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FIRM BROCHURE
(Part 2A of Form ADV)
September 26, 2025
Spectrum Strategic Capital Management, LLC
1745 NW Kings Blvd.
Corvallis, OR 97330-1905
Phone: (541) 248-2052
Fax: (541) 207-0027
www.sscapm.com
Part 2A of Form ADV (the “Brochure”) provides information about the qualifications and
business practices of Spectrum Strategic Capital Management, LLC. If you have any
questions about the contents of this Brochure, please contact us at (503) 746-9666 and/or
www.sscapm.com. The information in this Brochure has not been approved or verified by
the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority.
Spectrum Strategic Capital Management, LLC is registered as an investment adviser with
Securities and Exchange Commission; however, such registration does not imply a certain
level of skill or training and no inference to the contrary should be made.
Additional information about Spectrum Strategic Capital Management, LLC and its
investment adviser representatives is also available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov
September 26, 2025
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Form ADV Part 2A
ITEM 2: MATERIAL CHANGES
This Brochure dated September 26, 2025, updates and replaces the brochure dated April 25, 2025, in
accordance with the requirements and rules adopted by the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”). This Brochure reflects the following material changes:
Item 4 – Advisory Business – updated to: (i) include disclosures regarding the new “Unconstrained Alpha+
Strategy” that Spectrum now offers to certain qualified clients, and (ii) expand disclosures regarding margin
accounts, including some of the applicable risks,
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation – updated the disclosures on our investment management fees and added
information on investment management fee and billing process for the Unconstrained Alpha+ Strategy.
Item 7 – Types of Accounts – updated to add information on the minimum account size for accounts in the
Unconstrained Alpha+ Strategy.
Item 8 - Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss – updated to include: (i) a description
of the Unconstrained Alpha+ Strategy and the associated risks, (ii) disclosures pertaining to the use and risk
of exchange-traded funds that provide exposure to digital assets, including cryptocurrencies, and (iii)
additional risks.
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations – updated to add the title of Chief Operating
Officer for Mr. Greg Bachman.
Item 11 – Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading - updated
to include: (i) disclosures about Mr. Greg Bachman will be investing side by side with clients in the
Unconstrained Alpha+ Strategy, (ii) disclosures that other Firm personnel also have some of their assets
managed by Spectrum, and (iii) a description of the associated conflicts and how Spectrum addresses the
conflicts.
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices – updated to: (i) include disclosures that for clients assets invested in the
Unconstrained Alpha+ Strategy will be custodied at Interactive Brokers LLC, (ii) expand the disclosures on
the services and benefits provided by clients’ custodians, and (iii) add disclosures that employee accounts
can participate in aggregated trades placed by the Firm.
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation - updated the disclosures regarding services and
benefits received from Fidelity and IB.
Spectrum made additional non-material updates to other sections in this Brochure, so we encourage each
client to review the complete Brochure carefully and to call us with any questions you may have.
Pursuant to SEC Rules, Spectrum will ensure that clients receive a summary of any material changes to this
Brochure at least annually, along with a copy of this Brochure or an offer to provide this Brochure, within
120 days of the close of Spectrum’s fiscal year. Additionally, should the Firm make material changes to
this Brochure during the year, we will send you a summary of our “Material Changes” under separate cover,
along with the same offer. For more information about the Firm, please visit www.sscapm.com.”
Additional information about Spectrum and its investment adviser representatives is available on the SEC’s
website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
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ITEM 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item Number
Page
ITEM 1: COVER PAGE ..................................................................................................................... 1
ITEM 2: MATERIAL CHANGES ........................................................................................................ 2
ITEM 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................................ 3
ITEM 4: ADVISORY BUSINESS ......................................................................................................... 4
ITEM 5: FEES AND COMPENSATION ............................................................................................. 12
ITEM 6: PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT ................................. 16
ITEM 7: TYPES OF CLIENTS .......................................................................................................... 18
ITEM 8: METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS ..................... 19
ITEM 9: DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION ........................................................................................ 24
ITEM 10: OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS .................................. 24
ITEM 11: CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND
PERSONAL TRADING .................................................................................................................... 26
ITEM 12: BROKERAGE PRACTICES .............................................................................................. 25
ITEM 13: REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS ................................................................................................. 32
ITEM 14: CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION ..................................................... 33
ITEM 15: CUSTODY ....................................................................................................................... 34
ITEM 16: INVESTMENT DISCRETION ............................................................................................ 35
ITEM 17: VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES ....................................................................................... 35
ITEM 18: FINANCIAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................ 33
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Item 4: Advisory Business
A. Description of Firm
Spectrum Strategic Capital Management, LLC (“Spectrum”) is an Oregon-based investment
management firm, founded in 2001. We primarily offer services covering the areas of financial
planning, portfolio construction, and asset management.
We are currently registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as an
investment adviser and with the State of Oregon as a Limited Liability Company (“LLC”). We
conduct business in a number of states, which are reflected in Part 1 of our Form ADV, a copy of
which can be found on www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Currently, the principal owners (each owning between 14% to 43%) of the firm are Greg
Bachman, CFA & CFP®, Nichols Cutting, CPA, and Scott Meeker, CPA. They are all part of
senior management and are considered control persons of the Firm.
B. Types of Advisory Services Offered
Our advisory services fall into two broad categories: Financial Planning and Investment
Management. Our financial planning services are available on a stand-alone basis or as part of our
investment management services. Clients that request financial planning services only are under
no obligation to have any recommendations contained in the written plan implemented by us.
1. Financial Planning
Spectrum’s approach to financial planning is to (1) obtain significant financial and other
information from the client, including attitudes, goals, and objectives; (2) analyze the information
obtained in order to develop alternatives for consideration; and (3) explain the implications and
potential outcomes of selecting a particular alternative.
Based upon the client’s objectives, Spectrum will prepare a written financial plan addressing the
stated financial goals. This plan may be comprehensive in nature, or modular, as directed by the
client. The client is not under any obligation to implement any of the recommendations outlined in
the financial plan at any time either with Spectrum or with any other firm. Clients always have the
right to decide whether to act upon any recommendations and may follow or disregard, wholly or
in part, any information, recommendation or advice provided by Spectrum. Should the Client
decide to follow our recommendations, typically the investment services are offered through
Spectrum pursuant to a client’s request for investment management services outlined in Item 4.B.2
below. Clients should know that Spectrum has conflicts of interest when making certain
recommendations since Spectrum will receive fees, compensation and/or other concessions should
the client implement such recommendations. More specifically, Spectrum will receive investment
management fees should a client implement investment recommendations through us. In addition,
certain advisory representatives of Spectrum also are licensed insurance agents with various
unaffiliated insurance companies and their affiliated insurance agency, Spectrum Insurance
Services, LLC. When the advisory representatives implement insurance transactions in this
separate capacity, they receive normal and customary commissions for doing so. There exists a
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conflict of interest because there is an incentive for such advisory representative to recommend
investment products for which they receive compensation. Clients always have the right to select
any advisory firm or insurance agency or similar sales agency or representative to implement the
advice and recommendations provided by Spectrum and/or our advisory representatives.
Importantly, as part of Spectrum’s fiduciary duty to clients, the firm and our representatives
endeavor at all times to put the interests of the clients first, and recommendations will only be
made to the extent that they are reasonably believed to be in the best interests of the client.
Additionally, the conflicts related to these services are disclosed by us to new clients through the
delivery of the firm’s disclosure brochures (Form ADV Part 2A and Part 2Bs) and are outlined in
the written agreement entered into by the client with Spectrum (“Client Agreement”).
Please refer to Item 10 for further information on our financial affiliations.
Financial plans are based on the client’s financial situation at the time of creation and are based on
financial information disclosed by the client to Spectrum. Clients are advised that certain
assumptions are made with respect to interest and inflation rates and use of past trends and
performance of the market and economy. However, past performance cannot be relied on as an
indication of future performance. We cannot offer guarantees or promises that the client’s financial
goals and objectives will be met.
Further, Spectrum generally reviews and updates the plan based upon changes in the client’s
financial situation, goals, or objectives or changes in the economy. Should the client’s financial
situation, goals, objectives or financial needs change, the client is responsible for notifying us
promptly of the changes. The following list represents the types of financial plans that we offer
our clients:
a. Investment Planning Profile
When compiling an Investment Planning Profile, Spectrum will build a customized investment
portfolio designed with a goal toward increasing returns and reducing risk. This model will be
based on the client’s time horizon, risk tolerance level, tax situation, future income needs, and
goals and objectives. We will generally perform a complete analysis of the client’s current
portfolio and then compare it to our recommended investment portfolio. We will then suggest how
the investments should be reallocated over various asset classes and the specific investment
selection to implement our recommendations. We will provide a customized report that will
define and assign the responsibilities of all involved parties and establish a clear understanding of
the investment goals and objectives for the assets covered by the Investment Planning Profile.
b. Cash Management Profile
When constructing a Cash Management Profile, Spectrum will identify the client’s sources of
income and expenses. This profile will evaluate cash flow based on how income is currently being
spent. We will then examine and itemize total income versus total expenses including taxes, to
determine whether there is a surplus or deficit at the end of the year. We will use this information
to make prudent recommendations regarding short-term and long-term financial goals (including
debt restructuring).
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c. College Planning Profile
For College Planning Profiles, Spectrum will help determine the estimated future cost of a college
education and provide the client with various funding methods available. The College Planning
Profile will also take into consideration whether financial aid will be available and potential tax
implications. We will then review assets currently available and examine the specific dollar
amounts that will be required on a monthly or lump sum basis. We will also project the estimated
future cost of any specific university.
d. Risk Management and Survivors’ Needs Profile
For those clients desiring Risk Management and Survivors’ Needs Profiles, Spectrum will evaluate
and project the estimated future financial needs of the surviving spouse and other dependents. We
will then review available resources for income, including current insurance programs, and the
economic loss associated with a death, disability, or long-term illness of either spouse. We will
also identify strategies to mitigate the identified risks.
e. Accumulation Profile
When compiling an Accumulation Profile, Spectrum will evaluate current and future estate
accumulation and/or savings goals and the dollar amounts required for funding. We will review
assets currently available and factor in time horizon, possible returns, and shortfalls, if any.
f. Estate Planning Profile
For clients desiring an Estate Planning Profile, Spectrum will calculate and evaluate the impact of
estate taxes. We will assist the client in his/her goal of preserving assets today and in the future, as
the client accumulates a greater amount of wealth. Specific tax savings and wealth transfer
strategies will be provided in an effort to help assist the client in minimizing estate liabilities and to
help ensure the client preserves his/her estate for the benefit of its intended beneficiaries. Other
areas of consideration will include:
• Maximizing the Unified Credit;
• Uses of Various Wills and Trusts;
• Methods of Providing Estate Liquidity; and
• Future Growth of the Estate.
g. Retirement Planning Profile
Spectrum’s Retirement Planning Profiles identify a client’s retirement goals and estimates of
future income and expenses. This profile will provide the client with helpful guidance in planning
for a comfortable and possibly early retirement. We will review and examine the client’s current
situation and the assets that will be available, including Social Security and/or other sources of
income.
