Overview
- Headquarters
- Norwalk, CT
- Average Client Assets
- $6.4 million
- Minimum Account Size
- $10,000,000
- SEC CRD Number
- 310396
Fee Structure
Primary Fee Schedule (PART 2A (MARCH 2026))
| Min | Max | Marginal Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $0 | and above | 2.00% |
Illustrative Fee Rates
| Total Assets | Annual Fees | Average Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $1 million | Below minimum client size | |
| $5 million | Below minimum client size | |
| $10 million | $200,000 | 2.00% |
| $50 million | $1,000,000 | 2.00% |
| $100 million | $2,000,000 | 2.00% |
Clients
- HNW Share of Firm Assets
- 42.19%
- Total Client Accounts
- 293
- Discretionary Accounts
- 290
- Non-Discretionary Accounts
- 3
Services Offered
Services: Financial Planning, Portfolio Management for Individuals, Portfolio Management for Institutional Clients, Investment Advisor Selection
Regulatory Filings
Additional Brochure: PART 2A (MARCH 2026) (2026-03-31)
View Document Text
RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
FORM ADV PART 2A
March 31, 2026
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of RiskBridge Advisors,
LLC (“RiskBridge”). If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at
(203)-658-6055.
RiskBridge is a registered investment adviser with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the SEC or any state securities
authority. Registration as an investment adviser does not imply any specific level of skill or training. This
Brochure provides information about RiskBridge to help you decide whether to retain the Adviser.
Additional information about RiskBridge and its advisory persons is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov by searching our firm name or our CRD# 310396.
401 Merritt 7, PH
Norwalk, CT 06851
Contact: (203) 658-6055
Email: info@riskbridgeadvisors.com
Website: https://www.riskbridgeadvisors.com/
Item 2. Material Changes
Since the last annual update of the brochure on March 28, 2025, RiskBridge Advisors, LLC ("RiskBridge")
has updated this brochure for the following:
Item 4 – Advisory Business: Family Office Solutions was added as a new service offering under
Private Wealth Management.
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation: Family Office Solutions fee language was added.
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation: The firm has established minimum relationship sizes for its
institutional advisory services: $25 million of AUM for discretionary OCIO engagements, $50
million for sub-advisory solutions provided to unaffiliated RIAs, and $10 million for single-account
sub-advisory mandates. The firm reserves the right to accept engagements below these
minimums at its discretion.
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss was expanded to provide
added clarity to the firm’s investment process and detail the firm’s risk management framework.
Item 10—Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations: Language was amended to include
Finley Davis Financial Group, Inc. (“FDFG”), owned by a RiskBridge IAR. In addition, FDFG’s broker-
dealer, Lion Street Advisors, LLC, was acquired by Integrity Alliance, LLC, and subsequently
changed its name.
Item 10 – Conflicts of Interest section was amended for added clarity regarding RiskBridge IARs
who may be compensated by independent, third-party firms for the placement of insurance
products.
Item 12 – Investment Discretion: New disclosures regarding trade errors were added for clarity.
From time to time, we may amend this Brochure to reflect changes in our business practices and
regulations, and to comply with routine annual updates required by the securities regulators. This
complete Brochure, or a Summary of Material Changes, shall be provided to each Client annually and upon
certain material changes.
Because Item 2 discusses only those changes made to this brochure since the prior annual filing that
RiskBridge believes to be material, this brochure should be reviewed in its entirety.
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
Page 2 of 36
Item 3. Table of Contents
Page
Item 2. Material Changes .............................................................................................................................. 2
Item 3. Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................. 3
Item 4. Advisory Business ............................................................................................................................ 4
Structure, History, and Ownership ............................................................................................................ 4
Client Assets Under Management ............................................................................................................ 4
Services Offered ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Item 5. Fees and Compensation .................................................................................................................. 12
Expenses ................................................................................................................................................. 13
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management .............................................................. 15
Item 7. Types of Clients .............................................................................................................................. 15
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss .................................................. 15
Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies ..................................................................................... 15
Risks Associated with Our Investment Strategies .................................................................................. 17
Item 9. Disciplinary Information ................................................................................................................ 26
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations .................................................................... 26
Material Financial Industry Affiliations of the Firm ............................................................................... 26
Conflicts of Interest ................................................................................................................................. 26
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading ................ 28
Code of Ethics ......................................................................................................................................... 28
Interested Transactions ........................................................................................................................... 29
Item 12. Brokerage Practices ...................................................................................................................... 32
Selection of Brokers ................................................................................................................................ 32
Soft Dollars ............................................................................................................................................. 32
Aggregation of Orders ............................................................................................................................ 33
Item 13. Review of Accounts ...................................................................................................................... 34
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation .................................................................................... 35
Item 15. Custody ......................................................................................................................................... 35
Item 16. Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................... 35
Item 17. Voting Client Securities ................................................................................................................ 36
Item 18. Financial Information ................................................................................................................... 36
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
Page 3 of 36
Item 4. Advisory Business
Structure, History, and Ownership
RiskBridge Advisors, LLC ("RiskBridge," the “Firm,” “we,” or “us”) is an independent investment advisory
firm founded in July 2020. The Firm is organized as a Delaware limited liability company with its principal
place of business in Norwalk, Connecticut. The Firm conducts business under the names "RiskBridge
Advisors, LLC," "RiskBridge," "RiskBridge Private Wealth," and "RiskBridge Advisors, LLC d/b/a Finley Davis
Private Wealth."
The Firm is principally owned by Tomah Management, LLC, a holding company wholly owned by William
Kennedy, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Investment Officer (CIO) of RiskBridge.
Client Assets Under Management
Client Assets Under Advisement
Regulatory Assets Under Management (RAUM)
Discretionary
Non-Discretionary
Total RAUM
$539,526,416
$358,789,588
$898,316,004
Assets Under Advisement
$63,817,569,676
Total Client Assets Under Advisement
$64,715,885,680
Total cl i ent a s sets usi ng market val ues a s of 12/31/2025.
Certa i n pri va te ma rket fund va l ues a re a s of 09/30/2025.
As of December 31, 2025, RiskBridge provided continuous and regular supervision and management of
$898,316,004 in regulatory assets under management (AUM). These figures are based on the net asset
values of our client’s securities (including hedge funds and private investments) as reported to us by the
investment managers. The value of private investments is reported as of 12/31/2025, unless the
investment manager has not reported, in which case it is reported as of 09/30/2025.
In addition, RiskBridge maintains relationships with many of our institutional clients, engaging proactively
and providing ongoing leadership and guidance on over $65 billion in clients’ investable assets, in which
RiskBridge makes recommendations but does not have the authority to execute or facilitate trades on
behalf of the clients (assets under advisement, or AUA). However, the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission does not consider these assets as regulatory assets under management (AUM).
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
Page 4 of 36
Services Offered
RiskBridge Advisors, LLC is an independent investment advisory firm founded in July 2020. The firm serves
institutional clients, including non-profit organizations, foundations, and financial services firms, through
outsourced chief investment officer (OCIO) and investment advisory solutions, and serves high net worth
individuals and families through comprehensive wealth management, financial planning, and family office
solutions. Institutional clients are served through the OCIO platform and individual and family clients
through the Private Wealth Management platform.
Outsourced Chief Investment Officer (OCIO) Services
RiskBridge provides institutional investment management and advisory services to a diverse client base,
including non-profit organizations and foundations, insurers, corporations, family offices, and other
registered investment advisers. Services are delivered through three primary arrangements: discretionary
OCIO, sub-advisory and model solutions, and specialized advisory services.
Discretionary OCIO
Under a discretionary OCIO arrangement, RiskBridge assumes full responsibility for day-to-day portfolio
management on behalf of institutional clients, including non-profit organizations and foundations,
insurers, corporations, and family offices. We collaborate closely with the client’s principals or investment
committee to establish appropriate investment policies and then manage all aspects of investment and
risk management within those parameters. Discretionary OCIO clients will enter into an Investment
Management Agreement (IMA).
This approach allows our clients' decision-makers and staff to focus on their strategic mission and high-
level investment policy decisions while RiskBridge manages:
Investment policy and governance advisory and implementation
Strategic and tactical asset allocation
Security research and selection
Manager research, due diligence, selection, and termination
Portfolio construction
Trading and implementation
Risk management and stress testing
Account aggregation, performance reporting
Macroeconomic and capital market research
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
Page 5 of 36
Sub-advisory and Model Solutions
RiskBridge provides sub-advisory services to unaffiliated registered investment advisers (RIAs) who wish
to offer institutional-quality investment management to their clients while maintaining the primary client
relationship. Under this arrangement, RiskBridge provides continuous investment management and
advice at the firm or IAR level, designing custom portfolios to meet each asset owner’s unique objectives,
investment policy, and risk tolerance. RiskBridge does not enter into direct relationships with the asset
owner or serve as their fiduciary; the unaffiliated RIA retains the client account and all fiduciary
responsibilities.
This approach allows outside financial advisors to focus on serving their wealth management clients and
growing their book of business while RiskBridge manages:
Strategic and tactical asset allocation
Security research and selection
Tax analysis and recommendations
Manager research, due diligence, selection, and termination
Portfolio construction
Trading and implementation
Risk management and stress testing
Macroeconomic and capital market research
RiskBridge generally provides sub-advisory services on a discretionary basis, pursuant to which the
unaffiliated RIA grants RiskBridge authority to make investment decisions without prior client approval.
In limited circumstances, RiskBridge may negotiate non-discretionary sub-advisory arrangements, under
which investment recommendations are subject to the unaffiliated RIA's approval before implementation.
The specific scope of investment authority is set forth in each Sub-advisory Agreement (SAA).
For sub-advisory engagements, the unaffiliated RIA is asked to establish a custodial account with a
designated custodian that maintains physical custody of the assets and the underlying records. RiskBridge
does not serve as the custodian for sub-advised assets, and RiskBridge will not be responsible for any
custodian or transaction fees. RiskBridge intends to manage the custom portfolio based on the end client's
risk tolerance (conservative, moderate, aggressive, or unconstrained), as established through a risk
questionnaire provided by the unaffiliated RIA. RiskBridge strives to maintain sub-advisory account data
as accurately as possible; however, we rely on accurate reporting provided to us by the unaffiliated RIA
and its custodian, whether via electronic or other means. RiskBridge is not responsible for inaccurate data
provided by the unaffiliated RIA or its custodian. The unaffiliated RIA must also promptly submit to us in
writing any changes to the Client Profile, as well as any information the unaffiliated RIA has regarding
managing the client's assets using RiskBridge’s custom portfolios.
RiskBridge is compensated through a sub-advisory fee and does not participate in or sponsor any wrap
fee program.
