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Item 1: Cover Page
Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure
March 2025
1028 S. Bridgeway Place, Suite 200
Eagle, ID 83616
www.investrw.com
Firm Contact:
Melissa Jenkins
Chief Compliance Officer
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of RW Investment
Management LLC dba RW Investment Management. If you have any questions about the contents of this
brochure, please contact us by telephone at 208-333-1433. The information in this brochure has not been
approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any State Securities
Authority. Additional information about RW Investment Management also is available on the SEC’s
website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Please note that the use of the term “registered investment adviser” and description of RW Investment
Management and/or our associates as “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training. You
are encouraged to review this Brochure and Brochure Supplements for our firm’s associates who advise
you for more information on the qualifications of our firm and our employees.
Item 2: Material Changes to Our Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure
RW Investment Management is required to advise you of any material changes to the Firm Brochure
(“Brochure”) from our last annual update.
Since our last annual amendment filed on 03/04/2024, we do not have any material change(s) to disclose.
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RW Investment Management
Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 1: Cover Page ............................................................................................................................................................. 1
Item 2: Material Changes to Our Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure ................................................................ 2
Item 3: Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................. 3
Item 4: Advisory Business ................................................................................................................................................ 4
Item 5: Fees & Compensation ......................................................................................................................................... 5
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management .............................................................................. 7
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements ..................................................................................................... 7
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss ........................................................................ 7
Item 9: Disciplinary Information ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations ........................................................................................ 9
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions & Personal Trading ........................... 9
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans ....................................................................................................... 14
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation .................................................................................................... 14
Item 15: Custody ............................................................................................................................................................. 15
Item 16: Investment Discretion .................................................................................................................................... 16
Item 17: Voting Client Securities ................................................................................................................................. 16
Item 18: Financial Information...................................................................................................................................... 16
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Item 4: Advisory Business
We are dedicated to providing individuals and other types of clients with a wide array of investment advisory
services. Our firm is a limited liability company formed in the State of Idaho. Our firm has been in business
as an investment adviser since 2014 and is owned by Ryan Warwick, Raleigh Vachek, Kimberly Jaques,
Melissa Jenkins, Michael Fitzgerald, and Bryan Rund.
Types of Advisory Services We Offer
Comprehensive Portfolio Management:
Our Comprehensive Portfolio Management service encompasses asset management and financial planning
services. This service is designed to assist clients in meeting their financial goals through the use of financial
investments. Our firm conducts client meetings to understand their current financial situation, existing
resources, financial goals, and tolerance for risk. Based on what is learned, an investment approach is
presented to the client that may consist of exchange traded funds (“ETFs”), mutual funds, individual stocks
or bonds, or other securities. Upon the client’s agreement to the proposed investment plan, we work with
the client to establish or transfer investment accounts so that we can manage the client’s portfolio. Accounts
are reviewed on an annual basis. We may periodically rebalance or adjust client accounts under our
management. If the client experiences any significant changes to his/her financial or personal circumstances,
the client must notify us so that we can consider such information in managing the client’s investments.
Financial Planning:
Our firm provides a variety of standalone financial planning services to clients for the management of
financial resources based upon an analysis of current situation, goals, and objectives. Financial planning
services will typically involve preparing a financial plan for clients based on the client’s financial goals and
objectives. This planning may encompass Investment Planning, Retirement Planning, Estate Planning, Family
and Business Succession Planning, Charitable Planning, Education Planning, Mortgage/Debt Analysis,
Insurance Analysis, or Business and Personal Financial Planning. Written financial plans rendered to clients
usually include general recommendations for a course of activity or specific actions to be taken by the
clients. Implementation of the recommendations will be at the discretion of the client. Our firm provides
clients with a summary of their financial situation, and observations for financial planning engagements.
Assuming that all the information and documents requested from the client are provided promptly, plans
are typically completed within 6 months of the client signing a contract with our firm.
Pension Consulting:
We provide pension consulting services to employer plan sponsors on a one-time or ongoing basis.
Generally, such pension consulting services consist of assisting employer plan sponsors in establishing,
monitoring, and reviewing their company's retirement plan. As the needs of the plan sponsor dictate, areas
of advising could include: investment selection and monitoring, plan design, fiduciary education, participant
education, and plan benchmarking. All pension consulting services shall be in compliance with the applicable
state law(s) regulating pension consulting services. This applies to client accounts that are pension or other
employee benefit plans (“Plan”) governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as
amended (“ERISA”). If the client accounts are part of a Plan, and we accept appointments to provide our
services to such accounts, we acknowledge that we may be a fiduciary within the meaning of Section 3(21)
or 3(38) of ERISA (but only with respect to the provision of services described in section 1 of the Pension
Consulting Agreement).
