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Item 1 – Cover Page
Spring Mountain Capital, LP
196 Princeton Hightstown Road, Suite 2A1
West Windsor, NJ 08550
212.292.8300
www.springmountaincapital.com
October 8, 2025
SMC
SEC
This Brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Spring
”). If you have any questions about the contents of this Brochure,
Mountain Capital, LP (“
please contact SMC’s Chief Compliance Officer at compliance@smcinvest.com. The
information in this Brochure has not been approved or verified by the U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission (“
”) or by any state securities authority.
SMC is a registered investment adviser. Registration of an investment adviser does not imply
any level of skill or training. The oral and written communications of an investment adviser
provide you with information to help you determine whether to hire or retain such
investment adviser.
information about SMC
is available on
the SEC’s website at
Additional
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. You can search this site by a unique identifying number, known as
a CRD number. The CRD number for SMC is 119126.
1 Please see Form ADV Part1A, Schedule D, Section 1.I.Website Addresses for a complete list of related
party website addresses.
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Item 2 – Material Changes
This brochure ("Brochure") dated October 8, 2025, contains the following material changes
since our latest annual updating amendment filed on March 28, 2025:
The Firm has moved its principal place of business to 196 Princeton Hightstown Road,
Suite 2A1, West Windsor, NJ 08550. In accordance with the Firm’s business continuity
procedures, certain employees may temporarily operate from remote offices during a
short transition period between the expiration of our prior office lease and the
commencement of a new sub-lease.
Currently, our Brochure may be requested by contacting SMC’s Chief Compliance Officer at
compliance@smcinvest.com. Additional information about SMC is also available via the
SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
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Item 3 – Table of Contents
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Item 1 – Cover Page ..................................................................................................................................................
iii
Item 2 – Material Changes ....................................................................................................................................
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Item 3 – Table of Contents...................................................................................................................................
5
Item 4 – Advisory Business .................................................................................................................................
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Item 5 – Fees and Compensation ......................................................................................................................
12
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management...................................................
13
Item 7 – Types of Clients ....................................................................................................................................
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Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss ..........................................
28
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information ..................................................................................................................
28
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations............................................................
32
Item 11 – Code of Ethics .....................................................................................................................................
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Item 12 – Brokerage Practices .........................................................................................................................
41
Item 13 – Review of Accounts ..........................................................................................................................
41
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation ..............................................................................
42
Item 15 – Custody .................................................................................................................................................
42
Item 16 – Investment Discretion.....................................................................................................................
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Item 17 – Voting Client Securities ..................................................................................................................
Item 18 – Financial Information......................................................................................................................
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Item 4 – Advisory Business
SMC is principally owned by John “Launny” Steffens, Founder and Senior Managing Director,
and Gregory P. Ho, President. SMC has been providing advisory services since 2001. As of
December 31, 2024, SMC managed $1,603,113,398 on a discretionary basis. Currently, SMC
does not manage assets on a non-discretionary basis.
Private Funds
Managed Accounts,
clients
”) and separate accounts (“
Domestic Funds
SMC provides continuous investment management services to pooled investment vehicles
(hereinafter, “
” and
collectively with the Private Funds, the “
”). For all Private Funds, affiliates of SMC act
as the general partner. In the case of Private Funds that are domiciled in the United States
(the “
”), such funds rely on registration exemptions available under the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
SMC FIM
SMC also provides municipal fixed income management services through SMC Fixed Income
Management, LP (“
”). The advisory services offered by SMC are detailed below.
SMC is organized into five investment groups: Total Return, Private Capital, Growth Equity,
Municipal Bonds and Social Impact. This combination provides the firm with knowledge in
each investment vertical, which SMC believes improves investment decisions. SMC seeks to
take advantage of investment opportunities “in the gaps” where larger investors typically do
not focus. SMC has designed its investment solutions to meet clients’ current needs and
reflect the flexibility, adaptability and insight that are essential when investing in today’s
complex markets.
1.
Opportunistic Investing in Traditional and Alternative Asset Classes
SMC employs an investment strategy of opportunistic exposure spanning the alternative
investment spectrum that includes both direct investments in securities and other assets as
well as investments in other hedge funds, private equity funds, private credit funds and
managed accounts managed by unaffiliated third parties. SMC seeks to capitalize on themes
that have secular tailwinds driving value or opportunities where value can be realized from
dislocations, structural inefficiencies, strategic relationships with issuers or sponsors,
and/or situations where information asymmetry exists.
The Private Funds that SMC manages utilizing aspects of this strategy are:
Total Return Fund
•
SMC Total Return Fund, LP (“
”);
•
Private Capital Fund
SMC Private Capital Fund, LP (“
”);
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•
Private Capital Fund II
SMC Private Capital Fund II, LP (“
”); and
•
Holdings II Fund
SMC Holdings II, LP (“
”).
Refer to Item 8 for more information about the investment strategy of each of these Private
Funds. Investors and prospective investors in these Private Funds should refer to the
offering memorandum of the applicable Private Fund for complete information.
2.
Growth Equity Investing
In addition to the multi-strategy Private Funds described above, SMC also manages Private
Funds that follow a more traditional growth equity model:
PE Holdings
•
SMC Private Equity Holdings, LP (“
”);
Growth Capital Partners II
•
SMC Growth Capital Partners II, LP (“
”); and
Growth Capital Partners III
•
SMC Growth Capital Partners III, LP (“
”).
Refer to Item 8 for more information about the investment strategy of each of these Private
Funds. Investors and prospective investors in these Private Funds should refer to the
offering memorandum of the applicable Private Fund for complete information.
3.
Separate Account Management
SMC also serves as discretionary adviser to certain clients who open Managed Accounts, with
full power and authority to supervise direct investments for such accounts without prior
consultation with such clients.
SMC’s investment decisions and advice with respect to each Managed Account will be in
accordance with a client’s investment objectives and guidelines in the client’s investment
management agreement, as well as any instructions agreed in writing by the client and SMC.
SMC may invest Managed Accounts in direct investments in securities or in its Private Funds
or independent funds managed by unaffiliated third parties.
4.
Advisory Services Offered by SMC Fixed Income Management, LP
SMC FIM offers:
a.
Specialized fixed income management for institutions, trusts, and high-net-worth
individuals. As part of this service, SMC FIM seeks to achieve investment objectives of
clients by investing in a portfolio of assets consisting primarily of debt securities and
other obligations issued by or on behalf of states, territories, and possessions of the
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United States and the District of Columbia and their political subdivisions, agencies,
and instrumentalities.
b.
Exempt
Tax-Free and Taxable Municipal Cash Management Strategy – SMC FIM invests in a
VRDNs
diversified portfolio of tax exempt municipal variable rate demand notes (“
LOC
”) due to their high degree of liquidity and safety of principal. The Exempt
VRDNs utilized in this strategy are secured by municipal issuers, the creditworthiness
of which is reviewed and confirmed prior to purchase by SMC FIM. SMC FIM will only
consider for purchase municipal issuers with a credit quality rating of A- or higher.
Exempt VRDNs may also have a letter of credit (“
”) issued by a bank or financial
institution, or an insurance policy to provide funding for the payment of interest and
principal should the borrower be unable to pay.
SBPA
Although they have longer-term maturities, Exempt VRDNs can be tendered at par at
any time generally with 1-day notice or 7-day notice, depending on the put feature of
the note purchased. A liquidity facility, enabling investors to receive the tender price
(par), is provided by a bank through an LOC or Standby Purchase Agreement
”) or similar instrument. Absent an LOC, bond insurance or other form of
(“
credit enhancement, Exempt VRDNs are generally unsecured obligations of the issuer
or borrower. Exempt VRDNs also generally have mandatory and optional redemption
features, allowing the borrower or issuer to repurchase them at par. If for any reason
the liquidity facility contracted (LOC or SPBA) becomes invalid, it is the obligation of
the issuer to provide liquidity upon demand according to the terms of the holder’s put
option.
c.