RiskBridge provides core investment models to unaffiliated turnkey asset management programs
("TAMPs") and model/strategist platforms. These arrangements are designed to serve TAMPs and their
registered investment adviser ("RIA") clients seeking institutional-quality, volatility-managed investment
strategies. The TAMPs and their RIA clients are unaffiliated with RiskBridge.
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
Page 6 of 36
The scope of each model arrangement, including the license fee structure and platform-specific terms, is
governed by a Strategist Agreement or Model Platform Agreement entered into between RiskBridge and
the applicable TAMP.
Under this arrangement, RiskBridge provides the following:
Access to RiskBridge Managed Volatility Portfolio (MVP) models, including model weights and
model inputs delivered through the TAMP's strategist platform and portal.
Security selection (ETF, mutual fund, and other models) based on investment characteristics and
fit with strategy objectives; RiskBridge does not accept compensation from any ETF or fund
company included in its models.
Ongoing monitoring of risk and returns at the model, asset class, and security level, with
adjustments to portfolio asset mix as needed to support each model’s objectives
RiskBridge does not provide continuous investment management to TAMP clients and does not enter into
a direct advisory relationship with the TAMP's RIA clients or underlying asset owners. RiskBridge does not
exercise investment discretion over platform assets and does not place trades or vote proxies in platform
accounts. The TAMP and its RIA clients are solely responsible for implementing all trading activity and for
providing administrative and performance reporting services to their clients. Model portfolios are not
tailored to the specific needs or circumstances of any individual investor; in some cases, a TAMP's RIA
client may have discretion to deviate from the model. Occasionally, model portfolios may hold funds that
differ from those used in RiskBridge's direct advisory accounts due to custodial constraints beyond the
Firm's control; as a result, performance between model platform accounts and direct advisory accounts
can and will differ.
Managed Volatility Portfolio (MVP) Models
RiskBridge offers its Managed Volatility Portfolio ("MVP") strategies as model portfolio solutions to
unaffiliated TAMPs, model platforms, and registered investment advisers ("RIAs") seeking institutional-
quality, volatility-managed investment strategies for their clients. These arrangements are a component
of RiskBridge's broader sub-advisory and model solutions offering and are governed by a Strategist
Agreement or Sub-advisory Agreement, as applicable.
The MVP strategies employ RiskBridge's proprietary volatility-targeting methodology, which seeks to
manage portfolio risk within defined volatility parameters through dynamic asset allocation. The MVP
strategies use unaffiliated exchange-traded funds ("ETFs"), mutual funds, and other model strategies,
selected based on investment characteristics and their alignment with each strategy's objectives.
RiskBridge does not receive compensation from any ETF or fund company included in its models.
Please see Item 8, "Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss," for a detailed
description of the MVP investment methodology, volatility-targeting framework, and associated risks.
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
Page 7 of 36
Specialized Advisory Services
For institutional clients with established investment offices who prefer to retain decision-making
authority, RiskBridge offers specialized advisory services under an Advisory Service Agreement (ASA).
These engagements are customized to complement existing in-house resources. Services may be provided
at the enterprise, total portfolio, or specific asset classes, and may include:
• Investment policy and governance advisory and implementation
• Strategic asset allocation planning
• Manager and fund research and due diligence
• Macroeconomic and capital market research
• Custom risk and performance reporting
• Board/Investment Committee education and training
• Asset-Liability Management analysis and support
• Enterprise risk management assessment
RiskBridge does not impose a minimum fee or account size for specialized advisory engagement; these
services are generally designed for institutions with established investment programs.
Private Wealth Management
RiskBridge provides comprehensive private wealth management services to high net worth individuals,
families, and family offices through its RiskBridge Private Wealth platform. The Firm's approach begins
with a thorough understanding of each client's personal and financial circumstances, goals, values, and
risk tolerance (see Item 8). RiskBridge asks thoughtful questions, listens carefully, and develops advisory
relationships that adapt as each client's circumstances and objectives evolve. Services are delivered
primarily through three areas: financial planning, investment management, and family office solutions.
Financial Planning
RiskBridge engages in broad-based and structured financial planning. Effective financial planning involves
more than allocating assets and minimizing taxes; it requires a thorough understanding of each client's
personal circumstances, goals, risk tolerance, and
long-term objectives. RiskBridge follows a
comprehensive, holistic approach that begins with a series of questions designed to develop a complete
picture of the client's financial life, both today and in the future.
financial circumstances are collected. RiskBridge's
The process begins with an initial consultation during which RiskBridge's services are explained, and the
client's personal and
investment adviser
representatives will conduct follow-up interviews as needed to gather complete financial data. Once this
information has been studied and analyzed, a written financial plan designed to achieve the client's
expressed goals and objectives is produced and presented. Where appropriate, RiskBridge can coordinate
a financial plan across multiple generations.
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
Page 8 of 36
Clients may engage RiskBridge for financial planning as part of a broader investment management
relationship, as a standalone service, or on a focused consulting basis limited to a specific area of concern.
Financial planning services may address retirement planning, comprehensive financial planning, personal
tax and cash flow planning, estate planning, insurance planning, divorce planning, college planning, and
compensation and benefits planning, among other areas.
Clients should be aware that conflicts of interest exist between their interests and those of RiskBridge and
its investment adviser representatives. For example, because RiskBridge's advisory fees are based on
assets under management, the Firm has a financial incentive to recommend that clients consolidate assets
with RiskBridge rather than maintain assets elsewhere, such as in an employer-sponsored retirement plan
or in directly held securities. Additionally, certain investment adviser representatives are licensed
insurance professionals affiliated with a separate broker-dealer or insurance agency. They may receive
commissions on
insurance transactions arising from a financial planning engagement. These
representatives therefore have a financial incentive to recommend insurance products, or particular
products over others, in a manner that may not be solely in the client's best interest.
Clients are not obligated to act on any recommendation made by RiskBridge. If clients elect to act on a
recommendation, they are under no obligation to effect the transaction through RiskBridge or through
any affiliated entity.
Retirement Account Advice
When RiskBridge provides investment advice regarding a client's retirement plan account or individual
retirement account ("IRA"), the Firm serves as a fiduciary within the meaning of Title I of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act ("ERISA") and/or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC"), as
applicable. Receipt of advisory fees in connection with such advice creates a conflict of interest, as
RiskBridge has a financial incentive to make recommendations that increase or preserve its compensation.
A specific conflict arises when RiskBridge recommends that a client roll over assets from an employer-
sponsored retirement plan to an IRA managed by RiskBridge, or from one retirement account to another.
Such a recommendation may increase RiskBridge's advisory fees and therefore presents a conflict
between the Firm's financial interests and the client's interests. When evaluating whether a rollover is in
a client's best interest, RiskBridge considers relevant factors including, but not limited to, the fees and
expenses associated with both the current plan and the proposed IRA, the range of available investment
options, the services provided, any applicable penalties or surrender charges, and the client's individual
financial circumstances and retirement objectives.
Clients are not obligated to act on any rollover or other retirement account recommendation made by
RiskBridge.
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
Page 9 of 36
Investment Management
RiskBridge provides continuous and regular investment advice based on each client's unique needs and
objectives. The Firm offers investment management solutions on a separately managed account
("Separate Account") basis, either discretionary or non-discretionary. Each Separate Account client enters
into an Investment Management Agreement ("IMA") and receives an Investment Policy Statement ("IPS")
tailored to the client's specific circumstances. RiskBridge may purchase, sell, convert, and otherwise
acquire or dispose of all forms of securities and other investments permitted by the IPS.
RiskBridge may allocate Separate Account capital to various securities and investment vehicles, including
mutual funds, exchange-traded funds ("ETFs"), exchange-traded notes ("ETNs"), derivatives, unaffiliated
third-party sub-advisers, and private investment funds. RiskBridge may enter into a Sub-Advisory
Agreement with unaffiliated sub-advisers who may exercise investment discretion and invest Separate
Account capital in various securities, including derivative instruments.
RiskBridge may allocate Separate Account capital to private investment funds as part of the investment
program. The Separate Account client will directly execute subscription documents and partnership
agreements with the private investment funds. Interests in any privately offered investment fund will be
provided only pursuant to a definitive prospectus or offering memorandum, subscription materials, and
organizational documents ("Offering Materials"). Before making any investment decision, clients and
prospective clients should carefully review the Offering Materials and base their decisions solely on such
materials. RiskBridge does not offer proprietary pooled vehicles managed or sponsored by RiskBridge or
any of its affiliates.
Client IMAs may be structured as either a "direct" or "TAMP" engagement. A TAMP engagement may be
suitable for clients seeking systematic portfolio implementation, tax overlay solutions, or a Unified
Managed Account ("UMA") structure. Clients are encouraged to carefully consider a TAMP program's
possible costs and disadvantages relative to direct engagement. Under either arrangement, RiskBridge is
authorized to execute transactions for client accounts through the selected custodian, which is
responsible for executing and clearing all transactions. The designated custodian will provide clients with
written confirmation of securities transactions and account statements.
RiskBridge operates on an open-architecture basis, maintains no compensatory relationships with
external investment managers or product providers, and neither RiskBridge nor any of its investment
adviser representatives sell broker-dealer products or services.
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
Page 10 of 36
Family Office Solutions
RiskBridge offers family office solutions alongside
its OCIO and Private Wealth Management
engagements, providing strategic and tactical advisory support across the full scope of a client's financial
and personal affairs. Deep familiarity with each client's circumstances — developed through ongoing
dialogue — allows RiskBridge to anticipate needs, coordinate complex relationships, and help clients
navigate life's transitions with confidence.
Family Office Solutions encompass, but are not limited to, the following areas:
Wealth Strategy and Asset Protection. Strategic guidance on wealth preservation, asset structuring, and
protection planning across the client's full balance sheet.
Business, Liquidity, and Exit Planning. Advisory support for clients with closely held businesses,
concentrated positions, or illiquid assets. RiskBridge evaluates ownership transition options — including
ESOP structures, business sales, and related strategies — coordinating with the client's legal and tax
advisers to align outcomes with broader financial objectives. RiskBridge's credentialed exit planning
professionals bring specialized expertise to these engagements.
Estate Planning Analysis. Review and analysis of estate plans, wealth transfer strategies, and related
documentation, delivered by RiskBridge's credentialed professionals in coordination with the client's
estate attorney. Services may include assistance with the design and implementation of wealth transfer
plans, periodic review of estate tax projections and estate documents, and administration and compliance
support for estates and related entities.
Tax Planning and Projections. Forward-looking tax planning and projection analysis designed to minimize
current and future tax liability, delivered by RiskBridge's credentialed professionals in coordination with
the client's tax advisers.