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Tailoring of Advisory Services
We offer individualized investment advice to our Comprehensive Portfolio Management and Pension
Consulting clients. Additionally, we offer general investment advice to clients who are utilizing our Financial
Planning services. Each client has the opportunity to place reasonable restrictions on the types of investments
to be held in the portfolio. Restrictions on investments in certain securities or types of securities may not be
possible due to the level of difficulty this would entail in managing the account. Restrictions would be limited
to our Comprehensive Portfolio Management and Pension Consulting services.
Participation in Wrap Fee Programs
Our firm does not offer or sponsor a wrap fee program.
Regulatory Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2024, our firm managed $1,451,782,632 on a discretionary basis and $18,877,587 on
a non-discretionary basis for a total of $1,470,660,219.
Item 5: Fees & Compensation
How We Are Compensated for Our Advisory Services
Comprehensive Portfolio Management:
Our firm’s standard fee schedule for our Comprehensive Portfolio Management service is as follows:
Annual Percentage of Assets Charge
Assets Under Management
(Based on Household Value)
$0 to $999,999.99
$1,000,000 to $2,499,999.99
$2,500,000 to $4,999,999.99
$5,000,000 to $9,999,999.99
$10,000,000 to $24,999,999.99
Over $25,000,000
1.125%
0.875%
0.750%
0.625%
0.500%
Negotiable
Our firm’s maximum annual advisory fee charged for this service will not exceed 1.125%. Certain custodians
may limit the number of decimal places that may be entered to calculate fees. In these scenarios, our firm
will round down to achieve the closest possible fee calculation as detailed in the signed Comprehensive
Portfolio Management agreement. Our firm’s advisory fees are generally not negotiable. However, certain
clients such as employees and their family members, friends, and legacy clients may be charged a reduced
advisory fee at our firm’s discretion.
For accounts custodied at Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. or RBC Wealth Management, our firm’s advisory fees
are billed on a pro-rata annualized basis quarterly in advance based on the aggregate value of your accounts
on the last day of the previous quarter.
For accounts custodied at Betterment, our firm’s advisory fees are billed on a pro-rata annualized basis
quarterly in arrears based on the aggregate value of your accounts two days prior to the current quarter
calendar end. At Betterment, the quarter begins one day before the end of the prior quarter and ends two
days prior to the end of the current quarter. Betterment will charge an advisory fee of up to 0.20% for
clients’ accounts custodied on their platform. Betterment’s advisory fee is in addition to our firm’s advisory
fee and will be detailed in the client’s signed advisory agreement.
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Fees will be deducted from your managed account. In rare cases, we will agree to direct bill clients.
Adjustments are made for deposits and withdrawals made during the quarter that exceed $25,000 and
impact billing by $25 or more. Our firm bills on cash unless indicated otherwise in writing. As part of our
firm’s billing practices, you understand and acknowledge the following:
a) Your independent custodian sends statements to you showing the market values for each security
included in the assets and all disbursements in your account including the amount of the advisory
fees paid to us.
b) You provide authorization permitting us to be directly paid by these terms. We send our invoice
c)
directly to the custodian.
It is the client’s responsibility to verify the calculation of advisory fees deducted from your account.
Financial Planning:
Our firm charges a recurring or one-time flat fee for financial planning services. The total estimated fee, as
well as the ultimate fee charged, is based on the scope and complexity of our engagement with the client.
The maximum annual flat fee to be charged will not exceed $250,000. The fee-paying arrangements for this
service will be determined on a case-by-case basis and will be detailed in the signed consulting agreement.
Our firm will not require a retainer exceeding $1,200 when services cannot be rendered within 6 months.
Pension Consulting:
Our pension consulting services may be billed on an hourly fee, flat fee or a fee based on the percentage of
Plan assets under management. The total estimated fee, as well as the ultimate fee that we charge you, is
based on the scope and complexity of our engagement with you. Our hourly fee is $250. Flat fees range
from $500 to $25,000. Fees based on a percentage of managed Plan assets will not exceed 1.125%. The
fee-paying arrangements for Pension Consulting service will be determined on a case-by-case basis and will
be detailed in the signed Pension Consulting Agreement. Fees may be paid from plan assets or clients can
elect to be invoiced directly for the fees.