Spectrum will determine the adequacy of future income and provide specific recommendations if
there are any shortfalls. We will also run future growth projections, including the impact of
inflation, to help increase the likelihood that the client does not outlive his/her income. Retirement
Planning Profiles can also include: Social Security benefits strategies, complete investment
analysis, and the impact of lifestyle choices on income requirements.
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h. Comprehensive Financial Plan
When compiling a Comprehensive Financial Plan, Spectrum will prepare a complete financial plan
that is designed to give clients a comprehensive financial analysis and evaluation, and a detailed
roadmap to help them understand and work toward their goals. This plan is a compilation of some,
or all of the financial profiles listed above, as appropriate for each client.
It is our goal to become the client’s chief financial adviser and to coordinate the efforts of their
other advisers for their best interests. If the client wishes, we will proceed to implement the
alternatives selected; and periodically update the adopted plan as needed.
2. Investment Management
There are three key elements to Investment Management: portfolio construction, implementation,
and monitoring. Portfolio construction is based on the asset allocation model that has been
determined to be appropriate for the client. In this phase, the client’s investment objectives,
constraints, and preferences are identified and specified. The result is the determination of the
percentages of a client’s total portfolio that should be allocated to each particular asset class.
Implementation and monitoring is an ongoing process by which:
• Strategies are developed and implemented through investments in a combination of financial
assets;
• Capital market conditions and client circumstances are monitored; and
• Portfolio adjustments are made as appropriate to reflect significant changes in any or all of the
above relevant variables.
Depending on the investment strategy, Spectrum’s managed account portfolios can consist of, but
are not limited to, a combination of some or all of the following: money market funds, mutual
funds, stocks, bonds, unit investment trusts, exchange traded funds (“ETFs”), including
cryptocurrency ETFs, certain limited private offerings (e.g., private investment funds), and
certificates of deposit. Also, in certain cases we will utilize options and engage in short sales.
Please refer to Item 8 below for further information on our strategies and the associated risks.
Per the Client Agreement, the client’s managed account will be a discretionary account for which
Spectrum need not seek client approval prior to purchasing or repositioning assets. For more
information on our discretionary authority, please refer to Item 16, below.
Clients, with assistance from Spectrum, will fully and accurately complete a questionnaire (“Client
Profile”) in the form provided by us describing the client’s financial situation, investment
objectives, time horizon, risk tolerance and investment preferences. We will utilize the Client
Profile in rendering services to each client.
Upon completion of a Client Profile, Spectrum and client will determine the appropriate portfolio
investment strategy based on results of the Client Profile. Under all circumstances, clients are
responsible for promptly notifying us of any material changes in the information furnished by the
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client in the Client Profile or information that is otherwise material to client’s financial situation,
investment objectives, time horizon, risk tolerance and investment strategy.
Clients will be provided with a written Investment Policy Statement (IPS) based on the results of
the Client Profile. Clients and/or Spectrum can choose to exclude certain asset classes or specific
securities from their managed account portfolio or modify the risk level for the portfolio type
indicated, so long as the risk level selected remains suitable for the client. These exclusions and/or
modifications will be included in the IPS.
Currently, Spectrum offers the following investment strategies:
Investment Management Services Strategy
•
• Enhanced Index Strategy
• Unconstrained Alpha+ Strategy1
The Investment Management Services Strategy’s investment objective allocations are designated
as Ultra-Conservative, Conservative, Moderate, Moderate Growth, Growth, and Aggressive
Growth.
The Enhanced Index Strategy’s investment objective allocations are designated as Income, Growth
and Income, or Capital Appreciation.
The Unconstrained Alpha+ Strategy is designed to be part of a qualified client’s overall asset
allocation. Importantly, this strategy is highly speculative, has limited liquidity, and does not have
any risk tolerance constraints; therefore, no more than 10% of a client’s portfolio will be allocated
to this strategy. Also, the strategy has a minimum investment of $100,000.2
Please refer to Item 8 below for details regarding the types of investments utilized for these three
strategies, along with the risks associated with both the strategies and the investments.
From time to time, we may change or create new portfolio investment strategies. Each client’s
managed account portfolio can be invested similarly to, or different from, other clients with the
same or similar objectives. Spectrum will monitor market conditions and the performance of each
client’s portfolio, reposition assets as needed, and communicate any changes to clients in a timely
manner.
In the event that a client notifies Spectrum of changes to the information in their Client Profile, we
will review such changes and recommend appropriate changes to the client’s IPS, if any. Once the
amended IPS has been finalized, Spectrum will proceed in an orderly manner to make the
necessary changes to transition to the client’s redesigned portfolio strategy.
1 This strategy is mainly only available to ultra-high net worth investors that meet the definition of “accredited
investor” under SEC regulations. Non-accredited investors may be accepted into this strategy at Spectrum’s sole
discretion. However, Spectrum will only utilize this strategy with clients after the Firm has determined the strategy is
suitable for the client, taking into account the overall liquidity of the client’s portfolio and their current investment
needs.
2 Waived for employees of Spectrum.
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A client’s managed account portfolio can either be a cash account or a margin account. Unlike a
cash account, a margin account allows the client to buy securities or withdraw cash by borrowing
the money against the portfolio assets.
While we do not encourage clients to borrow money for the purpose of building an investment
portfolio, there are situations where the use of margin is needed when trading in options and/or for
short-selling activity. A margin account can also offer the potential to take advantage of a certain
types of buying opportunity. However, in accordance with our fiduciary duty to our clients, we
only suggest the use of margin in cases where we believe it is within the client’s overall investment
goals and in the client’s best interest.
Buying securities on margin subjects a client to additional costs and risks that should be carefully
considered before opening a margin account. Clients should also be aware that the use of margin
creates a conflict of interest between us and our clients since our investment management fees are
based on a percentage of the full value of the assets under management including any assets
purchased using margin. Specifically, when the asset value of a client’s account increases due to
margin balance, so does the dollar value of our investment management fee. Therefore, Spectrum
has an incentive to recommend the use of margin on investment management accounts.
In order to mitigate that conflict, Spectrum will only recommend the use of margin for a managed
account when it is required for trading in certain types of securities and/or when performing certain
trading activity or otherwise believed to be in a client’s best interest. Using a margin account is not
suitable for all investors. The use of margin increases the leverage in a client’s account and in turn
increases the overall investment risk.
We provide clients who wish to have margin accounts with a separate information sheet on such
risks. Also, for more detailed information regarding the fees and risks pertaining to margin
accounts, please refer to Items 5 & 8, below. Clients also should review the Investor Bulletin
issued by the SEC at https://www.investor.gov/introduction-investing/general-resources/news-
alerts/alerts-bulletins/investor-bulletins-29
For certain qualifying clients, Spectrum will recommend that a portion of such client’s assets be
invested in one or more private investments. These can include, without limitation, hedge funds,
real estate funds, private equity funds, venture capital funds, private placements, Delaware
Statutory Trusts (“DST”) and other types of private pooled investment vehicles (collectively
“Private Funds”). When determining which clients should receive a recommendation to invest in a
Private Fund, Spectrum considers a number of factors, including but not limited to a client’s
sophistication, risk tolerances and qualifications, investment objectives, and the amount of
available assets in the client’s account(s). Spectrum’s goal is to allocate in a fair and balanced
manner; however, given these differing factors, the allocation of investment opportunities in
Private Funds to clients is mainly subjective and not all qualifying clients will be provided an
investment opportunity.
Clients that receive a recommendation to invest in Private Funds will be provided with a copy of
each fund’s offering documents, which should be read in their entirety prior to investing in order to
understand the investment objectives, fees, risks and conflicts pertaining to such investments.
Please refer to Items 5 & 8 for further information.
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3. Retirement Plan Investment Advisory Services
Spectrum offers investment advisory services to defined contribution plans, defined benefit plans,
and 401k retirement plans. Each plan sponsor will select whether they want us to serve as a
Section 3(21) or Section 3(38) adviser.
In providing services as a Section 3(21) adviser, Spectrum will: (i) assist the plan fiduciary in
creating and/or updating the plan’s written Investment Policy Statement; and (ii) formulate model
portfolios based on those investment options available to the plan, recommend investment options
for the plan, periodically reviews the plan’s investment options, and meet with the client
periodically in order to discuss. As a 3(21) adviser, Spectrum will not have discretion over a
plan’s investments and assets.
In providing services as a Section 3(38) adviser, Spectrum shall service as the investment manager
for the plan and shall have (i) discretion over the establishment of the plan’s IPS; and (ii)
discretion over the selection, monitoring, removal and replacement of the plan’s investments.
Spectrum also will work with a plan fiduciary and the plan’s administrator to facilitate the creation
of an ERISA plan, such as a 401K Plan, which can include but not be limited to assisting with
determining the plan design, defining plan requirements, and reviewing new plan documents. We
also provide assistance to a plan when moving to a new plan administrator.
Additionally, dependent on client needs, Spectrum will provide training and education and answer
general questions from plan participants relating to the characteristics of and considerations for the
plan’s investment selections. Educational seminars for plan participants generally cover the
following areas: (1) financial planning, (2) risk management, (3) types of investments, (4) estate
planning, and (5) taxes.
If the Plan is participant-directed, Spectrum will, if requested, provide advice to any individual
plan participant as to the participant’s investment in securities made available by the plan. In
doing so, the Firm will take into account a participant’s specific needs, age, investment horizon,
and other relevant factors. However, such services do not include discretionary asset management
by Spectrum of investments made by participants. Also, Spectrum will not receive any fees
directly from plan participants for the performance of this service.