Risk Management and Insurance Review. Periodic review of existing insurance policies, including life,
disability, liability, excess liability, and property and casualty coverage. RiskBridge assesses the adequacy
of existing coverage as circumstances change and, where appropriate, may refer clients to unaffiliated
third-party insurance providers. RiskBridge does not sell insurance products and does not receive
insurance-related compensation except as disclosed in Item 10.
Bill Pay Services. Administrative support for the management and payment of client household and entity
obligations.
Lifestyle Services. Coordination and support for personal administrative needs, including travel planning,
household management, and other concierge services.
Philanthropic Consulting. Advisory support for clients developing and implementing a charitable giving
strategy, including donor-advised funds, private foundations, and charitable trusts, coordinated with the
client's legal and tax counsel.
Certain services are provided directly by RiskBridge professionals; where specialized expertise is required, the
Firm draws on a network of outside specialists. RiskBridge has no formal referral arrangements with these firms
and receives no compensation for introductions. RiskBridge does not provide tax or legal advice.
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
Page 11 of 36
Item 5. Fees and Compensation
The following paragraphs outline the typical fee structures and compensation methodologies for
RiskBridge's services. However, fees are negotiated with each client at different levels based on several
factors, including the aggregate assets under management, the complexity of the services to be provided,
and the client's overall relationship with RiskBridge. For example, certain legacy clients who transferred
to RiskBridge from an unrelated third-party adviser often have fee structures and billing processes that
differ from structures described herein. Clients should review their engagement agreement for
information related to fees and compensation.
OCIO Fees. For discretionary OCIO engagements in which RiskBridge manages assets on behalf of the
client/asset owner directly, RiskBridge will charge an asset-based fee with an annualized rate ranging from
0.10% to 0.40% of the assets managed, subject to a minimum fee. OCIO fees are charged quarterly in
advance, typically deducted from the client's accounts, and paid by the custodian directly upon request,
although RiskBridge may invoice fees. Upon termination of RiskBridge services, RiskBridge will assess a
prorated fee for services rendered, in accordance with the fee payment and termination provisions
contained in the Investment Management Agreement (IMA).
The Firm generally requires a minimum relationship size of $25 million for discretionary OCIO
engagements, though it reserves the right to accept engagements below this minimum at its discretion.
Sub-advisory Fees. For engagements in which RiskBridge manages assets on behalf of another advisor as
a sub-advisory basis, RiskBridge will charge an asset-based fee with an annualized rate ranging from 0.25%
to 0.65% of the assets managed, subject to a minimum fee. Sub-advisory fees are billed or invoiced
quarterly in arrears based on the total market value of the last business day of the immediately preceding
calendar quarter multiplied by the fee rate. Sub-advisory engagements are subject to an upfront “Advance
Fee” invoiced and due at the time of engagement. Upon termination of RiskBridge services, RiskBridge
will assess a prorated fee for services rendered, in accordance with the fee payment and termination
provisions contained in the Sub-advisory Agreement (SA).
The firm has established minimum relationship sizes of $50 million for sub-advisory solutions
provided to unaffiliated RIAs and $10 million for single-account sub-advisory mandates. The firm
reserves the right to accept engagements below these minimums at its discretion.
Model Fees consist of an annual asset-based fee of 0.25% on the assets invested in RiskBridge MVP models
as reported by the TAMP or adviser. Model fees are typically invoiced quarterly in arrears and paid by the
unaffiliated adviser, TAMP, or model platform provider. Model fees are generally lower than those for a
typical sub-advisory or private wealth management relationship since investment management effort and
day-to-day operational activity are typically lower.
RiskBridge imposes a $10,000 minimum asset size for model platform arrangements. Model assets are
reported as assets under advisement.
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
Page 12 of 36
Family Office Solutions / Specialized Advisory Services Fees vary depending on the relationship's size,
scope, and complexity. Each client's fee is negotiated on a case-by-case basis and set forth in the client's
Advisory Services Agreement (ASA). Fees may be charged monthly or quarterly, in advance or arrears, and
are invoiced directly. Institutional advisory fees may be a flat fee, an asset-based fee, or an hourly fee rate
and are subject to a minimum. Upon termination of RiskBridge services, RiskBridge will assess a prorated
fee for services rendered, in accordance with the fee payment and termination provisions of the Advisory
Services Agreement (ASA).
Private Wealth Management Fees. RiskBridge will receive compensation (the "Advisory Fee") from each
client account, typically an asset-based fee. The maximum current fee rate for RiskBridge's advisory
services for a Separate Account with a balance of $10 million or more is 0.65% annually. The maximum
current fee rate for RiskBridge's advisory services for a Separate Account with less than $10 million in
assets is 2.00% annually.
The Firm generally requires a minimum account size of $10 million, though we may accept accounts
below this threshold at our discretion.
For relationships where RiskBridge is hired only for cash management or performance reporting services,
the maximum current applicable fee rate is 0.10% annually. While it is generally RiskBridge's policy to
charge fees in accordance with the fee schedule in effect at the time the Investment Management
Agreement (IMA) is signed, fees are negotiable. RiskBridge may waive its minimum fee or account size or
charge fees different from those set forth herein, depending on facts and circumstances.
Fees shall be billed quarterly and payable in advance. Each quarterly billing shall be twenty-five percent
(25%) of the appropriate annual fee rate applied to the quarter-end assets under management, including
cash and equivalents, of the Separate Account as of the quarter-end immediately before the applicable
quarterly period as valued by the Custodian or Investment Manager's Administrator holding such assets,
pursuant to this Agreement and determined by RiskBridge. Client fees are typically deducted from the
Client's accounts and paid by the Custodian directly upon request.
Separate Account clients will be subject to a prorated fee for partial-period investments based on the
portion of the quarter for which the assets were invested. The unearned portion of the fee will be
refunded to the Client (as applicable).
Turnkey Asset Management Platform (“TAMP”) Fees
RiskBridge private wealth clients may engage the Firm through either a direct advisory arrangement or a
turnkey asset management platform ("TAMP") arrangement, each governed by an Investment
Management Agreement ("IMA"). Clients who elect TAMP services are subject to TAMP Fees in addition
to RiskBridge Advisory Fees. Each client's specific Advisory Fee and TAMP Fees are set forth in their IMA.
TAMP Fees consist of a platform fee covering trading costs, a unified managed account ("UMA") structure
that produces a single Form 1099 for tax reporting purposes, a tax overlay fee (if applicable), and sub-
adviser model and UMA fees (if applicable). TAMP Fees are calculated as an annual percentage of assets
under management.
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
Page 13 of 36
TAMP Fees are billed quarterly in advance at twenty-five percent (25%) of the applicable annual fee rate,
applied to assets under management as of the quarter-end immediately preceding the applicable billing
period, including cash and equivalents, as valued by the TAMP sponsor and custodian. TAMP Fees are
typically deducted directly from client accounts by the custodian. RiskBridge receives these fees and
remits the applicable TAMP platform costs directly to the TAMP provider.
RiskBridge collects TAMP Fees from client accounts and remits platform costs to the TAMP provider. This
fee flow creates a potential conflict of interest, as the Firm has an economic interest in recommending
TAMP arrangements. RiskBridge addresses this conflict by disclosing the fee structure in the IMA and
recommending TAMP arrangements only when the Firm believes they are in the client's best interest.
Where a client's portfolio includes allocation to a sub-adviser from the RiskBridge Approved List, the client
will also pay that sub-adviser's model or UMA fee. Based on RiskBridge's portfolio construction process,
clients will typically pay a blended annualized sub-adviser fee ranging from 0.05% to 0.20% of the Separate
Account. The actual sub-adviser fee for any client depends on the client's investment objective, the
selection and weighting of sub-advisers within the portfolio, and the market value of assets allocated to
each sub-adviser. As a result, similarly situated clients may pay different total fees.
Employee Retirement Income Securities Act (“ERISA”) Accounts
As a fiduciary to advisory clients that are employee benefit plans or individual retirement accounts
(“IRAs”), RiskBridge is subject to specific duties and obligations under the Employee Retirement Income
Securities Act of 1974 and the Internal Revenue Code that include, among other things, restrictions
concerning certain forms of compensation. See also Item 4 (Advisory Business).
Expenses
Separate Account clients will generally be responsible for all custodial fees, brokerage commissions,
clearing fees, interest, withholding taxes, transfer taxes, TAMP fees, and our fees as described above
incurred in connection with trading for the Separate Account.
As we consider appropriate, we may invest a portion of a Separate Account's assets in one or more
Underlying Funds, money market funds, mutual funds, or exchange-traded funds. When any such
investments are made, the Separate Account client will be paying, in addition to the compensation
payable to us, the Separate Account's proportionate share of any fees charged by the manager of such
Underlying Fund, money market fund, or mutual fund. In addition, we may invest a portion of a Separate
Account's assets in a portfolio managed by a Sub-Adviser. Any fees charged by a Sub-Adviser are separate
from and in addition to the abovementioned fees. RiskBridge may negotiate fees and expenses on behalf
of the Separate Account client.
This brochure describes, in more detail, the brokerage and other transaction costs that the Separate
Accounts will bear in Item 12 (Brokerage Practices).
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Item 6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
RiskBridge does not currently charge performance-based fees (fees based on a share of capital gains or
capital appreciation of the client's assets) but may do so in the future. The presence of flat and
performance-based fees could potentially create a conflict of interest in which RiskBridge has an
incentive to favor accounts with performance-based fees.
Item 7. Types of Clients
RiskBridge provides OCIO services to clients that may include U.S. and non-U.S.:
Individuals and ultra-high net worth individuals
Family offices
Trusts and estates
Insurance companies
Charitable organizations
Corporations or other businesses
Other Registered Investment Advisers (RIAs)
Model portfolio program sponsors
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
Investment Philosophy
RiskBridge specializes in asset allocation, portfolio construction, and manager selection within an
integrated, risk-first investment framework. Rather than relying on asset class labels, we focus on the
underlying factors driving risk and return. This factor-based perspective provides deeper insight into
portfolio behavior across market environments and enables us to construct genuinely diversified
portfolios.
Client Alignment and Volatility Targeting
Our investment process begins with each client's unique circumstances: investment objectives, time
horizon, spending or liability requirements, governance constraints, and risk tolerance. From this
foundation, we establish a portfolio volatility target, measured by the estimated annualized standard
deviation of returns, which serves as the portfolio's primary risk budget and governing constraint for all
subsequent portfolio decisions. For institutional clients receiving Outsourced Chief Investment Officer
(OCIO) services, portfolio construction also reflects spending policy requirements, liability awareness,
liquidity planning, and governance considerations specific to each client's context.
