined this conflict of
interest when our firm chose to recommend Schwab and Fidelity and have determined that the
recommendation is in the best interest of our firm’s Clients and satisfies our fiduciary obligations,
including our duty to seek best execution.
In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether
the transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range
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of a broker-dealer’s services, including the value of research provided, execution capability,
commission rates, and responsiveness. Although our firm will seek competitive rates, to the
benefit of all Clients, our firm may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for
specific Client account transactions. Our firm believes that the selection of Schwab or Fidelity as
a custodian and broker is in the best interest of our Clients. It is primarily supported by the scope,
quality and price of Schwab or Fidelity’s services, and not Schwab or Fidelity’s services that only
benefit our firm.
Transition Assistance
Schwab and Fidelity may offer transition assistance to reimburse our firm for a variety of costs,
including Automated Customer Account Transfer (“ACAT Fees”) or any other account termination
fees for Client accounts transferred to the custodial platform. In addition, Schwab and Fidelity
have offered to assist our firm for eligible expenses that include marketing, technology, consulting,
or research expenses. The receipt of transition assistance creates a conflict of interest for our firm
to recommend Clients use Schwab or Fidelity to custody their assets. In an attempt to mitigate
this conflict of interest, our firm has evaluated Schwab and Fidelity’s full suite of services and
recommends the use of Schwab or Fidelity based on the overall value of such services.
Aside from this, our firm does not receive soft dollars more than what is allowed by Section 28(e)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The safe harbor research products and services obtained
by our firm will generally be used to service all our Clients but not necessarily all at any one
particular time.
Client Fees for Transactions
Schwab and Fidelity do not make Client brokerage fees generated by Client transactions available
for our firm’s use.
Client Transactions in Return for Soft Dollars
Our firm does not direct Client transactions to a particular broker-dealer in return for soft dollar
benefits.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
Our firm does not receive brokerage for Client referrals.
Directed Brokerage
Neither our firm nor any of our firm’s representatives have discretionary authority in making the
determination of the brokers-dealers and/or custodians with whom orders for the purchase or sale
of securities are placed for execution, and the commission rates at which such securities
transactions are effected. Our firm routinely recommends that Clients direct us to execute through
a specified broker-dealer. Our firm recommends the use of Schwab or Fidelity. Each Client will be
required to establish their account(s) with Schwab or Fidelity (or in some cases a different
custodian if directed by the client or that has been determined to be in the best interest of the
client) if not already done. Please note that not all advisers have this requirement.
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Special Considerations for ERISA Clients
A retirement or ERISA plan Client may direct all or part of portfolio transactions for its account
through a specific broker or dealer in order to obtain goods or services on behalf of the plan. Such
direction is permitted provided that the goods and services provided are reasonable expenses of
the plan incurred in the ordinary course of its business for which it otherwise would be obligated
and empowered to pay. ERISA prohibits directed brokerage arrangements when the goods or
services purchased are not for the exclusive benefit of the plan. Consequently, our firm will
request that plan sponsors who direct a plan brokerage provide us with a letter documenting that
this arrangement will be for the exclusive benefit of the plan.
Client-Directed Brokerage
Our firm allows Clients to direct brokerage outside our recommendation. Our firm may be unable
to achieve the most favorable execution of Client transactions. Client directed brokerage may cost
clients more money. For example, in a directed brokerage account, Clients may pay higher
brokerage commissions because our firm may not be able to aggregate orders to reduce
transaction costs, or Clients may receive less favorable prices.
Aggregation of Purchase or Sale
Our firm provides investment management services for various Clients. There are occasions on
which portfolio transactions may be executed as part of concurrent authorizations to purchase or sell
the same security for numerous accounts served by our firm, which involve accounts with similar
investment objectives. Although such concurrent authorizations potentially could be either
advantageous or disadvantageous to any one or more particular accounts, they are affected only
when our firm believes that to do so will be in the best interest of the effected accounts. When such
concurrent authorizations occur, the objective is to allocate the executions in a manner which is
deemed equitable to the accounts involved. In any given situation, our firm attempts to allocate trade
executions in the most equitable manner possible, taking into consideration Client objectives, current
asset allocation and availability of funds using price averaging, proration, and consistently non-
arbitrary methods of allocation.