C. General Information about Spectrum’s Services
1. Gathering Individual Client Information
As explained above, services provided by Spectrum are customized to meet the individual needs,
objectives, and other financial goals of the client. Early on in the relationship, we will typically
memorialize each client’s investment objectives, risk tolerance, time horizons and other important
and necessary information, including any investment guidelines, in the client’s Client Profile and
IPS. We will use this information, together with any other information relating to the client’s
overall financial circumstances, to determine the most appropriate asset allocation and investment
strategy that we believe best meets each client’s financial goals.
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There may be times when certain restrictions are placed by a client which prevents us from
accepting or continuing to service the client’s account. Spectrum reserves the right to not accept
and/or terminate a client’s account if we feel that the client-imposed restrictions would limit or
prevent us from meeting and/or maintaining the objectives covered in the IPS.
2. Responsibility for Accuracy
Spectrum will not assume any responsibility for the accuracy of the information provided by the
client. We are not obligated to verify any information received from the client or from the client’s
other professionals (e.g., attorney, accountant, etc.) and are expressly authorized to rely on the
information as provided.
Under all circumstances, clients are responsible for promptly notifying us in writing of any
material changes to their financial situation, investment objectives, time horizon, or risk tolerance.
In the event that a client notifies Spectrum of changes in their financial circumstances, we will
review such changes and when warranted, recommend that updates be made to the client’s
financial plan, IPS and/or managed account portfolio.
3. Advisory Agreements
Prior to engaging Spectrum to provide advisory services, each client will be required to enter into
one or more written Client Agreements with us, setting forth the services to be provided, the fees
to be charged and the terms and conditions under which we will render our services. Spectrum will
provide a Brochure (Form ADV Part 2A) and the applicable Brochure Supplements (Form ADV
Part 2B) to each client or prospective client prior to or upon execution of our written Client
Agreement. The advisory relationship will continue until terminated by the client or Spectrum in
accordance with the provisions of the executed Client Agreement(s).
D. Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2024, the following represents the amount of client assets managed by
Spectrum on a discretionary and non-discretionary basis:
Type of Account
Assets Under Management
(“AUM”)
Discretionary
Non-Discretionary
Total
$241,552,947.
$7,707,283.
$249,260,230.
E. Education and Business Standards of Spectrum’s Representatives
Spectrum generally requires its Investment Adviser Representatives to successfully complete
university study and/or its educational or business equivalent. We select those persons who have
demonstrated knowledge of the financial and economic principles needed in providing sound
investment and financial planning advice. These skills are demonstrated by their business
background, education, passing of FINRA securities examinations, or professional designations
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such as Certified Financial Planner (CFP®), Certified Financial Analyst (CFA®) or Certified Public
Accountant (CPA). We also expect everyone associated with us to conduct business according to
the highest standards of honesty and fairness, and that they render services to their customers in a
manner that they would apply to or demand for themselves. Spectrum’s Investment Adviser
Representatives should have no securities related disciplinary history.
Each Spectrum investment advisory representative’s education and business history is outlined in
their respective Form ADV Part 2B, a copy of which is provided to all clients and can be requested
by contacting us.
ITEM 5: FEES AND COMPENSATION
A. Compensation for Financial Planning Services
Spectrum will be compensated by fees for providing specific in-depth analysis of one or more
financial areas (“Financial Profiles”) or a complete financial assessment compiling all the available
financial profiles. As noted in Item 4 above, Financial Profiles include but are not limited to
investment planning, cash management, college planning, risk management, accumulation profile,
estate planning, retirement planning, and comprehensive planning. Fees for these services will be
billed at rates ranging from $100 to $425 per hour depending on whether services are performed
by a staff member or Firm partner, or on a fixed fee basis, as agreed upon with the client. Any
requested modifications by the client to a Financial Profile are generally billed at the same hourly
rate.
Spectrum’s hourly fee is negotiable at our sole discretion. Fees for financial planning services will
be billed and payable upon completion of the work.
Please refer to Item 4, above, for more information on what each plan entails.
In addition to financial planning fees charged to the client, Spectrum charges investment
management fees when a client chooses to implement the investment recommendations through
Spectrum. In situations where a prospective client has pre-determined to have us provide both
financial planning and investment management services, the financial planning fees are waived.
Also, as mentioned in Item 4, certain Spectrum advisory representatives also are licensed insurance
agents with various unaffiliated insurance companies and the firm’s affiliated insurance agency,
Spectrum Insurance Services, LLC. When the advisory representatives implement insurance
transactions in this separate capacity, they earn commissions and/or other fees. This creates
conflicts of interest. However, clients are under no obligation to implement any recommendations
made by Spectrum and always have the right to select any advisory firm, brokerage firm,
insurance agency, or similar sales agency or representative to implement any or all of our
recommendations. For more information on Spectrum’s insurance affiliations, please refer to Item
10 below.
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1. General Information on Financial Planning Fees
Clients may choose to use the financial planning profiles individually or in combination and are
not restricted to only financial planning services. All fees are negotiable at the sole discretion of
Spectrum. Clients choosing to receive only financial planning services, will be required to enter
into a Client Agreement and pay a financial planning fee, as described above. The client or
Spectrum can terminate the Client Agreement at any time with 30 days written notice to the other.
If the client cancels the Client Agreement after Spectrum has begun the financial planning services
requested, the client shall be charged for the services completed. In all matters, Spectrum’s
financial planning services are analytical and advisory only and do not include legal or tax advice.
We will work with your legal, accounting, insurance or other professional advisers, as needed to
ensure the coordination of all pieces involved in the financial planning and/or estate planning
process.
All fees paid to Spectrum for investment management or financial planning services are separate
and distinct from any fees charged by third parties, including but not limited to brokers,
custodians, and the fees and expenses charged by mutual funds and ETFs to their shareholders or
fees charged by other investments, including Private Funds. Please refer to Item 5.C below for
further information on additional fees charged by third parties.
B. Compensation for Investment Management Services
1. Investment Management Services Strategy and Enhanced Index Strategy
Upon initial opening of a managed account, Spectrum’s investment management fees for accounts
to be invested in the Investment Management Services Strategy or the Enhanced Index Strategy
will be charged in advance based on the value of the account assets and the number of days
remaining in the quarter. These fees are due and payable upon the initial opening of a managed
account and will be deducted from the account assets, as outlined in the Client Agreement.
Thereafter, unless otherwise negotiated and memorialized in the Client Agreement, Spectrum
charges an annualized quarterly management fee (i.e., determined quarterly based on a 365-day
calendar)3 for accounts invested in either strategy, which is billed in advance and based on the fair
market value of a client’s assets under management (“AUM”) (including cash, cash equivalents
and margin balance) at the end of the preceding calendar quarter. . The quarterly management fee
is calculated by Spectrum and based on the fair market value of a client’s account(s) as of the close
of business on the last business day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter, as reflected in
Black Diamond.
If a client has a managed account invested in either the Investment Management Services Strategy
or the Enhanced Index Strategy that is a margin account, our investment management fee will be
based on the full value of the account’s assets under management without regard to the amount of
margin debt on the account. Clients need to be aware that buying investments using margin
3 The quarterly fee percentage will vary by quarter as it is based on the number of calendar days in a billing period;
however, the total quarterly percentages for each calendar year will never exceed the annual fee percentage charged to
a client.
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increases the amount of fees paid to us. In addition, a client with a margin account is charged
margin interest by the custodian on the margin debit balance in the client’s account.
As authorized in the Client Agreement, our investment management fees for accounts invested in
the Investment Management Services Strategy or the Enhanced Index Strategy will be deducted
from a clients managed account(s) by the client’s custodian and paid to Spectrum. At the
beginning of each calendar quarter, Spectrum sends a billing statement to each client’s custodian
for payment. Clients are provided with an informational invoice by Spectrum, which reflects the
fair market value of their managed account(s) assets, the fee calculation, and the amount of
management fees to be paid to Spectrum. For additional information on fees, please refer to Item
5.C below.
The Investment Management Services Strategy’s management fee is a function of the mix of assets
and the size of the client’s account. The fee for the Enhanced Index Strategy is a fixed percentage
amount based on the amount of account assets.
Below are the managed account fee schedules that are currently being charged for the Investment
Management Services Strategy and Enhanced Index Strategy.
Investment Management Services Strategy
Assets Under Management (“AUM”)
$250,000 to $1,000,000
$1,000,001 to $2,000,000
$2,000,001 - $3,500,000
$3,500,001 – $5,000,000
$5,000,001 and above
Annual Investment Management Fee* (%)
(billed quarterly)
1.10%
1.00%
0.80%
0.75%
0.65%
*Reduced fees are negotiable, in the sole discretion of Spectrum, and are assessed based on a variety of
factors, including a long-term client relationship, mix of assets, size of Client’s account, commitment to bring
in additional assets, complexities within the overall portfolio and special considerations. While accounts
which employ a passive strategy generally are charged less, those assets are aggregated for purposes of
calculating breakpoints. The minimum account size generally is $250,000; however, this amount also is
negotiable, in our sole discretion. Please refer to Item 7 for further detail.
Since the fee schedule above is a tiered schedule based on a client’s AUM, it means that the
greater a client’s AUM is, the lower the client’s investment management fee will be. For purposes
of fee billing, Spectrum will aggregate all investment management accounts managed by the Firm
which belong to certain familial relations of the client, which generally is referred to as
“householding.” For purposes of AUM calculation only the value of such client’s account(s) will
be aggregated with the account values of a client’s same family, defined as spouse or partner and
dependent children (collectively, a “household”).4 Thus, when a household’s account assets are
aggregated, this could make such accounts eligible for a lower annual advisory fee (i.e., a
breakpoint) based on Spectrum’s tiered fee schedule.
4 On infrequent occasion, a “household” could include children of the age of majority or other family members based
on long-term client relationship, powers of attorney associated with the household and other factors to be determined
in Spectrum’s sole discretion and captured in the Client Agreement.
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Enhanced Index Strategy
Annual Advisory Fee (%) (billed quarterly)
0.50% of assets under management in this Strategy
2. Unconstrained Alpha+ Strategy
The annual investment management fee charged for the Unconstrained Alpha+ Strategy is a fixed
percentage amount, which is based on the assets under management in the Strategy, as outlined
below.