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Risk Management Framework
Risk management is core to RiskBridge's investment process. We employ a two-level framework that
operates continuously across strategic and tactical dimensions, with capital market research, manager
analysis, and portfolio construction each feeding back into it as conditions and opportunities evolve.
Level 1 risk management adjusts a portfolio’s relative risk, measured by tracking error, the divergence
between portfolio returns and the client's benchmark. We may adjust the degree of active positioning
periodically in response to the macroeconomic outlook. When the environment is uncertain, we may
reduce active risk. When conviction is elevated, we allow active positions to be greater within the bounds
of each client's investment policy statement. These adjustments are informed by a variety of factors,
including shifts in economic data trends, changes in central bank policy tone, and episodes of geopolitical
tension.
Level 2 risk management adjusts a portfolio’s absolute risk, measured by portfolio volatility. When realized
or forecasted volatility breaches the acceptable range, RiskBridge may raise cash, reduce equity exposure,
rotate into short-duration fixed income, and add defensive hedges.
For taxable clients, RiskBridge may employ structured tax-loss harvesting tailored to each client’s needs
as part of its risk management framework.
Capital Market Research
Proprietary research is a primary input into our risk management framework. RiskBridge produces original
analysis across macroeconomic conditions, capital market regimes, geopolitical risk, and asset class
dynamics, directly informing regime assessment and portfolio positioning. This is supplemented by other
research, such as financial publications, corporate rating services, annual reports, prospectuses, and other
SEC filings, direct dialogue with Sub-Advisers and Underlying Fund managers, and third-party research,
including periodicals, research reports, and due diligence memoranda.
Manager Research and Selection
Manager research and selection define the investable universe from which the risk management
framework draws. Our process integrates qualitative evaluation—covering organizational structure, team
background, compensation alignment, sourcing edge, and implementation discipline—with quantitative
analysis of historical return and risk relative to appropriate benchmarks and peer managers. For each
Underlying Fund and Sub-Adviser, we analyze return expectations, expected risk contribution, liquidity
profile, and portfolio fit. Only managers who meet the Firm's standards across both dimensions are added
to the approved manager list, and all approved managers are continuously monitored.
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Portfolio Construction
Portfolio construction is the output of the risk management framework, in which client alignment, risk
controls, capital market research, and manager selection converge to form an implemented portfolio. We
allocate risk factor exposures to achieve each client's volatility target while maintaining genuine
diversification across return drivers. We may implement tactical tilts within the bounds of each client's
investment policy statement. Portfolios utilize exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, separately
managed accounts (SMAs), and private investment funds (if available), which may include hedged equity,
private equity, hedged credit, private credit, real estate, infrastructure, and co-investments. Each
investment's position size is calibrated to its contribution to the risk budget and is evaluated before
inclusion into a portfolio and on an ongoing basis.
Managed Volatility Portfolio (MVP) Strategies
The Managed Volatility Portfolio ("MVP") strategies represent RiskBridge's core investment methodology
and are available through both direct advisory accounts and model platform arrangements. The MVP
strategies employ a proprietary volatility-targeting framework designed to manage portfolio risk (tracking
error and annualized standard deviation of return) within defined parameters across full market cycles.
The MVP approach actively manages the portfolio’s volatility in response to changing market conditions.
For a description of the MVP strategies as offered through RiskBridge's sub-advisory and model solutions
arrangements, please see Item 4, "Advisory Business."
RiskBridge manages MVP portfolios through risk management and other methodologies mentioned
above.
Risks Associated with Our Investment Strategies
The investment strategies described above that we, the Underlying Funds and/or the Sub-Advisers, use
for the Separate Accounts, cover many investment types. Material risks involved in the strategies and
investment models are described below.
MVP Strategy-Specific Risks
Volatility Targeting Risk. The MVP strategies seek to manage portfolio volatility within defined parameters
but do not guarantee against loss. The volatility-targeting process may systematically reduce risk asset
exposure during periods of elevated market volatility, causing the portfolio to miss subsequent recoveries.
Conversely, the strategy may maintain full risk asset exposure during periods of suppressed volatility that
precedes sudden market dislocations. Volatility targeting is a risk management tool, not a return-
enhancement strategy, and may cause the MVP strategies to underperform unmanaged benchmarks in
trending markets.
Proprietary Model Risk. The MVP strategies rely on a proprietary risk model framework that synthesizes
business, liquidity, and market cycle indicators to inform portfolio positioning. Models based on historical
data, analytical assumptions, and judgments will not accurately predict future market conditions. Model-
driven processes can fail in ways that are difficult to anticipate, and no assurance can be given that the
two-layer risk management framework will achieve its intended objectives under all market conditions.
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Tactical Allocation Risk. The MVP strategies employ ongoing tactical adjustments to asset class weights in
response to changing return and risk factors. These adjustments may not produce the intended risk
reduction or return outcomes. Tactical positioning that proves incorrect may result in underperformance
relative to a static allocation, and more frequent rebalancing activity may increase portfolio turnover and
associated transaction costs.
Other Risks
Overall Investment Risk. All securities investments risk the loss of capital. The nature of the securities
purchased and traded by the Separate Accounts and Underlying Funds and the investment techniques
and strategies we, the Underlying Funds, and the Sub-Advisers employ may increase this risk. There can
be no assurance that Separate Accounts will not incur losses. Many unforeseeable events, including, but
not limited to, actions by various government agencies, such as the Federal Reserve Board, and domestic
and international economic and political developments, may cause sharp market fluctuations, which could
adversely affect the Separate Accounts.
Any past successes with our investment methodology cannot assure future results. There can be no
assurance that the investments or investment techniques we employ for Separate Accounts will achieve
Separate Accounts' investment objectives or that Separate Accounts will be profitable. Similarly, any past
successes of an Underlying Fund or Sub-Adviser with its investment methodology cannot assure future
results. There can be no assurance that the investments or investment techniques employed by an
Underlying Fund or Sub-Adviser will achieve its investment objectives or be profitable.
RiskBridge believes the amount and types of risk taken matter most to investment performance but does
not guarantee the results of the advice given or the model portfolios. Thus, losses can occur by following
any strategy or investing in any security, including those recommended or applied by RiskBridge. A
RiskBridge client may lose all or a substantial portion of its investment, and clients must be prepared to
bear the risk of a complete loss.
Dependence on our Firm. Client portfolios are dependent on the continued service and active trading
efforts of our key managers and employees, including William Kennedy. If the services of any key
managers or employees with our firm were to discontinue or lapse for any reason, our clients’ portfolios
would likely be adversely affected.
General Investment Risk. Investments selected directly by us and/or the Sub-Advisers and Underlying
Funds we select may decline in value for any number of reasons, including changes in the overall market
for equity and/or debt securities and factors about particular portfolio securities, such as management,
the market for the issuer's products or services, sources of supply, technological changes within the
issuer's industry, the availability of additional capital and labor, general economic conditions, political
conditions, and other similar conditions.
Market Volatility. The securities markets have, in recent years, been characterized by high degrees of
volatility and unpredictability. In addition, the U.S. and other national economies have recently undergone
significant disruptions, and future economic conditions are uncertain. Both market and economic
conditions and events such as interest rates, availability of credit, inflation rates, economic uncertainty,
changes in laws (including laws relating to the taxation of investments), trade barriers, currency exchange
controls, national and international political circumstances (including wars, terrorist acts, or security
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operations), and the occurrence of various events (including hurricanes, earthquakes, other natural
disasters and disease outbreaks or pandemics) may be expected to have an impact (potentially adverse)
on the profitability of the Separate Accounts.
Concentration of Investments. The identity and number of Underlying Funds and/or Sub-Advisers to which
a Separate Account's assets are allocated will vary over time. In addition, certain Separate Accounts may
be allocated to a limited number of Underlying Funds and/or Sub-Advisers. Further, certain Separate
Accounts may, from time to time, have a material percentage of their respective assets concentrated in
one or more investment strategies or investments. A loss in any investment could have a materially
adverse impact on the applicable Separate Account's capital. There is a risk that a Separate Account's
investments will not be diversified in all market conditions. The possible lack of diversification might
subject the investments of such a Separate Account to more rapid changes in value than would be the
case if its assets were more widely diversified.
Equity Risks. The Separate Accounts and Underlying Funds will invest in equity securities or equivalents.
The value of these securities generally will vary with the issuer's performance and movements in the
equity markets. As a result, the Separate Accounts and/or Underlying Funds may suffer losses and/or not
successfully hedge targeted risks if they invest in equity securities of issuers whose performance diverges
from the expectations of the Firm, the Sub-Adviser, and/or the manager of the Underlying Fund.
Price Volatility. Stocks are inherently volatile. Such volatility may result in the value of a Separate
Account's or Underlying Fund's assets fluctuating more than that of other, more diversified investment
vehicles. There can be no assurance that our investment strategies, including hedging techniques or other
techniques, will effectively protect the Separate Accounts from such price volatility.
Foreign Investments. A portion of the Separate Accounts and/or Underlying Funds assets may consist of
foreign investments, including foreign or domestic equity securities denominated in foreign currencies
and/or traded outside of the United States. Such investments entail risks that are typically not associated
with investing in U.S. securities or property. Such risks include, among other things, trade balances and
imbalances and related economic policies, unfavorable currency exchange rate fluctuations, imposition
of exchange control regulation by the United States or foreign governments, United States and foreign
withholding taxes, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets, policies of governments with
respect to possible nationalization of their industries, political difficulties, including expropriation of
assets, confiscatory taxation and economic or political instability in foreign nations (including wars, such
as the Russia-Ukraine conflict, Gaza conflict, terrorist acts or security operations).
There may be less publicly available information about certain foreign companies than for comparable
companies in the United States, and such companies may not be subject to accounting, auditing, and
financial reporting standards and requirements similar to or as uniform as those of United States
companies. While growing in volume, securities outside the United States trade at substantially lower
volumes than U.S. markets, and many traded on these foreign markets are less liquid and have prices that
are more volatile than those of comparable U.S. companies. In addition, trade settlement in some non-
U.S. markets is slower, less systematic, and more prone to failure than in U.S. markets. There may also be
less extensive regulation of the securities markets in countries other than the United States.
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Dependence on Sub-Advisers and Underlying Funds. Each Separate Account that is primarily allocated to
Sub-Advisers and Underlying Funds will depend heavily on the expertise and abilities of those Sub-
Advisers and Underlying Funds. Each such Sub-Adviser and Underlying Fund will have investment
discretion over the applicable Portfolio's assets, and there is a risk that an event having a negative impact
on one of the Sub-Advisers and/or Underlying Funds, such as a significant change in personnel or
corporate structure or resources, may adversely affect the Portfolio's results. External Sub-Advisers
and/or Underlying Funds we select may not have extensive track records.