Mutual Fund Share Classes
Mutual funds are sold with different share classes, which carry different cost structures. Each
available share class is described in the mutual fund's prospectus. When we purchase, or
recommend the purchase of, mutual funds for a Client, we select the share class that is deemed to
be in the Client's best interest, taking into consideration the availability of advisory, institutional, or
retirement plan share classes, initial and ongoing share class costs, transaction costs (if any), tax
implications, cost basis and other factors. We also review the mutual funds held in accounts that
come under our management to determine whether a more beneficial share class is available,
considering cost, tax implications, and the impact of contingent or deferred sales charges.
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans
Our management personnel or financial advisors review accounts on at least an annual basis for
our Portfolio Management Services Clients. The nature of these reviews is to determine whether
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Client accounts are in line with their investment objectives, appropriately positioned based on
market conditions, and investment policies, if applicable. Our firm may provide written reports to
Clients. Verbal reports to Clients take place on at least an annual basis.
Our firm may review Client accounts more frequently than described above. Among the factors
which may trigger an off-cycle review are major market or economic events, the Client’s life
events, requests by the Client, etc.
Financial Planning Clients do not receive reviews of their written plans unless they take action to
schedule a financial consultation with us. Our firm does not always provide ongoing services
to financial planning Clients, depending on the terms of engagement, but meet with such
Clients upon their request to discuss updates to their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc.
Financial Planning Clients may not receive written or verbal updated reports regarding their
financial plans unless they separately engage our firm for a post-financial plan meeting or
update to their initial written financial plan.
Retirement Plan Consulting Clients receive reviews of their retirement plans for the duration of
the service. Our firm also provides ongoing services where Clients are met with upon their
request to discuss updates to their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc. Retirement Plan
Consulting Clients do not receive written or verbal updated reports regarding their plans unless
they choose to engage our firm for ongoing services.
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation
Custodians in General
Dynasty may assist the Firm in negotiating or facilitating payments from Fidelity and Schwab
(“Custodians”) in the form of credits or monies to be applied toward qualifying third-party service
provider expenses incurred in relation to transition costs or the provision of core services. This
may include, but is not limited to, support of the firm’s research, marketing, technology, or software
platforms. The receipt of transition assistance creates a conflict of interest for our firm to
recommend Clients to use Custodians to custody their assets. In attempt to mitigate this conflict
of interest, our firm has evaluated both Custodians’ full suite of services and recommend the use
of the Custodians based on the overall value of such services.
Schwab
Our firm may receive economic benefits from Schwab in the form of the support products and
services made available to our firm and other independent investment advisors that have their
Clients maintain accounts at Schwab. These products and services, how they benefit our firm,
and the related conflicts of interest are described above (see Item 12 – Brokerage Practices). The
availability of Schwab’s products and services is not based on our firm giving particular investment
advice, such as buying particular securities for our Clients.
Dynasty Securities, LLC (“Dynasty Securities”), which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Dynasty
Financial Partners, LLC, and an affiliate of Dynasty Wealth Management, LLC (“Dynasty Wealth
Management”) (collectively “Dynasty”) has entered into a Marketing and Business Development
Agreement (“Agreement”) with Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) whereby Dynasty
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Securities and Schwab collaborate to identify financial advisor candidates that establish a
custodial relationship with Schwab and to use Dynasty’s integrated platform services. Dynasty
Securities receives payment from Schwab each quarter in connection with the Agreement. The
Agreement creates an incentive for Dynasty to encourage its network advisors to custody Clients’
assets with Schwab due to the economic benefit it may receive, which is a conflict of interest.
There may be other entities available to supply similar custody services at a lower fee. Financial
advisors joining the Dynasty Network of registered investment advisers are not required to select
Schwab as their custodian in order to receive services from Dynasty.
Referral Fees
Our firm may directly compensate non-employee (outside) consultants, individuals, and/or entities
(solicitors) for Client referrals. Our firm also may participate in Dynasty Connect, a referral
program offered through Dynasty Wealth Management, LLC, an affiliate of Dynasty Financial
Partners, LLC.
In order to receive a cash referral fee from us, promoters must comply with the requirements of
the jurisdictions in which they operate. If you become a Client, the promoter that referred you to
our firm will receive a percentage of the advisory fee you pay our firm for as long as you are our
Client, or until such time as our agreement with the promoter expires. You will not pay additional
fees because of this referral arrangement. Referral fees paid to a promoter are contingent upon
your entering into an advisory agreement with our firm. Therefore, a promoter has a financial
incentive to recommend our firm to you for advisory services. This creates a conflict of interest;
however, you are not obligated to retain our firm for advisory services. Comparable services
and/or lower fees may be available through other firms.