Municipal Intermediate Strategy – SMC FIM seeks to establish and maintain a
diversified portfolio of tax-exempt municipal debt obligations with an average
maturity of 6 to 12 years and an average duration of 4 to 7 years from date of
purchase. This Investment Strategy seeks to provide tax-free income and preserve
principal. This Investment Strategy utilizes a laddered approach with the aim of
maximizing tax-free income, preserving principal, and minimizing interest rate risk.
The securities held in this portfolio are selected based on investment grade or higher
credit quality and are generally expected not to be subject to the Alternative Minimum
Tax. SMC FIM actively manages this portfolio. In addition, based on client preferences,
SMC FIM may manage this portfolio for national or state-specific exposure.
d.
Municipal Opportunities Plus Strategy – SMC FIM invests in a diversified portfolio of
municipal debt obligations with a maturity range of 1 to 30 years and an average
duration of 1 to 15 years from date of purchase. This investment strategy seeks total
return by taking an opportunistic approach to the municipal market. Securities
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selected for this portfolio can include investment grade, non-investment grade, and
non-rated municipal issues. Active yield curve positioning is also a component of the
strategy. SMC FIM may select taxable or tax-exempt municipal securities in seeking
total return opportunities. In addition, this portfolio is highly flexible and also can be
structured to a risk profile of investment grade only, with maximum maturity of 20
years and duration limit of 10 years.
e.
1-to-15-Year Municipal Bond Ladder – This Investment Strategy seeks to balance
total return and price volatility of a fixed income portfolio due to interest rate
changes. This is accomplished by structuring a portfolio of approximately equal value
bond positions bearing consecutive annual maturities over a selected maturity range.
The SMC FIM 1-to-15-Year Municipal Bond Ladder invests in equally weighted par
value investment grade tax free municipal securities maturing between 1 and 15
years (from date of purchase). Securities are held to maturity. The proceeds from
maturing bonds are reinvested in the longest dated bond of the designated maturity
range in order to maintain the laddered structure. The laddered portfolio structure
can be customized to a specific maturity range.
f.
Wrap Fee Programs – SMC FIM also provides investment advisory services as
portfolio manager to various sponsored wrap fee programs, including programs
offered by Wells Fargo, Morgan Stanley, RBC Wealth Management, Merrill Lynch, and
Stifel Nicolaus. SMC FIM manages these accounts in the same manner as it manages its
other Managed Accounts, and it receives a portion of the wrap fee for providing its
services. Please refer to our Form ADV Part 1, Section 5.I for information on the wrap
fee programs in which SMC FIM participates.
g.
UITs
Portfolio Consulting Services – SMC FIM provides portfolio consulting services to an
unaffiliated investment adviser with regard to the management of certain Unit
Investment Trusts (“
”) that are sponsored, underwritten and distributed by the
unaffiliated adviser. SMC FIM advises and consults with the adviser regarding the
initial and ongoing fixed income security selection for inclusion in the UITs. However,
all UIT investment and trading decisions are made by the unaffiliated adviser, which
retains discretion for all UIT portfolio transactions.
5.
Private Equity Investing – Social Impact
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 enacted section 1400Z-2 of the Internal Revenue Code,
which created the qualified opportunity zone program. The program is designed to
encourage investment in low-income communities designated as “qualified opportunity
zones” by providing tax incentives to invest in “qualified opportunity funds” that, in turn,
invest directly or indirectly in the opportunity zones.
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“WHIN”
WHIN Fund
SMC’s West Harlem Innovation Network (
) manages partnerships that invest in
compelling, high-potential ideas and early-stage businesses in the life sciences, education
technology, and complimentary areas (such as amplifying technologies, and food ecosystem
industries) located primarily in West Harlem and in other qualified opportunity zones. WHIN
invests in complementary industries and companies that contextually fit with its local
neighborhood, and focuses on businesses that seek to mitigate the disproportionate health,
educational and socioeconomic outcomes in historically underinvested communities. Using
”)
a more traditional private equity model, the WHIN Opportunity Fund, LP (“
invests in companies that aim to generate community wealth and have measurable social
impact.
Refer to Item 8 for more information about the investment strategy of the WHIN Fund.
Investors and prospective investors in the WHIN Fund should refer to its offering
memorandum for complete information.
Additional information on any sub-advisers utilized by the above Private Funds is contained
in the Form ADV Part 1, Schedule D.
6.
Client Inquiries & SMC Opinions on Products or Services not Offered by SMC
Clients may address inquiries to individual employees of SMC concerning investments,
products or services not offered or managed by SMC. Any opinions offered by employees of
SMC to the client in response to such inquiries do not constitute the views or investment
advice of SMC, nor is SMC compensated for such information. Such investments, products, or
services are not subject to SMC’s fiduciary duty with respect to the management of the
client’s account, and SMC is not liable for any action that the client may take on the client’s
own initiative as a result of any such inquiry or any communications it may have with any
employee of SMC on such issues. Furthermore, the client agrees not to hold SMC liable for
such opinions or views.
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation
Private Fund Management
While it is the general policy of SMC to charge fees to its clients in accordance with the fee
schedules in the offering documents (or investment management agreement in the case of
Managed Account clients), SMC has the ability to negotiate alternative fee arrangements with
clients based on specific circumstances and on a case-by-case basis.
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The fees paid to SMC for investment advisory services are separate and distinct from those
fees and expenses charged by (i) the sub-managers of the underlying pooled investment
vehicles to which SMC may allocate Private Fund assets and (ii) the sub-advisers that SMC
may engage with respect to certain Private Fund investments. Such sub-managers and sub-
advisers may also charge management fees and/or performance-based compensation.
Similarly, SMC FIM’s fees are exclusive of brokerage commissions, transaction fees, and other
related costs and expenses that are incurred by the client. Clients may also incur certain
charges imposed by custodians, brokers, and other third parties such as custodial fees, sales
charges, odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes, wire transfer and electronic fund fees, and other
fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities transactions.
In certain circumstances, SMC may invest one of its Private Funds in an affiliated Private
Fund. However, fees are always waived at the underlying fund level in such circumstances.
SMC does not typically invest Private Fund assets in mutual funds; however, it may utilize
mutual funds to sweep cash that is in the Private Funds. All fees paid to SMC for investment
advisory services are separate and distinct from the fees and expenses charged by mutual
funds to their shareholders, including management fees, fund expenses, and distribution
fees.
pro rata
For Private Funds, SMC’s management fees and performance-based compensation are
deducted from the investors’ accounts. Management fees are non-refundable unless the
Private Fund is terminated pursuant to its terms, in which case the unearned
portion
of the management fee (based on days remaining in the period) will be returned to the
Private Fund and made available for distribution to investors in connection with its
liquidation. Performance-based compensation may be subject to clawback from the Private
Fund’s general partner in certain circumstances.