Annual Advisory Fee (%) (billed quarterly)
1.25% of assets under management in this Strategy
Clients’ assets that are invested in the Unconstrained Alpha+ Strategy will be custodied at
Interactive Brokers LLC (“IB”) (please refer to Item 12 below for further information on custodian
arrangements). Spectrum’s investment management fee for assets invested in our Unconstrained
Alpha+ Strategy will be calculated by IB and charged quarterly in arrears. The fee is based on the
total market value (including cash and cash equivalents, but net of any margin balance) of each
account on the last business day at the end of each calendar quarter, as determined by IB. The
investment management fee will be deducted from each client account by IB at the beginning of
each calendar quarter and paid to Spectrum. All fee deductions will be shown on the IB account
statements, which are provided to each client by IB at least quarterly. Spectrum does not provide
an invoice to clients for these fees.
C. Compensation for Retirement Plan Investment Advisory Services
The investment advisory fees charged by Spectrum to retirement plan clients are billed quarterly in
advance and based on the value of the plan assets, as calculated, and reported by the custodian as
of the close of business on the last business day of the immediately preceding quarter. The annual
fee for this service is 0.50% and will be deducted by the plan’s custodian and paid to Spectrum, as
authorized by the client in the Client Agreement.
D. Important Information on Managed Account Fees
Spectrum’s fees do not include third-party fees, including custodian fees, brokerage fees,
retirement plan administration fees, margin interest, odd-lot differential fees, transfer taxes, wire
transfer and electronic fund fees, and other fees and taxes. A client managed account that is
invested in mutual funds and ETFs will be subject to certain fees and expenses, which are
imbedded in the price of the mutual fund or ETF. Mutual funds can also charge a distribution (12b-
1 fee), and in some cases, a front-end load (commission) or deferred sales or surrender/redemption
charges. In addition, some open-end mutual funds offer different share classes of the same fund
and one share-class can have higher expenses and fees than another share class. The most
economical share class is dependent on a number of factors, including but not limited to the
amount of time the shares are held by a client and the amount a client will be investing. Mutual
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fund expenses and fees vary by mutual fund, so it is important to read the mutual fund prospectus
to fully understand all applicable fees and expenses.
Transaction costs also factor into the overall costs when investing in mutual funds. Such costs can
be charged by the broker-dealer for both purchases and redemptions. Some custodians offer certain
higher share class mutual funds for purchase at no transaction cost. Therefore, Spectrum will
purchase a more expensive share class whenever we’ve determined, based on facts and
circumstances that such transaction would be the most economical for a client. We also will
transfer a client into a lower cost share class at a later date if we determine it is beneficial for the
client and that share class is available.
In addition, for new clients that hold any mutual funds upon account opening, Spectrum will
usually determine whether such mutual fund remains suitable for the client’s current objective and
if we believe it is, we will check to see if a lower cost share class is available and transfer the
client’s mutual fund holding into such share class. However, there have been times in the past, and
can be in the future, when we do not have access to lower cost share classes. This mainly happens
when the client’s custodian does not offer a lower cost share class for some or all of the mutual
funds bought for and/or held in clients’ accounts, or the investment amount does not meet the share
class minimum investment requirement.
Client assets invested in Private Funds are also subject to management fees, performance or
incentive fees and other expenses as described in each fund’s offering documents. In addition,
clients can incur additional fees charged by brokers for executing cross trades that occur between
client accounts. For a description of cross trades and more information regarding Spectrum’s
policy on cross trades, please refer to Item 11 below.
As outlined in Item 4 above, having a margin account increases the investment management fee
that certain clients pay, which presents a conflict of interest. Spectrum only recommends margin
accounts for a managed account when it is required for trading in certain types of securities and/or
when performing certain trading activity or otherwise believed to be in a client’s best interest.
Please refer to Item 8 for additional information pertaining to risks surrounding margin accounts.
The fees charged to a client’s account lowers the overall performance of the account. The third-
party fees and expenses described above are separate from and in addition to the fees charged by
Spectrum. Spectrum does not receive or share in any of the third-party fees. However, as outlined
in Item 4 above, certain advisory representatives of Spectrum also are licensed insurance agents
with various unaffiliated insurance companies and their affiliated insurance agency, Spectrum
Insurance Services, LLC. When the advisory representatives implement insurance transactions in
this separate capacity, they receive normal and customary commissions for doing so. This creates
a conflict of interest because there is an incentive for such advisory representative to recommend
insurance products for which they receive compensation. Please refer to Item 4 for information on
how this conflict is addressed and Item 10 regarding details on the relationships and affiliations.
Clients should carefully review all third-party fees, together with the fees charged by Spectrum to
fully understand the total amount of fees to be paid by the client. Only then will the client be able
to fully evaluate the advisory services being provided and the fees being paid.
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Spectrum can amend our fee schedules upon written notice as outlined in the Client Agreement.
The Firm has current clients that pay fees that are higher and lower than the fees reflected above.
It is the client’s responsibility, and not the custodian’s, to verify the accuracy of Spectrum’s
advisory fee. Clients will receive a periodic (at least quarterly) account statement from their
custodian, which will reflect among other things, all advisory fees debited by the custodian and
paid to Spectrum. Clients are urged to compare statements received by third parties, such as the
client’s custodian, with those statements sent by Spectrum. For more information on the reports
we provide to our clients, please refer to Item 13 below.
E. Refund for Pre-Paid Unearned Fees
Clients can terminate their Client Agreement with Spectrum upon thirty (30)-days written notice.
Clients will either receive a refund of any unearned pre-paid fees or will be charged for any earned
un-paid fees for work performed by Spectrum, as applicable.
F. Spectrum’s Valuation Policy
When determining market value of an account for purposes of Spectrum calculating investment
management fees, Spectrum’s policy is as follows: For all publicly traded securities held in client
accounts, Spectrum receives daily prices electronically from a third-party provider, Black
Diamond, which are reconciled electronically with daily prices received by clients’ custodians.
Any discrepancies are corrected as promptly as possible. The reconciled prices are used for
determining market value. Market value of an account includes securities and cash and cash
equivalents in the account. For investments in Private Funds, Spectrum only recommends Private
Funds approved for Fidelity Investment’s platform and therefore only relies upon the valuations
provided by Fidelity Investments for each Private Fund. However, in the event that a valuation is
not timely provided by Fidelity Investments, Spectrum will turn to the issuer of the Private Fund to
obtain a valuation. Should Spectrum be unable to obtain an appropriate valuation from Fidelity or
the issuer, we will value the Private Fund holding in accordance with our written valuation
procedures.
ITEM 6: PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT
Spectrum does not charge performance-based fees (i.e., fees calculated based on a share of capital
gains upon or capital appreciation of the funds or any portion of the funds of an advisory client).
Consequently, we do not engage in side-by-side management of accounts that are charged a
performance-based fee with accounts that are charged another type of fee (such as assets under
management). As described above, Spectrum provides its financial planning and investment
management services for a fixed fee, hourly charges and/or based upon a percentage of assets
under management.
Importantly, some of the Private Funds that Spectrum’s clients invest in do charge performance or
incentive-based fees, which are outlined in the respective Private Fund’s offering documents and
should be reviewed by investors prior to investing. Spectrum does not receive any portion of these
fees.
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ITEM 7: TYPES OF CLIENTS
A. Description
Spectrum provides advisory services primarily to individuals and high net worth individuals, as
well as to pension and profit-sharing plans, charitable organizations, and corporations or other
business entities.
B. Conditions for Managing Accounts
For a client account invested in the Investment Management Services Strategy with an investment
objective allocation of Ultra-Conservative, Conservative, Moderate, Moderate Growth, Growth or
Aggressive Growth strategy, the minimum initial investment is $200,000. For a client account
invested in Enhanced Index Strategy with an investment objective allocation of Income, Growth
and Income, or Capital Appreciation, the minimum initial investment is $20,000. For a client
account invested in the Unconstrained Alpha+ Strategy, the minimum initial investment is
$100,000. We have in the past and may in the future, at our discretion, choose to aggregate other
accounts of the client to meet this minimum, or make other exceptions as appropriate in the
circumstances. The above minimums can vary and have in the past and may in the future be
waived in our sole discretion.
When Spectrum provides investment advice to a client, we are deemed a fiduciary under certain
federal regulations, and within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security
Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws governing retirement
accounts. The way the firm makes money creates conflicts of interest; however, as a fiduciary,
Spectrum and our supervised persons are required to always act in our clients’ best interests, which
means we must, at a minimum take the following steps:
• Meet a professional standard of loyalty and care when making investment
recommendations.
• Always put our clients’ interests ahead of our own when making recommendations and
providing services.
• Disclose all conflicts of interest and how the Firm addresses such conflicts.
• Adopt and follow policies and procedures designed to help ensure that we give advice and
provide services that remain in each client’s best interest.
• Charge an advisory fee that is reasonable for our services.
• Not provide, or withhold, any information that could render our advice and/or services
misleading.
If a client’s account is a pension or other employee benefit plan governed by the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), Spectrum may be a fiduciary to
the plan. In providing our investment management services, the sole standard of care imposed
upon us is to act with the care, skill, prudence and diligence under the circumstances then
prevailing that a prudent man acting in a like capacity and familiar with such matters would use in
the conduct of an enterprise of a like character and with like aims. Spectrum will provide certain
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required disclosures to the “responsible plan fiduciary” (as such term is defined in ERISA) in
accordance with Section 408(b)(2), regarding the services we provide and the direct and indirect
compensation we receive by such clients. Generally, these disclosures are contained in this Form
ADV Part 2A, the Client Agreement and/or in separate ERISA disclosure documents and are
designed to enable the ERISA plan’s fiduciary to: (1) determine the reasonableness of all
compensation received by Spectrum; (2) identify any potential conflicts of interests; and (3) satisfy
reporting and disclosure requirements to plan participants.
ITEM 8: METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS
A. Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
Spectrum uses a variety of resources for research, including but not limited to third party programs
such as FactSet, Capital Economics, and Morningstar Direct to assist us during our research.
Although we rely primarily on long-term purchases as an investment strategy, there are times when
we deem other strategies appropriate based on the client’s financial objectives and risk tolerance.
Spectrum also subscribes to qualitative and quantitative software packages that are used to identify
and evaluate asset class weighting and individual stocks and mutual funds to be added or deleted
from clients’ portfolios.