Other Types of Fees & Expenses
Clients will incur transaction fees for trades executed by their chosen custodian via individual transaction
charges. These transaction fees are separate from our firm’s advisory fees and will be disclosed by the
chosen custodian. Schwab, RBC, and Betterment do not charge transaction fees for U.S. listed equities and
exchange traded funds. Clients may also pay holdings charges imposed by the chosen custodian for certain
investments, charges imposed directly by a mutual fund, index fund, or exchange traded fund, which shall
be disclosed in the fund’s prospectus (i.e., fund management fees and other fund expenses), initial or
deferred sales charges, mutual fund sales loads, 12b-1 fees, surrender charges, variable annuity fees, IRA
and qualified retirement plan fees, mark-ups and mark-downs, spreads paid to market makers, fees for trades
executed away from custodian, wire transfer fees and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and
securities transactions. Our firm does not receive a portion of these fees.
Termination & Refunds
Either party to a Comprehensive Portfolio Management agreement may terminate the agreement at any
time by providing written notice to the other party. Upon notice of termination, we will delink your account
from our firm’s management and process a pro-rata refund of any unearned advisory fees charged in
advance.
Financial Planning clients may terminate their agreement at any time before the delivery of a financial plan
by providing written notice. For the purpose of calculating refunds, all work performed by us up to the point
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RW Investment Management
of termination shall be calculated at the hourly fee currently in effect. Clients will receive a pro-rata refund
of any unearned fees based on the time and effort expended by our firm.
Either party to a Pension Consulting Agreement may terminate at any time by providing written notice to
the other party. Full refunds will only be made in cases where cancellation occurs within 5 business days of
signing an agreement. After 5 business days from initial signing, either party must provide the other party
30 days written notice to terminate billing. Billing will terminate 30 days after receipt of termination notice.
Clients will be charged on a pro-rata basis, which takes into account work completed by our firm on behalf
of the client. Clients will incur charges for bona fide advisory services rendered up to the point of termination
(determined as 30 days from receipt of said written notice) and such fees will be due and payable.
Commissionable Securities Sales
Our firm and representatives do not sell securities for a commission in advisory accounts.
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management
Our firm does not charge performance-based fees.
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements
We have the following types of clients:
•
Individuals and High Net Worth Individuals;
• Trusts, Estates or Charitable Organizations;
• Pension and Profit Sharing Plans; and
• Corporations, Limited Liability Companies and/or Other Business Types
Our firm does not impose requirements for opening and maintaining accounts or otherwise engaging us.
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis
The investment strategies offered by RW Investment Management are designed and monitored by the
Company’s investment committee. The Company’s investment committee members include both advisory
and operational employees of the company. The committee meets on a regular basis and is responsible for
researching, designing, and implementing of the methods of analysis used in the Company’s methods of
analysis and model portfolios. Generally, the Company uses a long-term, evidenced-based approach to
investing based on Modern Portfolio Theory.
RW Investment Management utilizes a variety of data sources to conducts its market, economic, and
investment analysis. These sources may include market research and market commentary provided by
others, newspapers, books, industry subscriptions, calls with and research from mutual fund companies,
annual reports, and prospectuses. It is important for clients to always keep in mind there is no specific
investment approach that guarantees success or positive returns. Investing in securities involves risk of loss.
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RW Investment Management
The Company and its investment adviser representatives are responsible for identifying and implementing
the methods and analysis used in creating investment recommendations to clients. The methods of analysis
may include quantitative methods for risk/return analysis, software-based modeling using historical and/or
projected economic and market data, and methods for optimizing client portfolios. Optimization involves
designing the appropriate asset mix given current capital market assumptions, the client’s situation, and the
client’s risk tolerance.
RW Investment Management also performs qualitative research and reviews research materials prepared
and published by others. The company uses third-party software and outside vendors as needed to assist in
research and formulating investment recommendations for clients.
Investment Strategies
RW Investment Management manages a collection of model portfolios that are recommended to clients as
appropriate, taking the client’s goals, risk tolerance, and personal situation into account. Each model
portfolio’s risk, return, and liquidity characteristics are largely determined by the asset classes included in
the portfolio. RW’s model portfolios primarily include a blend of passive and active mutual funds that invest
across a broad spectrum of equity and fixed income asset classes. From time to time, or in limited
circumstances, these portfolios may also include ETF’s, equities, money market, or fixed income securities.