Multiple Managers. The overall success of our strategies depends on, among other things, (i) the ability
to develop a successful asset allocation strategy, (ii) the ability to select Sub-Advisers and Underlying
Funds and to allocate the assets amongst them, and (iii) the ability of the Sub-Advisers and Underlying
Funds to be successful in their strategies. Past performance of such strategies does not necessarily
indicate future profitability. No assurance can be given that the strategy or strategies utilized will be
successful under all or any future market conditions.
Because we may allocate Separate Account assets to multiple Sub-Advisers and/or Underlying Funds who
make their trading decisions independently, it is possible that one or more of such Sub-Advisers and/or
Underlying Funds may, at any time, take positions that may be opposite of positions taken by other Sub-
Advisers and/or Underlying Funds. It is also possible that Sub-Advisers and/or Underlying Funds may, on
occasion, take substantial positions in the same security or group of securities at the same time. The
possible lack of diversification caused by these factors may subject a Portfolio to more rapid changes in
value than it would if it were more widely diversified. In addition, a particular Sub-Adviser and/or
Underlying Fund may take positions for a Separate Account that may be opposite those taken for its other
clients.
Due diligence considerations. We will conduct the due diligence we believe is adequate to select Sub-
Advisers and Underlying Funds. However, due diligence is not foolproof and may not uncover problems
associated with a particular Sub-Adviser or Underlying Fund. For example, one or more of the Sub-Advisers
or Underlying Funds may engage in improper conduct, including unauthorized changes in investment
strategy, which may be harmful and may result in losses to the Separate Account. We may rely upon
representations made by Sub-Advisers, Underlying Funds, accountants, attorneys, prime brokers, and/or
other investment professionals. If any such representations are misleading, incomplete, or false, this may
result in selecting a Sub-Adviser or Underlying Fund that might have otherwise been eliminated from
consideration had fully accurate and complete information been made available to us.
While the Underlying Funds may be subject to certain investment restrictions, there can be no assurance
that the Underlying Funds' external investment managers will comply with such restrictions. Moreover,
Separate Accounts will rely on valuations provided by the prime brokers or administrators of the
Underlying Funds, and we cannot verify the accuracy of such valuations for a given Underlying Fund's
fiscal year. The Separate Accounts receive verification of Underlying Funds annually as part of the
Underlying Funds' audit process. If an external investment manager deviates from an investment
restriction or the prime broker or administrator provides incorrect valuations, the Underlying Funds and
the applicable Separate Account could be adversely affected.
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Selection and Monitoring of Sub-Advisers and Underlying Funds. There is a risk that, in our selection
process, we will not identify appropriate Sub-Advisers or Underlying Funds for Portfolios or will not
identify weaknesses in a Sub-Adviser's or Underlying Fund's compliance or operational controls, or
existing material regulatory, financial, or other operational issues. Further, there is a risk that a Sub-
Adviser or Underlying Fund fails to meet our expectations over time, develops significant weaknesses in
its compliance or operational controls that could materially adversely affect a Separate Account's
investment, or develops material regulatory, financial, or other operational issues.
Transaction Execution and Costs. As a result of certain strategies that we and/or one or more Underlying
Funds or Sub-Advisers may employ, the Separate Accounts' or Underlying Funds' portfolios may include
short-term holdings (which may comprise a significant portion of the Separate Accounts' or Underlying
Funds' portfolios) and, consequently, the Separate Accounts or Underlying Funds may experience a
relatively high volume of trading activity. In addition, in many cases, relatively narrow spreads may exist
between the prices at which the Separate Accounts or Underlying Funds purchase and sell particular
positions. The successful application of our Underlying Funds’ and the Sub-Advisers' methodology may,
therefore, depend, in part, on the quality of execution of transactions, such as the ability of broker-dealers
to execute orders on a timely and efficient basis. Although we will seek to use brokerage firms that provide
superior execution capabilities for Separate Accounts, there is no assurance that all of the Separate
Accounts' transactions will be executed with optimal quality. The level of commission charges, as an
expense of the Separate Accounts and/or Underlying Funds, may, therefore, be a factor in determining
the future profitability of the Separate Accounts or Underlying Funds.
Underlying Funds and/or Sub-Advisers may allocate transactions to brokers that agree to pay all or part
of their research-related expenses or so-called "soft dollar" arrangements. Such soft-dollar arrangements
may result in higher commission costs or other execution inefficiencies. There can be no assurance that
an Underlying Fund or a Sub-Adviser will successfully seek to reduce expenses through satisfactory soft
dollar arrangements or that such arrangements will not result in increased transaction costs or otherwise
impact the Underlying Funds or Separate Accounts.
Alternative Investing Generally. Our strategies are designed for investors seeking potential long-term
growth from alternative investments who do not require regular income and can accept a high degree of
risk. In view of, among other things, the strategies' flexibility to invest in a wide range of securities and
instruments and to use a wide variety of investment techniques, the strategy may be deemed speculative
in nature and is not intended to be a comprehensive investment program. The strategies are intended
solely for sophisticated investors who are accustomed to and fully understand the risks of such
investments.
No assurance can be given that a Separate Account or Underlying Fund will achieve its investment
objective or that its investment strategy will be successful.
Alternative Investment Funds. Alternative investment funds, such as hedge funds, private equity funds,
and other private investment funds, often are: (i) highly speculative and invest in complex instruments
and structures, including derivatives and structured products; (ii) illiquid with limited withdrawal or
redemption rights; (iii) leveraged; (iv) subject to significant volatility; (v) subject to long holding periods;
(vi) less transparent than public investments; (vii) subject to significant restrictions on transfers; (viii)
affected by complex tax considerations; and (ix) in the case of private equity funds, affected by capital call
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default risk. In addition to the above, investors in these alternative investment funds, such as the
Underlying Funds, are subject to fees and expenses that will reduce profits or increase losses.
Hedging Transactions. Certain Separate Accounts, Underlying Funds, and/or Sub-Advisers may use
financial instruments for both investment and risk management purposes. These instruments could
include writing or buying options and other derivatives, as well as shorting securities, funds, indices, or
swaps, and combining long and short positions in securities and instruments to reduce overall risk. The
success of a hedging strategy will depend on the Firm's, the Underlying Fund's, or the Sub-Adviser's ability
to predict, if any, the future correlation between the hedging instruments and the investments being
hedged. The change in the correlation may also result in the hedge increasing the Portfolio's or Underlying
Fund's overall risk. There is also a risk that such a correlation will change over time, rendering the hedge
ineffective. Since the characteristics of many securities change as markets evolve, the success of a hedging
strategy may also depend on the Firm's, the Underlying Fund's, or the Sub-Adviser's ability to correctly
readjust and execute hedges in an efficient and timely manner.
Hedging transactions, however, also limit the opportunity to gain if the value of the portfolio position
increases. In addition, the degree of correlation between the price movements of the hedging instruments
and those of the hedged portfolio may vary. Insufficient correlation between hedged and hedging
positions may not only fail to protect the Separate Accounts or Underlying Funds against the risks sought
to be hedged. Still, it may also increase the overall loss in the event of hedging position losses. For a variety
of reasons, we, an Underlying Fund, or a Sub-Adviser, may not seek or be able to establish a sufficiently
accurate correlation between such hedging instruments and the portfolio holdings being hedged.
Moreover, we, an Underlying Fund, or a Sub-Adviser, may not necessarily endeavor to hedge a Separate
Account's or an Underlying Fund's portfolio whatsoever. Generally, the Separate Accounts' and
Underlying Funds' portfolios will be exposed to basic issuer risk and other risks attendant to their
investment strategy and particular positions, which will not be hedged in general.
Short Selling. Short selling may be part of our, the Underlying Funds', and/or the Sub-Advisers' investment
strategies and may be utilized both in situations where the Underlying Fund, the Sub-Adviser, or we
believe the securities in question are overvalued and, therefore, likely to experience significant price
declines, over time, or as a hedge or offset to related long positions. Short selling inherently involves
certain additional risks. Selling securities short creates the risk of losing an amount greater than the initial
investment in a relatively short period of time, and the theoretically unlimited risk of an increase in the
market price of the securities sold short. There is also the risk that the securities borrowed by a Separate
Account or Underlying Fund in connection with a short sale would need to be returned to the securities
lender on short notice. If the request to return securities occurs when other short sellers of the security
are receiving similar requests, a "short squeeze" can occur. The Separate Account or Underlying Fund
might be compelled, at the most disadvantageous time, to replace borrowed securities previously sold
short with purchases on the open market, possibly at prices significantly in excess of the proceeds received
earlier. In addition, short selling can involve significant borrowing and other costs, reducing the profit or
creating losses in particular positions.
Investments in Restricted Securities. We, the Underlying Funds, or the Sub-Advisers, may cause the
Separate Accounts or Underlying Funds to invest in "restricted securities," which are securities subject to
significant legal or contractual restrictions on their resale to the public. Investing in restricted securities
involves a number of substantial risks. Without the ability to resell restricted securities in the public
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markets, a Separate Account or Underlying Fund may be compelled to hold such investments indefinitely
or to dispose of them in private transactions on unattractive terms. Such restrictions, therefore, can impair
both the avoidance of losses and the timely realization of gains. Although, in some instances, a Separate
Account or Underlying Fund may have registration rights or other contractual means to achieve liquidity
for its investment in restricted securities, such rights may be limited or ineffective in providing the desired
secondary-market liquidity. Restricted securities invested in by the Separate Accounts and Underlying
Funds may include highly speculative, developmental-stage issuers and more seasoned companies, which
can involve significant issuer- or industry-related risks.
Investments with Limited or No Liquidity. We, the Underlying Funds or the Sub-Advisers, may decide to
cause Separate Accounts or Underlying Funds to take positions in particular relatively large securities,
given their trading volume or overall market capitalization. Such positions may, at times, prove more
difficult to sell in a timely or efficient manner and could thus impair to some extent a Separate Account's
or Underlying Fund's ability to fully realize portfolio gains or limit losses. We generally do not limit
investments to issues with any particular minimum capitalization. Such stocks often have less liquidity
than large capitalization issues.
Leverage, Interest Rates, Margin. Separate Accounts and/or Underlying Funds may utilize leverage to
increase investment positions or make additional investments. A Separate Account will have no control
over the amount of leverage an Underlying Fund uses. Leverage may be employed by means of
conventional margin arrangements or through options, swaps, forwards, and other derivative
instruments.