Spectrum and our associated persons also, from time to time, recommend or provide advice on tax
credit partnerships (including low-income housing and/or oil and gas), REIT’s (real estate
investment trusts) or CMOs (collateralized mortgage obligations) to certain clients. These types of
investments generally are obtained through limited private offerings (“private placements”).
Spectrum also recommends Private Funds to certain qualified clients.
These investments carry certain risks, including the fact that they are usually illiquid investments,
are not subject to the same regulatory requirements as stocks and mutual funds, and usually charge
higher fees. Additionally, certain Private Funds are more illiquid than others, meaning that an
investor’s investment can be “locked up” for a defined period of time or for the life of the Private
Fund. The illiquidity of each Private Fund depends on a few factors, including but not limited to
the type and liquidity of the Private Fund’s underlying investments. Each private placement and
Private Fund has an offering document, which contains detailed information on the various risks
and fees relating to the investment. It is important for investors to read the offering documents
fully before investing.
Spectrum and our associated persons also recommend or provide advice on 529 plans or other
fixed insurance products.
Spectrum also offers the following investment strategies:
Enhanced Index Strategy – a financial strategy designed with an objective to limit active risk by
seeking to eliminate market timing and stock picking therefore avoiding the adverse consequences
of failing to correctly forecast business specific factors (i.e., revenues, earnings, changes in
debt/assets, etc.). The strategy seeks investment returns through a diversified portfolio of
exchange traded funds (ETF’s) typically rebalanced quarterly. The Enhanced Index Strategy
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investment objective allocations are designated as Income, Growth and Income, or Capital
Appreciation and Spectrum works with the client to determine which best meets the client’s
overall investment guidelines.
Investment Management Services Strategy – is customized based on the results of each client’s
written profile, utilizing either equity securities, fixed income securities, cryptocurrency ETFs, or a
combination thereof . The strategy’s investment allocations are designated as Ultra-Conservative,
Conservative, Moderate, Moderate Growth, Growth, and Aggressive Growth.
Unconstrained Alpha+ Strategy – this strategy is designed for ultra-high net worth clients who are
looking for a long-short aggressive growth strategy and is designed to be part of a client’s overall
asset allocation with no more than 10% of a client’s portfolio being in this strategy.
This strategy seeks returns through the combination of both long and short positions to profit from
both rising and falling markets, with the goal of reducing risks and potential losses during market
declines and capturing potential gains during market upturns. The strategy will mainly invest in
publicly traded securities, including American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”), cryptocurrency
ETFs, and will utilize option strategies to hedge risks. The Unconstrained Alpha+ Strategy is
designed to be a portfolio holding for at least 12 months with a minimum one calendar quarter
investment term. Redemption requests are permitted only on a quarterly basis subject to 30-day
advance notice. These requests may be granted or rejected based on the strategy’s liquidity, as
determined in Spectrum’s sole discretion. The Firm does not permit systematic withdrawals in this
strategy.
The Unconstrained Alpha+ Strategy is highly speculative and does not have any risk tolerance
constraints. Clients should understand that there is no guarantee that you will make a profit
investing in this Strategy, and an investment in this Strategy can result in losses substantially
greater than the initial investment due to the use of leverage (margin) and derivatives.
Additionally, large performance swings are extremely likely and the value of a client’s account
may at any time be worth more or less than the amount invested. Also, due to the redemption
restrictions, this strategy is considered to be illiquid. Therefore, clients should only commit assets
to this Strategy that can be invested for a longer term.
Please refer to Item 4 and Item 11 for additional important information regarding this strategy.
Option Swing Strategy
On rare occasions and depending on a client’s investment objectives and risk tolerance, Spectrum
will implement a temporary put option “swing” strategy in a client’s account when we believe it
can potentially minimize the loss from a declining stock price. Generally, the put option allows
the client to sell their stock at a predetermined price, if exercised. For example, if a stock is
trading at $50 a share and is expected to decline at least $10 or more, then a put option can be
purchased that has a predetermined (strike) price of $45 a share. If the stock price continues to
decline, the put can be “exercised”, which means the seller of the put must buy the stock at the
predetermined price. Alternatively, should the price of the security rise, then the put can be sold.
There is no guarantee the strategy will be successful and if the put cannot be sold, a client can lose
the full amount paid for the option.
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B. Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. Prior to entering
into a Client Agreement with Spectrum, a client should carefully consider: (1) committing to
management only those assets that the client believes will not be needed for current purposes and
that can be invested on a long-term basis, usually a minimum of five to seven years; (2) that
volatility from investing in the stock market can occur; and (3) that over time the client’s assets
will fluctuate and at any time be worth more or less than the amount invested.
The market value of stocks will generally fluctuate with market conditions, and small-stock prices
generally will fluctuate more than large-stock prices. Stocks of mid-capitalization companies often
have greater price volatility, lower trading volume, and less liquidity than the stocks of larger,
more established companies. While stocks have historically outperformed other asset classes over
the long term, they tend to fluctuate over the short term as a result of factors affecting the
individual companies, Industries or the securities market as a whole. Past performance of
investments is no guarantee of future results.
The market value of bonds will generally fluctuate inversely with interest rates and other market
conditions prior to maturity and will equal par value at maturity. Interest rates for bonds can be
fixed at the time of issuance, and payment of principal and interest can be guaranteed by the issuer
and, in the case of U.S. Treasury obligations, backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S.
Treasury. The market value of Treasury bonds will generally fluctuate more than Treasury bills,
since Treasury bonds have longer maturities.
CMOs are very sensitive to changes in interest rates and any resulting change in the rate at which
homeowners sell their properties, refinance, or otherwise pre-pay their loans. Investors in these
securities are not only subject to prepayment risk, but they also are exposed to significant market
and liquidity risks.
Investments in overseas markets also pose special risks, including currency fluctuation and
political risks, and can be more volatile than that of a U.S. only investment. Such risks are
generally intensified for investments in emerging markets.
Spectrum typically invests for the long-term and does not engage in high frequency trading.
Depending on the sophistication and risk tolerances of our clients, Spectrum at times will
recommend, as part of a client’s overall investment strategy, that a portion of such client’s assets
be invested in private placements or other alternative investments, including Private Funds. Such
investments present special risks for clients, including without limitation, limited liquidity, higher
fees, volatile performance, heightened risk of loss, limited transparency, special tax considerations,
subjective valuations and limited regulatory oversight. In addition, investors in Private Funds are
subject to the risks of each Fund’s underlining investments, which depending on the type of
investment can be significant. Therefore, private placements and Private Funds are usually not
suitable for all our clients and, as a result, will only be offered to certain qualifying clients for
whom an investment therein is determined to be suitable.
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Generally, such investments are available for investment only to a limited number of sophisticated
investors who generally meet the definition of “accredited investor” under Regulation D of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). It is important that each potential
qualified client fully read each offering or private placement documents prior to investing.
Notably, some of the Private Funds, mutual funds and ETFs selected by Spectrum employ
alternative or riskier strategies, such as the use of leverage, derivatives, or hedging. Leverage is the
use of debt to finance an activity. For example, leverage is used when one uses margin to buy
a security. Derivatives can be riskier than other types of investments because they can be more
sensitive to changes in economic or market conditions than other types of investments and could
result in losses that significantly exceed the original investment. The use of derivatives may not be
successful, resulting in investment losses, and the cost of such strategies can reduce investment
returns. Hedging, on the other hand, occurs when an investment is made in order to reduce the risk
of adverse price movements in a security. For example, hedging is used when one takes an
offsetting position in a related security, such as an option or short sale. While leverage or hedging
can operate to increase rates of return, it also increases the amount of risk inherent in an
investment.
Clients with margin accounts should be aware that there are a number of additional risks that need
to be considered when trading securities on margin. The risks associated with margin include, but
are not limited to, the following:
• Clients can lose more assets than you deposit in the margin account. A decline in the value
of securities that are purchased on margin can require you to provide additional funds to the
brokerage firm that has made the loan to avoid the forced sale of those securities or other
securities in a client’s account.
• The lending brokerage firm is able to force the sale of securities in a client’s account. If the
equity in a client’s account falls below the maintenance margin requirements under the
law—or the lending brokerage firm’s higher “house” requirements—the brokerage firm
can sell the securities in a client’s account to cover the margin deficiency. A client will also
be responsible for any short fall in their account after such a sale.
It is important that clients take time to learn about the risks involved in trading securities on
margin, and clients should consult with Spectrum’s advisers regarding any concerns they may have
with their margin accounts.
In certain strategies, Spectrum invests in ETFs that provide exposure to digital assets such as
bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies for purposes of diversification and inflation hedging. These ETFs
may be based on futures contracts or other mechanisms that seek to track the price of
cryptocurrencies. Investments in such ETFs involve heightened risks, including extreme price
volatility, potential regulatory changes, market manipulation concerns, and risks related to the
custody and transfer of digital assets.
Some additional investment risks applicable to investing in securities a client should be aware of
include, but are not limited, to the following:
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Market Risk: The price of a stock, bond, mutual fund or other security can drop in reaction to
tangible and intangible events and conditions. This type of risk is caused by external factors
independent of a security’s particular underlying circumstances.
Equity Risk: Since the strategies invest in equity securities, they are subject to the risk that stock
prices can fall over short or extended periods of time. Historically, the equity markets have moved
in cycles, and the value of each strategy’s equity securities can fluctuate significantly from day-to-
day. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or
economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by such companies can suffer a
decline in response. These factors contribute to price volatility, which is the principal risk of
investing in the strategies we offer.
Foreign Risk: Investments in overseas markets (international securities) pose special risks,
including currency fluctuation and political risks, and such investments can be more volatile than
that of a U.S. only investment. The risks are generally intensified for investments in emerging
markets.
Currency Risk: Overseas investments are subject to fluctuations in the value of the dollar against
the currency of the investment’s originating country. This is also referred to as exchange rate risk.
Political and Legislative Risk: Companies face a complex set of laws and circumstances in each
country in which they operate. The political and legal environment can change rapidly and without
warning, with significant impact, especially for companies operating outside of the United States
or those companies who conduct a substantial amount of their business outside of the United
States.
Reinvestment Risk: This is the risk that future proceeds from investments may have to be
reinvested at a potentially lower rate of return (i.e. interest rate). This primarily relates to fixed
income securities.
