RBC CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC

RBC Advisory Programs Form ADV, Part 2A Appendix 1, Wrap Fee Programs Brochure September 30, 2025 This wrap fee program brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of RBC Wealth Management (“RBC WM”), a division of RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“RBC CM”). If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at (800) 759-4029. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any state securities authority. Additional information about RBC CM and RBC WM is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Registration with the SEC does not imply a certain level of skill or training. The investment advisory services described in this brochure and offered through RBC WM are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) or any other government agency, are not a deposit or other obligation of, or guaranteed by, RBC WM, RBC CM, or any bank or bank affiliates, and are subject to investment risks, including possible loss of the principal amount invested. RBC Wealth Management 250 Nicollet Mall | Minneapolis, MN 55401-1931 (800) 759-4029 | www.rbcwealthmanagement.com PLEASE RETAIN A COPY OF THIS DOCUMENT FOR YOUR RECORDS Investment and insurance products offered through RBC Wealth Management are not insured by the FDIC or any other federal government agency, are not deposits or other obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank or any bank affiliate, and are subject to investment risks, including possible loss of the principal amount invested. © 2025 RBC Wealth Management, a division of RBC Capital Markets, LLC, registered investment adviser and Member NYSE/FINRA/SIPC. All rights reserved. 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25) HNW_NRG_B_Inset_NoMask_GS_Op2 ITEM 2: MATERIAL CHANGES This Form ADV Part 2A wrap fee programs disclosure brochure (the “Brochure“), dated September 30, 2025, contains the following material changes and other updates from the previously amended Brochure dated March 28, 2025. For more details on any specific update, please see the item in this Brochure referred to in the summary below. • Item 4, section titled “Securities Based Lending” has been updated to include RBC Bank, an affiliate of RBC WM, as a lender in the RBC Credit Access Line lending program and the conflicts of interest associated with this relationship. • In Item 4, section titled “Services Fees and Compensation” and Item 6, section titled “Risk of Loss” we added language regarding interval funds, including but not limited to, a definition of interval funds, Program eligibility criteria, and certain risks associated with investing in such funds. • Item 4, section titled “Cash Sweep Program Conflicts of Interest” we have revised our description of the conflicts associated with the Credit Interest Program. • Item 5, section titled “Account Requirements and Types of Clients” we have updated our disclosure regarding QPAM status for ERISA clients. In 2025, the Department of Labor granted RBC an exemption providing longer-term relief, which is effective from August 12, 2025 through March 4, 2030. • Item 9, section titled “Material Relationships with Related Persons” we describe the conflicts of interest that arise from multiple affiliated entities engaging in different business activities. • Item 9, section titled “Other Material Relationships” we have added new language pertaining to compensation and benefits provided by unit investment trust (“UIT”) issuers to RBC WM and its financial advisors, including, but not limited to, paying for RBC WM financial advisors to attend training and educational programs. • Item 9, section titled “Payment for Order Flow, Order Routing and Rebates” has been updated to include additional details on how we mitigate conflicts of interest when selecting option market centers for order routing. • Disclosures relating to alternative investments have been added and/or enhanced throughout the Brochure and include: — Item 4, section titled “Eligible Investments” has been updated with a new subsection titled “Alternative Investments” which describes the types of alternative investments offered in RBC Advisor and Portfolio Focus, Program and client eligibility criteria, and compensation RBC WM receives related to such investments. — Item 4, section titled “Calculation of Program Fees; Valuation of Account Assets” has been enhanced to include further detail on how RBC values and bills on alternative investments in Program accounts. — In Item 4, section titled “Additional Fees & Expenses” we have added clarity to the subsection titled “Alternative Investment Fees and Expenses” which details alternative investment manager fees and expenses paid by clients, and compensation RBC WM receives from alternative investment managers in connection with offering alternative investments to its clients. — Item 6, section titled “Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management” has been updated to disclose that certain funds and alternative investments in our Program may be subject to performance-based fees and/or expenses imposed by and paid to the fund manager or alternative investment manager. — Item 6, section titled “Risk of Loss” has been updated to include a new subsection titled “Risk Relating to Alternative Investments” which describes that alternative investments can be illiquid, volatile, speculative and not appropriate for all investors. In addition to the risks described in this Brochure, clients should carefully read the alternative investment offering documents prior to investing. • Item 9, the section titled “Disciplinary Information” has been updated with the following new disciplinary event: In June 2025, RBC CM entered into a settlement (the “Settlement”) with the Securities Division of the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts regarding allegations that RBC CM charged unreasonable commission for certain equity transactions, and did not reasonably supervise these transactions, in violation of § 204(a) (2)(J) of the Massachusetts Uniform Securities Act. RBC CM agreed to pay restitution in an amount no less than $113,295.06, plus 6% compounded interest, to affected Massachusetts customers. RBC CM also agreed to provide restitution, plus 6% compounded interest, to affected customers of other jurisdictions that agree to the terms of an agreement (“Term Sheet”) between RBC CM and a multi-state group, including Massachusetts, executed contemporaneously with the Settlement. RBC CM agreed to pay an administrative fine in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,095,000 to the jurisdictions agreeing to the terms of the Term Sheet, which includes $25,000 to be paid to Massachusetts. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 2 of 45 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  ITEM 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM 1: COVER PAGE .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 ITEM 2: MATERIAL CHANGES ................................................................................................................................................................. 2 ITEM 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 ITEM 4: SERVICES, FEES AND COMPENSATION ................................................................................................................................... 4 Services ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Advisory Programs .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 RBC Advisor Program ................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Portfolio Focus Program .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 RBC Unified Portfolio Program .................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Consulting Solutions Program ................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Managed Account Program ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Other Disclosures Relating to the Programs ............................................................................................................................................... 10 Other Services .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Funding Program Accounts ....................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Withdrawals from Program Accounts ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 Eligible Investments; Fund Share Class Selection .................................................................................................................................... 11 Cash Balances and the Cash Sweep Program ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Harvesting Gains or Losses ...................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Securities-Based Lending ......................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Fees and Compensation ................................................................................................................................................................................ 16 Fees .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Calculation of Program Fees; Valuation of Account Assets ....................................................................................................................... 18 Payment of Program Fee .......................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Offset of Certain Fees to Retirement Accounts ......................................................................................................................................... 19 Comparing Costs ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 20 Additional Fees and Expenses ...................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Compensation to Financial Advisors ........................................................................................................................................................... 23 ITEM 5: ACCOUNT REQUIREMENTS AND TYPES OF CLIENTS ........................................................................................................... 24 ITEM 6: PORTFOLIO MANAGER SELECTION AND EVALUATION ........................................................................................................ 25 Selection of Investment Managers and Model Providers ........................................................................................................................... 25 Monitoring and Review of Investment Managers and Model Providers ................................................................................................... 25 Removal of an Investment Manager, Model Provider, Fund or Financial Advisor ................................................................................... 26 Related Persons as Investment Manager, Model Provider, and/or Overlay Manager, and Associated Conflicts of Interest ............... 27 RBC WM and Financial Advisors Acting as Portfolio Managers ............................................................................................................... 28 Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management ....................................................................................................................... 29 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss .................................................................................................................. 29 Voting Client Securities (Proxy Voting) ...................................................................................................................................................... 32 ITEM 7: CLIENT INFORMATION PROVIDED TO PORTFOLIO MANAGERS .......................................................................................... 34 ITEM 8: CLIENT CONTACT WITH PORTFOLIO MANAGERS ................................................................................................................. 34 ITEM 9: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 34 Disciplinary Information ................................................................................................................................................................................ 34 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations .................................................................................................................................... 38 Broker-Dealer Registrations ...................................................................................................................................................................... 38 Futures/Commodities-Related Registrations ............................................................................................................................................. 38 Material Relationships with Related Persons ............................................................................................................................................ 38 Other Material Relationships ..................................................................................................................................................................... 39 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading .......................................................................... 41 Code of Ethics and Personal Trading ........................................................................................................................................................ 41 Participation or Interest in Client Transactions .......................................................................................................................................... 41 Review of Accounts ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 43 Client Referrals and Other Compensation ................................................................................................................................................... 44 Financial Information ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 44 RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 3 of 45 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  ITEM 4: SERVICES, FEES AND COMPENSATION RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“RBC CM”), an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of the Royal Bank of Canada (“RBC”), is a registered investment adviser and broker-dealer with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), and other major securities exchanges. RBC CM, through its RBC Wealth Management (“RBC WM,” the “Firm,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) division, offers clients (“you” or “your”) products and services in its capacity as investment adviser, including portfolio management, and as sponsor of various wrap fee advisory programs. For purposes of this brochure, “RBC CM” is intended to encompass RBC WM. This brochure provides information about RBC WM and the following advisory wrap fee programs it sponsors and offers to clients through its “Financial Advisors” (each, a “Financial Advisor”): RBC Advisor, Portfolio Focus, RBC Unified Portfolio (“RBC UP”), Consulting Solutions, and the Managed Account Program (“MAP”) (each, a “Program,” and collectively, the “Programs”). The investment advisory fee(s) you pay will vary depending on the Program you select. In this brochure, the term “Investment Manager” refers to a client’s discretionary investment adviser which for certain Programs may be RBC CM or its affiliates, including (but not limited to) RBC Global Asset Management (U.S.) Inc. (“RBC GAM-US”) and City National Rochdale, LLC (“CNR”), or in RBC UP , the “Overlay Manager” which is either RBC CM or Envestnet Asset Management, Inc. (“Envestnet”) as further described below. The term “Model Provider” refers to the non-discretionary investment advisers (affiliated and unaffiliated) that provide their model portfolio(s) (each, a “Model Portfolio”) for implementation in RBC UP. When used in this brochure, the term “Funds” includes open-end mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”), and interval funds (RBC Advisor only), unless otherwise specified. Interval funds are a type of closed-end mutual fund that does not trade on a secondary market. Rather, the fund only provides periodic offers to repurchase a limited number of shares. As a result, shareholders may not have access to the invested assets for extended periods of time. Refer to the Interval Fund Disclosure for more information. Information about other advisory and non-wrap fee programs sponsored by RBC WM, including Clearing and Custody Advisory Programs, Retirement Institutional Consulting, and Financial Planning, is contained in separate ADV brochures which are available upon request, from your Financial Advisor, or at the SEC’s website: www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. The Form ADV Part 2A brochure for each Investment Manager, Model Provider, and the third-party Overlay Manager available in applicable Programs is also available at the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. We provide services in the Programs in our capacity as a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”). As further discussed below in Items 4 and 5, to obtain services in any of the Programs, you will enter into a written agreement with us that expressly acknowledges our investment advisory relationship with you and describes our obligations to you under each of the Programs. This brochure describes the advisory services that we provide, the fees you will pay, our role and that of our advisory personnel, our other business activities and financial industry affiliations and the economic and other arrangements we have that create conflicts of interest. When you participate in any of the Programs, we are a fiduciary to you under the Advisers Act. As a fiduciary, we act in your best interest and seek to provide you access to material facts and information relating to the Programs and services including by providing this brochure, and material and other updates thereto, to meet our disclosure obligations. In addition, we reasonably expect to provide services as a “fiduciary” (as that term is defined in Section 3(21) (A) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and/or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”)), with respect to retirement accounts. For retirement accounts subject to ERISA that are discretionary accounts managed by us, we provide the relevant services as an “investment manager” (as that term is defined in Section 3(38) of ERISA). For purposes of this brochure, the term “Retirement Account” will be used to cover (i) “employee benefit plans” (as defined under Section 3(3) of ERISA), which include pension, defined contribution, profit-sharing and welfare plans sponsored by private employers, as well as similar arrangements sponsored by governmental or other public employers which are generally not subject to ERISA; and (ii) individual retirement accounts (each, an “IRA”) (as described in the Code). Please see the “Retirement Fiduciary Status Disclosure” on our public website at www.rbcwm. com/disclosures for more information. Assets Under Management As of June 30, 2025, we had $287,281,889,976 in assets under management, $216,033,225,323 of which was managed on a discretionary basis and $71,248,664,653 of which was managed on a non-discretionary basis. Services To open and enroll an account in any of the Programs described herein, clients are required to enter into a written investment advisory agreement with RBC WM known as the “Advisory Master Services Agreement.” RBC WM discontinued the use of its pre-existing “Single Program Agreement” for opening new Program accounts (but some existing Program accounts may have been opened using that Single Program Agreement). The Single Program Agreement and the Advisory Master Services Agreement shall be collectively referred to herein as the “Advisory Agreement.” As discussed in Item 5, the Advisory Agreement governs the terms of a client’s current and future investment advisory account(s) and relationships with RBC WM and outlines the services to be provided to the client’s account(s) in a Program. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 4 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  As part of the advisory account opening process, your Financial Advisor will require you to provide them with certain information, including but not limited to, your risk tolerance, investment objective(s), investment time horizon, and financial situation (when referred to collectively, the “Advisory Risk Profile”). It is each client’s responsibility to verify that the information they provide to RBC WM is, and continues to be, complete and accurate, and to notify their Financial Advisor promptly if any of their information or circumstances change. RBC WM tailors its investment advisory services to the individual needs of Program clients. Based on your Advisory Risk Profile and other information you provide to us during the account opening process, your Financial Advisor will recommend a Program that is suitable and appropriate for you. Not all Financial Advisors may offer all Programs, strategies, or level of services. If your Financial Advisor is not able to offer a particular Program, strategy, or level of service, you may be able to participate through another Financial Advisor. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, and as further discussed below, clients pay a quarterly, asset-based, wrap fee (the “Program Fee”) for investment advisory, brokerage execution, and other services rendered under a Program, to RBC WM, typically based on the value of your account regardless of the number of trades placed. In certain circumstances, RBC WM may require you to sign additional documentation relating to your Program Fee. The services generally covered by the Program Fee include the investment advisory and Program management services provided by RBC WM (and depending on the Program, investment advisory services provided by the Investment Manager, Model Provider, and/or Overlay Manager), as well as trade execution, clearing, custody, and other administrative and account reporting services provided by RBC WM. Where these services are provided by or through RBC WM, they are included in the Program Fee. Please see the detailed discussion of fees and other costs below under “Fees and Compensation” in Item 4. Certain clients may receive services from a specific team of Financial Advisors, who are collectively referred to as “RBC Advantage.” The RBC Advantage team provides the same level of fiduciary service described in this brochure, though in general, the team offers only those Programs in which RBC Advantage exercises non-discretionary authority. Reasonable Investment Restrictions For all Programs except RBC Advisor (a non-discretionary Program, described below), clients can request that certain reasonable investment restrictions be placed on the management of their Program account(s). Reasonable investment restrictions include restrictions on the purchase and/or sale of certain securities or categories of securities related to a financial sector or industry (e.g., fossil fuels, tobacco). Such restrictions are subject to acceptance by us and, where applicable, the Investment Manager(s) and/ or the Overlay Manager as reasonable, in each of their sole discretion. It should be noted that any reasonable investment restrictions will not apply to the underlying portfolio of any Fund, Alternative Investment, unit investment trust (“UIT”), the sub- accounts of annuities, or other similar securities that are held or purchased in a Program account. When an account terminates from a Program and reverts to a commission- based brokerage account, any previously accepted, client- imposed investment restrictions for that account will also terminate and will no longer be applicable to the account as a brokerage account is outside of the Programs. In MAP, clients are responsible for notifying the Investment Manager of any reasonable investment restrictions (and any changes thereto) they wish to impose on their accounts. Where reasonable investment restrictions have been accepted, they can be implemented in various ways, including, but not limited to, increasing the relative proportions of other securities in a portfolio to replace the restricted securities and/ or selecting alternate securities. Any investment restrictions clients impose on the management of their Program account(s) can limit our, the Investment Manager’s, and/or the Overlay Manager’s ability to make investments or take advantage of opportunities. The application of restrictions can cause an account to underperform or overperform relative to similarly invested accounts that have not elected restrictions. Clients are responsible for notifying us of any changes to their investment restrictions. If applicable, we will then notify the Overlay Manager or Investment Manager of any changes to the investment restrictions. Custody Generally, RBC WM will act as custodian for the assets and securities held in Program account(s). However, in specific circumstances, upon a client’s request and direction and with RBC WM’s consent, a client may arrange for the assets in their Program account to be custodied with certain affiliated or unaffiliated, third-party custodians provided they meet the definition of a “qualified custodian” under the Advisers Act (hereinafter, each a “Third-Party Custodian”). Any such arrangement is not included in the Program Fee paid to RBC WM and the client is responsible for payment of any separate fees and expenses associated with the use of a Third-Party Custodian as agreed upon by and between the client and any such Third-Party Custodian. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 5 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  Advisory Programs RBC Advisor Program RBC Advisor is a non-discretionary, investment advisory Program where you receive ongoing investment advice and recommendations from your Financial Advisor but retain final decision-making authority over the investing activity in your accounts. In RBC Advisor, your Financial Advisor will work with you to determine a suitable investment strategy that’s consistent with your Advisory Risk Profile. Your Financial Advisor will then recommend various investment products including equities, fixed income, Funds, and/or other eligible investments, in accordance with your investment strategy. However, since this Program is non-discretionary, your Financial Advisor will only effect transactions in your RBC Advisor account after receiving your approval. In identifying and selecting investments eligible for recommendation in RBC Advisor, we use various sources of information including, but not limited to, data provided by unaffiliated third parties, research materials, prospectuses, financial publications, and other public filings and reports. As further discussed below in “Eligible Investments; Fund Share Class Selection” in Item 4, while your Financial Advisor has no discretionary authority with respect to RBC Advisor accounts, if you have transferred in a Fund share class that is not eligible for the Program, RBC WM can convert the ineligible Fund share class to an eligible share class of the same Fund without notification to you. An RBC Advisor account is not intended for day trading or excessive trading, including trading in securities based on market timing, and accounts may be restricted or terminated at our discretion upon written notice to you. Further, it is important to note that while RBC WM generally permits clients to place unsolicited orders in RBC Advisor accounts, we have the right, in our sole discretion, to decline to accept or effect any unsolicited orders at any time. Portfolio Focus Program In the Portfolio Focus Program (“Portfolio Focus”), Financial Advisors approved to participate in the Program (“Portfolio Focus Managers”) as agents of RBC WM will provide you with investment advice and portfolio management services on a discretionary basis, in accordance with your Advisory Risk Profile and any other information you have provided to us for your Program account(s). Because Portfolio Focus accounts are advised and managed on a discretionary basis, your Financial Advisor will effect transactions in your Portfolio Focus account without your prior approval. To become an eligible Portfolio Focus Manager, Financial Advisor(s) must meet specific qualification criteria and complete mandatory training prior to being approved to manage accounts on a discretionary basis in Portfolio Focus. See Item 6, “Portfolio Manager Selection and Evaluation,” for further details on this approval process. While the majority of Financial Advisors approved for Portfolio Focus can invest across all investment types approved as eligible for this Program, in accordance with Portfolio Focus Program guidelines, there is a subset of Financial Advisors who have been approved as “Guided” Portfolio Focus Financial Advisors. “Guided” Portfolio Focus Financial Advisors are those who may not fully meet one or more criteria for eligibility but who are otherwise appropriately experienced and fully dedicated to discretionary portfolio management. Accordingly, “Guided” Portfolio Focus Financial Advisors are provided with and subject to parameters when selecting investment options in the Program. Based on your Advisory Risk Profile and any other information you have provided for your account (including any reasonable investment restrictions), your Financial Advisor will recommend an investment strategy that is suitable and appropriate for you. Then, your Financial Advisor will manage the assets in your Portfolio Focus account on a discretionary basis in accordance with such strategy, subject to RBC WM’s guidelines for Portfolio Focus. Investments generally eligible in Portfolio Focus can include (but are not limited to) equity securities (both foreign and domestic), bonds (both taxable and non-taxable), Funds, Alternative Investments (on a non-discretionary basis, as described below), and other wrap-eligible exchange-traded products (“ETPs”). To assist in the management of Portfolio Focus accounts, we provide Financial Advisors access to various sources of information including, but not limited to, data provided by RBC WM and/or unaffiliated third parties, research materials, financial publications, prospectuses, and other public filings and reports. We may also provide the Financial Advisors with various Model Portfolios which they can consider for discretionary management. Further, it is important to note that while RBC WM generally permits clients to place unsolicited orders in Portfolio Focus accounts, we have the right, in our sole discretion, to decline to accept or effect any unsolicited orders at any time. RBC Unified Portfolio Program The RBC UP Program is a “unified managed account” Program in which a single client account can invest in all or some of the following investment products (each, an “Investment Product”), which may or may not be affiliated with RBC WM: eligible Funds, closed end funds, and/or Model Portfolios managed and provided by Model Providers. The different Investment Products are held in “sleeves” (each, a “Sleeve”) in a single RBC UP account and managed on a discretionary basis by the “Overlay Manager.” RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 6 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  The Overlay Manager for an RBC UP account will either be RBC WM or Envestnet, a third-party portfolio manager that is not affiliated with RBC WM. In addition to providing discretionary account management, each Overlay Manager provides portfolio implementation, coordination, and other services as specified below. This discretionary authority includes the authority to implement any Model Portfolio(s) and/or other Investment Products you have selected for your RBC UP account, subject to any reasonable investment restrictions you have requested, and which have been accepted by RBC WM and the Overlay Manager. The Overlay Manager for your RBC UP account will be determined by the specific services you elect to receive in the Program. If you elect tax management services (“Tax Management”) and/or responsible investing screens services (“Screens”), each as further described below, your account will be managed by Envestnet as Overlay Manager. If you do not select Tax Management or Screens, your account will be managed by RBC WM as Overlay Manager. Recommendation of Investment Strategy Based on your Advisory Risk Profile and any reasonable investment restrictions established by you (and accepted by us and the Overlay Manager as reasonable), your Financial Advisor will recommend a suitable and appropriate investment strategy and target investment allocation for your RBC UP account. The recommended target investment allocation for your RBC UP account will ultimately be comprised of the specific Investment Product(s) that you select from those available in the Program and a target allocation to each such Investment Product. Once you have determined the target investment allocation and selected one or more Investment Product(s) for your RBC UP account, RBC WM will provide the Overlay Manager with such information, and the information you provided to RBC WM in order to open and enroll your account in the Program, including any reasonable investment restrictions you have requested be placed on your account. You may change the target investment allocation and/or Investment Products for your account by notifying, and discussing any such modifications with, your Financial Advisor, who will in turn notify the Overlay Manager of the change. RBC WM will send you written confirmation of such change. As further discussed below under “Eligible Investments; Fund Share Class Selection” in Item 4, if your target investment allocation includes a Fund share class we deem ineligible for the Program, we may update the allocation to include the eligible share class of the same Fund without notification to you. Financial Advisor Discretionary Authority If your Financial Advisor is approved for Portfolio Focus, you may grant your Financial Advisor certain limited discretionary authority in RBC UP which includes the authority to: (a) select or change Investment Product(s) for you, (b) select the rebalancing frequency (described below), and/or, (c) define and adjust your target investment allocation based on your Advisory Risk Profile. Conversely, no such discretionary authority can be granted by a client to any Financial Advisor who is not approved to exercise discretion over client accounts (i.e., as an approved Portfolio Focus Manager). Whereas you, or your Financial Advisor, are responsible for determining the target investment allocation for your account, the Overlay Manager exercises the day-to-day discretion over the account to execute the securities transactions required to conform your account to your strategy, as appropriate. Overlay Manager Discretionary Authority If you select one or more Model Portfolios, the Overlay Manager will manage your RBC UP account in accordance with such Model Portfolios, and any updates thereto, as provided and communicated by the respective Model Providers to the Overlay Manager. The Model Providers included in the Program meet the RBC WM’s eligibility requirements for participation as detailed below in Item 6: “Portfolio Manager Selection and Evaluation.” The Model Portfolios and changes to the Model Portfolios are typically implemented by the Overlay Manager as soon as practicable after they are received. However, while implementing the Model Portfolio, the Overlay Manager will take into account any reasonable investment restrictions as discussed above, or client elected services as discussed below. Additionally, reasonable delays may occur between the communication of Model Portfolio revisions and the execution of securities transactions for an account. Depending on the circumstances (including the extent to which Model Portfolios are widely distributed, the timing in which the Overlay Manager receives revisions to the Model Portfolios and acts on them, and the trading activity in the securities contained in the Model Portfolios), transactions in client accounts can be subject to significant market impact prior to execution. As a result, the implemented Model Portfolio can receive less favorable execution prices, particularly if the overall trading in the securities is large in relation to the securities’ trading volume. Rebalancing of Assets You, or your Financial Advisor if the Financial Advisor has been granted discretion, can choose between two rebalancing frequencies (quarterly or annually) to bring an account back to its target investment allocation. The Overlay Manager will rebalance the account either quarterly or annually, per your selection, executing the trades necessary to rebalance the account RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 7 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  as closely as practicable to your target investment allocation. The initial rebalance date will be based on the account start date. Additionally, your account may be rebalanced at any time when deemed appropriate by the Overlay Manager due to other factors that include, but are not limited to, contributions, withdrawals, and updates to a Model Portfolio. Any unscheduled rebalance of your account will reset the next rebalance date to the next quarter or a year, as applicable. If you have elected to receive Tax Management (described below), Envestnet will evaluate the trade-off between rebalancing the account and the tax consequences of any client limits. If your account is not tax-exempt, the sale, redemption, or exchange of investments may result in taxable gains or losses. We will not be liable for any tax consequences or Fund redemption fees (see the Fund’s prospectus) that result from rebalancing. Alternatively, you, or your Financial Advisor if the Financial Advisor has been granted discretion, may elect to not have the account rebalanced, in which case the account will only be rebalanced upon request. In addition, if the Overlay Manager deems a rebalance is necessary to implement the allocation and investments selected, the Overlay Manager may rebalance your account at its discretion. In general, any contributions or withdrawals of assets to or from your account will be applied to the target investment allocation. Tax Management Tax Management is available if you are utilizing an equity or Fund Model Portfolio, or any combination thereof. If you elect Tax Management, Envestnet will develop a tax strategy for your account based on the information and instructions, including any limits, provided by you to RBC WM (verbally or in writing) and RBC WM forwards to Envestnet. Tax Management offers potential benefits and limitations, as described below. The tax strategy Envestnet develops is provided solely in connection with your account. Neither Envestnet nor RBC WM provide tax advice or tax planning services of any kind; clients are urged to consult with their own personal tax advisors for advice specific to their situation. If you elect Tax Management, please consider the following: • Tax Management is limited in scope and is not designed to eliminate taxes in the account. Envestnet can, in light of other considerations in an account, effect transactions even though they may generate tax liabilities, including short-term taxable income, or exceed any of the limits or mandates identified by the client. Envestnet makes no guarantee that tax liability in the account will be reduced or that any indicated limits or mandates will be met. • The use of limits to restrict the amount of capital gains realized can severely restrict trading in the account and could result in substantial deviations from your investment allocation, on a more than temporary basis. Limits should only be imposed on the account after you have consulted with your own personal tax advisor. The limits specified will be used annually until you instruct us and Envestnet otherwise. If you elect Tax Management, your account can perform better or worse than similarly invested accounts (including, as applicable, accounts invested in the same Model Portfolio(s)) that did not elect Tax Management. • When providing Tax Management, net short-term capital gains are avoided where possible, but net long-term capital gains are not limited. • If your account is funded with positions that have long- term capital gains and you have not set a long-term capital gain limit, then all long-term tax lots of securities that are not included in your equity Model Portfolio(s) will be sold, which will cause you to incur long-term capital gains. • If Fund Model Portfolios, or Envestnet’s Quantitative Portfolios, are included in your target investment allocation, existing Fund positions held in your account may be able to be retained for tax reasons, regardless of whether they are part of such Fund Model Portfolios, or Envestnet Quantitative Portfolios. The Fund positions that are retained may have a higher cost. However, if you are not invested in Fund Model Portfolios, or Envestnet Quantitative Portfolios, any existing Fund positions held in your account that are not included in your target investment allocation will be sold upon account opening regardless of tax consequences. • You may cancel Tax Management at any time. Cancelling Tax Management may result in the recognition of significant taxable capital gains or losses. If you cancel Tax Management, but your account maintains or enrolls in Screens, Envestnet will continue to act as Overlay Manager. • Significant investment allocations to certain Fund Model Portfolios may result in less effective tax management. For example, Envestnet has less flexibility in managing a client’s tax strategy where a client is invested in a Fund Model Portfolio with frequent, tactical changes, thereby making it difficult to evaluate the portfolio’s tracking error. • Accounts that include Investment Products not eligible for Tax Management (e.g., Funds, closed-end funds and/or bond Model Portfolios) may still elect Tax Management, but Tax Management will not be applied to those Investment Products. Envestnet performs an automated year-end tax loss harvest review. For accounts with Tax Management that have net realized gains for the year, securities in equity Model Portfolios are reviewed for harvesting. Starting with the largest percentage loss tax lots that are available to sell (i.e., there is no wash sale or other sale restriction on the tax lot or RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 8 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  security), Envestnet will harvest losses until the account’s net realized gains are eliminated, or all available tax lots with losses greater than 10% are harvested. The sales proceeds are invested into other Model Portfolio holdings and/or cash. This review process typically occurs in early December and is intended to harvest losses while minimizing the impact to the integrity of the investment allocation. Envestnet’s ability to harvest losses is dependent on account circumstances and market environment, among other factors. If your account is enrolled in Tax Management, you may not separately request that Envestnet harvest gains or losses in your account. Except when Envestnet’s Quantitative Portfolios are included in your investment allocation, Envestnet will only seek to harvest losses from equity Model Portfolios and Fund Model Portfolios. Envestnet will not seek to harvest losses from Funds, closed-end funds, or bond Model Portfolios. When the equity Model Portfolios in a client’s target investment allocation are solely Envestnet’s Quantitative Portfolios, and they comprise at least 35% of the client’s total target investment allocation, the client can select Envestnet’s “Portfolio Diversification Solution,” an additional Tax Management service. Envestnet’s “Portfolio Diversification Solution” is a Tax Management service designed to transition a client’s current holdings to their target investment allocation over a longer period of time (subject to any maximum) than might otherwise be allowed based on Envestnet’s standard tracking error thresholds. For these purposes, tracking error measures the difference between the performance of Model Portfolios when used in accounts with Tax Management and when used in accounts without Tax Management. With Envestnet’s Portfolio Diversification Solution, there are no limits on initial tracking error provided that the selected tax budgets will allow full transition to the target investment allocation within the determined time period. Tracking error will be higher at the beginning of the transition and will decline over time as capital gains are realized and the client’s investments become increasingly more in line with the target investment allocation. You should consult your own personal tax advisor before enrolling in Tax Management and providing any tax information to RBC WM and Envestnet. For more information on Tax Management, please refer to Envestnet’s ADV which is available upon request or at the SEC’s website: www.adviserinfo.sec.gov/. Responsible Investing Screens Screens are available to you if you are utilizing an equity Model Portfolio. Clients may restrict their accounts from investing in certain securities or industries by selecting Screens services for their account(s). Envestnet relies on third-party data research providers for industry and socially responsible classifications of individual securities, and Envestnet and RBC WM make no guarantee as to the accuracy of such third parties’ classification. The third-party data research providers of these classifications apply different definitions and criteria from other similar providers, which can generate different responsible investing ratings that, when applied, could result in the restriction of different securities (i.e., there is no single industry definition or uniformly applied criteria that inform the Screens). If a third-party data research provider changes the classification of an individual security, Envestnet will make reasonable efforts to implement those changes in a timely manner. Envestnet may implement restrictions by, for example, increasing the relative proportions of other securities to replace the restricted securities and/or selecting alternate securities. Many of the Screens have both a “Best in Class” and “Strict” restriction. Best in Class restrictions are designed for investors seeking to achieve alignment between their values and the prudent management of their investments, while Strict restrictions are designed for investors who want to integrate more stringent environmental/social criteria into their investments by minimizing exposure to companies with specific products, services, and/or operations that do not meet the investor’s personal values criteria. Account holders with investment allocations that include equity Model Portfolios and other Investment Products may still elect Screens, but these services will only be applied to equity Model Portfolios and not to other Investment Products in a Program account. The application of Screens can cause an account to underperform or overperform when compared to similarly invested accounts that have not elected Screens services. In addition to the Screens discussed above, in certain circumstances, as directed by the client, Envestnet will facilitate the implementation of other responsible investing screening approaches in your account. If you, or we, elect other responsible investing screening approaches, your account will be managed by Envestnet as Overlay Manager. Consulting Solutions Program In the Consulting Solutions Program, your Financial Advisor will assist you in selecting one or more Investment Managers and one or more of their investment strategies (each an “Investment Strategy,” and collectively, “Investment Strategies”) from those RBC WM has made available in this Program. Upon consultation with you, your Financial Advisor will provide you with recommendations regarding Investment Managers and their Investment Strategy or Investment Strategies that they believe are suitable and consistent with your Advisory Risk Profile. The Investment Managers made available to clients through this Program include both affiliated and non-affiliated Investment Managers who meet the Firm’s eligibility requirements for participation as detailed below in Item 6: “Portfolio Manager Selection and Evaluation.” RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 9 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  In Consulting Solutions, you are responsible for the ultimate selection of the Investment Manager and Investment Strategy; neither RBC WM nor your Financial Advisor have discretionary authority with respect to the selection of your Investment Manager or Investment Strategy. The Investment Manager has discretionary authority over your account and will implement the investment decisions for your account in accordance with the Investment Strategy that you have selected, subject to any investment restrictions you have requested, and which has been accepted by RBC WM and the Investment Manager. In the Consulting Solutions Program, the Advisory Agreement that you sign is between you and RBC WM; you do not sign a separate agreement with the Investment Manager. Managed Account Program MAP is primarily designed to accommodate clients who wish to maintain a relationship with an Investment Manager and/or to invest in an Investment Strategy not otherwise available in Consulting Solutions or RBC UP (as applicable), and to receive certain brokerage and/or other services from us. From time to time, clients may elect to enroll in MAP to invest in an Investment Strategy available through Consulting Solutions or RBC UP. Such scenarios can arise where, for example, a client prefers to invest directly with an Investment Manager that we currently only make available as a Model Provider in RBC UP and not as an Investment Manager in Consulting Solutions, where a client’s particular situation necessitates certain customizations that cannot be accommodated in the other Programs, or where a client has negotiated a lower fee for the Investment Strategy than they would in the other Programs. In MAP, while we do confirm that a client’s selected Investment Manager is appropriately registered, we do not perform an in-depth evaluation of any Investment Manager or Investment Strategy. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, the Investment Managers and Investment Strategies clients select through this Program are not covered by the RBC Global Manager Research team (“GMR“) and thus not included in the initial and ongoing due diligence GMR conducts for Investment Managers and Investment Strategies in Consulting Solutions, and for Model Providers and Model Portfolios in RBC UP, as discussed in Item 6, “Portfolio Manager Selection and Evaluation.” In MAP, in consultation with your Financial Advisor, you select an Investment Manager (and one or more of their Investment Strategies) that you believe is appropriate and consistent with your Advisory Risk Profile, to manage your account(s) on a discretionary basis in accordance with the Investment Strategy you have selected. The decision to participate in MAP and the review and selection of the Investment Manager(s) is your responsibility, regardless of whether your relationship with an Investment Manager predates your relationship with RBC WM and/or your current Financial Advisor. You will instruct RBC WM to accept orders from your Investment Manager(s) for your MAP account(s). We will not have any discretionary authority over the assets in your MAP account. In addition to the Advisory Agreement between you and RBC WM, you will execute a separate investment advisory agreement directly with your selected Investment Manager(s). You are solely responsible for negotiating such agreement with the Investment Manager(s). RBC WM will not participate or advise you regarding the terms of such agreement, the advisability of entering into such agreement, or of continuing the retention of your Investment Manager(s). You are also responsible for payment of each Investment Manager’s fee, which is negotiated separately between you and the selected Investment Manager(s). We strongly encourage you to contact your Investment Manager(s) periodically to discuss your MAP account and its investment performance, discuss any investment restrictions you may wish to impose or modify on your account, request information regarding conflicts of interest between you and your Investment Manager(s), receive a current copy of your Investment Managers Form ADV filing and/or brochure for your review, and review your Investment Managers’ investment style and philosophy so you can determine the ongoing suitability and consistency of your Investment Manager(s) with you Advisory Risk Profile. Other Disclosures Relating to the Programs The following disclosures generally apply to all the Programs, unless noted otherwise. Other Services In limited circumstances, upon written agreement between you and RBC WM, and in some instances for a separate fee, RBC WM may provide one of more of the following non-discretionary services to certain Retirement Account clients in certain Programs: • assist in creating, monitoring and/or updating from time to time a client’s investment policy statement; • provide an asset allocation review designed to identify one or more investment portfolios based on information provided by client; • assist in evaluating and selecting other services providers including third-party administrators, trustees, and/or custodians; RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 10 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  • conduct group meetings with retirement plan participants to provide education about plan features, enrollment procedures and investment options; and/or • review the retirement plan design and make recommendations to improve plan efficiencies and reduce administrative costs. Funding Program Accounts You can fund your Program accounts at any time by depositing cash and/or securities acceptable to RBC WM (subject, for Retirement Accounts, to any limitations imposed under the retirement plan documents, ERISA, or the Code, as applicable). The investment of assets in a Program account will only occur when all operational requirements have been met. Deposits of cash and/or securities into Consulting Solutions, RBC UP, or MAP accounts will be invested by the Investment Manager or the Overlay Manager, as applicable, as soon as reasonably practicable. The management of a new Program account will begin after RBC WM has accepted the account into a Program and, as applicable, after the Investment Manager or Overlay Manager has accepted the account. At the time of Program enrollment, account acceptance could be delayed or rejected if the account is underfunded, funded with ineligible securities, and/or for other operational reasons. If you fund your Consulting Solutions, RBC UP, or MAP account with securities, the Investment Manager or Overlay Manager (which may be RBC WM), as applicable, will liquidate the securities on your behalf, or request that RBC WM liquidate the securities on your behalf, and allocate the proceeds in accordance with the Investment Strategy or Investment Products you have selected. Depending on the type of security involved, liquidation may result in redemption charges and taxable gains or losses. RBC WM will not be liable for any lost opportunity profits that may result in investing or liquidating deposits. Withdrawals from Program Accounts Withdrawals from a Program account will be taken from cash balances in your Cash Sweep Option or other available cash balances, if available. If the liquidation of securities is required, trades will be implemented as soon as practicable, although they may be delayed depending on market volatility and/or the Program or security types for which your account is invested. Frequent withdrawals from your Program account may affect the performance and the investment objective of your account. Taxable gains and losses may be realized as result of your withdrawal instructions. RBW WM reserves the right to terminate the Program account if a withdrawal or series of withdrawals results in the Program assets falling below the Program minimums. Eligible Investments; Fund Share Class Selection RBC WM may restrict the purchase or holding of certain investments in Program accounts. If a Program account is funded with investments deemed to be ineligible, we will generally liquidate such investments, move such investments to an eligible account as instructed by you, or in the case of Funds, convert such investments to an eligible share class of the same Fund without notice to you. Your account may incur certain transaction charges as a result. Funds In identifying and selecting Funds eligible in the Programs, we may use many sources of information and analysis about Funds, including data provided by third parties. We determine which Fund share classes are available in the Programs based on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, availability, eligibility requirements, and payment of Operational Support and/or Marketing Support to us (as described below in the “Fund Fees and Expenses” section). We do not always make the lowest cost share class available to you. Lower cost share classes may be available to you elsewhere, including, but not limited to, through other broker-dealers to which RBC WM provides clearing, custody, and execution services. Where RBC WM offers a lower cost share class than the designated eligible share class for the Programs, in certain circumstances, RBC WM may grant exceptions for clients to hold their existing share class and for institutional clients to purchase the lower cost share class option. Thus, a broad array of Funds is available in the Programs. In accordance with applicable regulations, we will make a Fund’s current prospectus accessible to you when you purchase shares of the Fund through us. If your account is not tax-exempt, the redemption or exchange of Fund shares can result in taxable gains or losses. RBC WM does not provide tax, legal or accounting advice and, therefore you should consult your own personal tax, legal or accounting advisors for such advice. We are not liable for any tax consequences or redemption fees that can result from rebalancing. For a discussion of fees and certain conflicts of interest associated with Fund share class selection, please see the section below titled, “Fund Fees and Expenses.” Annuities Eligible fee-based annuities generally include fixed-indexed, registered indexed-linked and variable annuity products that do not charge a commission but rather are sold through a fee-based advisory relationship (collectively, “Fee-Based Annuities”) from RBC WM-approved annuity carriers. RBC WM does not recommend or sell Fee-Based Annuities but in certain circumstances, upon written agreement with RBC WM, your Financial Advisor will provide you with non-discretionary advisory services with respect to an eligible Fee-Based Annuity, which will be subject to the Program Fee. The Program Fee is RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 11 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  in addition to any underlying annuity contract fees as outlined in the prospectus or statement of understanding. You will be required to designate an alternate account from which to deduct the Program Fee for your Fee-Based Annuity. We have certain standards for determining eligibility of Fee-Based Annuities and we consider and select only insurance carriers and products that meet our eligibility standards and requirements. In selecting eligible insurance carriers and products, we evaluate the experience, financial and organizational stability of the firm and product, among other factors. For information on the terms and conditions of a Fee-Based Annuity, including risks, charges, limitations, expenses and investment goals of underlying investment options, please consult the annuity product and underlying fund prospectus which can be obtained from your Financial Advisor or directly from the insurance carrier. Annuities not subject to a written agreement with RBC WM as described above may be linked to your Program account statement for informational purposes only. In such cases, these Fee-Based Annuities are not considered advisory assets covered under the Advisory Agreement and are not subject to the Program Fee. Alternative Investments Alternative investment (“Alternative Investment”) refers to an investment, as designated by us, with risk and return characteristics not generally correlated with traditional investments (i.e., equities, fixed income and cash), including but not limited to, hedge funds, managed future funds, non-traded REITS and non-traded business development companies, private equity funds, exchange funds, and 1031 exchange funds, and for which RBC WM has conducted due diligence and approved to make available to clients. Alternative Investments are sold by offering documents (e.g., private placement memorandum or prospectus; limited partnership agreement; and subscription agreement) prepared by the Alternative Investment manager. Alternative Investments are available in RBC Advisor and Portfolio Focus on a non-discretionary basis. Clients must authorize the commitment to, and purchase of, the Alternative Investment by executing a written agreement (e.g., subscription agreement) with the Alternative Investment manager. Additionally, Alternative Investments are only available to certain clients who meet applicable eligibility and suitability requirements. Alternative Investment managers engage and compensate various service providers related to operating the fund (e.g., fund administrator, custodian, lender, trading platform, etc.). RBC or an affiliate (e.g., CNB or RBC CM, etc.) may act as a service provider to an Alternative Investment. As a result, RBC or an affiliate may benefit when RBC US WM recommends the Alternative Investment to clients. Cash Balances and the Cash Sweep Program Events such as deposits, the sale of securities, and/or other similar activity can generate uninvested cash balances in your account. Pursuant to your brokerage account agreement with RBC WM (the “Client Account Agreement”), you have the option to have uninvested cash balances in your account(s) automatically deposited, on a daily basis, into an interest- bearing deposit account, a specified money market mutual fund, or a non-sweep cash investment alternative (each, a “Cash Sweep Option,” and collectively, the “Cash Sweep Options”). Upon notice to you, RBC WM may add, remove, or change the Cash Sweep Options available to you through the Cash Sweep Program (hereinafter, the “Cash Sweep Program”). As discussed below, the different available Cash Sweep Options are subject to eligibility requirements and restrictions. You should review your Client Account Agreement and related Cash Sweep disclosures for details regarding the Cash Sweep Options. For additional information and disclosures on the Cash Sweep Options discussed here, refer to the links under “Cash Management” on our public website at www.rbcwm.com/disclosures. The Cash Sweep Options available for selection by Program clients only apply to Program accounts for which we are the custodian; in other words, Program accounts, and the uninvested cash balances within those accounts, held with and utilizing the services of a Third-Party Custodian are not covered by the Cash Sweep Program. As such, clients utilizing a Third-Party Custodian are responsible for separately establishing appropriate sweep arrangements with that Third- Party Custodian. The Cash Sweep Options available to you will depend, in part, on the type of account you have opened. You should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the Cash Sweep Option(s) available to you before selecting that option. Please read any related disclosures, including prospectuses (as applicable), carefully before investing to make sure your selected Cash Sweep Option is appropriate for your goals and risk tolerance. Non-Retirement Accounts Cash held in non-retirement accounts will be swept into the Cash Sweep Option you choose. The available Cash Sweep Options for non-retirement accounts are: • RBC Insured Deposits. RBC Insured Deposits is a Cash Sweep Option that sweeps available cash balances in your Program account into interest-bearing deposit accounts (“Deposit Accounts”) established for you at participating depository institutions (“Program Banks”), whose deposits are insured by the FDIC up to applicable limits, subject to bank capacity. The Program Banks include unaffiliated, third-party banks and two affiliated banks, RBC Bank (Georgia), N.A. (“RBC Bank”) and City National Bank (“CNB”) (together, “RBC Affiliate Banks” or “Affiliate Banks”). Funds in RBC Insured Deposits are not subject to market risk and potential value loss, but they are subject to the risk of a Program RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 12 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  Bank’s failure. RBC WM is not an FDIC-insured depository institution and FDIC insurance only protects against the failure of a Program Bank. FDIC insurance available in RBC Insured Deposits is subject to certain conditions. A list of Program Banks is available at www.rbcwm.com/rbc-insured-deposits-program-banks. The RBC Insured Deposits terms and conditions are available at www.rbcwm.com/rbc-insured-deposits. More information regarding FDIC insurance is available at www.fdic.gov. • In the event a Program Bank fails, deposits at each Program Bank are eligible for FDIC coverage up to applicable limits. However, deposits at each Program Bank are not protected by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”) or any excess coverage purchased by RBC CM. Cash balances in RBC Insured Deposits in excess of applicable limits are swept into one or more other banks (“Excess Banks”), which will accept funds without limitation and without regard to the FDIC limit, and which may be RBC Affiliate Banks. Currently, the primary Excess Bank is CNB. • Credit Interest Program. The Credit Interest Program is a non-sweep cash alternative and represents our direct obligation to repay the invested amount, on demand, plus interest. We invest and use Credit Interest Program assets as free credit balances for our benefit, and we periodically adjust the interest rate payable on Credit Interest Program accounts. We use these funds in the ordinary course of our brokerage business, subject to the requirements of Rule 15c3- 3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The difference between amounts earned by us from our investments and the rate we pay to Credit Interest Program account holders is our profit. Cash invested in the Credit Interest Program is protected by SIPC up to $250,000 per account on claims for cash. SIPC protects against the custodial risk (and not a decline in market value) when a brokerage firm fails by replacing missing cash up to the $250,000 limit. Retirement Accounts Cash balances held in Retirement Accounts subject to ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code will bear a reasonable rate of interest as required under the prohibited transaction exemptions of ERISA and the Code that permit the investment of such Retirement Account assets in deposits of Affiliated Banks. • Non-ERISA Retirement Accounts. Cash held in Retirement Accounts, excluding Retirement Accounts subject to ERISA, will be swept into RBC Insured Deposits and will be deposited with our Affiliate Banks up to applicable limits, as discussed in the RBC Insured Deposits program terms and conditions. Such Retirement Accounts with cash balances in RBC Insured Deposits in excess of such applicable limits will be automatically invested in shares of an unaffiliated money market fund, the Federated Hermes Treasury Obligations Fund (the “Federated Money Market Fund”), unless you designate the Federated Money Market Fund as ineligible. You may access the most recent Federated Money Market Fund prospectus by contacting your Financial Advisor or by accessing Federated Investment Management Company’s website at www. federatedinvestors.com/products/mutual-funds/treasury-obligations/as.do. If you elect to designate the Federated Money Market Fund as ineligible to receive your excess funds, the available excess funds will be swept into a designated Excess Bank, which will accept funds without limitation and without regard to the FDIC insurance limit. Currently, the primary Excess Bank is CNB. • ERISA Retirement Accounts. Cash held in Retirement Accounts subject to ERISA will be swept into the Federated Money Market Fund. Money Market Funds The Federated Money Market Fund is offered in the Cash Sweep Program. Certain clients may have remaining balances in a money market fund we no longer offer as a Cash Sweep Option (as described below in the section titled “Material Relationships with Related Persons”). Money market funds will usually pay a higher rate of interest on cash balances than RBC Insured Deposits or the Credit Interest Program. Other financial institutions may offer cash sweep options that pay you a higher rate of interest than is available under the Cash Sweep Program. You can also receive higher rates on cash balances outside of the Cash Sweep Program by investing directly in money market funds or other cash alternatives; such investments must be directed by you, or your Financial Advisor acting on discretion, and will not be invested automatically. For more information about the Cash Sweep Options available to you, please refer to your Client Account Agreement, the “RBC Insured Deposits” disclosure pages which can be found at www.rbcwm.com/disclosures, and/or the prospectus of the Federated Money Market Fund. Interest Rates In RBC Insured Deposits, Program accounts receive a separate interest rate from brokerage accounts. The interest rates for RBC Insured Deposits balances are tiered based upon the total assets in all accounts in a client’s household (as defined in the Client Account Agreement), and including Program and brokerage accounts, as well as the value of balances held in RBC Insured Deposits across a client’s household. Current RBC Insured Deposits interest rates are set forth on our public website under “Program Interest Rates” at www.rbcwm.com/rbc-insured-deposits. Interest rates are variable and subject to change without notice. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 13 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  Cash Sweep Program Conflicts of Interest RBC WM has a conflict of interest in offering the Cash Sweep Options because RBC WM and/or its affiliates will receive compensation or benefits from cash balances swept to these Cash Sweep Options, in addition to the Program Fee assessed on Program accounts. This conflict of interest is greater when higher cash balances are maintained in your account. This creates an incentive for RBC WM to offer these Cash Sweep Options and to encourage deposits in these specific Cash Sweep Options. • RBC Affiliate Banks. Our Cash Sweep Options create a conflict of interest for us because we have an incentive for you to maintain and direct uninvested cash in your account into Deposit Accounts at our Affiliate Banks where they use such deposits to generate additional revenue. We also receive revenue for your cash deposits directed to our Affiliate Banks through our RBC Insured Deposits program. This creates an incentive for us to recommend cash balances that result in cash being swept into these programs. Because the amount of interest paid to clients in RBC Insured Deposits is deducted from the revenue shared with us by our Affiliate Banks, RBC WM has a conflict of interest in that the less interest we pay you, the more revenue we earn on those assets. By being designated as the Primary Excess Bank in RBC Insured Deposits, CNB will receive substantial additional deposits to use in its business to increase its profitability. CNB earns revenue on the difference between the interest paid and other costs it incurs on deposits, and the interest or other income it earns on using deposits for loans, investments, and the purchase of other assets. • RBC Insured Deposits. For RBC Insured Deposits cash balances placed with our Affiliate Banks, including amounts that exceed total FDIC program coverage and are placed at CNB in its capacity as the primary Excess Bank, our Affiliate Banks will receive a stable source of deposits at a cost that is less than other funding sources available. Our Affiliate Banks make a profit on the difference, or “spread,” between the interest paid and other costs they incur on deposits, and the interest or other income they earn using the deposits for loans, investments, and the purchase of other assets. Our Affiliate Banks can change the interest rate they pay on deposits at any time, which will change the amount of interest you receive. In addition, RBC WM receives compensation and benefits from these amounts in the form of a per account fee paid directly to RBC WM by the Affiliate Banks. Further, RBC WM receives internal accounting credits that help us meet our internal profitability goals as reported to our mutual parent company, which positively affect the amount of bonus paid to senior executives, including branch director personnel who supervise your accounts. The fees earned by RBC WM through RBC Insured Deposits are in addition to the Program Fee paid to RBC WM. We address these conflicts of interest through proper disclosure and by offering clients the ability to opt-out of having their Deposit Accounts maintained at Affiliate Banks in non-retirement accounts. For RBC Insured Deposits cash balances placed with third-party banks, these banks pay RBC WM a fee based on a percentage of assets placed with the third-party bank. RBC WM pays you interest out of the amount we receive from the third-party banks. The amount retained by RBC WM is larger than the amount we pay to you. The banks can change the interest rate they pay on deposits, and we can increase the amount of the fee we retain, both of which can change the amount of interest you receive. Because the amount of interest paid to clients is deducted from the revenue shared with us by the third-party banks, RBC WM has a conflict of interest in that the less interest we pay you, the more revenue we earn on those assets. • Credit Interest Program. For the Credit Interest Program, we invest and use cash balances as free credit balances for our benefit. We use the free credit balances in the ordinary course of our brokerage business, subject to the requirements of Rule 15c3-3 under the Exchange Act. Under these arrangements, we invest Credit Interest Program assets and generally earn interest or a return based on short- term market interest rates prevailing at the time. We periodically adjust the interest rate payable on Credit Interest Program accounts, and the spread between the interest earned by us from our investments and the rate paid to Credit Interest Program account holders will be favorable to us. Because we do not waive the Program Fee, to the extent that your cash balance is invested in the Credit Interest Program, we earn two levels of income on such investments. We address these conflicts of interest through proper disclosure and by making the Credit Interest Program unavailable to Retirement Account clients. • Money Market Funds. For amounts invested in an unaffiliated money market fund, the third-party money market fund pays RBC WM service fees in the form of a recordkeeping fee and a shareholder servicing fee. This provides us with an incentive to use third-party money market funds that pay us such fees instead of other funds that do not. These money market funds typically pay you a lower yield than money market funds that do not pay us recordkeeping or shareholder servicing fees. We address this conflict of interest by proper disclosure and by rebating or not charging omnibus, management and/or 12b-1 fees to Retirement Accounts. • The Program Fee. We charge the Program Fee on cash balances in your Program account(s) and we and/or our affiliates receive benefits from amounts invested in the Cash Sweep Options. This means that we and/or our affiliates earn two levels of fees on the same cash balances in your account. • Recurring Distributions. In non-retirement accounts, you may also elect to automatically distribute accrued dividends, interest, capital gains, and return on capital payments from your account on a recurring basis. RBC WM invests and uses such cash balances as free credit from the date of deposit until the funds are distributed from your account, which is a RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 14 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  benefit to us. You do not earn interest on free credit cash balances. Additional information regarding RBC WM’s use of free credit cash balances can be found in the Credit Interest Program section of the Client Account Agreement between you and RBC WM. Harvesting Gains or Losses Certain Investment Managers and/or Overlay Managers may be able to accommodate tax harvesting at your request and election. Except for RBC UP accounts enrolled in Tax Management provided by Envestnet, you can request that the Overlay Manager or Investment Manager for your applicable Program account(s) harvest gains or losses in your RBC UP, Consulting Solutions, or MAP account. To request harvesting of gains or losses for your account in any of these Programs, you can notify us, and we will in turn notify your Overlay Manager or Investment Manager. You must make such request each time, and for each account, that you desire gain or loss harvesting. Through our notification of your direction to the Overlay Manager or Investment Manager for your account, you are providing independent instructions to said Overlay Manager or Investment Manager to sell and to then either reinvest the loss sale proceeds in one or more replacement securities or retain the proceeds in cash. Gain sale proceeds will be reinvested in the account in accordance with the applicable asset allocation, as determined by the Overlay Manager or Investment Manager. You can typically request gain or loss harvesting (i) for specified securities, (ii) for specified tax lots, (iii) in a specified total amount, or (iv) in the maximum amount available, subject to each Investment Manager’s and Overlay Manager’s own policies and/or ability and willingness to accommodate such requests. It is important to note that the Investment Manager or the Overlay Manager may reject your request for tax harvesting in whole or in part, at its discretion. In addition, tax harvesting services may not be available for certain Investment Strategies, and the availability of tax-harvesting functionality may be limited due to technology-related and other factors. Please be aware that gain or loss harvesting is an intricate, nuanced strategy that may not be appropriate in all situations and may adversely impact investment performance. Neither RBC WM (including its affiliates) nor the Investment Managers or Overlay Managers provide any tax advice or make any guarantee that tax harvesting will be successful or produce any specific outcome. As such, you should consult your own independent tax, accounting and/or legal professionals before requesting gain or loss harvesting. In addition, when harvesting gains or losses, please keep the following in mind: • If a replacement security increases in value during any applicable wash sale period, such increase can result in a short- term capital gain to you when sold upon expiration of the applicable wash sale period. • There is no guarantee that harvesting requests received late in a calendar year will be completed before year-end. • There is no guarantee that harvesting will achieve any particular result. Tax management or “harvesting” is not tax advice and may not achieve the intended results. • If utilizing harvesting, your account holdings and performance can differ from other similarly invested accounts that do not utilize harvesting. • Harvesting requests only apply to the specific account for which the request is made. If you buy or sell securities in an account that overlaps with the securities sold in another account and such sale generates a loss, this loss may be disallowed under the IRS wash sale rules. • Withdrawing sale proceeds generated from harvesting will likely result in the rebalance of your account and the realization of additional capital gains or losses. Securities-Based Lending Clients have the opportunity to borrow money through lending programs, including RBC Express Credit (“Margin”) offered by RBC WM and RBC Credit Access Line (“CAL”) offered by Royal Bank of Canada and RBC Bank, bank affiliates of RBC WM (collectively referred to as “Lending Programs”), subject to eligibility requirements. In these Lending Programs, the client’s loan is secured by investments and other assets in their account(s) at RBC WM, including those held in Program accounts. Retirement Accounts, including those subject to Title I of ERISA and IRAs, are not eligible for participation in the Lending Programs. To participate in a Lending Program, you agree to maintain securities and/or other assets (“Collateral”) in your account that have a value at least equal to the amount required by its terms (“Maintenance Requirement”). Various factors may be considered in determining you Maintenance Requirement(s), including the value, liquidity and concentration of the Collateral. Not all securities are eligible to be used as Collateral. If the Collateral declines in value, certain actions may be taken to maintain the Maintenance Requirement, including selling securities or other assets in your account. Due to market volatility, debt you incur can exceed the value of the Collateral you deposit in your account. You will be required to deposit additional cash or securities, or pay down your loan, should the value of your Collateral decline below the percentage RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 15 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  equity you must maintain for your Maintenance Requirement, or should the percentage equity you must maintain for your Maintenance Requirement increase. Through the Lending Programs, RBC WM receives interest on loans it extends on Margin or through CAL. RBC WM is permitted to lend or utilize securities on Margin in its possession and may receive compensation in connection with the use of such securities. Additionally, Financial Advisors are compensated based on clients’ outstanding balances in the Lending Programs, which is calculated monthly, as further described below for each Lending Program. This compensation creates a conflict of interest because it incentivizes RBC WM and its Financial Advisors to recommend these Lending Programs to you as discussed in “Compensation to Financial Advisors,” in Item 4 below. RBC Express Credit (Margin) In this Lending Program, we charge you interest on credit extended to you for the purpose of purchasing, carrying, or trading in securities or commodities or otherwise using eligible securities in your accounts held with us as Collateral. Margin interest rates are determined using a base lending rate plus a sliding scale of percentages according to the size of your Margin debit balance. Your Financial Advisor is paid a portion of the interest you pay on your loan balance. The use of Margin in your Program account will impact the Program Fee you pay as further discussed in the section titled, “Calculation of Program Fees” in Item 4 below. RBC Credit Access Line (CAL) In this Lending Program, you have access to a securities-based line of credit through Royal Bank of Canada and RBC Bank. Interest rates can vary depending on factors such as your creditworthiness and the amount of credit for which you are eligible, as determined by Royal Bank of Canada and RBC Bank. Interest you pay on your CAL is paid to Royal Bank of Canada and/or RBC Bank. RBC WM also receives a portion of the interest and transactions fees earned by Royal Bank of Canada and/ or RBC Bank on your CAL. For more information about these Lending Programs, please refer to “Risks Related to Securities- Based Lending” in Item 6 below and the “RBC Credit Access Line”, “RBC Express Credit”, and “Schedule of Fees” disclosures available at www.rbcwm.com/disclosures. Fees and Compensation Fees In the Programs, you will pay the Program Fee, which is comprised of the RBC WM Advice Fee and, for certain Programs, the Investment Manager Fee, the Model Provider Fee, and/or the Overlay Manager Fee (each as defined and described below). • RBC WM Advice Fee. In all Programs, you will pay us an “RBC WM Advice Fee” which is an asset-based “wrap” fee for the services we and your Financial Advisors provide in the Programs. The RBC WM Advice Fee covers our investment advisory and management services, custody of account assets, trade execution, clearing and settlement (with or through RBC WM), account reporting and other administrative services, as well as compensation to Financial Advisors. Generally, the RBC WM Advice Fee is expressed as a schedule that applies different rates to specified asset levels, or breakpoints at which the percentage of the value of the managed assets paid goes down as the asset level increases. Your Financial Advisor may aggregate your account with related Program accounts for the purpose of providing a more favorable RBC WM Advice Fee rate for you based on the combined assets of the related accounts. Discounts, if any, are negotiated separately for each breakpoint. The maximum annual rate for the RBC WM Advice Fee is 2.50%. • Investment Manager Fee. In addition to the RBC WM Advice Fee, accounts in Consulting Solutions are charged a separate fee for the investment management services of any Investment Manager (the “Investment Manager Fee”). For accounts in MAP, the Program Fee does not include the Investment Manager Fee that you agree to pay any Investment Manager. • Overlay Manager Fee & Model Provider Fee. In addition to the RBC WM Advice Fee, accounts in RBC UP are charged a separate fee for the services of the Overlay Manager (the “Overlay Manager Fee”), and, as applicable, for the Model Portfolio(s) provided by any Model Provider(s) (the “Model Provider Fee”). These separate fees (i.e., the asset-based fee to RBC WM and the fee charged for any Investment Manager, Overlay Manager or Model Provider services) are referred to collectively as the “Program Fee” and will generally appear together as a single Program Fee on account statements and other communications. Because the Program Fee is assessed on the market value of assets in your account at the end of a quarter, the total amount of the Program Fee billed each quarter will generally change as Program assets increase or decrease in the Program account(s). The maximum annual rate for the total Program Fee is 3.0%. You will receive written confirmation of the Program Fee for your account upon enrollment in a Program, and each time you and your Financial Advisor agree to any RBC WM Advice Fee changes. In certain circumstances, RBC WM and/or your Financial Advisor may require you to sign additional documentation relating to the Program Fee (or a component thereof) for your account(s). RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 16 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  Information and ranges for Investment Manager Fees, Model Provider Fees, and Overlay Manager Fees are included below. These fee rates may increase or decrease from time to time which will impact the relevant fee component of your total Program Fee. If you change your Investment Manager, Model Provider, or Overlay Manager, the relevant components of your total Program Fee may increase or decrease based on the Investment Manager, Model Provider, or Overlay Manager selected by you. In such case, we will notify you in writing of any change to your Program Fee. Program Fee Components and Ranges by Program The Program Fee is established at the account level. The Program Fee components depend on the Program in which your account is enrolled, and therefore, the Program Fee can vary between Program accounts, as follows: • RBC Advisor and Portfolio Focus. The Program Fee consists solely of the RBC WM Advice Fee. • Consulting Solutions. The Program Fee consists of the RBC WM Advice Fee and the Investment Manager Fee. Investment Manager Fees range from an annual rate of 0.00% to 0.50% of Program account assets under management and vary by Investment Manager, Investment Strategy, and type of account. We pay a portion of the Investment Manager Fee to each Investment Manager, which typically ranges from 0.00% to 0.50% of Program account assets. Such amount is determined by the specific Investment Strategies of each Investment Manager currently available in the Program, the services provided by each Investment Manager, the total assets managed by each Investment Manager, and fee negotiations with the Investment Manager, as generally set forth in an agreement between RBC WM and each such Investment Manager. In some cases, fees we pay to Investment Managers may be lower than the amount of the Investment Manager Fee you pay us. Additionally, we negotiate fee schedules with some Investment Managers, which reduce the effective fee rate we pay to Investment Managers as the total amount of Program assets allocated to those Investment Managers increases. Any difference in Investment Manager Fees charged to clients and the percentage of such fees we ultimately pay to the Investment Managers are retained by us. Fees retained by us are not passed on to the Financial Advisors. The fee we pay Investment Managers may change from time to time without notice to you and such change may impact the total Program Fee we charge you. If we negotiate a lower Investment Manager Fee for the Investment Strategy of an Investment Manager in which your Program account is invested, we may similarly decrease the Investment Manager Fee you pay us as part of the Program Fee. If we renegotiate an existing Investment Manager’s current fee rate, we will notify affected clients of any increase to the Investment Manager Fee. • RBC UP. The Program Fee consists of the RBC WM Advice Fee, the Overlay Manager Fee and, as applicable, the Model Provider Fee. When RBC WM acts as Overlay Manager, the Overlay Manager Fee is 0.05% and is in addition to the RBC WM Advice Fee paid to us. When Envestnet acts as Overlay Manager, the Overlay Manager Fee is 0.10% and includes Envestnet’s Tax Management and/or Screens services, if selected. As noted above in Item 4, the Overlay Manager Fee will be assessed on all assets in the account, regardless of whether Tax Management and/or Screens are applied to all or some of those assets. When Envestnet is the Overlay Manager, we pay a portion of the Overlay Manager Fee to Envestnet that ranges from an annual rate of 0.00%-0.08% of account assets under management. We retain any difference between the Overlay Manager Fee of 0.10% that you pay and the portion of such fee we ultimately pay to Envestnet. The Model Provider Fee component of the Program Fee varies by Model Provider, Model Portfolio and type of account, and ranges from 0.00% to 0.65% annually of the market value of an account’s assets allocated to a Model Portfolio, generally as set forth in a fee schedule that is part of an agreement between RBC WM and each Model Provider. If more than one Model Portfolio is included in your RBC UP account, RBC WM employs a Sleeve-level billing methodology to calculate the amount of each Model Provider Fee. The amount will be determined by calculating the value invested in each Model Portfolio, or Sleeve, multiplied by the applicable Model Provider Fee for each Model Portfolio in your RBC UP account at the time of each billing event. We pay each Model Provider a portion of the Model Provider Fee you pay to us. Any difference in the Overlay Manager Fee and/or the Model Provider Fee paid by clients and the percentage of such fees that we ultimately pay to the Overlay Manager and/or the Model Provider are retained by us. Since we do not pay any part of the retained fees to Financial Advisors, they do not have a direct financial incentive to recommend one Overlay Manager and/or Model Provider over another in relation to the portion of fees we retain. • MAP. The Program Fee consists solely of the RBC WM Advice Fee. The Investment Manager Fee is negotiated separately between you and the Investment Manager and you are responsible for paying the Investment Manager Fee directly to the Investment Manager. Provided you have not instructed us otherwise, and in accordance with the Advisory Agreement, upon receipt of an official invoice from the Investment Manager(s), we will debit and pay the Investment Manager Fee specified on such invoice to the Investment Manager from your Program account. Any inaccuracy with respect to the amount of the Investment Manager Fee charged by an Investment Manager is solely your responsibility and not that of RBC WM. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 17 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  Fees are Negotiable In its discretion, subject to the maximum fee rates specified above, we may negotiate, reduce, rebate, or waive the RBC WM Advice Fee for any client. The RBC WM Advice Fee rate is determined between you and your Financial Advisor at time of Program enrollment and is negotiable based on various factors including type and size of the account and the range of services RBC WM provides. In addition to the negotiability of the RBC WM Advice Fee rate, in limited circumstances, as negotiated between you and your Financial Advisor, instead of the standard asset-based Program Fee, you may pay an RBC WM Advice Fee that consists of an annual fixed dollar amount. You will receive written confirmation of the Program Fee for your account upon enrollment in a Program, and each time you and your Financial Advisor agree to any change to the RBC WM Advice Fee. In certain circumstances, RBC WM may require you to sign additional documentation relating to the Program Fee (or a component thereof) for your account(s). Your Program Fee may be higher or lower than (i) the fees and commissions you would pay in a brokerage account; (ii) the fees we charge other clients depending on considerations such as the size of your account, the amount of time you have had an account with us, the combined value of related advisory accounts, the total amount of business you conduct through RBC WM, the types of securities and services provided, and other relevant criteria; and (iii) the cost of similar services offered through other financial institutions. Calculation of Program Fees; Valuation of Account Assets Typically, Program accounts are charged the Program Fee quarterly, in advance, based on the market value of the assets in a Program account, including securities, cash, money market funds, Cash Sweep Program balances, and/ or Credit Interest Program balances as of the last business day of the preceding calendar quarter. We include the full market value of assets purchased on Margin in the calculation of your Program Fee. We do not reduce the market value of your account by your margin debit balance. Securities traded on a national securities exchange will be valued at the last sale price on the exchange, or if there has been no sale that day, at the last known bid price within the past 45 days as provided by a third-party vendor. Securities that are traded over-the- counter and on a stock exchange will be valued according to the broadest and most representative market. Securities for which market quotations are not readily available will be valued at the known current bid price within the past 45 days as provided by a third-party pricing vendor and believed by us to most nearly represent current market value. Other securities and all other assets will be valued as determined by an independent third-party retained by us or, if not available from a third-party, by a statement of valuation provided by the issuer of the security which will remain unchanged until another statement of valuation is received. Valuation will be reviewed on no less than an annual basis. Where fair value cannot be determined for certain securities and assets, no Program Fee will be charged by RBC WM on those securities and assets. Assets Held with a Third-Party Custodian Where a client maintains the assets in their Program account with a Third-Party Custodian, we will calculate the Program Fee based on the market value of the assets and any other related information provided by such Third-Party Custodian, which may use a different method to value the securities in the account than we do. We will not be responsible for verifying the accuracy of information provided by such Third-Party Custodian regarding a client’s account or any losses or errors that result from that information. Funds To compute the value of assets held in a Program account custodied at RBC WM, we value Fund shares at their respective net asset values as reported on the valuation date by each Fund. Fee-Based Annuities RBC WM values Fee-Based Annuities based on the daily end-of-day contract values provided by annuity issuers. RBC WM provide no assurance that the end- of-day contract values provided to us by the annuity issuers are accurate and we do not verify the annuity contract values provided. Alternative Investments RBC does not conduct an independent valuation of any alternative investments you hold as positions in your account and RBC WM does not, and is under no obligation to, validate or warrant that any such valuation is accurate. RBC WM relies on the valuation information provided to us by the managers of the Alternative Investments or another service provider, as applicable, which, RBC generally receives in arrears of the Alternative Investment’s valuation date. Therefore, the valuation will not reflect the current net asset value of the Alternative Investment as of the date that the Program Fee is calculated for your Account. RBC WM will not retroactively adjust your Program Fees paid on such valuations. The total of all capital calls and subscription amounts sent from your account and related to such investments appear on your account statement as an escrow position until they are confirmed by the managers. Such escrow positions are excluded from the Program Fee. Any distributions subsequent to RBC WM’s receipt of the Alternative Investment’s valuation RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 18 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  information will not reduce the overall position until updated valuation information is received by RBC WM, but cash from such distributions in your account will be subject to the Program Fee. Dividends In non-retirement accounts, if you have elected to automatically distribute accrued dividends, interest, capital gains, and return on capital payments from your account on a recurring basis, the proceeds of these payments will not be assessed a Program Fee from the date the dividends, interest, capital gains, and return on capital payments is paid to the date of distribution. Deposits, Withdrawals and Changes Program Fees are prorated for any billing period that is less than a complete quarter. Unless otherwise agreed to in writing between you and RBC WM, deposits to or withdrawals from a Program account of cash and/or securities with a value equal to or greater than $10,000 will be billed at the applicable fee rate on a pro-rated basis. Increases or decreases of assets may be caused by deposits and/or withdrawals of cash and securities. Deposits and withdrawals on the same day will offset each other, and the net amount will be used to calculate on a daily basis an additional Program Fee or refund to your account. In each case, the additional Program Fee or refund will be calculated based on the applicable fee rate times the amount of the increase or decrease, pro-rated based on the number of days from the date of the triggering event to the last day of the calendar quarter. If there is any change in your Overlay Manager, Model Provider, Model Portfolios, Investment Manager, Investment Strategy or investment allocation in your account before the end of a quarter, we will use the market valuation from the date of the change to adjust only the portion(s) of the Program Fee (e.g., Overlay Manager Fee, Model Provider Fee, Investment Manager Fee) affected by such change on a pro-rated basis. At the time of such account change the market value of your account may be higher or lower than the market value of your account at the time your quarterly Program Fee was calculated. As a result, the prorated Model Provider Fee, Overlay Manager Fee, and/ or Investment Manager Fee portion of the Program Fee may be higher or lower than when originally calculated. RBC WM reserves the right to correct errors in calculations of Program Fees that were charged to you by debiting or crediting your account, as applicable, without prior notice to you. Additionally, RBC WM reserves the right to increase any components of the Program Fee upon thirty (30) days’ advance written notice to you. Fees Upon Termination You or RBC WM can terminate your Program account in accordance with the notice and other provisions contained in the Advisory Agreement. If a Program account is terminated prior to the last day of the quarter, we will refund to you the prorated portion of the Program Fee you paid, calculated based upon the days remaining in the quarter. The termination of a Program account will terminate the Advisory Agreement for that account which will revert to a brokerage account, subject to all standard fees and commissions, and we will no longer be acting as a fiduciary to you with respect to that account. Payment of Program Fee The Program Fee will be deducted on a quarterly basis directly from your Program account unless you affirmatively elect, verbally or in writing, to be billed directly, or to have the Program Fee deducted from another RBC WM account, provided that the account is not a custodial account (e.g., UGMA/UTMA account) or a Retirement Account, as permitted by applicable law. If you have elected to be invoiced for the Program Fee and the Program Fee is not paid within sixty (60) days of the date of the invoice, RBC WM will instead debit your applicable Program account for the invoiced amount of the Program Fee due. Offset of Certain Fees to Retirement Accounts With respect to Retirement Accounts (including IRAs and accounts subject to Title I of ERISA), if you hold RBC GAM-US Funds, including the RBC BlueBay Access Capital Community Investment Fund, or Funds subadvised by CNR, we will rebate the net management fee charged by the Fund company to you. For other affiliated Funds and/ or Funds sub-advised by an affiliate (RBC GAM-US or CNR), the RBC WM Advice Fee, and when RBC WM acts as Overlay Manager in RBC UP, the Overlay Manager Fee component of the Program Fee, will not be assessed on the value of these Funds in Retirement Accounts. Unless required by applicable law, the credit or offset does not apply to other Fund expenses such as transfer agency fees and shareholder servicing fees, or actual distribution, shareholder servicing and other fees paid to RBC WM and its affiliates. Additionally, RBC WM has a conflict of interest in offering and recommending proprietary and affiliated Funds in the Programs over non- proprietary and/or non-affiliated Funds because we and/or our affiliates receive the fees and expenses charged by such Funds rather than a non-affiliate. For more information see “Fees to RBC Affiliates” on our public website at www.rbcwm.com/disclosures. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 19 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  Comparing Costs Your total cost for the services provided through a Program, if purchased separately, could be more or less than the costs of the Programs through RBC WM. Cost and other factors to consider may include: your ability and the costs to obtain the desired investment advisory services and investment/portfolio management services, including access to Investment Managers and their Investment Strategies, Model Providers and their Model Portfolios, Overlay Managers, etc., where applicable, reporting services comparable to those provided through the Programs, custodial services, and trading and execution costs (including Fund sales loads and principal mark-ups and mark-downs) to you. When making cost comparisons, you should be aware that the combination of investment management, custodial, consulting, and brokerage services available through a Program may not be available separately or may require multiple accounts, documentation, and fees. In addition, certain Investment Managers, Overlay Managers, and/or Model Portfolios may not be available to clients outside of a Program either because of minimum account size requirements, fee schedules, geographic availability, or other factors. When assessing the overall cost of a Program, you should also consider that a Program account with low trading volumes, high cash balances, and/or significant fixed income positions could receive similar services at a lower cost in a brokerage account. If a Program account is actively traded through RBC WM, the Program Fee may be less expensive than separately paying investment management fees, consulting fees, and trading and execution costs. In addition, investments that have no upfront fees or commissions, such as no-load Funds and certain alternative investments and annuities, may be available to you outside of a Program account at no additional cost. As discussed below in Item 4 under “Fund Fees and Expenses,” fees charged in connection with certain investments in your Program account, such as management and other fees charged by Funds, are not included in the Program Fee and will result in higher total costs than if you invested in such securities outside of a Program account. Additional Fees and Expenses The Program Fee (including all components described above) does not cover or include any of the following additional fees and expenses, where applicable: • commissions, “mark-ups,” “mark-downs,” and dealer spreads, if any, (i) that RBC WM or its affiliates receive when acting as principal in certain transactions where permitted by law, rule, or regulation, or (ii) that other broker-dealers receive when acting as principal in certain transactions effected through RBC WM and/or its affiliates acting as agent, which is typically the case for dealer market transactions (e.g., fixed income, over-the- counter equity, and foreign exchange (“FX”) conversions in connection with purchases or sales of non-US dollar- denominated securities and with payments of principal and interest dividends on such securities); • underwriting commissions, investment banking, and other fees where RBC WM is a member of an underwriting syndicate; • certain other costs or charges that may be imposed by third parties (including, among other things, bid-ask spreads, odd- lot differentials, exchange fees, transfer taxes, foreign custody fees, supplemental transaction fees, regulatory fees and other fees or taxes that may be imposed by pursuant to law, rule, or regulation; • RBC WM’s usual and customary transaction charges on the liquidation of investments deemed ineligible for the Programs; • Fund fees and expenses as further described below under the “Fund Fees and Expenses” section; • Alternative Investment fees and expenses as further described below under the “Alternative Investment Fees and Expenses” section; • performance-based fees and/or expenses imposed by and paid to the fund manager or alternative investment manager as further described in the “Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management” section; • any contingent deferred sales charges or redemption charges assessed on the sale or liquidation of Fund shares (see Fund prospectus for details); • check reordering costs and fees; • RBC WM transaction and annual maintenance fees associated with alternative investments held in your Program account as an accommodation; • short-term trading charges for purchases and corresponding redemptions of certain Fund shares (see Fund prospectus for details) made within a short period of time; • costs and expenses of UITs (e.g., organization costs, operating expenses, portfolio supervision, bookkeeping, trustee, and other administrative fees, etc.); • fees and charges specific to Fee-Based Annuities and other annuities linked to your Program account, which may include but are not limited to, administrative and termination/distribution charges, mortality and expense risk charges, expenses for underlying investment options and optional rider/benefit fees; RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 20 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  • RBC Express Credit (margin) or RBC Credit Access Line (CAL) interest, or interest on other debit account balances; • safekeeping fees for physical securities; • American Depositary Receipt (“ADR”) pass-through fees; additional costs incurred when purchasing foreign securities that are assessed by the foreign exchange, including, but not limited to, exchange fees, taxes, conversion fees and currency translation costs. For example, when “ordinary shares” are purchased on a foreign exchange (which may charge a fee or tax on the trade) and are converted to ADRs, the depository bank may charge a fee to convert the ordinary shares to ADRs and in doing so, there may be currency translation costs associated with the conversion; • additional costs when investing in foreign securities and utilizing foreign tax relief and reclamation services; • fees charged by RBC WM related to reporting and filing unrelated business taxable income in Retirement Accounts; • costs of custody and execution services by any Third-Party Custodian; and, • any fees/expenses associated with RBC Insured Deposits. Fund Fees and Expenses Funds pay fees and expenses that are ultimately borne by clients (including, but not limited to, management fees, brokerage costs, administrative, and custody fees), as detailed in each Fund’s prospectus. Program clients who are holding or investing in Funds will pay two levels of investment advisory fees: 1) investment management fees charged by the Fund companies, and 2) Program Fees to RBC WM, the Investment Managers, the Model Providers, and/or the Overlay Manager. Some of the fees and expenses are paid to and, where permitted under applicable regulatory requirements, retained by us for advisory and/or other services. Funds eligible for the Programs will be subject to the Program Fee which could also subject you to a higher overall cost. Outside of the Cash Sweep Program, RBC WM may, without notice to you, convert Funds in your Program account to a lower cost share class of the same Fund offered by RBC WM or make changes to your investment model or allocation in the event a lower cost share class of the same Fund is or becomes available through RBC WM. However, if you purchased a Fund from RBC WM with an up-front sales charge, typically in a brokerage account outside of the Programs, and subsequently transfer such Fund shares into an advisory Program account, those Fund shares will not be subject to the Program Fee for two or more years from the date of initial purchase. Fund shares purchased at other financial institutions may be converted to the appropriate share class in a Program account and subject to the Program Fee immediately whether you paid an up-front sales charge or other compensation or not. RBC WM may also elect not to convert certain Fund shares if, for example, there is no equivalent share class available in the Programs, or such conversion could subject you to additional sales or other charges, or in certain other circumstances, as determined by us. Additionally, if you have a systematic buy or sell transaction established for a Fund that is ineligible for the Program selected, the transaction may be rejected resulting in your trade(s) not being fulfilled. Prior to enrolling in the Programs, you should review the costs and impact of converting your Fund share classes and discuss this with your Financial Advisor. If you do not want your Funds converted, or your investment model/allocation updated, you should discuss leaving those holdings in, or transferring those holdings to a brokerage account, subject to customary commissions and transaction charges, with your Financial Advisor. Under certain circumstances, your account may be invested in a Fund share class with a 12b-1 fee. This fee, which is also known as a distribution fee, is an operational expense used to pay for marketing and distribution expenses and is therefore included in the Fund’s expense ratio. 12b-1 fees are part of the overall Fund expense ratio, which is paid by you through deduction of assets in the Fund’s daily net asset value calculation. 12b-1 fees may vary by share class, with certain share classes having lower or no 12b-1 fees. Typically, the 12b-1 fee is paid to RBC WM (and a portion is shared with the Financial Advisor) as ongoing compensation for a period of time, as outlined in the applicable prospectus, creating an incentive for a Financial Advisor to recommend a Fund and a share class that pays a 12b-1 fee as opposed to a Fund or share class that does not. Excluding the Cash Sweep Program, RBC WM addresses this conflict of interest by (1) limiting offerings of share classes that pay a 12b-1 fee in the Programs, and (2) crediting any 12b-1 fees that we receive back to you. Funds and certain other investments will be accompanied by a prospectus or other offering document that contains important information about each such Fund, including investment objectives, risks, and applicable fees and expenses. Clients should read each Fund’s prospectus carefully and consider all the information in it before investing. If, and to the extent that your account is invested in a Fund managed by an affiliate of ours, you will indirectly pay two levels of advisory and other fees to us in connection with such balances (i.e., the investment management fees changed by the Fund companies, and the Program Fee). We address this conflict through disclosure and by subjecting the affiliated Funds to the same selection and evaluation standards as non-affiliated Funds. Further, in Retirement Accounts, if you hold RBC GAM-US Funds, including the RBC BlueBay Access Capital Community Investment Fund, or Funds subadvised by CNR, the management fee charged by the Fund company will be rebated to you. For other RBC WM affiliated Funds, including Funds RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 21 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  subadvised by RBC GAM-US or CNR, the RBC WM Advice Fee, and when RBC WM acts as the Overlay Manager in RBC UP, the Overlay Manager Fee component of the Program Fee, will not be assessed to the value of such Funds maintained in Retirement Accounts. Additional information regarding Funds, including information on investment policies, fees, and expenses, is set forth in each Fund’s current prospectus. You should read the Fund’s prospectus carefully prior to selecting a Fund in which to invest. Alternative Investment Fees and Expenses Investing in Alternative Investments is generally more expensive than certain other investment options offered in the Programs. In addition to RBC WM’s Program Fee, you pay the following Alternative Investment’s fees, as disclosed in the Alternative Investment’s offering documents: • management fees; • incentive fees, as applicable; • redemption and transfer charges, as applicable; and • other fees and expenses disclosed in the Alternative Investment’s offering documents. Under certain circumstances, Alternative Investments pay fees to RBC WM for the solicitation of and placement of client investments into the Alternative Investment (“Upfront Placement Fees”) and for ongoing shareholder and administrative servicing of Alternative Investments (“Annual Trailing Fees”). Upfront Placement Fees are paid to RBC WM as a percentage of the initial amount invested which reduces the amount of your initial investment while ongoing Annual Trailing Fees are paid to RBC WM out of the management fee the Alternative Investment charges you. Upfront Placement Fees and Annual Trailing Fees paid to RBC WM create an incentive for a Financial Advisor to recommend a certain Alternative Investment that pays these fees over an Alternative Investment that does not. RBC WM addresses this conflict by not accepting Upfront Placement Fees and Annual Trailing Fees for Program accounts or crediting to your account any Upfront Placement Fees and Annual Trailing Fees that we receive related to investments in the Programs. Trading Away and Associated Costs We generally anticipate most Investment Managers and the Overlay Managers will effect substantially all portfolio trades for Program accounts with or through us. This arrangement creates an incentive for us to recommend Investment Managers or Model Providers with lower portfolio turnover rates. As noted, in some circumstances and with some strategies, Investment Managers can be expected to trade away from RBC WM with other broker-dealers. RBC WM makes information on Consulting Solutions Investment Managers’ trading practices in this regard available via the “Investment Managers and Trading Practices” link at RBC WM’s legal disclosure website, www.rbcwm.com/disclosures. For accounts enrolled in MAP, since RBC WM does not monitor the Investment Managers clients elect to use in MAP, clients should contact any such Investment Manager directly for information on their trading practices and associated costs. If Investment Managers trade away from RBC WM with other broker-dealers, you should understand that commissions, mark- ups, spreads, and other transactional charges for such trades are charged to you by the executing broker-dealer (and passed along to you by RBC WM). Accordingly, the Program Fee you pay to RBC WM does not cover such costs charged by other broker-dealers; the Program Fee covers these costs only when the transactions are executed by RBC WM. The executing broker-dealers may net these commissions, mark-ups, spreads and other transactional charges into the overall purchase or sale price of the trades, and these commissions, mark-ups, spreads and other transactional charges are not delineated on your RBC WM trade confirmation, monthly transaction summary or statement. RBC WM does not restrict an Investment Manager’s ability to trade away, as the responsibility to determine the suitability of trading away from RBC WM and for best execution is that of the Investment Manager. RBC WM does not evaluate whether an Investment Manager is meeting its best execution obligations when trading away. You should understand that RBC WM is not a party to transactions that are not executed through or with us and therefore, we are not able to negotiate the price or transaction related charge(s) with the executing broker-dealer. While the costs associated with equity trades done away are typically in the form of commissions and other transactional charges that are disclosed and accessible to RBC WM, the additional costs associated with fixed income trades are not identified separately because they are incorporated into the net price of the trade. Additional information on trade away practices of Investment Managers in Consulting Solutions is available at: www.rbcwm.com/disclosures. Note, before selecting an Investment Manager for any Program described in this brochure, you should carefully review all material related to that Investment Manager, including any disclosure on whether the Investment Manager uses broker- dealers other than RBC CM to effect any trades and any additional trading costs (brokerage commissions or other charges) associated with executing trades with such other broker-dealers. You should consider this information, (i.e., an Investment Manager’s trading practices and any associated additional costs and expenses), when assessing the overall costs of a Program and a particular Investment Manager and/or Investment Strategy. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 22 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  Foreign Tax Relief and Reclamation Services For clients that invest in international securities, we utilize a third-party vendor that provides foreign tax relief and reclamation services on behalf of clients. For more information, please see “Foreign Tax Relief and Reclamation Overview” on our public website at www.rbcwm.com/ disclosures. Tax Considerations The payment of the Program Fee as described above may produce income tax results different from those resulting from the payment of brokerage commissions or other transactional charges on a per trade basis. If you are not a tax-exempt entity, the sale, redemption, or exchange of investments may result in taxable gains or losses. Further, it is your responsibility to ensure that the payment method selected, and subsequent treatment of the related expenses, complies with applicable tax laws and other regulations. In addition, careful consideration should be given prior to purchasing investments or selecting strategies that may utilize “tax-advantaged” investments in certain qualified accounts. This may result in no additional tax benefits at the expense of performance. Neither RBC WM, nor its affiliates or employees provide legal, accounting or tax advice. All legal, accounting or tax decisions regarding your accounts and any transactions or investments entered into in relation to such accounts, should be made in consultation with your independent advisors. No information, including but not limited to written materials, provided by RBC WM or its affiliates or employees should be construed as legal, accounting or tax advice. Compensation to Financial Advisors Advisory Fees If you invest in one of the Programs described in this brochure, we pay your Financial Advisor, on an ongoing basis, a portion of the RBC WM Advice Fee payable to us in connection with your Program account. The amount we allocate to your Financial Advisor in connection with an account enrolled in any of the Programs may be more than if you pay separately for investment advice, brokerage, and other services. Therefore, Financial Advisors may have a financial incentive to recommend an advisory Program account over a brokerage account. If you invest in one of the Programs, your Financial Advisor may charge less than the maximum RBC WM Advice Fee. Excluding the RBC Advantage team and its Financial Advisors who are compensated on a salary basis, all other RBC WM Financial Advisors with Advisory Program clients receive as compensation a percentage of the RBC WM Advice Fee such clients pay to us, and therefore those Financial Advisors have a financial incentive not to reduce the RBC WM Advice Fee because it would reduce the amount of compensation they receive. Similarly, Financial Advisors have an incentive to recommend lower cost Investment Strategies and/or Model Portfolios so that the Financial Advisor may charge the highest possible RBC WM Advice Fee, increasing their compensation. Financial Advisors also have an incentive to recommend the Portfolio Focus Program or the RBC Advisor Program, which do not charge an Investment Manager, Model Provider, or Overlay Manager Fee, so that the client is paying only the RBC WM Advice Fee, allowing the Financial Advisor to receive higher compensation. Financial Advisors are compensated based on the market value of billable assets in the account. In certain instances, your account may contain assets that are not included in the billable value of the account. Therefore, this is a conflict of interest as your Financial Advisors may have a financial incentive to sell these assets and purchase assets that would be included in the billable value of the account and directly impact compensation. Securities-Based Lending Through Lending Programs (i.e., RBC Express Credit or RBC Credit Access Line), RBC WM, and generally Financial Advisors receive additional compensation based on the amount of loan balance outstanding. This additional compensation presents a conflict of interest for us because it creates an incentive for us to recommend affiliated Lending Programs to you and/ or to recommend that you increase your monthly loan balance. We and your Financial Advisor are further incented to recommend the Lending Programs to you to the extent it encourages you to not liquidate certain securities and assets. This is a conflict of interest, as we and your Financial Advisor have a financial incentive to avoid recommending that you liquidate assets under management because the Program Fee is based on assets under management. These conflicts of interest are addressed by appropriate disclosure to clients and training for our Financial Advisors. Recruitment RBC WM offers recruiting packages to Financial Advisors joining from other firms. Under these packages, Financial Advisors are eligible for two types of promissory notes in designated amounts. The first note is issued to the Financial Advisor once his or her securities license is transferred to RBC WM. Depending upon the recruiting package, RBC WM will either forgive or collect the principal and interest amount of this note each month, so long as the Financial Advisor remains employed and in good standing for a predetermined period of time. Although there are no set production goals for the note to be forgiven, a Financial Advisor must maintain a certain production level to remain employed. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 23 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  The second type of note is issuable each year for a fixed number of years if the Financial Advisor meets specified production goals. After issue, depending upon the recruiting package, RBC WM either forgives or collects these loans each month so long as the Financial Advisor remains employed and in good standing for a predetermined period of time. Both loans create a conflict of interest because they provide incentives for our Financial Advisors to encourage you to effect more investment transactions, to invest more advisory assets, and/or to recommend products and services that generate more revenue for us. Rewards, Incentive Compensation and Bonuses Your Financial Advisor is eligible to qualify for both recognition programs and practice development and training programs. These rewards, such as trips to a specified destination, incentive compensation, such as deferred compensation, and bonuses are based on the amount of your Financial Advisor’s compensation, length of service, and the amount of compensation your Financial Advisor generates for us over time. Awards given in the form of deferred compensation have minimum vesting schedules and are subject to forfeiture under certain circumstances. The practice development and training programs provide the opportunity for a Financial Advisor to participate in a practice management, business development, and/or training program that may include travel to a specified destination. Each program allows the Financial Advisors to interact with both peers and industry experts and to exchange ideas on business practices and development. These rewards, incentive compensation, and bonuses create a conflict of interest because they provide an incentive for your Financial Advisor to encourage you to engage in more investment transactions so that they qualify for such rewards, incentive compensation, and bonuses. Branch Directors and Complex Directors, who may also be Financial Advisors, perform supervisory responsibilities over other RBC WM Financial Advisors for the branch or region in which they are located. We compensate these individuals for their supervisory activities through a base salary, but also pay a bonus to these individuals based on meeting certain internal benchmarks, which include revenue generated by the Financial Advisors in their branch or region. This is a conflict of interest as supervisors have an incentive to encourage the recommendations of products, services and investments that generate greater revenue for RBC WM to meet the revenue portion of the internal benchmark. We mitigate this conflict by not compensating our supervisors directly based on the recommendation of any specific products, services, or investments but instead on attainment of specific internal benchmarks, which include revenue goals. ITEM 5: ACCOUNT REQUIREMENTS AND TYPES OF CLIENTS To open an account in any of the Programs and receive the investment advisory and other related services described in this brochure, you must enter into the Advisory Agreement with RBC WM. The Advisory Agreement expressly acknowledges our investment advisory relationship with you and describes our obligations, services we will provide to you, and our specific authority under the Program(s) in which you are opening and enrolling one or more Program account(s). The Advisory Agreement governs the terms of your existing and future Program accounts and relationships with RBC WM. Each of the Programs generally require a certain minimum amount of assets to open an account in that Program. However, RBC WM has the discretion to accept accounts below the Program minimums. Under certain circumstances, account minimums may be higher based on factors that include, but are not limited to, the services we provide, or the Investment Strategy selected by a client and employed by the Investment Manager. RBC WM reserves the right to terminate a Program account if the account assets fall below the Program minimums set forth below. • RBC Advisor: $25,000. • Portfolio Focus: $25,000. • RBC UP: Depending on services and Investment Products selected, minimums will be applied and range between $2,500- $200,000. • Consulting Solutions: $100,000-$600,000 for equity strategies; $100,000-$300,000 for fixed income strategies, subject to minimum account requirements imposed by the applicable Investment Manager. • MAP: $100,000 or the Investment Managers’ minimum, whichever is greater. RBC WM provides investment advisory services to individuals, foundations, endowments, employee benefit plans, trusts, estates, educational institutions, corporations, businesses, government entities and other entities. The Programs are generally available for both non-retirement and Retirement Accounts, including IRAs. When providing services to clients who are subject to ERISA, we may rely on various Prohibited Transaction Exemptions (“PTEs”) available under ERISA, including PTE 84-14, which is only available to qualified professional asset managers (the “QPAM Exemption”). On March 5, 2024, the French Court of Appeal rendered a judgment of conviction (the “Conviction”) against Royal Bank of Canada Trust Company (Bahamas) Limited (“RBCTC Bahamas”), an affiliate of RBC CM, and other parties regarding a charge of complicity in estate tax fraud relating to actions taken relating to a trust for which RBCTC Bahamas serves as trustee. In 2016, RBC was granted an exemption by the U.S. Department of Labor that allowed RBC and RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 24 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  its current and future affiliates to continue to qualify for the QPAM Exemption under ERISA despite the conviction of RBCTC Bahamas in the French proceeding for a temporary one-year period from the date of conviction. In 2025, the Department of Labor granted RBC an exemption providing longer-term relief, which is effective from August 12, 2025, through March 4, 2030. ITEM 6: PORTFOLIO MANAGER SELECTION AND EVALUATION Selection of Investment Managers and Model Providers We have certain standards of eligibility for Investment Managers, Model Providers and Overlay Managers in the Consulting Solutions and RBC UP Programs. In RBC UP and Consulting Solutions we consider and select only Investment Managers and Model Providers that meet our eligibility requirements. In identifying and choosing Investment Managers and Model Providers, we evaluate the financial and organizational stability of the firm and product, historical performance results, experience, and other factors. Based on the evaluation, Investment Managers and Model Providers are categorized by their respective investment styles. Each Investment Strategy added to the RBC UP and/or Consulting Solutions Programs are further categorized by the level of conviction RBC WM has in the Investment Manager and/or Model Provider and their respective Investment Strategy. Information we gather regarding Investment Managers and Model Providers is believed to be reliable and accurate, but we do not independently verify it. We conduct periodic reviews of Envestnet and our own Overlay Manager function to evaluate adherence to Model Portfolios and investment allocations selected by you. In Portfolio Focus, generally, Financial Advisors who become officially approved to participate in Portfolio Focus have met standards of education, industry experience, investment management experience and compliance. Applications to participate in Portfolio Focus are reviewed by field supervisors, divisional management, compliance, and Advisory Programs management. Advisory Programs management admits qualified Financial Advisors into Portfolio Focus after a thorough review. As described above in Item 4, you will establish an Advisory Risk Profile for your Program account. For Programs in which you select an Investment Manager(s) or Model Provider(s), your Financial Advisor will consult with you regarding investment alternatives consistent with your Advisory Risk Profile. You then select one or more Investment Managers. In RBC UP you, or your Financial Advisor acting on discretion, will select one or more Model Providers. When required to do so by law or as otherwise agreed to with the Investment Manager, we will provide you with a copy of each Investment Manager’s and/or the Overlay Manager’s written disclosure statement (Part 2A of its Form ADV or other comparable document) at the time of Program enrollment. Monitoring and Review of Investment Managers and Model Providers On a quarterly basis, we monitor and review the Model Providers we make available in RBC UP and the Investment Managers we make available in Consulting Solutions in order to determine whether they continue to meet the standards and requirements of RBC WM. The evaluation may involve, among other things, investment discipline and trends in investment philosophies. Comparisons are made to other accounts and to standard industry market statistics. The level of review applied by GMR to each Investment Strategy depends on RBC WM’s conviction in the Investment Manager and Model Provider and their Investment Strategy. For the highest conviction Investment Strategies, this review is based on both the investment style descriptions offered by the Investment Managers and Model Providers (qualitative factors) and analysis performed by GMR (quantitative factors). GMR’s ratings and opinions for the highest convictions strategies are available to Financial Advisors. These ratings and opinions are updated annually or more frequently, as needed. Investment Strategies not deemed highest conviction are reviewed quarterly based primarily on quantitative factors. A quantitative score (“Score”) is assigned to each Investment Strategy based on multiple factors related to the firm and product, investment professionals, investment approach and performance and weights assigned to the individual factors selected. Investment Strategies not deemed highest conviction must meet these predefined Scores to be added and maintained in RBC UP and Consulting Solutions. If a Score cannot be calculated, the same factors are reviewed manually, instead of systematically, until a Score can be calculated. For cases where a Score is not able to be produced, GMR will continue to qualitatively monitor the Investment Strategies and provide annual updates as needed to the RBC WM Managed Account Investment Committee. Scores are not assigned to the RBC WM Portfolio Advisory Group (“PAG”) Model Portfolios. The PAG Model Portfolios are reviewed quarterly by an internal oversight committee. This committee, which is led by GMR, reviews each PAG Model Portfolio to determine if it continues to align with its stated investment objective. Through our monitoring process, the level of conviction in an Investment Strategy may change and therefore the level of review applied to each Investment Strategy may change from time to time. If you would like information regarding RBC WM’s conviction in an Investment Strategy you are considering or are already invested in, please contact your Financial Advisor. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 25 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  The level of conviction in an Investment Strategy is not indicative of the quality of the Investment Strategy nor is it a basis for how the Program Fee is determined. Watch List As part of our Investment Manager/Model Provider monitoring process, RBC WM maintains a watch list of Investment Managers and Model Providers for which there may be developments of potential concern. Such developments may include the Investment Managers’ or Model Providers’ adherence to management style, consistency with client objectives, unexplained poor performance, or other matters that come to our attention. The watch list provides us with the means to review and communicate developments related to Investment Managers and Model Providers in RBC UP and Consulting Solutions. Placement of Investment Managers and Model Providers on the watch list initiates a probationary period that allows us adequate time to better assess the effects — negative or positive — stemming from the developments in question. Performance • Investment Manager and Model Provider. For all third-party and affiliated Investment Strategies available in Consulting Solutions and RBC UP, we make product profiles available to Financial Advisors to provide to you. These product profiles include the Investment Manager’s or Model Provider’s reported performance and generally present 10 years of an Investment Strategy’s performance history. We may provide you with information to allow you to compare this Investment Manager or Model Provider performance data with your account and/or Sleeve performance. • Fund Performance. We utilize the Fund’s published performance for review purposes. • Portfolio Advisory Group (PAG). We create performance composites for each PAG Model Portfolio. These composites are comprised of the RBC UP Sleeves invested in each Model Portfolio. We make product profiles for each PAG Model Portfolio available to Financial Advisors to provide to you. These product profiles include our calculated composite performance. We may provide you with information to allow you to compare this PAG performance data with your account and/or Sleeve performance. • MAP Investment Managers. In MAP, we may provide you with information to allow you to compare the Investment Manager’s overall performance data with industry market statistics or data the Investment Manager reports to consulting and database services. You are responsible for reviewing the information provided and assessing any MAP Investment Manager’s overall performance. We do not provide this review or subject these Investment Strategies to the monitoring and review process described above. • Portfolio Focus Managers. In Portfolio Focus, Financial Advisor strategies are monitored by Complex Management and Product Surveillance on a continuous basis to ensure adherence to Program guidelines. Surveillance of Program accounts include many metrics, including daily trade monitoring and weekly monitoring of Program investment management guidelines. Additionally, on an annual basis, Financial Advisors are required to recertify for participation in the Program. Based on the outcome of the review, the Financial Advisor will either be recertified for continuance in the Program or can be removed from the Program as further discussed below in “Removal of an Investment Manager or Model Provider,” in Item 6. Generally, the investment performance of a Financial Advisor’s strategies in Portfolio Focus is not calculated. However, under certain circumstances, select Portfolio Focus Financial Advisors managing a specific strategy are able to use composite performance reports for that strategy with clients and prospective clients. This requires approval from the Financial Advisor’s field supervisors, divisional management, compliance, and Program management. We require the Financial Advisor to provide a description for each strategy employed in Portfolio Focus and accounts must be managed to the described strategy unless the account meets certain strategy exclusion requirements. We have employed policies and procedures for Financial Advisors and the composite construction and performance calculation methodology. A third- party vendor has been engaged to examine the performance presentation of the composite. Removal of an Investment Manager, Model Provider, Fund or Financial Advisor Upon written notice to affected clients, we may remove a Model Provider from RBC UP or an Investment Manager from Consulting Solutions if our rating and opinion of the Investment Manager or Model Provider is materially changed. This is most commonly a result of fundamental developments that are determined to be detrimental to the potential longer-term success of the Model Provider, Investment Manager, or underlying investment strategy (e.g., departure of key personnel, performance, etc.). In the event RBC WM removes an Investment Manager from the Consulting Solutions Program, and you do not reallocate applicable account assets prior to the termination of the Investment Manager, we may terminate your Program account. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 26 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  In RBC UP, when RBC WM removes a Model Provider selected by you, if you do not select a new Model Provider before the removal date, we will move your assets to an available Model Portfolio of another Model Provider which we deem, in our sole discretion, to be consistent with the Model Portfolio/Model Provider that is no longer available. If an appropriate Model Portfolio is not available, we will move your assets to an appropriate Fund. In RBC UP, we will provide information to your Financial Advisor regarding a Fund that is no longer eligible for the Program. Your Financial Advisor will work with you to select a suitable replacement investment, or the Financial Advisor will select a replacement for you if you have granted your Financial Advisor discretion. In RBC UP, we may change the Overlay Managers upon advance written notice to the affected clients. If you have granted your Financial Advisor discretion in RBC UP or Portfolio Focus and we determine that for any reason your Financial Advisor is no longer able/available to provide discretionary services to you, your account will be reassigned to another qualified Financial Advisor who is approved in the same capacity as your previous Financial Advisor. If your account is reassigned to RBC Advantage, discretion that was previously granted will be removed. Related Persons as Investment Manager, Model Provider, and/or Overlay Manager, and Associated Conflicts of Interest If you invest in certain Programs described in this brochure, your account may be managed by an Investment Manager who is an affiliate of ours (also referred to as a related person), or who is a client of an affiliate of ours. In addition, we or our affiliates (or clients of our affiliates) may act as Model Providers. Related persons or their clients acting as Investment Managers or Model Providers are subject to the same eligibility, review, and removal procedures as non- affiliated Investment Managers and Model Providers, as described above. When related persons or their clients act as Investment Managers or Model Providers for Program clients, certain conflicts of interest exist (see Item 9, “Material Relationships with Related Persons,” for more information on conflicts of interest). In some cases, the same Investment Strategies are available in both Consulting Solutions and RBC UP. However, the fees associated with these Investment Strategies may differ, depending on the Program. Generally, the fee rates for Investment Strategies available in both Consulting Solutions and RBC UP are lower in RBC UP than Consulting Solutions due to the services provided in each Program. Consulting Solutions client accounts are separately managed to an Investment Strategy by one or more professional Investment Managers participating in the Program (i.e., the Investment Manager trades in client accounts on a discretionary basis). Alternatively, RBC UP client accounts are professionally managed by us or Envestnet as Overlay Manager, in accordance with Model Portfolios provided by Model Providers or us (i.e., the Overlay Manager trades in client accounts on a discretionary basis to implement Model Portfolios of Model Providers, who do not act with discretion). RBC UP accounts may include allocations to the same Investment Strategies available in Consulting Solutions. When we act as Overlay Manager, we retain 0.05% of the Program Fee which gives us an incentive to promote RBC UP over Consulting Solutions. Any difference in fees paid by you and fees we pay to Investment Managers, Model Providers or the Overlay Managers are either paid by us or retained by us. When fees are retained by us, we do not pay any part of the retained fees to Financial Advisors. Therefore, Financial Advisors do not have a direct financial incentive to recommend using Investment Strategies in one Program over the other. However, in Consulting Solutions, RBC WM does, in certain instances, retain a larger portion of the Investment Manager Fee we pay to Investment Managers than the portion of the Model Provider Fee or the Overlay Manager Fee that we pay to Model Providers and Overlay Managers. RBC Affiliate Banks will receive additional economic benefits, in addition to the Program Fee, from cash swept into RBC Insured Deposits. This conflict of interest is greater when higher cash balances are maintained in your account. At times, however, we and/ or the Investment Manager(s) or Model Provider(s) may believe it is in your best interest to maintain assets in cash, particularly for defensive purposes in volatile markets. We address these conflicts of interest through proper disclosure and by also offering in RBC Insured Deposits the ability to opt-out of having your deposits maintained at Affiliate Banks for non-retirement accounts. Additionally, our Cash Sweep Program creates a conflict of interest for us because we have an incentive for you to maintain and direct otherwise uninvested cash in your account to deposits of our Affiliate Banks, where they can use such deposits to generate additional revenue. We also receive revenue for your cash deposits directed to third-party banks or our Affiliates through our Cash Sweep Program. This creates an incentive for us to recommend or direct investments that result in cash being invested through our Cash Sweep Program. By being designated as the Primary Excess Bank in the RBC Insured Deposits program, CNB will receive substantial additional deposits to use in its business to increase its profitability. CNB earns revenue on the difference between the interest paid and other costs it incurs on deposits, and the interest or other income it earns on using deposits for loans, investments, and other assets. Please see the Cash Management section of our public website at www.rbcwm.com/disclosures. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 27 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  In the Programs, you may be able to invest in affiliated Funds as well as certain other affiliated investment products. Certain conflicts of interest among the issuer, Fund, the Fund manager, and/or the broker or agent may exist as described in the applicable prospectus. Where we are affiliated, through common ownership and control by RBC, with a Fund, Fund manager, issuer or agent, we have an incentive to make our proprietary or affiliated product available over an unaffiliated product, such that the fees and expenses charged by the Fund, Fund manager, issuer or agent are earned by us or our affiliate, rather than a non-affiliate. You may invest in an affiliated Investment Manager and/ or Model Provider. We have an incentive to make our affiliated Investment Managers and Model Providers available because RBC WM and its affiliates receive greater revenue. RBC GAM-US RBC GAM-US acts as an Investment Manager in Consulting Solutions, as a Model Provider in RBC UP and may be selected by clients as an Investment Manager in MAP. This is a conflict of interest as we are incented to recommend RBC GAM-US over non-affiliates. This conflict of interest is addressed by proper disclosure. If you select RBC GAM-US as your Investment Manager in Consulting Solutions or MAP, or as your Model Provider in RBC UP, RBC GAM-US and RBC WM will each collect separate advisory fees for non-retirement accounts. If you select RBC GAM-US as your Investment Manager for your Retirement Account in Consulting Solutions, RBC WM will charge the Program Fee on such Retirement Account, but RBC GAM-US will not charge the Investment Manager Fee on any such Retirement Account. If you select RBC GAM-US as your Investment Manager for your Retirement Account in MAP, RBC WM will not charge the Program Fee on any such Retirement Account, but RBC GAM- US will charge the Investment Manager Fee on any such Retirement Account. In RBC UP, an internally approved Financial Advisor may use limited discretion as described above in Item 4, provided also granted by applicable client(s), to select RBC GAM-US as the Model Provider for a client’s account, as suitable and appropriate. This is a conflict of interest since we have an incentive to select an affiliated Model Provider because the Model Provider Fee will be paid to and received by our affiliate as opposed to an unaffiliated Model Provider. We address this conflict of interest by proper disclosure and by only selecting the most suitable Model Portfolio available for you based on your investment objectives and Advisory Risk Profile. If you, or your Financial Advisor, select RBC GAM-US as the Model Provider for your Retirement Account in RBC UP, RBC WM will charge the Program Fee on such account, but RBC GAM-US will not charge your Retirement Account the Model Provider Fee. RBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited RBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited (“GAM UK”) acts as a Model Provider in RBC UP. This is a conflict of interest as we are incented to recommend GAM UK over non-affiliates. This conflict of interest is addressed by proper disclosure. If you select GAM UK as your Model Provider in RBC UP, GAM UK and RBC WM will each collect separate advisory fees for non- retirement accounts. In RBC UP, an internally approved Financial Advisor may use limited discretion as described above in Item 4, provided also granted by applicable client(s), to select GAM UK as the Model Provider for a client’s account, as suitable and appropriate. This is a conflict of interest since we have an incentive to select an affiliated Model Provider because the Model Provider Fee will be paid to and received by our affiliate as opposed to an unaffiliated Model Provider. We address this conflict of interest by proper disclosure and by only selecting the most suitable Model Portfolio available for you based on your investment objectives and Advisory Risk Profile. If you, or your Financial Advisor, select GAM UK as the Model Provider for your Retirement Account in RBC UP, RBC WM will charge the Program Fee on such account, but GAM UK will not charge your Retirement Account the Model Provider Fee. City National Rochdale If you select CNR as your Investment Manager in MAP, CNR and RBC WM will each collect separate advisory fees for non-retirement accounts. This is a conflict of interest as we are incented to recommend CNR. To the extent permitted by applicable law, this conflict of interest is addressed by proper disclosure. In addition, where CNR acts as Investment Manager for your Retirement Accounts in MAP, CNR will not charge the Investment Manager Fee on any such Retirement Accounts. RBC WM and Financial Advisors Acting as Portfolio Managers As discussed above in Item 4, RBC WM acts as the Overlay Manager in RBC UP and certain approved Financial Advisors act as Portfolio Managers in the Portfolio Focus Program. Our participation in a Program creates an incentive for us to recommend or select such Program where we are the Portfolio Manager over other qualified and suitable Portfolio Managers. Where RBC WM serves as the Overlay Manager in RBC UP, we charge and retain the Overlay Manager Fee, which is a portion of the Program Fee you pay. You do not pay more for selecting us as the Overlay Manager, however, we do retain additional RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 28 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  compensation when we are selected over another qualified and suitable unaffiliated Investment Manager or Overlay Manager. PAG provides timely, independent information to our Financial Advisors and their clients by independently analyzing research from its research providers. The research that is produced by PAG is intended to provide a broad and extensive array of fundamental research in the marketplace by focusing on key analysts, recommendations, and trends within their research sources, including those of RBC CM as well as through nationally recognized correspondents. PAG has also created equity portfolios for use by our Financial Advisors and their clients. In the RBC UP program, these portfolios are available in the form of Model Portfolios. In the RBC Advisor and Portfolio Focus programs, Financial Advisors may implement these portfolios in part or in full in client accounts. PAG does not receive compensation for providing these models to us. PAG has also created fixed income portfolios. These portfolios are available as Model Portfolios in the RBC UP program. PAG does not receive compensation for providing these models to us. While the research conducted in creating Model Portfolios is independent, RBC WM has a conflict of interest because we have an incentive to use certain Funds in a model and 1) receive additional compensation from the investments made in certain Funds and/or 2) use Funds managed by an affiliate of RBC WM. We mitigate this conflict of interest by disclosure and subjecting the Model Portfolios created by PAG to review by an RBC WM internal oversight committee on a regular basis, consistent with performance standards employed when reviewing unaffiliated Investment Managers and Model Providers. RBC WM may designate selected Financial Advisors to act as Portfolio Managers in Portfolio Focus. Selected Financial Advisors will manage assets in the Portfolio Focus account on a discretionary basis based on your Advisory Risk Profile and subject to our guidelines for the Program. The investment options available to you through Portfolio Focus may vary based on the Financial Advisor’s level of experience. In RBC UP, designated Financial Advisors who are approved to exercise discretion may select affiliated Model Providers or other available Investment Products. By selecting any such affiliated Model Providers and/or Investment Products, an incentive and/or conflict of interest exists in using ourselves over another qualified and/or suitable unaffiliated Model Provider or Investment Product because we earn more. We mitigate this conflict of interest by proper disclosure and by not providing any compensation or other incentive for your Financial Advisor to select or use affiliated Model Providers or other Investment Products. Performance-Based Fees and Side by Side Management RBC WM does not charge performance-based fees in the Programs. However, certain Funds and Alternative Investments available in the Programs may be subject to performance-based fees or varying expense charges imposed by the Fund manager or Alternative Investment Manager. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies The methods of analysis used and Investment Strategies available in each Program are described above in the “Services, Fees and Compensation” and the “Portfolio Manager Selection and Evaluation” sections. We obtain information from various sources, including financial publications; company press releases and securities filings; research and due diligence material prepared by RBC WM, our affiliates and third parties; rating or timing services; regulatory and self-regulatory reports; third- party data; and research providers, professionals, and other public sources. Our Financial Advisors may use research, model portfolios and asset allocation recommendations provided by RBC WM, RBC WM affiliates and third parties to make recommendations to you. Risk of Loss Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. There is no guarantee of performance for any investment strategy implemented or recommended, and the value of a client’s investments will fluctuate due to market conditions and other factors. Investments are subject to various risks, including, but not limited to, market, liquidity, currency, economic, and political risk, and will not necessarily be profitable. Past performance does not predict or guarantee any level of future performance. For the strategies used in the Programs, equities, Funds, options, and fixed income securities are the primary investments. Below are certain material risk factors associated with the Programs and the strategies utilized in the Programs. There are certain other risk factors described throughout this brochure. For more details on material risk factors associated with Investment Managers and their Investment Strategies, Model Portfolios of Model Providers, and/or the services of the Overlay Manager in applicable Programs, please refer to each Investment Manager’s, Model Provider’s, and/or the Overlay Manager’s Form ADV Part 2A brochure and/or other similar disclosure documents. In addition, always read the prospectus or other offering documents for a full description of risks associated with the particular investment. You are urged to consult with your Financial Advisor to discuss the risks associated with any investment strategy, particular investments, and securities, and/or RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 29 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  transactions recommended or effected in your Program account(s). Some of the material risks are as follows: • Market Risk. The value of securities owned by an investor may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to factors affecting certain industries and/or securities markets generally. • Interest Rate Risk. Fixed income securities will decline in value because of an increase in interest rates; a bond or a fixed income fund with a longer duration will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a bond or bond fund with a shorter duration. • Economic Conditions Risk. The economic, political, or financial developments will, from time to time, result in periods of volatility or other adverse effects that could negatively impact your account. • Credit Risk. Investors could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income security is unable or unwilling to meet its financial obligations. • Liquidity Risk. Investors would not be able to sell or redeem an investment quickly without significantly affecting the price. Liquidity risk is heightened when markets are distressed. Generally, alternative investments and interval funds have higher liquidity risk than securities traded on exchanges, fixed income securities or open-end mutual funds. • Risks Relating to Equities. The price may rise or fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, because of changes in a company’s financial condition. These price movements can result from economic changes or macro factors such as the economic performance of a particular country, interest rate movements, and international developments. Sector or industry developments as well as changes in government regulations may affect equity prices. • Risk Relating to Debt Securities. Debt securities, such as bonds, involve interest rate risk, credit risk, extension risk, prepayment risk, and other types of risks. In addition, the value of debt securities may fluctuate in response to market movements or issues that affect particular industries or issuers. When interest rates fall, the issuers of debt securities may prepay principal more quickly than expected, and investors may have to reinvest the proceeds at a lower interest rate. This is known as “prepayment risk.” When interest rates rise, debt securities may be repaid more slowly than expected, and the value of the debt security can fall sharply. This is known as “extension risk.” Certain types of debt securities may be subject to “call and redemption risk,” which is the risk that the issuer may call a bond for redemption before it matures, and the investor may lose income. • Risks Relating to Specific Styles. Different types of stocks tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market and economic conditions. To the extent a portfolio emphasizes a value or growth style of investing, a portfolio runs the risk that undervalued companies’ valuations will never improve or that growth companies may be more volatile than other types of investments, respectively. • Risks Relating to Securities-Based Lending. Certain Program accounts may be eligible for Margin or other types of securities-based lending as part of RBC WM’s brokerage services. The extension of credit may be obtained through Lending Programs as described above. Prior to enrollment in such Lending Programs, you should carefully review that Lending Program’s agreement and disclosure document and understand the risks associated with leveraging your account. You must carefully consider: — Whether or not you can afford, and want, to assume the additional risks that losses in your account may be significantly greater than if you decide not to invest with borrowed funds (i.e., not to use leverage). Leveraging your account may increase your risks and make your investment objectives more difficult to realize you may lose more than your original investment; — You will pay interest on the outstanding loan balance; thus, the use of leverage will increase your costs of investing; — Since the Program Fee is calculated as a percentage of the net market value in a Program account, the use of Margin to purchase additional securities in a Program account will increase the net market value of the Program account by the value of such additional securities purchased with the proceeds of the Margin loan (and will not be offset by the amount of the client’s Margin debit held in the account outside of the Program). This will result in a higher Program Fee you pay to us. This will result in additional compensation to RBC WM and its Financial Advisors; — RBC WM, or a third-party lender, can force the sale of Program assets to satisfy collateral requirements without notice to you; — Neither RBC WM, our affiliates nor our Financial Advisors will act as an investment adviser to you with respect to the liquidation of securities held in a Program account to meet collateral requirements. These liquidations will be executed in our capacity as broker-dealer and creditor and may, as permitted by and in accordance with applicable laws, rules, and regulations, including the Advisers Act, result in executions on a principal basis in your account; and — Under these circumstances, RBC WM cannot guarantee a favorable price on the sale of Program assets or that the liquidations align with your investment strategy or Advisory Risk Profile. RBC WM is permitted to lend or utilize Margin securities in its possession and receives compensation in connection with RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 30 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  the use of such securities. The costs associated with Lending Programs is not included in the Program Fee and will result in additional compensation to RBC WM, Financial Advisors, and/or our affiliates. For more information, please see the “Margin Disclosure Statement” on our public website at www.rbcwm.com/disclosures. • Risks Relating to Money Market Funds. An investment in a money market fund is neither insured nor guaranteed by the FDIC or any other government agency. Although money market funds seek to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, there is no assurance that will occur, and it is possible to lose money if the fund value per share falls. Moreover, in some circumstances, money market funds may be forced to cease operations when the value of a fund drops below $1.00 per share. If this happens, the fund’s holdings are liquidated and distributed to the fund’s shareholders. This liquidation process is likely to take a month or more. During that time, these funds would not be available to you to support purchases, withdrawals and, if applicable, check writing or other money movement debits from your account. • Concentration Risk. To the extent a client concentrates their investments by investing a significant portion of its assets in the securities of a single issuer, industry, sector, country or region, the overall adverse impact on the client of adverse developments in the business of such issuer, such industry or such government could be considerably greater than if they did not concentrate their investments to such an extent. • Sector Risk. To the extent a client account invests more heavily in particular sectors, industries, or sub-sectors of the market, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors, industries, or sub-sectors. An individual sector, industry, or sub-sector of the market may be more volatile, and may perform differently, than the broader market. The several industries that constitute a sector may not all react in the same way to economic, political, or regulatory events. A client account’s performance could be affected if the sectors, industries, or sub-sectors do not perform as expected. Alternatively, the lack of exposure to one or more sectors or industries may adversely affect performance. • Risks Relating to Foreign Securities and Emerging Markets. Investments in securities of foreign issuers denominated in foreign currencies are subject to risks in addition to the risks of securities of U.S. issuers. These risks include political and economic risks, civil conflicts and war, greater volatility, expropriation and nationalization risks, sanctions or other measures by the United States or other governments, currency fluctuations, higher transactions costs, delayed settlement, possible foreign controls on investment, liquidity risks, and less stringent investor protection and disclosure standards of some foreign markets. Events and evolving conditions in certain economies or markets may alter the risks associated with investments tied to countries or regions that historically were perceived as comparatively stable becoming riskier and more volatile. These risks are magnified in countries in emerging markets, which may have relatively unstable governments and less-established market economies than those of developed countries. Emerging markets may face greater social, economic, regulatory, and political uncertainties. These risks make emerging market securities more volatile and less liquid than securities issued in more developed countries. For more information, see the “Risks Related to Foreign Securities and Foreign Currencies section” in the Client Account Agreement and Disclosure, available on our public website at www. rbcwm.com/disclosures. • Risks Relating to Annuities. Annuities are long-term investments and can offer tax-deferred accumulation with options for downside protection, death benefits and lifetime income. Variable annuities are securities that offer a range of investment options, called sub accounts, across different asset classes. Registered indexed linked annuities may also offer sub accounts and a choice of index strategies and provides certain protection against downside market risk and limited participation in index gains without directly investing in the market or an index. Fixed indexed annuities offer a choice of index strategies and provides protection against downside market risk combined with limited participation in gains tied to a particular index without directly investing in the markets or an index. Variable annuities and registered indexed linked annuities have market risk because the contract value fluctuates based on the investment performance of the sub accounts or the index accounts selected. Because the value of a variable annuity and a registered indexed linked annuity is tied to the performance of the investment options chosen, it is subject to investment risk. The value of your annuity will vary and could decline to less than the value of the premiums you have paid. You must pay the annuity fees, charges, and other expenses, regardless of how the annuity performs. Optional guaranteed benefits, which can normally only be elected at the time your annuity contract is issued, could restrict your investment options and in some cases cannot be reversed. You will pay additional charges for optional benefits and guarantees whether utilized or not. If you want to withdraw or terminate your annuity contract, your withdrawal may be subject to surrender charges or a market value adjustment. These charges are described in the annuity contract and prospectus/ statement of understanding. In addition, your contract with the annuity issuer may include specific guarantees and payment commitments. Those are obligations of the insurance company and are not guaranteed by RBC WM. For information, please consult the annuity product and underlying fund prospectuses which can be obtained from your Financial Advisor or directly from the insurance carrier. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 31 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  • Risk Relating to Alternative Investments. Alternative Investments have different features and risks from other types of investment products. Alternative Investments can be illiquid, volatile, and speculative, and they are not appropriate for all investors. Alternative Investments are generally less liquid than traditional mutual funds because there is no secondary market (with none expected to develop), may offer periodic or no redemption opportunities, require a significant notice period, and/or impose early redemption fees. Additional risks include: the manager’s investment strategies, which may include, but are not limited to, short-selling, leveraging, concentration, frequent trading, derivatives, non-U.S. securities, and certain transactions subject to credit/counter-party risk, volatility of returns, restrictions on transferring interests in the Alternative Investment, absence of information regarding valuations and pricing, complex tax structures and delays in tax reporting, less regulation than mutual funds, “clawbacks” or other restrictions that may require the return of capital previously distributed to you or the payment of additional capital, and investments in companies with short operating histories, few key operating principals and managers, and/or organized and operated outside of the United States. Alternative Investments may also have higher fees (including multiple layers of fees) compared to other types of investments. They may charge an asset-based fee as well as incentive fees based on net profits, which may create an incentive for a manager to make investments which are riskier or more speculative than those which might have been made in the absence of such an incentive. Alternative Investments are intended for experienced and sophisticated investors who are willing to bear the high economic risks of the investment including the risk of losing all or a substantial portion of the investment. Individual Alternative Investments will have specific risks related to their investment strategies that vary from investment to investment. For more details on these and other features and risks, please carefully read the offering documents of the Alternative Investment (including risk disclosures), RBC WM’s Alternative Investment Disclosure Form, and your Client Account Agreement and Disclosures. • High Yield Securities Risk. Certain strategies invest in securities and instruments that are issued by companies that are highly leveraged, less creditworthy, or financially distressed. These investments (known as junk bonds) are considered speculative and are subject to greater risk of loss, greater sensitivity to interest rate and economic changes, valuation difficulties, and potential illiquidity. For more information see the “High-Yield Securities Disclosure” on our public website at www.rbcwm.com/disclosures. • Counterparty Risk. An account may have exposure to the credit risk of counterparties with which it deals in connection with the investment of its assets, whether engaged in exchange traded or off-exchange transactions or through brokers, dealers, custodians, and exchanges through which it engages. In addition, many protections afforded to cleared transactions, such as the security afforded by transacting through a clearing house, might not be available in connection with over-the-counter (“OTC”) transactions. Therefore, in those instances in which an account enters into OTC transactions, the account will be subject to the risk that its direct counterparty will not perform its obligations under the transactions and will sustain losses. • Derivatives Risk. Certain strategies may use derivatives. Derivatives, including forward currency contracts, futures, options and commodity-linked derivatives and swaps, may be riskier than other types of investments because they may be more sensitive to changes in economic and market conditions, and could result in losses that significantly exceed the investor’s original investment in the derivative. Many derivatives create leverage thereby causing a portfolio to be more volatile than it would have been if it had not been exposed to such derivatives. Derivatives also expose a portfolio to counterparty risk (the risk that the derivative counterparty will not fulfill its contractual obligations), including the credit risk of the derivative counterparty. Certain derivatives are synthetic instruments that attempt to replicate the performance of certain reference assets. Regarding such derivatives, an investor does not have a claim on the reference assets and is subject to enhanced counterparty risk. Derivatives may not perform as expected, so an investor may not realize the intended benefits. The possible lack of a liquid secondary market for derivatives and the resulting ability to sell or otherwise close a derivatives position could expose a portfolio to losses. Additionally, certain derivatives are subject to position limits imposed by regulators, and the investment adviser will not be able to obtain additional exposure if these limits are reached. When used for hedging, the change in value of a derivative may not correlate as expected with what is being hedged. In addition, given their complexity, derivatives expose an investor to risks of mispricing or improper valuation. Voting Client Securities (Proxy Voting) In the Advisory Agreement, you indicate your proxy voting authority election for each Program account. If you designate “Client” to vote proxies, we will forward to you (or another third-party designated by you) all proxy-related materials, annual and interim reports, and other issuer-related materials that RBC WM receives pertaining to the securities in your Program account(s). If you designate “Manager” to vote proxies, you authorize a third-party Investment Manager(s) or the third-party Overlay Manager, RBC WM as Portfolio Focus Manager or RBC WM as Overlay Manager, if applicable, to vote proxies on your behalf. Your designation is only valid if accepted by that designee. If you designate “Manager” to vote proxies, we will RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 32 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  not provide you with notice that we have received a proxy solicitation, nor will we or any third-party Investment Manager or proxy voting agent consult with you before casting a vote. In certain circumstances, based on the Program or Investment Manager selected by you, your proxy voting authority preference may not be available. If your preference is not available for the Program(s) in which you are enrolled, or the Investment Manager or Overlay Manager have elected to not vote client proxies, we will default your proxy voting authority to “Client” for that account. If you or RBC WM terminate a Program account, RBC In the Advisory Agreement, you indicate your proxy voting authority election for each Program account. If you designate “Client” to vote proxies, we will forward to you (or another third-party designated by you) all proxy-related materials, annual and interim reports, and other issuer- related materials that RBC WM receives pertaining to the securities in your Program account(s). If you designate “Manager” to vote proxies, you authorize a third-party Investment Manager(s), RBC WM as Portfolio Focus Manager, or the Overlay Manager (i.e., Envestnet or RBC WM), if applicable, to vote proxies on your behalf. Your designation is only valid if accepted by that designee. If you designate “Manager” to vote proxies, we will not provide you with notice that we have received a proxy solicitation, nor will we or any third-party Investment Manager or proxy voting agent consult with you before casting a vote. In certain circumstances, based on the Program or Investment Manager selected by you, your proxy voting authority preference may not be available. If your preference is not available for the Program(s) in which you are enrolled, or the Investment Manager or Overlay Manager have elected to not vote client proxies, we will default your proxy voting authority to “Client” for that account. If you or RBC WM terminate a Program account, RBC WM will revert proxy voting authority to you (or another third-party selected by you). Except as provided below, RBC WM will not take any action regarding the voting of proxy solicitations related to securities held in your account(s). You may change your proxy voting election at any time upon written notice to us, in accordance with your Advisory Agreement. Investment Managers and the Overlay Managers retain the right to rescind their acceptance of the proxy authorization or start voting client proxies at any time. If an Investment Manager or the Overlay Manager elects to stop voting proxies, we will forward proxy voting materials to you (or a third-party agent designated by you), and if an Investment Manager or Overlay Manager elects to start voting proxies, we will send to them all proxy related materials and you will not receive them. RBC Advisor In RBC Advisor, clients retain the right and authority to vote all proxies for securities. RBC WM does not have, and will not accept, authority to vote client securities held in RBC Advisor accounts. In the Advisory Agreement, if you designate “Manager” to vote proxies for any RBC Advisor account, we will default proxy voting authority to you, “Client”, and in accordance with applicable law, we will forward to you (or a third-party agent designated by you) all proxy-related materials, annual reports, and other issuer- related materials that RBC WM receives pertaining to the securities in your account(s). Portfolio Focus and RBC UP If you designate “Manager” to vote proxies for your account(s) in Portfolio Focus and/or RBC UP, RBC WM as Portfolio Focus Manager in Portfolio Focus, or RBC WM or Envestnet as Overlay Manager in RBC UP, will vote proxies on your behalf. When we vote proxies, we have a fiduciary responsibility to vote proxies in a manner that we believe is consistent with your best interest and in accordance with the policies and procedures adopted by RBC WM. We have retained an independent third-party proxy voting agent (Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”)) to provide fundamental research and independent voting recommendations based on its standard proxy voting guidelines, and to vote proxies in your account(s) on our behalf. The proxy voting guidelines set forth by ISS are reasonably designed to identify potential conflicts of interest when voting proxies on a client’s behalf. The engagement of ISS as our agent is not intended to be a delegation of our proxy voting responsibilities and does not relieve us of any fiduciary obligations with respect to the voting of proxies. While RBC WM uses its best efforts to vote proxies, there are instances when we do not vote proxies because voting is not practical or is not in the best interest of clients. For example, casting a vote on a foreign security may involve additional costs or may prevent, for a period of time, sales of shares that have been voted. RBC WM has implemented policies reasonably designed to identify potential material conflicts of interest to help us vote proxies without undue influence from individuals or groups who may have an economic interest in the outcome of a proxy vote. These policies include: • Causing the proxies to be delegated to an independent third-party; • Causing the independent third-party to use predetermined voting guidelines; • Causing proxies to be voted in accordance with recommendations of an independent third-party. You may contact your Financial Advisor to request and obtain a copy of our proxy voting policies and procedures, ISS’ standard proxy voting guidelines, and records of how RBC WM voted proxies with respect to securities held in your Program account(s). Consulting Solutions and MAP If you designate “Manager” to vote proxies for your account(s) in Consulting Solutions and/or MAP, such designation is subject to acceptance by the applicable Investment Manager. Pursuant to this designation, you (i) authorize the selected RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 33 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  Investment Manager to receive the proxy-related materials, annual and interim reports, and other issuer-related materials for securities in your account(s), and (ii) delegate to the Investment Manager the proxy voting rights for those securities. If an Investment Manager has elected to not vote client proxies, you (or another third-party agent designated by you) will be responsible for voting proxies for the securities in your account(s). Retirement Accounts With respect to retirement accounts subject to Title I of ERISA, we shall have no responsibility or authority to vote proxies on behalf of such account. The voting of proxies is reserved to a named fiduciary of the plan as selected by you. Unless you indicate otherwise in the Advisory Agreement, RBC WM, the Investment Manager(s) selected by you and/ or the Overlay Manager(s) are expressly precluded from voting proxies on behalf of any retirement account subject to Title I of ERISA (although we may, in our capacity as a broker, act pursuant to the instructions of a named plan fiduciary). We deem the authority to vote proxies as expressly reserved to a named plan fiduciary and therefore, we have no obligation and will not accept any authority to take action on your behalf with respect to any proxy-related material. ITEM 7: CLIENT INFORMATION PROVIDED TO PORTFOLIO MANAGERS To open a Program account, you must provide certain information to RBC WM regarding your risk tolerance, investment objectives, financial situation, and other important information. In managing your account(s), we rely on the completeness and accuracy of the information you provide, and it is your responsibility to promptly notify RBC WM if any of the information you provided changes. Except as otherwise agreed to in writing or as required or permitted by law, RBC WM will keep confidential all information concerning your identity, financial data, and investments. We share relevant client information with (1) the Investment Manager(s) and/or Overlay Manager(s) selected by you in order for such Investment Manager(s) and/or Overlay Manager(s) to adequately manage your Program account(s), and (2) certain companies that we or your selected Investment Manager(s) and/or Overlay Manager(s) partner with to service your Program account(s). Recommendations and advice given to you by your select Investment Manager(s) and/or Overlay Manager(s), as applicable, will be regarded as confidential among you and such Investment Manager(s) and/or Overlay Manager(s). For MAP accounts, however, unless otherwise indicated, we generally do not provide client information to Investment Managers. Since clients enter into a separate agreement with their Investment Manager(s) in MAP, clients are solely responsible for providing their own information, and updates thereto, to any such Investment Manager(s) used through MAP, and for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of such information. We shall have no responsibility for the information a client provides to their Investment Manager(s) in MAP. ITEM 8: CLIENT CONTACT WITH PORTFOLIO MANAGERS For the Programs that involve Investment Managers and Overlay Managers, RBC WM does not place restrictions on clients contacting and consulting directly with the Investment Managers or the Overlay Managers. However, unlike the Investment Managers selected by the client, the Model Providers do not have direct investment advisory relationships with clients and may have their own restrictions on such contact and consultation. Clients are encouraged to review the Form ADV Part 2A brochure(s) or other similar disclosure documents of any Investment Manager(s), the Overlay Manager (Envestnet), and/or Model Providers for information on whether they have any of their own restrictions on direct client communication. ITEM 9: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Disciplinary Information The following is a summary of certain adverse legal and disciplinary events and regulatory settlements during the last 10 years that may be material to your decision of whether to retain us for your investment advisory needs. You can find additional information regarding these settlements in Part 1 of our Form ADV at adviserinfo.sec.gov. • In June 2025, RBC CM entered into a settlement (the “Settlement”) with the Securities Division of the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts regarding allegations that RBC CM charged unreasonable commission for certain equity transactions, and did not reasonably supervise these transactions in violation of § 204(a) (2)(J) of the Massachusetts Uniform Securities Act. RBC CM agreed to pay restitution in an amount no less than $113,295.06, plus 6% compounded interest, to affected Massachusetts customers. RBC CM also agreed to provide restitution, plus 6% compounded interest, to affected customers of other jurisdictions that agree to the terms of an agreement (“Term Sheet”) between RBC CM and a multi-state group, including Massachusetts, executed contemporaneously with the RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 34 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  Settlement. RBC CM agreed to pay an administrative fine in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,095,000 to the jurisdictions agreeing to the terms of the Term Sheet, which includes $25,000 to be paid to Massachusetts. • On August 14, 2024, RBC CM entered into a settlement order with the SEC in connection with RBC CM’s recordkeeping practices concerning business-related electronic communications sent or received by firm personnel using non-approved channels or methods (“off-channel communications”). The SEC found that from at least June 2019 to August 2024, RBC CM willfully violated Section 17(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 17a-4(b)(4) thereunder and Section 204 of the Advisers Act and Rule 204-2(a)(7) thereunder in connection with RBC CM’s failure to maintain and preserve the substantial majority of off-channel communications of its personnel that were records required to be maintained under Exchange Act Rule 17a-4(b)(4) and/or Advisers Act Rule 204-2(a)(7); and therefore, failed to reasonably supervise its personnel within the meaning of Section 15(b)(4)(E) of the Exchange Act and Section 203(e)(6) of the Advisers Act. RBC CM admitted to the facts in the settlement order and acknowledged its conduct violated the federal securities laws. The SEC ordered RBC CM to cease and desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of Section 17(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 17a-4(b)(4) thereunder and Section 204 of the Advisers Act and Rule 204-2 thereunder, censured it for its conduct, ordered it to pay a civil monetary penalty in the amount of $45,000,000, and ordered it to comply with the undertakings enumerated in the settlement order. • RBC CM consented to FINRA sanctions and findings that its supervisory system did not provide certain customers with mutual fund sales charge waivers and fee rebates to which they were entitled through rights of reinstatement offered by mutual fund companies, which resulted in the payment of $264,939.44 in excess sales charges and fees by eligible customers. On July 2, 2024, RBC CM was censured, fined $75,000 and required to certify that it had remediated the issues and implement reasonably designed supervisory system, including written supervisory procedures (“WSPs”). The firm also made full restitution, plus interest, to the affected customers. • RBC CM consented to FINRA sanctions and findings that it sent trade confirmations to customers that contained inaccurate information. The findings stated that the firm sent its institutional customers confirmations for fixed income transactions, including certain municipal securities transactions, that inaccurately stated that the transactions were executed in an agency capacity, when they were executed in a principal capacity. The firm also sent its institutional customers trade confirmations that inaccurately stated that certain transactions that were solicited were unsolicited and vice versa. In addition, the firm failed to deliver trade confirmations to customers that had requested electronic delivery of trade confirmations and failed to send trade confirmations for millions of dividend reinvestment program (“DRIP”) transactions. The findings also stated that the firm failed to establish, maintain, and enforce a supervisory system, including WSPs, reasonably designed to achieve compliance with trade confirmation requirements. The findings also included that the firm violated Regulation T promulgated by the board of governors of the federal reserve system under Section 7 of the Exchange Act by extending credit to certain customers of the firm and its introducing firms, which resulted in hundreds of incorrectly executed trades in those accounts and the frequent selling of the positions at issue to generate proceeds to cover the purchases. In connection with these transactions, customer accounts incurred commissions, markups, markdowns, and fees totaling $392,525.50, that they would not otherwise have incurred had the firm cancelled the trades. In addition, introducing firm customer accounts incurred $1,308 in fees in connection with these trades that they would not have incurred had the firm cancelled the trades. On April 29, 2024, RBC CM was censured, fined $375,000, ordered to pay $393,833.50 in restitution to customers, and required to certify that it has remediated the issues and implemented a supervisory system, including WSPs. • On November 2, 2023, RBC CM entered into a settlement with the SEC resulting in the SEC issuing an order (the “Order”). RBC CM consented to the entry of the Order that found that RBC CM failed to make and keep books, records, and accounts, which, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflected the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the issuer, and failed to devise and maintain a system of internal account controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. The Order directs that RBC CM cease-and-desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of Sections 13(B) (2)(A) and 13(B)(2)(B) of the Exchange Act. On November 2, 2023, without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM consented to the Order and was fined $6,000,000. • In May 2023, RBC CM entered into a settlement with the Commonwealth of Virginia’s State Corporation Commission’s Division of Securities and Retail Franchising (the “Division”) regarding allegations that it employed an investment adviser representative in the Commonwealth of Virginia without that person being duly registered with the Division, in violation of § 13.1-504 c (ii) of the Virginia Securities Act. RBC CM agreed to pay a $10,000 monetary penalty and $1,000 for the cost of the investigation. • In April 2023, without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM reached a settlement with FINRA and consented to sanctions and the entry of findings that it failed to establish and maintain a supervisory system reasonably designed to achieve compliance with its suitability obligations in connection with syndicate preferred stock in brokerage accounts. The findings stated that while the firm’s procedures called for supervisors to closely examine representatives’ short-term trading of preferred stocks, the firm’s electronic surveillance of short-term trading in preferred stock was unreasonably designed, RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 35 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  and it failed to monitor for that activity. Although the surveillance system had certain alerts that specifically monitored for short-term trading in other products, such as closed-end funds, it did not have any alerts that specifically monitored for short-term trading in preferred stock. The firm also did not have any other alerts that flagged the purchase and sale within 180 days of syndicate preferred stock. Certain of the firm’s registered representatives recommended that a number of the firm’s retail customers purchase syndicate preferred stocks, and then sold the positions within 180 days, and such customers sustained losses on these transactions. The firm earned $653,313 in selling concessions from these syndicate purchases and $128,643 in sales commissions from the subsequent sales. The firm conducted a substantial syndicate preferred stock business yet did not maintain a reasonable supervisory system to monitor whether its representatives recommended short- term trading of syndicate preferred securities that was unsuitable, including for the purpose of capturing sales concessions and commissions. The firm was censured, fined $300,000, ordered to pay $128,643.17, plus interest, in restitution to customers, ordered to pay $653,312.83, plus interest, in disgorgement, and required to certify that it has remediated the issues identified in this AWC and implemented a supervisory system, including WSPs, reasonably designed to achieve compliance with FINRA Rule 3110 regarding the issues identified in this AWC. • On March 3, 2022, RBC CM affiliate and registered investment adviser, CNR, reached a settlement with the SEC concerning CNR’s breach of its fiduciary duty relating to the use of proprietary Funds and certain share classes in advisory accounts. Those Funds generated fees for CNR and its affiliates, rather than competitor funds within the same asset classes that may not have generated such fees, and created a conflict that was not disclosed. The SEC determined that CNR willfully violated sections 206(2) and 206(4) of the Advisers Act as well as Rule 206(4)-7 by failing to adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violations of the Advisers Act. Under the terms of the settlement, CNR paid $30,361,804 in fines, disgorgement, and interest. • Without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM consented to the sanctions and to the entry of findings that it failed to establish, maintain, and enforce a supervisory system, including WSPs, reasonably designed to achieve compliance with FINRA and Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (“MSRB”) rules with respect to representatives’ recommendations of high-yield corporate and municipal bonds. The findings stated that the firm’s policies and procedures did not sufficiently address the suitability factors that representatives should consider before recommending high-yield bonds. On December 15, 2021, RBC CM was censured, fined $550,000, and ordered to pay $456,155, plus interest, in restitution to customers. • On September 17, 2021, RBC CM entered into a settlement with the SEC resulting in the SEC issuing an order (the “Order”). RBC CM consented to the entry of the Order which found that from 2014-2017, RBC CM engaged in improper conduct in connection with the allocation, purchase, and sale of certain new issue municipal bond offerings in violation of internal procedures, as well as MSRB and SEC rules. The Order found that RBC CM’s conduct violated MSRB and SEC rules. The Order censured RBC CM and required RBC CM to pay disgorgement of $552,440, prejudgment interest of $160,886.97, and $150,000 as a civil penalty to the SEC. Such payments were made by RBC CM on September 22, 2021. • The Virginia State Corporation Commission found that, from December 1, 2017, through November 27, 2020, RBC CM employed an investment adviser representative (“IAR”) who was registered in the District of Columbia but not Virginia and that RBC CM failed to enforce its WSPs regarding IAR registration. On September 8, 2021, RBC CM executed the settlement order which states that RBC CM neither admits nor denies the Virginia state corporation commission’s allegations and paid a $10,000 civil penalty. • It was found by the NYSE that RBC CM violated NYSE Rule 3110(a) and (b) (Supervision) by failing to establish and maintain a supervisory system and WSPs reasonably designed to detect and prevent errors in market on close orders. On July 6, 2021, RBC CM entered into a letter of acceptance, waiver and consent with the NYSE under which RBC CM consented to the sanctions and was censured and fined $10,000. • It was found that RBC CM violated SEC Rule 15c3-5(b) and (c)(1)(ii) and Rules 3.2 and 5.1 of the CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc., CBOE EDGA Exchange, Inc., CBOE BYX Exchange, Inc., and CBOE EDGX Exchange, Inc. due to the fact that the Firm’s financial risk management controls and supervisory procedures were not reasonably designed to (i) prevent the entry of erroneous orders, (ii) reject orders that exceed appropriate price or size parameters, on an order-by-order basis or over a short period of time, or (iii) reject duplicative orders. On March 30, 2021, without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM was censured and fined $45,000 by CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc., $45,000 by CBOE EDGA Exchange, Inc., $70,000 by CBOE BYX Exchange, Inc. and $45,000 by CBOE EDGX Exchange, Inc. • The Massachusetts Securities Division found that RBC CM failed to adequately supervise its representatives with respect to concentration and suitability of master limited partnership energy and telecom positions in certain client accounts. On February 2, 2021, without admitting to any supervisory deficiencies, RBC CM agreed to the described sanctions and fines totaling $320,267.41. • Without admitting or denying the findings, on December 15, 2020, RBC CM consented to the sanctions and to the entry of findings that it failed to establish and maintain a supervisory system reasonably designed to supervise representatives’ recommendations to customers to purchase particular share classes of 529 college savings plans. The findings stated RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 36 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  that RBC CM did not provide adequate guidance to representatives regarding the importance of considering share class differences when recommending 529 plans and had no procedures requiring supervisors to review 529 plan share class recommendations for suitability. RBC CM updated its procedures to include such a requirement, but the updated procedures failed to adequately instruct supervisors to consider either the age of the beneficiary or the number of years until expected withdrawals, both critical factors in determining the suitability of the recommended share class. Also, RBC CM did not consistently provide supervisors with the information necessary to review the suitability of 529 plan share class recommendations. Later, RBC CM issued a company-wide compliance alert that provided guidance to representatives regarding 529 plan share class recommendations. RBC CM then updated its supervisory systems and procedures with respect to 529 share class recommendations. Among other things, RBC CM instructed supervisors to consider the age of the beneficiary when assessing the suitability of a representative’s 529 share class recommendation. RBC CM has agreed to pay restitution and interest relating to the sale of class C shares to certain 529 plan customers in the estimated amount of $839,803. • The SEC found that from at least July 2012 through August 2017, RBC CM disadvantaged certain retirement plan and charitable organization brokerage customers who maintained accounts at RBC CM (“Eligible Customers”) by failing to ascertain that they were eligible for a less expensive share class and recommending and selling them more expensive share classes in certain open-end Funds when less expensive share classes were available. RBC CM did so without disclosing that it would receive greater compensation from the Eligible Customers’ purchases of the more expensive share classes. Eligible Customers did not have sufficient information to understand that RBC CM had a conflict of interest resulting from compensation it received for selling the more expensive share classes. Specifically, RBC CM recommended and sold these Eligible Customers class A shares with an up-front sales charge, or class B or class C shares with a back- end contingent deferred sales charge (a deferred sales charge the purchaser pays if the purchaser sells the shares during a specified time period following the purchase) and higher ongoing fees and expenses, when these Eligible Customers were eligible to purchase load-waived class A and/or no-load class R shares. RBC CM omitted material information concerning its compensation when it recommended the more expensive share classes. RBC CM also did not disclose that the purchase of the more expensive share classes would negatively impact the overall return on the Eligible Customers’ investments, in light of the different fee structures for the different fund share classes. In making those recommendations of more expensive share classes while omitting material facts, RBC CM violated sections 17(a)(2) and 17(a)(3) of the Securities Act. These provisions prohibit, respectively, in the offer or sale of securities, obtaining money or property by means of an omission to state a material fact necessary to make statements made not misleading, and engaging in a course of business which operates as a fraud or deceit on the purchaser. As a result of the conduct described above, RBC CM willfully violated sections 17(a)(2) and 17(a)(3) of the Securities Act. On April 24, 2020, RBC CM was censured and paid disgorgement of $2,607,676, prejudgment interest of $631,331, plus a civil monetary penalty of $650,000. • Without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM consented to the sanctions and the entry of findings that RBC CM entered 670 principal orders with incorrect origin codes, indicating that the orders were for customers instead of RBC CM. The findings state that RBC CM ignored red flags and failed to remedy the pattern of entering and executing orders with incorrect origin codes. In addition, for the calendar year 2018 RBC CM conducted 11 of 12 monthly origin code reviews late because RBC CM failed to enforce its procedures requiring timely origin code reviews. Between August 28, 2019, and October 2, 2019, RBC CM settled for a total of $100,000 across eight exchanges (NASDAQ PHLX LLC $7,138; NASDAQ Stock Markets/The NASDAQ Options Market $5,687; CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc. $28,271; NASDAQ ISE, LLC Fine $6,721; NYSE American LLC $4,098; NYSE ARCA, Inc. $5,509; CBOE Exchange, Inc.: $36,592; and CBOE C2 Exchange, Inc., $5,984). • FINRA found that from March 2008 to June 2016, RBC CM failed to make the statutorily required delivery of prospectuses to customers who purchased approximately 165,000 ETFs and notes and hundreds of thousands of open-end and closed- end mutual funds. RBC CM failed to design, implement, and enforce a reasonable supervisory system, procedures and set of controls to comply with prospectus delivery rules for Funds and as a result, failed to discover the delivery failures until FINRA’s investigation into the matter. On October 17, 2019, RBC CM was censured and fined in the amount of $2,900,000. • RBC CM self-reported to the SEC the violations described below pursuant to the Division of Enforcement’s Share Class Selection Disclosure Initiative (“SCSD Initiative”). The SEC found that RBC CM, during the period of January 1, 2014, through March 27, 2017, failed to make adequate disclosures, in its Form ADV or otherwise, regarding its Fund share class selection practices, and the 12b-1 fees it received, in connection with advisory account transactions. Specifically, at times during the relevant period, RBC CM purchased, recommended, or held in advisory accounts Fund share classes that charged 12b-1 fees instead of lower cost share classes in the same fund. The SEC found that RBC CM failed to adequately disclose the receipt of the 12b-1 fees and the associated conflict of interest, thereby willfully violating Sections 206(2) and 207 of the Advisers Act. On March 11, 2019, without admitting or denying the findings, the SEC issued, and the firm consented to the entry of an order (the “Order”) that censured RBC CM and directs it to cease-and-desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of Sections 206(2) and 207 of the Advisers Act. Additionally, the Order requires Respondent to pay disgorgement of $10,494,813.38, prejudgment interest of $1,220,581.34, and to comply with the other undertakings enumerated in the Order as part of the settlement. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 37 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  • FINRA found that RBC CM failed to identify and apply sales charge discounts to eligible customer transactions in UITs. This resulted in customers paying, in total, with respect to approximately 4,399 eligible transactions, excess sales charges in the amount of approximately $502,088.88. In addition, it was found that RBC CM failed to effectively inform and train registered representatives and supervisors to ensure the proper procedures were followed and applicable sales charge discounts were applied. On April 4, 2016; RBC CM was censured and fined $225,000 and ordered to pay $502,088.88 plus interest in restitution to customers. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations Broker-Dealer Registrations RBC CM is registered with the SEC as a broker-dealer and investment adviser. Certain of RBC WM’s management personnel and all of its Financial Advisors and their supervisors are registered with FINRA as representatives of RBC CM in its capacity as a broker-dealer. Further, RBC CM is a member of the NYSE, FINRA, SIPC, and several other exchanges and self- regulatory organizations. Futures/Commodities-Related Registrations RBC CM is also registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) as a futures commission merchant and swap firm. Material Relationships with Related Persons In addition to sponsoring the Programs, RBC CM sponsors other investment advisory programs and engages in a broad range of brokerage and other financial services. These include public and private investment banking and underwriting, retail and institutional brokerage and trading, institutional research and numerous other brokerage, advisory and financial services. Clients of RBC CM may include Investment Managers and Overlay Managers available in the Programs. We have multiple affiliated entities engaged in many different business activities. The business interests of our affiliates may not align with the interests of our brokerage services. Consequently, our firm may be subject to pressure from our affiliates to protect their business interests. This pressure creates a conflict of interest because it incentivizes us to make recommendations to you, or refrain from making recommendations to you, in a manner which best protects those business interests. RBC WM and our affiliates may give advice and take action in performing ou¬r duties to other clients that differs from advice given, or the timing and nature of action taken, with respect to you. In the course of our respective investment banking activities or otherwise, we and our affiliates may, from time to time, acquire material non-public or other information about corporations or other entities or their securities. We and our affiliates are not obligated and may not be permitted to divulge any such information to or for the benefit of clients, or otherwise act on the basis of any such information in providing services to clients. We, our related persons, and affiliates may purchase for our own accounts securities that are recommended to Program clients. RBC GAM-US RBC GAM-US is an affiliate of RBC CM. RBC GAM-US is a federally registered investment adviser that provides portfolio management services to institutional separate accounts, registered investment companies, pooled vehicles, and portfolio management services for wrap fee accounts and Model Portfolios offered by other Providers. RBC CM makes RBC GAM-US available as an Investment Manager in the Consulting Solutions Program, a Model Provider in RBC UP, and permits clients to select RBC GAM-US. in MAP. In the Cash Sweep Program, you may have a balance in the RBC BlueBay U.S. Government Money Market Fund (TIMXX), managed by RBC GAM-US, due to it formerly being offered as a Cash Sweep Option. A lower cost share class of the same RBC BlueBay U.S. Government Money Market Fund (TUGXX) is also available outside of the Cash Sweep Program. TUGXX is subject to eligibility requirements for Retirement Accounts. For amounts invested in shares of the RBC GAM-US managed money market fund, our affiliate RBC GAM-US will receive fees for managing and servicing the fund. RBC GAM-US will also pay RBC WM 12b-1 fees, which provides us with another incentive to use this money market fund instead of another fund that does not pay us the same or any revenue share. We address this conflict of interest by proper disclosure and by rebating or not charging omnibus, management, and/or 12b-1 fees to Retirement Accounts, including IRAs and Retirement Accounts. City National Bank In certain instances, we, through our Financial Advisors, will refer clients to CNB for certain banking products and services, or CNB will refer clients to us for brokerage and other investment services. In such cases, the referring party will, as permitted by applicable law, receive fees and compensation in connection with these products and services. The cash sweep program used by CNB for otherwise uninvested cash uses a proprietary fund that is managed by RBC WM. Where a Program client utilizes the CNB cash sweep program, there is a conflict of interest for RBC WM because the larger the uninvested cash balance in the Program client’s account, the more compensation RBC WM and CNB receive from CNB’s cash sweep program RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 38 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  (and the proprietary fund managed by RBC WM). This creates an incentive for RBC WM to recommend or direct investments that result in cash being invested through the cash sweep program of CNB. City National Rochdale CNR is a subsidiary of CNB. CNR is a federally registered investment adviser that provides investment management services to high-net-worth individuals, families, and foundations. CNR may also serve as investment adviser and/or sub-adviser to Funds that may be recommended by RBC CM. This is a conflict of interest as we are incented to recommend Funds subadvised by CNR or third-party Funds sub-advised by CNR. This conflict of interest is addressed by proper disclosure and by rebating or not charging certain fees to Retirement Accounts, including IRAs and Retirement Accounts subject to Title I of ERISA. In addition, clients are permitted to select CNR as their Investment Manager in MAP. RBC US Holdco Corporation RBC CM, RBC GAM-US and CNB are wholly owned subsidiaries of RBC USA Holdco Corporation, which is a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of RBC. RBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited GAM UK is a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of RBC and an affiliate of RBC CM. GAM UK serves as an investment sub- adviser to certain U.S. registered Funds for which RBC GAM-US or other third parties serve as the investment adviser. Such Funds may be recommended by RBC CM. This is a conflict of interest as we have an incentive to recommend Funds that are sub-advised by our affiliates over other products. To the extent permitted by applicable law, this conflict is addressed by proper disclosure and by not assessing the RBC WM Advice Fee or the Overlay Manager Fee component of the Program Fee, when RBC WM acts as Overlay Manager, to the value of these funds maintained in Retirement Accounts, including IRAs and Retirement Accounts subject to Title I of ERISA. In addition, RBC CM makes GAM UK available as a Model Provider in RBC UP. Matthews International Capital Management, LLC RBC USA Holdco Corporation, a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of RBC, owns a minority interest in Matthews International Capital Management, LLC (“MICM”) which serves as investment adviser for Matthews Asia Funds. MICM is a privately owned, federally registered investment adviser that provides investment services to institutional clients, pension and profit-sharing plans, insurance companies, endowments and foundations and other business entities. MICM also serves as an investment adviser or sub- adviser to Funds which may be recommended by RBC CM. This is a conflict of interest as we are incented to recommend MICM Funds over a non-RBC fund. To the extent permitted by applicable law, this conflict is addressed by proper disclosure and by not assessing the RBC WM Advice Fee, and when RBC WM acts as Overlay Manager, the Overlay Manager Fee component of the Program Fee to the value of these funds maintained in Retirement Accounts, including IRAs and Retirement Accounts subject to Title I of ERISA. Trust and Estate Settlement Services Clients can select CNB, a nationally chartered bank and trust company, or its subsidiary RBC Trust Company (Delaware) Limited (“RBC Trust”), a Delaware chartered trust company as a professional trust and estate settlement service provider. RBC WM and its Financial Advisors are generally prohibited from serving as trustees. Clients can also select TrustCorp America (“TCA”), a Washington, D.C. chartered trust company, as a professional trust and estate settlement service provider. RBC CM has a minority interest in TCA. For more information, see the “City National Referral Disclosure Statement” on our public website at www.rbcwm.com/ disclosures. Cash Sweep Program RBC WM and Affiliated Banks receive financial benefits in connection with Cash Sweep Options managed or held by related persons of RBC WM. See Item 4, “Cash Balances and the Cash Sweep Program” for a description of the Cash Sweep Options and related conflicts of interest. Lending Programs Royal Bank of Canada and RBC Bank receive financial benefits in connection with Lending Programs managed or held by related persons of RBC WM. See Item 4, “Securities-Based Lending” for a description of the Lending Programs and related conflicts of interest. Other Material Relationships Marketing and Operational Support Payments RBC WM receives payments from certain Funds, ETP, and/or insurance companies, as well as the Investment Managers, Model Providers, and/or Envestnet (“Marketing Support”). We use this money for general marketing and Financial Advisor educational programs, to offset compliance and product management costs and to support client education programs and RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 39 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  seminars. Marketing Support payments received by RBC WM from Fund companies are generally calculated as a percentage of non-retirement client assets invested in such Funds. Marketing Support payments received from Investment Managers, Model Providers and/or Envestnet are also paid based on a flat dollar amount to RBC WM. Our Financial Advisors do not receive any extra compensation for selling Funds of these companies, nor do they receive additional compensation by using a specific Investment Manager, Model Provider or Envestnet in the applicable Programs. RBC WM receives payments from certain Fund companies which are used in part to offset certain administrative and operational costs that RBC WM incurs in connection with providing certain sub-accounting and sub- transfer agent services in distributing Funds and provides a financial benefit to RBC WM (“Operational Support”). These costs include sending shareholder statements, maintaining shareholder records, and performing regulatory mailings. RBC WM has a conflict of interest in utilizing firms that make payments to us over those that do not make such payments. RBC WM has a conflict of interest in choosing higher expense ratio share classes where we receive payments from Fund families to help offset certain operational costs that RBC WM incurs in connection with distributing Funds. A higher expense ratio will adversely affect investment performance. RBC WM has a conflict of interest associated with utilizing third parties that make Marketing Support and/or Operational Support payments to us because we have a financial incentive to select a third-party based on these payments. In general, Funds and ETPs of those companies that make Operational Support and/or Marketing Support payments to RBC WM have higher expense ratios than Funds and ETPs of companies that do not make such payments. The receipt of Operational and/or Marketing Support payments from a Fund company by RBC WM is one of multiple factors that RBC WM considers when deciding which Funds and share classes to offer and make available to clients. RBC WM has a conflict of interest associated with selecting a Fund share class with a higher expense ratio for which RBC WM receives Operational Support and/or Marketing Support payments and/or for which such payments are higher than from other Fund companies, instead of utilizing a share class with a lower expense ratio regardless of whether that Fund pays RBC WM lower or any Marketing Support and/or Operational Support payments or any such payments at all. RBC WM has a conflict of interest in utilizing firms/Funds that make Operational Support and/or Marketing Support payments to RBC WM over firms that do not make these payments. RBC WM has a conflict of interest in choosing higher expense ratio share classes where we receive these payments from Fund companies to help offset certain operational costs that RBC WM incurs in connection with distributing those Funds. RBC WM mitigates these conflicts of interest by not making Financial Advisors aware of the specific financial arrangements and by not providing Financial Advisors any additional compensation in connection with the receipt of these payments. These conflicts of interest are also addressed by appropriate disclosure in this brochure. For a list of Fund families from which RBC WM receives payments described herein, please see “Mutual Fund and ETF Arrangements” at www.rbcwm.com/disclosures. UIT issuers may pay for training and education programs for our financial advisors and their existing or prospective clients, for due diligence meetings, conferences, and to provide our financial advisors with other forms of compensation, including business entertainment, expense reimbursement for travel associated with these meetings and conferences, financial assistance in covering the cost of certain marketing and sales events, and small gifts. Federated Investment Counseling Federated Investment Counseling (including its Federated Hermes CW Henderson division) is an unaffiliated investment adviser registered with the SEC. As of the date of this brochure, Federated Investment Counseling (and one or more of its Investment Strategies and/or Model Portfolios, as applicable) is available for selection as an Investment Manager in Consulting Solutions and as a Model Provider in RBC UP. In addition, Federated Investment Management Company is the investment adviser for the only unaffiliated money market fund available as a Cash Sweep Option for advisory clients. The Federated Hermes Treasury Obligations Fund (TOAXX) is the Cash Sweep Option RBC WM makes available to qualified Retirement Accounts and is a secondary Cash Sweep Option for non-qualified Retirement Accounts in RBC Insured Deposits. Cash balances in accounts managed by Federated Investment Counseling as Investment Manager in Consulting Solutions or invested in a Federated Investment Counseling Model Portfolio in RBC UP, will be invested in any such client’s selected Cash Sweep Option, which may be the Federated Hermes Treasury Obligations Fund (TOAXX). As discussed in Item 4, clients pay the Program Fee on the total value of the assets in their Program account, including cash balances. As a result, you should be aware that if Federated Investment Counseling is the discretionary Investment Manager for your Consulting Solutions account, or the Model Provider that delivers its Model Portfolio in which your RBC UP account is invested, you will pay Federated Investment Counseling advisory fees on all assets, including cash balances. If the Cash Sweep Option for your Program account is the Federated Hermes Treasury Obligations Fund (TOAXX), you will also pay Federated Hermes applicable money market mutual fund fees and expenses on these same cash balances, as described above in the section titled “Cash Balances and the Cash Sweep Program.” RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 40 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading Code of Ethics and Personal Trading RBC WM has adopted an Investment Adviser Code of Ethics (the “IA Code of Ethics”) in accordance with Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act, which applies to all RBC WM employees, contingent workers, contract workers and interns (“Covered Persons”), with limited exceptions. The IA Code of Ethics sets forth the standards of business conduct applicable to RBC WM and its Covered Persons (i.e., to act with integrity, honesty, and professionalism and to always act in the best interests of our clients) and is designed to ensure that RBC WM and its Covered Persons comply with applicable federal and state securities laws and regulations. The IA Code of Ethics also highlights that as an investment adviser and fiduciary, the Firm and its’ Covered Persons have an affirmative duty to always act in the best interest of our advisory clients which means their interests must always come first. This means that when acting in an investment advisory capacity, Covered Persons are responsible to: (i) put client interests before their own; (ii) act with utmost good faith; (iii) provide full and fair disclosure of all material facts; (iv) not mislead clients; and (v) disclose all potential, perceived, and/or actual conflicts of interest to clients. The IA Code of Ethics also includes guidelines regarding personal securities transactions of, and the maintenance of personal securities accounts by, its’ Covered Persons (with the exception of interns) in accordance with the Firm’s policies on outside securities accounts, employee/employee-related accounts, and the personal trading policy specific to Financial Advisors in the Portfolio Focus Program (which contains additional requirements and restrictions on such Financial Advisors with respect to personal securities trading in employee and employee-related accounts). More specifically, the IA Code of Ethics outlines the Firm requirements contained in such policies, including that Covered Persons and their immediate family members (i) maintain their personal securities accounts and accounts in which they have a beneficial interest at RBC WM, unless the Firm has given its prior express written permission to open and/or maintain an account outside of RBC WM, (ii) report their personal securities transactions and holdings to RBC WM, and (iii) obtain pre-approval for investments in private placements and initial public offerings, among others. In addition, the IA Code of Ethics also contains information on standards relating to prohibited and illegal activities associated with the possession of material non-public information (e.g., further disclosure, trading), the administration and enforcement of the IA Code of Ethics, and maintenance of certain records relating to the IA Code of Ethics. As part of RBC WM’s annual Compliance questionnaire process, Covered Persons are required to certify to their receipt and review of, and compliance with, the IA Code of Ethics. A copy of the IA Code of Ethics is available to clients or prospective clients upon request. Participation or Interest in Client Transactions As a full-service broker-dealer, on an ongoing basis and as permitted by applicable law, we may, when appropriate: • act as broker or agent, effect securities transactions for compensation for you; • recommend to you that you buy or sell securities or investment products in which we or a related person or a family member of an employee has some financial interest; • buy or sell for ourselves securities that we also recommend to you; or • sell or convert Fund shares or other unbilled assets, which will subject proceeds to the Program Fee. We have adopted internal policies and procedures with respect to conflicts of interest between us and our clients. Pursuant to these policies and procedures, we, when engaging in the activities enumerated above, treat your orders fairly and do not give our own orders preference over your orders. As required by applicable law and/or exchange rules, including, but not limited to, the Advisers Act, we obtain the consent of affected clients in advance of any transactions in which we will be engaging in the activities referenced above. When we engage in the activities referenced above, all statements and/ or confirmations of such transactions contain the disclosures required by applicable law and exchange rules. Securities activities are monitored daily to detect and prevent employees from trading ahead of client accounts. RBC WM and its affiliates are not obligated to effect any transaction that they believe would violate federal or state law, or the regulations of any regulatory or self-regulatory body. Principal Transactions We generally will not purchase a security from or sell a security to a client advisory account from our own account (as “principal”). In the very limited circumstances that we permit executing a trade as principal in non-retirement accounts, we are paid by marking the price up or down and we retain that difference, which is a benefit to us and a conflict of interest. We mitigate this conflict of interest in our Programs by prohibiting principal trades in advisory accounts where we direct the trade (other than certain trade corrections) except where all of the following are true: 1) there is no additional compensation to your Financial Advisor as a result of the principal trade; 2) the security price can be determined at the time of the trade; 3) in accordance with applicable law, rule or regulation, we obtain your prior written consent to engage in the principal trade transaction; and 4) we obtain a competing bid or offer for the transaction where one is available. In Consulting Solutions and MAP, we permit third-party Investment Managers to direct trades with RBC CM’s institutional trade desk on behalf of non- RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 41 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  retirement accounts. You will receive a trade confirmation notice for each such principal trade disclosing that we acted in a principal capacity, even if you have elected to suppress trade confirmations. Agency Cross Transactions Agency cross trades and internal cross trades are generally prohibited for Program accounts. For MAP, it shall be your responsibility to so limit each Investment Manager with respect to any broker or dealer other than RBC CM. Best Execution It is the duty of the entity with brokerage discretion under a Program to seek the best net price and execution on securities trades for client accounts. If we sell a security to you or buy a security from you, we will use all reasonable efforts to ensure that you obtain the best net price and execution on the purchase or sale based on prevailing inter-dealer market prices. In some circumstances, the change in market price may result in a financial benefit to us. We may consider it appropriate to use our own execution services to effect purchases and sales of securities for investment advisory clients. We may receive brokerage commissions in connection with such transactions and, in accordance with Section 11(a) of the Exchange Act, may execute transactions for investment advisory accounts over which we have discretion on the floors of securities exchanges of which we are a member. Mark-ups and mark-downs charged by a dealer unaffiliated with us may be included in the price of certain transactions. Payment for Order Flow, Order Routing and Rebates For options orders, we receive payments in the form of rebates and credits. We receive payments from option market centers in return for routing exchange-listed equity and index options orders to those centers when the rebates and credits we receive from those centers are in excess of the fees that those centers charge us for such orders. Any remuneration that we receive for directing options trades to any market center will not accrue to your account. RBC WM contracts with a third-party vendor, to provide execution metrics that RBC WM uses to evaluate execution quality across various markets and firms. These payments for order flow create a conflict of interest for RBC WM as it incentivizes us to route orders to the market center that pays the most. RBC WM mitigates this conflict by making routing decisions based on the quality of execution and not payment for order flow, and by ensuring payment rates do not differ between market centers and not sharing these payments with the Financial Advisors or those involved with the execution of the order. We also mitigate these conflicts by disclosing them to you and by establishing policies and procedures that limit the value, frequency, and nature of this these types of incentives. For information with respect to RBC’s handling of customer orders, see “SEC Order Handling Disclosures” at www.rbcwm.com/disclosures. You can request a written copy of this information from your Financial Advisor. Trade Errors From time to time, inadvertent administrative errors may occur in processing transactions, resulting in one or more erroneous securities transactions for a client’s account. If this occurs in an account, the error will be corrected, and the account will be restored to the same economic position had the error never occurred. Through this process, a profit may be realized, or a loss suffered in connection with correcting this error. Neither losses nor gains realized will be passed on to the client. RBC WM will retain amounts remaining after errors are corrected. As a result, trade corrections can result in a financial benefit to RBC WM or its affiliated broker-dealers. Trade Aggregation and Allocation Your Financial Advisor may aggregate trades/orders of equity or other certain securities to be sold or purchased in accounts over which he or she has investment discretion, consistent with our duty to seek best execution for our clients. Trades/orders are aggregated and allocated in a manner that is equitable and consistent with our fiduciary duties to our clients. Each participating account receives the average price for the aggregated order. Aggregated orders may include RBC WM employee and/or employee-related accounts. An aggregated order may not receive sufficient securities to fill all of the accounts in the order. Aggregated orders that only partially fill and include both client accounts and RBC WM employee or RBC WM employee- related accounts will be allocated pro rata or randomly to the client accounts first. Only after client accounts are filled will the remainder of the partially filled aggregated order be allocated pro rata or randomly to the RBC WM employee and/ or employee-related accounts. If participating accounts are unable to be assigned shares on a pro rata basis, an unbiased and random allocation will be used. In Portfolio Focus, if an aggregated order involves fixed income securities, Financial Advisors have the option to designate which client accounts are allocated portions of the order after it has been placed. In doing so, your Financial Advisor will allocate an order based on certain factors, such as client investment objectives or available cash in an account, which will result in differential treatment of similarly positioned clients with the same objectives. In addition, the Overlay Managers have discretion to aggregate orders into a block trade and execute at an average price. Depending on the size of these orders and the liquidity of the individual security the execution of the block may occur over more than one day. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 42 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  Review of Accounts When you open a Program account, your Financial Advisor(s) and their supervisors (or supervisors’ authorized delegate) will review your account(s) to confirm the account type and that the Program and Investment Strategy are suitable and appropriate based on your Advisory Risk Profile and any other information you have provided to us for your account. As a Program client, your Financial Advisor will provide you with the opportunity to engage in periodic reviews of your account(s). These periodic reviews of your Program account(s) typically occur on an annual basis; however, our Program guidelines allow both you and/or RBC WM to extend the timing of these reviews for certain periods of time as suitable and appropriate. The RBC Advantage team conducts periodic review of your Program account(s) on a biennial basis. These reviews provide, among other things, the opportunity to evaluate and assess your individual circumstances, financial situation, and important information about your Program account(s) as it pertains to your financial goals. These reviews are an important part of your advisory relationship with us as they validate that the information you provide is complete, accurate and that your Program account(s) remain appropriate. RBC WM conducts periodic monitoring and supervisory reviews to confirm Program accounts comply with applicable Program guidelines including, but not limited to, level of trade activity, cash, security and/or sector concentration, ineligible securities, and asset allocation relative to Advisory Risk Profile. Program guidelines may change at our discretion or be waived under certain circumstances. If your investment activity or holdings deviate from our Program guidelines your Financial Advisor may make a recommendation to bring your account within the guideline. If you decide not to take the recommended action your account may be terminated from the advisory Program which will revert such account to a client- directed brokerage account, subject to standard, trade-by-trade commissions. Please note, our ongoing monitoring and review of your account(s) is not a substitute for your continued review of your account(s). You are responsible for contacting your Financial Advisor if you have questions, if any information you’ve previously provided to us has changed or if any information is inaccurate. Reports to Program Clients • Trade Confirmations and Account Statements. RBC WM will provide you with the following reports of relevant activity in an account: — trade confirmations reflecting all transactions effected with or through us (other than cash sweep transactions) unless designated otherwise by you; — Periodic account statements as described in your Client Account Agreement. In the Advisory Agreement, for accounts enrolled in any Program other than RBC Advisor, you will elect whether you wish to receive trade confirmations on a daily or monthly basis for your account(s). RBC Advisor accounts can only receive trade confirmations on a trade-by-trade daily basis. At any time, you may request a copy of the trade confirmation for transactions that appear on the monthly transaction summary statement, as well as any subsequent transaction, or previous transaction effected through RBC WM at no additional cost. If you or RBC WM terminate a Program account, RBC WM will revert the frequency of trade confirmations to daily. • Portfolio Reviews Unless you have appointed a Third-Party Custodian for your Program account(s)s, we will generally provide you with periodic reports containing information on the performance of your Program account(s) (each, a “Portfolio Review”). The Portfolio Review may include the performance of the account in terms of rate of return and compare the account’s performance to that of certain appropriate benchmarks or indices. Portfolio Reviews provide historical information regarding an account and should not be relied upon as predictive of future performance. If you utilize a Third-Party Custodian for your Program account(s) assets, you understand that you will receive more limited information and reporting, including limitations on the information included in any Portfolio Reviews which will not include the assets of Program accounts using a Third-Party Custodian. Further, any Portfolio Review and other reports or statements provided by us for your Program account(s) using a Third-Party Custodian, will be based on information provided by the Third-Party Custodian. We will use and rely on this information to perform certain activities that can include calculating the Program Fee, monitoring Program accounts in relation to their Advisory Risk Profile, and for other purposes. We are not responsible for verifying the accuracy of the information provided by any Third-Party Custodian and are not responsible for any losses or errors if caused by, or in any way related to, our reliance on such information from, and the acts or omissions of, such Third-Party Custodian with respect to the applicable Program account(s). RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 43 of 44 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25)  Client Referrals and Other Compensation We have referral agreements with independent third parties (each, a “Promoter”) whereby a Promoter will refer prospective clients to us for investment advisory services. Under one of these arrangements, we will pay the Promoter for these referrals by sharing with the Promoter a portion of the Program Fee (generally about 25%, although it can be higher than 25%, depending on facts and circumstances) that we receive from a referred client that opens an account in one of the Programs. Under a separate arrangement, we will pay the Promoter a one-time flat fee of up to $695, based on the potential level of investable assets for each referral, with such fee payable regardless of whether the referred party opens an account with us. This arrangement presents a conflict of interest for us and our Financial Advisors because it has the potential to incentivize a recommendation that such prospective clients become clients in order to recoup the cost of the referral payment. We receive referral fees from third-party or affiliated investment advisers, professional trust and estate settlement service providers, lending institutions, for successful client referrals made by our Financial Advisors. The professional trust and estate settlement service provider or lending institution pays a referral fee pursuant to a referral agreement between us and the professional trust and estate settlement service provider or lending institution. The investment adviser shares a portion of the advisory fee it receives from the client with us pursuant to a referral agreement between us and the investment adviser. In the case where a Financial Advisor receives compensation for a client referral, there is a monetary incentive for us and the Financial Advisor to recommend that party over other parties that do not pay us and the Financial Advisor referral compensation. With referrals to affiliates, our firm may be subject to pressure from those affiliates to protect their business interests. This pressure creates a conflict of interest because it incentivizes us to make recommendations to you, or refrain from making recommendations to you, in a manner which best protects those business interests. Our Financial Advisors are eligible to receive compensation for referrals of clients and prospects to CNB or its subsidiary RBC Trust, for certain banking and trust products and services. However, CNB or RBC Trust may not be the lowest cost service provider to which our Financial Advisors could refer you. Compensation in the form of a production credit will be awarded to the Financial Advisor based on the type of banking product and service selected. This credit is calculated as a percentage of the net revenue generated by the relationship and/or originated mortgage amount over a set period that varies by product. The Financial Advisor’s receipt of referral compensation creates a conflict of interest because it provides an incentive for the Financial Advisor to refer clients to CNB or RBC Trust as opposed to other service providers that do not pay for such referrals. An RBC WM employee or an affiliate may also refer a client to an RBC WM Financial Advisor. As an incentive, the referring employee will receive a percentage, or a portion of the fees paid by the client for selected services. In addition, Financial Advisors are eligible to receive a one-time payment to refer existing client accounts to the RBC Advantage team. The referring employee’s role in the ongoing client relationship, if any, will vary depending on each client’s particular situation. The amount of the referral fee paid to us by a third-party investment adviser or by us to an employee providing a referral varies depending on the facts and circumstances. The client acknowledges the referral fee arrangement by signing the investment adviser’s consent and disclosure document. Financial Information We are not required to include a balance sheet in this brochure because we do not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six months or more in advance. We do not have any financial conditions that are reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet our contractual commitments to clients. RBC CM, RBC WM and their predecessors have not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition during the past 10 years. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 44 of 44 © 2025 RBC Wealth Management, a division of RBC Capital Markets, LLC, registered investment adviser and Member NYSE/FINRA/SIPC. All rights reserved. 25-25-3448900_25213 (09/25) 

RBC Advisory Programs Form ADV, Part 2A Appendix 1, Wrap Fee Programs Brochure September 30, 2025 This wrap fee program brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of RBC Wealth Management (“RBC WM”), a division of RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“RBC CM”). If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at (800) 759-4029. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any state securities authority. Additional information about RBC CM and RBC WM is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Registration with the SEC does not imply a certain level of skill or training. The investment advisory services described in this brochure and offered through RBC WM are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) or any other government agency, are not a deposit or other obligation of, or guaranteed by, RBC WM, RBC CM, or any bank or bank affiliates, and are subject to investment risks, including possible loss of the principal amount invested. RBC Clearing & Custody 250 Nicollet Mall | Minneapolis, MN 55401-1931 (800) 759-4029 | www.rbcclearingandcustody.com PLEASE RETAIN A COPY OF THIS DOCUMENT FOR YOUR RECORDS Investment and insurance products are not insured by the FDIC or any other federal government agency, are not deposits or other obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank or any bank affiliate, and are subject to investment risks, including possible loss of the principal amount invested. A division of RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Member NYSE/FINRA/SIPC. 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25) HNW_NRG_B_Inset_NoMask_GS_Op2 ITEM 2: MATERIAL CHANGES This Form ADV Part 2A wrap fee programs disclosure brochure (the “Brochure“), dated September 30, 2025, contains the following material changes and other updates from the previously amended Brochure dated March 31, 2025. For more details on any specific update, please see the item in this Brochure referred to in the summary below. • Item 4, section titled “Securities Based Lending” has been updated to include RBC Bank, an affiliate of RBC CM, as a lender in the RBC Credit Access Line lending program and the conflicts of interest associated with this relationship. • In Item 4, section titled “Services Fees and Compensation” and Item 6, section titled “Risk of Loss” we added language regarding interval funds, including but not limited to, a definition of interval funds, Program eligibility criteria, and certain risks associated with investing in such funds. • Item 4, section previously titled “Compensation to Financial Professionals” has been retitled to “Compensation to Introducing Firm and its Financial Professionals”. • Item 5, section titled “Account Requirements and Types of Clients” we have updated our disclosure regarding QPAM status for ERISA clients. In 2025, the Department of Labor granted RBC an exemption providing longer-term relief, which is effective from August 12, 2025 through March 4, 2030. • Item 6, section titled “Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management” has been updated to disclose certain funds in our Programs may be subject to performance-based fees and/or expenses imposed by and paid to the fund manager. • Item 9, section titled “Material Relationships with Related Persons” we describe the conflicts of interest that arise from multiple affiliated entities engaging in different business activities. • Item 9, section titled “Other Material Relationships” we have added new language pertaining to compensation and benefits provided by unit investment trust (“UIT”) & issuers to RBC CM and its financial professionals, including, but not limited to, paying for RBC CM financial professionals to attend training and educational programs. • Item 9, section titled “Payment for Order Flow, Order Routing and Rebates” has been updated to include additional details on how we mitigate conflicts of interest when selecting option market centers for order routing. • Item 9, the section titled “Disciplinary Information” has been updated with the following new disciplinary event: In June 2025, RBC CM entered into a settlement (the “Settlement”) with the Securities Division of the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts regarding allegations that RBC CM charged unreasonable commission for certain equity transactions, and did not reasonably supervise these transactions, in violation of § 204(a) (2)(J) of the Massachusetts Uniform Securities Act. RBC CM agreed to pay restitution in an amount no less than $113,295.06, plus 6% compounded interest, to affected Massachusetts customers. RBC CM also agreed to provide restitution, plus 6% compounded interest, to affected customers of other jurisdictions that agree to the terms of an agreement (“Term Sheet”) between RBC CM and a multi-state group, including Massachusetts, executed contemporaneously with the Settlement. RBC CM agreed to pay an administrative fine in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,095,000 to the jurisdictions agreeing to the terms of the Term Sheet, which includes $25,000 to be paid to Massachusetts. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 2 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  ITEM 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM 1: COVER PAGE .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 ITEM 2: MATERIAL CHANGES ................................................................................................................................................................. 2 ITEM 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 ITEM 4: SERVICES, FEES AND COMPENSATION ................................................................................................................................... 4 Services ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Advisory Programs .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 RBC Advisor Program ................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 RBC Unified Portfolio Program .................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Consulting Solutions Program ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Other Disclosures Relating to the Programs ................................................................................................................................................. 9 Funding Program Accounts ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Withdrawals from Program Accounts .......................................................................................................................................................... 9 Eligible Investments; Fund Share Class Selection ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Cash Balances and the Cash Sweep Program ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Harvesting Gains or Losses ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Securities-Based Lending ......................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Fees and Compensation ................................................................................................................................................................................ 14 Fees .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Calculation of Program Fees; Valuation of Account Assets ....................................................................................................................... 15 Payment of Program Fee .......................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Offset of Certain Fees to Retirement Accounts ......................................................................................................................................... 16 Comparing Costs ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 17 Additional Fees and Expenses ...................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Compensation to Introducing Firms and its Financial Professionals ....................................................................................................... 19 ITEM 5: ACCOUNT REQUIREMENTS AND TYPES OF CLIENTS ........................................................................................................... 20 ITEM 6: PORTFOLIO MANAGER SELECTION AND EVALUATION ........................................................................................................ 20 Selection of Investment Managers and Model Providers ........................................................................................................................... 20 Monitoring and Review of Investment Managers and Model Providers .................................................................................................... 21 Removal of an Investment Manager, Model Provider or Fund .................................................................................................................. 21 Related Persons as Investment Manager, Model Provider, and/or Overlay Manager, and Associated Conflicts of Interest ............... 22 RBC CM Acting as Portfolio Manager ........................................................................................................................................................... 23 Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management ....................................................................................................................... 23 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss .................................................................................................................. 23 Voting Client Securities (Proxy Voting) ...................................................................................................................................................... 26 ITEM 7: CLIENT INFORMATION PROVIDED TO PORTFOLIO MANAGERS .......................................................................................... 27 ITEM 8: CLIENT CONTACT WITH PORTFOLIO MANAGERS ................................................................................................................. 27 ITEM 9: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 28 Disciplinary Information ................................................................................................................................................................................ 28 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations .................................................................................................................................... 31 Broker-Dealer Registrations ...................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Futures/Commodities-Related Registrations ............................................................................................................................................. 31 Material Relationships with Related Persons ............................................................................................................................................ 31 Other Material Relationships ..................................................................................................................................................................... 33 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading .......................................................................... 34 Code of Ethics and Personal Trading ........................................................................................................................................................ 34 Participation or Interest in Client Transactions ......................................................................................................................................... 34 Review of Accounts ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 35 Financial Information .................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 3 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  ITEM 4: SERVICES, FEES AND COMPENSATION RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“RBC CM”), an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of the Royal Bank of Canada (“RBC”), is a registered investment adviser and broker-dealer with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), and other major securities exchanges. RBC CM, through its RBC Wealth Management (“RBC WM”) division, offers clients (“you” or “your”) products and services in its capacity as investment adviser, including portfolio management, and as sponsor of various wrap fee advisory programs. RBC CM, through its RBC Clearing and Custody division (“RBC C&C”), offers clearing and custody services to broker- dealers and registered investment advisers, and as applicable, their affiliates, (collectively, the “Introducing Firms”). These Introducing Firms have entered into an agreement with us whereby RBC CM makes available certain of RBC WM’s advisory programs to such Introducing Firms for recommendation to their clients as they deem suitable and appropriate. For purposes of this brochure, RBC CM and RBC WM will collectively be referred to as “RBC CM,” the “Firm,” “we,” “us,” or “our.” You engage with an Introducing Firm to provide investment advisory and other services to you. The Introducing Firm’s “Financial Professionals” (each, a “Financial Professional”) may offer one or more of the following RBC CM-sponsored advisory programs: RBC Advisor, RBC Unified Portfolio (“RBC UP”), and Consulting Solutions, (each, a “Program,” and collectively, the “Programs”). The Programs are customized advisory programs whereby Program services are provided pursuant to your investment advisory agreement(s) with RBC CM and the Introducing Firm, as described below. This brochure describes the advisory services provided in the Programs, the fees you will pay, our role in relation to that of the Introducing Firm, other business activities and financial industry affiliations of the Firm, and the economic and other arrangements we have that create conflicts of interest. This brochure describes the Programs as they are intended to be used by Introducing Firms with their clients. It is important to note, however, that RBC CM, including its affiliates, is not responsible for the Introducing Firm’s compliance program including with respect to their responsibilities in use of the Programs. As such, while RBC CM provides access to the general structure and investment options of the Programs to Introducing Firms and their clients, all responsibility related to determining suitability and providing investment advice and recommendations that are in your fiduciary best interest (e.g., recommending an advisory account, a specific Program, an investment strategy, specific investment vehicle, and/or an investment manager, etc.), in accordance with the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (“Advisers Act”), lies with the Introducing Firm, its Financial Professionals, and you, as a client of such Introducing Firm. RBC CM provides the Program services under a “wrap fee” arrangement. This means that in addition to the discretionary or non-discretionary investment advisory services that RBC CM provides in connection with each Program, RBC CM, in its capacity as broker-dealer, also provides certain trade execution, custody, and other brokerage services for a single wrap fee. A description of services and fees that are included in, and excluded from, the fee payable to RBC CM and/or the Introducing Firm for the Programs is included in the Advisory Agreement, as described below. It is the responsibility of the Introducing Firm’s Financial Professional(s) to work with you to analyze and define your investment objectives and needs to develop and/or select an investment strategy. In this brochure, the term “Investment Manager” refers to a client’s discretionary investment adviser, which for certain Programs may be RBC CM or its affiliates, including (but not limited to) RBC Global Asset Management (U.S.) Inc. (“RBC GAM-US”) or in RBC UP, the “Overlay Manager” which is either RBC CM or Envestnet Asset Management, Inc. (“Envestnet”) as further described below. The term “Model Provider” refers to the non-discretionary investment advisers (affiliated and unaffiliated) that provide their model portfolio(s) (each, a “Model Portfolio”) for implementation in RBC UP. When used in this brochure, the term “Funds” includes open-end mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), exchange- traded notes (“ETNs”), and interval funds, unless otherwise specified. Interval funds are a type of closed-end mutual fund that does not trade on a secondary market. Rather, the fund only provides periodic offers to repurchase a limited number of shares. As a result, shareholders may not have access to the invested assets for extended periods of time. Refer to the Interval Fund Disclosure for more information. For purposes of this brochure, the term “Retirement Account” will be used to cover (i) “employee benefit plans” (as defined under Section 3(3) of Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), which include pension, defined contribution, profit-sharing and welfare plans sponsored by private employers, as well as similar arrangements sponsored by governmental or other public employers which are generally not subject to ERISA; and (ii) individual retirement accounts (each, an “IRA”) as described in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). RBC CM does not act as a fiduciary for any Introducing Firm client’s Retirement Account subject to ERISA or the Code, except in its capacity as Overlay Manager, if applicable. The Form ADV Part 2A brochure for each Investment Manager, Model Provider, and the third-party Overlay Manager available in applicable Programs is also available at the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 4 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  Assets Under Management As of June 30, 2025, we had $287,281,889,976 in assets under management, $216,033,225,323 of which was managed on a discretionary basis and $71,248,664,653 of which was managed on a non-discretionary basis. Services To open and enroll an account in any of the Programs described herein, clients and their Introducing Firm are required to enter into a written investment advisory agreement with RBC CM known as the “Advisory Master Services Agreement.” RBC CM discontinued the use of its pre-existing “Single Program Agreement” for opening new Program accounts (but some existing Program accounts may have been opened using that Single Program Agreement). The Single Program Agreement and the Advisory Master Services Agreement shall be collectively referred to herein as the “Advisory Agreement.” As discussed in Item 5, the Advisory Agreement governs the terms of a client’s current and future investment advisory account(s) and relationships with RBC CM and outlines the services to be provided to the client’s account(s) in a Program. As part of the advisory account opening process, Introducing Firms are responsible for working with their clients to determine their risk profile, which is intended to encompass the client’s risk tolerance, investment objective(s), investment time horizon, and financial situation (when referred to collectively, the “Advisory Risk Profile”). Introducing Firms provide Advisory Risk Profiles to RBC CM. It is each client’s responsibility to verify that the information they provide to their Introducing Firm is, and continues to be, complete and accurate, and to notify their Financial Professional and/or Introducing Firm promptly if any of their information and circumstances change. Based on the Advisory Risk Profile and other client information provided to the Financial Professional during the account opening process, each client will work with their Financial Professional to select a Program. The Introducing Firm is responsible for providing instructions to RBC CM regarding client enrollment and investment decisions. RBC CM has no discretionary authority to select a Program, strategy, or services on behalf of clients. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, and as further discussed below, clients pay a quarterly, asset-based, wrap fee (the “Program Fee”) for investment advisory, brokerage execution, and other services rendered under a Program, to the Introducing Firm and RBC CM, typically based on the value of their accounts regardless of the number of trades placed. In certain circumstances, a client’s Introducing Firm or RBC CM may require the client to sign additional documentation relating to Program Fee. The services generally covered by the Program Fee include the investment advisory services provided by the Introducing Firm, and Program management services provided by RBC CM (and depending on the Program, investment advisory services provided by the Investment Manager, Model Provider, and/or Overlay Manager), as well as trade execution, clearing, custody, and other administrative and account reporting services provided by RBC CM. Please see the detailed discussion of fees and other costs below under “Fees and Compensation” in Item 4. Reasonable Investment Restrictions For all Programs except RBC Advisor (a non-discretionary Program, described below), clients can request that certain reasonable investment restrictions be placed on the management of their Program account(s). Reasonable investment restrictions include restrictions on the purchase and/or sale of certain securities or categories of securities related to a financial sector or industry (e.g., fossil fuels, tobacco). Such restrictions are subject to acceptance by Introducing Firm, RBC CM, and, where applicable, the Investment Manager(s) and/or the Overlay Manager as reasonable, in each of their sole discretion. It should be noted that any reasonable investment restrictions will not apply to the underlying portfolio of any Fund, UIT, the sub-accounts of annuities, or other similar securities that are held or purchased in a Program account. When an account terminates from a Program and reverts to a commission-based brokerage account, any previously accepted, client-imposed investment restrictions for that account will also terminate and will no longer be applicable to the account as a brokerage account outside of the Programs. Where reasonable investment restrictions have been accepted, they can be implemented in various ways, including, but not limited to, increasing the relative proportions of other securities in a portfolio to replace the restricted securities and/ or selecting alternate securities. Any investment restrictions clients impose on the management of their Program account(s) can limit the Introducing Firm’s, the Investment Manager’s, and/or the Overlay Manager’s ability to make investments or take advantage of opportunities. Clients are responsible for notifying their Financial Professional, who will in turn notify RBC CM, of any changes to their investment restrictions. If applicable, RBC CM will then notify the Overlay Manager or Investment Manager of any changes to the investment restrictions. Custody RBC CM will act as custodian for the assets and securities held in Program account(s). RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 5 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  Advisory Programs RBC Advisor Program RBC Advisor is a non-discretionary, investment advisory Program where you receive ongoing investment advice and recommendations from your Financial Professional but retain final decision-making authority over the investing activity in your accounts. In RBC Advisor, your Introducing Firms is responsible for working with you to determine a suitable investment strategy that’s consistent with your Advisory Risk Profile. You are responsible for approving your selected investment strategy. RBC CM determines which securities are eligible for recommendation in the RBC Advisor Program, which include equities, fixed income, Funds and/or other investments. In identifying and selecting eligible investments, we use various sources of information including, but not limited to, data provided by unaffiliated third parties, research materials, prospectuses, financial publications, and other public filings and reports. Because you exclusively receive investment advice through your Introducing Firm and its Financial Professional(s), RBC CM does not assume responsibility for the performance of the securities selected by you or your Financial Professional, or for the conduct or particular recommendations made by your Introducing Firms or its Financial Professionals. For more information regarding the investment advisory services provided by your Introducing Firm, please contact your Financial Professional and/or refer to your Introducing Firm’s Form ADV 2A Brochure. As further discussed below in “Fund Share Class Selection; Eligibility and Classification of Certain Investments” in Item 4, while RBC CM has no discretionary authority with respect to RBC Advisor accounts, if you have transferred in a Fund share class that is not eligible for the Program, RBC CM can convert the ineligible Fund share class to an eligible share class of the same Fund without notification to you. Certain annuities for which you have paid a commission, may appear on your account statement for informational purposes only. In such cases, these annuities are not considered advisory assets covered under the Advisory Agreement and are not subject to the Program Fee. RBC Unified Portfolio Program The RBC UP Program is a “unified managed account” Program in which a single client account can invest in all or some of the following investment products (each, an “Investment Product”), which may or may not be affiliated with RBC CM: eligible Funds (excluding interval funds), close-end funds, and/or Model Portfolios managed and provided by Model Providers. The different Investment Products are held in “sleeves” (each, a “Sleeve”) in a single RBC UP account and managed on a discretionary basis by the “Overlay Manager.” The Overlay Manager for an RBC UP account will either be RBC CM or Envestnet, a third-party portfolio manager that is not affiliated with RBC CM. In addition to providing discretionary account management, each Overlay Manager provides portfolio implementation, coordination, and other services as specified below. This discretionary authority includes the authority to implement any Model Portfolio(s) and/or other Investment Products you have selected for your RBC UP account, subject to any reasonable investment restrictions you have requested, and which have been accepted by your Introducing Firm and the Overlay Manager. Neither your Financial Professional nor RBC CM when RBC CM is not the Overlay Manager, have discretionary authority with respect to RBC UP accounts. The Overlay Manager for your RBC UP account will be determined by the specific services you elect to receive in the Program. If you elect tax management services (“Tax Management”) and/or responsible investing screens services (“Screens”), each as further described below, your account will be managed by Envestnet as Overlay Manager. If you do not select Tax Management or Screens, your account will be managed by RBC CM as Overlay Manager. Recommendation of Investment Strategy You will work with your Financial Professional to determine the investment strategy and target investment allocation for your RBC UP account. The target investment allocation for your RBC UP account will ultimately be comprised of the specific Investment Product(s) that you select from those available in the Program and a target allocation to each such Investment Product. Once you have determined the target investment allocation and selected one or more Investment Product(s) for your RBC UP account, your Financial Professional will provide the Overlay Manager with such information, and the information you provided to your Financial Professional to open and enroll your account in the Program, including any reasonable investment restrictions you have requested be placed on your account. You can change the target investment allocation and/or Investment Products for your account by notifying your Financial Professional, who will in turn notify the Overlay Manager of the change. RBC CM will send you written confirmation of such change. As further discussed below under “Eligible Investments; Fund Share Class Selection” in Item 4, if your target investment allocation includes a Fund share class we deem ineligible for the Program, we may update the allocation to include the eligible share class of the same Fund without notification to you. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 6 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  Overlay Manager Discretionary Authority If you select one or more Model Portfolios, the Overlay Manager will manage your RBC UP account in accordance with such Model Portfolios, and any updates thereto, as provided and communicated by the respective Model Providers to the Overlay Manager. The Model Providers available for selection in the Program have met RBC CM’s eligibility requirements for participation as detailed below in Item 6: “Portfolio Manager Selection and Evaluation.” The Model Portfolios and changes to the Model Portfolios are typically implemented by the Overlay Manager as soon as practicable after they are received. However, while implementing the Model Portfolio, the Overlay Manager will take into account any reasonable investment restrictions, as discussed above, or client elected services as discussed below. Additionally, reasonable delays may occur between the communication of Model Portfolio revisions and the execution of securities transactions for an account. Depending on the circumstances (including the extent to which Model Portfolios are widely distributed, the timing in which the Overlay Manager receives revisions to the Model Portfolios and acts on them, and the trading activity in the securities contained in the Model Portfolios), transactions in client accounts can be subject to significant market impact prior to execution. As a result, the implemented Model Portfolio can receive less favorable execution prices, particularly if the overall trading in the securities is large in relation to the securities’ trading volume. Rebalancing of Assets You can choose between two rebalancing frequencies (quarterly or annually) to bring an account back to its target investment allocation. The Overlay Manager will rebalance the account either quarterly or annually, per your selection, executing the trades necessary to rebalance the account as closely as practicable to your target investment allocation. The initial rebalance date will be based on the account start date. Additionally, your account may be rebalanced at any time when deemed appropriate by the Overlay Manager due to other factors that include, but are not limited to, contributions, withdrawals, and updates to a Model Portfolio. Any unscheduled rebalance of your account will reset the next rebalance date to the next quarter or a year, as applicable. If you have elected to receive Tax Management (described below), Envestnet will evaluate the trade-off between rebalancing the account and the tax consequences of any client limits. If your account is not tax-exempt, the sale, redemption, or exchange of investments may result in taxable gains or losses. We will not be liable for any tax consequences or Fund redemption fees (see the Fund’s prospectus) that result from rebalancing. Alternatively, you may elect to not have the account rebalanced, in which case the account will only be rebalanced upon request. In addition, if the Overlay Manager deems a rebalance is necessary to implement the allocation and investments selected, the Overlay Manager may rebalance your account at its discretion. In general, any contributions or withdrawals of assets to or from your account will be applied to the target investment allocation. Tax Management Tax Management is available if you are utilizing an equity or Fund Model Portfolio, or any combination thereof. If you elect Tax Management, Envestnet will develop a tax strategy for your account based on the information and instructions, including any limits, provided by you to your Financial Professional (verbally or in writing) and your Financial Professional forwards to Envestnet. Tax Management offers potential benefits and limitations, as described below. The tax strategy Envestnet develops is provided solely in connection with your account. Neither Envestnet nor RBC CM provide tax advice or tax planning services of any kind; clients are urged to consult with their own personal tax advisors for advice specific to their situation. If you elect Tax Management, please consider the following: • Tax Management is limited in scope and is not designed to eliminate taxes in the account. Envestnet can, in light of other considerations in an account, effect transactions even though they may generate tax liabilities, including short-term taxable income, or exceed any of the limits or mandates identified by the client. Envestnet makes no guarantee that tax liability in the account will be reduced or that any indicated limits or mandates will be met. • The use of limits to restrict the amount of capital gains realized can severely restrict trading in the account and could result in substantial deviations from your investment allocation, on a more than temporary basis. Limits should only be imposed on the account after you have consulted with your own personal tax advisor. The limits specified will be used annually until you instruct us and Envestnet otherwise. If you elect Tax Management, your account can perform better or worse than similarly invested accounts (including, as applicable, accounts invested in the same Model Portfolio(s)) that did not elect Tax Management. • When providing Tax Management, net short-term capital gains are avoided where possible, but net long-term capital gains are not limited. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 7 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  • If your account is funded with positions that have long-term capital gains and you have not set a long-term capital gain limit, then all long-term tax lots of securities that are not included in your equity Model Portfolio(s) will be sold, which will cause you to incur long-term capital gains. • If Fund Model Portfolios, or Envestnet’s Quantitative Portfolios, are included in your target investment allocation, existing Fund positions held in your account may be able to be retained for tax reasons, regardless of whether they are part of such Fund Model Portfolios, or Envestnet Quantitative Portfolios. The Fund positions that are retained may have a higher cost. However, if you are not invested in Fund Model Portfolios, or Envestnet Quantitative Portfolios, any existing Fund positions held in your account that are not included in your target investment allocation will be sold upon account opening regardless of tax consequences. • You may cancel Tax Management at any time. Cancelling Tax Management may result in the recognition of significant taxable capital gains or losses. If you cancel Tax Management, but your account maintains or enrolls in Screens, Envestnet will continue to act as Overlay Manager. • Significant investment allocations to certain Fund Model Portfolios may result in less effective tax management. For example, Envestnet has less flexibility in managing a client’s tax strategy where a client is invested in a Fund Model Portfolio with frequent, tactical changes, thereby making it difficult to evaluate the portfolio’s tracking error. • Accounts that include Investment Products not eligible for Tax Management (e.g., Funds, closed-end funds and/or bond Model Portfolios) may still elect Tax Management, but Tax Management will not be applied to those Investment Products. Envestnet performs an automated year-end tax loss harvest review. For accounts with Tax Management that have net realized gains for the year, securities in equity Model Portfolios are reviewed for harvesting. Starting with the largest percentage loss tax lots that are available to sell (i.e., there is no wash sale or other sale restriction on the tax lot or security), Envestnet will harvest losses until the account’s net realized gains are eliminated, or all available tax lots with losses greater than 10% are harvested. The sales proceeds are invested into other Model Portfolio holdings and/or cash. This review process typically occurs in early December and is intended to harvest losses while minimizing the impact to the integrity of the investment allocation. Envestnet’s ability to harvest losses is dependent on account circumstances and market environment, among other factors. If your account is enrolled in Tax Management, you may not separately request that Envestnet harvest gains or losses in your account. Except when Envestnet’s Quantitative Portfolios are included in your investment allocation, Envestnet will only seek to harvest losses from equity Model Portfolios and Fund Model Portfolios. Envestnet will not seek to harvest losses from Funds, closed-end funds, or bond Model Portfolios. When the equity Model Portfolios in a client’s target investment allocation are solely Envestnet’s Quantitative Portfolios, and they comprise at least 35% of the client’s total target investment allocation, the client can select Envestnet’s “Portfolio Diversification Solution,” an additional Tax Management service. Envestnet’s “Portfolio Diversification Solution” is a Tax Management service designed to transition a client’s current holdings to their target investment allocation over a longer period of time (subject to any maximum) than might otherwise be allowed based on Envestnet’s standard tracking error thresholds. For these purposes, tracking error measures the difference between the performance of Model Portfolios when used in accounts with Tax Management and when used in accounts without Tax Management. With Envestnet’s Portfolio Diversification Solution, there are no limits on initial tracking error provided that the selected tax budgets will allow full transition to the target investment allocation within the determined time period. Tracking error will be higher at the beginning of the transition and will decline over time as capital gains are realized and the client’s investments become increasingly more in line with the target investment allocation. You should consult your own personal tax advisor before enrolling in Tax Management and providing any tax information to your Financial Professional and Envestnet. For more information on Tax Management, please refer to Envestnet’s ADV which is available upon request or at the SEC’s website: www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Responsible Investing Screens Screens are available to you if you are utilizing an equity Model Portfolio. Clients may restrict their accounts from investing in certain securities or industries by selecting Screens services for their account(s). Envestnet relies on third-party data research providers for industry and socially responsible classifications of individual securities, and Envestnet and RBC CM make no guarantee as to the accuracy of such third parties’ classification. The third-party data research providers of these classifications apply different definitions and criteria from other similar providers, which can generate different responsible investing ratings that, when applied, could result in the restriction of different securities (i.e., there is no single industry definition or uniformly applied criteria that inform the Screens). If a third-party data research provider changes the classification of an individual security, Envestnet will make reasonable efforts to implement those changes in a timely manner. Envestnet may implement restrictions by, for example, increasing the relative proportions of other securities to replace the restricted securities and/or selecting alternate securities. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 8 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  Many of the Screens have both a “Best in Class” and “Strict” restriction. Best in Class restrictions are designed for investors seeking to achieve alignment between their values and the prudent management of their investments, while Strict restrictions are designed for investors who want to integrate more stringent environmental/social criteria into their investments by minimizing exposure to companies with specific products, services, and/or operations that do not meet the investor’s personal values criteria. Account holders with investment allocations that include equity Model Portfolios and other Investment Products may still elect Screens, but these services will only be applied to equity Model Portfolios and not to other Investment Products in a Program account. The application of Screens can cause an account to underperform or overperform when compared to other similarly invested accounts that have not elected Screens services. Consulting Solutions Program In the Consulting Solutions Program, your Financial Professional will assist you in selecting one or more Investment Managers and one or more of their investment strategies (each an “Investment Strategy,” and collectively, “Investment Strategies”) from those RBC CM has made available in this Program. Upon consultation with you, your Financial Professional will provide you with recommendations regarding Investment Managers and their Investment Strategy or Investment Strategies that they believe are suitable and consistent with your Advisory Risk Profile. The Investment Managers made available to clients through this Program include both RBC CM affiliated and non-affiliated Investment Managers who meet the Firm’s eligibility requirements for participation as detailed below in Item 6: “Portfolio Manager Selection and Evaluation.” In Consulting Solutions, you are responsible for the ultimate selection of the Investment Manager and Investment Strategy. The Investment Manager has discretionary authority over your account and will implement the investment decisions for your account in accordance with the Investment Strategy that you have selected, subject to any investment restrictions you have requested, and which has been accepted by the Investment Manager. In the Consulting Solutions Program, the Advisory Agreement that you sign is between you, your Introducing Firm, and RBC CM; you do not sign a separate agreement with the Investment Manager. Other Disclosures Relating to the Programs The following disclosures generally apply to all the Programs, unless noted otherwise. Funding Program Accounts You can fund your Program accounts at any time by depositing cash and/or securities acceptable to RBC CM (subject, for Retirement Accounts, to any limitations imposed under the retirement plan documents, ERISA, or the Code, as applicable). The investment of assets in a Program account will only occur when all operational requirements have been met. Deposits of cash and/or securities into Consulting Solutions or RBC UP accounts will be invested by the Investment Manager or the Overlay Manager, as applicable, as soon as reasonably practicable. The management of a new Program account will begin after RBC CM has accepted the account into a Program and, as applicable, after the Investment Manager or Overlay Manager has accepted the account. At the time of Program enrollment, account acceptance could be delayed or rejected if the account is underfunded, funded with ineligible securities, and/ or for other operational reasons. If you fund your Consulting Solutions or RBC UP account with securities, the Investment Manager or Overlay Manager (which may be RBC CM), as applicable, will liquidate the securities on your behalf, or request that Introducing Firm liquidate the securities on your behalf, and allocate the proceeds in accordance with the Investment Strategy or Investment Products you have selected. Depending on the type of security involved, liquidation may result in redemption charges and taxable gains or losses. RBC CM will not be liable for any lost opportunity profits that may result in investing or liquidating deposits. Withdrawals from Program Accounts Withdrawals from a Program account will be taken from cash balances in your Cash Sweep Option or other available cash balances, if available. If the liquidation of securities is required, trades will be implemented as soon as practicable, although they may be delayed depending on market volatility and/or the Program or security types for which your account is invested. Frequent withdrawals from your Program account may affect the performance and the investment objective of your account. Taxable gains and losses may be realized as result of your withdrawal instructions. RBW CM reserves the right to terminate the Program account if a withdrawal or series of withdrawals results in the Program assets falling below the Program minimums. Eligible Investments; Fund Share Class Selection Your Introducing Firm and/or RBC CM may restrict the purchase or holding of certain investments in Program accounts. If a Program account is funded with investments deemed to be ineligible, the Introducing Firm and/or RBC CM as Overlay Manager will generally liquidate such investments, or in the case of Funds, RBC CM will convert such investments to an RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 9 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  eligible share class of the same Fund without notice to you. Alternatively, you may instruct your Introducing Firm to move such investments to an eligible account. Your account may incur certain transaction charges as a result. Funds In identifying and selecting Funds eligible in the Programs, we may use many sources of information and analysis about Funds, including data provided by third parties. We determine which Fund share classes are available in the Programs based on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, availability, eligibility requirements, and payment of Operational Support and/or Marketing Support to us (as described below in the “Fund Fees and Expenses” section). We do not always make the lowest cost share class available to you. Lower cost share classes may be available to you elsewhere, including, but not limited to, through other broker-dealers to which RBC CM provides clearing, custody, and execution services. Where RBC CM offers a lower cost share class than the designated eligible share class for the Programs, in certain circumstances, RBC CM may grant exceptions for clients to hold their existing share class and for institutional clients to purchase the lower cost share class option. Thus, a broad array of Funds is available in the Programs. In accordance with applicable regulations, we will make a Fund’s current prospectus accessible to you when you purchase shares of the Fund through us. If your account is not tax-exempt, the redemption or exchange of Fund shares can result in taxable gains or losses. RBC CM does not provide tax, legal or accounting advice and, therefore you should consult your own personal tax, legal or accounting advisors for such advice. We are not liable for any tax consequences or redemption fees that can result from rebalancing. For a discussion of fees and certain conflicts of interest associated with Fund share class selection, please see the section below titled, “Fund Fees and Expenses.” Cash Balances and the Cash Sweep Program Events such as deposits, the sale of securities, and/or other similar activity can generate uninvested cash balances in your account. Pursuant to your brokerage account agreement with RBC CM (the “Customer Account Agreement”), you have the option to have uninvested cash balances in your account(s) automatically deposited, on a daily basis, into an interest- bearing deposit account, a specified money market mutual fund, or a non-sweep cash investment alternative (each, a “Cash Sweep Option,” and collectively, the “Cash Sweep Options”). Upon notice to you, RBC CM may add, remove, or change the Cash Sweep Options available to you through the Cash Sweep Program (hereinafter, the “Cash Sweep Program”). As discussed below, the different available Cash Sweep Options are subject to eligibility requirements and restrictions. You should review your Customer Account Agreement and related Cash Sweep disclosures for details regarding the Cash Sweep Options. For additional information and disclosures on the Cash Sweep Options discussed here, refer to the links under “Cash Management” on our public website at www.rbcclearingandcustody.com/disclosures. The Cash Sweep Options available to you will depend, in part, on the type of account you have opened. You should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the Cash Sweep Option(s) available to you before selecting that option. Please read any related disclosures, including prospectuses (as applicable), carefully before investing to make sure the Cash Sweep Option is appropriate for your goals and risk tolerance. Non-Retirement Accounts Cash held in non-retirement accounts will be swept into the Cash Sweep Option you choose. The available Cash Sweep Options for non-retirement accounts are: • RBC Insured Deposits. RBC Insured Deposits is a Cash Sweep Option that automatically deposits, or “sweeps,” available cash balances in your Program account into interest-bearing deposit accounts (“Deposit Accounts”) established for you at participating depository institutions (“Program Banks”), whose deposits are insured by the FDIC up to applicable limits, subject to bank capacity. The Program Banks include unaffiliated, third-party banks and two affiliated banks, RBC Bank (Georgia), N.A. (“RBC Bank”) and City National Bank (“CNB”) (together, “RBC Affiliate Banks” or “Affiliate Banks”). Funds in RBC Insured Deposits are not subject to market risk and potential value loss, but they are subject to the risk of a Program Bank’s failure. RBC CM is not an FDIC-insured depository institution. FDIC insurance available in RBC Insured Deposits is subject to certain conditions and FDIC insurance only protects against the failure of a bank. A list of Program Banks is available at www.rbcclearingandcustody.com/rbc-insured-deposits-program-banks. The RBC Insured Deposits terms and conditions are available at www.rbcclearingandcustody.com/rbc-insured-deposits. More information regarding FDIC insurance is available at http://www.fdic.gov. In the event a Program Bank fails, deposits at each Program Bank are eligible for FDIC coverage up to applicable limits. However, deposits at each Program Bank are not protected by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”) or any excess coverage purchased by RBC CM. Cash balances in RBC Insured Deposits in excess of applicable limits are swept into one or more other banks (“Excess Banks”), which will accept funds without limitation and without regard to the FDIC limit, which may be RBC Affiliate Banks. Currently, the primary Excess Bank is CNB. • GAM Money Market Fund. A money market fund managed by our affiliate, RBC GAM - U.S., (“GAM Money Market Fund”) subject to eligibility and applicable minimum amounts; or RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 10 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  • Credit Interest Program. The Credit Interest Program is a non-sweep cash alternative and represents our direct obligation to repay the invested amount, on demand, plus interest. We invest and use Credit Interest Program assets as free credit balances for our benefit, and we periodically adjust the interest rate payable on Credit Interest Program accounts. We use these funds in the ordinary course of our brokerage business, subject to the requirements of Rule 15c3- 3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The difference between amounts earned by us from our investments and the rate we pay to Credit Interest Program account holders is our profit. Cash invested in the Credit Interest Program is protected by SIPC up to $250,000 per account on claims for cash. SIPC protects against the custodial risk (and not a decline in market value) when a brokerage firm fails by replacing missing cash up to the $250,000 limit. Retirement Accounts Cash balances held in Retirement Accounts will be swept into an unaffiliated money market fund, the Federated Hermes Treasury Obligations Fund (the “Federated Money Market Fund”) You may access the most recent Federated Money Market Fund prospectus by contacting your Financial Professional or by accessing Federated Investment Management Company’s website at www.federatedinvestors.com/products/mutual-funds/treasury-obligations/as.do. Money Market Funds As described above, the money market funds offered in the Cash Sweep Program are the GAM Money Market Fund and the Federated Money Market Fund. Money market funds will usually pay a higher rate of interest on cash balances than RBC Insured Deposits or the Credit Interest Program. Other financial institutions may offer cash sweep options that pay you a higher rate of interest than is available under the Cash Sweep Program. You can also receive higher rates on cash balances outside of the Cash Sweep Program by investing directly in money market funds or other cash alternatives; such investments must be directed by you and will not be invested automatically. For more information about the Cash Sweep Options available to you, please refer to your Customer Account Agreement, which can be found at www.rbcclearingandcustody.com/ en-us/legal/, and/or the prospectuses of the Federated Money Market Fund and/or GAM Money Market Fund. Interest Rates Interest rates are determined based on the total client account RBC Insured Deposits balance. Balances are reviewed daily to determine the appropriate interest rate tier for each account. Current RBC Insured Deposits interest rates are set forth on our public website under “Program Interest Rates” at www.rbcclearingandcustody.com/rbc-insured-deposits. Interest rates are variable and subject to change without notice. Cash Sweep Program Conflicts of Interest RBC CM has a conflict of interest in offering the Cash Sweep Options because RBC CM and/or its affiliates will receive compensation or benefits from cash balances swept to these Cash Sweep Options, in addition to the Program Fee assessed on Program accounts. This conflict of interest is greater when higher cash balances are maintained in your account. This creates an incentive for RBC CM to offer these Cash Sweep Options and to encourage deposits in these specific Cash Sweep Options. • RBC Affiliate Banks. Our Cash Sweep Options create a conflict of interest for us because we have an incentive for you to maintain and direct uninvested cash in your account into Deposit Accounts at our Affiliate Banks where they use such deposits to generate additional revenue. We also receive revenue for your cash deposits directed to our Affiliate Banks through our RBC Insured Deposits program. Because the amount of interest paid to clients in RBC Insured Deposits is deducted from the revenue shared with us by our Affiliate Banks, RBC CM has a conflict of interest in that the less interest we pay you, the more revenue we earn on those assets. By being designated as the Primary Excess Bank in RBC Insured Deposits, CNB will receive substantial additional deposits to use in its business to increase its profitability. CNB earns revenue on the difference between the interest paid and other costs it incurs on deposits, and the interest or other income it earns on using deposits for loans, investments, and the purchase of other assets. • RBC Insured Deposits. For RBC Insured Deposits cash balances placed with our Affiliate Banks, including amounts that exceed total FDIC program coverage and are placed at CNB in its capacity as the primary Excess Bank, our Affiliate Banks will receive a stable source of deposits at a cost that is less than other funding sources available. Our Affiliate Banks make a profit on the difference, or “spread,” between the interest paid and other costs they incur on deposits, and the interest or other income they earn using the deposits for loans, investments, and the purchase of other assets. Our Affiliate Banks can change the interest rate they pay on deposits at any time, which will change the amount of interest you receive. In addition, RBC CM receives compensation and benefits from these amounts in the form of a per account fee paid directly to RBC CM by the Affiliate Banks. Further, RBC CM receives internal accounting credits that help us meet our internal profitability goals as reported to our mutual parent company, which positively affect the amount of bonus paid to senior executives, including branch director personnel who supervise your accounts. The fees earned by RBC CM through RBC Insured Deposits are in addition to the Program Fee paid to RBC CM. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 11 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  We address these conflicts of interest through proper disclosure and by offering clients the ability to opt-out of having their Deposit Accounts maintained at Affiliate Banks in non-retirement accounts. For RBC Insured Deposits cash balances placed with third-party banks, these banks pay RBC CM a fee based on a percentage of assets placed with the third-party bank. RBC CM pays you interest out of the amount we receive from the third-party banks. The amount retained by RBC CM is larger than the amount we pay to you. The banks can change the interest rate they pay on deposits, and we can increase the amount of the fee we retain, both of which can change the amount of interest you receive. Because the amount of interest paid to clients is deducted from the revenue shared with us by the third-party banks, RBC CM has a conflict of interest in that the less interest we pay you, the more revenue we earn on those assets. • Credit Interest Program. For the Credit Interest Program, we invest and use cash balances as free credit balances for our benefit. We use the free credit balances in the ordinary course of our brokerage business, subject to the requirements of Rule 15c3-3 under the Exchange Act. Under these arrangements, we invest Credit Interest Program assets and generally earn interest or a return based on short-term market interest rates prevailing at the time. We periodically adjust the interest rate payable on Credit Interest Program accounts, and the spread between the interest earned by us from our investments and the rate paid to Credit Interest Program account holders will be favorable to us. Because we do not waive the Program Fee, to the extent that your cash balance is invested in the Credit Interest Program, we earn two levels of income on such investments. We address these conflicts of interest through proper disclosure and by making the Credit Interest Program unavailable to Retirement Account clients. • Money Market Funds. For amounts invested in an unaffiliated money market fund, the third-party money market fund pays RBC CM service fees in the form of a recordkeeping fee and a shareholder servicing fee. This provides us with an incentive to use third-party money market funds that pay us such fees instead of other funds that do not. These money market funds typically pay you a lower yield than money market funds that do not pay us recordkeeping or shareholder servicing fees. We address this conflict of interest by proper disclosure and by rebating or not charging omnibus, management and/or 12b-1 fees to Retirement Accounts. For amounts invested in shares of GAM Money Market Fund, RBC GAM - U.S. is an affiliate of RBC CM and RBC GAM - U.S. will receive fees for managing and servicing the fund (including management and other fees). RBC GAM - U.S. will also pay RBC CM 12b-1 fees, which provides us with another incentive to use this money market fund instead of another fund that does not pay us the same or any revenue share. • The Program Fee. We charge the Program Fee on cash balances in your Program account(s) and we and/or our affiliates receive benefits from amounts invested in the Cash Sweep Options. This means that we and/or our affiliates earn two levels of fees on the same cash balances in your account. • Recurring Distributions. In non-retirement accounts, you may also elect to automatically distribute accrued dividends, interest, capital gains, and return on capital payments from your account on a recurring basis. RBC CM invests and uses such cash balances as free credit from the date of deposit until the funds are distributed from your account, which is a benefit to us. You do not earn interest on free credit cash balances. Additional information regarding RBC CM’s use of free credit cash balances can be found in the Credit Interest Program section of the Customer Account Agreement between you and RBC CM. Harvesting Gains or Losses Certain Investment Managers and/or Overlay Managers may be able to accommodate tax harvesting at your request and election. Except for RBC UP accounts enrolled in Tax Management provided by Envestnet, you can request that the Overlay Manager or Investment Manager for your applicable Program account(s) harvest gains or losses in your RBC UP or Consulting Solutions account. To request harvesting of gains or losses for your account in either of these Programs, you can notify your Financial Professional, who will in turn notify the Overlay Manager or Investment Manager. You must make such request each time, and for each account, that you desire gain or loss harvesting. Through our notification of your direction to the Overlay Manager or Investment Manager for your account, you are providing independent instructions to said Overlay Manager or Investment Manager to sell and to then either reinvest the loss sale proceeds in one or more replacement securities or retain the proceeds in cash. Gain sale proceeds will be reinvested in the account in accordance with the applicable asset allocation, as determined by the Overlay Manager or Investment Manager. You can typically request gain or loss harvesting (i) for specified securities, (ii) for specified tax lots, (iii) in a specified total amount, or (iv) in the maximum amount available, subject to each Investment Manager’s and Overlay Manager’s own policies and/or ability and willingness to accommodate such requests. It is important to note that the Investment Manager or the Overlay Manager may reject your request for tax harvesting in whole or in part, at its discretion. In addition, tax harvesting services may not be available for certain Investment Strategies, and the availability of tax-harvesting functionality may be limited due to technology-related and other factors. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 12 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  Please be aware that gain or loss harvesting is an intricate, nuanced strategy that may not be appropriate in all situations and may adversely impact investment performance. Neither RBC CM (including its affiliates) nor the Investment Managers or Overlay Managers provide any tax advice or make any guarantee that tax harvesting will be successful or produce any specific outcome. As such, you should consult your own independent tax, accounting and/or legal professionals before requesting gain or loss harvesting. In addition, when harvesting gains or losses, please keep the following in mind: • If a replacement security increases in value during any applicable wash sale period, such increase can result in a short- term capital gain to you when sold upon expiration of the applicable wash sale period. • There is no guarantee that harvesting requests received late in a calendar year will be completed before year-end. • There is no guarantee that harvesting will achieve any particular result. Tax management or “harvesting” is not tax advice and may not achieve the intended results. • If utilizing harvesting, your account holdings and performance can differ from other similarly invested accounts that do not utilize harvesting. • Harvesting requests only apply to the specific account for which the request is made. If you buy or sell securities in an account that overlaps with the securities sold in another account and such sale generates a loss, this loss may be disallowed under the IRS wash sale rules. • Withdrawing sale proceeds generated from harvesting will likely result in the rebalance of your account and the realization of additional capital gains or losses. Securities-Based Lending Clients have the opportunity to borrow money through lending programs, including RBC Express Credit (“Margin”) offered by RBC CM and RBC Credit Access Line (“CAL”) offered by Royal Bank of Canada, and RBC Bank, bank affiliates of RBC CM, collectively referred to as “Lending Programs”, subject to eligibility requirements. In these Lending Programs, the client’s loan is secured by investments and other assets in their account(s) at RBC CM, including those held in Program accounts. Retirement Accounts, including those subject to Title I of ERISA and IRAs, are not eligible for participation in the Lending Programs. To participate in a Lending Program, you agree to maintain securities and/or other assets (“Collateral”) in your account that have a value at least equal to the amount required its terms (“Maintenance Requirement”). Various factors may be considered in determining your Maintenance Requirement(s), including the value, liquidity, and concentration of the Collateral. Not all securities are eligible to be used as Collateral. If the Collateral declines in value, certain actions may be taken to maintain the Maintenance Requirement, including selling securities or other assets in your account. Due to market volatility, debt you incur can exceed the value of the Collateral you deposit in your account. You will be required to deposit additional cash or securities, or pay down your loan, should the value of your Collateral decline below the percentage equity you must maintain for your Maintenance Requirement, or should the percentage equity you must maintain for your Maintenance Requirement increase. Through the Lending Programs, RBC CM and certain Introducing Firms receive interest on loans RBC CM extends on Margin or through CAL. RBC CM is permitted to lend or utilize securities on Margin and may receive compensation in connection with the use of such securities. This compensation creates a conflict of interest because it incentivizes RBC CM, and the Introducing Firm to make these Lending Programs available to you as discussed in “Compensation to Introducing Firm and its Financial Professionals,” in Item 4 below. RBC Express Credit (Margin) In this Lending Program, we charge you interest on credit extended to you for the purpose of purchasing, carrying, or trading in securities or commodities or otherwise using eligible securities in your accounts held with us as Collateral. Margin interest rates are determined using a base lending rate plus a sliding scale of percentages according to the size of your Margin debit balance. RBC CM, and generally your Introducing Firm, receive a portion of the interest earned by RBC CM. The use of Margin in your Program account will impact the Program Fee you pay as further discussed in the section titled, “Calculation of Program Fees” in Item 4 below. RBC Credit Access Line (CAL) In this Lending Program, you have access to a securities-based line of credit through Royal Bank of Canada and RBC Bank. Interest rates can vary depending on factors such as your creditworthiness and the amount of credit for which you are eligible, as determined by Royal Bank of Canada and RBC Bank. Interest you pay on your CAL is paid to Royal Bank of Canada and/or RBC Bank. RBC CM, and generally your Introducing Firm, receive a portion of the interest and transactions fees earned by Royal Bank of Canada and/or RBC Bank on your CAL. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 13 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  For more information about these Lending Programs, please refer to “Risks Related to Securities-Based Lending” in Item 6 below and the “RBC Credit Access Line,” “RBC Express Credit”, and “Schedule of Fee” disclosures available at www.rbcclearingandcustody.com/disclosures. Fees and Compensation Fees In the Programs, you will pay the Program Fee, which is comprised of the Introducing Firm Fee, the Program Sponsor Fee, and for certain Programs, the Investment Manager Fee, the Model Provider Fee, and/or the Overlay Manager Fee (each as defined and described below). • Introducing Firm Fee. In all Programs, you pay an “Introducing Firm Fee” to your Introducing Firm for the services their Financial Professionals provide in the Programs. The Introducing Firm Fee rate is determined between you and your Financial Professional. • Program Sponsor Fee. In all Programs, you pay a “Program Sponsor Fee” to RBC CM which covers the services RBC CM provides as sponsor of the Program, as well as services related to the custody of account assets, trade execution, clearing and settlement, account reporting and other administrative services. The Program Sponsor Fee typically ranges from 0.00% to 0.40% of Program account assets under management. • Investment Manager Fee. In addition to the Introducing Firm Fee and Program Sponsor Fee, accounts in Consulting Solutions are charged a separate fee for the investment management services of any Investment Manager (the “Investment Manager Fee”). • Overlay Manager & Model Provider Fee. In addition to the Introducing Firm Fee and Program Sponsor Fee, accounts in RBC UP are charged a separate fee for the services of the Overlay Manager (the “Overlay Manager Fee”), and, as applicable, for the Model Portfolio(s) provided by any Model Provider(s) (the “Model Provider Fee”). These separate fees (i.e., the asset-based fees to your Introducing Firm and RBC CM as Program sponsor, and the fee charged for any Investment Manager, Overlay Manager or Model Provider services) are referred to collectively as the “Program Fee” and will generally appear together as a single Program Fee on account statements and other communications. Because the Program Fee is assessed on the market value of assets in your account at the end of a quarter, the total amount of the Program Fee billed each quarter will generally change as Program assets increase or decrease in the Program account. The maximum annual rate for the total Program Fee is 3.0%. You will receive written confirmation of the Program Fee for your account upon enrollment in a Program, and each time you and your Financial Professional agree to any changes. In certain circumstances, RBC CM and/or your Financial Professional may require you to sign additional documentation relating to the Program Fee (or a component thereof) for your account(s). Information and ranges for Investment Manager Fees, Model Provider Fees, and Overlay Manager Fees are included below. These fee rates may increase or decrease from time to time which will impact the relevant fee component of your total Program Fee. In such case, your Introducing Firm Fee may increase or decrease, however your total Program Fee will not change. If you change your Investment Manager, Model Provider, or Overlay Manager, the relevant components of your total Program Fee may increase or decrease based on the Investment Manager, Model Provider, or Overlay Manager selected by you. In such case, we will notify you in writing of any change to your Program Fee. Program Fee Components and Ranges by Program The Program Fee is established at the account level. The Program Fee components depend on the Program in which your account is enrolled, and therefore, the Program Fee can vary between Program accounts, as follows: • RBC Advisor. The Program Fee consists of the Introducing Firm Fee and Program Sponsor Fee. • Consulting Solutions. The Program Fee consists of the Introducing Firm Fee, Program Sponsor Fee, and the Investment Manager Fee. Investment Manager Fees you pay range from an annual rate of 0.00% to 0.50% of Program account assets under management and vary by Investment Manager, Investment Strategy, and type of account. We pay a portion of the Investment Manager Fee to each Investment Manager, which typically ranges from 0.00% to 0.50% of Program account assets. Such amount is determined by the specific Investment Strategies of each Investment Manager currently available in the Program, the services provided by each Investment Manager, the total assets managed by each Investment Manager, and fee negotiations with the Investment Manager, as generally set forth in an agreement between RBC CM and each such Investment Manager. In some cases, fees we pay to Investment Managers may be lower than the amount of the Investment Manager Fee you pay us. Additionally, we negotiate fee schedules with some Investment Managers, which reduce the effective fee rate we pay to Investment Managers as the total amount of Program assets allocated to those Investment Managers increases. Any difference in Investment Manager Fees charged RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 14 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  to clients and the percentage of such fees we ultimately pay to the Investment Managers are retained by us. Fees retained by us are not passed on to the Financial Professionals. The fees we pay Investment Managers may change from time to time without notice to you and such change may impact the total Program Fee we charge you. If we negotiate a lower Investment Manager Fee for the Investment Strategy of an Investment Manager in which your Program account is invested, we may similarly decrease the Investment Manager Fee you pay us as part of the Program Fee. If we renegotiate an existing Investment Manager’s current fee rate, we will notify affected clients of any increase to the Investment Manager Fee. • RBC UP. the Program Fee consists of the Introducing Firm Fee, the Program Sponsor Fee, the Overlay Manager Fee and, as applicable, the Model Provider Fee. When RBC CM acts as Overlay Manager, the Overlay Manager Fee is 0.05% and is in addition to the RBC CM Program Sponsor Fee paid to us. When Envestnet acts as Overlay Manager, the Overlay Manager Fee is 0.10% and includes Envestnet’s Tax Management and/or Screens services, if selected. As noted above in Item 4, the Overlay Manager Fee will be assessed on all assets in the account, regardless of whether Tax Management and/or Screens are applied to all or some of those assets. When Envestnet is the Overlay Manager, we pay a portion of the Overlay Manager Fee to Envestnet that ranges from an annual rate of 0.00%-0.08% of account assets under management. We retain any difference between the Overlay Manager Fee of 0.10% that you pay and the portion of such fee we ultimately pay to Envestnet. The Model Provider Fee component of the Program Fee varies by Model Provider, Model Portfolio and type of account (i.e., Retirement Accounts investing in affiliated Model Portfolios), and ranges from 0.00% to 0.65% annually of the market value of an account’s assets allocated to a Model Portfolio, generally as set forth in a fee schedule that is part of an agreement between RBC CM and each Model Provider. If more than one Model Portfolio is included in your RBC UP account, RBC CM employs a Sleeve-level billing methodology to calculate the amount of each Model Provider Fee. The amount will be determined by calculating the value invested in each Model Portfolio, or Sleeve, multiplied by the applicable Model Provider Fee for each Model Portfolio in your RBC UP account at the time of each billing event. We pay each Model Provider a portion of the Model Provider Fee you pay to us. Any difference in the Overlay Manager Fee and/or the Model Provider Fee paid by clients and the percentage of such fees that we ultimately pay to the Overlay Manager and/or the Model Provider are retained by us. Your Program Fee may be higher or lower than (i) the fees and commissions you would pay in a brokerage account; (ii) the fees other clients depending on considerations such as the size of your account the types of securities and services provided, and other relevant criteria; and (iii) the cost of similar services offered through other Introducing Firms or financial institutions. Calculation of Program Fees; Valuation of Account Assets Typically, Program accounts are charged the Program Fee quarterly, in advance, based on the market value of the assets in a Program account, including securities, cash, money market funds, Cash Sweep Program balances, and/or Credit Interest Program balances as of the last business day of the preceding calendar quarter. We include the full market value of assets purchased on Margin in the calculation of your Program Fee. We do not reduce the market value of your account by your margin debit balance. Securities traded on a national securities exchange will be valued at the last sale price on the exchange, or if there has been no sale that day, at the last known bid price within the past 45 days as provided by a third-party vendor. Securities that are traded over-the- counter and on a stock exchange will be valued according to the broadest and most representative market. Securities for which market quotations are not readily available will be valued at the known current bid price within the past 45 days as provided by a third-party pricing vendor and believed by us to most nearly represent current market value. Other securities and all other assets will be valued as determined by an independent third-party retained by us or, if not available from a third-party, by a statement of valuation provided by the issuer of the security which will remain unchanged until another statement of valuation is received. Valuation will be reviewed on no less than an annual basis. Where fair value cannot be determined for certain securities and assets, no Program Fee will be charged by RBC CM on those securities and assets. Funds To compute the value of assets held in a Program account, we value Fund shares at their respective net asset values as reported on the valuation date by each Fund. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 15 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  Dividends In non-retirement accounts, if you have elected to automatically distribute accrued dividends, interest, capital gains, and return on capital payments from your account on a recurring basis, the proceeds of these payments will not be assessed a Program Fee from the date the dividends, interest, capital gains, and return on capital payments is paid to the date of distribution. Deposits, Withdrawals and Changes Program Fees are prorated for any billing period that is less than a complete quarter. Deposits to or withdrawals from a Program account of cash and/or securities with a value equal to or greater than $10,000 will be billed on a pro-rated basis. Increases or decreases of assets may be caused by deposits and/or withdrawals of cash and securities. Deposits and withdrawals on the same day will offset each other, and the net amount will be used to calculate on a daily basis an additional Program Fee or refund to your account. In each case, the additional Program Fee or refund will be calculated based on the applicable fee rate times the amount of the increase or decrease, pro-rated based on the number of days from the date of the triggering event to the last day of the calendar quarter. If there is any change in your Overlay Manager, Model Provider(s), Model Portfolios, Investment Manager, Investment Strategy or investment allocation in your account before the end of a quarter, we will use the market valuation from the date of the change to adjust only the portion(s) of the Program Fee (e.g., Overlay Manager Fee, Model Provider Fee, Investment Manager Fee) affected by such change on a pro-rated basis. At the time of such account change the market value of your account may be higher or lower than the market value of your account at the time your quarterly Program Fee was calculated. As a result, the prorated Model Provider Fee, Overlay Manager Fee, and/ or Investment Manager Fee portion of the Program Fee may be higher or lower than when originally calculated. Each of Introducing Firm and RBC CM reserve the right to correct errors in calculations of Program Fees that were charged to you by debiting or crediting your account, as applicable, without prior notice to you. Additionally, RBC CM reserves the right to increase any components of the Program Fee upon thirty (30) days’ advance written notice to you. Fees Upon Termination You, Introducing Firm, or RBC CM can terminate your Program account in accordance with the notice and other provisions contained in the Advisory Agreement. If a Program account is terminated prior to the last day of the quarter, we will refund to you the prorated portion of the Program Fee you paid, calculated based upon the days remaining in the quarter. The termination of a Program account will terminate the Advisory Agreement for that account which will revert to a brokerage account, subject to all standard fees and commissions, and, where RBC CM was the Overlay Manager, we will no longer be acting as a fiduciary to you with respect to that account. Payment of Program Fee The Program Fee will be deducted on a quarterly basis directly from your Program account unless you affirmatively elect, verbally or in writing, to be billed directly, or to have the Program Fee deducted from another account with your Introducing Firm for which RBC CM is custodian, provided that the account is not a custodial account (e.g., UGMA/UTMA account) or a Retirement Account, as permitted by applicable law. If you have elected to be invoiced for the Program Fee and the Program Fee is not paid within sixty (60) days of the date of the invoice, RBC CM will instead debit your applicable Program account for the invoiced amount of the Program Fee due. Offset of Certain Fees to Retirement Accounts With respect to Retirement Accounts in the Consulting Solutions and RBC UP Programs, if you hold RBC GAM-US Funds, including the RBC BlueBay Access Capital Community Investment Fund, or Funds subadvised by City National Rochdale, LLC (“CNR”), we will rebate the net management fee charged by the Fund company to you. For other affiliated Funds and/or Funds sub-advised by an affiliate (RBC GAM-US or CNR), the Program Sponsor Fee, payable to RBC CM, and when RBC CM acts as Overlay Manager in RBC UP, the Overlay Manager Fee component of the Program Fee, will not be assessed on the value of these Funds held in Consulting Solutions and RBC UP Retirement Accounts. Unless required by applicable law, the credit or offset does not apply to other Fund expenses such as transfer agency fees and shareholder servicing fees, or actual distribution, shareholder servicing and other fees paid to RBC CM and its affiliates. Additionally, RBC CM has a conflict of interest in offering and recommending proprietary and affiliated Funds in the Programs over non-proprietary and/or non-affiliated Funds because we and/or our affiliates receive the fees and expenses charged by such Funds rather than a non- affiliate. For more information see “Fees to RBC Affiliates” on our public website at www.rbcclearingandcustody.com/en-us/legal/. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 16 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  Comparing Costs Your total cost for the services provided through a Program, if purchased separately, could be more or less than the costs of the Programs through RBC CM. Cost and other factors to consider may include: your ability and the costs to obtain the desired investment advisory services and investment/portfolio management services, including access to Investment Managers and their Investment Strategies, Model Providers and their Model Portfolios, Overlay Managers, etc., where applicable, reporting services comparable to those provided through the Programs, custodial services, and trading and execution costs (including Fund sales loads and principal mark-ups and mark-downs) to you. When making cost comparisons, you should be aware that the combination of investment management, custodial, consulting, and brokerage services available through a Program may not be available separately or may require multiple accounts, documentation, and fees. In addition, certain Investment Managers, Overlay Managers, and/or Model Portfolios may not be available to clients outside of a Program either because of minimum account size requirements, fee schedules, geographic availability, or other factors. When assessing the overall cost of a Program, you should also consider that a Program account with low trading volumes, high cash balances, and/or significant fixed income positions could receive similar services at a lower cost in a brokerage account. If a Program account is actively traded through the Introducing Firm and RBC CM, the Program Fee may be less expensive than separately paying investment management fees, consulting fees, and trading and execution costs. In addition, investments that have no upfront fees or commissions, such as no-load Funds, may be available to you outside of a Program account at no additional cost. As discussed below in Item 4 under “Fund Fees and Expenses,” fees charged in connection with certain investments in your Program account, such as management and other fees charged by Funds, are not included in the Program Fee and will result in higher total costs than if you invested in such securities outside of a Program account. Additional Fees and Expenses The Program Fee (including all components described above) does not cover or include any of the following additional fees and expenses, where applicable: • Account maintenance or other fees changed to you by your Introducing Firm; • commissions, “mark-ups,” “mark-downs,” and dealer spreads, if any, (i) that RBC CM or its affiliates receive when acting as principal in certain transactions where permitted by law, rule, or regulation, or (ii) that other broker-dealers receive when acting as principal in certain transactions effected through RBC CM and/or its affiliates acting as agent, which is typically the case for dealer market transactions (e.g., fixed income, over-the-counter equity, and foreign exchange (“FX”) conversions in connection with purchases or sales of non-US dollar-denominated securities and with payments of principal and interest dividends on such securities); • underwriting commissions, investment banking, and other fees where RBC CM is a member of an underwriting syndicate; • certain other costs or charges that may be imposed by third parties (including, among other things, bid-ask spreads, odd- lot differentials, exchange fees, transfer taxes, foreign custody fees, supplemental transaction fees, regulatory fees and other fees or taxes that may be imposed by pursuant to law, rule, or regulation; • RBC CM’s usual and customary transaction charges on the liquidation of investments deemed ineligible for the Programs; • any contingent deferred sales charges or redemption charges assessed on the sale or liquidation of Fund shares (see Fund prospectus for details); • check reordering costs and fees; • Fund fees and expenses as further described below under the “Fund Fees and Expenses” section; • redemption charges imposed by certain Funds or alternative investments (see Fund prospectus or private placement memorandum (“PPM”), as applicable, for details); • short-term trading charges for purchases and corresponding redemptions of certain Fund shares (see Fund prospectus for details) made within a short period of time; • costs and expenses of UITs (e.g., organization costs, operating expenses, portfolio supervision, bookkeeping, trustee, and other administrative fees, etc.); • fees and charges specific to annuities linked to your Program account, which may include but are not limited to, administrative and termination/distribution charges, mortality and expense risk charges, expenses for underlying investment options and optional rider/benefit fees; • RBC Express Credit (margin) or RBC Credit Access Line (CAL) interest, or interest on other debit account balances; • non-sponsored alternative investment processing and maintenance fees; RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 17 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  • safekeeping fees for physical securities; • American Depositary Receipt (“ADR”) pass-through fees; • additional costs incurred when purchasing foreign securities that are assessed by the foreign exchange, including, but not limited to, exchange fees, taxes, conversion fees and currency translation costs. For example, when “ordinary shares” are purchased on a foreign exchange (which may charge a fee or tax on the trade) and are converted to ADRs, the depository bank may charge a fee to convert the ordinary shares to ADRs and in doing so, there may be currency translation costs associated with the conversion; • additional costs when investing in foreign securities and utilizing foreign tax relief and reclamation services; • fees charged by RBC CM related to reporting and filing unrelated business taxable income in Retirement Accounts; and • any fees/expenses associated with RBC Insured Deposits. Fund Fees and Expenses Funds pay fees and expenses that are ultimately borne by clients (including, but not limited to, management fees, brokerage costs, administrative, and custody fees), as detailed in each Fund’s prospectus. Program clients that are holding or investing in Funds will pay two levels of investment advisory fees: 1) investment management fees charged by the Fund companies, and 2) Program Fees to your Introducing Firm, RBC CM as Program sponsor, the Investment Managers, the Model Providers, and/or the Overlay Manager. Some of the fees and expenses are paid to and, where permitted under applicable regulatory requirements, retained by us and/or the Introducing Firm for advisory and/or other services. Funds eligible for the Programs will be subject to the Program Fee which could also subject you to a higher overall cost. Outside of the Cash Sweep Program, RBC CM may, without notice to you, convert Funds in your Program account to a lower cost share class of the same Fund offered by RBC CM or make changes to your investment model or allocation in the event a lower cost share class of the same Fund is or becomes available through RBC CM. However, if you purchased a Fund from RBC CM with an up-front sales charge, typically in a brokerage account outside of the Programs, and subsequently transfer such Fund shares into an advisory Program account, those Fund shares will not be subject to the Program Fee for two or more years from the date of initial purchase. Fund shares purchased at other financial institutions may be converted to the appropriate share class in a Program account and subject to the Program Fee immediately whether you paid an up-front sales charge or other compensation or not. RBC CM may also elect not to convert certain Fund shares if, for example, there is no equivalent share class available in the Programs, or such conversion could subject you to additional sales or other charges, or in certain other circumstances, as determined by us. Additionally, if you have a systematic buy or sell transaction established for a Fund that is ineligible for the Program selected, the transaction may be rejected resulting in your trade(s) not being fulfilled. Prior to enrolling in the Programs, you should review the costs and impact of converting your Fund share classes and discuss this with your Financial Professional. If you do not want your Funds converted, or your investment model/allocation updated, you should discuss leaving those holdings in, or transferring those holdings to a brokerage account, subject to customary commissions and transaction charges, with your Financial Professional. Under certain circumstances, your account may be invested in a Fund share class with a 12b-1 fee. This fee, which is also known as a distribution fee, is an operational expense used to pay for marketing and distribution expenses and is therefore included in the Fund’s expense ratio. 12b-1 fees are part of the overall Fund expense ratio, which is paid by you through deduction of assets in the Fund’s daily net asset value calculation. 12b-1 fees may vary by share class, with certain share classes having lower or no 12b-1 fees. Typically, the 12b-1 fee is paid to the Introducing Firm as ongoing compensation for a period of time, as outlined in the applicable prospectus, creating an incentive for the Introducing Firm and/or the Financial Professional to recommend a Fund and a share class that pays a 12b-1 fee as opposed to a Fund or share class that does not. Excluding the Cash Sweep Program, RBC CM addresses this conflict of interest by (1) limiting offerings of share classes that pay a 12b-1 fee in the Programs, and (2) crediting any 12b-1 fees that RBC CM receive back to you rather than paying such fee to the Introducing Firm. Funds and certain other investments will be accompanied by a prospectus or other offering document that contains important information about each such Fund, including investment objectives, risks, and applicable fees and expenses. Clients should read each Fund’s prospectus carefully and consider all the information in it before investing. If, and to the extent that your account is invested in a Fund managed by an affiliate of ours, you will indirectly pay two levels of advisory and other fees to us in connection with such balances (i.e., the investment management fees charged by the Fund companies, and the Program Fee). We address this conflict through disclosure and by subjecting the affiliated Funds to the same selection and evaluation standards as non-affiliated Funds. Further, in Retirement Accounts, if you hold Funds subadvised by CNR, the management fee charged by the Fund company will be rebated to you. For other RBC CM affiliated Funds subadvised by CNR, the Program Sponsor Fee payable to RBC CM, and when RBC CM acts as the Overlay Manager in RBC UP, the Overlay Manager Fee component of the Program Fee, will not be assessed to the value of such Funds maintained in Retirement Accounts. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 18 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  Additional information regarding Funds, including information on investment policies, fees, and expenses, is set forth in each Fund’s current prospectus. You should read the Fund’s prospectus carefully prior to selecting a Fund. Trading Away and Associated Costs We generally anticipate most Investment Managers and the Overlay Managers will effect substantially all portfolio trades for Program accounts with or through us. This arrangement creates an incentive for us to make available Investment Managers or Model Providers with lower portfolio turnover rates. As noted, in some circumstances and with some strategies, Investment Managers can be expected to trade away from RBC CM with other broker-dealers. RBC CM makes information on Consulting Solutions Investment Managers’ trading practices in this regard available via the “Investment Managers and Trading Practices” link at RBC CM’s legal disclosure website, www.rbcclearingandcustody.com/disclosures. If Investment Managers trade away from RBC CM with other broker-dealers, you should understand that commissions, mark- ups, spreads, and other transactional charges for such trades are charged to you by the executing broker-dealer (and passed along to you by RBC CM). Accordingly, the Program Fee you pay does not cover such costs charged by other broker-dealers; the Program Fee covers these costs only when the transactions are executed by RBC CM. The executing broker-dealer may net these commissions, mark-ups, spreads and other transactional charges into the overall purchase or sale price of the trades, and these commissions, mark- ups, spreads and other transactional charges are not delineated on your RBC CM trade confirmation, monthly transaction summary or statement. RBC CM does not restrict an Investment Manager’s ability to trade away, as the responsibility to determine the suitability of trading away from RBC CM and for best execution is that of the Investment Manager. RBC CM does not evaluate whether an Investment Manager is meeting its best execution obligations when trading away. You should understand that RBC CM is not a party to transactions that are not executed through or with us, and therefore, we are not able to negotiate the price or transaction related charge(s) with the executing broker-dealer. While the costs associated with equity trades done away are typically in the form of commissions and other transactional charges that are disclosed and accessible to RBC CM, the additional costs associated with fixed income trades are not identified separately because they are incorporated into the net price of the trade. Additional information on trade away practices of Investment Managers in Consulting Solutions is available via at: www.rbcclearingandcustody.com/disclosures. Note, before selecting an Investment Manager for any Program described in this brochure, you should carefully review all material related to that Investment Manager, including any disclosure on whether the Investment Manager uses broker- dealers other than RBC CM to effect any trades and any additional trading costs (brokerage commissions or other charges) associated with executing trades with such other broker-dealers. You should consider this information (i.e., an Investment Manager’s trading practices and any associated additional costs and expenses), when assessing the overall costs of a Program and a particular Investment Manager and/or Investment Strategy. Foreign Tax Relief and Reclamation Services For clients who invest in international securities, we utilize a third-party vendor that provides foreign tax relief and reclamation services on behalf of clients. For more information, please see “Foreign Tax Relief and Reclamation Overview” on our public website at www.rbcclearingandcustody.com/disclosures. Tax Considerations The payment of the Program Fee as described above may produce income tax results different from those resulting from the payment of brokerage commissions or other transactional charges on a per trade basis. If you are not a tax-exempt entity, the sale, redemption, or exchange of investments may result in taxable gains or losses. Further, it is your responsibility to ensure that the payment method selected, and subsequent treatment of the related expenses, complies with applicable tax laws and other regulations. In addition, careful consideration should be given prior to purchasing investments or selecting strategies that may utilize “tax-advantaged” investments in certain qualified accounts. This may result in no additional tax benefits at the expense of performance. Neither RBC CM, nor its affiliates or employees provide legal, accounting or tax advice. All legal, accounting or tax decisions regarding your accounts and any transactions or investments entered into in relation to such accounts, should be made in consultation with your independent advisors. No information, including but not limited to written materials, provided by RBC CM or its affiliates or employees should be construed as legal, accounting or tax advice. Compensation to Introducing Firm and its Financial Professionals Advisory Fees Your Introducing Firm may pay a portion of the Program Fee to your Financial Professional. For information on how your Introducing Firm compensates its Financial Professionals, please see your Introducing Firm’s ADV brochure other similar disclosure documents or contact your Financial Professional. Introducing Firms and their Financial Professionals are compensated based on the market value of billable assets in the account. In certain instances, your account may contain assets that are not included in the billable value of the account. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 19 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  Therefore, this is a conflict of interest as your Introducing Firm may have a financial incentive to sell these assets and purchase assets that would be included in the billable value of the account and directly impact compensation. Securities-Based Lending Through Lending Programs (i.e., RBC Express Credit or RBC Credit Access Line), RBC CM and the Introducing Firm receive additional compensation based on the amount of loan balance outstanding. This additional compensation presents a conflict of interest for us because it creates an incentive for us to make affiliated Lending Programs available to you in the Programs. This conflict of interest is addressed by appropriate disclosure. ITEM 5: ACCOUNT REQUIREMENTS AND TYPES OF CLIENTS To open an account in any of the Programs and receive the investment advisory and other related services described in this brochure, you must enter into the Advisory Agreement with your Introducing Firm and RBC CM. The Advisory Agreement expressly acknowledges the parameters of our investment advisory relationship with you, describes the services we will provide to you, and details the terms and conditions of the Program. The Advisory Agreement governs the terms of your existing and future Program accounts and relationships with your Introducing Firm and RBC CM. Each of the Programs generally require a certain minimum amount of assets to open an account in that Program. However, RBC CM has the discretion to accept accounts that are below the Program minimums. Under certain circumstances, account minimums may be higher based on factors that include, but are not limited to, the services we provide or the Investment Strategy selected by a client and employed by the Investment Manager. RBC CM reserves the right to terminate a Program account if the account assets fall below the Program minimums set forth below. • RBC Advisor: $25,000. • RBC UP: Depending on services and Investment Products selected, minimums will be applied and range between $2,500-$200,000. • Consulting Solutions: $100,000-$600,000 for equity strategies; $100,000-$300,000 for fixed income strategies, subject to minimum account requirements imposed by the applicable Investment Manager. RBC CM provides investment advisory services to individuals, foundations, endowments, employee benefit plans, trusts, estates, educational institutions, corporations, businesses, government entities and other entities. The Programs are generally available for both non-retirement and Retirement Accounts, including IRAs. When providing services to clients who are subject to ERISA, we may rely on various Prohibited Transaction Exemptions (“PTEs”) available under ERISA, including PTE 84-14, which is only available to qualified professional asset managers (the “QPAM Exemption”). On March 5, 2024, the French Court of Appeal rendered a judgment of conviction (the “Conviction”) against Royal Bank of Canada Trust Company (Bahamas) Limited (“RBCTC Bahamas”), an affiliate of RBC CM, and other parties regarding a charge of complicity in estate tax fraud relating to actions taken relating to a trust for which RBCTC Bahamas serves as trustee. In 2016, RBC was granted an exemption by the U.S. Department of Labor that allowed RBC and its current and future affiliates to continue to qualify for the QPAM Exemption under ERISA despite the conviction of RBCTC Bahamas in the French proceeding for a temporary one-year period from the date of conviction. In 2025, the Department of Labor granted RBC an exemption providing longer-term relief, which is effective from August 12, 2025, through March 4, 2030. ITEM 6: PORTFOLIO MANAGER SELECTION AND EVALUATION Selection of Investment Managers and Model Providers We have certain standards of eligibility for Investment Managers, Model Providers and Overlay Managers in the Consulting Solutions and RBC UP Programs. In RBC UP and Consulting Solutions we consider and select only Investment Managers and Model Providers that meet our eligibility requirements. In identifying and choosing Investment Managers and Model Providers, we evaluate the financial and organizational stability of the firm and product, historical performance results, experience, and other factors. Based on the evaluation, Investment Managers and Model Providers are categorized by their respective investment styles. Each Investment Strategy added to the RBC UP and/or Consulting Solutions Programs are further categorized by the level of conviction RBC CM has in the Investment Manager and/or Model Provider and their respective Investment Strategy. Information that we gather regarding Investment Managers and Model Providers is believed to be reliable and accurate, but we do not independently verify it. We conduct periodic reviews of Envestnet and our own Overlay Manager function to evaluate adherence to Model Portfolios and investment allocations selected by you. As described above in Item 4, you will establish an Advisory Risk Profile for your Program account. For Programs in which you select an Investment Manager(s) or Model Provider(s), your Financial Professional will consult with you regarding investment alternatives consistent with your Advisory Risk Profile. You then choose one or more Investment Managers or Model Providers. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 20 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  When required to do so by law or as otherwise agreed to with the Investment Manager, we will provide you with a copy of each Investment Manager’s and/or the Overlay Manager’s written disclosure statement (Part 2A of its Form ADV or other comparable document) at the time of Program enrollment. Monitoring and Review of Investment Managers and Model Providers On a quarterly basis, we monitor and review the Model Providers we make available in RBC UP and the Investment Managers we make available in Consulting Solutions in order to determine whether they continue to meet the standards and requirements of RBC CM. The evaluation may involve, among other things, investment discipline and trends in investment philosophies. Comparisons are made to other accounts and to standard industry market statistics. The level of review applied by GMR to each Investment Strategy depends on RBC CM’s conviction in the Investment Manager and Model Provider and their Investment Strategy. For the highest conviction Investment Strategies, this review is based on both the investment style descriptions offered by the Investment Managers and Model Providers (qualitative factors) and analysis performed by GMR (quantitative factors). GMR’s ratings and opinions for the highest convictions strategies are available to Introducing Firms. These ratings and opinions are updated annually or more frequently, as needed. Investment Strategies not deemed highest conviction are reviewed quarterly based primarily on quantitative factors. A quantitative score (“Score”) is assigned to each Investment Strategy based on multiple factors related to the firm and product, investment professionals, investment approach and performance and weights assigned to the individual factors selected. Investment Strategies not deemed highest conviction must meet these predefined Scores to be added and maintained in RBC UP and Consulting Solutions. If a Score cannot be calculated, the same factors are reviewed manually, instead of systematically, until a Score can be calculated. For cases where a Score is not able to be produced, GMR will continue to qualitatively monitor the Investment Strategies and provide annual updates as needed to the RBC CM Managed Account Investment Committee. Scores are not assigned to the RBC CM Portfolio Advisory Group (“PAG”) Model Portfolios. The PAG Model Portfolios are reviewed quarterly by an internal oversight committee. This committee, which is led by GMR, reviews each PAG Model Portfolio to determine if it continues to align with its stated investment objective. Through our monitoring process, the level of conviction in an Investment Strategy may change and therefore the level of review applied to each Investment Strategy may change from time to time. If you would like information regarding RBC CM’s conviction in an Investment Strategy you are considering or are already invested in, please contact your Financial Professional. The level of conviction in an Investment Strategy is not indicative of the quality of the Investment Strategy nor is it a basis for how the Program Fee is determined. Watch List As part of our Investment Manager/Model Provider monitoring process, RBC CM maintains a watch list of Investment Managers and Model Providers for which there may be developments of potential concern. Such developments may include the Investment Managers’ or Model Providers’ adherence to management style, consistency with client objectives, unexplained poor performance, or other matters that come to our attention. The watch list provides us with the means to review and communicate developments related to Investment Managers and Model Providers in RBC UP and Consulting Solutions. Placement of Investment Managers and Model Providers on the watch list initiates a probationary period that allows us adequate time to better assess the effects — negative or positive — stemming from the developments in question. Performance • Investment Manager and Model Provider. For all third-party and affiliated Investment Strategies available in Consulting Solutions and RBC UP, we make product profiles available to Financial Professionals to provide to you. These product profiles include the Investment Manager’s or Model Provider’s reported performance and generally present 10 years of an Investment Strategy’s performance history. Your Financial Professional may provide you with information to allow you to compare this Investment Manager or Model Provider performance data with your account and/or Sleeve performance. • Fund Performance. We utilize the Fund’s published performance for review purposes. • Portfolio Advisory Group (PAG). We create performance composites for each PAG Model Portfolio. These composites are comprised of the RBC UP Sleeves invested in each Model Portfolio. We make product profiles for each PAG Model Portfolio available to Financial Professionals to provide to you. These product profiles include our calculated composite performance. Your Financial Professional may provide you with information to allow you to compare this PAG performance data with your account and/or Sleeve performance. Removal of an Investment Manager, Model Provider or Fund Upon written notice to affected clients, we may remove a Model Provider from RBC UP or an Investment Manager from Consulting Solutions if our rating and opinion of the Investment Manager or Model Provider is materially changed. This is RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 21 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  most commonly a result of fundamental developments that are determined to be detrimental to the potential longer-term success of the Model Provider, Investment Manager, or underlying investment strategy (e.g., departure of key personnel, performance, etc.). In such event, we will promptly notify your Introducing Firm, which will in turn consult with you to reallocate applicable account assets to a new Model Provider or Investment Manager. In the event RBC CM removes an Investment Manager from the Consulting Solutions Program, and you do not reallocate applicable account assets prior to the termination of the Investment Manager, we may terminate your Program account. In RBC UP, when RBC CM removes a Model Provider selected by you, if you do not select a new Model Provider before the removal date, we will move your assets to an available Model Portfolio of another Model Provider which we deem, in our sole discretion, to be consistent with the Model Portfolio/Model Provider that is no longer available. If an appropriate Model Portfolio is not available, we will move your assets to an appropriate Fund. In RBC UP, we will provide information to your Introducing Firm regarding a Fund that is no longer eligible for the Program. Your Financial Professional will work with you to select a suitable replacement investment. In RBC UP, we may change the Overlay Managers upon advance written notice to the affected clients. Related Persons as Investment Manager, Model Provider, and/or Overlay Manager, and Associated Conflicts of Interest If you invest in certain Programs described in this brochure, your account may be managed by an Investment Manager that is an affiliate of ours (also referred to as a related person), or that is a client of an affiliate of ours. In addition, we, or our affiliates (or clients of our affiliates) may act as Model Providers. Related persons or their clients acting as Investment Managers or Model Providers are subject to the same eligibility, review, and removal procedures as non- affiliated Investment Managers and Model Providers, as described above. When related persons or their clients act as Investment Managers or Model Providers for Program clients, certain conflicts of interest exist (see Item 9, Material Relationships with Related Persons for more information on conflicts of interest). In some cases, the same Investment Strategies are available in both Consulting Solutions and RBC UP. However, the fees associated with these Investment Strategies may differ, depending on the Program. Generally, the fee rates for Investment Strategies available in both Consulting Solutions and RBC UP are lower in RBC UP than Consulting Solutions due to the services provided in each Program. Consulting Solutions client accounts are separately managed to an Investment Strategy by one or more professional Investment Managers participating in the Program (i.e., the Investment Manager trades in client accounts on a discretionary basis). Alternatively, RBC UP client accounts are professionally managed by us or Envestnet as Overlay Manager, in accordance with Model Portfolios provided by Model Providers or us (i.e., the Overlay Manager trades in client accounts on a discretionary basis to implement Model Portfolios of Model Providers who do not act with discretion). RBC UP accounts may include allocations to the same Investment Strategies available in Consulting Solutions. When we act as Overlay Manager, we retain 0.05% of the Program Fee which gives us an incentive to promote RBC UP over Consulting Solutions. Any difference in fees paid by you and fees we pay to Investment Managers, Model Providers or the Overlay Managers are either paid by us or retained by us. When fees are retained by us, we do not pay any part of the retained fees to Introducing Firms. Therefore, Financial Professionals do not have a direct financial incentive to recommend using Investment Strategies in one Program over the other. However, in Consulting Solutions, RBC CM does, in certain instances, retain a larger portion of the Investment Manager Fee we pay to Investment Managers than the portion of the Model Provider Fee or the Overlay Manager Fee that we pay to Model Providers and Overlay Managers. RBC Affiliate Banks will receive additional economic benefits, in addition to the Program Fee, from cash swept into RBC Insured Deposits. This conflict of interest is greater when higher cash balances are maintained in your account. At times, however, your Financial Professional and/or the Investment Manager(s) or Model Provider(s) may believe that it is in your best interest to maintain assets in cash, particularly for defensive purposes in volatile markets. We address these conflicts of interest through proper disclosure and by also offering in RBC Insured Deposits the ability to opt-out of having your deposits maintained at Affiliate Banks for non-retirement accounts. Additionally, our Cash Sweep Program creates a conflict of interest for us because we have an incentive for you to maintain and direct otherwise uninvested cash in your account to deposits of our Affiliate Banks, where they can use such deposits to generate additional revenue. We also receive revenue for your cash deposits directed to third-party banks or our Affiliates through our Cash Sweep Program. This creates an incentive for us to recommend or direct investments that result in cash being invested through our Cash Sweep Program. By being designated as the Primary Excess Bank in the RBC Insured Deposits program, CNB will receive substantial additional deposits to use in its business to increase its profitability. CNB earns revenue on the difference between the interest paid and other costs it incurs on deposits, and the interest or other income it earns on using deposits for loans, investments, and other assets. Please see the Cash Management section of our public website at www.rbcclearingandcustody.com/disclosures. In the Programs, you may be able to invest in Funds as well as certain other investment products affiliated with RBC CM. Certain conflicts of interest among the issuer, Fund, the Fund manager, and/or the broker or agent may exist as described RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 22 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  in the PPM or prospectus. Where we are affiliated, through common ownership and control by the RBC, with a Fund, Fund manager, issuer or agent, we have an incentive to make our proprietary or affiliated product available over an unaffiliated product, such that the fees and expenses charged by the Fund, Fund manager, issuer or agent are earned by us or our affiliate, rather than a non-affiliate. You may invest in an Investment Manager and/or Model Provider affiliated with RBC CM. We have an incentive to make our affiliated Investment Managers and Model Providers available because RBC CM and its affiliates receive greater revenue. RBC GAM-US RBC GAM-US acts as an Investment Manager in Consulting Solutions and as a Model Provider in RBC UP. This is a conflict of interest as we are incented to make RBC GAM-US available as a Model Provider and Investment Manager over non-affiliates. This conflict of interest is addressed by proper disclosure. If you select RBC GAM-US as your Investment Manager in Consulting Solutions, or as your Model Provider in RBC UP, RBC GAM-US and RBC CM will each collect separate advisory fees. RBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited RBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited (“GAM UK”) acts as a Model Provider in RBC UP. This is a conflict of interest as we are incented to recommend GAM UK over non-affiliates. This conflict of interest is addressed by proper disclosure. If you select GAM UK as your Model Provider in RBC UP, GAM UK and RBC CM will each collect separate advisory fees. RBC CM Acting as Portfolio Manager As discussed above in Item 4, RBC CM acts as the Overlay Manager in RBC UP. Our participation in a Program creates an incentive for us to make such Program available where we are the Portfolio Manager over other qualified and suitable Portfolio Managers. Where RBC CM serves as the Overlay Manager in RBC UP, we charge and retain the Overlay Manager Fee, which is a portion of the Program Fee you pay. You do not pay more for selecting us as the Overlay Manager, however, we do retain additional compensation when we are selected over another qualified and suitable unaffiliated Investment Manager or Overlay Manager. PAG provides timely, independent information to our Financial Professionals and their clients by independently analyzing research from its research providers. The research that is produced by PAG is intended to provide a broad and extensive array of fundamental research in the marketplace by focusing on key analysts, recommendations, and trends within their research sources, including those of RBC CM as well as through nationally recognized correspondents. PAG has also created equity portfolios for use by your Financial Professional and their clients. In the RBC UP program, these portfolios are available in the form of Model Portfolios. In the RBC Advisor program, Financial Professionals may implement these portfolios in part or in full in client accounts. PAG does not receive compensation for providing these models to us or Financial Professionals. PAG has also created fixed income portfolios. These portfolios are available as Model Portfolios in the RBC UP program. PAG does not receive compensation for providing these models to us. While the research conducted in creating Model Portfolios is independent, RBC CM has a conflict of interest because we have an incentive to use certain Funds in a model and 1) receive additional compensation from the investments made in certain Funds and/or 2) use Funds managed by an affiliate of RBC CM. We mitigate this conflict of interest by disclosure and subjecting the Model Portfolios created by PAG to review by an RBC CM internal oversight committee on a regular basis, consistent with performance standards employed when reviewing unaffiliated Investment Managers and Model Providers. Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management RBC CM does not charge performance-based fees in the Programs. However, certain Funds available in the Programs may be subject to performance-based fees or varying expense charges imposed by the Fund manager. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies The methods of analysis used and Investment Strategies available in each Program are described above in the “Services, Fees and Compensation” and the “Portfolio Manager Selection and Evaluation” sections. We obtain information from various sources, including: financial publications; company press releases and securities filings; research and due diligence material prepared by RBC CM, our affiliates and third parties; rating or timing services; regulatory and self-regulatory reports; third- party data; and research providers, professionals and other public sources. Financial Professionals may use research, model portfolios and asset allocation recommendations provided by RBC CM, RBC CM affiliates and third parties to make recommendations to you. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 23 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  Risk of Loss Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. There is no guarantee of performance for any investment strategy implemented or recommended by your Financial Professional, and the value of a client’s investments will fluctuate due to market conditions and other factors. Investments are subject to various risks, including, but not limited to, market, liquidity, currency, economic, and political risk, and will not necessarily be profitable. Past performance does not predict or guarantee any level of future performance. For the strategies used in the Programs, equities, Funds, options, and fixed income securities are the primary investments. Below are certain material risk factors associated with the Programs and the strategies utilized in the Programs. There are certain other risk factors described throughout this brochure. For more details on material risk factors associated with Investment Managers and their Investment Strategies, Model Portfolios of Model Providers, and/or the services of the Overlay Manager in applicable Programs, please refer to each Investment Manager’s, Model Provider’s, and/or the Overlay Manager’s Form ADV Part 2A brochure and/or other similar disclosure documents. In addition, always read the prospectus or other offering documents for a full description of risks associated with the particular investment. You are urged to consult with your Financial Professional to discuss the risks associated with any investment strategy, particular investments, and securities, and/or transactions recommended or effected in your Program account(s). Some of the material risks are as follows: • Market Risk. The value of securities owned by an investor may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to factors affecting certain industries and/or securities markets generally. • Interest Rate Risk. Fixed income securities will decline in value because of an increase in interest rates; a bond or a fixed income fund with a longer duration will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a bond or bond fund with a shorter duration. • Economic Conditions Risk. The economic, political, or financial developments will, from time to time, result in periods of volatility or other adverse effects that could negatively impact your account. • Credit Risk. Investors could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income security is unable or unwilling to meet its financial obligations. • Liquidity Risk. Investors would not be able to sell or redeem an investment quickly without significantly affecting the price. Liquidity risk is heightened when markets are distressed. Generally, alternative investments and interval funds have higher liquidity risk than securities traded on exchanges, fixed income securities or open-end mutual funds. • Risks Relating to Equities. The price may rise or fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, because of changes in a company’s financial condition. These price movements can result from economic changes or macro factors such as the economic performance of a particular country, interest rate movements, and international developments. Sector or industry developments as well as changes in government regulations may affect equity prices. • Risk Relating to Debt Securities. Debt securities, such as bonds, involve interest rate risk, credit risk, extension risk, prepayment risk, and other types of risks. In addition, the value of debt securities may fluctuate in response to market movements or issues that affect particular industries or issuers. When interest rates fall, the issuers of debt securities may prepay principal more quickly than expected, and investors may have to reinvest the proceeds at a lower interest rate. This is known as “prepayment risk.” When interest rates rise, debt securities may be repaid more slowly than expected, and the value of the debt security can fall sharply. This is known as “extension risk.” Certain types of debt securities may be subject to “call and redemption risk,” which is the risk that the issuer may call a bond for redemption before it matures, and the investor may lose income. • Risks Relating to Specific Styles. Different types of stocks tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market and economic conditions. To the extent a portfolio emphasizes a value or growth style of investing, a portfolio runs the risk that undervalued companies’ valuations will never improve or that growth companies may be more volatile than other types of investments, respectively. • Risks Relating to Securities-Based Lending. Certain Program accounts may be eligible for Margin or other types of securities-based lending as part of RBC CM’s brokerage services. The extension of credit may be obtained through Lending Programs, as described above. Prior to enrollment in such Lending Programs, you should carefully review that Lending Program’s agreement and disclosure document and understand the risks associated with leveraging your account. You must carefully consider: — Whether or not you can afford, and want, to assume the additional risks that losses in your account may be significantly greater than if you decide not to invest with borrowed funds (i.e., not to use leverage). Leveraging your account may increase your risks and make your investment objectives more difficult to realize you may lose more than your original investment; RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 24 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  — You will pay interest on the outstanding loan balance; thus, the use of leverage will increase your costs of investing; — Since the Program Fee is calculated as a percentage of the net market value in a Program account, the use of Margin to purchase additional securities in a Program account will increase the net market value of the Program account by the value of such additional securities purchased with the proceeds of the Margin loan (and will not be offset by the amount of the client’s Margin debit held in the account outside of the Program). This will result in a higher Program Fee that you pay to us and your Introducing Firm. This will result in additional compensation to RBC CM, Introducing Firm and, if applicable, its Financial Professionals; — RBC CM, or a third-party lender, can force the sale of Program assets to satisfy collateral requirements without notice to you; — Neither RBC CM nor our affiliates will act as an investment adviser to you with respect to the liquidations of securities held in a Program account to meet collateral requirements. These liquidations will be executed in our capacity as broker-dealer and creditor and may, as permitted by and in accordance with applicable laws, rules, and regulations, including the Advisers Act, result in executions on a principal basis in your account; and — Under these circumstances, RBC CM cannot guarantee a favorable price on the sale of Program assets or that the liquidations align with your investment strategy or Advisory Risk Profile. RBC CM is permitted to lend or utilize Margin securities in its possession and receives compensation in connection with the use of such securities. The costs associated with Lending Programs is not included in the Program Fee and will result in additional compensation to RBC CM and/or our affiliates, and Introducing Firm and, if applicable, its Financial Professionals. For more information, please see the “Margin Disclosure Statement” on our public website at www.rbcclearingandcustody.com/disclosures. • Risks Relating to Money Market Funds. An investment in a money market fund is neither insured nor guaranteed by the FDIC or any other government agency. Although money market funds seek to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, there is no assurance that will occur, and it is possible to lose money if the fund value per share falls. Moreover, in some circumstances, money market funds may be forced to cease operations when the value of a fund drops below $1.00 per share. If this happens, the fund’s holdings are liquidated and distributed to the fund’s shareholders. This liquidation process is likely to take a month or more. During that time, these funds would not be available to you to support purchases, withdrawals and, if applicable, check writing or other money movement debits from your account. • Concentration Risk. To the extent a client concentrates their investments by investing a significant portion of its assets in the securities of a single issuer, industry, sector, country or region, the overall adverse impact on the client of adverse developments in the business of such issuer, such industry or such government could be considerably greater than if they did not concentrate their investments to such an extent. • Sector Risk. To the extent a client account invests more heavily in particular sectors, industries, or sub‐sectors of the market, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors, industries, or sub‐sectors. An individual sector, industry, or sub‐sector of the market may be more volatile, and may perform differently, than the broader market. The several industries that constitute a sector may not all react in the same way to economic, political, or regulatory events. A client account’s performance could be affected if the sectors, industries, or sub‐sectors do not perform as expected. Alternatively, the lack of exposure to one or more sectors or industries may adversely affect performance. • Risks Relating to Foreign Securities and Emerging Markets. Investments in securities of foreign issuers denominated in foreign currencies are subject to risks in addition to the risks of securities of U.S. issuers. These risks include political and economic risks, civil conflicts and war, greater volatility, expropriation and nationalization risks, sanctions or other measures by the United States or other governments, currency fluctuations, higher transactions costs, delayed settlement, possible foreign controls on investment, liquidity risks, and less stringent investor protection and disclosure standards of some foreign markets. Events and evolving conditions in certain economies or markets may alter the risks associated with investments tied to countries or regions that historically were perceived as comparatively stable becoming riskier and more volatile. These risks are magnified in countries in emerging markets, which may have relatively unstable governments and less-established market economies than those of developed countries. Emerging markets may face greater social, economic, regulatory, and political uncertainties. These risks make emerging market securities more volatile and less liquid than securities issued in more developed countries. For more information, see the “Risks Related to Foreign Securities and Foreign Currencies section” in the Customer Account Agreement and Disclosure, available on our public website at www.rbcclearingandcustody.com/disclosures. • High Yield Securities Risk. Certain strategies invest in securities and instruments that are issued by companies that are highly leveraged, less creditworthy, or financially distressed. These investments (known as junk bonds) are considered speculative and are subject to greater risk of loss, greater sensitivity to interest rate and economic changes, valuation difficulties, and potential illiquidity. For more information see the “High-Yield Securities Disclosure” on our public website at www.rbcclearingandcustody.com/disclosures. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 25 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  • Counterparty Risk. An account may have exposure to the credit risk of counterparties with which it deals in connection with the investment of its assets, whether engaged in exchange traded or off-exchange transactions or through brokers, dealers, custodians, and exchanges through which it engages. In addition, many protections afforded to cleared transactions, such as the security afforded by transacting through a clearing house, might not be available in connection with over-the-counter (“OTC”) transactions. Therefore, in those instances in which an account enters into OTC transactions, the account will be subject to the risk that its direct counterparty will not perform its obligations under the transactions and will sustain losses. • Derivatives Risk. Certain strategies may use derivatives. Derivatives, including forward currency contracts, futures, options and commodity-linked derivatives and swaps, may be riskier than other types of investments because they may be more sensitive to changes in economic and market conditions, and could result in losses that significantly exceed the investor’s original investment in the derivative. Many derivatives create leverage thereby causing a portfolio to be more volatile than it would have been if it had not been exposed to such derivatives. Derivatives also expose a portfolio to counterparty risk (the risk that the derivative counterparty will not fulfill its contractual obligations), including the credit risk of the derivative counterparty. Certain derivatives are synthetic instruments that attempt to replicate the performance of certain reference assets. Regarding such derivatives, an investor does not have a claim on the reference assets and is subject to enhanced counterparty risk. Derivatives may not perform as expected, so an investor may not realize the intended benefits. The possible lack of a liquid secondary market for derivatives and the resulting ability to sell or otherwise close a derivatives position could expose a portfolio to losses. Additionally, certain derivatives are subject to position limits imposed by regulators, and the investment adviser will not be able to obtain additional exposure if these limits are reached. When used for hedging, the change in value of a derivative may not correlate as expected with what is being hedged. In addition, given their complexity, derivatives expose an investor to risks of mispricing or improper valuation. Voting Client Securities (Proxy Voting) In the Advisory Agreement, you indicate your proxy voting authority election for each Program account. If you designate “Client” to vote proxies, we will forward all proxy solicitation to you (or another third-party designated by you) all proxy- related materials, annual and interim reports, and other issuer-related materials that RBC CM receives pertaining to the securities in your Program account(s). If you designate “Manager” to vote proxies, you authorize a third-party Investment Manager(s), Overlay Manager (i.e., Envestnet or RBC CM), if applicable, to vote proxies on your behalf. Your designation is only valid if accepted by that designee. If you designate “Manager” to vote proxies, we will not provide you with notice that we have received a proxy solicitation, nor will we or any third-party Investment Manager or proxy voting agent consult with you before casting a vote. In certain circumstances, based on the Program or Investment Manager selected by you, your proxy voting authority preference may not be available. If your preference is not available for the Program(s) in which you are enrolled, or the Investment Manager or Overlay Manager have elected to not vote client proxies, we will default your proxy voting authority to “Client” for that account. If you or RBC CM terminate a Program account, RBC CM will revert proxy voting authority to you or another third-party selected by you. Except as provided below, RBC CM will not take any action regarding the voting of proxy solicitations related to securities held in your account(s). You may change your proxy voting election at any time upon written notice to your Financial Professional, in accordance with your Advisory Agreement. Investment Managers and the Overlay Managers retain the right to rescind their acceptance of the proxy authorization or start voting client proxies at any time. If an Investment Manager or the Overlay Manager elects to stop voting proxies, we will forward proxy voting materials to you (or a third-party agent designated by you), and if an Investment Manager or Overlay Manager elects to start voting proxies, we will send to them all proxy related materials and you will not receive them. RBC Advisor In RBC Advisor, clients retain the right and authority to vote all proxies for securities. RBC CM does not have, and will not accept, authority to vote client securities held in RBC Advisor accounts. In the Advisory Agreement, if you designate “Manager” to vote proxies for any RBC Advisor account, we will default proxy voting authority to you, “Client”, and in accordance with applicable law, we will forward to you (or a third-party agent designated by you) all proxy-related materials, annual reports, and other issuer-related materials that RBC CM receives pertaining to the securities in your Program account(s). RBC UP If you designate “Manager” to vote proxies for your account(s) in RBC UP, RBC CM or Envestnet as Overlay Manager will vote proxies on your behalf. When we vote proxies, we have a fiduciary responsibility to vote proxies in a manner that we believe is consistent with your best interest and in accordance with the policies and procedures adopted by RBC CM. We have retained an independent third-party proxy voting agent (Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”)) to provide fundamental research and independent RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 26 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  voting recommendations based on its standard proxy voting guidelines, and to vote proxies in your account(s) on our behalf. The proxy voting guidelines set forth by ISS are reasonably designed to identify potential conflicts of interest when voting proxies on a client’s behalf. The engagement of ISS as our agent is not intended to be a delegation of our proxy voting responsibilities and does not relieve us of any fiduciary obligations with respect to the voting of proxies. While RBC CM uses its best efforts to vote proxies, there are instances when we do not vote proxies because voting is not practical or is not in the best interest of clients. For example, casting a vote on a foreign security may involve additional costs or may prevent, for a period of time, sales of shares that have been voted. RBC CM has implemented policies reasonably designed to identify potential material conflicts of interest to help us vote proxies without undue influence from individuals or groups who may have an economic interest in the outcome of a proxy vote. These policies include: • Causing the proxies to be delegated to an independent third-party; • Causing the independent third-party to use predetermined voting guidelines; • Causing proxies to be voted in accordance with recommendations of an independent third-party. You may contact your Financial Professional to request and obtain a copy of our proxy voting policies and procedures, ISS’ standard proxy voting guidelines, and records of how RBC CM voted proxies with respect to securities held in your Program account(s). Consulting Solutions If you designate “Manager” to vote proxies for your account(s) in Consulting Solution, such designation is subject to acceptance by the applicable Investment Manager. Pursuant to this designation, you (i) authorize the selected Investment Manager to receive the proxy-related materials, annual and interim reports, and other issuer-related materials for securities in your account(s), and (ii) delegate to the Investment Manager the proxy voting rights for those securities. If an Investment Manager has elected to not vote client proxies, you (or another third-party agent designated by you) will be responsible for voting proxies for the securities in your account(s). Retirement Accounts With respect to retirement accounts subject to Title I of ERISA, we shall have no responsibility or authority to vote proxies on behalf of any such account. The right to direct the voting of proxies is reserved to a named fiduciary of the plan as selected by you. Unless you indicate otherwise in the Advisory Agreement, RBC CM, your Introducing Firm, the Investment Manager(s) selected by you, and/or the Overlay Manager(s) are expressly precluded from voting proxies on behalf of any retirement account subject to Title I of ERISA (although we may, in our capacity as a broker, act pursuant to the instructions of a named plan fiduciary). We deem the authority to vote proxies as expressly reserved to a named plan fiduciary and therefore, we have no obligation and will not accept any authority to take action on your behalf with respect to any proxy-related material. ITEM 7: CLIENT INFORMATION PROVIDED TO PORTFOLIO MANAGERS Except as otherwise agreed to in writing or as required or permitted by law, RBC CM will keep confidential all information concerning your identity, financial data, and investments. We share relevant client information with (1) the Investment Manager(s) and/or Overlay Manager(s) selected by you in order for such Investment Manager(s) and/or Overlay Manager(s) to adequately manage your Program account, and (2) certain companies that we or your selected Investment Manager(s) and/or Overlay Manager(s) partner with to service your Program account(s). Recommendations and advice given to you by your select Investment Manager(s) and/or Overlay Manager(s), as applicable, will be regarded as confidential among you and such Investment Manager(s) and/or Overlay Manager(s). ITEM 8: CLIENT CONTACT WITH PORTFOLIO MANAGERS Introducing Firm, through RBC CM, shall serve as the liaison for communications between you and the Investment Managers and/or Overlay Managers selected by you. We do not restrict you from contacting and consulting with Introducing Firm or your Financial Professional. Clients are encouraged to review the Form ADV Part 2A brochure(s) or other similar disclosure documents of any Investment Manager(s), the Overlay Manager (Envestnet), and/or Model Providers for information on whether they have any of their own restrictions on direct client communication. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 27 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  ITEM 9: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Disciplinary Information The following is a summary of certain adverse legal and disciplinary events and regulatory settlements during the last 10 years that may be material to your decision of whether to retain us for your investment advisory needs. You can find additional information regarding these settlements in Part 1 of our Form ADV at adviserinfo.sec.gov. • In June 2025, RBC CM entered into a settlement (the “Settlement”) with the Securities Division of the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts regarding allegations that RBC CM charged unreasonable commission for certain equity transactions, and did not reasonably supervise these transactions in violation of § 204(a) (2)(J) of the Massachusetts Uniform Securities Act. RBC CM agreed to pay restitution in an amount no less than $113,295.06, plus 6% compounded interest, to affected Massachusetts customers. RBC CM also agreed to provide restitution, plus 6% compounded interest, to affected customers of other jurisdictions that agree to the terms of an agreement (“Term Sheet”) between RBC CM and a multi-state group, including Massachusetts, executed contemporaneously with the Settlement. RBC CM agreed to pay an administrative fine in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,095,000 to the jurisdictions agreeing to the terms of the Term Sheet, which includes $25,000 to be paid to Massachusetts. • On August 14, 2024, RBC CM entered into a settlement order with the SEC in connection with RBC CM’s recordkeeping practices concerning business-related electronic communications sent or received by firm personnel using non-approved channels or methods (“off-channel communications”). The SEC found that from at least June 2019 to August 2024, RBC CM willfully violated Section 17(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 17a-4(b)(4) thereunder and Section 204 of the Advisers Act and Rule 204-2(a)(7) thereunder in connection with RBC CM’s failure to maintain and preserve the substantial majority of off-channel communications of its personnel that were records required to be maintained under Exchange Act Rule 17a-4(b)(4) and/or Advisers Act Rule 204-2(a)(7); and therefore, failed to reasonably supervise its personnel within the meaning of Section 15(b)(4)(E) of the Exchange Act and Section 203(e)(6) of the Advisers Act. RBC CM admitted to the facts in the settlement order and acknowledged its conduct violated the federal securities laws. The SEC ordered RBC CM to cease and desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of Section 17(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 17a-4(b)(4) thereunder and Section 204 of the Advisers Act and Rule 204-2 thereunder, censured it for its conduct, ordered it to pay a civil monetary penalty in the amount of $45,000,000, and ordered it to comply with the undertakings enumerated in the settlement order. • RBC CM consented to FINRA sanctions and findings that its supervisory system did not provide certain customers with mutual fund sales charge waivers and fee rebates to which they were entitled through rights of reinstatement offered by mutual fund companies, which resulted in the payment of $264,939.44 in excess sales charges and fees by eligible customers. On July 2, 2024, RBC CM was censured, fined $75,000 and required to certify that it had remediated the issues and implement reasonably designed supervisory system, including written supervisory procedures (“WSPs”). The firm also made full restitution, plus interest, to the affected customers. • RBC CM consented to FINRA sanctions and findings that it sent trade confirmations to customers that contained inaccurate information. The findings stated that the firm sent its institutional customers confirmations for fixed income transactions, including certain municipal securities transactions, that inaccurately stated that the transactions were executed in an agency capacity, when they were executed in a principal capacity. The firm also sent its institutional customers trade confirmations that inaccurately stated that certain transactions that were solicited were unsolicited and vice versa. In addition, the firm failed to deliver trade confirmations to customers that had requested electronic delivery of trade confirmations and failed to send trade confirmations for millions of dividend reinvestment program (“DRIP”) transactions. The findings also stated that the firm failed to establish, maintain, and enforce a supervisory system, including WSPs, reasonably designed to achieve compliance with trade confirmation requirements. The findings also included that the firm violated Regulation T promulgated by the board of governors of the federal reserve system under Section 7 of the Exchange Act by extending credit to certain customers of the firm and its introducing firms, which resulted in hundreds of incorrectly executed trades in those accounts and the frequent selling of the positions at issue to generate proceeds to cover the purchases. In connection with these transactions, customer accounts incurred commissions, markups, markdowns, and fees totaling $392,525.50, that they would not otherwise have incurred had the firm cancelled the trades. In addition, introducing firm customer accounts incurred $1,308 in fees in connection with these trades that they would not have incurred had the firm cancelled the trades. On April 29, 2024, RBC CM was censured, fined $375,000, ordered to pay $393,833.50 in restitution to customers, and required to certify that it has remediated the issues and implemented a supervisory system, including WSPs. • On November 2, 2023, RBC CM entered into a settlement with the SEC resulting in the SEC issuing an order (the “Order”). RBC CM consented to the entry of the Order that found that RBC CM failed to make and keep books, records, and accounts, which, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflected the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the issuer, and failed to devise and maintain a system of internal account controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 28 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  accepted accounting principles. The Order directs that RBC CM cease-and-desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of Sections 13(B)(2)(A) and 13(B)(2)(B) of the Exchange Act. On November 2, 2023, without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM consented to the Order and was fined $6,000,0000. • In May 2023, RBC CM entered into a settlement with the Commonwealth of Virginia’s State Corporation Commission’s Division of Securities and Retail Franchising (the “Division”) regarding allegations that it employed an investment adviser representative in the Commonwealth of Virginia without that person being duly registered with the Division, in violation of § 13.1-504 c (ii) of the Virginia Securities Act. RBC CM agreed to pay a $10,000 monetary penalty and $1,000 for the cost of the investigation. • In April 2023, without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM reached a settlement with FINRA and consented to sanctions and the entry of findings that it failed to establish and maintain a supervisory system reasonably designed to achieve compliance with its suitability obligations in connection with syndicate preferred stock in brokerage accounts. The findings stated that while the firm’s procedures called for supervisors to closely examine representatives’ short-term trading of preferred stocks, the firm’s electronic surveillance of short-term trading in preferred stock was unreasonably designed, and it failed to monitor for that activity. Although the surveillance system had certain alerts that specifically monitored for short-term trading in other products, such as closed-end funds, it did not have any alerts that specifically monitored for short-term trading in preferred stock. The firm also did not have any other alerts that flagged the purchase and sale within 180 days of syndicate preferred stock. Certain of the firm’s registered representatives recommended that a number of the firm’s retail customers purchase syndicate preferred stocks, and then sold the positions within 180 days, and such customers sustained losses on these transactions. The firm earned $653,313 in selling concessions from these syndicate purchases and $128,643 in sales commissions from the subsequent sales. The firm conducted a substantial syndicate preferred stock business yet did not maintain a reasonable supervisory system to monitor whether its representatives recommended short-term trading of syndicate preferred securities that was unsuitable, including for the purpose of capturing sales concessions and commissions. The firm was censured, fined $300,000, ordered to pay $128,643.17, plus interest, in restitution to customers, ordered to pay $653,312.83, plus interest, in disgorgement, and required to certify that it has remediated the issues identified in this AWC and implemented a supervisory system, including WSPs, reasonably designed to achieve compliance with FINRA Rule 3110 regarding the issues identified in this AWC. • On March 3, 2022, RBC CM affiliate and registered investment adviser, CNR, reached a settlement with the SEC concerning CNR’s breach of its fiduciary duty relating to the use of proprietary Funds and certain share classes in advisory accounts. Those Funds generated fees for CNR and its affiliates, rather than competitor funds within the same asset classes that may not have generated such fees, and created a conflict that was not disclosed. The SEC determined that CNR willfully violated sections 206(2) and 206(4) of the Advisers Act as well as Rule 206(4)-7 by failing to adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violations of the Advisers Act. Under the terms of the settlement, CNR paid $30,361,804 in fines, disgorgement, and interest. • Without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM consented to the sanctions and to the entry of findings that it failed to establish, maintain, and enforce a supervisory system, including WSPs, reasonably designed to achieve compliance with FINRA and Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (“MSRB”) rules with respect to representatives’ recommendations of high-yield corporate and municipal bonds. The findings stated that the firm’s policies and procedures did not sufficiently address the suitability factors that representatives should consider before recommending high-yield bonds. On December 15, 2021, RBC CM was censured, fined $550,000, and ordered to pay $456,155, plus interest, in restitution to customers. • On September 17, 2021, RBC CM entered into a settlement with the SEC resulting in the SEC issuing an order (the “Order”). RBC CM consented to the entry of the Order which found that from 2014-2017, RBC CM engaged in improper conduct in connection with the allocation, purchase, and sale of certain new issue municipal bond offerings in violation of internal procedures, as well as MSRB and SEC rules. The Order found that RBC CM’s conduct violated MSRB and SEC rules. The Order censured RBC CM and required RBC CM to pay disgorgement of $552,440, prejudgment interest of $160,886.97, and $150,000 as a civil penalty to the SEC. Such payments were made by RBC CM on September 22, 2021. • The Virginia State Corporation Commission found that, from December 1, 2017, through November 27, 2020, RBC CM employed an investment adviser representative (“IAR”) who was registered in the District of Columbia but not Virginia and that RBC CM failed to enforce its written supervisory procedures regarding IAR registration. On September 8, 2021, RBC CM executed the settlement order which states that RBC CM neither admits nor denies the Virginia state corporation commission’s allegations and paid a $10,000 civil penalty. • It was found by the NYSE that RBC CM violated NYSE Rule 3110(a) and (b) (Supervision) by failing to establish and maintain a supervisory system and WSPs reasonably designed to detect and prevent errors in market on close orders. On July 6, 2021, RBC CM entered into a letter of acceptance, waiver and consent with the NYSE under which RBC CM consented to the sanctions and was censured and fined $10,000. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 29 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  • It was found that RBC CM violated SEC Rule 15c3-5(b) and (c)(1)(ii) and Rules 3.2 and 5.1 of the CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc., CBOE EDGA Exchange, Inc., CBOE BYX Exchange, Inc., and CBOE EDGX Exchange, Inc. due to the fact that the Firm’s financial risk management controls and supervisory procedures were not reasonably designed to (i) prevent the entry of erroneous orders, (ii) reject orders that exceed appropriate price or size parameters, on an order-by-order basis or over a short period of time, or (iii) reject duplicative orders. On March 30, 2021, without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM was censured and fined $45,000 by CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc., $45,000 by CBOE EDGA Exchange, Inc., $70,000 by CBOE BYX Exchange, Inc. and $45,000 by CBOE EDGX Exchange, Inc. • The Massachusetts Securities Division found that RBC CM failed to adequately supervise its representatives with respect to concentration and suitability of master limited partnership energy and telecom positions in certain client accounts. On February 2, 2021, without admitting to any supervisory deficiencies, RBC CM agreed to the described sanctions and fines totaling $320,267.41. • Without admitting or denying the findings, on December 15, 2020, RBC CM consented to the sanctions and to the entry of findings that it failed to establish and maintain a supervisory system reasonably designed to supervise representatives’ recommendations to customers to purchase particular share classes of 529 college savings plans. The findings stated that RBC CM did not provide adequate guidance to representatives regarding the importance of considering share class differences when recommending 529 plans and had no procedures requiring supervisors to review 529 plan share class recommendations for suitability. RBC CM updated its procedures to include such a requirement, but the updated procedures failed to adequately instruct supervisors to consider either the age of the beneficiary or the number of years until expected withdrawals, both critical factors in determining the suitability of the recommended share class. Also, RBC CM did not consistently provide supervisors with the information necessary to review the suitability of 529 plan share class recommendations. Later, RBC CM issued a company-wide compliance alert that provided guidance to representatives regarding 529 plan share class recommendations. RBC CM then updated its supervisory systems and procedures with respect to 529 share class recommendations. Among other things, RBC CM instructed supervisors to consider the age of the beneficiary when assessing the suitability of a representative’s 529 share class recommendation. RBC CM has agreed to pay restitution and interest relating to the sale of class C shares to certain 529 plan customers in the estimated amount of $839,803. • The SEC found that from at least July 2012 through August 2017, RBC CM disadvantaged certain retirement plan and charitable organization brokerage customers who maintained accounts at RBC CM (“Eligible Customers”) by failing to ascertain that they were eligible for a less expensive share class and recommending and selling them more expensive share classes in certain open-end Funds when less expensive share classes were available. RBC CM did so without disclosing that it would receive greater compensation from the Eligible Customers’ purchases of the more expensive share classes. Eligible Customers did not have sufficient information to understand that RBC CM had a conflict of interest resulting from compensation it received for selling the more expensive share classes. Specifically, RBC CM recommended and sold these Eligible Customers class A shares with an up-front sales charge, or class B or class C shares with a back- end contingent deferred sales charge (a deferred sales charge the purchaser pays if the purchaser sells the shares during a specified time period following the purchase) and higher ongoing fees and expenses, when these Eligible Customers were eligible to purchase load-waived class A and/or no-load class R shares. RBC CM omitted material information concerning its compensation when it recommended the more expensive share classes. RBC CM also did not disclose that the purchase of the more expensive share classes would negatively impact the overall return on the Eligible Customers’ investments, in light of the different fee structures for the different fund share classes. In making those recommendations of more expensive share classes while omitting material facts, RBC CM violated sections 17(a)(2) and 17(a)(3) of the Securities Act. These provisions prohibit, respectively, in the offer or sale of securities, obtaining money or property by means of an omission to state a material fact necessary to make statements made not misleading, and engaging in a course of business which operates as a fraud or deceit on the purchaser. As a result of the conduct described above, RBC CM willfully violated sections 17(a)(2) and 17(a)(3) of the Securities Act. On April 24, 2020, RBC CM was censured and paid disgorgement of $2,607,676, prejudgment interest of $631,331, plus a civil monetary penalty of $650,000. • Without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM consented to the sanctions and the entry of findings that RBC CM entered 670 principal orders with incorrect origin codes, indicating that the orders were for customers instead of RBC CM. The findings state that RBC CM ignored red flags and failed to remedy the pattern of entering and executing orders with incorrect origin codes. In addition, for the calendar year 2018 RBC CM conducted 11 of 12 monthly origin code reviews late because RBC CM failed to enforce its procedures requiring timely origin code reviews. Between August 28, 2019, and October 2, 2019, RBC CM settled for a total of $100,000 across eight exchanges (NASDAQ PHLX LLC $7,138; NASDAQ Stock Markets/The NASDAQ Options Market $5,687; CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc. $28,271; NASDAQ ISE, LLC Fine $6,721; NYSE American LLC $4,098; NYSE ARCA, Inc. $5,509; CBOE Exchange, Inc.: $36,592; and CBOE C2 Exchange, Inc., $5,984). • FINRA found that from March 2008 to June 2016, RBC CM failed to make the statutorily required delivery of prospectuses to customers who purchased approximately 165,000 ETFs and notes and hundreds of thousands of open-end and closed- end mutual funds. RBC CM failed to design, implement, and enforce a reasonable supervisory system, procedures and set RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 30 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  of controls to comply with prospectus delivery rules for Funds and as a result, failed to discover the delivery failures until FINRA’s investigation into the matter. On October 17, 2019, RBC CM was censured and fined in the amount of $2,900,000. • RBC CM self-reported to the SEC the violations described below pursuant to the Division of Enforcement’s Share Class Selection Disclosure Initiative (“SCSD Initiative”). The SEC found that RBC CM, during the period of January 1, 2014, through March 27, 2017, failed to make adequate disclosures, in its Form ADV or otherwise, regarding its Fund share class selection practices, and the 12b-1 fees it received, in connection with advisory account transactions. Specifically, at times during the relevant period, RBC CM purchased, recommended, or held in advisory accounts Fund share classes that charged 12b-1 fees instead of lower cost share classes in the same fund. The SEC found that RBC CM failed to adequately disclose the receipt of the 12b-1 fees and the associated conflict of interest, thereby willfully violating Sections 206(2) and 207 of the Advisers Act. On March 11, 2019, without admitting or denying the findings, the SEC issued, and the firm consented to the entry of an order (the “Order”) that censured RBC CM and directs it to cease-and-desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of Sections 206(2) and 207 of the Advisers Act. Additionally, the Order requires Respondent to pay disgorgement of $10,494,813.38, prejudgment interest of $1,220,581.34, and to comply with the other undertakings enumerated in the Order as part of the settlement. • FINRA found that RBC CM failed to identify and apply sales charge discounts to eligible customer transactions in UITs. This resulted in customers paying, in total, with respect to approximately 4,399 eligible transactions, excess sales charges in the amount of approximately $502,088.88. In addition, it was found that RBC CM failed to effectively inform and train registered representatives and supervisors to ensure the proper procedures were followed and applicable sales charge discounts were applied. On April 4, 2016; RBC CM was censured and fined $225,000 and ordered to pay $502,088.88 plus interest in restitution to customers. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations Broker-Dealer Registrations RBC CM is registered with the SEC as a broker-dealer and investment adviser. Certain of RBC CM’s management personnel and all of its Financial Professionals and their supervisors are registered with FINRA as representatives of RBC CM in its capacity as a broker-dealer. Further, RBC CM is a member of the NYSE, FINRA, SIPC, and several other exchanges and self- regulatory organizations. Futures/Commodities-Related Registrations RBC CM is also registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) as a futures commission merchant and swap firm. Material Relationships with Related Persons RBC C&C provides clearing and custodial services on a fully disclosed basis to broker-dealers, including Introducing Firm, who are charged fees based on their use of these services. We, in our capacity as a securities broker-dealer, investment banker and investment adviser, are routinely engaged in various securities transactions and trading activities for various clients and customers (in addition to you) which could create conflicts of interest among our duties to you and our duties to other clients and customers. In addition to sponsoring the Programs, RBC CM sponsors other investment advisory programs and engages in a broad range of brokerage and other financial services. Contact your Introducing Firm or Financial Professional for information regarding these programs. These include public and private investment banking and underwriting, retail and institutional brokerage and trading, institutional research and numerous other brokerage, advisory and financial services. Clients of RBC CM may include Investment Managers and Overlay Managers available in the Programs. We have multiple affiliated entities engaged in many different business activities. The business interests of our affiliates may not align with the interests of our brokerage services. Consequently, our firm may be subject to pressure from our affiliates to protect their business interests. This pressure creates a conflict of interest because it incentivizes us to make certain products and services available to you in a manner which best protects those business interests. RBC CM and our affiliates may give advice and take action in performing our duties to other clients that differs from advice given, or the timing and nature of action taken, with respect to you. In the course of our respective investment banking activities or otherwise, we and our affiliates may, from time to time, acquire material non-public or other information about corporations or other entities or their securities. We and our affiliates are not obligated and may not be permitted to divulge any such information to or for the benefit of clients, or otherwise act on the basis of any such information in providing services to clients. We, our related persons, and affiliates may purchase for our own accounts securities that are made available to Program clients. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 31 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  RBC GAM-US RBC GAM-US is an affiliate of RBC CM. RBC GAM-US is a federally registered investment adviser that provides portfolio management services to institutional separate accounts, registered investment companies, pooled vehicles, and portfolio management services for wrap fee accounts and Model Portfolios offered by other Providers. RBC CM makes RBC GAM-US available as an Investment Manager in the Consulting Solutions Program and as a Model Provider in RBC UP. In the Cash Sweep Program, you may have a balance in the RBC BlueBay U.S. Government Money Market Fund-Institutional Investor Class 2 (TIMXX) or the RBC BlueBay U.S. Government Money Market Fund-Investor Class (TUIXX), both managed by RBC GAM-US. A lower cost share class of the same RBC BlueBay U.S. Government Money Market Fund (TUGXX) is also available outside of the Cash Sweep Program. TUGXX is subject to eligibility requirements for Retirement Accounts. For amounts invested in shares of the RBC GAM-US managed money market fund, our affiliate RBC GAM-US will receive fees for managing and servicing the fund. RBC GAM-US will also pay RBC CM 12b-1 fees, which provides us with another incentive to use this money market fund instead of another fund that does not pay us the same or any revenue share. We address this conflict of interest by proper disclosure. City National Rochdale CNR is a subsidiary of CNB. CNR is a federally registered investment adviser that provides investment management services to high-net-worth individuals, families, and foundations. CNR may also serve as investment adviser and/or sub-adviser to Funds that may be recommended by RBC CM. This is a conflict of interest as we are incented to make available Funds subadvised by CNR or third-party Funds sub-advised by CNR. This conflict of interest is addressed by proper disclosure and by rebating or not charging certain fees to Retirement Accounts in Consulting Solutions and RBC UP. RBC US Holdco Corporation RBC CM, RBC GAM-US and CNB are wholly owned subsidiaries of RBC USA Holdco Corporation, which is a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of RBC. RBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited GAM UK is a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of RBC and an affiliate of RBC CM. GAM UK serves as an investment sub- adviser to certain U.S. registered Funds for which RBC GAM-US or other third parties serve as the investment adviser. Such Funds may be recommended by RBC CM. This is a conflict of interest as we have an incentive to recommend Funds that are sub-advised by our affiliates over other products. To the extent permitted by applicable law, this conflict is addressed by proper disclosure and by not assessing the Program Sponsor Fee or the Overlay Manager Fee component of the Program Fee, when RBC CM acts as Overlay Manager, to the value of these funds maintained in Consulting Solutions and RBC UP Retirement Accounts. In addition, RBC CM makes GAM UK available as a Model Provider in RBC UP. Matthews International Capital Management, LLC RBC USA Holdco Corporation, a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of RBC, owns a minority interest in Matthews International Capital Management, LLC (“MICM”) which serves as investment adviser for Matthews Asia Funds. MICM is a privately owned, federally registered investment adviser that provides investment services to institutional clients, pension and profit-sharing plans, insurance companies, endowments, and foundations and other business entities. MICM also serves as an investment adviser or sub- adviser to Funds which may be made available by RBC CM. This is a conflict of interest as we are incented to recommend MICM Funds over a non-RBC fund. To the extent permitted by applicable law, this conflict is addressed by proper disclosure and by not assessing the Program Sponsor Fee, and when RBC CM acts as Overlay Manager, the Overlay Manager Fee component of the Program Fee to the value of these funds maintained in Retirement Accounts in Consulting Solutions and RBC UP. Trust and Estate Settlement Services Clients can select CNB, a nationally chartered bank and trust company, or its subsidiary RBC Trust Company (Delaware) Limited (“RBC Trust”), a Delaware chartered trust company as a professional trust and estate settlement service provider. RBC CM and its Financial Advisors are generally prohibited from serving as trustees. Clients can also select TrustCorp America (“TCA”), a Washington, D.C. chartered trust company, as a professional trust and estate settlement service provider. RBC CM has a minority interest in TCA. Cash Sweep Program RBC CM and Affiliated Banks receive financial benefits in connection with Cash Sweep Options managed or held by related persons of RBC CM. See Item 4, “Cash Balances and the Cash Sweep Program” for a description of the Cash Sweep Options and related conflicts of interest. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 32 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  Lending Programs Royal Bank of Canada and RBC Bank receive financial benefits in connection with Lending Programs managed or held by related persons of RBC WM. See Item 4, “Securities-Based Lending” for a description of the Lending Programs and related conflicts of interest. Other Material Relationships Marketing and Operational Support Payments RBC CM receives payments from certain Funds, ETP, and/or insurance companies, as well as the Investment Managers, Model Providers, and/or Envestnet (“Marketing Support”). We use this money for general marketing and Financial Professional educational programs, to offset compliance and product management costs and to support client education programs and seminars. Marketing Support payments received from Investment Managers, Model Providers and/or Envestnet are also paid based on a flat dollar amount to RBC CM. Except for Retirement Accounts enrolled in RBC UP, RBC CM also receives non-transaction fee (“NTF”) payments from certain Fund companies in connection with Funds and ETPs that are purchased, sold or exchanged without transaction charges. NTF payments made to RBC CM are calculated as a percentage of Fund assets, calculated as a percentage of Fund assets and sales, or are paid based on a flat dollar amount. Neither RBC CM nor Introducing Firm receive any extra compensation for selling Funds of these companies, nor do they receive additional compensation by using a specific Investment Manager, Model Provider or Overlay Manager in the applicable Programs. RBC CM receives payments from certain Fund companies which are used in part to offset certain administrative and operational costs that RBC CM incurs in connection with providing certain sub-accounting and sub-transfer agent services in distributing Funds and provides a financial benefit to RBC CM (“Operating Support”). These costs include sending shareholder statements, maintaining shareholder records, and performing regulatory mailings. RBC CM has a conflict of interest in utilizing Fund companies that make payments to us over those that do not make such payments. RBC CM has a conflict of interest in choosing higher expense ratio share classes where we receive payments from Fund families to help offset certain operational costs that RBC CM incurs in connection with distributing Funds. A higher expense ratio will adversely affect investment performance. RBC CM has a conflict of interest associated with utilizing third parties that make Marketing Support, NTF and/or Operational Support payments to us because we have a financial incentive to select a third- party based on these payments. In general, Funds and ETPs of those companies that make Operational Support, NTF and/or Marketing Support payments to RBC CM have higher expense ratios than Funds and ETPs of companies that do not make such payments. The receipt of Operational, NTF and/or Marketing Support payments from a Fund company by RBC CM is one of multiple factors that RBC CM considers when deciding which Funds and share classes to offer and make available to clients. RBC CM has a conflict of interest associated with selecting a Fund share class with a higher expense ratio for which RBC CM receives Operational Support, NTF and/or Marketing Support payments and/or for which such payments are higher than from other Fund companies, instead of utilizing a share class with a lower expense ratio regardless of whether that Fund pays RBC CM lower or any Marketing Support and/or Operational Support payments or any such payments at all. RBC CM has a conflict of interest in utilizing firms/Funds that make Operational Support, NTF and/or Marketing Support payments to RBC CM over firms that do not make these payments. RBC CM has a conflict of interest in choosing higher expense ratio share classes where we receive these payments from Fund companies to help offset certain operational costs that RBC CM incurs in connection with distributing those Funds. RBC CM mitigates these conflicts of interest by not making Financial Professionals aware of the specific financial arrangements and by not providing Financial Professionals any additional compensation in connection with the receipt of these payments. These conflicts of interest are also addressed by appropriate disclosure in this brochure. For a list of Fund families from which RBC CM receives payments described herein, please see “Mutual Fund and ETF Arrangements” at www.rbcclearingandcustody.com/disclosures. Federated Investment Counseling Federated Investment Counseling (including its Federated Hermes CW Henderson division) is an unaffiliated investment adviser registered with the SEC. As of the date of this brochure, Federated Investment Counseling (and one or more of its Investment Strategies and/or Model Portfolios, as applicable) is available for selection as an Investment Manager in Consulting Solutions and as a Model Provider in RBC UP. In addition, Federated Investment Management Company is the investment adviser for the only unaffiliated money market fund available as a Cash Sweep Option for advisory clients. The Federated Hermes Treasury Obligations Fund (TOAXX) is the Cash Sweep Option RBC CM makes available to Retirement Accounts. Cash balances in accounts managed by Federated Investment Counseling as Investment Manager in Consulting Solutions or invested in a Federated Investment Counseling Model Portfolio in RBC UP, will be invested in any such client’s selected Cash Sweep Option, which may be the Federated Hermes Treasury Obligations Fund (TOAXX). As discussed in Item 4, clients pay the Program Fee on the total value of the assets in their Program account, including cash balances. As a result, you should be aware that if Federated Investment Counseling is the discretionary Investment Manager RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 33 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  for your Consulting Solutions account, or the Model Provider that delivers its Model Portfolio in which your RBC UP account is invested, you will pay Federated Investment Counseling advisory fees on all assets, including cash balances. If the Cash Sweep Option for your Program account is the Federated Hermes Treasury Obligations Fund (TOAXX), you will also pay Federated Hermes applicable money market mutual fund fees and expenses on these same cash balances, as described above in the section titled “Cash Balances and the Cash Sweep Program.” Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading Code of Ethics and Personal Trading RBC CM has adopted an Investment Adviser Code of Ethics (the “IA Code of Ethics”) in accordance with Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act, which applies to all RBC CM employees, contingent workers, contract workers and interns (“Covered Persons”), with limited exceptions. The IA Code of Ethics sets forth the standards of business conduct applicable to RBC CM and its Covered Persons (i.e., to act with integrity, honesty, and professionalism and to always act in the best interests of our clients) and is designed to ensure that RBC CM and its Covered Persons comply with applicable federal and state securities laws and regulations. The IA Code of Ethics also highlights that as an investment adviser and fiduciary, the Firm and its Covered Persons have an affirmative duty to always act in the best interest of our advisory clients which means their interests must always come first. This means that when acting in an investment advisory capacity, Covered Persons are responsible to: (i) put client interests before their own; (ii) act with utmost good faith; (iii) provide full and fair disclosure of all material facts; (iv) not mislead clients; and (v) disclose all potential, perceived, and/or actual conflicts of interest to clients. The IA Code of Ethics also includes guidelines regarding personal securities transactions of, and the maintenance of personal securities accounts by, its’ Covered Persons (with the exception of interns) in accordance with the Firm’s policies on outside securities accounts, and employee/employee-related accounts. More specifically, the IA Code of Ethics outlines the Firm requirements contained in such policies, including that Covered Persons and their immediate family members (i) maintain their personal securities accounts and accounts in which they have a beneficial interest at RBC CM, unless the Firm has given its prior express written permission to open and/or maintain an account outside of RBC CM, (ii) report their personal securities transactions and holdings to RBC CM, and (iii) obtain pre-approval for investments in private placements and initial public offerings, among others. In addition, the IA Code of Ethics also contains information on standards relating to prohibited and illegal activities associated with the possession of material information (e.g., further disclosure, trading), the administration and enforcement of the IA Code of Ethics, and maintenance of certain records relating to the IA Code of Ethics. As part of RBC CM’s annual Compliance questionnaire process, Covered Persons are required to certify to their receipt and review of, and compliance with, the IA Code of Ethics. A copy of the IA Code of Ethics is available to clients or prospective clients upon request. Refer to your Introducing Firm’s regulatory brochure for its Code of Ethics. Participation or Interest in Client Transactions As a full-service broker-dealer, on an ongoing basis and as permitted by applicable law, we may, when appropriate: • act as broker or agent, effect securities transactions for compensation for you; • make available to Introducing Firm securities or investment products in which we or a related person or a family member of an employee has some financial interest; • buy or sell for ourselves securities that we also make available to Introducing Firm; or • sell or convert Fund shares or other unbilled assets, which will subject proceeds to the Program Fee. We have adopted internal policies and procedures with respect to conflicts of interest between us and our clients. Pursuant to these policies and procedures, we, when engaging in the activities enumerated above, treat your orders fairly and do not give our own orders preference over your orders. As required by applicable law and/or exchange rules, including, but not limited to, the Advisers Act, we obtain the consent of affected clients in advance of any transactions in which we will be engaging in the activities referenced above. When we engage in the activities referenced above, all statements and/or confirmations of such transactions contain the disclosures required by applicable law and exchange rules. Securities activities are monitored daily to detect and prevent employees from trading ahead of client accounts. RBC CM and its affiliates are not obligated to affect any transaction that they believe would violate federal or state law, or the regulations of any regulatory or self-regulatory body. Agency Cross Transactions Agency cross trades and internal cross trades are generally prohibited for Program accounts. Best Execution It is the duty of the entity with brokerage discretion under a Program to seek the best net price and execution on securities trades for client accounts. If we sell a security to you or buy a security from you, we will use all reasonable efforts to ensure RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 34 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  that you obtain the best net price and execution on the purchase or sale based on prevailing inter-dealer market prices. In some circumstances, the change in market price may result in a financial benefit to us. We may consider it appropriate to use our own execution services to effect purchases and sales of securities for investment advisory clients. We may receive brokerage commissions in connection with such transactions and, in accordance with Section 11(a) of the Exchange Act, may execute transactions for investment advisory accounts over which we have discretion on the floors of securities exchanges of which we are a member. Mark-ups and mark-downs charged by a dealer unaffiliated with us may be included in the price of certain transactions. Payment for Order Flow, Order Routing and Rebates For options orders, we receive payments in the form of rebates and credits. We receive payments from option market centers in return for routing exchange-listed equity and index options orders to those centers when the rebates and credits we receive from those centers are in excess of the fees that those centers charge us for such orders. Any remuneration that we receive for directing options trades to any market center will not accrue to your account. RBC CM contracts with a third- party vendor, to provide execution metrics that RBC CM uses to evaluate execution quality across various markets and firms. These payments for order flow create a conflict of interest for RBC CM as it incentivizes us to route orders to the market center that pays the most. RBC CM mitigates this conflict by making routing decisions based on the quality of execution and not payment for order flow, and by ensuring payment rates do not differ between market centers and not sharing these payments with the Introducing Firm or its Financial Professionals or those involved with the execution of the order. We also mitigate these conflicts by disclosing them to you and by establishing policies and procedures that limit the value, frequency, and nature of this these types of incentives. For information with respect to RBC’s handling of customer orders, see “SEC Order Handling Disclosures” at www.rbcclearingandcustody.com/disclosures. You can request a written copy of this information from your Financial Professional. Trade Errors From time to time, inadvertent administrative errors may occur in processing transactions, resulting in one or more erroneous securities transactions for a client’s account. If this occurs in an account, the error will be corrected, and the account will be restored to the same economic position had the error never occurred. Through this process, a profit may be realized, or a loss suffered in connection with correcting this error. Neither losses nor gains realized will be passed on to the client. RBC CM will retain amounts remaining after errors are corrected. As a result, trade corrections can result in a financial benefit to RBC CM or its affiliated broker-dealers. Trade Aggregation and Allocation In addition, the Overlay Managers have discretion to aggregate orders into a block trade and execute at an average price. Depending on the size of these orders and the liquidity of the individual security the execution of the block may occur over more than one day. Review of Accounts As a Program client, your Financial Professional is responsible for periodic reviews of your account(s). You are responsible for contacting your Financial Professional if you have questions, if any information you’ve previously provided to us has changed or if any information is inaccurate. Reports to Program Clients • Trade Confirmations and Account Statements. RBC CM will provide you with the following reports of relevant activity in an account: — trade confirmations reflecting all transactions effected with or through us (other than cash sweep transactions) unless designated otherwise by you; — Periodic account statements as described in your Customer Account Agreement. In the Advisory Agreement, for accounts enrolled in any Program other than RBC Advisor, you will elect whether you wish to receive trade confirmations on a daily or monthly basis for your account(s). RBC Advisor accounts can only receive trade confirmations on a trade-by-trade daily basis. At any time, you may request a copy of the trade confirmation for transactions that appear on the monthly transaction summary statement, as well as any subsequent transaction, or previous transaction effected through RBC CM at no additional cost. If you or RBC CM terminate a Program account, RBC CM will revert the frequency of trade confirmations to daily. RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 35 of 36 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25)  Financial Information We are not required to include a balance sheet in this brochure because we do not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six months or more in advance. We do not have any financial conditions that are reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet our contractual commitments to clients. RBC CM, RBC CM and their predecessors have not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition during the past 10 years RBC Advisory Programs Disclosure Document Page 36 of 36 © 2025 RBC Capital Markets, LLC, registered investment adviser and Member NYSE/FINRA/SIPC. All rights reserved. 25-25-3448900_25213-CC (09/25) 

HNW_NRG_B_Inset_NoMask RBC Financial Planning Program Form ADV, Part 2A: Firm Brochure September 30, 2025 This firm brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of RBC Wealth Management (“RBC WM”), a division of RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“RBC CM”). If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at (800) 759-4029. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any state securities authority. Additional information about RBC WM and RBC CM also is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Registration with the SEC does not imply a certain level of skill or training. The investment advisory services described in this brochure and offered through RBC WM are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) or any other government agency, are not a deposit or other obligation of or guaranteed by RBC WM, RBC CM, or any bank or bank affiliates, and are subject to investment risks, including possible loss of the principal amount invested. RBC Wealth Management 250 Nicollet Mall | Minneapolis, MN 55401-1931 (800) 759-4029 | www.rbcwealthmanagement.com PLEASE RETAIN A COPY OF THIS DOCUMENT FOR YOUR RECORDS Investment and insurance products offered through RBC Wealth Management are not insured by the FDIC or any other federal government agency, are not deposits or other obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank or any bank affiliate, and are subject to investment risks, including possible loss of the principal amount invested. © 2025 RBC Wealth Management, a division of RBC Capital Markets, LLC, registered investment adviser and Member NYSE/FINRA/SIPC. All rights reserved. 25-25-3448900_6422 (09/25)  ITEM 2: MATERIAL CHANGES This section discusses the material and other important changes made to this Financial Planning Form ADV Brochure since it was last amended on January 31, 2025. Clients are encouraged to review this brochure carefully, in its entirety. For more details on any of the following matters, please see the item in this brochure referred to in the summary below. • Item 9, the section titled “Disciplinary Information” has been updated with the following new disciplinary event: In June 2025, RBC CM entered into a settlement (the “Settlement”) with the Securities Division of the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts regarding allegations that RBC CM charged unreasonable commission for certain equity transactions, and did not reasonably supervise these transactions, in violation of § 204(a) (2)(J) of the Massachusetts Uniform Securities Act. RBC CM agreed to pay restitution in an amount no less than $113,295.06, plus 6% compounded interest, to affected Massachusetts customers. RBC CM also agreed to provide restitution, plus 6% compounded interest, to affected customers of other jurisdictions that agree to the terms of an agreement (“Term Sheet”) between RBC CM and a multi-state group, including Massachusetts, executed contemporaneously with the Settlement. RBC CM agreed to pay an administrative fine in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,095,000 to the jurisdictions agreeing to the terms of the Term Sheet, which includes $25,000 to be paid to Massachusetts. RBC Financial Planning Disclosure Document Page 2 of 14 25-25-3448900_6422 (09/25)  ITEM 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM 1: COVER PAGE .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 ITEM 2: MATERIAL CHANGES ................................................................................................................................................................. 2 ITEM 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 ITEM 4: ADVISORY BUSINESS ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Description of RBC Financial Planning Services .......................................................................................................................................... 4 RBC Financial Planning Topics ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Implementing Financial Planning Recommendations .................................................................................................................................. 4 Qualifications of Financial Advisors and Specialists Who Offer RBC Financial Planning Services ........................................................ 5 Other Advisory Services .................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Assets Under Management .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 ITEM 5: FEES AND COMPENSATION ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 RBC Financial Planning Fee Schedule ........................................................................................................................................................... 5 Billing Practices ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6 Employee Programs and Promotions ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 Transaction-based Brokerage Account .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 Fee-based Investment Advisory Account ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 ITEM 6: PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................ 7 ITEM 7: TYPES OF CLIENTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 7 ITEM 8: METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS ........................................................................... 8 Methods of Financial Analysis ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8 Investment Strategies ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Sources of Information .................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 ITEM 9: DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION .................................................................................................................................................... 9 ITEM 10. OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS .......................................................................................... 12 Material Relationships with Related Persons .............................................................................................................................................. 12 ITEM 11: CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING .................... 13 Code of Ethics and Personal Trading ........................................................................................................................................................... 13 Participation or Interest in Client Transactions .......................................................................................................................................... 14 ITEM 12: BROKERAGE PRACTICES ...................................................................................................................................................... 14 ITEM 13: REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS ......................................................................................................................................................... 14 ITEM 14: CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION ............................................................................................................ 14 ITEM 15: CUSTODY ................................................................................................................................................................................ 15 ITEM 16: INVESTMENT DISCRETION..................................................................................................................................................... 15 ITEM 17: VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES ................................................................................................................................................. 