The fees applicable to each Private Fund are set forth in detail in each of the Fund’s respective
offering documents.
a)
SMC Holdings II, LP – SMC is entitled to a monthly management fee, at the end of each
month, equal to 0.166% (2.0% annualized) of the net asset value of the outstanding
interests at the beginning of the month, payable as soon as practicable. SMC is also
entitled to an incentive allocation equal to 20% of the investment proceeds of the fund
after 100% of each limited partner’s aggregate capital contributions are returned, subject
to a preferred return of 6%. (Note: Fees vary by fund share class).
b)
SMC Private Equity Holdings, LP – SMC is entitled to a quarterly management fee, at the
beginning of each quarter, equal to 0.5% (2.0% annualized) of each investor’s capital
commitment, payable as soon as practicable. SMC is also entitled to an incentive
allocation equal to 20% of the investment proceeds of the fund after 100% of each limited
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partner’s aggregate capital contributions are returned, subject to a preferred return of
8%. (Note: Fees vary by fund share class).
c)
SMC Growth Capital Partners II, LP – SMC is entitled to a management fee, callable semi-
annually in advance by the fund, as detailed in the fund’s Private Placement
Memorandum. The fund will maintain the money in its account and will pay SMC, at the
beginning of each quarter, a management fee equal to 0.5% (2.0% annualized) of each
investor’s capital commitment until the end of the investment period, and, thereafter,
0.5% (2.0% annualized) based upon unrecovered capital contributions to the fund
(including any capital that has been reserved for follow-on investments but net of any
permanent write-offs or write-downs of portfolio investments). SMC is also entitled to an
incentive allocation equal to 20% of the investment proceeds of the fund after 100% of
each limited partner’s aggregate capital contributions are returned, subject to a preferred
return of 8%.
d)
SMC Growth Capital Partners III, LP – SMC is entitled to a management fee, payable
quarterly in advance by the fund, equal to 0.5% (2.0% annualized) of each investor’s
capital commitment until the fifth anniversary of the final closing, and, thereafter, 0.5%
(2.0% annualized) based upon unrecovered capital contributions to the fund (including
any capital that has been reserved for follow-on investments but net of any permanent
write-offs or write-downs of portfolio investments). SMC is also entitled to an incentive
allocation equal to 20% of the investment proceeds of the fund after 100% of each limited
partner’s aggregate capital contributions are returned, subject to a preferred return of
8%.
e)
SMC Total Return Fund, LP – SMC is entitled to a quarterly management fee at the
beginning of each quarter equal to (i) 0.3125% (1.25% annualized) of the net asset value
of the outstanding Class A interests at the beginning of the quarter and (ii) 0.50% (2.00%
annualized) of the net asset value of the outstanding Class B interests at the beginning of
the quarter, in each case payable as soon as practicable. Generally, at the end of each fiscal
year, an amount equal to (x) 15% of the net capital appreciation of the Class A liquid
assets and (y) 17.5% of the net capital appreciation of the Class B liquid assets, subject in
each case to a 7% hurdle and subject to adjustments for withdrawals, is allocated to SMC.
f)
SMC Private Capital Fund, LP – SMC is entitled to a management fee, payable quarterly in
advance by the fund, as detailed in the fund’s Private Placement Memorandum. The fee
is equal to 0.25% (1.0% annualized) of each investor’s capital commitment until the end
of the investment period, and, thereafter, 0.25% (1.0% annualized) of invested capital.
The management fee for each limited partner will be calculated as of the initial closing
based on total commitments, regardless of when a particular limited partner is actually
7
admitted to the fund. The management fee may also be paid out of investment proceeds,
income from temporary investments of the fund and any other cash otherwise available
for distribution. SMC is also entitled to an incentive allocation equal to 10% of the
investment proceeds of the fund after 100% of each limited partner’s aggregate capital
contributions are returned, subject to a preferred return of 6%.
g)
SMC Private Capital Fund II, LP – SMC is entitled to a management fee, payable quarterly
in advance by the fund, as detailed in the fund’s Private Placement Memorandum. The fee
is equal to 0.375% (1.5% annualized) of each investor’s capital commitment until the end
of the investment period, and, thereafter, 0.375% (1.5% annualized) of invested capital.
The management fee for each limited partner will be calculated as of the initial closing
based on total commitments, regardless of when a particular limited partner is actually
admitted to the fund. The management fee may also be paid out of investment proceeds,
income from temporary investments of the fund and any other cash otherwise available
for distribution. SMC is also entitled to an incentive allocation equal to 15% of the
investment proceeds of the fund after 100% of each limited partner’s aggregate capital
contributions are returned, subject to a preferred return of 5%.
h)
WHIN Opportunity Fund, LP – SMC is entitled to a management fee, payable quarterly in
advance by the fund, equal to 0.5% (2.0% annualized) of each investor’s capital
commitment until the end of the investment period, and, thereafter, 0.5% (2.0%
annualized) based upon unrecovered capital contributions to the fund (including any
capital that has been reserved for follow-on investments but net of any permanent write-
offs or write-downs of portfolio investments). SMC is also entitled to an incentive
allocation equal to 20% of the investment proceeds of the fund after 100% of each limited
partner’s aggregate capital contributions are returned, subject to a preferred return of
6%.
Separate Account Management by SMC
Annual fees for SMC Managed Accounts are negotiated on a case-by-case basis. SMC charges
an annual fee for investment services as a percentage of assets under management that
generally ranges from 1.0 % to 2.0%. The exact fee for each client will be negotiated and will
be based on the total assets under management, complexity of investment guidelines or
restrictions initiated by a client, or report services required/requested by the client, among
other factors.
The specific manner in which fees are charged by and paid to SMC is established in the
client’s written agreement with SMC. Fees are generally billed in advance each calendar
quarter based on the market value of the assets under management. Upon termination of
your advisory services, SMC will promptly refund any prepaid, unearned fees. Clients may
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If clients elect to authorize SMC to directly debit fees from their accounts, clients
elect to be billed directly for fees or to authorize SMC to directly debit fees from client
should review the billing invoice to verify the fee calculation against the corresponding debit as
accounts.
reflected in their account statement provided by their custodian.
To the extent that Managed Account’s assets are invested in a Private Fund advised by SMC,
the underlying fund will waive any fees or other compensation payable to SMC or its affiliates
in connection with such investment.
Advisory Services Offered by SMC FIM
a.
For its fixed income management services, SMC FIM charges an annual fee as a
percentage of assets under management that generally ranges from 0.05% to 0.30%.
The exact fee for each client will be negotiated and will be based on the total assets
under management, complexity of investment guidelines or restrictions initiated by
a client, and report services required/requested by the client, among other factors.
SMC FIM may charge different clients receiving the same services different fees. The
fee schedules herein are SMC FIM’s basic fee schedules generally charged to clients,
absent negotiable circumstances. Clients within a wrap fee program should refer to
the program sponsor agreement for a discussion of fees.
The specific manner in which fees are charged by and paid to SMC FIM is established
in the client’s written agreement with SMC FIM. Clients may elect to be billed directly
for fees or to authorize SMC FIM to directly debit fees from client accounts. If clients
elect to authorize SMC FIM to directly debit fees from their accounts, clients should
review the billing invoice to verify the fee calculation against the corresponding debit
as reflected in their account statement provided by their custodian.
b.
For the provision of portfolio consulting services to AAM, SMC FIM generally receives
0.20% initially and 0.05% annually, payable quarterly, on the average assets
remaining in the applicable UIT.
pro rata
A client agreement with SMC FIM may be canceled immediately upon receipt of written
notice, or any other period mutually agreed upon between SMC FIM and the client and
specified in an advisory agreement. Upon termination of any account, any prepaid, unearned
fees will be promptly refunded on a
basis based on days remaining in the period,
and any earned, unpaid fees will be due and payable.
SMC FIM’s fees are exclusive of, and in addition to, brokerage commissions, transaction fees,
and other related costs and expenses that will be incurred by the client. Clients will incur
certain charges imposed by investment managers, custodians, brokers, and other third
parties such as custodial fees, sales charges, odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes, wire
9
transfer and electronic fund fees, and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and
securities transactions.
Clients may invest in other collective investment vehicles managed by third-party
investment managers that also charge management fees, other fund expenses, and a possible
distribution fee as disclosed in the collective investment vehicles’ prospectuses or offering
memoranda. All fees paid to SMC FIM for investment advisory services are separate and
distinct from the fees and expenses charged to shareholders by mutual funds or other
collective investment vehicles, including money market funds in which SMC FIM client assets
may be held or swept. Accordingly, the client should review both the fees charged by the
funds and the fees charged by SMC FIM to fully understand the total amount of fees to be
paid by the client and to thereby evaluate the advisory services being provided.