Business Risk: These risks are associated with a particular industry or a particular company within
an industry. For example, oil-drilling companies depend on finding oil and then refining it, a
lengthy process, before they can generate a profit. They carry a higher risk of profitability than an
electric company, which generates its income from a steady stream of customers who buy
electricity no matter what the economic environment is like.
Liquidity Risk: Liquidity is the ability to readily convert an investment into cash. Generally, assets
are more liquid if many traders are interested in a standardized product.
Financial Risk: Excessive borrowing to finance a business’ operations increases the risk of
profitability, because the company must meet the terms of its obligations in good times and bad.
During periods of financial stress, the inability to meet loan obligations may result in bankruptcy
and/or a declining market value.
Options Risk: Below are some of the main risks associated with investing in options:
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o Clients are usually required to open a margin account in order to invest in options,
which carries additional risks and would result in margin interest costs charged to
the client.
o Options prices are derived based on a number of factors, including the price of the
underlying security. For this reason, options prices are generally more volatile than
the price of the underlying security.
o Options involve risk and are not suitable for all clients. Therefore, a client should
read the option disclosure document, “Characteristics and Risks of Standardized
Options”, which can be obtained from any exchange on which options are traded, at
www.optionsclearing.com, or by calling 1-888-OPTIONS, or by contacting your
broker/custodian.
Short Sale Risk: Short selling involves selling securities the portfolio does not own, with the
expectation of buying them back at a lower price. Losses on short positions can be unlimited and
may be exacerbated by volatility.
Digital Asset Risk: Digital Assets include but are not limited to cryptocurrencies, crypto-assets, and
digital tokens. There are a number of different types of risks associated with digital assets. These
include but are not limited to lack of regulation, complexities of the various digital asset products,
imbedded conflicts of interest, legal risk, operational risk, storage risk, cybersecurity risk, market
risk, volatility risk, liquidity risk, counterparty risk, valuation risk, and fraud risk.
Concentration Risk: Having too much exposure to one type of investment or sector increases the
potential for loss due to various factors, including but not limited to liquidity constraints, company
financial issues, and market movement.
Spectrum does not represent, guarantee, or imply that the services or methods of analysis
employed by us can or will predict future results, successfully identify market tops or bottoms, or
insulate clients from losses due to market corrections or declines.
ITEM 9: DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
Registered investment advisers such as Spectrum are required to disclose all material facts
regarding any legal or disciplinary events that would be material to a client’s or prospective
client’s evaluation of the Firm or the integrity of its management. Spectrum does not have any
such legal or disciplinary events and thus has no information to disclose with respect to this Item.
ITEM 10: OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS
A. Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Mr. Greg Bachman, CFA, CFP®, Chief Investment Officer, Chief Operating Officer & Director of
Financial Planning, and Mr. Scott Meeker, CPA, Chief Executive Officer, are also licensed
insurance agents with various insurance agencies, including Spectrum’s affiliate, Spectrum
Insurance Services, LLC. Both Mr. Bachman and Mr. Meeker have a percentage ownership
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interest in Spectrum Insurance Services, LLC and as such share in the profits and losses of the
firm. In addition, as licensed insurance agents they receive both initial and ongoing commissions
from selling insurance, including when a Spectrum client implements a recommendation made to
them by Mr. Bachman or Mr. Meeker regarding the purchase of insurance. Individually, they
spend approximately 2 to 5 hours a month on activities for the insurance firms.
In addition, Mr. Nichols Cutting, Chief Compliance Officer, has an ownership interest in a private
real property activity entity, which take up less than 10% of his time. He also maintains a limited
tax practice and spends less than 10% of his time on this business.
Mr. Bachman and Mr. Cutting spend the majority of their time on the activities of Spectrum. Mr.
Meeker is the sole owner of Scott Meeker CPA, PC and spends approximately 75% of his time on
activities for that firm. Please refer to Form ADV Part 2B for further information on the business
activities of these principals, which is provided to new clients and a copy can be obtained by
contacting us.
The outside business activities and affiliations outlined above cause conflicts of interest, especially
due to the fact that certain principals and advisory representatives of Spectrum receive
commissions on the insurance products purchased by clients. The commissions received are
described to each client in detail before the product is sold. Importantly, the commissions received
by the principals and advisory representatives are not derived from any investments made in our
client’s discretionary managed accounts. They only receive the compensation when a financial
planning client purchases insurance through Spectrum Insurance Services, LLC or any other
insurance agency with which Mr. Bachman or Mr. Meeker are licensed.
Notably, as part of Spectrum’s fiduciary duty to clients, the Firm, its principals, and its investment
adviser representatives will endeavor at all times to put the interests of the clients first and will
only make recommendations that they reasonably believe are suitable and in the best interests of
the client. Additionally, the conflicts presented by these affiliations are disclosed to clients through
the delivery of the firm’s disclosure brochures (Form ADV Part 2A and Part 2Bs) and in the
written Client Agreement.
As outlined in Item 4 above, Financial Planning clients are not obligated to implement
recommended transactions through Spectrum, any Spectrum advisory representative or any
particular insurance agency. These clients have the option to purchase any recommended insurance
products or services through advisers, or agents other than Spectrum, , or Spectrum Insurance
Services, LLC.
B. Recommendation of Other Advisers
Spectrum had in the past entered into an arrangement with Rochdale Investment Management
(“Rochdale”), a non-affiliated investment adviser, wherein Rochdale provided certain Spectrum
clients with investment management services. Such referrals to Rochdale were made based on the
fact that Spectrum believed that the services provided by Rochdale were consistent with the
referred client’s investment objectives and financial circumstances. Currently, we are no longer
recommending clients to Rochdale under this arrangement.
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However, we still have clients that had entered into an agreement with Rochdale, so Rochdale is
paying Spectrum an ongoing referral fee in an amount of up to 50% of the total annual investment
advisory fee paid by each client to Rochdale.
ITEM 11: CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT
TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING
A. Description of Code of Ethics
The Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“The Act”) imposes a fiduciary duty on investment
advisers. As a fiduciary, Spectrum has a duty of utmost good faith to act solely in the best interests
of our clients. Our clients entrust us with their money and financial future, which in turn places a
high standard on our conduct and integrity.
Our fiduciary duty compels all employees to act with the utmost integrity in all of our dealings.
This fiduciary duty is the core principle underlying the Code of Ethics (the “Code”) and Personal
Trading Policy and represents the expected basis of all of our dealings with our clients.
The Code consists of the following core principles and applies to all employees within our firm:
1) The interests of clients will be placed ahead of the firm’s or any employee’s own
investment interests.
2) Employees are expected to conduct their personal securities transactions in accordance with
the firm’s Personal Trading Policy and will strive to avoid any actual or perceived conflict
of interest with the client. Employees with questions regarding the appearance of a conflict
with a client should consult with the Chief Compliance Officer before taking action that
can result in an actual conflict.
3) Employees will not take inappropriate advantage of their position within the firm.
4) Employees are expected to act in the best interest of each of our clients.
5) Employees are expected to comply with federal securities laws. Strict adherence to these
policies and other policies and procedures of the firm will assist the employee in complying
with this important requirement.
As part of the required standards of conduct, supervised persons are not permitted, in any
connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, of a security held or to be acquired by a
client:
a) To defraud such client in any manner;
b) To mislead such client, including by making a statement that omits material facts;
c) To engage in any act, practice or course of conduct which operates or would operate as a
fraud or deceit upon such client;
d) To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to such client; or
e) To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to securities, including price
manipulation.
As a fiduciary, we have an affirmative duty of care, loyalty, honesty, and good faith to act in the
best interests of our clients. Compliance with this duty can be achieved by trying to avoid conflicts
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of interest and by fully disclosing all material facts concerning any conflict that does arise with
respect to any client. Sanctions will be applied if it is determined that an employee violated the
Code. A complete copy of our Code is available upon request either by sending a written request
to our main address or calling us at (503) 697-1040.
B. Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
Spectrum employees have in the past and may in the future buy or sell securities for their own
accounts that the firm buys or sells for its discretionary and non-discretionary client accounts.
Spectrum understands that this could create a conflict of interest, where the employee’s interest are
at odds with the interest of Spectrum’s clients. To mitigate such conflict, Spectrum has internal
controls in place to help ensure that our personnel comply with the Code of Ethics’ provisions
regarding personal trading at all times.
Mr. Greg Bachman, who is a Partner, Chief Operating Officer, and the Chief Investment Officer of
Spectrum, manages a portion of his assets side-by-side with clients invested in the Unconstrained
Alpha+ Strategy. Mr. Bachman is the sole portfolio manager of this Strategy, and while having
such an investment helps align his investment interests with the interests of Spectrum’s clients
invested in that Strategy, it also creates a conflict of interest because it gives him an incentive to
favor his account over those of Spectrum’s clients. In addition, from time to time, other Spectrum
supervised persons have accounts that are managed by the Firm, which also creates a conflict of
interest.
To mitigate these conflicts, Spectrum has implemented policies and procedures that are reasonably
designed to monitor and prevent Spectrum from inappropriately favoring one account over
another, including trade allocation and aggregation procedures designed to ensure that all accounts
are managed in accordance with applicable laws and that no client or group of clients is
systematically favored or disadvantaged over time. Please refer to Item 12 below for further
information.
C. Cross Transactions
There are times when Spectrum causes a security to be traded between two clients (other than
ERISA clients) where it believes such trade to be in the best interest of each client. We generally
have such authority under the grant of investment discretion given to us by our clients. Spectrum’s
practice is to engage in internal cross trades in very limited circumstances where the purchase and
sale of the same security at the same time by different clients helps to achieve more favorable
terms to each client than separate transactions not involving a cross trade. Securities being sold are
only purchased for another client when they are attractively priced and meet the purchasing
client’s objectives. Spectrum will usually obtain independent prices for these securities from
broker-dealers. Cross trades between clients will normally be priced at the mid-point between the
best bid and offer prices known to be available at the relevant size order. Spectrum does not
receive commissions or any other compensation with respect to these transactions. However,
clients will incur additional fees from brokers for cross trades, which will be reflected on the
transaction confirmation sent by the broker.
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D. Principal Transactions
Spectrum does not affect any principal securities transactions for client accounts. Principal
transactions are generally defined as transactions where an adviser, acting as principal for its own
account or the account of an affiliated broker-dealer, buys from or sells any security to any
advisory client.