15 ITEM 18: FINANCIAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 Page 3 of 15 25-25-3448900_6422 (09/25)RBC Financial Planning Disclosure Document  ITEM 4: ADVISORY BUSINESS RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“RBC CM”), an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of the Royal Bank of Canada (“RBC”), is a registered investment adviser and broker-dealer with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”). RBC CM, through its RBC Wealth Management (“RBC WM,” the “Firm,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) division, offers clients (“you” or “your”) products and services in its capacity as investment adviser, portfolio manager, and/or sponsor of wrap fee advisory programs. For purposes of this brochure, “RBC CM” is intended to encompass RBC WM. This brochure provides information about RBC WM and the financial planning services we offer and the fee(s) clients pay for receipt of such services. The financial planning services discussed in this brochure will be referred to as “RBC Financial Planning.” Information about the other RBC WM investment advisory programs, including Advisory Wrap-Fee Programs, Clearing and Custody Advisory Programs, and Retirement Institutional Consulting is contained in separate ADV brochures which are available at the SEC’s website: www.adviserinfo.sec.gov/IAPD or upon request from your RBC WM Financial Advisor (each, a “Financial Advisor”). Description of RBC Financial Planning Services RBC Financial Planning services provide a personalized analysis and written advice to help you assess your financial situation and your ability to pursue specific financial goals. RBC Financial Planning may include financial planning for individuals and for employees of entities. RBC Financial Planning – Individual Client is designed for individuals as a long-term, comprehensive financial planning relationship. RBC Financial Planning – Corporate Client is designed for certain employees of entities choosing to participate in RBC Financial Planning. Both RBC Financial Planning-Individual Client and RBC Financial Planning—Corporate Client closely follow a three-step process which typically includes: • Gather Information – Together with your Financial Advisor, you will provide all the relevant financial information and define and prioritize your financial goals. • Analyze Information – Review the information you provided to evaluate your current situation in the context of achieving your defined goals. • Propose Recommendations – Develop specific and actionable recommendations in the form of an executive summary specific to your financial situation. RBC Financial Planning Topics RBC Financial Planning provides clients with generalized guidance on one or more financial goals and objectives. Using information that you provide, your Financial Advisor will help you assess and understand your current financial situation and provide you with an executive summary. Your Financial Advisor may include other RBC subject matter experts to help with your financial planning engagement. The plan may include an analysis of one or more of the following areas: • Assistance in development of an investment plan (i.e., goal identification, asset allocation, and diversification). These are asset class level recommendations and not specific security or product recommendations • Accumulating wealth (i.e., retirement funding, lifestyle maintenance, major purchase planning, and employee stock options) • Protecting wealth (i.e., income/earning power protection, managing debt, and risk management) • Converting wealth to income (i.e., retirement income planning) • Transferring wealth (i.e., charitable planning, gifting strategies, estate planning, and business succession/continuation planning) • Advanced/other planning Implementing Financial Planning Recommendations Financial planning is an investment advisory service that creates a fiduciary relationship. This means that we must place your interests above our own. The RBC Financial Planning client agreement and this disclosure brochure explain your rights and our obligations in providing you with the services discussed herein. Please read it carefully and keep it for your records. Please note that although we act as your investment adviser in providing financial planning services and advice to you, this does not affect any other relationship you may have with your Financial Advisor or RBC WM. Specifically, the RBC Financial Page 4 of 15 25-25-3448900_6422 (09/25)RBC Financial Planning Disclosure Document  Planning Services we provide to you have no effect on the nature of any existing account(s) you may have with RBC WM and your and our rights and obligations with respect to any such account(s), including as described in the terms and conditions of the agreement(s) between you and RBC WM for any such account(s) that are currently in effect. Our financial planning service does not include any advice regarding specific securities or other specific product recommendations. In addition, you should understand that our RBC Financial Planning services we provide to you end upon our delivery of the plan to you, as will the fiduciary relationship that arises from providing you with this service. You understand that neither RBC WM nor any of its affiliates provide, and RBC Financial Planning services and financial plans or other documents we provide in connection with such services, do not constitute, tax, legal, or accounting advice. Therefore, you should consult with your own independent tax, legal, and/or accounting advisors for advice specific to your situation including relating to any transactions or investments you are contemplating entering in your accounts. Along these same lines, you understand that any and all information, including, but not limited to, information contained in this brochure, written and/or marketing materials, and any other documents provided by RBC WM are not, and under no circumstances should be construed as, tax, legal, or accounting advice. In addition, our financial plans assume that you are a U.S. citizen or resident and subject to U.S. taxes. Our financial plans may therefore not be applicable to or appropriate for non-U.S. citizens or those persons subject to other tax jurisdictions and requirements. You should also understand that a financial plan does not address every aspect of a client’s financial life (e.g., areas not covered include analysis of property and casualty, homeowners, medical and excess liability coverage, etc.). Please consult with your Financial Advisor regarding the specific topics included in your financial plan. Please note that a topic may not be included in your financial plan for a variety of reasons (e.g., insufficient data provided, separate analysis to be provided, etc.) and that such omission does not indicate that the topic is not applicable to your financial situation. Also, unless otherwise noted, any analysis of your estate planning documents or illustrations of death, gift or estate liabilities are estimates and should not be relied upon. You are advised to seek the counsel of your legal and tax advisors for a complete analysis of your estate and death tax liabilities. Qualifications of Financial Advisors and Specialists Who Offer RBC Financial Planning Services Financial Advisors are required to apply for approval to offer RBC Financial Planning services to clients. Eligibility requirements generally include a review of education, designations, experience, and regulatory records. Generally, our Financial Advisors and professional personnel who provide financial planning services to clients have a college degree and/or securities industry experience. In addition, certain Financial Advisors and other RBC CM employees participating in RBC Financial Planning services may possess a professional designation (e.g., Certified Financial Planner ("CFP"), Chartered Financial Consultant ("ChFC"), etc.) or an internal certification. Holding a professional designation typically indicates that the Financial Advisor or other employee has completed certain courses or continuing education. However, use of such designations does not change the nature of our or your Financial Advisor’s obligations with respect to the advisory or brokerage products and services that may be offered to you. Other Advisory Services RBC CM, through its RBC WM division, offers other investment advisory programs and services, including as sponsor of several investment advisory wrap fee programs, as described in our other ADV disclosure brochures available at the SEC’s website: www.adviserinfo.sec.gov/IAPD or upon request from your Financial Advisor. Assets Under Management As of June 30, 2025, we had $287,281,889,976 in assets under management, $216,033,225,323 of which was managed on a discretionary basis and $71,248,664,653 of which was managed on a non-discretionary basis. ITEM 5: FEES AND COMPENSATION RBC Financial Planning Fee Schedule The fee that you pay (in the case of RBC Financial Planning – Individual Client), or the fee that your employer pays on your behalf (in the case of RBC Financial Planning – Corporate Client) for our financial planning service covers our advice and the development and delivery of a financial plan. Fees for RBC Financial Planning Services are negotiated within a range of $1,000 to $20,000, but in certain cases a fee higher than $20,000 may be negotiated. Financial Planning fees, when combined with the RBC WM Advice Fee received from the Page 5 of 15 25-25-3448900_6422 (09/25)RBC Financial Planning Disclosure Document  client in any other RBC WM sponsored advisory program, may not exceed 2% of investable net worth at the time the client enters into the Financial Planning Agreement. Fees for our financial planning services are negotiable, and are at our sole discretion, may be waived, and may differ from client to client based on several factors, including, but not limited to: • the financial planning service selected; • the scope of the engagement; • the complexity of the services provided; • the nature and amount of client assets involved; and • the extent that other RBC Specialists (Wealth Strategist and/or Wealth Planner) are engaged. • Your Financial Advisor receives a percentage of the financial planning fees you pay to us. Billing Practices When RBC Financial Planning fees are assessed, all fees associated with the financial planning service are disclosed, in advance, in a separate service agreement. The fees for the service are generally payable at delivery of the plan. However, other fee arrangements may be offered at our sole discretion. Payment is made by check or by debit from a RBC CM account you designate. You may terminate the financial planning agreement without penalty within five business days if you do not receive the RBC Financial Planning Disclosure Documents at least 48 hours prior to entering into the Agreement. Employee Programs and Promotions Our ability to negotiate the fee or waive the fee may result in one client paying for the same set of services provided to another client at a lower fee or free of charge. We may also discount fees for clients purchasing multiple financial planning services or discount fees based on the broader relationship with RBC CM. Fees as well as other account requirements may vary as a result of the application of prior policies depending upon when you received financial planning services from us. From time to time, the fees for financial planning or certain advisory services available through RBC CM may be reduced for our employees, certain other family members or employees of our affiliates. We may enter into special agreements to provide other services involving specific clients, Financial Advisors or any of our branch offices. For more information regarding the above, contact your Financial Advisor. You are not required to purchase products that RBC CM distributes, or otherwise transact business with RBC CM or any of our affiliates in order to put into action any aspect of your financial plan. If you would like RBC CM to be involved with helping you develop an investment strategy, the capacity in which we act when helping you implement an investment strategy will depend on, and vary by, the nature of your accounts (i.e., brokerage or advisory accounts) used for such implementation. Transaction-based Brokerage Account You pay commissions and other charges (e.g., sales loads on mutual funds) at the time of each individual securities transaction. Fee-based Investment Advisory Account You pay a fee on a quarterly basis based on the assets held within, and services provided for, your account rather than a commission on each individual transaction. It is important to understand that brokerage and investment advisory services are separate and distinct, and each is governed by different laws and separate contracts with you. While there are similarities among the brokerage and advisory services we provide, depending on the capacity in which we act, our contractual relationship and legal duties to you are subject to a number of important differences. The fee you pay covers only the RBC Financial Planning Service as set forth in the agreement you enter into with us. The fee does not cover any other services, accounts or products. Therefore, if you maintain accounts with us, or if we assist you in implementing your financial plan, you will pay other charges, such as compensation for the sale of securities or other investment products, in addition to the financial planning fee. This will add to the overall compensation that we receive and may present a conflict of interest based on an incentive to recommend investment products based on the compensation received, rather than based on your needs. The financial planning fees will not be reduced or offset by these other fees. Page 6 of 15 25-25-3448900_6422 (09/25)RBC Financial Planning Disclosure Document  We may reduce or terminate the above payouts to Financial Advisors in connection with accounts they service that do not meet certain prescribed asset levels on a household basis. This will only affect the amounts paid to your Financial Advisor and will not mean that you will pay less. The percentage of firm revenues credited to Financial Advisors in asset-based programs is higher than the percentage of firm revenues credited on most other products and services, including the compensation they would receive if you paid separately for advice, brokerage and other services. The differences in compensation create an incentive for Financial Advisor to recommend products for which they receive higher compensation. Under certain circumstances (e.g., acquisitions and recruitment), some Financial Advisors may be compensated differently. Financial Advisors also receive certain revenue awards based on their production amount, business mix and net new assets. We reserve the right, at our discretion and without prior notice, to change the methods by which we compensate our Financial Advisors. RBC CM offers recruiting packages to Financial Advisors joining from other firms. Under these packages, Financial Advisors are eligible for two types of promissory notes in designated amounts. The first note is issued to the Financial Advisor once his or her securities license is transferred to RBC CM. Depending upon the recruiting package, RBC CM will either forgive, or collect, the principal and interest amount of the this note each month, so long as the Financial Advisor remains employed and in good standing for a predetermined period of time. Although there are no set production goals for the note to be forgiven, a Financial Advisor must maintain a certain production to remain employed. Thus, these loans create a conflict of interest because they provide incentives for our Financial Advisors to encourage you to effect more investment transactions and to effect investment transactions in greater amounts, and to recommend products and services that generate more revenue for us. The second type of note is issuable each year for a fixed number of years if the Financial Advisor meets specified production goals. After issue, depending upon the recruiting package RBC either forgives, or collects, these loans each month so long as the Financial Advisor remains employed and in good standing for a predetermined period. These loans create a conflict of interest because they provide incentives for our Financial Advisors to encourage you to effect more investment transactions and to effect investment transactions in greater amounts, and to recommend products and services that generate more revenue for us. Your Financial Advisor is eligible to qualify for both recognition programs and practice development and training programs. These rewards, such as trips to a specified destination, incentive compensation, such as deferred compensation, and bonuses are based on the amount of your Financial Advisor's compensation, length of service, and the amount of compensation your Financial Advisor generates for us over time. Awards given in the form of deferred compensation have minimum vesting schedules and are subject to forfeiture under certain circumstances. The practice development and training programs provide the opportunity for a Financial Advisor to participate in a practice management, business development, and/or training program that may include travel to a specified destination. Each program allows the Financial Advisors to interact with both peers and industry experts and to exchange ideas on business practices and development. These rewards, incentive compensation, and bonuses create a conflict of interest because they provide an incentive for your Financial Advisor to encourage you to engage in more investment transactions to qualify for such rewards, incentive compensation, and bonuses. Branch Directors and Complex Directors, who may also be Financial Advisors, perform supervisory responsibilities over other RBC WM Financial Advisors for the branch or region in which they are located. We compensate these individuals for their supervisory activities through a base salary, but also pay a bonus to these individuals that is based on meeting certain internal benchmarks, which include revenue generated by the Financial Advisors in their branch or region. This is a conflict of interest as supervisors have an incentive to encourage the recommendations of products, services and investments that generate greater revenue for RBC WM to meet the revenue portion of the internal benchmark. We mitigate this conflict by not compensating our supervisors directly based on the recommendation of any specific products, services, or investments but instead on attainment of specific internal benchmarks, which include revenue goals. ITEM 6: PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT This item is not applicable to the RBC Financial Planning Program described in this brochure. ITEM 7: TYPES OF CLIENTS RBC WM’s clients for the RBC Financial Planning Program are individuals but can also include entities such as trusts, estates, nonprofit organizations, and business entities, as appropriate. Clients are required to open an account with RBC CM to satisfy the Patriot Act, however clients are not required to maintain an asset balance in this account. Page 7 of 15 25-25-3448900_6422 (09/25)RBC Financial Planning Disclosure Document  ITEM 8: METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS Methods of Financial Analysis When developing a financial plan for you, your Financial Advisor compares your financial goals with your investment risk tolerance. Your Financial Advisor may use asset value, current and projected return, and other assumptions you provide, as well as historical return analysis prepared by RBC CM. Your financial plan may be prepared using one or more computer software packages to analyze your goals using one or more methods of analysis, including probability and deterministic modeling. Forward looking analyses, including probabilistic modeling (which presents the likelihood that the client may be able to achieve certain goals) are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results and are not a guarantee of future results. These analyses do not analyze specific securities. Actual market conditions may result in outcomes significantly different than those illustrated. With respect to probabilistic modeling, the results may vary over time and with each use if any of the underlying assumptions or profile data is adjusted. In addition, the analysis does not present the results that could occur from an extreme market event, either positive or negative, due to the low probability of such an occurrence. Investment Strategies Evaluation of your financial situation may also include an asset allocation analysis designed to assist you in positioning your investment assets. If your assessment includes such analysis, the recommended portfolio allocation will be determined based on a variety of factors, including your personal financial information, risk tolerance, and the anticipated performance of different asset classes. Our asset allocations are based on a proprietary methodology. In developing those allocations, RBC CM considers asset class risk and return results that are based on estimated forward-looking return and risk assumptions, as measured by standard deviation (“capital market assumptions”), which are based on RBC CM proprietary research. The development process includes a review of a variety of factors, including the return, risk, correlations and historical performance of various asset classes, inflation and risk premium. The process assumes a situation where the supply and demand for investments is in balance, and in which expected returns of all asset classes are a reflection of their expected risk and correlations regardless of time frame. These capital market assumptions are designed with a 20-year outlook. RBC CM periodically reviews the economic or market conditions or other general investment considerations that it believes may impact the capital market assumptions. The capital market assumptions may change from time to time at the discretion of RBC CM. RBC CM has changed its risk and return assumptions in the past and may do so in the future. Neither RBC CM nor your Financial Advisor is required to provide you with an updated proposal based upon changes to these or other underlying assumptions. Changes in the assumptions may affect your Target Allocation on the broad, subclass or style level. We may also add or remove asset classes, subclasses and styles from the allocation methodology at any time. Once we have delivered a financial plan to you, we are not required to provide you with an updated analysis based upon changes to these capital market assumptions or resulting changes to your Target Allocation. It is important to note that implementing changes to your Target Allocation may result in tax consequences to you. Please consult your tax advisor if this occurs. There is no guarantee that if you adopt your financial plan, you will meet all of your objectives. As actual investment returns, inflation, taxes, and other economic conditions will vary from the assumptions used in our reports, your actual results will vary from those presented and may impact your ability to reach your financial planning goals. The asset allocation analysis does not provide a comprehensive financial analysis of your ability to reach your other financial planning goals, and it does not identify the impact of your investment strategy on your tax and estate planning situations. Our financial planning reports and services described in this brochure do not: • make individual security or specific product recommendations; • analyze or recommend securities; or • provide on-going advice regarding specific securities or other investments, regardless of whether a fee is assessed; rather, a general asset allocation strategy based upon your stated risk tolerance, investment objectives, financial needs, age, current asset allocation and value is suggested in the financial planning report. Sources of Information The primary source of information used by your Financial Advisor is the data provided by you, such as your personal data, assets and liabilities, income expectations, assumed overall rates of interest and inflation, short-term and long-term financial goals, risk tolerance associated with goals, and other relevant information. Page 8 of 15 25-25-3448900_6422 (09/25)RBC Financial Planning Disclosure Document  If you decide to implement any portion of your financial plan with RBC WM, at your request, your Financial Advisor can make specific product recommendations and help you develop an investment strategy. Your Financial Advisor may use training and marketing materials; prospectuses and annual reports for the investment; financial and insurance products distributed by RBC CM or its affiliates. We may utilize research, model portfolios and asset allocation services generated by RBC CM, RBC CM affiliates, third-parties, by or through brokers or dealers or investment advisers, including research, model portfolios and asset allocation advice purchased through economic arrangements with such parties. Investing in securities involves risks that may result in losses, which you should be prepared to bear. ITEM 9: DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION The following is a summary of certain adverse legal and disciplinary events and regulatory settlements during the last 10 years that may be material to your decision of whether to retain us for your investment advisory and financial planning needs. You can find additional information regarding these settlements in Part 1 of our Form ADV at: adviserinfo.sec.gov/IAPD. • In June 2025, RBC CM entered into a settlement (the “Settlement”) with the Securities Division of the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts regarding allegations that RBC CM charged unreasonable commission for certain equity transactions, and did not reasonably supervise these transactions in violation of § 204(a) (2)(J) of the Massachusetts Uniform Securities Act. RBC CM agreed to pay restitution in an amount no less than $113,295.06, plus 6% compounded interest, to affected Massachusetts customers. RBC CM also agreed to provide restitution, plus 6% compounded interest, to affected customers of other jurisdictions that agree to the terms of an agreement (“Term Sheet”) between RBC CM and a multi-state group, including Massachusetts, executed contemporaneously with the Settlement. RBC CM agreed to pay an administrative fine in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,095,000 to the jurisdictions agreeing to the terms of the Term Sheet, which includes $25,000 to be paid to Massachusetts. • On August 14, 2024, RBC CM entered into a settlement order with the SEC in connection with RBC CM’s recordkeeping practices concerning business-related electronic communications sent or received by firm personnel using non- approved channels or methods (“off-channel communications”). The SEC found that from at least June 2019 to August 2024, RBC CM willfully violated Section 17(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 17a-4(b)(4) thereunder and Section 204 of the Advisers Act and Rule 204-2(a)(7) thereunder in connection with RBC CM’s failure to maintain and preserve the substantial majority of off-channel communications of its personnel that were records required to be maintained under Exchange Act Rule 17a-4(b)(4) and/or Advisers Act Rule 204-2(a)(7); and therefore, failed to reasonably supervise its personnel within the meaning of Section 15(b)(4)(E) of the Exchange Act and Section 203(e)(6) of the Advisers Act. RBC CM admitted to the facts in the settlement order and acknowledged its conduct violated the federal securities laws. The SEC ordered RBC CM to cease and desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of Section 17(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 17a-4(b)(4) thereunder and Section 204 of the Advisers Act and Rule 204-2 thereunder, censured it for its conduct, ordered it to pay a civil monetary penalty in the amount of $45,000,000, and ordered it to comply with the undertakings enumerated in the settlement order. • RBC CM consented to FINRA sanctions and findings that its supervisory system did not provide certain customers with mutual fund sales charge waivers and fee rebates to which they were entitled through rights of reinstatement offered by mutual fund companies, which resulted in the payment of $264,939.44 in excess sales charges and fees by eligible customers. On July 2, 2024, RBC CM was censured, fined $75,000 and required to certify that it had remediated the issues and implement reasonably designed supervisory system, including written supervisory procedures (“WSPs”). The firm also made full restitution, plus interest, to the affected customers. • RBC CM consented to FINRA sanctions and findings that it sent trade confirmations to customers that contained inaccurate information. The findings stated that the firm sent its institutional customers confirmations for fixed income transactions, including certain municipal securities transactions, that inaccurately stated that the transactions were executed in an agency capacity, when they were executed in a principal capacity. The firm also sent its institutional customers trade confirmations that inaccurately stated that certain transactions that were solicited were unsolicited and vice versa. In addition, the firm failed to deliver trade confirmations to customers that had requested electronic delivery of trade confirmations and failed to send trade confirmations for millions of dividend reinvestment program (“DRIP”) transactions. The findings also stated that the firm failed to establish, maintain, and enforce a supervisory system, including WSPs, reasonably designed to achieve compliance with trade confirmation requirements. The findings also included that the firm violated Regulation T promulgated by the board of governors of the federal reserve system under Section 7 of the Exchange Act by extending credit to certain customers of the firm and its introducing firms, which resulted in hundreds of incorrectly executed trades in those accounts and the frequent selling of the positions at issue to generate proceeds to cover the purchases. In connection with these transactions, customer accounts incurred Page 9 of 15 25-25-3448900_6422 (09/25)RBC Financial Planning Disclosure Document  commissions, markups, markdowns, and fees totaling $392,525.50, that they would not otherwise have incurred had the firm cancelled the trades. In addition, introducing firm customer accounts incurred $1,308 in fees in connection with these trades that they would not have incurred had the firm cancelled the trades. On April 29, 2024, RBC CM was censured, fined $375,000, ordered to pay $393,833.50 in restitution to customers, and required to certify that it has remediated the issues and implemented a supervisory system, including WSPs. • On November 2, 2023, RBC CM entered into a settlement with the SEC resulting in the SEC issuing an order (the “Order”). RBC CM consented to the entry of the Order that found that RBC CM failed to make and keep books, records, and accounts, which, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflected the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the issuer, and failed to devise and maintain a system of internal account controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. The Order directs that RBC CM cease-and-desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of Sections 13(B)(2)(A) and 13(B)(2)(B) of the Exchange Act. On November 2, 2023, without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM consented to the Order and was fined $6,000,000. • In May 2023, RBC CM entered into a settlement with the Commonwealth of Virginia’s State Corporation Commission’s Division of Securities and Retail Franchising (the “Division”) regarding allegations that it employed an investment adviser representative in the Commonwealth of Virginia without that person being duly registered with the Division, in violation of § 13.1-504 c (ii) of the Virginia Securities Act. RBC CM agreed to pay a $10,000 monetary penalty and $1,000 for the cost of the investigation. • In April 2023, without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM reached a settlement with FINRA and consented to sanctions and the entry of findings that it failed to establish and maintain a supervisory system reasonably designed to achieve compliance with its suitability obligations in connection with syndicate preferred stock in brokerage accounts. The findings stated that while the firm’s procedures called for supervisors to closely examine representatives’ short-term trading of preferred stocks, the firm’s electronic surveillance of short-term trading in preferred stock was unreasonably designed, and it failed to monitor for that activity. Although the surveillance system had certain alerts that specifically monitored for short-term trading in other products, such as closed-end funds, it did not have any alerts that specifically monitored for short-term trading in preferred stock. The firm also did not have any other alerts that flagged the purchase and sale within 180 days of syndicate preferred stock. Certain of the firm’s registered representatives recommended that a number of the firm’s retail customers purchase syndicate preferred stocks, and then sold the positions within 180 days, and such customers sustained losses on these transactions. The firm earned $653,313 in selling concessions from these syndicate purchases and $128,643 in sales commissions from the subsequent sales. The firm conducted a substantial syndicate preferred stock business yet did not maintain a reasonable supervisory system to monitor whether its representatives recommended short-term trading of syndicate preferred securities that was unsuitable, including for the purpose of capturing sales concessions and commissions. The firm was censured, fined $300,000, ordered to pay $128,643.17, plus interest, in restitution to customers, ordered to pay $653,312.83, plus interest, in disgorgement, and required to certify that it has remediated the issues identified in this AWC and implemented a supervisory system, including WSPs, reasonably designed to achieve compliance with FINRA Rule 3110 regarding the issues identified in this AWC. • On March 3, 2022, RBC CM affiliate and registered investment adviser, CNR, reached a settlement with the SEC concerning CNR’s breach of its fiduciary duty relating to the use of proprietary Funds and certain share classes in advisory accounts. Those Funds generated fees for CNR and its affiliates, rather than competitor funds within the same asset classes that may not have generated such fees, and created a conflict that was not disclosed. The SEC determined that CNR willfully violated sections 206(2) and 206(4) of the Advisers Act as well as Rule 206(4)-7 by failing to adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violations of the Advisers Act. Under the terms of the settlement, CNR paid $30,361,804 in fines, disgorgement, and interest. • Without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM consented to the sanctions and to the entry of findings that it failed to establish, maintain, and enforce a supervisory system, including WSPs, reasonably designed to achieve compliance with FINRA and Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (“MSRB”) rules with respect to representatives’ recommendations of high-yield corporate and municipal bonds. The findings stated that the firm’s policies and procedures did not sufficiently address the suitability factors that representatives should consider before recommending high-yield bonds. On December 15, 2021, RBC CM was censured, fined $550,000, and ordered to pay $456,155, plus interest, in restitution to customers. • On September 17, 2021, RBC CM entered into a settlement with the SEC resulting in the SEC issuing an order (the “Order”). RBC CM consented to the entry of the Order which found that from 2014-2017, RBC CM engaged in improper conduct in connection with the allocation, purchase, and sale of certain new issue municipal bond offerings in violation of internal procedures, as well as MSRB and SEC rules. The Order found that RBC CM’s conduct violated MSRB and Page 10 of 15 25-25-3448900_6422 (09/25)RBC Financial Planning Disclosure Document  SEC rules. The Order censured RBC CM and required RBC CM to pay disgorgement of $552,440, prejudgment interest of $160,886.97, and $150,000 as a civil penalty to the SEC. Such payments were made by RBC CM on September 22, 2021. • The Virginia State Corporation Commission found that, from December 1, 2017, through November 27, 2020, RBC CM employed an investment adviser representative (“IAR”) who was registered in the District of Columbia but not Virginia and that RBC CM failed to enforce its WSPs regarding IAR registration. On September 8, 2021, RBC CM executed the settlement order which states that RBC CM neither admits nor denies the Virginia state corporation commission’s allegations and paid a $10,000 civil penalty. • It was found by the NYSE that RBC CM violated NYSE Rule 3110(a) and (b) (Supervision) by failing to establish and maintain a supervisory system and WSPs reasonably designed to detect and prevent errors in market on close orders. On July 6, 2021, RBC CM entered into a letter of acceptance, waiver and consent with the NYSE under which RBC CM consented to the sanctions and was censured and fined $10,000. • It was found that RBC CM violated SEC Rule 15c3-5(b) and (c)(1)(ii) and Rules 3.2 and 5.1 of the CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc., CBOE EDGA Exchange, Inc., CBOE BYX Exchange, Inc., and CBOE EDGX Exchange, Inc. due to the fact that the Firm’s financial risk management controls and supervisory procedures were not reasonably designed to (i) prevent the entry of erroneous orders, (ii) reject orders that exceed appropriate price or size parameters, on an order-by-order basis or over a short period of time, or (iii) reject duplicative orders. On March 30, 2021, without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM was censured and fined $45,000 by CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc., $45,000 by CBOE EDGA Exchange, Inc., $70,000 by CBOE BYX Exchange, Inc. and $45,000 by CBOE EDGX Exchange, Inc. • The Massachusetts Securities Division found that RBC CM failed to adequately supervise its representatives with respect to concentration and suitability of master limited partnership energy and telecom positions in certain client accounts. On February 2, 2021, without admitting to any supervisory deficiencies, RBC CM agreed to the described sanctions and fines totaling $320,267.41. • Without admitting or denying the findings, on December 15, 2020, RBC CM consented to the sanctions and to the entry of findings that it failed to establish and maintain a supervisory system reasonably designed to supervise representatives’ recommendations to customers to purchase particular share classes of 529 college savings plans. The findings stated that RBC CM did not provide adequate guidance to representatives regarding the importance of considering share class differences when recommending 529 plans and had no procedures requiring supervisors to review 529 plan share class recommendations for suitability. RBC CM updated its procedures to include such a requirement, but the updated procedures failed to adequately instruct supervisors to consider either the age of the beneficiary or the number of years until expected withdrawals, both critical factors in determining the suitability of the recommended share class. Also, RBC CM did not consistently provide supervisors with the information necessary to review the suitability of 529 plan share class recommendations. Later, RBC CM issued a company-wide compliance alert that provided guidance to representatives regarding 529 plan share class recommendations. RBC CM then updated its supervisory systems and procedures with respect to 529 share class recommendations. Among other things, RBC CM instructed supervisors to consider the age of the beneficiary when assessing the suitability of a representative’s 529 share class recommendation. RBC CM has agreed to pay restitution and interest relating to the sale of class C shares to certain 529 plan customers in the estimated amount of $839,803. • The SEC found that from at least July 2012 through August 2017, RBC CM disadvantaged certain retirement plan and charitable organization brokerage customers who maintained accounts at RBC CM (“Eligible Customers”) by failing to ascertain that they were eligible for a less expensive share class and recommending and selling them more expensive share classes in certain open-end Funds when less expensive share classes were available. RBC CM did so without disclosing that it would receive greater compensation from the Eligible Customers’ purchases of the more expensive share classes. Eligible Customers did not have sufficient information to understand that RBC CM had a conflict of interest resulting from compensation it received for selling the more expensive share classes. Specifically, RBC CM recommended and sold these Eligible Customers class A shares with an up-front sales charge, or class B or class C shares with a back-end contingent deferred sales charge (a deferred sales charge the purchaser pays if the purchaser sells the shares during a specified time period following the purchase) and higher ongoing fees and expenses, when these Eligible Customers were eligible to purchase load-waived class A and/or no-load class R shares. RBC CM omitted material information concerning its compensation when it recommended the more expensive share classes. RBC CM also did not disclose that the purchase of the more expensive share classes would negatively impact the overall return on the Eligible Customers’ investments, in light of the different fee structures for the different fund share classes. In making those recommendations of more expensive share classes while omitting material facts, RBC CM violated sections 17(a)(2) and 17(a)(3) of the Securities Act. These provisions prohibit, respectively, in the offer or sale of securities, obtaining money or property by means of an omission to state a material fact necessary to make statements made not misleading, and engaging in a course of business which operates as a fraud or deceit on the purchaser. As a Page 11 of 15 25-25-3448900_6422 (09/25)RBC Financial Planning Disclosure Document  result of the conduct described above, RBC CM willfully violated sections 17(a)(2) and 17(a)(3) of the Securities Act. On April 24, 2020, RBC CM was censured and paid disgorgement of $2,607,676, prejudgment interest of $631,331, plus a civil monetary penalty of $650,000. • Without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM consented to the sanctions and the entry of findings that RBC CM entered 670 principal orders with incorrect origin codes, indicating that the orders were for customers instead of RBC CM. The findings state that RBC CM ignored red flags and failed to remedy the pattern of entering and executing orders with incorrect origin codes. In addition, for the calendar year 2018 RBC CM conducted 11 of 12 monthly origin code reviews late because RBC CM failed to enforce its procedures requiring timely origin code reviews. Between August 28, 2019, and October 2, 2019, RBC CM settled for a total of $100,000 across eight exchanges (NASDAQ PHLX LLC $7,138; NASDAQ Stock Markets/The NASDAQ Options Market $5,687; CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc. $28,271; NASDAQ ISE, LLC Fine $6,721; NYSE American LLC $4,098; NYSE ARCA, Inc. $5,509; CBOE Exchange, Inc.: $36,592; and CBOE C2 Exchange, Inc., $5,984). • FINRA found that from March 2008 to June 2016, RBC CM failed to make the statutorily required delivery of prospectuses to customers who purchased approximately 165,000 ETFs and notes and hundreds of thousands of open-end and closed-end mutual funds. RBC CM failed to design, implement, and enforce a reasonable supervisory system, procedures and set of controls to comply with prospectus delivery rules for Funds and as a result, failed to discover the delivery failures until FINRA’s investigation into the matter. On October 17, 2019, RBC CM was censured and fined in the amount of $2,900,000. • RBC CM self-reported to the SEC the violations described below pursuant to the Division of Enforcement’s Share Class Selection Disclosure Initiative (“SCSD Initiative”). The SEC found that RBC CM, during the period of January 1, 2014, through March 27, 2017, failed to make adequate disclosures, in its Form ADV or otherwise, regarding its Fund share class selection practices, and the 12b-1 fees it received, in connection with advisory account transactions. Specifically, at times during the relevant period, RBC CM purchased, recommended, or held in advisory accounts Fund share classes that charged 12b-1 fees instead of lower cost share classes in the same fund. The SEC found that RBC CM failed to adequately disclose the receipt of the 12b-1 fees and the associated conflict of interest, thereby willfully violating Sections 206(2) and 207 of the Advisers Act. On March 11, 2019, without admitting or denying the findings, the SEC issued, and the firm consented to the entry of an order (the “Order”) that censured RBC CM and directs it to cease- and-desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of Sections 206(2) and 207 of the Advisers Act. Additionally, the Order requires Respondent to pay disgorgement of $10,494,813.38, prejudgment interest of $1,220,581.34, and to comply with the other undertakings enumerated in the Order as part of the settlement. • FINRA found that RBC CM failed to identify and apply sales charge discounts to eligible customer transactions in UITs. This resulted in customers paying, in total, with respect to approximately 4,399 eligible transactions, excess sales charges in the amount of approximately $502,088.88. In addition, it was found that RBC CM failed to effectively inform and train registered representatives and supervisors to ensure the proper procedures were followed and applicable sales charge discounts were applied. On April 4, 2016; RBC CM was censured and fined $225,000 and ordered to pay $502,088.88 plus interest in restitution to customers. ITEM 10. OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS Broker-Dealer Registrations. RBC CM is registered with the SEC as a broker-dealer and investment adviser. Certain of RBC WM’s management personnel and all of its Financial Advisors and their supervisors are registered with FINRA as representatives of RBC CM in its capacity as a broker-dealer. Futures/Commodities-Related Registrations. RBC CM is also registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) as a futures commission merchant and swap firm. Material Relationships with Related Persons RBC CM does not make recommendations or select investment advisors for you nor are you required to purchase products that RBC CM distributes, or otherwise transact business with RBC CM or any of our affiliates in order to put into action any aspect of your financial plan. If you would like RBC CM to be involved with helping you develop an investment strategy, the capacity in which we act when helping you implement an investment strategy will depend on and vary by the nature of your accounts (i.e., brokerage or advisory accounts) used for such implementation and may result in different conflict of interests. RBC Global Asset Management (U.S.) Inc. RBC GAM – U.S. is an affiliate of RBC CM. RBC GAM – U.S. is a federally registered investment adviser that provides portfolio management services to institutional separate accounts, registered investment companies, pooled vehicles, and portfolio management services for wrap fee accounts and model portfolios offered by other providers. RBC CM has selected RBC GAM – U.S. as an available discretionary portfolio manager in also serves as a sub- adviser to RBC CM sponsored wrap program and is a model provider. Page 12 of 15 25-25-3448900_6422 (09/25)RBC Financial Planning Disclosure Document  City National Bank City National Bank ("CNB") is an affiliate of RBC CM. CNB offers retail and commercial banking, including securities- backed lending. City National Bank Rochdale City National Rochdale, LLC ("CNR") is a subsidiary of CNB, an affiliate of RBC CM. CNR is a federally registered investment adviser that provides money management services to high net worth individuals, families and foundations. CNR may also serve as investment adviser and/or sub-advisor to mutual funds. RBC CM and its affiliated banks, RBC Bank (Georgia), N.A., City National Bank and the Three World Financial Center Branch of Royal Bank of Canada are collectively considered the “Affiliate Banks”. RBC US Holdco Corporation RBC CM, RBC GAM – US and CNB are wholly owned subsidiaries of RBC USA Holdco Corporation, which is a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of RBC. RBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited RBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited (“GAM UK”) and BlueBay Asset Management LLP (“BlueBay LLP”) are wholly owned indirect subsidiaries of RBC and affiliates of RBC CM. GAM UK and BlueBay LLP serve as investment sub-advisers to certain U.S. registered mutual funds for which RBC GAM – U.S. or other third-parties serve as the investment adviser. BlueBay LLP also manufactures and manages certain alternative investment funds and strategies available to Advisory Program clients. Trust and Estate Settlement Services Client can select RBC Trust Company (Delaware) Limited ("RBC Trust"), a Delaware chartered trust company and a division of CNB, a nationally chartered bank and trust company and an affiliate of RBC CM, as a professional trust and estate settlement service provider. RBC WM and your Financial Advisor are prohibited from serving as trustees. Client may select TrustCorp America ("TCA"), a Washington DC chartered trust company, as a professional trust and estate settlement service provider. RBC CM has a minority interest in TCA. ITEM 11: CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING Code of Ethics and Personal Trading RBC WM has adopted an Investment Adviser Code of Ethics (the “IA Code of Ethics”) in accordance with Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act, which applies to all RBC WM employees, contingent workers, contract workers and interns (“Covered Persons”), with limited exceptions. The IA Code of Ethics sets forth the standards of business conduct applicable to RBC WM and its Covered Persons (i.e., to act with integrity, honesty, and professionalism and to always act in the best interests of our clients) and is designed to ensure that RBC WM and its Covered Persons comply with applicable federal and state securities laws and regulations. The IA Code of Ethics also highlights that as an investment adviser and fiduciary, the Firm and its Covered Persons have an affirmative duty to always act in the best interest of our advisory clients which means their interests must always come first. This means that when acting in an investment advisory capacity, Covered Persons are responsible to: (i) put client interests before their own; (ii) act with utmost good faith; (iii) provide full and fair disclosure of all material facts; (iv) not mislead clients; and (v) disclose all potential, perceived, and/or actual conflicts of interest to clients. The IA Code of Ethics also includes guidelines regarding personal securities transactions of, and the maintenance of personal securities accounts by, its Covered Persons (with the exception of interns) in accordance with the Firm’s policies on outside securities accounts, employee/employee-related accounts, and the personal trading policy specific to Financial Advisors in the Portfolio Focus Program (which contains additional requirements and restrictions on personal securities trading of such Financial Advisors). More specifically, the IA Code of Ethics outlines the Firm requirements contained in such policies, including that Covered Persons and their immediate family members (i) maintain their personal securities accounts and accounts in which they have a beneficial interest at RBC WM, unless the Firm has given its prior express written permission to open and/or maintain an account outside of RBC WM, (ii) report their personal securities transactions and holdings to RBC WM, and (iii) obtain pre-approval for investments in private placements and initial public offerings, among others. In addition, the IA Code of Ethics also contains information on standards relating to prohibited and illegal activities associated with the possession of material non-public information (e.g., further disclosure, trading), the administration and enforcement of the IA Code of Ethics, and maintenance of certain records relating to the IA Code of Ethics. As part of RBC WM’s annual Compliance questionnaire process, Covered Persons are required to certify to their receipt and review Page 13 of 15 25-25-3448900_6422 (09/25)RBC Financial Planning Disclosure Document  of, and compliance with, the IA Code of Ethics. A copy of the IA Code of Ethics is available to clients or prospective clients upon request. Participation or Interest in Client Transactions Topics relating to trading and “participation or interest in client transactions.” In addition to sponsoring the Advisory Programs, RBC CM sponsors other investment advisory programs and engages in a broad range of brokerage and other financial services. These include public and private investment banking and underwriting, retail and institutional brokerage and trading, institutional research and numerous other brokerage, advisory and financial services. Clients of RBC CM may include investment managers and overlay managers under RBC WM Programs. Our broker-dealer activities are our principal business and account for the vast majority of our time, energies and resources. We and our affiliates may give advice and take action in performing our duties to other clients that differs from advice given, or the timing and nature of action taken, with respect to you. In the course of our respective investment banking activities or otherwise, we and our affiliates may from time to time acquire material nonpublic or other information about corporations or other entities or their securities. We and our affiliates are not obligated and may not be permitted to divulge any such information to or for the benefit of clients, or otherwise act on the basis of any such information in providing services to clients. We, our related persons and affiliates may purchase for our own accounts securities that are recommended to clients. ITEM 12: BROKERAGE PRACTICES This item is not applicable to the financial planning services described in this brochure which do not include the review or recommendation of broker-dealers for client transactions. ITEM 13: REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS The RBC WM Business Supervision Group or their delegates are responsible for the supervision and review of financial plan reports generated by Financial Advisors in accordance with our supervisory guidelines and procedures. The current procedures require the Business Supervision Group or their delegates to review each executive summary and supporting materials prepared for clients. The guidelines provide steps for the Business Supervision Group or their delegates to follow to review the content of the plans and document any variations from the standards. The financial plan consists of various sections pre-determined by the Financial Advisor and the client. Each section includes static text that cannot be changed or modified by the individual users. In addition, when a fee is charged for financial planning services, the Financial Advisor is required to document the advice specific to the client and related to the analysis in an executive summary and present the executive summary to the client. When a financial plan is delivered to the client, the financial planning service terminates. Our financial planning services do not include ongoing advice or reporting. ITEM 14: CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION We have referral agreements with independent third-parties (each, a “Solicitor”) whereby a Solicitor will refer prospective clients to us for investment advisory services. Under one of these arrangements, we will pay the Solicitor for these referrals by sharing with the Solicitor a portion of the Program Fee (generally about 25%, although it can be higher than 25%, depending on facts and circumstances) that we receive from a referred client that opens one of our sponsored advisory Program Accounts. Under a second arrangement, we or the individual Financial Advisor will pay a Solicitor a one-time flat fee of up to $695, based on the potential level of investable assets for each referral, with such fee payable regardless of whether the referred party opens an account with us. This second arrangement presents a conflict of interest for us and our Financial Advisors because it has the potential to incentivize a recommendation that such prospective clients become clients in order to recoup the cost of the referral payment. We receive referral fees from third-party investment advisers, third-party professional trust and estate settlement service providers, third-party lending institutions, or an affiliate of ours for successful client referrals made by our Financial Advisors. The professional trust and estate settlement service provider or lending institution pays a referral fee pursuant to a referral agreement between us and the professional trust and estate settlement service provider or lending institution. The investment adviser or affiliate shares a portion of the advisory fee it receives from the client with us pursuant to a referral agreement between us and the investment adviser. In the case where a Financial Advisor refers a client to an affiliate, there is a monetary incentive for us to recommend an affiliate over other qualified and suitable non-affiliated investment advisers. Page 14 of 15 25-25-3448900_6422 (09/25)RBC Financial Planning Disclosure Document  An RBC WM employee or an employee of an affiliate may also refer a client to an RBC WM Financial Advisor. As an incentive, the referring employee may receive a percentage or a portion of the fees paid by the client for services they select and receive from RBC WM. In addition, RBC WM Financial Advisors are eligible to receive a one-time payment to refer existing client accounts to the RBC Advantage team. The referring employee’s role in the ongoing client relationship, if any, may vary depending on each client’s particular situation. The amount of the referral fee paid to us by a third-party investment adviser or by us to an employee providing a referral varies depending on the facts and circumstances. The amount of the referral fee paid to us by a third-party investment adviser or by us to an employee providing a referral varies depending on the facts and circumstances. The client acknowledges the referral fee arrangement by signing the investment adviser’s consent and disclosure document. ITEM 15: CUSTODY While RBC CM is a “qualified custodian” under the Advisers Act and acts as custodian to advisory clients in our other investment advisory wrap fee programs, this item does not apply to the RBC Financial Planning services described in this brochure which do not involve the custody of account assets. ITEM 16: INVESTMENT DISCRETION This item is not applicable to the financial planning services program described in this brochure as it does not involve the acceptance or exercise of discretionary authority by us over client accounts or assets of any type. We offer discretionary portfolio management services in certain investment advisory wrap fee programs that we sponsor which are described in a separate brochure. Please contact your Financial Advisor with any questions. ITEM 17: VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES This item is not applicable to the financial planning services program described in this brochure which does not include any proxy voting services. ITEM 18: FINANCIAL INFORMATION We are not required to include a balance sheet in this brochure because we do not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six months or more in advance. We do not have any financial conditions that are reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet our contractual commitments to clients. RBC CM, RBC WM and their predecessors have not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition during the past 10 years. Page 15 of 15 25-25-3448900_6422 (09/25)RBC Financial Planning Disclosure Document 

RBC Institutional Consulting Program Form ADV, Part 2A: Firm Brochure September 30, 2025 This firm brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of RBC Wealth Management (“RBC WM”), a division of RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“RBC CM”). If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at (800) 759-4029. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any state securities authority. Additional information about RBC CM and RBC WM also is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Registration with the SEC does not imply a certain level of skill or training. The investment advisory services described in this brochure and offered through RBC WM are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) or any other government agency, are not a deposit or other obligation of or guaranteed by RBC WM, RBC CM, or any bank or bank affiliates, and are subject to investment risks, including possible loss of the principal amount invested. RBC Wealth Management 250 Nicollet Mall | Minneapolis, MN 55401-1931 (800) 759-4029 | www.rbcwealthmanagement.com PLEASE RETAIN A COPY OF THIS DOCUMENT FOR YOUR RECORDS Investment and insurance products offered through RBC Wealth Management are not insured by the FDIC or any other federal government agency, are not deposits or other obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank or any bank affiliate, and are subject to investment risks, including possible loss of the principal amount invested. © 2025 RBC Wealth Management, a division of RBC Capital Markets, LLC, registered investment adviser and Member NYSE/FINRA/SIPC. All rights reserved. 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25) HNW_NRG_B_Inset_NoMask_GS_Op2 ITEM 2: MATERIAL CHANGES This section discusses the material and other important changes made to this Form ADV brochure since it was last amended on January 31, 2025. Clients are encouraged to review this brochure carefully, in its entirety. For more details on any specific update, please see the item in this brochure referred to in the summary below. • Item 5 “Compensation to Financial Advisors” has been updated to include language about how RBC WM mitigates its conflict of interest related to Financial Advisor recruitment packages. • Descriptions of material risk factors associated with the Program are now contained in a newly-titled Item 8.B. “Risk of Loss” and have been enhanced and updated to include: Market Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Economic Conditions Risk, Credit Risk, Liquidity Risk, Risks Relating to Equities, Risks Relating to Debt Securities, Risks Relating to Specific Style Risk, Risks Relating to Money Market Funds, Concentration Risk, Sector Risk, Risks Relating to Foreign Securities and Emerging Markets, Risks Relating to Annuities, High Yield Securities Risk, and Counterparty Risk. • Item 7, section titled “Types of Clients” we have updated our disclosure regarding QPAM status for ERISA clients. In 2025, the Department of Labor granted RBC an exemption providing longer-term relief, which is effective from August 12, 2025 through March 4, 2030. • In Item 9, the section titled “Disciplinary Information” has been updated with the following new disciplinary event: In June 2025, RBC CM entered into a settlement (the “Settlement”) with the Securities Division of the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts regarding allegations that RBC CM charged unreasonable commission for certain equity transactions, and did not reasonably supervise these transactions in violation of § 204(a) (2)(J) of the Massachusetts Uniform Securities Act. RBC CM agreed to pay restitution in an amount no less than $113,295.06, plus 6% compounded interest, to affected Massachusetts customers. RBC CM also agreed to provide restitution, plus 6% compounded interest, to affected customers of other jurisdictions that agree to the terms of an agreement (“Term Sheet”) between RBC CM and a multi-state group, including Massachusetts, executed contemporaneously with the Settlement. RBC CM agreed to pay an administrative fine in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,095,000 to the jurisdictions agreeing to the terms of the Term Sheet, which includes $25,000 to be paid to Massachusetts. • Item 11 “Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading” was updated to enhance the descriptions of the RBC WM Code of Ethics and policies that RBC WM employees are subject to while engaging in personal trading. RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 2 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  ITEM 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS TEM 1: COVER PAGE ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1 ITEM 2: MATERIAL CHANGES ................................................................................................................................................................. 2 ITEM 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................................ 4 ITEM 4: ADVISORY BUSINESS ................................................................................................................................................................ 5 A. About RBC Capital Markets ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 B. RBC Institutional Consulting Advisory Services Offered ........................................................................................................................ 4 C. How we Tailor our Advisory Services ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 D. Wrap Fee Programs ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 E. Assets Under Management ......................................................................................................................................................................... 8 ITEM 5: FEES AND COMPENSATION ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 A. Program Fees ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 B. Billing Practices ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 C. Fees/Other Charges Not Covered by Your Program Fee ......................................................................................................................... 8 D. Termination of Program Agreement ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 E. Compensation to Financial Advisors ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 ITEM 6: PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................... 10 ITEM 7: TYPES OF CLIENTS .................................................................................................................................................................. 10 ITEM 8: METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS ......................................................................... 10 A. Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies ..................................................................................................................................... 10 B. Risks of Loss .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 11 ITEM 9: DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION .................................................................................................................................................. 13 ITEM 10. OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS .......................................................................................... 17 A. Broker Dealer Registration ....................................................................................................................................................................... 17 B. Commodity Futures Registration ............................................................................................................................................................. 17 C. Material Relationships with Related Persons .......................................................................................................................................... 17 ITEM 11: CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING .................... 18 A. Code of Ethics and Personal Trading ...................................................................................................................................................... 18 B. Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading ................................................................................................. 19 ITEM 12: BROKERAGE PRACTICES ...................................................................................................................................................... 19 ITEM 13: REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS ......................................................................................................................................................... 19 ITEM 14: CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION ............................................................................................................ 20 ITEM 15: CUSTODY ................................................................................................................................................................................ 20 ITEM 16: INVESTMENT DISCRETION..................................................................................................................................................... 20 ITEM 17: VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES ................................................................................................................................................. 20 ITEM 18: FINANCIAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 21 RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 3 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  ITEM 4: ADVISORY BUSINESS A. About RBC Capital Markets RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“RBC CM”) is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of the Royal Bank of Canada (“RBC”), a publicly held and global, integrated investment services firm and one of the world’s largest financial services firms. Founded in 1909, RBC CM is a registered investment adviser and broker-dealer with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), and other major securities exchanges. RBC CM, through its RBC Wealth Management (“RBC WM”) division, offers clients (“you” or “your”) products and services, including financial planning and portfolio management, in its capacity as investment adviser and as sponsor of various wrap fee programs, as well as offering the institutional consulting services described in this brochure. For purposes of this brochure, RBC WM and RBC CM will be collectively referred to as “RBC WM,” the “Firm,” “we,” “us,” or “our.” This brochure provides information about RBC WM and the RBC Institutional Consulting Program (the “Program”) it offers through its “Financial Advisors” (each, a “Financial Advisor”). Information about the other advisory and wrap fee programs offered by RBC WM, including Wrap Fee Advisory Programs, Clearing and Custody Advisory Programs, and Financial Planning, is contained in separate ADV brochures which are available upon request, from your Financial Advisor, or at the SEC’s website: www.adviserinfo.sec.gov/IAPD. B. RBC Institutional Consulting Advisory Services Offered Through the Program, RBC WM offers clients non-discretionary advisory and consulting services and discretionary advisory and consulting services. This brochure describes the services offered in the Program, along with the features and fees, and provides clients with information that should be reviewed and considered before deciding to enroll in the Program. To enroll in the Program, clients are required to enter into a written investment advisory agreement with RBC WM known as the “RBC Institutional Consulting Program Agreement and Disclosure” (hereinafter, the “Program Agreement”). The Program offers a range of investment consulting services, as described below, and is generally available to both non-retirement and retirement clients, including employer-sponsored retirement plans, trusts, businesses, endowments, foundations, health savings accounts, and other suitable investors. When you participate in the Program, we are a fiduciary to you under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”). As a fiduciary, we will act in your best interest and seek to provide you access to material facts and information relating to the Program and services including by providing this brochure, and material and other updates thereto, to meet our disclosure obligations. In addition, we reasonably expect to provide the investment advisory services in the Program as a “fiduciary” (as that term is defined in Section 3(21)(A) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and/or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), with respect to non-discretionary services and advice to retirement accounts (as described under “Non-Discretionary Services” below). When providing discretionary services to retirement accounts subject to ERISA (as described under “Discretionary Services” below), we provide the relevant discretionary services as an “investment manager” (as that term is defined in Section 3(38) of ERISA). Non-discretionary services RBC WM makes the following non-discretionary investment advisory services available for selection by clients in the Program. Plan Review Upon Client request, RBC WM may analyze the administration of the retirement plan, including employee comprehension of plan terms and satisfaction with the plan, and compare that with other plans in the industry that are of similar size and scope. In this process, RBC WM may use employee surveys, interviews, focus groups or other means that are mutually agreeable. RBC WM’s analysis will help evaluate the administration of the retirement program and identify plan improvements. Plan Design Review RBC WM may review the plan design. Based on information that the client provides, RBC WM may recommend changes in the plan design to improve efficiency and reduce administrative burdens and costs. Provider Search & Evaluation We may assist you in evaluating and selecting other service providers, including third-party administrators, custodians, record keepers and trustee or participant education providers. RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 4 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  Investment Policy Statement We may assist you in creating and updating from time to time an investment policy statement (“Policy”). The Policy may identify the categories or asset classes of investments to be made available, provide guidance for monitoring and evaluating the performance of the investments and/or investment managers and, as appropriate, adding or changing investments or managers; and help allocate investment responsibilities among the various parties. Clients must include certain minimum investment review criteria in their Policy to receive Discretionary Services as described below. Asset Allocation We may provide an asset allocation review designed to identify one or more investment portfolios for you based on certain information requested by us and provided by you. Selection of Investment Managers If the service is selected, based on our understanding of your investment objectives and the consultation process, your Financial Advisor is available to consult with you regarding investment alternatives that may be compatible with your investment objectives. You may consult with your Financial Advisor to select any investment manager that you believe is appropriate. In the event that we receive information that indicates a particular investment manager may no longer be suitable for you, we may recommend that you terminate your relationship with that investment manager. You are required to meet the individual requirements of each investment manager you select and to enter into an investment advisory agreement directly with the manager. We do not review or negotiate any investment manager’s investment advisory agreement on a client’s behalf. You are responsible for promptly bringing to our attention any material change in your investment guidelines or financial condition. Selection of Investments RBC WM may provide assistance in selecting one or more suitable investments. We may use many sources of information and analysis about investments, including data provided by independent third parties. Your Financial Advisor is available to provide such information to you to aid in selecting or monitoring investments. In addition, we monitor certain investments and may provide analysis about such investments as part of the Program. We do not necessarily monitor all investments that may be held or purchased by you, including employer stock funds, participant loans, and self-directed brokerage accounts. We have no discretionary trading authority with respect to your assets that are invested in investment funds. We do not assume responsibility for the performance of any investment fund selected by you that is not recommended by RBC WM. Investment Model Portfolio Consulting RBC WM may provide risk-based model portfolio advice. RBC WM may recommend certain investment choices from your investment menu within the model portfolios and recommend that you rebalance the models periodically in order adhere to the target asset allocation for each portfolio. RBC WM may provide this service and model portfolios to third- party investment managers and other financial professionals to assist them in managing the accounts of their clients. Social Screening For endowments, foundations, trusts and health savings accounts, RBC WM may provide assistance in social screening of equity and/or fixed income securities intended for purchase by investment managers. Education Services We may assist you in communicating with and educating your employees (including plan participants), as applicable, on investment-related topics. This assistance may include planning and/or conducting informational, educational meetings, or sessions and preparing various written materials. Our services do not include the provision of investment advice, within the meaning of ERISA, to such plan participants and employees. Discretionary Services Certain retirement plan clients who meet eligibility requirements may elect to receive any of the non-discretionary services listed above in addition to the following discretionary investment services: Discretionary Investment Menu Management If you select discretionary investment management services, you grant us discretion over the selection and implementation of the plan investment menu and appoint RBC CM as the Investment Manager as defined in Section 3(38) of ERISA. RBC WM will exercise discretion in accordance with the plan’s Policy including any written restrictions as defined by the plan. RBC WM will not have discretion over employer stock funds, participant loans, and self-directed brokerage accounts. While RBC WM is granted discretion over the investment lineup including implementation, RBC WM may require assistance from the plan RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 5 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  if third-parties will not implement investment menu changes within a reasonable timeframe. RBC WM does not assume discretion over a plan participant’s investment selection nor does RBC WM provide fiduciary advice to such participants. Default Investment Option RBC WM may select a plan’s default investment option that will receive the funds of any plan participant that has not affirmatively selected an investment option from the investment menu. RBC WM will have discretion to choose and change the default investment option offered by the plan. Discretionary Model Portfolio Management RBC WM may provide risk-based discretionary model portfolio management, and RBC WM may implement certain investment choices from your investment menu within the model portfolios. RBC WM will have discretion to rebalance the models periodically in order to adhere to the target asset allocation for each portfolio. While RBC WM is granted discretion over the investment lineup including implementation, RBC WM may require assistance from the plan if third-parties will not implement investment menu changes within a reasonable timeframe. Asset Allocation RBC WM may provide an asset allocation designed to identify one or more investment portfolios for you based on certain information requested by us and provided by you. Limitations on our Services The following limitations apply to both the non-discretionary and discretionary services offered by RBC WM available through the Program. Selection of Investment Managers You are responsible for providing a copy of any additional written investment guidelines or restrictions to each investment manager you select and for communicating any material changes in the information provided to the investment managers. Investment managers are selected by you unless RBC is providing Discretionary Investment Menu Management services. Other than in connection with our consulting responsibilities as described above, we do not assume responsibility for the conduct of investment managers selected by you, including their performance or compliance with law or regulations. Employer Stock Fund RBC WM has no authority over or responsibility for the employer stock fund and will not provide any ongoing monitoring of the prudence or appropriateness of employer stock as an investment under the plan. If a plan includes an employer stock fund, the client acknowledges and understands that the employer stock fund is not diversified, may be extremely volatile, and may result in large losses. There may be circumstances when investment in employer stock is not prudent and when the lack of diversification is not appropriate. However, RBC WM may provide general education or asset allocation information that may include employer stock fund assets. Affiliated and Proprietary Investments With respect to retirement accounts (including accounts that are subject to Title I of ERISA), RBC Global Asset Management (U.S.) Inc. (“RBC GAM – U.S.”), City National Rochdale, LLC (“CNR”) Funds, or other RBC WM affiliated funds present a conflict of interest when held in Program Accounts. RBC WM proprietary or affiliated investment options may be required to be sold or liquidated within a reasonable time frame in order to avoid conflicts of interest. RBC CM mitigates the conflict of interest by excluding the value of those funds when assessing the RBC WM Program asset-based fee. RBC Group Retirement Plan Certain defined contribution retirement plan clients who meet eligibility requirements may elect to participate in the Group Retirement Plan. This program differs from the RBC Institutional Consulting 3(38) Discretionary Program in that the Corporate Office takes on the role of 3(38) fiduciary in lieu of the Financial Advisor. Clients will receive the following discretionary investment services, along with the following non-discretionary services in the program upon client request to their Financial Advisor. Discretionary Investment Advisory Services within the RBC Group Retirement Plan include the following: Investment Policy Statement If you select the Group Retirement Plan, RBC WM will provide a standard investment policy statement template (“Policy”). The Policy identifies the categories and/or asset classes of investments made available in the Group Retirement Plan, provides RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 6 