SMC Private Fund Investor Expenses
In addition to management fees (if applicable), there are additional expenses charged to each
SMC client or fund investor related to each Private Fund's operations and investment
activities, as set forth in the investment management agreement or fund offering documents,
as applicable, including, without limitation: (i) out-of-pocket expenses associated with the
organization and maintenance of the fund; (ii) accounting and auditing fees; (iii)
administrator fees; (iv) legal, compliance and regulatory-related expenses; (v) consultant or
advisory fees; (vi) portfolio company monitoring fees; (vii) investor reporting and printing
expenses; (viii) broken-deal fees; (ix) transaction expenses, including brokerage and
custodian fees; (x) investment-related travel and accommodation expenses; (xi) D&O
professional liability insurance costs; and (xii) litigation costs. Investors are also charged
additional fees by their service providers, such as a fee from a bank to wire money.
Clients and fund investors also bear the cost of certain organizational, administrative,
offering and operational expenses, including expenses related to the organization and
formation of any co-investment vehicle or parallel vehicle that may be created to facilitate
investments alongside a Private Fund. Additionally, if at any time SMC or the general partner
creates any holding company, special purpose vehicle or other similar structuring vehicle to
facilitate investments, the fund investors will typically bear all expenses related to the
vehicle's organization and formation and other expenses incurred solely for the benefit of
the created vehicle.
It is SMC’s practice to offer co-investments to one or more investors, as well as qualified
employees in some cases, on a deal-by-deal basis when the allocation opportunity exists.
SMC does not have a predetermined group or investment vehicle that always receives co-
investment opportunities. Private Funds may incur expenses attributable to investments
that do not proceed to completion. While co-investors can participate in these transactions
10
and benefit from the sourcing of investments from such Private Funds, broken deal expenses
may, in the relevant general partners’ sole discretion, be borne fully by the relevant Private
Clients and investors are advised to read their investment management agreement (in the case
Funds.
of separately managed accounts) and/or fund offering documents for a complete description
of applicable expenses.
Third-Party Managed Fund Fees
Client and investor fees are exclusive of third-party fees, costs and expenses incurred in
connection with underlying third-party managed investment funds, including, without
limitation, those incurred for: (i) acquiring, managing and disposing of investment fund
assets; (ii) due diligence and monitoring of portfolio companies; (iii) legal counsel,
accountants, service providers and other consultants (including fees in connection with the
provision of administration, financial, valuation, accounting and reporting services to the
Investment Fund and its limited partners); (iv) advisory board and investor meeting
expenses; (v) expenses related to insurance and litigation matters; (vi) administrative,
operating and marketing/offering activities; (vii) costs related to the use of credit facilities;
and (viii) investment-related travel and accommodations.
SMC Expenses
Unless provided for in the applicable advisory agreement or fund disclosure documents, SMC
is responsible for the costs and expenses of its own internal overhead, namely the cost of its
office space, supplies, salaries or other compensation of its employees (but excluding those
of a service provider, and costs of consultants, advisors and others retained to provide
services for SMC’s Private Funds or Managed Accounts).
Ancillary Fees or Income Earned by SMC
SMC and its affiliates may earn ancillary fees or income from services provided or related to
portfolio investments or in connection with prospective portfolio investments, such as,
without limitation: advisory fees, due diligence fees, structuring fees, servicing fees,
directors’ fees, break-up fees or any similar fees. Generally, the management fee borne by
the Private Fund investors participating in the investment to which such ancillary fees
directly relate, in the discretion of SMC, will be reduced by an amount of such ancillary fees.
Other types of fees paid to, or income earned by, SMC and its affiliates will not reduce the
management fee.
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Side Letter Agreements
SMC may enter into side letter arrangements with one or more Private Fund investors,
providing such investors with different or preferential rights or terms, including but not
limited to, different or preferential fee structures, co-investment rights, redemption, and
liquidity or transfer rights. Except as otherwise agreed with an investor or otherwise set out
in the Private Fund's offering documents or as required by law or governing regulation, SMC
or its affiliates are not required to disclose the terms of side letter arrangements with other
investors in the same Private Fund.
Fee Waivers
SMC, in its sole discretion, can negotiate, waive, or reduce any management fee or
performance-based fees, or calculate such fees differently, with respect to any client or
Private Fund investor, including, without limitation, any employee, related party or affiliate
of SMC.
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
SMC charges performance-based fees to its clients, which in all cases shall comply with the
provisions of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. However, SMC does not
charge a performance-based fee to all of its clients. In measuring clients’ assets for the
calculation of performance-based fees, SMC may in some instances include realized and
unrealized capital gains and losses. Performance-based fee arrangements can create an
incentive for SMC to recommend investments that may be riskier or more speculative than
those that would be recommended under a different fee arrangement. Such fee
arrangements also create an incentive to favor higher-fee-paying accounts over other
accounts in the allocation of investment opportunities. SMC follows procedures designed to
ensure that all clients are treated fairly and equitably and to prevent this conflict from
influencing the allocation of investment opportunities among clients.
For its advisory services, SMC FIM does not charge any performance-based fees.
Item 7 – Types of Clients
Investors in SMC’s Private Funds may include individuals, high-net-worth individuals, banks,
thrift institutions, corporations, pension and profit sharing plans, trusts, estates, or
charitable organizations. SMC also provides advice directly to a limited number of Managed
Accounts (which may include banks, trusts, insurance companies, or corporations) and
third-party portfolios.
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Investors in SMC’s Private Funds are generally required to make minimum initial
investments, depending on the Private Fund, of at least $100,000 to $5 million at the time of
subscription, subject to SMC’s right to accept lesser amounts. In addition, each Private Fund
maintains minimum subscription amount requirements, and investors should refer to the
applicable Private Fund offering documents for a complete description.
SMC FIM offers investment management services for institutional and high-net-worth
clients, including trusts. SMC FIM also provides portfolio consulting services to an asset
management firm. SMC FIM generally requires a minimum account size of $1 million, subject
to negotiation, for separately managed accounts. Wrap fee sponsors may have different
account minimums.
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
The Total Return and Private Capital groups employ a strategy of opportunistic investing,
while the Growth Equity and Social Impact groups follow more traditional growth and
private equity models. In addition, SMC Fixed Income Management invests Managed
Accounts in municipal securities with a broad range of maturities and credit ratings,
including both investment grade and below-investment grade.
SMC Private Funds
Opportunistic Investing in Traditional and Alternative Asset Classes
SMC employs an investment strategy of opportunistic exposure spanning the alternative
investment spectrum that includes both direct investments in securities and other assets as
well as investments in other hedge funds, private equity funds, private credit funds and
managed accounts managed by unaffiliated third parties. SMC seeks to capitalize on themes
that have secular tailwinds driving value or opportunities where value can be realized from
dislocations, structural inefficiencies, unique relationships with issuers or sponsors, and/or
situations where an information asymmetry exists.
For this opportunistic investment strategy, SMC sources ideas from its own research as well
as a large network of capital allocators, industry experts and capital introduction groups. The
path from investment idea to portfolio investment is multifaceted and requires a number of
steps in the underwriting process before an investment is made. The investment teams will
evaluate ideas on their individual merits and consider the optimal investment structure.
• Thesis
Each investment is underwritten with an investment thesis that addresses the
opportunity, the drivers of return and the macro/micro risks.
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• Structure
Investment structure matters. Each investment has dynamic risk and reward
characteristics, and SMC attempts to invest in the structure that provides the best
risk-adjusted return outlook,
including partnerships where outsourcing
investment expertise is deemed to be optimal.