While leverage (including the use of derivatives) can increase a Separate Account's or Underlying Fund's
total return, it can also increase losses. Accordingly, any event that adversely affects the value of an
investment, either directly or indirectly, could be magnified to the extent that leverage is employed. The
effect of the use of leverage by the Separate Accounts and Underlying Funds in a market that moves
adversely to the investments of the entity employing the leverage could result in a loss to a Separate
Account or an Underlying Fund that would be greater than if the Separate Account or Underlying Fund
did not employ leverage. In addition, to the extent that a Separate Account or Underlying Fund borrows
funds, the interest cost at which the Separate Account or Underlying Fund can borrow will affect the
operating results of the Separate Account or Underlying Fund.
The use of short-term margin borrowings by the Separate Accounts and Underlying Funds may entail
additional risks. For example, should the securities that are pledged to brokers to secure a Separate
Account's or Underlying Fund's margin accounts decline in value, or should brokers from which the
Separate Account or Underlying Fund has borrowed increase their maintenance margin requirements
(i.e., reduce the percentage of a position that can be financed), then a Separate Account or Underlying
Fund could be subject to a "margin call," pursuant to which the Separate Account or Underlying Fund must
either deposit additional funds with the broker or suffer mandatory liquidation of the pledged securities
to compensate for the decline in value. The broker typically has the right to liquidate a portfolio in certain
circumstances. In the event of a precipitous drop in the value of the assets of the Separate Account or
Underlying Fund, the Separate Account or Underlying Fund might not be able to liquidate assets quickly
enough to pay off the margin debt and might suffer mandatory liquidation of positions in a declining
market at relatively low prices. Similar risks may arise in connection with longer-term borrowings and
certain derivative transactions.
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Options. We, the Underlying Funds and the Sub-Advisers, may utilize options to further our investment
strategies for both speculative and hedging purposes. Options positions may include long positions, in
which a Separate Account or an Underlying Fund is the holder of put or call options, and short positions,
in which a Separate Account or an Underlying Fund is the seller (writer) of an option. Although option
techniques can increase investment return, they can also involve a relatively higher level of risk. The
writing (selling) of uncovered options involves a theoretically unlimited risk of a price increase or decline
in the underlying security. The expiration of unexercised long option positions effectively results in a loss
of the entire cost or premium paid for the option. Option premium costs, as well as the cost of covering
options written by a Separate Account or an Underlying Fund, can reduce or eliminate position profits or
create losses as well. The ability of a Separate Account or an Underlying Fund to close out its position as
a purchaser of an exchange listed option is dependent upon the existence of a liquid secondary market
on options exchanges. We, the Underlying Funds, and the Sub-Advisers may also utilize options,
particularly in foreign markets with limited liquidity.
The seller ("writer") of a call option that is covered assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the
underlying security or other instrument below the purchase price of the underlying instrument, less the
amount of premium received by the seller, and forgoes the opportunity for gain on the underlying
instrument above the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing
their entire investment (the premium paid) if the option expires out of the money. If the buyer of a call
option sells short the underlying security or other instrument, a loss on the call option itself may be offset,
in whole or in part, by any gain on the short sale of the underlying position.
The seller ("writer") of a put option that is covered assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of
the underlying security or other instrument above the sales price (in establishing the short position) of
the underlying instrument, plus the premium received by the seller, and forgoes the opportunity for gain
on the underlying instrument below the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a put option assumes
the risk of losing the entire investment (the premium paid) if the underlying asset declines. If the buyer of
a put option holds a long position in the underlying security or other instrument, a loss on the put option
itself may be offset, in whole or in part, by any gain on the underlying position.
Derivatives. The derivatives markets are frequently characterized by limited liquidity, making it difficult
and costly to close out open positions to either realize gains or limit losses. Additionally, many derivatives
are valued based on dealers' pricing of these instruments. However, the price at which dealers value a
particular derivative and the price the same dealers would actually be willing to pay for such a derivative,
should a Separate Account or an Underlying Fund be required to sell such a position, may differ. Such
differences may have a materially adverse effect on a Separate Account or an Underlying Fund if it is
necessary to sell derivative instruments to raise funds for margin purposes or to pay withdrawals. The
pricing relationships between derivatives and the underlying instruments on which they are based may
not conform to anticipated or historical patterns, resulting in unanticipated losses.
The stability and liquidity of forwards, swaps, repurchase agreements, and other over-the-counter
derivative transactions largely depend on the creditworthiness of the parties to the transaction. If there
is a default by the counterparty to a transaction, a Separate Account or an Underlying Fund may have
contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction; however, exercising such
contractual rights may involve delays or costs or may not be successful, which could adversely affect the
Separate Account or Underlying Fund. It is possible that in the event of a counterparty credit default, a
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
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Separate Account or an Underlying Fund may not be able to recover all or a portion of its investment in
such derivative instrument and may be exposed to additional liability (i.e., the obligations associated with
what has become an unhedged position).
interruption
from computer viruses, network
Cybersecurity. The computer systems, networks, and devices we use, and those used by service providers
to our clients and us to carry out routine business operations, employ a variety of protections designed to
prevent damage or
failures, computer and
telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons, and security breaches. Despite various
protections, systems, networks, or devices can be breached. A client could be negatively affected by a
cybersecurity breach. Cybersecurity breaches can include unauthorized access to systems, networks, or
devices; infection by computer viruses or other malicious software; and attacks that shut down, disable,
slow, or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes, or website access or functionality.
Cybersecurity breaches may cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in
financial losses to a client; impediments to trading; the inability by us and other service providers to
transact business; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines, penalties, reputational
damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs; as well as the
inadvertent release of confidential information. Similar adverse consequences could result from
cybersecurity breaches affecting issuers of securities in which a client invests; governmental and other
regulatory authorities; exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, and other
financial institutions; and other parties. In addition, these entities may incur substantial costs to prevent
future cybersecurity breaches.
Disease and Epidemics. Pandemics and other widespread public health emergencies, including outbreaks
of infectious diseases such as SARS, H1N1/09 flu, avian flu, Ebola, and the coronavirus, have disrupted and
may continue to disrupt markets. In the future, such emergencies may materially and adversely impact
economic production and activity in ways impossible to predict, potentially resulting in significant losses
to clients. The extent to which a disease or epidemic impacts business activity or investment results will
depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. Such an impact may
include significant reductions in revenue and growth, unexpected operational losses and liabilities,
impairments to credit quality, and reduced capital availability. The firm's operations could be significantly
impacted, or even temporarily or permanently halted, due to government quarantine measures,
restrictions on travel and movement, remote-working requirements, and other factors related to a public
health emergency, including their potential adverse impact on personnel's health. These measures may
also hinder the ability to conduct affairs and activities as we normally would, including impairing usual
communication channels and methods, hampering the performance of administrative functions such as
processing payments and invoices, and diminishing the ability to make accurate and timely projections of
financial performance.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. Recent technological advances in artificial intelligence and
machine learning (collectively, “AI Technologies”), along with their rapid growth and widespread use, may
pose risks to RiskBridge and the Underlying Funds and Sub-Advisers used in Client portfolios. AI
Technologies have the potential to result in significant and disruptive changes across companies, sectors,
or industries, including those in which the Funds invest, and any such changes could render RiskBridge’s
risk models, manager research, and underwriting obsolete or create new and unpredictable operational,
legal, and/or regulatory risks. To the extent that competitors of RiskBridge make more efficient or broader
use of AI Technologies, they may gain a competitive advantage. Many jurisdictions have passed or are
considering laws and regulations concerning AI Technologies, which could adversely affect RiskBridge and
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
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our operations. Additionally, RiskBridge could be further exposed to risks associated with AI Technologies
if third-party service providers or any counterparties, whether or not known to RiskBridge, use AI
Technologies in their business activities. RiskBridge will not be able to control the use of AI Technologies
in third-party products or services, including those provided by RiskBridge and its affiliates’ service
providers. Additionally, RiskBridge and its personnel may use approved AI Technologies to process
research and create content for human review and validation. Still, RiskBridge personnel are prohibited
from using AI Technologies to direct investment behaviors and outcomes, and any such use must be under
human supervision. RiskBridge personnel who use AI Technologies to produce work product are
responsible for checking the accuracy of the AI’s outputs before finalizing such work product and are
responsible for any errors generated by AI Technologies that they include in their work product.
Nevertheless, AI Technologies are highly reliant on the accuracy, completeness, and objectivity of their
underlying data, and any inaccuracies, deficiencies, or biases in this data could lead to errors that affect
RiskBridge’s decision-making and investment processes. AI Technologies and their applications, including
those in the financial sector, continue to develop rapidly, and it is impossible to predict the future risks
that may arise from these developments. Any of the foregoing factors could have a material and adverse
effect on RiskBridge.
Item 9. Disciplinary Information
RiskBridge has no legal or disciplinary events to report. Likewise, no person involved in the management
of RiskBridge has been subject to such action.
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Material Financial Industry Affiliations of the Firm
One of RiskBridge's investment adviser representatives ("IAR") owns and operates a separate insurance
agency, Finley Davis Financial Group, Inc. ("FDFG"). FDFG is not owned or controlled by RiskBridge
Advisors, LLC, and RiskBridge shares no common ownership with FDFG. FDFG places insurance products
through Integrity Alliance, LLC ("Integrity"), a licensed insurance broker/dealer, and a wholly owned
subsidiary of Integrity, LLC. Integrity supervises FDFG's insurance activities. RiskBridge does not receive
any compensation, commissions, or other revenue from FDFG, Integrity, or in connection with any
insurance activity.
FDFG holds an ownership interest in RiskBridge Private Wealth, LLC (“RPW”), a private wealth
management division controlled and operated by RiskBridge Advisors, LLC, in which FDFG has a financial
interest. As a result of this ownership relationship and the referral arrangement described below, a
conflict of interest exists that clients should understand.
Clients of RPW may be referred to FDFG for insurance-related products and services, and FDFG may refer
its insurance clients to RPW for investment advisory services. This reciprocal referral arrangement means
that the IAR who owns FDFG has a financial incentive to recommend FDFG's insurance products or services
to RPW advisory clients, and FDFG has an incentive to direct its clients to RPW. Clients are not obligated
to use FDFG for any insurance services, and doing so is entirely voluntary. Neither RiskBridge nor RPW
receives any portion of insurance commissions or other compensation earned by FDFG in connection with
any such referral.
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
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RiskBridge addresses this conflict by requiring that any referral by RPW to FDFG be made only when the
referring party reasonably believes the referral is in the client's best interest, and by providing clients with
full disclosure of this arrangement as part of any such referral. Clients who have questions about this
relationship are encouraged to contact RiskBridge directly.