ITEM 12: BROKERAGE PRACTICES
A. Selection Criteria
With the exception of client’s accounts invested in our Unconstrained Alpha+ Strategy, Spectrum
currently recommends that each managed account client use Fidelity Investment Institutional
Brokerage Group (a brokerage unit of Fidelity Investments) (“Fidelity”) as the custodian and
broker of record for the client account.
For accounts in the Unconstrained Alpha+ Strategy, Spectrum requires the account assets to be
custodied at Interactive Brokers LLC (“IB”).
The services that Fidelity and IB provide to Spectrum’s clients are under their advisory platforms
and are typically not available to retail investors.
For Fidelity, the services are provided by Fidelity so long as we maintain a minimum amount of
our clients’ assets with Fidelity. IB does not require Spectrum to maintain a minimum amount of
client assets.
As part of their services, IB and Fidelity do not charge custodial fees for an account as long as the
account’s transactions are placed with IB or Fidelity, as applicable, for execution.
Both Fidelity and IB charge a transaction fee per transaction for each account. All fees and charges
are fully disclosed on the account statements they send to each client. Spectrum also receives
certain benefits from both IB and Fidelity due to the relationships, which are described below.
Spectrum is not affiliated either by ownership or control with either Fidelity or IB.
Spectrum has entered into an arrangement with Fidelity and IB to participate in their advisory
platforms. The platform services provided by Fidelity and IB include, among others, brokerage,
custodial, administrative support, record keeping and related services that are intended to support
intermediaries like Spectrum in conducting business and in serving the best interests of our clients
but that benefit Spectrum.. There is not direct link between the Firm’s participation in these
platforms and the investment advice given to our clients.
Both IB and Fidelity charge brokerage commissions and transaction fees for effecting certain
securities transactions (i.e., generally transactions fees are charged for certain no-load mutual
funds, commissions are charged for transactions in individual equity and debt securities, and
ETFs). Both Fidelity and IB enable Spectrum to obtain many no-load mutual funds without
transaction charges and other no-load funds at nominal transaction charges. In addition, the
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commission rates and transaction costs charged under the Fidelity and IB platforms are generally
considered discounted from customary retail commission rates and transaction charges. However,
the commissions and transaction fees charged by Fidelity and IB can be higher or lower than those
charged by other custodians and broker-dealers.
As part of the arrangements, Fidelity and IB also make available to Spectrum, at no additional
charge to us, certain research and brokerage services. These research and brokerage services are
used by Spectrum to manage accounts for which we have investment discretion. Spectrum also
receives additional services under both platforms, which are provided a no cost to Spectrum and
include certain services that do not directly benefit our clients. The additional services include: (i)
access to client statements and confirmations; (ii) access to a trading desk for placing client trades;
(iii) access to block trading (which provides the ability to aggregate securities transactions for
execution and then allocate the appropriate shares to client accounts); (iv) the ability to have
advisory fees deducted directly from client accounts;5 (v) access to mutual funds with no
transaction fees and to certain institutional money managers; and (vi) compliance, marketing,
research, technology, and/or practice management products or services provided to the Firm by
third-party vendors without cost or at a discount.
These products and services assist the Firm in managing and administering client accounts. Other
services made available by IB and Fidelity are intended to help the Firm manage and further
develop its business enterprise. The benefits received by Spectrum and/or its personnel through
participation in these platforms do not depend on the amount of brokerage transactions directed to
the custodian. However, as a result of receiving these products and services for no additional cost,
Spectrum has an incentive to continue to use or expand the use of Fidelity’s and IB’s services,
which creates a conflict of interest. As part of our fiduciary duty to our clients, the Firm endeavors
at all times to put the interests of our clients ahead of our own. In addition, Spectrum examined
this conflict when it chose to enter into the relationships with Fidelity and IB and determined that
the relationships are in the best interests of our clients. The Firm also performs reviews at least
annually.
It should be noted that all of the benefits referenced herein are generally available today from a
variety of large brokerage firms and clearing agents at no extra or special charge to Spectrum.
B. Best Execution
Through our Client Agreement, Spectrum has the discretion to place buy and sell orders with or
through such brokers or dealers as it deems appropriate. Our general policy is to place client trades
with the client’s broker custodian (e.g., Fidelity and IB) and we will continue to do so as long as
we feel that these broker custodian are providing the best overall deal for the client (“best
execution”).
While we strive to achieve the best execution possible for client securities transactions, this does
not require the Firm to solicit competitive bids and we do not have an obligation to seek the lowest
available commission cost. In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest
possible cost, but whether the transaction represents the overall best qualitative execution, taking
5 Under the IB arrangement, IB performs the calculation and deduction of Spectrum’s advisory fees.
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into consideration the full range of a broker-dealer’s services, including among other things, the
value of any research provided, their execution capability, commission rates, and responsiveness.
Importantly, Spectrum is not required to negotiate “execution only” commission rates, thus the
client may be deemed to be paying for research and related services (i.e., “soft dollars”) provided
by the broker, the cost of which are included in the commission rate.
As part of our best execution obligation, Spectrum will at least annually evaluate our trading
process and the broker/custodian(s) utilized. Our evaluation will take into account the full range of
brokerage and custodian services offered by the brokers/custodians, which can include, but is not
limited to execution prices, commissions/transaction costs, research offered, the ability to
aggregate trades, the firm’s capital strength and stability, reliable and accurate communications
and settlement processing, and use of automation. We also consider the benefits received by
clients and those received by the Firm.
C. Directed Brokerage
Under limited circumstances, we allow a client to direct us to execute all or a portion of client
transactions through a specific broker (aka “Directed Brokerage”). If that is the case, the client
should understand that:
(1) Spectrum does not negotiate specific brokerage commission rates with the broker on
client’s behalf, or seek better execution services or prices from other broker/dealers and, as
a result, the client may pay higher commissions and/or receive less favorable net prices on
transactions for their account than might otherwise be the case;
(2) Transactions for that account generally will be affected independently unless we decide to
purchase or sell the same security for several clients at approximately the same time (block
trade), in which case we usually include such client’s transaction with that of other clients
for execution by the same broker. If transactions are not able to be traded as a block, we’d
have to enter the transactions for the client’s account after orders for other clients, with the
result that market movements can work against the client; and
(3) Conflicts can arise between the client’s interest in receiving best execution with respect to
transactions effected for the account and Spectrum’s interest in receiving future client
referrals from the broker. Therefore, prior to directing Spectrum to use a specific broker-
dealer, a client should consider whether, under that restriction, execution, clearance and
settlement capabilities, commission expenses and whatever amount is allocated to
custodian fees, if applicable, would be comparable to those otherwise obtainable. Clients
should understand that he/she might not obtain commissions rates as low as it might
otherwise obtain if Spectrum had discretion to select other broker-dealers.
All clients directed brokerage arrangements must be provided to us in writing by the client. A
client must also notify us in writing if the client decides to terminate the directed brokerage
arrangement.
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Spectrum understands and acknowledges that at all times we owe a fiduciary duty to our managed
account clients to continually seek best execution for their transactions. We believe that our
relationship with Fidelity and IB help us to execute securities transactions for clients in such a
manner that the client’s total cost in each transaction is as favorable as possible under prevailing
market conditions. We periodically review and evaluate the execution and services received by our
clients from Fidelity and IB in an effort to help ensure the clients are receiving overall best
execution given the circumstances.
D. Order Aggregation and Allocation
For our managed account clients, we regularly look for specific individual securities that can be an
appropriate addition or deletion for multiple client portfolios. To the extent possible and upon our
determination that it is in the best interests of our clients, we will aggregate the trades together and
place a block trade in that security, to be allocated to the participating accounts by the end of
the trading day at the average share price for all executed transactions of the clients in that security
on that given day. Spectrum also can include accounts of our employees in the aggregated trades,
which can create a conflict of interest, especially when there is only a partial fill of the trade.
To address the conflict, the Firm has written policies and procedures on the allocation of
aggregated trades, which are designed with the goal of providing an objective and equitable
method of allocation so that all participating accounts are treated fairly.
If the order is only partially filled, Spectrum will allocate the securities traded among participating
accounts proportionally unless the partial fill is not meaningful; then Spectrum will allocate in a
manner which it considers equitable, taking into account, the size of the order placed, the client’s
cash position, investment objective of the account(s), size of the order and liquidity of the security.
In addition, if a partial fill is not meaningful, then the Firm employee(s) will not participate in the
allocation.
E. Soft Dollar Considerations
Except for the indirect benefits that Spectrum receives from Fidelity and IB, which may be deemed
to fall outside the safe harbor of Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act (“Section 28(e)”), Spectrum’s
general policy is to comply with the provisions of Section 28I when entering into soft dollar
arrangements. Section 28(e) generally allows investment advisers to use client commissions to
pay for certain brokerage and research services under certain circumstances without breaching
their fiduciary duties to clients. Therefore, in circumstances in which we feel that execution is
comparable, we have in the past and may in the future place certain trades with a third-party broker
that is providing brokerage and research services to us (“Research Broker”).
Brokerage and research services provided by Research Brokers can include, among other things,
effecting securities transactions and performing services incidental thereto (such as clearance,
settlement and custody) and providing information regarding the economy, industries, sectors of
securities, individual companies, statistical information, taxation; political developments, legal
developments, technical market action, pricing and appraisal services, credit analyses; risk
measurement analysis and performance analysis.
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Such research services can be received in the form of written reports, telephone conversations,
personal meetings with security analysts and/or individual company management and attending
conferences. The research services provided by a Research Broker can be proprietary and/or
provided by a third party (i.e., originates from a party independent from the broker providing the
execution services).
In selecting a Research Broker, we will make a good faith determination that the amount of the
commission charged is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services
received, viewed in terms of the specific transactions our overall responsibility to the accounts for
which we exercise investment discretion.
Subject to Section 28(e), we can pay a Research Broker a brokerage commission in excess of that
which another broker might have charged for effecting the same transaction, in recognition of the
value of the brokerage and/or research services provided by the broker. This practice is commonly
referred to as “soft dollars”. Spectrum believes it is imperative to our investment decision-making
process to have access to this type of research and brokerage.
Research services provided by Research Brokers can be used by us in servicing any or all of our
clients and can be used in connection with clients other than those making the payment of
commissions to a Research Broker, as permitted by Section 28(e). In other words, there can be
certain client accounts that benefit from the research services, which did not make the payment of
commissions to the Research Broker providing the services.