• Market
Illiquidity has a cost. Valuations in public and private markets often differ, and
having the ability to take advantage of illiquidity premiums and time arbitrage can
enhance returns.
Investment
•
Once the underwriting process is successfully completed, the position is evaluated
relative to existing investments, return drivers and risk to determine appropriate
sizing and price targets.
The Private Funds that SMC manages utilizing this strategy are:
•
•
•
•
SMC Total Return Fund, LP;
SMC Private Capital Fund, LP;
SMC Private Capital Fund II, LP; and
SMC Holdings II, LP.
Total Return Fund
This fund’s opportunistic mandate is expected to result in a portfolio of idiosyncratic equity,
credit, and alternative investment strategies weighted toward a short- to medium-term
duration. When fully invested, it is expected to hold investments in approximately 40-50
unique situations with the intent of ensuring that “catalyst duration” is diversified. A
portfolio of investments with short, medium and longer-term durations is intended to
mitigate short-term market shocks, which are hard to predict.
Total Return Fund allocates capital opportunistically across key themes and idiosyncratic
investment opportunities.
Thematic Investments
The fund seeks exposure to themes SMC believes have long-term secular tailwinds
and risk/reward asymmetry. Investments within this bucket will include direct
(public and private) securities, mutual funds, ETFs, private credit, and long/short
equity hedge funds.
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Opportunistic Investments
The fund seeks to complement Thematic Investments with exposure to investment
strategies that SMC believes offer compelling risk/reward asymmetry often caused
by dislocations, out-of-favor sentiment, complexity, investment capacity, and/or
liquidity. This strategy is expected to have relatively low correlations to equity
markets, where the drivers of returns are generally not dependent on broader market
movements, and to other fund investments.
Private Capital Funds
SMC Private Capital and SMC Private Capital II are committed capital funds that consist of
the following components, with a target of approximately one-third of capital commitments
allocated to each:
Private credit funds
are intended to provide investors with high current cash yields
and enhanced returns through underwriting fees and warrants. The fund’s private
credit portfolio focuses on funds that make loans to small and mid-sized companies
through senior secured loans.
Special situations
include structured equity, direct and co-investments, mezzanine
loans and other subordinated debt.
Private equity funds
include small and mid-market buyout and growth equity funds
(under $500 million in size), along with a few select venture capital funds.
Holdings II Fund
This fund’s principal investment objective is to generate attractive, risk-adjusted returns,
principally by seeking to capitalize on market opportunities for orphaned investments
including equity securities, debt obligations, and other instruments. Holdings II Fund is
divided into separate classes, each of which has its own investment objective, terms and
investors. The investments made by this fund are either standalone ideas or co-investments
made alongside other Private Funds.
Growth Equity Group
Private Equity Investing
In addition to the multi-strategy Private Funds described above, SMC also manages Private
Funds that follow a more traditional private equity model, applying a growth equity strategy.
For this strategy, SMC has evolved from initially making co-investments across the full
private equity spectrum, including buyouts, recapitalizations, restructurings, mezzanine
15
financings, and growth capital, to now focusing on technology-enabled services and
healthcare companies. We focus on companies inadequately served by the capital markets
because of stage or geography. In particular, we invest in companies too early for traditional
growth equity investors. Growth equity firms typically invest in companies with over $15
million in revenues and seek to initially invest at least $20 million of equity capital. Many of
the companies we diligence are not candidates for venture capital investors either. VCs
invest in smaller companies but seek companies growing revenues at least 100% annually
with the potential to return the entire fund. Not every early-stage company, however, wants
to follow a VC mandate to grow at all costs and strive to achieve “unicorn status.” Many
operators at early-stage companies want to pursue a more measured growth strategy that
does not fit the mandates of a traditional VC firm. There is thus a large number of companies
that are underserved from a capital perspective. This capital gap is particularly acute outside
of the major metropolitan areas where the majority of VC investments are made. We source
the majority of our growth equity investment opportunities through our extensive network
of relationships and through targeted, active deal searches in the early-stage growth equity
market, where fewer professional resources are employed to market companies and raise
capital. The leadership team of SMC has created a broad and deep network of later-stage
investment firms, earlier-stage investment firms, service providers, industry consultants and
industry executives. We cultivate an active dialogue with our network, through which we are
able to surface proprietary opportunities. In addition to the broad reach of our network, our
Strategic Advisory Board provides SMC access to uncommon situations typically not known
to the broader investment market.
The following SMC Private Funds employ this strategy:
•
SMC Private Equity Holdings, LP;
•
SMC Growth Capital Partners II, LP; and
•
SMC Growth Capital Partners III, LP.
Growth Capital Partners II and its successor, Growth Capital Partners III, make growth equity
investments principally in technology-enabled and healthcare companies in North America.
In technology, they focus primarily on enterprise software companies, with a preference for
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) companies as well as businesses with ecosystem or data
advantages. Within healthcare, they focus primarily on healthcare IT and services
companies. SMC looks for companies that are underserved by existing capital providers
either because of stage of investment or geography, and then partners constructively with
them to bring its experience and networks to help accelerate value creation.
PE Holdings is divided into separate classes, each of which holds a co-investment that was
made alongside Growth Capital Partners II or Growth Capital Partners III.
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Social Impact Group
The WHIN Fund utilizes a more traditional private equity model to invest in early-stage,
high-impact entrepreneurship and to enable, catalyze and develop innovative companies,
jobs and talent in qualified opportunity zones. The fund seeks to achieve this goal by creating
and developing companies in life sciences, education technology, and complimentary areas
(such as amplifying technologies, and food ecosystem industries). The WHIN Fund is focused
on nurturing new companies, building a workforce, facilitating training and filling
employment positions within the WHIN ecosystem. WHIN taps into a wide range of synergies
that enable it to achieve its mission. WHIN team members are active participants and
investors in the companies the WHIN Fund helps develop throughout the lifecycle of the
companies.
The WHIN Fund invests across multiple stages of financing, focuses on platform-potential
companies with long-term value propositions. The fund utilizes both a builder and a studio
model of development. The WHIN team partners and actively works with local organizations
and key stakeholders to further its objectives and galvanize local support. The WHIN Fund’s
guiding investment and operational strategies are predicated on investability of ideas,
innovation, diversity, inclusivity, enablement, scalability, and alignment.
+++++++
The investment program of each SMC Private Fund could be considered speculative and
entails substantial risks. There can be no assurance that the investment objectives of any
Private Fund will be achieved, and results may vary substantially over time.
SMC Fixed Income Management
Investment Methodology and Strategy
SMC FIM generally invests client assets in municipal securities with a broad range of
maturities and credit ratings, including both investment grade and below-investment grade.
Municipal securities may include, but are not limited to:
•
Municipal Leases and Certificates of Participation;
•
Municipal Notes of various types;
•
Tax-Exempt Commercial Paper;
•
Pre-Refunded Municipal Securities;
•
Private Activity Bonds;
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•
Residual Interest Municipal Securities;
•
Tender Option Bonds;
•
Insured Municipal Securities;
•
Municipal Bonds with Credit Enhancements;
•
Zero and Stepped-Coupon Bonds;
•
Structured Notes; and
•
Hybrid Investments.
Research Process
SMC FIM can invest in municipal securities with a broad range of maturities and credit
ratings, including both investment grade and below-investment grade municipal securities.
In managing a client’s portfolio of municipal securities, SMC FIM adjusts the portfolio’s
duration and overall credit quality in light of changing market and economic conditions. In
making decisions with respect to specific municipal securities, SMC FIM employs an
approach driven primarily by proprietary research regarding prevailing interest rates,
economic fundamentals at both the national and state level, and in-depth credit research
conducted by its investment staff.