They may also include investment in alternative asset classes. The company may recommend additional
asset class categories, such as large, mid, and small cap, as well as value, blend, and growth styles. Within
the models, RW Investment Management evaluates the investments on a basis of tax efficiency, trade
efficiency, cost, and consistent exposure to their asset class.
RW Investment Management routinely monitors the universe of investment funds and those held in their
models based on the above factors and characteristics as appropriate. The investment team will recommend
replacement of funds if a better alternative becomes available based on these factors, and these holdings
may be replaced at RW Investment Management’s discretion.
RW Investment uses a disciplined approach to rebalancing. The Company utilizes technology to monitor the
current allocation of a client’s portfolio to their target allocation within acceptable tolerance ranges
determined by the Company. When portfolios fall beyond these tolerance ranges, accounts are reviewed
for rebalancing. Client cash flows, tax consequences, and trading costs are all considered when reviewing
portfolios for rebalance and may affect trading decisions. When appropriate, RW Investment Management
will use tax loss harvesting strategies. While RW Investment Management monitors and considers tax
situations and tax consequences in all taxable trading circumstances, it may be determined that the
investment potential of risk reduction or return enhancement justifies current taxable gains for future
investment benefit.
Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. While the stock market
may increase and your account(s) could enjoy a gain, it is also possible that the stock market may decrease,
and your account(s) could suffer a loss. It is important that you understand the risks associated with investing
in the stock market, are appropriately diversified in your investments, and ask us any questions you may
have.
Description of Material, Significant or Unusual Risks
We generally invest client’s cash balances in money market funds, FDIC Insured Certificates of Deposit,
high-grade commercial paper and/or government backed debt instruments. Ultimately, we try to achieve
the highest return on our client’s cash balances through relatively low-risk conservative investments. In most
cases, at least a partial cash balance will be maintained in a money market account so that our firm may debit
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advisory fees for services related to Comprehensive Portfolio Management and Pension Consulting, as
applicable.
Margin Loans: Our firm may allow or recommend that you to pledge securities from your portfolio as
collateral for a loan by using margin in brokerage account. This allows you to own more stock than you
would be able to with your available cash. Margin accounts and transactions are risky and not necessarily
appropriate for every client. It should be noted that we include margin balances in our fee calculations, which
creates a financial incentive for us to recommend their use.
The potential risks associated with these transactions are (1) You can lose more funds than are deposited
into the margin account; (2) the forced sale of securities or other assets in your account; (3) the sale of
securities or other assets without contacting you; (4) you may not be entitled to choose which securities or
other assets in your account(s) are liquidated or sold to meet a margin call; and (5) custodians charge interest
on margin balances which will reduce your returns over time.
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
There are no legal or disciplinary events that are material to the evaluation of our advisory business or the
integrity of our management.
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations
Representatives of our firm are licensed insurance agents/brokers. They may offer products and receive
normal and customary commissions as a result of these transactions. A conflict of interest may arise as these
commissionable securities sales may create an incentive to recommend products based on the compensation
they may earn.
Ryan Warwick is currently invested in a company which belongs to a client of RW Investment Management.
Further, this company is also a client of RW Investment Management. As such, a conflict of interest may
arise based on Mr. Warwick personal involvement and incentive with the client’s company as a shareholder
and financial advisor. To mitigate this potential conflict, Mr. Warwick will act, at all times, in all RW client’s
best interests and will not engage in preferential treatment for this client or their company.
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in
Client Transactions & Personal Trading
We recognize that the personal investment transactions of members and employees of our firm demand the
application of a high Code of Ethics and require that all such transactions be carried out in a way that does not
endanger the interest of any client. At the same time, we believe that if investment goals are similar for clients
and for members and employees of our firm, it is logical and even desirable that there be common ownership of
some securities.
Therefore, in order to prevent conflicts of interest, we have in place a set of procedures (including a pre-clearing
procedure) with respect to transactions effected by our members, officers and employees for their personal
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accounts1. In order to monitor compliance with our personal trading policy, we have securities transaction
reporting system for all of our associates.