The receipt of brokerage and research services from any broker executing transactions for our
clients will not result in a reduction of our customary and normal research activities, and the value
of such information is, in our view, indeterminable. Nevertheless, the receipt of such research can
be deemed to be the receipt of an economic benefit by us, and although customary, is deemed to
create a conflict of interest between Spectrum and our clients. Therefore, we feel it is important
for clients to be aware of the issues surrounding “soft dollars”.
In cases when we receive both non-research (e.g., administrative or accounting services etc.) and
research benefits from the services provided by the Research Brokers, we will make a good faith
allocation between the non-research and research portion of the services received, and will pay
“hard dollars” (i.e., Spectrum will pay from their own monies) for the non-research portion. In
making a good faith allocation between research services and non-research services, a conflict of
interest exists by reason of our allocation of the costs of such services and benefits between those
that primarily benefit Spectrum and those that primarily benefit clients. We will always put the
client’s interests first.
Spectrum currently does not have any third-party soft dollar arrangements in place.
ITEM 13: REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
Managed accounts are reviewed on a continuous basis by the Firm’s investment adviser
representatives. The reviews are based upon and can be triggered by a variety of factors, which
include but are not limited to: the economic environment, outlook for the securities markets and
the merits of the securities in which the accounts are invested. In addition, a special review can be
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triggered by one or more of the following: 1) a change in the client’s investment objectives,
guidelines and/or financial situation, 2) change in strategy or diversification, 3) tax considerations,
4) cash added or withdrawn from the account, 5) purchase or sale of a security in the account, 6) a
major change in the market, and/or 7) if requested by the client.
Spectrum meets periodically (generally quarterly) with each managed account client to discuss and
review the account’s performance and objectives and also performs an extensive annual review of
the client’s investment policy statement and objectives with each client.
All financial profiles and special analysis prepared are reviewed by a Spectrum Representative
before being presented to a client. If appropriate, we will provide updates to client financial plans
after any review meeting with a client. Updates may occur any time based on identified changes in
clients’ circumstances.
Spectrum will provide portfolio performance reports to clients quarterly or semi-annually.
Frequency of the reports is the client’s choice. Such reports will usually be prepared no later than
35 days after the end of each calendar quarter. Clients will also receive periodic reports (either
monthly or quarterly) directly from their custodian. Clients are urged to compare custodial reports
with those reports sent by Spectrum and other third parties.
ITEM 14: CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
A. Compensation for Client Referrals
Spectrum had in the past entered into an arrangement with Rochdale Investment Management
(“Rochdale”), a non-affiliated investment adviser, to provide certain Spectrum clients with
investment management services. Referrals to Rochdale were made based on the fact that
Spectrum believed that the services provided by Rochdale were consistent with the referred
client’s investment objectives and financial circumstances. Currently, we are no longer
recommending clients to Rochdale under this arrangement.
However, we still have clients that had entered into an agreement with Rochdale, so Rochdale is
paying us an ongoing referral fee in an amount of up to 50% of the total annual investment
advisory fee paid by each client to Rochdale.
Currently, Spectrum does not have arrangements with, and does not pay, any unaffiliated
promoters to refer potential clients to Spectrum. However, if a potential client is introduced to
Spectrum by either an unaffiliated or an affiliated promoter, the Firm will only pay that promoter a
referral fee in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-1 of the Advisers Act and any
corresponding state securities law requirements. Any such referral fee shall be paid solely from
Spectrum’s investment management fee and shall not result in any additional charge to the client.
Any affiliated promoter of Spectrum shall disclose the nature of his/her relationship to prospective
clients at the time of the referral and will provide all prospective clients with a copy of Spectrum’s
Form ADV Part 2 or other written disclosure brochure(s) at the time of the solicitation. Since in
some states, a promoter is also required to be qualified and registered as an investment adviser
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representative, Spectrum has developed internal controls to ensure its promoters are registered,
when required.
B. Other Compensation
Spectrum currently recommends Fidelity and IB to provide custodian and brokerage services to
our managed account clients.. While there is no direct linkage between the investment advice
given to the client and Spectrum's participation in the Fidelity and IB programs, economic benefits
are received by us which would not be received if we did not give investment advice to clients.
These benefits are outlined in Item 12 above, including the fact that they create a conflict of
interest between the Firm and our clients and the steps taken to address the conflict.
As outlined in Items 4, 5 and 10 above, certain Spectrum advisory representatives are also
insurance agents for unaffiliated insurance companies and Spectrum’s affiliate, Spectrum
Insurance Services, LLC, and as such receive commissions and/or other compensation.
While Spectrum, its principals and advisory representatives endeavor at all times to put the interest
of the clients first as part of Spectrum’s fiduciary duty, clients should be aware that the receipt of
additional compensation itself creates an inherent conflict of interest and can affect the judgment
of these individuals when making recommendations. Please refer to Items 4, 5 and 10 for further
details.
ITEM 15: CUSTODY
Pursuant to Rule 206(4)-2 of the Advisers Act, Spectrum is deemed to have “constructive custody”
of client funds because the Firm has the authority and ability to debit its fees directly from the
accounts of those clients receiving our investment management services.
Additionally, certain clients have, and can in the future, sign a Standing Letter of Authorization
(SLOA) that gives Spectrum the authority to transfer funds to a third-party as directed by the client
in the SLOA. This is also deemed to give the Firm custody. Custody is defined as any legal or
actual ability by the Firm to withdraw client funds or securities. Firms with deemed custody must
take the following steps:
1. Ensure clients’ managed assets are maintained by a qualified custodian;
2. Have a reasonable belief, after due inquiry, that the qualified custodian will deliver an
account statement directly to the client at least quarterly;
3. Confirm that account statements from the custodian contain all transactions that took place
in the client’s account during the period covered and reflect the deduction of advisory fees;
and
4. Obtain a surprise audit by an independent accountant on the clients’ accounts for which the
advisory firm is deemed to have custody.
However, the rules governing the direct debit of client fees and SLOAs exempts Spectrum from
the surprise audit rules if certain conditions (in addition to steps 1 through 3 above) are met. Those
conditions are as follows:
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1. When debiting fees from client accounts, Spectrum must receive written authorization from
clients permitting advisory fees to be deducted from the client’s account.
2. In the case of SLOAs, Spectrum must: (i) confirm that the name and address of the third
party is included in the SLOA, (ii) document that the third-party receiving the transfer is
not related to the Firm, and (ii) ensure that certain requirements are being performed by the
qualified custodian.
When exercising our discretionary authority, we can only implement our investment management
recommendations after the client has arranged for and furnished us with all information and
authorization regarding his/her accounts held at the designated qualified custodian.
Clients will receive statements on at least a quarterly basis directly from the qualified custodian
that holds and maintains their assets. Clients are urged to carefully review all custodial statements
and compare them to the statements provided by Spectrum and other third parties. Spectrum’s
statements will vary from custodial statements based on accounting procedures, reporting dates, or
valuation methodologies of certain securities. Please refer to Items 10 and 12 for additional
important disclosure information relating to Spectrum’s practices and relationships with
custodians.
ITEM 16: INVESTMENT DISCRETION
Spectrum has discretionary authority over clients’ managed account assets to determine, without
first obtaining client’s permission for each transaction: (1) the type of securities to be bought and
sold, (2) the dollar amounts of the securities to be bought and sold, (3) whether a client’s
transaction should be combined with those of other clients and traded as a “block”, and (4) in some
cases the brokers to use and the commission rates and/or transactions costs paid to effect the
transactions. The client agrees to this upon execution of the Client Agreement.
For clients that are receiving financial planning services on a non-discretionary basis, we will
make recommendations to the client regarding the purchase or sale of securities or other assets that
we consider to be in the best interest of the client. The client has full discretion to accept or reject
our recommendations and is responsible for implementing any accepted recommendations with
any broker-dealer the client chooses.
As noted in Item 4, clients generally are allowed to impose reasonable restrictions on the types of
securities, companies and/or industries they do not want to be included in their account. Once this
information is gathered, each client is responsible for informing us in writing of any changes to
these restrictions or to their overall investment objectives. Spectrum does not assume any
responsibility for the accuracy of the information provided directly by our clients.
ITEM 17: VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
In cases where Spectrum is responsible to vote proxies on securities held in a client’s account, we
have adopted policies and procedures in an effort to ensure that all votes are cast in the best
interests of our clients and that the proper documentation is maintained relating to how the proxies
were voted. These policies and procedures are summarized as follows:
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Spectrum utilizes the service of a non-affiliated third-party proxy voting vendor (“Proxy Vendor”)
to vote proxies on behalf of the Firm and our clients. Spectrum has adopted pre-determined proxy
voting guidelines (the “Guidelines”) to make every effort to ensure the manner in which shares are
voted is in the best interest of clients and the value of the investment. In addition, our policy allows
us to vote a proxy contrary to our Guidelines if we determine that such action is in the best
interests of clients.
In cases where sole proxy voting authority rests with Spectrum for plans governed by ERISA,
proxies for such accounts will be voted in accordance with the Guidelines unless outlined
otherwise in the plan’s governing documents and subject to the fiduciary responsibility standards
of ERISA.
If at any time, Spectrum or the Proxy Vendor becomes aware of any type of potential or actual
conflict of interest relating to a proxy proposal, such potential or actual conflict will be promptly
reported to the Chief Compliance Officer and Director of Financial Services. Conflicts will be
handled in a number of ways depending on the type and materiality. The method selected by us
will depend upon the facts and circumstances of each situation and the requirements of applicable
laws and will always be handled in the client(s) best interest.
Our policy also allows us to choose not to vote proxies in certain situations or for certain accounts.
For example, where a client has retained the right to vote the proxies or where a proxy is received
for a client account that has been terminated. Also, we may be unable to vote proxies for any client
account that participates in a securities lending program.
A complete copy of our current Proxy Voting Policies & Procedures is available upon request.
Clients can obtain information on how their proxies were voted by contacting Spectrum at the
principal office and place of business indicated on the cover page of this form. Please provide your
name, account number, and security for which you are making the request.
ITEM 18: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Spectrum does not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six months
or more in advance and therefore is not required to provide, and has not provided, a balance sheet.
Spectrum does not have any financial commitments that impair its ability to meet contractual and
fiduciary obligations to clients and has not been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
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