The two principal classifications of municipal securities are “general obligations” and
“revenue obligations.” General obligations are secured by the issuer’s pledge of its credit and
taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue obligations are payable from
the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the
proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source but not from the general taxing
power. SMC FIM considers both broad economic and issuer-specific factors in selecting a
portfolio designed to achieve the client’s investment objective. In assessing the appropriate
maturity, rating, and sector weightings of an account, SMC FIM considers a variety of factors
that are expected to influence economic activity and interest rates. Once SMC FIM determines
the preferable characteristics of its assets allocated to municipal securities, it selects
individual securities based upon the terms of the securities (such as yields compared to U.S.
Investment Thesis
Treasuries or comparable issues), liquidity and rating, sector, and issuer diversification.
SMC FIM attempts to identify investment grade and below-investment grade municipal
securities that are trading at attractive valuations relative to the evaluation of the issuer’s
creditworthiness and, with respect to private activity bonds, the profit potential of the
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corporation from which the revenue supporting the bonds is derived. SMC FIM’s overall
investment approach is both top-down and bottom-up, first seeking to identify the sectors
or regions of the municipal bond market that present the best relative value opportunities
and then basing the overall sector and regional weightings on that determination. After
establishing the overall regional and sector weightings, SMC FIM focuses on selecting those
Credit Management
securities within each sector or region that meet its fundamental criteria.
SMC FIM can invest client accounts in municipal securities with a broad range of credit
ratings, including both investment grade and below-investment grade municipal securities.
Securities of below-investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly
speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay
principal and are commonly referred to as “junk bonds” or “high yield securities.” They
involve greater risk of loss, are subject to greater price volatility, and are less liquid,
especially during periods of economic uncertainty or change, than higher rated municipal
securities.
SMC FIM will determine the allocation of a client’s portfolio assets among securities with
different credit ratings depending upon its evaluation of factors such as the spread between
the yields on municipal securities of different ratings, changes in default rates, general
economic conditions, and the outlook for fiscal issues facing municipal issuers. Generally, as
the spread between the yield on investment grade and below-investment grade securities
widens, SMC FIM may allocate a greater portion of assets to non-investment grade municipal
securities. If the spread based on relative credit quality narrows, SMC FIM may determine
that high yield municipal securities no longer offer a sufficient risk premium and may decide
to increase the average credit quality of the client’s portfolio. As the economy strengthens
and the default risk lessens, SMC FIM may increase investment in lower quality, non-
investment grade securities.
SMC FIM also seeks to mitigate the risks of investing in below-investment grade securities
through an approach driven primarily by fundamental research to assess an issuer’s credit
quality and the relative value of its securities. Moreover, with respect to below-investment
grade securities that are private activity bonds, SMC FIM may consider securities that are
backed by revenue from publicly traded companies. SMC FIM can invest in residual interest
municipal securities known as inverse floaters. Compared to similar fixed rate municipal
securities, the value of these securities will fluctuate to a greater extent in response to
changes in prevailing long-term interest rates. Moreover, the income earned on residual
interest municipal securities will fluctuate in response to changes in prevailing short-term
interest rates. Thus, when such securities are held, an increase in short- or long-term market
interest rates will adversely affect the income received from such securities. To the extent
19
an account has an issuer’s preferred shares; an increase in short-term rates would also result
in an increased cost of leverage, which would adversely affect the income of an account.
Duration
Duration is a measure of the expected life of a debt security that is used to determine the
sensitivity of the security’s price to changes in interest rates. The longer the duration of a
portfolio, the more sensitive it generally is to changes in interest rates. SMC FIM generally
will modify the average duration of a portfolio in response to market conditions and may
employ certain strategies to reduce a portfolio’s interest rate sensitivity, including
investments in interest rate swap or cap transactions. There is no assurance that SMC FIM
will do so or that such strategies will be successful.
SMC FIM generally will select municipal securities with a view to monitoring the duration of
a client’s portfolio of municipal securities, based primarily on its outlook for interest rates.
SMC FIM will consider economic trends, Federal Reserve Board actions, and capital markets
activity, among other factors, in developing its outlook for interest rates. SMC FIM believes
that maintaining duration at an appropriate level offers the potential for above-average
returns while limiting the risks of interest rate volatility.
Risk Management
The ability of a municipal issuer to meet its obligations on municipal securities (other than
private activity bonds) is subject to the risk that the municipal issuer of the securities will
not have sufficient revenues from taxes and other sources of income to pay interest and
repay principal on the municipal securities. The level of municipal income will be adversely
affected by various factors, including general economic activity, real estate values, and
changes in governmental expenses. The obligations of the issuer to pay the principal of and
interest on a municipal security are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency, and
other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the Federal Bankruptcy Act,
and laws, if any, that may be enacted by Congress or state legislatures extending the time for
payment of principal or interest or imposing other constraints upon the enforcement of such
obligations. There is also the possibility that, as a result of litigation or other conditions, the
power or ability of the issuer to pay when due the principal of or interest on a municipal
security will be materially affected.
The amount of public information available about the issuance of municipal securities is
generally less than that for corporate equities or bonds, and the investment performance of
client accounts will therefore be more dependent on the analytical abilities of SMC FIM than
if SMC FIM were managing stock or taxable bond accounts. The secondary market for
municipal bonds, particularly that of below-investment grade municipal securities in which
client accounts may be invested, also tends to be less well-developed or liquid than many
20
other securities markets, which will adversely affect the ability to sell municipal securities at
attractive prices.
Some municipal securities may be backed by letters of credit or other forms of credit
enhancement issued by domestic or foreign banks or by other financial institutions. The
credit quality of these banks and financial institutions could, therefore, cause a loss. Letters
of credit and other obligations of foreign banks and financial institutions involve risks in
addition to those of domestic obligations because of less publicly available financial and
other information, less securities regulation, potential imposition of foreign withholding, and
other taxes, war and expropriation, or other adverse governmental actions. Foreign banks
and their foreign branches are not regulated by U.S. banking authorities and are generally
not bound by the accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards applicable to U.S.
banks.
Risks of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear.
An investment in the Private Funds or SMC supervision of a Managed Account involves a high
degree of risk. There can be no assurance that a specific Private Fund’s investment objective
will be achieved or that the investors will receive a return of their capital. Client assets are
subject to various market, currency, economic, political, business, and other associated risks.
In addition, investment results may vary substantially on a weekly, monthly, quarterly and
annual basis.
Material Risks
Certain material risks presented by the strategies pursued by SMC are set forth below. Any
For Private Fund investors,
or all of such risks could materially and adversely affect investment performance and could
additional information related to risks is contained in the offering documents for each
cause investors to lose substantial amounts of money.
Private Fund. This Brochure does not purport to contain a complete disclosure of all
risks that are relevant to a prospective investor in a Private Fund or a Managed Account
.
•
Investor sentiment on the market, an industry or an individual stock, fixed income
or other security is not predictable and can adversely affect a Private Fund’s
investments.
•
A Private Fund may not achieve its investment objectives. A strategy may not be
successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
•
Some of the positions taken by SMC are in securities of small, unseasoned
companies that are less actively traded and more volatile than those of larger
21
companies.
•
SMC occasionally engages in short selling, resulting in a theoretically unlimited
risk of loss if the prices of the securities sold short increase.
•
Changes in economic conditions can adversely affect investment performance. At
times, economic conditions in the United States and elsewhere have deteriorated
significantly, resulting in volatile securities markets and large investment losses.
Government actions responding to these conditions could lead to inflation and
other negative consequences to investors.
•
Some Private Fund investments are concentrated positions. Therefore, a loss in
any one position, industry or sector in which a fund has invested may cause
significant losses.
•
Certain Private Funds are concentrated in securities of technology and growth
sector companies, many of which may have small-sized market capitalizations.