Furthermore, our firm has established a Code of Ethics which applies to all of our associated persons. An
investment adviser is considered a fiduciary. As a fiduciary, it is an investment adviser’s responsibility to provide
fair and full disclosure of all material facts and to act solely in the best interest of each of our clients at all times.
We have a fiduciary duty to all clients. Our fiduciary duty is considered the core underlying principle for our
Code of Ethics which also includes Insider Trading and Personal Securities Transactions Policies and Procedures.
We require all of our supervised persons to conduct business with the highest level of ethical standards and to
comply with all federal and state securities laws at all times. Upon employment or affiliation and at least annually
thereafter, all supervised persons will sign an acknowledgement that they have read, understand, and agree to
comply with our Code of Ethics. Our firm and supervised persons must conduct business in an honest, ethical,
and fair manner and avoid all circumstances that might negatively affect or appear to affect our duty of complete
loyalty to all clients. This disclosure is provided to give all clients a summary of our Code of Ethics. If a client or
a potential client wishes to review our Code of Ethics in its entirety, a copy will be provided promptly upon
request.
Neither our firm nor a related person recommends to clients, or buys or sells for client accounts, securities
in which our firm or a related person has a material financial interest.
Related persons of our firm may buy or sell securities and other investments that are also recommended to
clients. In order to minimize this conflict of interest, our related persons will place client interests ahead of
their own interests and adhere to our firm’s Code of Ethics, a copy of which is available upon request.
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
Selecting a Brokerage Firm
Our firm does not maintain custody of client assets (although we may be deemed to have custody of client
assets if we are given the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts (see Item 15 Custody, below).
Client assets must be maintained in an account at a “qualified custodian,” generally a broker-dealer or bank.
We recommend that our clients use Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”), MTG, LLC dba Betterment
Securities (“Betterment”), or RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“RBC”), FINRA-registered broker-dealers, members
SIPC, as the qualified custodians (hereafter referred together as “Custodians”). We are independently owned
and operated and not affiliated with Custodians. Custodians will hold client assets in a brokerage account
and buy and sell securities when we instruct them to. While we recommend that clients use Custodians as
custodian/broker, clients will decide whether to do so and open an account with Custodians by entering
into an account agreement directly with them. We do not open the account for the client, although our firm
or its representatives may assist in doing so. Even though the client account is maintained at Custodians, we
can still use other brokers to execute trades for the account, as outlined below.
How Brokers/Custodians Are Selected
We seek to recommend a custodian/broker who will hold client assets and execute transactions on terms
that are overall most advantageous when compared to other available providers and their services. We
consider a wide range of factors, including, among others, these:
1 For purposes of the policy, our associate’s personal account generally includes any account (a) in the name of our associate, his/her spouse,
his/her minor children or other dependents residing in the same household, (b) for which our associate is a trustee or executor, or (c) which our
associate controls, including our client accounts which our associate controls and/or a member of his/her household has a direct or indirect
beneficial interest in.
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• Combination of transaction execution services along with asset custody services (generally without
a separate fee for custody)
• Capability to execute, clear and settle trades (buy and sell securities for your account)
• Capabilities to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers, check
requests, bill payment, etc.)
• Breadth of investment products made available (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange traded
funds, etc.)
• Availability of investment research and tools that assist us in making investment decisions
• Quality of services
• Competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, margin interest rates, other fees,
etc.) and willingness to negotiate them
• Reputation, financial strength and stability of the provider
• Their prior service to us and our other clients
Custody & Brokerage Costs
Schwab and RBC generally do not charge separately for custody services. Schwab and RBC are compensated
by charging commissions or other fees on trades that it executes or that settle into the account. For some
accounts, in addition to what is covered by our advisory fee, Schwab and RBC may charge a percentage of
the dollar amount of assets in the account in lieu of commissions. Schwab and RBC’s commission rates
and/or asset-based fees applicable to our client accounts were negotiated based on our commitment to
maintain a minimum threshold of our clients’ assets statement equity in accounts at Schwab and RBC. This
commitment benefits the client because the overall commission rates and/or asset-based fees paid are lower
than they would be if we had not made the commitment. In addition to commissions or asset-based fees
Schwab and RBC charge a flat dollar amount as a “prime broker” or “trade away” fee for each trade that we
have executed by a different broker-dealer but where the securities bought or the funds from the securities
sold are deposited (settled) into the Schwab or RBC account. These fees are in addition to the commissions
or other compensation paid to the executing broker-dealer. Because of this, in order to minimize trading
costs, we have Schwab and RBC execute most trades for the client account.