In rare cases, the Firm may receive compensation in connection with introducing clients, at their
request, to third parties for certain business services. These arrangements do not affect the
fiduciary duties of the Firm to its advisory clients. Any conflicts of interest will be disclosed, and no
advisory fees will be charged in relation to the referred transaction.
Product Sponsors
Our firm may occasionally sponsor events in conjunction with our product providers in an effort to
keep our Clients informed as to the services we offer and the various financial products we utilize.
These events are educational in nature and are not dependent upon the use of any specific product.
While a conflict of interest may exist because these events are at least partially funded by product
sponsors, all funds received from product sponsors are used for the education of our Clients. We
will always adhere to our fiduciary duty in recommending appropriate investments for our Clients.
Representatives of our firm will occasionally accept travel expense reimbursement provided by
product sponsors in order to attend their educational events. The reimbursement is not directly
dependent upon the recommendation of any specific product. Although we may be incentivized
to recommend products from product sponsors that reimburse our travel, our representatives will
always adhere to their fiduciary duty in recommending appropriate investments for our Clients.
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Item 15: Custody
Advisory Fee Deduction:
While our firm does not maintain physical custody of Client assets (which are maintained by a
qualified custodian, as discussed above), we are deemed to have custody of client funds and
securities because the Firm is given the ability to debit client accounts for payment of the Firm’s
fees. As such, client funds and securities are maintained at one or more Financial Institutions that
serve as the qualified custodian with respect to such assets. Such qualified custodians will send
account statements to clients at least once per calendar quarter that typically detail any
transactions in such account for the relevant period.
All of our Clients receive account statements directly from their qualified custodian(s) at least
quarterly upon opening of an account. We urge our Clients to carefully review these statements.
Additionally, if our firm decides to send its own account statements to Clients, such statements will
include a legend that recommends the Client compare the account statements received from the
qualified custodian with those received from our firm. Clients are encouraged to raise any
questions with us about the custody, safety or security of their assets and our custodial
recommendations.
action letter (“Letter”) with respect to Rule 206(4)
‐
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Third Party Money Movement:
On February 21, 2017, the SEC issued a no
2
(“Custody Rule”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). The letter provided
guidance on the Custody Rule as well as clarified that an adviser who has the power to disburse
Client funds to a third party under a standing letter of authorization (“SLOA”) is deemed to have
custody. As such, our firm has adopted the following safeguards in conjunction with our custodian:
• The Client provides an instruction to the qualified custodian, in writing, that includes the
client’s signature, the third party’s name, and either the third party’s address or the third
party’s account number at a custodian to which the transfer should be directed.
• The Client authorizes the investment adviser, in writing, either on the qualified custodian’s
form or separately, to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or
from time to time.
• The Client’s qualified custodian performs appropriate verification of the instruction, such
as a signature review or other method to verify the Client’s authorization, and provides a
transfer of funds notice to the Client promptly after each transfer.
• The Client has the ability to terminate or change the instruction to the Client’s qualified
custodian.
• The investment adviser has no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of
the third party, the address, or any other information about the third party contained in the
Client’s instruction.
• The investment adviser maintains records showing that the third party is not a related party
of the investment adviser or located at the same address as the investment adviser.
• The Client’s qualified custodian sends the Client, in writing, an initial notice confirming the
instruction and an annual notice reconfirming the instruction.
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Item 16: Investment Discretion
Clients have the option of providing our firm with investment discretion on their behalf, pursuant
to an executed investment advisory Client agreement. By granting investment discretion, our firm
is authorized to execute securities transactions, determine which securities are bought and sold,
and the total amount to be bought and sold. Should Clients grant our firm non-discretionary
authority, our firm would be required to obtain the Client’s permission prior to effecting securities
transactions. Limitations may be imposed by the Client in the form of specific constraints on any
of these areas of discretion with our firm’s written acknowledgement.
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
Our firm does not accept the proxy authority to vote Client securities. Clients will receive proxies
or other solicitations directly from their custodian or a transfer agent. In the event that proxies are
sent to our firm, our firm will forward them to the appropriate Client and ask the party who sent
them to mail them directly to the Client in the future. Clients may call, write, or email us to discuss
questions they may have about particular proxy votes or other solicitations.
Item 18: Financial Information
Our firm is not required to provide financial information in this Brochure because:
• Our firm does not require the prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees when services
cannot be rendered within 6 months.
• Our firm does not take custody of Client funds or securities.
• Our firm does not have a financial condition or commitment that impairs our ability to meet
contractual and fiduciary obligations to Clients.
• Our firm has never been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
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