Those securities involve substantially higher risks than do investments in
securities of non-technology and growth sectors and larger companies.
•
SMC has invested in companies involved in (or that were the target of) special
situations such as acquisition attempts, liquidations, workouts, spin-offs and
other similar transactions. There is uncertainty concerning the outcome or
occurrence of these special situations and therefore any investment in such
companies entails an increased risk of loss.
•
Some of a clients’ positions may be or become illiquid, in which case SMC may not
be able to sell such positions.
•
SMC invests in emerging markets which involves additional risks not typically
associated with investing in more established economies or securities markets.
•
If the valuation of a Private Fund’s assets is inaccurate, SMC might receive more
compensation than that to which it is entitled, a new investor in a Private Fund
might receive an interest that is worth less than the investor paid and an investor
that is withdrawing assets might receive more than the amount to which the
investor is entitled, to the detriment of other investors.
•
SMC invests in securities of non-U.S. companies and funds. The risks of these
investments include: political risks; economic conditions of the country in which
the issuer is located; limitations on foreign investment in any such country;
currency exchange risks; withholding taxes; limited information about the issuer;
limited liquidity; and limited regulatory oversight.
22
•
SMC may use leverage by borrowing on margin or under credit facilities or by
investing in derivative instruments (such as options, swaps and futures) which
increases volatility and the adverse impact to which Private Funds may be subject.
•
SMC occasionally purchases and sells options on securities. The sale of options
could result in unlimited loss depending on actual price movement in the
underlying security.
•
A Private Fund may not be able to generate cash necessary to satisfy investor
withdrawals and redemptions. Substantial withdrawals and redemptions in a
short period could force SMC to liquidate investments too rapidly, and may so
reduce the size of a fund that it cannot generate returns or reduce losses.
•
Counterparties such as brokers, dealers, custodians and administrators with
which SMC does business on behalf of its Private Funds may default on their
obligations. For example, a fund may lose its assets on deposit with a broker if the
broker, its clearing broker or an exchange clearing house becomes bankrupt.
•
A Private Fund has the ability limit or suspend withdrawals or redemptions of an
investor’s assets from the fund, though we would expect this to occur only in very
limited circumstances.
•
SMC may provide certain investors or clients with more frequent or detailed
reports, special compensation arrangements and withdrawal redemption rights
that it does not provide to other investors or clients.
•
A Private Fund will establish a reserve for contingencies if SMC considers it
appropriate. Investors may not withdraw or redeem assets covered by that
reserve until it is lifted.
•
The Private Funds that SMC manages are not registered investment companies
under the 1940 Act. SMC believes that this registration is not required because an
exemption is available under applicable law. Investors in those Private Funds do
not have certain regulatory protection that they would have if this registration
was in place.
•
Federal, state and international governments may increase regulation of
investment advisers, private investment funds and derivative securities, which
could increase the time and resources that SMC would be required to devote to
regulatory compliance, to the detriment of investment activities.
•
The occurrence of a disaster such as a cyberattack, a natural catastrophe, a
pandemic, an industrial accident, a terrorist attack or war, events unanticipated
23
in SMC’s disaster recovery systems, or a support failure from external providers,
could have an adverse effect on the ability of SMC and its Private Funds to conduct
business and on their operations and financial condition, particularly if those
events affect SMC’s or its Private Funds’ computer-based data processing,
transmission, storage, and retrieval systems, or if these events destroy data. If a
significant number of SMC’s employees were unavailable in the event of a disaster,
the ability of SMC and its Private Funds to effectively conduct business would be
severely compromised.
•
SMC’s activities could cause adverse tax consequences to its clients and investors,
including liability for interest and penalties.
•
SMC and its affiliates could spend significant time on activities that compete with
a Private Fund, including investing for other clients and their own accounts. If SMC
receives better compensation and other benefits from managing some assets or
Private Funds compared to managing other Private Funds, it has an incentive to
allocate more time to those other activities. These factors could influence SMC not
to make investments on a Private Fund’s behalf even if such investments would
benefit the fund.
•
There is no assurance that the private companies that a Private Fund or other
client invests in will complete a public offering or be sold, with the consequence
that SMC may not be able to realize value on such positions for several years after
the date of the initial investment, if at all. In addition, a Private Fund likely will be
subject to lockup-up periods subsequent to an initial public offering or other
liquidity event that may restrict its ability to sell a position and distribute realized
gains.
•
In addition to being illiquid, private companies are subject to a number of other
risks, including, but not limited to: (i) high degree of business and financial risk
and potential need for additional capital; (ii) substantial variation in operating
results from period to period; (iii) additional funding requirements (which may
not be available) and potential dilution; and (iv) significant time required for
investments to mature and profits (if any) to be realized.
•
SMC’s Private Funds may be exposed to a variety of litigation risks, due to, for
example, actions that SMC or its personnel take as shareholders or as board
members of private companies. Those Private Funds may be required to
indemnify SMC and its personnel for their losses and defense costs and expenses
in connection with such litigation.
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The above is only a brief summary of some of the important risks that a client or investor
may encounter. Before deciding to invest in a Private Fund, you should consider carefully
all of the risk factors and other information in the fund’s offering documents.
Risks Specifically Associated with SMC Fixed Income Management
SMC FIM invests primarily in municipal fixed income securities. SMC FIM’s investment
strategies may be deemed to be a highly specialized investment, and they are not intended
as a complete investment program. They are designed only for sophisticated persons who
are able to bear the economic risk of the loss of their investment and who have a limited need
for liquidity in their investment.
The material risks presented by the strategies pursued by SMC FIM are set forth below. Any
or all of such risks could materially and adversely affect investment performance and could
cause investors to lose substantial amounts of money. This Brochure does not purport to
contain a complete disclosure of all risks that are relevant to a prospective investor in a
Managed Account.
• Call Risk
: Many bonds may be redeemed (“called”) at the option of the issuer
before their stated maturity date. In general, an issuer will call its bonds if they
can be refinanced by issuing new bonds which bear a lower interest rate. A
portfolio may then be forced to invest the unanticipated proceeds at lower
interest rates, resulting in a decline in a portfolio’s income.
• Credit Risk
: The issuer of a debt security or a guarantor of a security held by a
portfolio or counterparty to a transaction may default on its payment obligations
or experience a decline in credit quality. Generally, the lower the credit rating of a
security, issuer, guarantor or counterparty, the higher the degree of risk as to the
payment of interest and return of principal. Also, a downgrade in the credit quality
of a security or its issuer or guarantor may cause the security to decline in value
and could affect the bond’s liquidity and make it more difficult for a portfolio to sell.
When a portfolio purchases unrated securities, it will depend on our analysis of
credit risk without the assessment of an independent rating organization, such as
Moody’s or Standard & Poor’s. There is always the risk that our analysis of
creditworthiness is incorrect or may change due to market conditions.
• High-Yield Risk
: Debt securities rated below investment-grade, or if nonrated
determined to be of comparable quality by us, are commonly known as junk
bonds. Junk bonds are considered predominately speculative and involve greater
risk of default or price changes due to changes in the issuer’s creditworthiness. In
addition, there may be less of a market for these securities, which could make it
25
harder to sell them at an acceptable price. These and related risks mean that a
portfolio may not achieve the expected return from non-investment grade debt
securities and may be adversely affected by declines in the value of these
securities.
Income Risk
•
: The income a portfolio earns will decline due to declining interest
rates. This is because, in a falling interest rate environment, a portfolio generally
will have to invest the proceeds from maturing portfolio securities (or portfolio
securities that have been called, see “Call Risk” above) in lower-yielding securities.
Interest Rate Risk
•
: An increase in interest rates will cause debt securities held by
a portfolio to decline in value, and thereby lower a portfolio’s value and its overall
return. The magnitude of this decrease is often greater for longer-term fixed
income securities than shorter-term securities.