However, Schwab and RBC are not always appropriate for the client. Therefore, we may execute through
Betterment. For client accounts maintained with Betterment, Betterment does not charge separately for
custody/brokerage services but is compensated as part of the Betterment for Advisors platform fee, which
is charged for a suite of platform services, including custody, brokerage, and sub-advisory services provided
by Betterment and access to the Betterment for Advisors platform. The platform fee is an asset-based fee
charged as a percentage of assets in client’s Betterment account. Clients utilizing the Betterment for
Advisors platform may pay a higher aggregate fee than if the investment management, brokerage and other
platform services are purchased separately. Nonetheless, for those clients participating in the Betterment
for Advisors platform, our firm has determined that having Betterment execute trades is consistent with our
duty to seek “best execution” of client trades. Best execution means the most favorable terms for a
transaction based on all relevant factors, including those listed above.
Products & Services Available to Us
Custodians are in the business of serving independent investment advisory firms like us. They provide us
and our clients with access to its institutional brokerage – trading, custody, reporting and related services –
many of which are not typically available to Custodians retail customers. Custodians also make available
various support services. Some of those services help us manage or administer our clients’ accounts while
others help us manage and grow our business. Custodians’ support services are generally available on an
unsolicited basis (we don’t have to request them) and at no charge to us. That said, not all are. For example,
Schwab provides us with support services at no charge as long as we keep a total of at least $10 million of
our clients’ assets in accounts at Schwab. If we have less than $10 million in client assets at Schwab, it may
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charge us quarterly service fees. Therefore, please ask our firm if you have any questions about these
services.
Services that Benefit Client
Schwab and RBC’s institutional brokerage services include access to a broad range of investment products,
execution of securities transactions, and custody of client assets. The investment products available through
Schwab and RBC include some to which we might not otherwise have access or that would require a
significantly higher minimum initial investment by our clients.
Betterment for Advisors, on the other hand, includes access to a globally diversified, low-cost portfolio of
ETFs, execution of securities transactions, and custody of client assets through Betterment. In addition, a
series of model portfolios created by third-party providers are also available on the platform.
All Custodians services described in this section generally benefit clients and their account(s).
Services that May Not Directly Benefit Clients
Schwab and RBC also make available to us other products and services that benefit us but may not directly
benefit the client or their account(s). These products and services assist us in managing and administering
our clients’ accounts. They include investment research, both Schwab and RBC’s own and that of third
parties. We may use this research to service all or some substantial number of our clients’ accounts, including
accounts not maintained at Schwab and RBC. In addition to investment research, Schwab and RBC also
make available software and other technology that:
• Provides access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account
statements);
• Facilitates trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts;
• Provides pricing and other market data;
• Facilitates payment of our fees from our clients’ accounts; and
• Assists with back-office functions, recordkeeping and client reporting.
Betterment makes available other products and services that benefit our firm but may not directly benefit
clients or their account(s). These products and services assist in managing and administering client accounts,
such as software and technology that may: (1) Assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping, and client
reporting of client accounts; (2) Provide access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations
and account statements); and/or (3) Provide pricing and other market data.
Services that Generally Benefit Only Our Firm
Custodians also offer other services intended to help us manage and further develop our business enterprise.
These services include:
• Educational conferences and events;
• Consulting (including through webinars) on technology and business needs;
• Access to publications and conferences on practice management and business succession;
• Technology, compliance, marketing, legal, and business consulting;
• Publications and conferences on practice management and business succession; and
• Access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants and insurance providers.
In addition, Schwab has refunded ACAT fees for certain accounts for a limited period of time after our firm
or its representatives have moved to Schwab’s custodial platform. Custodians may provide some of these
services itself. In other cases, it will arrange for third-party vendors to provide the services to us. Custodians
may also discount or waive its fees for some of these services or pay all or a part of a third party’s fees.
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Custodians may also provide us with other benefits such as occasional business entertainment of our
personnel.
Irrespective of direct or indirect benefits to our client through Custodians, we strive to enhance the client’s
experience, help reach their goals and put their interests before that of our firm or its associated persons.