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  guidance for monitoring and evaluating the performance of the investments and/or investment managers and helps allocate investment responsibilities among the various parties. Clients must confirm that the investment selection methodology described in the Policy aligns with client’s goals and objectives in offering the retirement plan, and client’s investment policy statement, if any. Discretionary Investment Menu Management If you select discretionary investment management services you grant us discretion over the selection and implementation of the plan investment menu and appoint RBC WM as the Investment Manager as defined in Section 3(38) of ERISA. RBC WM will exercise discretion in accordance with the plan’s Policy including any written restrictions as defined by the plan. RBC WM will not have discretion over employer stock funds, participant loans, and self-directed brokerage accounts. While RBC WM is granted discretion over the investment lineup including implementation, RBC WM may require assistance from the plan if third- parties will not implement investment menu changes within a reasonable timeframe. RBC WM does not assume discretion over a plan participant’s investment selection nor does RBC WM provide fiduciary advice to such participants. Default Investment Option RBC WM may select a plan’s default investment option that will receive the funds of any plan participant that has not affirmatively selected an investment option from the investment menu. RBC WM will have discretion to choose and change the default investment option offered by the plan. Non-discretionary services within the RBC Group Retirement Plan include the following: Plan review Upon client request, RBC WM may analyze the administration of the retirement plan, including employee comprehension of plan terms and satisfaction with the plan, and compare that with other plans in the industry that are of similar size and scope. In this process, RBC WM may use employee surveys, interviews, focus groups or other means that are mutually agreeable. RBC WM’s analysis will help evaluate the administration of the retirement program and identify plan improvements. Participant Education Services For retirement plans, including employee benefit plans or sponsors of such plans, we may assist you in communicating with and educating your employees (including plan participants), as applicable, on investment-related topics. This assistance may include planning and/or conducting informational, educational meetings, or sessions and preparing various written materials. Our services do not include the provision of investment advice, within the meaning of ERISA, to such plan participants and employees. Tax, Accounting and Legal Considerations You understand that neither RBC WM nor its affiliates or employees provide legal, accounting or tax advice. All legal, accounting or tax decisions regarding your accounts and any transactions or investments entered into in relation to such accounts, should be made in consultation with your independent advisors. No information, including but not limited to written materials, provided by RBC WM or its affiliates or employees should be construed as legal, accounting or tax advice. C. How we Tailor our Advisory Services RBC WM tailors its investment advisory services in the Program to the individual needs of Program clients. Based on the information you provide to us, your Financial Advisor will work with you to select a suite of services tailored to your objectives, goals, and circumstances and any other reasonable restrictions or criteria you may impose. Not all Financial Advisors may offer all investment advisory services described above. If your Financial Advisor is not able to offer a particular level of service, you may be able to participate through another Financial Advisor. D. Wrap Fee Programs Outside of the Program, RBC WM provides portfolio management services, and, in some wrap fee programs we sponsor, our Financial Advisors act as discretionary portfolio managers. We receive a wrap fee for those services and share a portion of that fee with Financial Advisors who participate in the wrap fee programs. Details of the programs are available in our Wrap Fee Disclosure Brochure which is available from your Financial Advisor. Our activities as portfolio manager and sponsor of wrap fee programs are separate from our Program services. The Program does not include the participation in or offering of portfolio management services in wrap fee programs. RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 7 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  E. Assets Under Management As of June 30, 2025, we had $287,281,889,976 in assets under management, $216,033,225,323 of which was managed on a discretionary basis and $71,248,664,653 of which was managed on a non-discretionary basis. ITEM 5: FEES AND COMPENSATION A. Program Fees Program Fee The fee that you pay for the Program is negotiable, and the Financial Advisor servicing your account will receive a portion of that fee. The amount of any negotiated fee will depend upon the nature and complexity of your situation and needs, the services to be performed, and other relevant factors. You may pay higher or lower fees depending on considerations such as the amount of your assets the Financial Advisor is providing consulting services on, the amount of time you have been a client of ours, the total amount of business you conduct through us, and other relevant criteria. For services provided under the Program Agreement, you may elect to pay us either 1) a negotiated fee based on percentage of assets, not to exceed one percent (1%) of assets per annum; 2) a negotiated one-time flat fee, not to exceed $500,000 per annum; or 3) an annual flat fee not to exceed $500,000 per annum. Your total cost of each of the services provided through the Program, if purchased separately, could be more or less than the costs of the Program. Cost factors may include the costs to: • obtain the desired investment advisory services; • retain the desired investment manager(s), where applicable; • obtain expertise in selecting and monitoring investment managers and other service providers, where applicable; • obtain consulting services similar to those provided in the Program; and • obtain reports comparable to those provided through the Program. When making cost comparisons, you should be aware that the combination of services available through the Program may not be available separately or may require multiple accounts, documentation and fees. Group Retirement Plan Fees The fee that you pay for Group Retirement Plan services is negotiable, and the Financial Advisor servicing your account will receive a portion of that fee. For non-discretionary services provided under the Group Retirement Plan Program Agreement, you may elect to pay us either 1) a negotiated fee based on percentage of assets, not to exceed 95 basis points (.95%) of assets per annum; or 2) an annual flat fee, not to exceed $500,000 per annum. Under either fee arrangement, there is an additional 0.05% fee based on percentage of assets that is paid to RBC WM for discretionary services. This additional fee is not paid to the Financial Advisor. You may request a brochure that contains more detailed information about the other advisory programs RBC WM offers by contacting your Financial Advisor. B. Billing Practices As directed by you, fees may be billed to you directly, deducted from a separate RBC WM account of yours, or in cases of a retirement plan, fees can be calculated and paid by the plan provider from the assets of, or generated by, the retirement plan. Except in the case of a one-time flat fee, fees are generally payable in advance on a monthly or quarterly basis. Additionally, fees may be payable in arrears on a monthly or quarterly basis. For asset-based fees you will provide us in a timely manner (or will cause any applicable investment manager, record keeper, administrator or custodian to provide in a timely manner) all information which we may require and request for our calculation of fees. Asset-based fees are generally assessed on all account assets, including securities, cash, and money market balances. One-time flat fees will be billed in their entirety upon completion and delivery of the contracted services. Program fees include compensation for the services selected as set forth in the Program Agreement. C. Fees/Other Charges Not Covered by Your Program Fee The Program fees described above cover only the services provided by us under the Program Agreement for the Program. Any fee payable by you to each selected investment manager or other service provider will be charged by each investment manager or service provider directly to you, and those fees will be in addition to fees and other charges (as applicable) RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 8 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  payable to us. Examples of additional fees paid directly to service providers or investment managers include but are not limited to custody fees imposed by other financial institutions, recordkeeping fees, trust fees, plan administration fees, redemption fees and transaction-based charges you may incur by implementing advice received by RBC WM. D. Termination of Program Agreement You may terminate your Program Agreement with us at any time by written notice to us. The Program Agreement will terminate automatically upon our receipt of your written notice of termination. We may terminate the Program Agreement with any client upon written notice to you. Termination of the Program Agreement does not terminate any investment advisory agreement directly between you and any investment manager (if applicable). If you select One-Time Flat Fee payment method for services pursuant to the Program Agreement, the Program Agreement will terminate upon the completion and delivery of contracted services. You will need to execute a new Program Agreement to re-engage us for further services. You should note that termination will end the investment advisory fiduciary relationship between us and you as it pertains to the terms of the Program. The Program Agreement will no longer apply to this account. Fee Refund If the Program Agreement is terminated prior to the last day of the calendar quarter, a pro rata portion of any fees paid by you based upon the days remaining in the quarter will be refunded as required by law. E. Compensation to Financial Advisors Advisory Fees If you select investment consulting service(s) described in this brochure, we pay your Financial Advisor, on an ongoing basis, a portion of the fees payable to us in connection with the service(s) selected by you. The Financial Advisor may receive different compensation depending on which service(s) you select. If you select service(s) described in this brochure, the Financial Advisor may charge a fee less than the maximum fee stated above. The amount of the fee you pay is a factor we use in calculating the compensation we pay your Financial Advisor. Therefore, Financial Advisors have a financial incentive not to reduce fees. Recruitment RBC WM offers recruiting packages to Financial Advisors joining from other firms. Under these packages, Financial Advisors are eligible for two types of promissory notes in designated amounts. The first note is issued to the Financial Advisor once his or her securities license is transferred to RBC WM. Depending upon the recruiting package, RBC WM will either forgive, or collect, the principal and interest amount of the this note each month, so long as the Financial Advisor remains employed and in good standing for a predetermined period of time. Although there are no set production goals for the note to be forgiven, a Financial Advisor must maintain a certain production to remain employed. Thus, these loans create a conflict of interest because they provide incentives for our financial advisors to encourage you to effect more investment transactions and to effect investment transactions in greater amounts, and to recommend products and services that generate more revenue for us. The second type of note is issuable each year for a fixed number of years if the Financial Advisor meets specified production goals. After issue, depending upon the recruiting package, RBC WM either forgives, or collects, these loans each month so long as the Financial Advisor remains employed and in good standing for a predetermined period of time. This loan also creates a conflict of interest because it provides incentives for our Financial Advisors to encourage you to effect more investment transactions and to effect investment transactions in greater amounts, and to recommend products and services that generate more revenue for us. We mitigate the recruitment conflicts through disclosure and by subjecting the calculation of promissory notes to applicable laws, including regulations under ERISA and the Code. If the inclusion of certain promissory notes is prohibited by applicable law, then such amounts may be excluded from the calculation of such notes. Rewards, Incentive Compensation and Bonuses Your Financial Advisor is eligible to qualify for both recognition programs and practice development and training programs. These rewards, such as trips to a specified destination, incentive compensation, such as deferred compensation, and bonuses are based on the amount of your Financial Advisor’s compensation, length of service, and the amount of compensation your Financial Advisor generates for us over time. Awards given in the form of deferred compensation have minimum vesting schedules and are subject to forfeiture under certain circumstances. The practice development and training programs provide the opportunity for a Financial Advisor to participate in a practice management, business RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 9 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  development, and/or training program that may include travel to a specified destination. Each program allows the Financial Advisors to interact with both peers and industry experts and to exchange ideas on business practices and development. These rewards, incentive compensation, and bonuses create a conflict of interest because they provide an incentive for your Financial Advisor to encourage you to engage in more investment transactions in order to qualify for such rewards, incentive compensation, and bonuses. Branch Directors and Complex Directors, who may also be Financial Advisors, perform supervisory responsibilities over other Financial Advisors for the branch or region in which they are located. We compensate these individuals for their supervisory activities through a base salary, but also pay a bonus to these individuals that is based on meeting certain internal benchmarks, which include revenue generated by the Financial Advisors in their branch or region. This is a conflict of interest as supervisors have an incentive to encourage the recommendations of products, services and investments that generate greater revenue for RBC WM in order to meet the revenue portion of the internal benchmark. We mitigate this conflict by not compensating our supervisors directly based on the recommendation of any specific products, services, or investments, but instead on attainment of specific internal benchmarks, which include revenue goals. Option to Purchase through Others Clients have the option to purchase investment products that RBC WM may recommend through other brokers or agents that are not affiliated with RBC WM. ITEM 6: PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT RBC WM does not charge any performance-based fees in any of its advisory programs. ITEM 7: TYPES OF CLIENTS The Program is generally intended for individuals and entities with institutional consulting needs, such as trusts, estates, nonprofit organizations, employee benefit plans, government entities, and business entities. When providing services to clients who are subject to ERISA, we may rely on various Prohibited Transaction Exemptions (“PTEs”) available under ERISA, including PTE 84-14, which is only available to qualified professional asset managers (the “QPAM Exemption”). On March 5, 2024, the French Court of Appeal rendered a judgment of conviction (the “Conviction”) against Royal Bank of Canada Trust Company (Bahamas) Limited (“RBCTC Bahamas”), an affiliate of RBC CM, and other parties regarding a charge of complicity in estate tax fraud relating to actions taken relating to a trust for which RBCTC Bahamas serves as trustee. In 2016, RBC was granted an exemption by the U.S. Department of Labor that allowed RBC and its current and future affiliates to continue to qualify for the QPAM Exemption under ERISA despite the conviction of RBCTC Bahamas in the French proceeding for a temporary one-year period from the date of conviction. In 2025, the Department of Labor granted RBC an exemption providing longer-term relief, which is effective from August 12, 2025, through March 4, 2030. ITEM 8: METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS A. Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies RBC WM and/or your Financial Advisor may conduct analysis using a quantitative and/or qualitative approach and present that analysis via performance monitoring reports and evaluations. Four primary areas of analysis include firm and product, investment professionals, investment approach, and investment performance. Our investment searches are limited to the investment options that are offered at the recordkeeper platform. In connection with performing certain services described in of the Program Agreement, we and our Financial Advisors may obtain and utilize information and data from a wide variety of public and private sources including: financial publications; company press releases and securities filings; research and due diligence material prepared by RBC WM, our affiliates and third parties; rating or timing services; regulatory and self-regulatory reports; third-party data; information obtained directly from investment management firms; and research providers, professionals and other public sources. All investments carry the risk of loss that you should be prepared to bear. To understand the risks associated with investment options, it is important that you review the fund prospectuses and documents, investment monitoring reports we provide to you, and other available investment information in order to ensure the investments selected match your investment goals and/or written Policy. RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 10 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  B. Risks of Loss Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. There is no guarantee of performance for any investment strategy implemented or recommended, and the value of a client’s investments will fluctuate due to market conditions and other factors. Investments are subject to various risks, including, but not limited to, market, liquidity, currency, economic, and political risk, and will not necessarily be profitable. Past performance does not predict or guarantee any level of future performance. Below are certain material risk factors associated with the Program. There are certain other risk factors described throughout this brochure. All trading in your account is at your risk, and you are urged to consult with your Financial Advisor to discuss the risks associated with any investment strategy, particular investments and securities, and/or transactions recommended in the Program. Some of the material risks are as follows: • Market Risk. The value of securities owned by an investor may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to factors affecting certain industries and/or securities markets generally. • Interest Rate Risk. Fixed income securities will decline in value because of an increase in interest rates; a bond or a fixed income fund with a longer duration will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a bond or bond fund with a shorter duration. • Economic Conditions Risk. The economic, political, or financial developments will, from time to time, result in periods of volatility or other adverse effects that could negatively impact your account. • Credit Risk. Investors could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income security is unable or unwilling to meet its financial obligations. • Liquidity Risk. Investors would not be able to sell or redeem an investment quickly without significantly affecting the price. Liquidity risk is heightened when markets are distressed. Generally, alternative investments have higher liquidity risk than securities traded on exchanges, fixed income securities or Funds. • Risks Relating to Equities. The price may rise or fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, because of changes in a company’s financial condition. These price movements can result from economic changes or macro factors such as the economic performance of a particular country, interest rate movements, and international developments. Sector or industry developments as well as changes in government regulations may affect equity prices. • Risk Relating to Debt Securities. Debt securities, such as bonds, involve interest rate risk, credit risk, extension risk, prepayment risk, and other types of risks. In addition, the value of debt securities may fluctuate in response to market movements or issues that affect particular industries or issuers. When interest rates fall, the issuers of debt securities may repay principal more quickly than expected, and investors may have to reinvest the proceeds at a lower interest rate. This is known as “prepayment risk.” When interest rates rise, debt securities may be repaid more slowly than expected, and the value of the debt security can fall sharply. This is known as “extension risk.” Certain types of debt securities may be subject to “call and redemption risk,” which is the risk that the issuer may call a bond for redemption before it matures, and the investor may lose income. • Risks Relating to Specific Styles. Different types of stocks tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market and economic conditions. To the extent a portfolio emphasizes a value or growth style of investing, a portfolio runs the risk that undervalued companies’ valuations will never improve or that growth companies may be more volatile than other types of investments, respectively. • Risks Relating to Money Market Funds. An investment in a money market fund is neither insured nor guaranteed by the FDIC or any other government agency. Although money market funds seek to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, there is no assurance that will occur, and it is possible to lose money if the fund value per share falls. Moreover, in some circumstances, money market funds may be forced to cease operations when the value of a fund drops below $1.00 per share. If this happens, the fund’s holdings are liquidated and distributed to the fund’s shareholders. This liquidation process is likely to take a month or more. During that time, these funds would not be available to you to support purchases, withdrawals and, if applicable, check writing or other money movement debits from your account. • Concentration Risk. To the extent a client concentrates their investments by investing a significant portion of its assets in the securities of a single issuer, industry, sector, country or region, the overall adverse impact on the client of adverse developments in the business of such issuer, such industry or such government could be considerably greater than if they did not concentrate their investments to such an extent. • Sector Risk. To the extent a client account invests more heavily in particular sectors, industries, or sub-sectors of the market, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors, industries, or sub-sectors. An individual sector, industry, or sub-sector of the market may be more volatile, and may perform differently, RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 11 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  than the broader market. The several industries that constitute a sector may not all react in the same way to economic, political, or regulatory events. A client account’s performance could be affected if the sectors, industries, or sub-sectors do not perform as expected. Alternatively, the lack of exposure to one or more sectors or industries may adversely affect performance. • Risks Relating to Foreign Securities and Emerging Markets. Investments in securities of foreign issuers denominated in foreign currencies are subject to risks in addition to the risks of securities of U.S. issuers. These risks include political and economic risks, civil conflicts and war, greater volatility, expropriation and nationalization risks, sanctions or other measures by the United States or other governments, currency fluctuations, higher transactions costs, delayed settlement, possible foreign controls on investment, liquidity risks, and less stringent investor protection and disclosure standards of some foreign markets. Events and evolving conditions in certain economies or markets may alter the risks associated with investments tied to countries or regions that historically were perceived as comparatively stable becoming riskier and more volatile. These risks are magnified in countries in emerging markets, which may have relatively unstable governments and less-established market economies than those of developed countries. Emerging markets may face greater social, economic, regulatory, and political uncertainties. These risks make emerging market securities more volatile and less liquid than securities issued in more developed countries. For more information, see the “Risks Related to Foreign Securities and Foreign Currencies section” in the Client Account Agreement, available on our public website at www.rbcwm.com/disclosures. • Risks Relating to Annuities. Annuities are long-term investments and can offer tax-deferred accumulation with options for downside protection, death benefits and lifetime income. Variable annuities are securities that offer a range of investment options, called sub accounts, across different asset classes. Registered indexed linked annuities may also offer sub accounts and a choice of index strategies and provides certain protection against downside market risk and limited participation in index gains without directly investing in the market or an index. Fixed indexed annuities offer a choice of index strategies and provides protection against downside market risk combined with limited participation in gains tied to a particular index without directly investing in the markets or an index. Variable annuities and registered indexed linked annuities have market risk because the contract value fluctuates based on the investment performance of the sub accounts or the index accounts selected. Because the value of a variable annuity and a registered indexed linked annuity is tied to the performance of the investment options chosen, it is subject to investment risk. The value of your annuity will vary and could decline to less than the value of the premiums you have paid. You must pay the annuity fees, charges, and other expenses, regardless of how the annuity performs. Optional guaranteed benefits, which can normally only be elected at the time your annuity contract is issued, could restrict your investment options and in some cases cannot be reversed. You will pay additional charges for optional benefits and guarantees whether utilized or not. If you want to withdraw or terminate your annuity contract, your withdrawal may be subject to surrender charges or a market value adjustment. These charges are described in the annuity contract and prospectus/ statement of understanding. In addition, your contract with the annuity issuer may include specific guarantees and payment commitments. Those are obligations of the insurance company and are not guaranteed by RBC WM. For information, please consult the annuity product and underlying fund prospectuses which can be obtained from your Financial Advisor or directly from the insurance carrier. • High Yield Securities Risk. Certain strategies invest in securities and instruments that are issued by companies that are highly leveraged, less creditworthy, or financially distressed. These investments (known as junk bonds) are considered speculative and are subject to greater risk of loss, greater sensitivity to interest rate and economic changes, valuation difficulties, and potential illiquidity. For more information see the “High-Yield Securities Disclosure” on our public website at www.rbcwm.com/disclosures. • Counterparty Risk. An account may have exposure to the credit risk of counterparties with which it deals in connection with the investment of its assets, whether engaged in exchange traded or off-exchange transactions or through brokers, dealers, custodians, and exchanges through which it engages. In addition, many protections afforded to cleared transactions, such as the security afforded by transacting through a clearing house, might not be available in connection with over-the-counter (“OTC”) transactions. Therefore, in those instances in which an account enters into OTC transactions, the account will be subject to the risk that its direct counterparty will not perform its obligations under the transactions and will sustain losses. • Mutual Funds and Exchange Traded Funds. Mutual funds and exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) (collectively, “Funds,” each a “Fund”) are sold by prospectus. Please read the prospectus and offering documents carefully before deciding to invest in a particular Fund. Shareholders of these investments pay fees to the service providers of the Funds, for example, management and administrative fees. The actual returns of your investment will be reduced by those fees and expenses. The return and principal value of Funds will fluctuate so that shares may be worth more or less than their original cost when redeemed. There are risks involved with investing, including possible loss of principal. There is no guarantee that the RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 12 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  investments will appreciate during the time that you hold them and some or all may depreciate in price. The risks for each investment will vary depending on the investment objective and underlying investments of each Fund. The prospectus lists the applicable risks. Please review those risks carefully before investing. Purchasing ETF shares provides you an interest in an underlying basket of securities, designed to obtain investment results that correspond generally to price and yield performance of a particular index of securities, such as the S&P 500. There is no assurance that the ETF investments will match the index it aims to replicate. Investors in ETFs are subject to different risks than investors in mutual funds, as some of these instruments do not issue and redeem shares on a continuous basis. As a result, these securities may not be as liquid as open-end mutual funds. The price of these securities trading on an exchange can move independently of, and at a discount to, the net asset value (NAV) of securities comprising the ETF’s portfolio. We recommend that you read the prospectus and/or offering documents carefully and consider investment objectives, risks, fees and expense before investing. If you have any questions, please contact your Financial Advisor. • Collective Investment Trusts or Funds. A collective trust fund is not open to individual investors. The strategies may be speculative and involve significant risk. Unlike a Fund, the only way that an investor can gain access to a collective trust fund is through a retirement plan such as a 401(k) plan. Additionally, regulation of Funds and collective trust funds varies. For instance, the Fund industry is governed by the SEC. Funds lay out an investment strategy in legal documents that are filed with financial regulators in a region so investors are aware of the risks and rewards that are likely with a Fund. Managers of collective funds are not regulated by the SEC. Instead, these investment advisers adhere to less stringent guidelines and are overseen by the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency or by a state banking authority. As a result of less stringent governance, managers of collective funds must disclose fund performance and the components of a portfolio only once a year, although most collective fund managers communicate performance to investors on a more frequent basis. • Stable Value Funds. The objective of most stable value funds is to provide safety of principal and an investment return that is generally higher than a money market return, while providing participants the ability to withdraw their assets for ordinary transactions at book rather than market value. The ability to withdraw stable value assets at book value has limitations based on the insurance contracts that wrap the underlying assets. In addition, most stable value funds require a hold period before assets can be withdrawn from the fund by the plan sponsor at book value and may refuse to honor book value withdrawals after communications from a plan sponsor or plan fiduciaries that it determines caused participants’ withdrawals. The plan is often restricted from offering investment alternatives or plans that are viewed as competitive with the stable value offering such as money market mutual funds or short-term bond funds. Stable value funds are subject to counterparty risk of the insurers that provide the fund’s book value liquidity. • Group Annuities. In considering whether to purchase a particular group annuity for the Plan, clients should consider that a group annuity is a contract between the plan sponsor or the Plan trustee and the issuing insurance company that cover the participants in the Plan. A group variable annuity consists of separate accounts that typically invest in underlying investment portfolios the value of which fluctuates with the market value of the securities in the portfolio. Although a group annuity is issued by an insurance company, the annuity’s investment returns are not “insured” or guaranteed and risk of loss of principal does exist; however, the product may offer participants an option to purchase an annuity with a guaranteed component instead of a cash payout. Any such guarantee for an individual annuity is subject to the claims- paying ability of the insurance company. A group annuity contract generally is not a registered security and separate account is generally not a registered separate account. Therefore, the contract and separate account are not subject to registration or regulation by the SEC under the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or the Investment Company Act of 1940. A group annuity held in a qualified retirement plan does not provide any additional tax deferred treatment of earnings for the plan or participants beyond the treatment provided by the plan itself. A group annuity contract typically includes fees and expenses, including administrative fees for certain services of the insurance company, such as recordkeeping and administrative fees. These fees and expenses are in addition to the fees and expenses of the underlying investment options, which a participant will indirectly bear by investing in those investment options through the group annuity. ITEM 9: DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION The following is a summary of certain adverse disciplinary events and regulatory settlements during the last 10 years that may be material to your decision of whether to retain us for your investment advisory needs. You can find additional information regarding these settlements in Part 1 of our Form ADV at: adviserinfo.sec.gov/IAPD as well as the FINRA website located at www.finra.org/brokercheck. RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 13 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  • In June 2025, RBC CM entered into a settlement (the “Settlement”) with the Securities Division of the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts regarding allegations that RBC CM charged unreasonable commission for certain equity transactions, and did not reasonably supervise these transactions in violation of § 204(a) (2)(J) of the Massachusetts Uniform Securities Act. RBC CM agreed to pay restitution in an amount no less than $113,295.06, plus 6% compounded interest, to affected Massachusetts customers. RBC CM also agreed to provide restitution, plus 6% compounded interest, to affected customers of other jurisdictions that agree to the terms of an agreement (“Term Sheet”) between RBC CM and a multi-state group, including Massachusetts, executed contemporaneously with the Settlement. RBC CM agreed to pay an administrative fine in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,095,000 to the jurisdictions agreeing to the terms of the Term Sheet, which includes $25,000 to be paid to Massachusetts. • On August 14, 2024, RBC CM entered into a settlement order with the SEC in connection with RBC CM’s recordkeeping practices concerning business-related electronic communications sent or received by firm personnel using non-approved channels or methods (“off-channel communications”). The SEC found that from at least June 2019 to August 2024, RBC CM willfully violated Section 17(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 17a-4(b)(4) thereunder and Section 204 of the Advisers Act and Rule 204-2(a)(7) thereunder in connection with RBC CM’s failure to maintain and preserve the substantial majority of off- channel communications of its personnel that were records required to be maintained under Exchange Act Rule 17a-4(b) (4) and/or Advisers Act Rule 204-2(a)(7); and therefore, failed to reasonably supervise its personnel within the meaning of Section 15(b)(4)(E) of the Exchange Act and Section 203(e)(6) of the Advisers Act. RBC CM admitted to the facts in the settlement order and acknowledged its conduct violated the federal securities laws. The SEC ordered RBC CM to cease and desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of Section 17(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 17a-4(b)(4) thereunder and Section 204 of the Advisers Act and Rule 204-2 thereunder, censured it for its conduct, ordered it to pay a civil monetary penalty in the amount of $45,000,000, and ordered it to comply with the undertakings enumerated in the settlement order. • RBC CM consented to FINRA sanctions and findings that its supervisory system did not provide certain customers with mutual fund sales charge waivers and fee rebates to which they were entitled through rights of reinstatement offered by mutual fund companies, which resulted in the payment of $264,939.44 in excess sales charges and fees by eligible customers. On July 2, 2024, RBC CM was censured, fined $75,000 and required to certify that it had remediated the issues and implement reasonably designed supervisory system, including written supervisory procedures (“WSPs”). The firm also made full restitution, plus interest, to the affected customers. • RBC CM consented to FINRA sanctions and findings that it sent trade confirmations to customers that contained inaccurate information. The findings stated that the firm sent its institutional customers confirmations for fixed income transactions, including certain municipal securities transactions, that inaccurately stated that the transactions were executed in an agency capacity, when they were executed in a principal capacity. The firm also sent its institutional customers trade confirmations that inaccurately stated that certain transactions that were solicited were unsolicited and vice versa. In addition, the firm failed to deliver trade confirmations to customers that had requested electronic delivery of trade confirmations and failed to send trade confirmations for millions of dividend reinvestment program (“DRIP”) transactions. The findings also stated that the firm failed to establish, maintain, and enforce a supervisory system, including WSPs, reasonably designed to achieve compliance with trade confirmation requirements. The findings also included that the firm violated Regulation T promulgated by the board of governors of the federal reserve system under Section 7 of the Exchange Act by extending credit to certain customers of the firm and its introducing firms, which resulted in hundreds of incorrectly executed trades in those accounts and the frequent selling of the positions at issue to generate proceeds to cover the purchases. In connection with these transactions, customer accounts incurred commissions, markups, markdowns, and fees totaling $392,525.50, that they would not otherwise have incurred had the firm cancelled the trades. In addition, introducing firm customer accounts incurred $1,308 in fees in connection with these trades that they would not have incurred had the firm cancelled the trades. On April 29, 2024, RBC CM was censured, fined $375,000, ordered to pay $393,833.50 in restitution to customers, and required to certify that it has remediated the issues and implemented a supervisory system, including WSPs. • On November 2, 2023, RBC CM entered into a settlement with the SEC resulting in the SEC issuing an order (the “Order”). RBC CM consented to the entry of the Order that found that RBC CM failed to make and keep books, records, and accounts, which, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflected the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the issuer, and failed to devise and maintain a system of internal account controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. The Order directs that RBC CM cease-and-desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of Sections 13(B)(2)(A) and 13(B)(2)(B) of the Exchange Act. On November 2, 2023, without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM consented to the Order and was fined $6,000,0000. RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 14 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  • In May 2023, RBC CM entered into a settlement with the Commonwealth of Virginia’s State Corporation Commission’s Division of Securities and Retail Franchising (the “Division”) regarding allegations that it employed an investment adviser representative in the Commonwealth of Virginia without that person being duly registered with the Division, in violation of § 13.1-504 c (ii) of the Virginia Securities Act. RBC CM agreed to pay a $10,000 monetary penalty and $1,000 for the cost of the investigation. • In April 2023, without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM reached a settlement with FINRA and consented to sanctions and the entry of findings that it failed to establish and maintain a supervisory system reasonably designed to achieve compliance with its suitability obligations in connection with syndicate preferred stock in brokerage accounts. The findings stated that while the firm’s procedures called for supervisors to closely examine representatives’ short-term trading of preferred stocks, the firm’s electronic surveillance of short-term trading in preferred stock was unreasonably designed, and it failed to monitor for that activity. Although the surveillance system had certain alerts that specifically monitored for short-term trading in other products, such as closed-end funds, it did not have any alerts that specifically monitored for short-term trading in preferred stock. The firm also did not have any other alerts that flagged the purchase and sale within 180 days of syndicate preferred stock. Certain of the firm’s registered representatives recommended that a number of the firm’s retail customers purchase syndicate preferred stocks, and then sold the positions within 180 days, and such customers sustained losses on these transactions. The firm earned $653,313 in selling concessions from these syndicate purchases and $128,643 in sales commissions from the subsequent sales. The firm conducted a substantial syndicate preferred stock business yet did not maintain a reasonable supervisory system to monitor whether its representatives recommended short-term trading of syndicate preferred securities that was unsuitable, including for the purpose of capturing sales concessions and commissions. The firm was censured, fined $300,000, ordered to pay $128,643.17, plus interest, in restitution to customers, ordered to pay $653,312.83, plus interest, in disgorgement, and required to certify that it has remediated the issues identified in this AWC and implemented a supervisory system, including WSPs, reasonably designed to achieve compliance with FINRA Rule 3110 regarding the issues identified in this AWC. • On March 3, 2022, RBC CM affiliate and registered investment adviser, CNR, reached a settlement with the SEC concerning CNR’s breach of its fiduciary duty relating to the use of proprietary Funds and certain share classes in advisory accounts. Those Funds generated fees for CNR and its affiliates, rather than competitor funds within the same asset classes that may not have generated such fees, and created a conflict that was not disclosed. The SEC determined that CNR willfully violated sections 206(2) and 206(4) of the Advisers Act as well as Rule 206(4)-7 by failing to adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violations of the Advisers Act. Under the terms of the settlement, CNR paid $30,361,804 in fines, disgorgement, and interest. • Without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM consented to the sanctions and to the entry of findings that it failed to establish, maintain, and enforce a supervisory system, including WSPs, reasonably designed to achieve compliance with FINRA and Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (“MSRB”) rules with respect to representatives’ recommendations of high-yield corporate and municipal bonds. The findings stated that the firm’s policies and procedures did not sufficiently address the suitability factors that representatives should consider before recommending high-yield bonds. On December 15, 2021, RBC CM was censured, fined $550,000, and ordered to pay $456,155, plus interest, in restitution to customers. • On September 17, 2021, RBC CM entered into a settlement with the SEC resulting in the SEC issuing an order (the “Order”). RBC CM consented to the entry of the Order which found that from 2014-2017, RBC CM engaged in improper conduct in connection with the allocation, purchase, and sale of certain new issue municipal bond offerings in violation of internal procedures, as well as MSRB and SEC rules. The Order found that RBC CM’s conduct violated MSRB and SEC rules. The Order censured RBC CM and required RBC CM to pay disgorgement of $552,440, prejudgment interest of $160,886.97, and $150,000 as a civil penalty to the SEC. Such payments were made by RBC CM on September 22, 2021. • The Virginia State Corporation Commission found that, from December 1, 2017, through November 27, 2020, RBC CM employed an investment adviser representative (“IAR”) who was registered in the District of Columbia but not Virginia and that RBC CM failed to enforce its WSPs regarding IAR registration. On September 8, 2021, RBC CM executed the settlement order which states that RBC CM neither admits nor denies the Virginia state corporation commission’s allegations and paid a $10,000 civil penalty. • It was found by the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) that RBC CM violated NYSE Rule 3110(a) and (b) (Supervision) by failing to establish and maintain a supervisory system and WSPs reasonably designed to detect and prevent errors in market on close orders. On July 6, 2021, RBC CM entered into a letter of acceptance, waiver and consent with the NYSE under which RBC CM consented to the sanctions and was censured and fined $10,000. • It was found that RBC CM violated SEC Rule 15c3-5(b) and (c)(1)(ii) and Rules 3.2 and 5.1 of the CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc., CBOE EDGA Exchange, Inc., CBOE BYX Exchange, Inc., and CBOE EDGX Exchange, Inc. due to the fact that the Firm’s RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 15 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  financial risk management controls and supervisory procedures were not reasonably designed to (i) prevent the entry of erroneous orders, (ii) reject orders that exceed appropriate price or size parameters, on an order-by-order basis or over a short period of time, or (iii) reject duplicative orders. On March 30, 2021, without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM was censured and fined $45,000 by CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc., $45,000 by CBOE EDGA Exchange, Inc., $70,000 by CBOE BYX Exchange, Inc. and $45,000 by CBOE EDGX Exchange, Inc. • The Massachusetts Securities Division found that RBC CM failed to adequately supervise its representatives with respect to concentration and suitability of master limited partnership energy and telecom positions in certain client accounts. On February 2, 2021, without admitting to any supervisory deficiencies, RBC CM agreed to the described sanctions and fines totaling $320,267.41. • Without admitting or denying the findings, on December 15, 2020, RBC CM consented to the sanctions and to the entry of findings that it failed to establish and maintain a supervisory system reasonably designed to supervise representatives’ recommendations to customers to purchase particular share classes of 529 college savings plans. The findings stated that RBC CM did not provide adequate guidance to representatives regarding the importance of considering share class differences when recommending 529 plans and had no procedures requiring supervisors to review 529 plan share class recommendations for suitability. RBC CM updated its procedures to include such a requirement, but the updated procedures failed to adequately instruct supervisors to consider either the age of the beneficiary or the number of years until expected withdrawals, both critical factors in determining the suitability of the recommended share class. Also, RBC CM did not consistently provide supervisors with the information necessary to review the suitability of 529 plan share class recommendations. Later, RBC CM issued a company-wide compliance alert that provided guidance to representatives regarding 529 plan share class recommendations. RBC CM then updated its supervisory systems and procedures with respect to 529 share class recommendations. Among other things, RBC CM instructed supervisors to consider the age of the beneficiary when assessing the suitability of a representative’s 529 share class recommendation. RBC CM has agreed to pay restitution and interest relating to the sale of class C shares to certain 529 plan customers in the estimated amount of $839,803. • The SEC found that from at least July 2012 through August 2017, RBC CM disadvantaged certain retirement plan and charitable organization brokerage customers who maintained accounts at RBC CM (“Eligible Customers”) by failing to ascertain that they were eligible for a less expensive share class and recommending and selling them more expensive share classes in certain open-end Funds when less expensive share classes were available. RBC CM did so without disclosing that it would receive greater compensation from the Eligible Customers’ purchases of the more expensive share classes. Eligible Customers did not have sufficient information to understand that RBC CM had a conflict of interest resulting from compensation it received for selling the more expensive share classes. Specifically, RBC CM recommended and sold these Eligible Customers class A shares with an up-front sales charge, or class B or class C shares with a back- end contingent deferred sales charge (a deferred sales charge the purchaser pays if the purchaser sells the shares during a specified time period following the purchase) and higher ongoing fees and expenses, when these Eligible Customers were eligible to purchase load-waived class A and/or no-load class R shares. RBC CM omitted material information concerning its compensation when it recommended the more expensive share classes. RBC CM also did not disclose that the purchase of the more expensive share classes would negatively impact the overall return on the Eligible Customers’ investments, in light of the different fee structures for the different fund share classes. In making those recommendations of more expensive share classes while omitting material facts, RBC CM violated sections 17(a)(2) and 17(a)(3) of the Securities Act. These provisions prohibit, respectively, in the offer or sale of securities, obtaining money or property by means of an omission to state a material fact necessary to make statements made not misleading, and engaging in a course of business which operates as a fraud or deceit on the purchaser. As a result of the conduct described above, RBC CM willfully violated sections 17(a)(2) and 17(a)(3) of the Securities Act. On April 24, 2020, RBC CM was censured and paid disgorgement of $2,607,676, prejudgment interest of $631,331, plus a civil monetary penalty of $650,000. • Without admitting or denying the findings, RBC CM consented to the sanctions and the entry of findings that RBC CM entered 670 principal orders with incorrect origin codes, indicating that the orders were for customers instead of RBC CM. The findings state that RBC CM ignored red flags and failed to remedy the pattern of entering and executing orders with incorrect origin codes. In addition, for the calendar year 2018 RBC CM conducted 11 of 12 monthly origin code reviews late because RBC CM failed to enforce its procedures requiring timely origin code reviews. Between August 28, 2019, and October 2, 2019, RBC CM settled for a total of $100,000 across eight exchanges (NASDAQ PHLX LLC $7,138; NASDAQ Stock Markets/The NASDAQ Options Market $5,687; CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc. $28,271; NASDAQ ISE, LLC Fine $6,721; NYSE American LLC $4,098; NYSE ARCA, Inc. $5,509; CBOE Exchange, Inc.: $36,592; and CBOE C2 Exchange, Inc., $5,984). • FINRA found that from March 2008 to June 2016, RBC CM failed to make the statutorily required delivery of prospectuses to customers who purchased approximately 165,000 ETFs and notes and hundreds of thousands of open-end and closed- end mutual funds. RBC CM failed to design, implement, and enforce a reasonable supervisory system, procedures and set RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 16 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  of controls to comply with prospectus delivery rules for Funds and as a result, failed to discover the delivery failures until FINRA’s investigation into the matter. On October 17, 2019, RBC CM was censured and fined in the amount of $2,900,000. • RBC CM self-reported to the SEC the violations described below pursuant to the Division of Enforcement’s Share Class Selection Disclosure Initiative (“SCSD Initiative”). The SEC found that RBC CM, during the period of January 1, 2014, through March 27, 2017, failed to make adequate disclosures, in its Form ADV or otherwise, regarding its Fund share class selection practices, and the 12b-1 fees it received, in connection with advisory account transactions. Specifically, at times during the relevant period, RBC CM purchased, recommended, or held in advisory accounts Fund share classes that charged 12b-1 fees instead of lower cost share classes in the same fund. The SEC found that RBC CM failed to adequately disclose the receipt of the 12b-1 fees and the associated conflict of interest, thereby willfully violating Sections 206(2) and 207 of the Advisers Act. On March 11, 2019, without admitting or denying the findings, the SEC issued, and the firm consented to the entry of an order (the “Order”) that censured RBC CM and directs it to cease-and-desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of Sections 206(2) and 207 of the Advisers Act. Additionally, the Order requires Respondent to pay disgorgement of $10,494,813.38, prejudgment interest of $1,220,581.34, and to comply with the other undertakings enumerated in the Order as part of the settlement. • FINRA found that RBC CM failed to identify and apply sales charge discounts to eligible customer transactions in UITs. This resulted in customers paying, in total, with respect to approximately 4,399 eligible transactions, excess sales charges in the amount of approximately $502,088.88. In addition, it was found that RBC CM failed to effectively inform and train registered representatives and supervisors to ensure the proper procedures were followed and applicable sales charge discounts were applied. On April 4, 2016; RBC CM was censured and fined $225,000 and ordered to pay $502,088.88 plus interest in restitution to customers. ITEM 10. OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS A. Broker Dealer Registration RBC CM is registered with the SEC as a broker-dealer and investment adviser. Certain of RBC WM’s management personnel and all of its Financial Advisors and their supervisors are registered with FINRA as representatives of RBC CM in its capacity as a broker-dealer. B. Commodity Futures Registration RBC CM is also registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) as a futures commission merchant and swap firm. C. Material Relationships with Related Persons Program assets will not be held at RBC WM, and you are not required to purchase products that RBC WM distributes, or otherwise transact business with RBC WM, RBC CM, or any of our affiliates in order to participate in the Program. However, we have multiple affiliated entities engaged in many different business activities, and below is a list of affiliated entities of RBC CM that you may end up doing business with if you so choose. RBC GAM – U.S. RBC GAM – U.S. is an affiliate of RBC CM. RBC GAM – U.S. is a federally registered investment adviser that provides portfolio management services to institutional separate accounts, registered investment companies, pooled vehicles, and portfolio management services for wrap fee accounts and model portfolios offered by other providers. RBC WM makes RBC GAM – U.S. available for clients to select as an investment manager and a model provider in certain wrap free advisory programs that RBC WM sponsors. On occasion, RBC CM solicits clients for RBC GAM – U.S. RBC GAM – U.S. may also serve as investment adviser and/ or sub-advisor to Funds that may be recommended by RBC CM. This is a conflict of interest as we are incented to recommend the RBC Funds or other affiliate funds over a non-RBC Fund. We address this conflict of interest by proper disclosure and by not charging certain fees to retirement accounts, including accounts subject to Title I of ERISA and individual retirement accounts. City National Bank In certain instances, we, through our Financial Advisors, will refer clients to City National Bank (“CNB”) for certain banking products and services, or CNB will refer clients to us for brokerage and other investment services. In such cases, the referring party will, as permitted by applicable law, receive fees and compensation in connection with these products and services. We address this conflict of interest through proper disclosure. RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 17 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  City National Rochdale CNR is a subsidiary of CNB. CNR is a federally registered investment adviser that provides investment management services to high-net-worth individuals, families, and foundations. CNR may also serve as investment adviser and/or sub-adviser to Funds that may be recommended by RBC CM. This is a conflict of interest as we are incented to recommend Funds and/or third-party funds sub-advised by CNR, over a non-RBC Fund. This conflict of interest is addressed by proper disclosure and by rebating or not charging certain fees to retirement accounts, including accounts subject to Title I of ERISA and IRAs. RBC US Holdco Corporation RBC CM, RBC GAM – U.S., and CNB are wholly-owned subsidiaries of RBC USA Holdco Corporation, which is a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of RBC. RBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited (“GAM UK”), BlueBay Asset Management LLP (“BlueBay LLP”) and BlueBay Asset Management USA LLC (“BlueBay LLC”) are wholly owned indirect subsidiaries of RBC and affiliates of RBC CM. GAM UK, BlueBay LLP and BlueBay LLC serve as investment sub-advisers to certain U.S. registered Funds for which RBC GAM – U.S. or other third-parties serve as the investment adviser. Such funds may be recommended by RBC CM. This is a conflict of interest as we have an incentive to recommend funds that are sub-advised by our affiliates over other products. To the extent permitted by applicable law, this conflict is addressed by proper disclosure and by not charging certain fees to retirement accounts, including accounts subject to Title I of ERISA and individual retirement accounts. BlueBay LLP also manufactures and manages certain alternative investment funds and strategies available to Advisory Program clients. This is a conflict of interest as we are incented to recommend these RBC Funds or Alternative Investment funds over a non-RBC Fund or Alternative Investment fund. Trust and Estate Settlement Services Client can select CNB, a nationally chartered bank and trust company, or its subsidiary RBC Trust Company (Delaware) Limited (“RBC Trust”), a Delaware chartered trust company, as a professional trust and estate settlement service provider. RBC WM and its Financial Advisors are generally prohibited from serving as trustees. Clients can also select TrustCorp America (“TCA”), a Washington, D.C. chartered trust company, as a professional trust and estate settlement service provider. RBC CM has a minority interest in TCA. For more information, see the “City National Referral Disclosure Statement” on our public website at www.rbcwm.com/disclosures. ITEM 11: CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING A. Code of Ethics and Personal Trading RBC WM has adopted an Investment Adviser Code of Ethics (the “IA Code of Ethics”) in accordance with Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act, which applies to all RBC WM employees, contingent workers, contract workers and interns (“Covered Persons”), with limited exceptions. The IA Code of Ethics sets forth the standards of business conduct applicable to RBC WM and its Covered Persons (i.e., to act with integrity, honesty, and professionalism and to always act in the best interests of our clients) and is designed to ensure that RBC WM and its Covered Persons comply with applicable federal and state securities laws and regulations. The IA Code of Ethics also highlights that as an investment adviser and fiduciary, the Firm and its Covered Persons have an affirmative duty to always act in the best interest of our advisory clients which means their interests must always come first. This means that when acting in an investment advisory capacity, Covered Persons are responsible to: (i) put client interests before their own; (ii) act with utmost good faith; (iii) provide full and fair disclosure of all material facts; (iv) not mislead clients; and (v) disclose all potential, perceived, and/or actual conflicts of interest to clients. The IA Code of Ethics also includes guidelines regarding personal securities transactions of, and the maintenance of personal securities accounts by, its Covered Persons (with the exception of interns) in accordance with the Firm’s policies on outside securities accounts, and employee/employee-related accounts. More specifically, the IA Code of Ethics outlines the Firm requirements contained in such policies, including that Covered Persons and their immediate family members (i) maintain their personal securities accounts and accounts in which they have a beneficial interest at RBC WM, unless the Firm has given its prior express written permission to open and/or maintain an account outside of RBC WM, (ii) report their personal securities transactions and holdings to RBC WM, and (iii) obtain pre-approval for investments in private placements and initial public offerings, among others. In addition, the IA Code of Ethics also contains information on standards relating to prohibited and illegal activities associated with the possession of material non-public information (e.g., further disclosure, trading), the administration and enforcement of the IA Code of Ethics, and maintenance of certain records relating to the IA RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 18 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  Code of Ethics. As part of RBC WM’s annual Compliance questionnaire process, Covered Persons are required to certify to their receipt and review of, and compliance with, the IA Code of Ethics. A copy of the IA Code of Ethics is available to clients or prospective clients upon request. B. Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading Many of the conflicts related to participation or interest in client transactions and personal trading may not apply in the context of the Program because assets are not custodied at RBC and we do not require you to establish accounts, purchase products or otherwise transact business with us. Nevertheless, we attempt to address potential conflicts of interest through this and other disclosure documents. In addition to sponsoring the Program, RBC WM sponsors other investment advisory programs and engages in a broad range of brokerage and other financial services. These include public and private investment banking and underwriting, retail and institutional brokerage and trading, institutional research and numerous other brokerage, advisory and financial services. As a full-service broker-dealer, on an ongoing basis and as permitted be applicable law, we may, when appropriate: • act as broker or agent, effect securities transactions for compensation for you; • recommend to you that you buy or sell securities or investment products in which we or a related person or a family member of an employee has some financial interest; • buy or sell for ourselves securities that we also recommend to you; or • sell or convert Fund shares or other unbilled assets, which will subject proceeds to the Program fee. We have adopted internal policies and procedures with respect to conflicts of interest between us and our clients. Pursuant to these policies and procedures, we, when engaging in the activities enumerated above, treat your orders fairly and do not give our own orders preference over your orders. As required by applicable law and/or exchange rules, including, but not limited to, the Advisers Act, we obtain the consent of affected clients in advance of any transactions in which we will be engaging in the activities referenced above. When we engage in the activities referenced above, all statements and/ or confirmations of such transactions contain the disclosures required by applicable law and exchange rules. Employees and their immediate family members must maintain their personal securities accounts and accounts in which they have a beneficial interest at RBC WM, unless the firm has given its prior express written permission to open and/or maintain an account outside of RBC WM, and securities activities in those accounts are monitored daily to detect and prevent employees from trading ahead of client accounts. Additionally, RBC WM and/or its employees may recommend that clients in the Program make investment options available to plan participants at or about the same time that RBC WM or an employee buys or sells the same securities for its own account. This constitutes a conflict of interest. When this occurs, where required by applicable law or exchange rules, we obtain the consent of affected clients in advance of any transactions in which we will be engaging in the activities referenced above. When we engage in the activities referenced above, all statements and/or confirmations of such transactions contain the disclosures required by applicable law and exchange rules. RBC WM and its affiliates are not obligated to effect any transaction that they believe would violate federal or state law, or the regulations of any regulatory or self-regulatory body. ITEM 12: BROKERAGE PRACTICES While providing Program services, RBC WM does not select or recommend broker-dealers for client transactions. Thus, the Program does not include the review or recommendation of broker-dealers for client transactions. ITEM 13: REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS RBC WM provides fiduciary investment advice in the Program to its clients at the plan-level; it does not provide fiduciary investment advice to plan participants, unless we have a direct contractual relationship with the plan participant outside of the Program. When RBC WM does provide fiduciary investment advice to clients in the Program, RBC WM has instituted policies and procedures for the supervision and oversight of the Program. The supervisory structure is designed to ensure RBC WM complies with the requirements of the Advisers Act and ERISA, where applicable, along with other applicable rules and regulations. RBC WM Financial Advisors conduct periodic (but at least annual) reviews with their clients in the Program with the frequency agreed upon between RBC WM and the client. RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 19 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  ITEM 14: CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION We have referral agreements with independent third-parties (each, a “Promoter”) whereby a Promoter will refer prospective clients to us for investment advisory services. Under one of these arrangements, we will pay the Promoter for these referrals by sharing with the Promoter a portion of the Program fee (generally about 25%, although it can be higher than 25%, depending on facts and circumstances) that we receive from a referred client who opens an account in the Program. Under a separate arrangement, we will pay the Promoter a one-time flat fee of up to $695, based on the potential level of investable assets for each referral, with such fee payable regardless of whether the referred party opens an account with us. This arrangement presents a conflict of interest for us and our Financial Advisors because it has the potential to incentivize a recommendation that such prospective clients become clients to recoup the cost of the referral payment. We receive referral fees from third-party or affiliated investment advisers, professional trust and estate settlement service providers, lending institutions, for successful client referrals made by our Financial Advisors. The professional trust and estate settlement service provider or lending institution pays a referral fee pursuant to a referral agreement between us and the professional trust and estate settlement service provider or lending institution. The investment adviser shares a portion of the advisory fee it receives from the client with us pursuant to a referral agreement between us and the investment adviser. In the case where a Financial Advisor receives compensation for a client referral, there is a monetary incentive for us and the Financial Advisor to recommend that party over other parties that do not pay us and the Financial Advisor referral compensation. With referrals to affiliates, our firm may be subject to pressure from those affiliates to protect their business interests. This pressure creates a conflict of interest because it incentivizes us to make recommendations to you, or refrain from making recommendations to you, in a manner which best protects those business interests. Our Financial Advisors are eligible to receive compensation for referrals of clients and prospects to CNB or its subsidiary RBC Trust, for certain banking and trust products and services. However, CNB or RBC Trust may not be the lowest cost service provider to which our Financial Advisors could refer you. Compensation in the form of a production credit will be awarded to the Financial Advisor based on the type of banking product and service selected. This credit is calculated as a percentage of the net revenue generated by the relationship and/or originated mortgage amount over a set period that varies by product. The Financial Advisor’s receipt of referral compensation creates a conflict of interest because it provides an incentive for the Financial Advisor to refer clients to CNB or RBC Trust as opposed to other service providers that do not pay for such referrals. An RBC WM employee or an affiliate may also refer a client to an RBC WM Financial Advisor. As an incentive, the referring employee will receive a percentage, or a portion of the fees paid by the client for selected services. In addition, Financial Advisors are eligible to receive a one-time payment to refer existing client accounts to the RBC Advantage team. The referring employee’s role in the ongoing client relationship, if any, will vary depending on each client’s particular situation. The amount of the referral fee paid to us by a third-party investment adviser or by us to an employee providing a referral varies depending on the facts and circumstances. The client acknowledges the referral fee arrangement by signing the investment adviser’s consent and disclosure document. ITEM 15: CUSTODY We do not provide custody to Program assets. You will receive account statements from the broker-dealer, bank or other qualified custodian that is holding the Program assets. We urge you to carefully review your statements upon receipt. ITEM 16: INVESTMENT DISCRETION If you have selected the ERISA 3(38) model, we accept the discretionary authority to select the available investment options for your plan as disclosed in the Program Agreement. Clients may limit this discretion in accordance with the provisions of their plan or any other restrictions they may negotiate with RBC WM. Before assuming this discretionary authority, we require an executed Program Agreement delegating us this power. Refer to “Discretionary Services” section above for more information about RBC WM’s investment discretion. ITEM 17: VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES Our Program services generally do not include proxy voting services. You will receive your proxy materials directly from the custodian or transfer agent. You may contact your Financial Advisor to discuss any proxy solicitation. RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 20 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)  ITEM 18: FINANCIAL INFORMATION We are not required to include a balance sheet in this brochure because we do not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six months or more in advance. We do not have any financial conditions that are reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet our contractual commitments to clients. RBC CM, RBC WM, and their predecessors have not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition during the past 10 years. RBC Institutional Consulting Program Disclosure Document Page 21 of 21 25-25-3448900_25264 (09/25)