Conflicts of Interest
RiskBridge engages in a broad range of activities, including investment activities for the accounts of
RiskBridge clients. In the ordinary course of its activities, the interests of a RiskBridge client may conflict
with those of RiskBridge, its affiliates, or other RiskBridge clients. Certain of these conflicts of interest,
along with RiskBridge's approaches to addressing them, are outlined below. The discussion below does
not describe all disputes that may arise. Other conflicts may be disclosed throughout this brochure,
including, without limitation, in Item 11, and this brochure should be read in its entirety for other conflicts.
Conflicts of Underlying Funds and Sub-Advisers. The underlying Funds and Sub-Advisers have interests and
relationships that may create conflicts of interest related to their management of Portfolios. Such conflicts
of interest may be similar to, different from, or supplemental to those described herein pertaining to
RiskBridge. For example, Underlying Funds or Sub-Advisers may have additional or different conflicts with
respect to trading and investment practices, including their selection of broker-dealers, aggregation of
orders for multiple clients, or netting of orders for the same client, as well as with respect to the
investment of client assets in companies in which they have an interest.
Insurance Carrier Referrals. RiskBridge IARs generally refer clients to unaffiliated third-party insurance
agencies or carriers to provide the most appropriate insurance product for their needs. RiskBridge is not
compensated for insurance products placed as a result of such referrals, is not a registered broker-dealer,
and is not a licensed insurance agent.
Certain IARs hold individual insurance licenses and may receive commissions or other compensation
directly from an insurance agency or carrier. This creates a conflict of interest, as such compensation could
affect the objectivity of investment advice. To manage this conflict, the IAR will disclose to RiskBridge the
estimated commission or other compensation expected before any insurance transaction with a
RiskBridge client. Clients are not obligated to purchase insurance products through any agency or carrier
recommended by an IAR, and similar products may be available at a lower cost elsewhere.
RiskBridge IARs who conduct insurance business do so through independent third-party firms, by which
they are supervised for that activity. Additional detail regarding each IAR's outside business activities and
associated conflicts is disclosed in the applicable Form ADV Part 2B brochure supplement.
Finley Davis Financial Group (FDFG). RiskBridge IARs T.J. Davis and Nichole Zahner are affiliated with FDFG,
an independent insurance agency supervised by Integrity. Mr. Davis owns FDFG; FDFG employs Ms.
Zahner. FDFG holds an ownership interest in RPW, a division controlled by RiskBridge. Clients of RPW may
be referred to FDFG for insurance services, and FDFG may refer clients to RPW. This reciprocal referral
arrangement and FDFG's ownership interest in RPW create a conflict of interest, as Mr. Davis has a
financial incentive to recommend FDFG's insurance products to advisory clients and RPW’s advisory
services to insurance clients. Neither RiskBridge nor RPW receives any commissions or revenue from FDFG
or Integrity. Clients are not obligated to use FDFG for any insurance services, and any referral will be made
only where reasonably believed to be in the client's best interest.
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
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Diverse Membership. The Advisory Board members may include persons with conflicts of interest
regarding their participation on the Advisory Board. Consequently, conflicts of interest may arise in
connection with decisions made by RiskBridge, including the selection of Sub-Advisers and Underlying
Funds.
Valuation - The valuation of investments in Separate Accounts presents several conflicts of interest
between and among clients and RiskBridge. As discussed in Item 8, RiskBridge may invest in or allocate
assets to Underlying Funds or Sub-Advisers that invest in assets that lack a readily ascertainable market
value. Such assets will generally be assigned a fair valuation determined by RiskBridge, the Underlying
Fund, or the Sub-Adviser. The valuation of such assets presents a conflict of interest for RiskBridge and
for an Underlying Fund or Sub-Adviser insofar as such valuation affects the performance results of
RiskBridge or the underlying manager, the calculation of any asset-based performance-based fees on such
assets, and the price at which investors purchase or redeem interests.
Resolution of Conflicts. In the case of all conflicts of interest, RiskBridge will determine which factors are
relevant, and the resolution of such conflicts will be made using RiskBridge's best judgment at its sole
discretion. In resolving conflicts, RiskBridge may consider various factors, including the interests of the
applicable RiskBridge clients concerning the immediate issue and/or their longer-term courses of dealing.
Certain procedures for resolving specific conflicts of interest are set forth below. When conflicts arise, the
following factors may mitigate, but will not eliminate, conflicts of interest:
1. Its fiduciary duty will guide RiskBridge on any issue involving actual conflicts of interest.
2. RiskBridge will not recommend that a client invest unless it believes that such an investment is
appropriate, considered solely from the viewpoint of the applicable RiskBridge client.
3. Conflicts of interest will be resolved by set procedures contained in RiskBridge's compliance
policies.
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading
Code of Ethics
RiskBridge has adopted a written Code of Ethics (the "Code") that applies to all supervised persons (as
defined therein). The Code, which is designed to comply with Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act,
establishes guidelines for professional conduct and personal trading procedures.
The Code states that it is improper for supervised persons and their families to use, for their benefit (or
the benefit of anyone other than a RiskBridge client), information about RiskBridge's trading or investment
recommendations, or to take advantage of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available
to a RiskBridge client. The Code requires all supervised persons to comply with applicable U.S. federal
securities laws at all times.
The Code outlines written policies regarding personal trading in any brokerage or trading account in which
supervised persons, or their immediate family, have direct or indirect control or beneficial ownership.
Under the Code, access persons must disclose all personal account holdings to RiskBridge upon
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
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employment and provide periodic reports to RiskBridge. The Code helps RiskBridge detect and prevent
potential conflicts of interest.
Supervised persons who violate the Code may be subject to remedial actions, including, but not limited
to, profit disgorgement, fines, censure, demotion, suspension, or dismissal. Supervised persons are also
required to promptly report any violation of the Code of which they become aware and to certify
compliance with the Code annually.
A copy of the Code is available to any RiskBridge client or prospective RiskBridge client upon request to
Bill Kennedy, CEO, Chief Investment Officer, at (203) 658-6055 or in writing to RiskBridge Advisors, LLC at
401 Merritt 7, PH, Norwalk, CT 06851.
Interested Transactions
Principal Transactions. Section 206 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the "Advisers
Act"), regulates principal transactions among an investment adviser and its affiliates, on the one hand,
and its clients. If an adviser (or an affiliate) purchases a security from, or sells a security to, a client, the
adviser must disclose the terms of the transaction to the client and obtain the client's consent before
engaging in the principal transaction. In connection with RiskBridge's management of client assets,
RiskBridge may occasionally engage in principal transactions and transactions with affiliates. Such
transactions present conflicts of interest for RiskBridge and its affiliates. RiskBridge has established certain
policies and procedures to address such conflicts of interest and comply with the Advisers Act
requirements relating to principal transactions and transactions with affiliates.
Conflicts Related to Purchases and Sales. RiskBridge, its affiliates, and supervised persons may own, buy,
or sell securities or other instruments that RiskBridge has bought, sold, or recommended to RiskBridge
clients. Such transactions are subject to the policies and procedures set forth in the Code. The investment
policies, fee arrangements, and other circumstances of these investments may vary among RiskBridge
clients and RiskBridge, its affiliates, and supervised persons.
RiskBridge receives management or other fees in connection with its management of Separate Accounts,
which creates a conflict of interest when a Separate Account is involved in an interested transaction. To
address these conflicts of interest, RiskBridge's Chief Executive Officer will be responsible for confirming
that RiskBridge (i) considers its duties to each client, (ii) determines whether the purchase or sale and
price or other terms are comparable to what could be obtained through an arm's length transaction with
a third party, and (iii) obtains any required approvals of the transaction's terms and conditions. RiskBridge
will not directly or indirectly receive any commission or other transaction-based compensation for
effecting any such transaction, and RiskBridge will not effect any such transaction for any client where
RiskBridge may be deemed to own more than 25% of the RiskBridge client unless such transaction complies
with the requirements of RiskBridge's principal transactions policy, as described above.
A particular investment may be bought or sold for only one RiskBridge client or in different amounts and
at different times for one (or more than one) RiskBridge client, even though it could have been bought or
sold for other RiskBridge clients at the same time. Likewise, a particular investment may be purchased for
one or more RiskBridge clients when one or more other RiskBridge clients are selling it.
RiskBridge, a manager of an Underlying Fund or a Sub-Adviser could disadvantage a RiskBridge client
because of activities conducted by them for other of their respective clients as a result of, among other
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
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things: legal restrictions on the combined size of positions which may be taken for all accounts managed
by RiskBridge, the manager of such Underlying Fund or such Sub-Adviser, thereby limiting the size of a
portfolio's position; and the difficulty of liquidating an investment for more than one Account where the
market cannot absorb the sale of the combined positions.
Allocation of Investment Opportunities. RiskBridge will, from time to time, encounter situations in which
it must determine how to allocate investment opportunities among its clients. RiskBridge has little
influence over how the manager of an Underlying Fund, or a Sub-Adviser, allocates investment
opportunities, but expects them to allocate opportunities fairly and equitably.
RiskBridge endeavors to treat clients fairly and equitably in allocating investment opportunities and
executing transactions. RiskBridge has adopted written policies and procedures relating to the allocation
of investment opportunities and will make allocation determinations consistently therewith.
RiskBridge will first determine which clients will participate in an investment opportunity. RiskBridge will
assess whether an investment opportunity is appropriate for a particular client based on the client's
investment objectives, strategies, and structure. A client's investment objectives, design, and structure
are typically reflected in the client's organizational documents, investment management agreement, or
investment guidelines, as applicable. Prior to allocating a client to an investment opportunity, RiskBridge
will determine any additional factors that may restrict or limit the client's access to that opportunity.
Possible restrictions include, but are not limited to:
• Obligation to Offer: RiskBridge may be required to offer an investment opportunity to one or
more clients. This obligation to provide investment opportunities may be outlined in a client's
organizational documents, investment management agreement, or a side letter.
• Related Investments: RiskBridge may offer an investment opportunity related to an investment
previously made by a RiskBridge client to such client to the exclusion of, or resulting in a limited
offering to, other clients.
•
Legal and Regulatory Exclusions: RiskBridge may determine that certain clients should be
excluded from an allocation due to specific legal, regulatory, and contractual restrictions placed
on the participation of such persons in certain types of investment opportunities.
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
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Once the clients participating in a particular investment have been identified, RiskBridge, at its discretion,
will decide how to allocate the investment opportunity among them. In allocating such an investment
opportunity, RiskBridge may consider a wide range of factors, which may include, but are not necessarily
limited to, the following:
•
Each client's investment objectives and investment focus;
•
Transaction sourcing;
•
Each client's liquidity and reserves;
•
Each client's diversification;
•
Lender covenants and similar limitations;
• Amount of capital available for investment by each client, as well as each client's projected
future capacity for investment;
• Composition of each client's portfolio;
•
The availability of other suitable investments for each client;
•
Risk considerations;
•
Cash flow considerations;
• Asset class restrictions;
•
Industry and other allocation targets;
• Minimum and maximum investment size requirements;
•
Tax implications;
•
Legal, contractual, or regulatory constraints; and
• Any other relevant limitations imposed by each client's applicable IMA.