Betterment for Advisors’ Trading Policy
When using the Betterment for Advisors platform, our firm and its clients are subject to the trading policies
and procedures established by Betterment. These policies and procedures limit our ability to control, among
other things, the timing of the execution of certain trades (including in response to withdrawals, deposits, or
asset allocation changes) within client account(s). Clients should not expect that trading on Betterment is
instant, and, accordingly, should be aware that Betterment does not permit our firm or its clients to control
the specific time during a day that securities are bought or sold in client account(s) (i.e., to “time the market”).
Betterment describes its trading policies in Betterment LLC’s Form ADV Part 2A. As detailed in that
document, Betterment generally trades on the same business day as it receives instructions from our firm
or its clients. Transactions, however, will be subject to processing delays in certain circumstances. In
particular, orders initiated on non-business days and after markets close generally will not transact until the
next business day. Betterment also maintains a general approach of not placing securities orders during
approximately the first thirty minutes after the opening of any market session. Betterment also generally
stops placing orders arising from allocation changes in existing portfolios approximately thirty minutes
before the close of any market session. Betterment continues placing orders associated with deposit and
withdrawal requests until market close. Betterment maintains a general approach of not placing orders
around the time of scheduled Federal Reserve interest rate announcements. Furthermore, Betterment may
delay or manage trading in response to market instability. For further information, please consult Betterment
LLC’s Form ADV Part 2A.
Directed Brokerage
Neither we nor any of our firm’s related persons have discretionary authority in making the determination
of the brokers with whom orders for the purchase or sale of securities are placed for execution, and the
commission rates at which such securities transactions are effected. We routinely recommend that a client
directs us to execute through a specified broker-dealer. Our firm recommends the use of Custodians. Each
client will be required to establish their account(s) with one of the Custodians, if not already done. Please note
that not all advisers have this requirement.
Special Considerations for ERISA Clients
A retirement or ERISA plan client may direct all or part of portfolio transactions for its account through a
specific broker or dealer in order to obtain goods or services on behalf of the plan. Such direction is permitted
provided that the goods and services provided are reasonable expenses of the plan incurred in the ordinary
course of its business for which it otherwise would be obligated and empowered to pay. ERISA prohibits
directed brokerage arrangements when the goods or services purchased are not for the exclusive benefit of
the plan. Consequently, we will request that plan sponsors who direct plan brokerage provide us with a
letter documenting that this arrangement will be for the exclusive benefit of the plan.
Aggregation of Purchase or Sale
We perform investment management services for various clients. There are occasions on which portfolio
transactions may be executed as part of concurrent authorizations to purchase or sell the same security for
numerous accounts served by our firm, which involve accounts with similar investment objectives. Although
such concurrent authorizations potentially could be either advantageous or disadvantageous to any one or more
particular accounts, they are affected only when we believe that to do so will be in the best interest of the
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effected accounts. When such concurrent authorizations occur, the objective is to allocate the executions in a
manner which is deemed equitable to the accounts involved. In any given situation, we attempt to allocate trade
executions in the most equitable manner possible, taking into consideration client objectives, current asset
allocation and availability of funds using price averaging, proration and consistently non-arbitrary methods of
allocation.
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans
Comprehensive Portfolio Management accounts are monitored on a regular basis, and no less than annually.
The nature of these reviews is to learn whether client accounts are in line with their investment objectives,
appropriately positioned based on market conditions, and investment policies, if applicable. Only our
Investment Advisors will conduct reviews. We may review client accounts more frequently than described
above. Among the factors which may trigger an off-cycle review are major market or economic events, the
client’s life events, requests by the client, etc. For accounts custodied at Schwab and RBC account/Portfolio
performance will be provided electronically via our secure online client portal. We will provide hard copies
of reports only if requested. Online access will be provided by the account custodian. The account custodian
will provide at least quarterly statements. For accounts custodied at Betterment, Betterment will provide an
online client portal that includes performance reporting.
Financial Planning clients do not receive reviews of their written plans beyond the initial delivery unless they
take action to schedule a financial consultation with us. Our firm does not provide ongoing services to
financial planning clients, but are willing to meet with such clients upon their request to discuss updates to
their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc. Financial Planning clients do not receive written or verbal
updated reports regarding their financial plans unless they separately engage our firm for a post-financial
plan meeting or update to their initial written financial plan.
Pension Consulting clients receive reviews of their pension plans for the duration of the pension consulting
service. We also provide ongoing services to Pension Consulting clients where we meet with such clients
upon their request to discuss updates to their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc. Pension Consulting
clients do not receive written or verbal updated reports regarding their pension plans unless they choose to
contract with us for ongoing Pension Consulting services.
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
We receive an economic benefit from Schwab in the form of the support products and services. These
products and services are made available to us and other independent investment advisors that have their
clients maintain accounts at Schwab. These products and services, how they benefit us, and the related
conflicts of interest are described above (see Item 12 – Brokerage Practices). The availability to us of Schwab’s
products and services is not based on us giving particular investment advice, such as buying particular
securities for our clients.
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
We do not receive any economic benefit from RBC in the form of the support products and services made
available to our firm and other independent investment advisors that have their clients maintain accounts at
RBC. These products and services, how they would benefit our firm, and the related conflicts of interest are
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RW Investment Management
described above (see Item 12 – Brokerage Practices). The availability of RBC’s products and services is not
based on our firm giving particular investment advice, such as buying particular securities for our clients.
MTG, LLC dba Betterment Securities
We receive non-economic benefits from Betterment for Advisors and Betterment in the form of the support
products and services it makes available to our firm and other independent investment advisors whose
clients maintain their accounts at Betterment. These products and services, how they benefit our, and the
related conflicts of interest are described above (see Item 12: Brokerage Practices). However, the availability
of Betterment for Advisors’ and Betterment’ products and services is not based on our firm giving particular
investment advice, such as buying particular securities for our clients.
Referral Fees
In accordance with Rule 206 (4)-1 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, our firm does not provide cash
or non-cash compensation directly or indirectly to unaffiliated persons for testimonials or endorsements
(which include client referrals).
Item 15: Custody
Our firm does not have custody of client funds or securities. All of our clients receive account statements
directly from their qualified custodians at least quarterly upon opening of an account. If our firm decides to
also send account statements to clients, such notice and account statements include a legend that
recommends that the client compare the account statements received from the qualified custodian with
those received from our firm. Clients are encouraged to raise any questions with us about the custody, safety
or security of their assets and our custodial recommendations.
The SEC issued a no‐action letter (“Letter”) with respect to the Rule 206(4)‐2 (“Custody Rule”) under the
Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). The letter provided guidance on the Custody Rule as well
as clarified that an adviser who has the power to disburse client funds to a third party under a standing letter
of instruction (“SLOA”) is deemed to have custody. As such, our firm has adopted the following safeguards
in conjunction with our custodian:
• The client provides an instruction to the qualified custodian, in writing, that includes the client’s
signature, the third party’s name, and either the third party’s address or the third party’s account
number at a custodian to which the transfer should be directed.
• The client authorizes the investment adviser, in writing, either on the qualified custodian’s form or
separately, to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or from time to time.
• The client’s qualified custodian performs appropriate verification of the instruction, such as a
signature review or other method to verify the client’s authorization and provides a transfer of funds
notice to the client promptly after each transfer.
• The client has the ability to terminate or change the instruction to the client’s qualified custodian.
• The investment adviser has no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the third
party, the address, or any other information about the third party contained in the client’s
instruction.
• The investment adviser maintains records showing that the third party is not a related party of the
investment adviser or located at the same address as the investment adviser.
• The client’s qualified custodian sends the client, in writing, an initial notice confirming the instruction
and an annual notice reconfirming the instruction.
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Item 16: Investment Discretion
Clients have the option of providing our firm with investment discretion on their behalf, pursuant to an
executed investment advisory client agreement. By granting investment discretion, we are authorized to
execute securities transactions, which securities are bought and sold, the total amount to be bought and
sold, and the costs at which the transactions will be affected. Limitations may be imposed by the client in
the form of specific constraints on any of these areas of discretion with our firm’s written acknowledgement.
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
We do not and will not accept the proxy authority to vote client securities. Clients will receive proxies or
other solicitations directly from their custodian or a transfer agent. In the event that proxies are sent to our
firm, we will forward them on to the Client and ask the party who sent them to mail them directly to the
Client in the future. Clients may call, write or email us to discuss questions they may have about particular
proxy votes or other solicitations.
Item 18: Financial Information
We are not required to provide financial information in this Brochure because we do not require the
prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees and six or more months in advance, we do not take custody of
client funds or securities and we do not have a financial condition or commitment that impairs our ability to
meet contractual and fiduciary obligations to clients. Our firm has never been the subject of a bankruptcy
proceeding.
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