RiskBridge will seek to allocate investment opportunities among clients fairly and equitably and will not
favor or disfavor any client relative to any other client. Further, RiskBridge will not allocate investment
opportunities based, in whole or in part, on (i) the relative fee structure or amount of fees paid to
RiskBridge by any client or (ii) the profitability to RiskBridge of any client.
RiskBridge will determine, in good faith, the appropriate allocation between clients of expenses and fees
incurred when evaluating and making investments that are not consummated, such as out-of-pocket fees
for due diligence, attorney fees, and fees of other professionals.
In exercising discretion in allocating investment opportunities, fees, and expenses, RiskBridge may face
various conflicts of interest. For example, an investment adviser allocating an investment opportunity
among clients with differing fee, cost, and compensation structures has the incentive to allocate it to
clients from whom it derives, directly or indirectly, a higher fee, compensation, or other benefits.
In addition, affiliates of RiskBridge, including principal executive officers, Advisory Board members, and
other personnel of RiskBridge, may invest with RiskBridge and participate in investments selected by
RiskBridge. These varying circumstances may present conflicts of interest in determining what, if any,
specific investment opportunities to offer.
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
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Item 12. Brokerage Practices
Selection of Brokers
While RiskBridge may provide advice with respect to a wide variety of securities, we generally allocate
Separate Account assets to Underlying Funds and Sub-Advisers. Interests in Underlying Funds are traded
directly with the issuer and not placed through a broker-dealer. We also enter into sub-advisory
relationships with Sub-Advisers. We expect that the managers of the Underlying Funds and the Sub-
Advisers will direct brokerage business based on the best available execution and in consideration of such
brokers' provision of brokerage, research, and related services. However, we do not participate in those
decisions, and no absolute assurances can be made in that respect.
We may recommend that a Separate Account client use a certain custodian or broker, including Charles
Schwab & Co., Inc. ("Schwab"); however, the client will decide whether to do so and will open the Account
directly with the custodian or broker. Schwab provides us with access to their institutional brokerage
services (trading, custody, reporting, and related services). Schwab has also agreed to pay for certain
technology, research, marketing, and compliance consulting products and services on our behalf once the
value of our clients' assets in Schwab accounts reaches certain thresholds. The fact that we receive these
benefits from Schwab is an incentive for us to recommend Schwab rather than making the decision based
solely on a client's interest in receiving the best value in custody services and the most favorable execution
of transactions. This is a conflict of interest. We believe, however, that recommending Schwab as a
custodian and broker is in our clients' best interests. Our selection is primarily based on the scope, quality,
and price of Schwab's services, not on those that benefit only us.
RiskBridge clients are generally not permitted to direct the Firm to use a particular broker to execute
transactions in their Separate Accounts. In the case of directed brokerage, the client may pay higher
transaction fees and costs, or receive less favorable trade execution, than would be the case if the client
had not directed trading to a designated broker.
With respect to any direct trading activity conducted by RiskBridge (for example, when RiskBridge directly
invests the assets of a Separate Account in individual publicly traded securities), we will seek "best
execution" for the transaction. In determining whether a particular broker or dealer is likely to provide
best execution for a specific transaction, we take into account several factors we deem relevant to the
broker's or dealer's execution capability, for example, price, the size of the transaction, the nature of the
market for the security, the amount of the commission, the timing of the transaction, market trends, the
reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker or dealer, and the quality of service rendered
by the broker or dealer in other transactions.
RiskBridge has no affiliations with any broker/dealer.
Soft Dollars
RiskBridge has no "soft dollar" or other direct or indirect compensation arrangements with any
broker/dealer transacting on its behalf.
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
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Aggregation of Orders
When we deem the purchase or sale of securities to be in the best interest of more than one Separate
Account, we may aggregate the securities to be purchased or sold by all such Separate Accounts to obtain
superior execution or lower brokerage expenses. In particular, execution prices for identical securities
bought or sold on behalf of multiple Separate Accounts in any one business day may be averaged. In such
events, the allocation of the securities purchased or sold, as well as expenses incurred in the transaction,
will be made among the Separate Accounts by applying such considerations as we deem appropriate,
including:
relative account size of such entities and clients,
amount of available capital,
size of existing positions in the same or similar securities,
impact of leverage,
investment objective and
strategy considerations, including, without limitation,
○ concentration parameters,
○
tax considerations and
○ other factors.
Although such allocations may be pro rata among Separate Accounts, they need not be. No Separate
Account will be entitled to investment priority over another Separate Account and may not necessarily
participate in every investment opportunity. We endeavor to make all investment allocations in a manner
that we consider the most equitable to all Separate Accounts.
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
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Trade Errors
The Firm has policies and procedures to identify and correct errors that may occur while providing services
to our clients, consistent with the standard of care outlined in our client agreements or in our offering
documents, as applicable. Generally, our policies do not require the perfect execution of complex
processes for investment decision-making, portfolio construction, trading, transaction processing, and
other functions that the Firm carries out on behalf of its clients. Unintended events occur, some of which
cause losses in our clients’ portfolios; however, not all unintended events are errors. We determine errors
on a case-by-case basis, in accordance with our policies and procedures, and at our discretion.
When evaluating an event, we consider various factors when determining an error. We attempt to resolve
similar situations consistently, subject to evolving industry practice, and our view of whether we have met
our standard of care may change over time.
Investment decisions involve analysis and judgment, and the consequences of such choices in retrospect
are not typically considered errors. Similarly, unintended events arising from following an established
investment implementation process generally are not considered errors, as they do not violate a client’s
investment guidelines. Furthermore, mistakes by third parties are usually not regarded as Firm errors,
regardless of whether we seek compensation from a third party on behalf of a client or a client’s account.
When moving capital, discretionary mandates may temporarily move portfolios above or below ranges,
thresholds, or targets set out in investment guidelines. Exposure mismatch can occur for various reasons,
including the timing of reporting used by third-party managers to implement changes, and such
occurrences are also not typically considered errors.
If we determine that an error has occurred in a client’s account for which reimbursement is appropriate,
we will typically compensate the client for the loss as determined solely in our discretion. Unless
prohibited by applicable regulation or a specific agreement with the client, we net the client’s gains and
losses from error (or a series of related errors with the same root cause) and compensate the client for
the net loss, if any. Compensation is generally limited to direct and actual out-of-pocket monetary losses.
It does not include amounts that, in our judgment, are speculative, including any lost opportunity costs or
other consequential or indirect losses. We notify clients as soon as practicable of any errors, including the
details of the causal event; however, we generally do not notify clients of events we have determined not
to constitute errors or of errors that have not caused financial loss.
Item 13. Review of Accounts
The CIO regularly reviews RiskBridge client accounts to assess investment strategy and the suitability of
the investments used to meet the accounts' investment objectives. Reporting may vary by client, and
clients should confirm which reports they will receive. Separate Accounts generally receive monthly
statements directly from the custodian and quarterly reports from RiskBridge.
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
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Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation
We receive an economic benefit from Schwab in the form of the support products and services it makes
available to us. In addition, Schwab has agreed to pay for certain products and services we would
otherwise have to pay for once the value of our clients' assets in Schwab's accounts reaches a specified
threshold. Clients do not pay more for assets maintained at Schwab as a result of these arrangements.
However, we benefit from the arrangement because the cost of these services would otherwise be borne
directly by us. Clients should consider these conflicts of interest when selecting a custodian. Please see
Item 12, "Brokerage Practices - Selection of Brokers", for more information.
RiskBridge may receive referrals or introductions to potential clients. We expect to compensate third
parties for client referrals. All such compensation will be fully disclosed to each client, consistent with
applicable law. The client will incur no additional costs or expenses as a result of such compensation
arrangements.
Compensation policies are structured to mitigate conflicts of interest and to comply with applicable
securities laws, regulations, and guidance applicable to client portfolios subject to ERISA.
Item 15. Custody
RiskBridge does not act as a custodian for RiskBridge client assets.
RiskBridge does not have physical custody of the client assets in the Separate Account. We will
recommend an independent, qualified custodian to the Separate Account client whose services and fees
will be separate from RiskBridge's investment management fees. Separate Account clients are responsible
for opening custodial accounts directly with the independent, qualified custodian. Separate Account
clients should receive the required periodic reports or statements from their qualified custodians,
carefully review them, and compare the records from the qualified custodians with any reports or
statements we provide. The information in our reports may vary from a qualified custodian's reports or
statements based on account procedures, reporting dates, or valuation methodologies of certain
securities.
Item 16. Investment Discretion
RiskBridge provides services on both a non-discretionary and discretionary basis. In a non-discretionary
relationship, the firm leads the investment decision-making process, with the client as the final decision-
maker; in a discretionary relationship, the firm makes the investment decisions. For both types of
relationships, the firm coordinates the construction of investment portfolios, conducts initial and ongoing
investment and operational due diligence, and generally receives statements and other communications
directly from investment managers.
RiskBridge provides investment advice directly to the Separate Account pursuant to a written, non-
discretionary or discretionary agreement that sets forth any investment restrictions, limitations, or
guidelines for the Separate Account's investments or our investment authority.
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
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Item 17. Voting Client Securities
We generally arrange for the managers of the Underlying Funds and the Sub-Advisers to have the
authority to vote proxies for securities under their management. The Underlying Funds and the Sub-
Advisers are responsible for retaining all required books and records associated with the proxy voting they
conduct.
RiskBridge will vote proxies that the Underlying Funds or the Sub-Advisers do not vote upon a client's
request. RiskBridge will review each proxy independently and conduct and document any necessary
research to inform its decision on how to vote. In addition, RiskBridge will be responsible for resolving any
conflicts of interest regarding proxy votes. If a conflict arises, the proxy will be sent to the client to vote.
We will provide information regarding how proxies were voted and a copy of our voting policy and
procedures upon request. Please submit any such requests to (203) 658-6055 or in writing to RiskBridge
Advisors, LLC at 401 Merritt 7, PH, Norwalk, CT 06851.
Item 18. Financial Information
We do not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees from any RiskBridge clients more
than 6 months in advance and, therefore, are not required to include a balance sheet for our most recent
fiscal year.
RiskBridge exercises discretionary authority over certain client funds or securities. However, RiskBridge
does not anticipate any financial condition that may be reasonably likely to impair its ability to meet
contractual commitments to clients at this time.
Form ADV Part 2A - RiskBridge Advisors, LLC
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