• Liquidity Risk
: The portfolio may not be able to sell certain debt securities with
more limited trading opportunities at a favorable price or time, including high
yield securities that have received ratings below investment grade. Recent events
have caused the markets for some debt securities to experience lower valuations
and reduced liquidity. Consequently, a portfolio will have to accept a lower price
to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash, or give up an investment
opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on a portfolio’s
performance. Infrequent trading may also lead to greater price volatility.
• Management Risk
: A portfolio’s performance will reflect in part our ability to
implement its investment strategy and make investment decisions that are suited
to achieving a portfolio’s investment objective. A strategy used by us may fail to
produce the intended results. A portfolio could underperform its benchmark.
• Market Risk
: The market value of securities will fall or fail to rise. Market risk may
affect a single issuer, sector of the economy, industry, or the market as a whole.
fluctuate, sometimes rapidly and
The market value of securities will
unpredictably. The market for some types of securities is highly competitive.
Portfolios will be competing for investment opportunities with a significant
number of financial institutions and institutional investors. Many of these
competitors are larger and have greater financial, human and other resources and
may in certain circumstances have a competitive advantage over the portfolio
managed by us. As a result of this competition, there may be fewer attractively
priced investment opportunities, which could have an adverse impact on the
ability of a portfolio to meet its investment objectives or the length of time that is
required for a portfolio to become fully invested. There can be no assurance that
the returns on a portfolio’s investments will be commensurate with the risk.
26
• Non-diversification Risk
: A portfolio that is non-diversified, as is typical of single-
state municipal bond portfolio, will invest a larger portion of its assets in a limited
number of issuers than a diversified portfolio. Because a relatively high
percentage of a portfolio’s assets may be invested in the securities of a limited
number of issuers, the portfolio may be more susceptible to any single economic,
political or regulatory occurrence than a diversified fund.
• Political, Economic and Tax Risk
: The value of, the income generated by, and the
ability of a portfolio to sell a municipal security may be affected by constitutional
amendment, legislative enactments, executive orders, administrative regulations
and voter initiatives as well as the economics of the regions in which the issuers
in which a portfolio invests are located. Municipal securities backed by current or
anticipated revenues from a specific project or asset, such as revenue bonds, can
be negatively affected by the discontinuance of the taxation supporting the project
or assets or the inability to collect revenues for the project or from the assets. The
value of municipal securities also may be adversely affected by future changes in
federal or state income tax laws, including rate reductions, the imposition of a flat
tax, or the loss of a current state income tax exemption. If the Internal Revenue
Service determines that an issuer of a municipal security has not complied with
applicable tax requirements, interest from the security could be treated as taxable,
which could result in a decline in the security’s value. To the extent that a
municipal security in which a portfolio invests is not heavily followed by the
investment community or such security issue is relatively small, the security may
be difficult to value or sell at a fair price.
• Prepayment and Extension Risk
: Declining interest rates will likely compel
borrowers to prepay debt obligations owned by a portfolio. The proceeds received
by a portfolio from prepayments will likely be reinvested at interest rates lower
than the original investment, thus resulting in a reduction of income to the
portfolio. Likewise, rising interest rates could reduce prepayments and extend the
life of securities with lower interest rates, which may increase the sensitivity of a
portfolio’s value to rising interest rates.
• Valuation Risk
: The portfolio may hold securities for which prices from pricing
services may be unavailable or are deemed unreliable. There is a risk that the fair
value determined by the custodian or us or the price determined by the pricing
service may be different than the actual sale prices of such securities.
The risk of loss described herein should not be considered to be an exhaustive list of all
the risks that clients should consider. Clients should consider the specialized nature of
investing in municipal fixed income securities and the risks that such investments bear.
27
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information
Registered investment advisers are required to disclose all material facts regarding any legal
or disciplinary events that would be material to your evaluation of SMC or the integrity of its
management. SMC has no information applicable to this Item.
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Certain of SMC’s clients with individually Managed Accounts also invest in the Private Funds.
Absent specific authority, SMC does not exercise discretionary authority with respect to such
clients’ decisions to invest in the Private Funds. However, SMC typically waives its fees for
any client assets invested in the Private Funds through a Managed Account, pursuant to
SMC’s discretionary authority.
Board of Directors Positions
Certain employees of SMC, in their separate capacities, serve as members of Boards of
Directors for either publicly-traded or privately-held companies. In some cases, these
individuals receive compensation for their roles as Board Members. In addition, certain
employees are appointed as Board Members of certain companies in which SMC holds
investments. SMC has established written policies and procedures for insider trading that
prohibit any shareholder, officer or employee of SMC from buying or selling these securities
for any personal or client portfolio(s) based on material, non-public information.
Item 11 – Code of Ethics
Code
SMC strives to adhere to the highest industry standards of conduct based on principles of
professionalism, integrity, honesty, and trust. In seeking to meet these standards, SMC has
adopted a Code of Ethics (the “
”). The Code incorporates the following general
principles that all employees are expected to uphold, and sets forth sanctions for violations
of such principles. Employees must at all times place the interests of clients first; all personal
securities transactions must be conducted in a manner consistent with the Code and any
actual or potential conflicts of interest or any abuse of an employee’s position of trust and
responsibility must be avoided; employees must not take any inappropriate advantage of
their positions; information concerning the identity of securities and financial circumstances
of the Private Funds or Managed Accounts, including the Private Funds’ investors, must be
kept confidential; and independence in the investment decision-making process must be
maintained at all times.
28
The Code also places restrictions on personal trading by employees, including a requirement
that they disclose their personal securities holdings and transactions to SMC on a periodic
basis and a prohibition on trading securities that are on SMC’s Restricted List. The Code also
addresses the following potential conflicts: (i) employee investment in initial public offerings
and private placements; (ii) outside activities; (iii) rumor dissemination; (iv) gifts and
business entertainment; and (v) political contributions.
Insider Trading
Policies
SMC also maintains Insider Trading policies and procedures (the “
”) that are designed to prevent the misuse of material, non-public information. SMC’s
personnel are required to certify as to their compliance with the Code, including the Insider
Trading Policies, on a periodic basis.
SMC will provide a copy of the Code to any client or prospective client upon request and may
choose to provide a copy to clients or prospective clients.
Restrictions Due to Inside Information
Inside Information
SMC’s Insider Trading Policies prohibit SMC and its personnel from trading for the Private
Funds and Managed Accounts or themselves, or recommending trading, in securities of a
company while in possession of material, non-public information (“
”)
about the company and from disclosing such information to any person not entitled to
receive it. By reason of its various activities, SMC may have access to Inside Information or
be restricted from effecting transactions in certain investments that might otherwise have
been initiated. SMC has designed and implemented policies and procedures reasonably
designed to shield its investment professionals in most cases from access to Inside
Information so that investment decisions are made on the basis of public information only.
Among other things, such policies seek to control and monitor the flow of Inside Information
to and within SMC, as well as prevent trading based on Inside Information. Accordingly, SMC
may not have access to Inside Information that other market participants or counterparties
are eligible to receive.
Notwithstanding such policies and procedures, there will be certain cases where SMC either
receives Inside Information due to its various activities on behalf of itself or the Private
Funds and Managed Accounts or may be restricted in acting for the Private Funds or
Managed Accounts, resulting in limited liquidity or using such information for the benefit of
certain clients in specific securities. SMC seeks to minimize those cases whenever possible,
consistent with applicable law and our Insider Trading Policies, but there can be no
assurance that such efforts will be successful and that such restrictions will not occur.
SMC may purchase securities from, or sell securities to, related persons for the benefit of the
Private Funds and Managed Accounts. All such transactions will be effected in compliance
with applicable law, including regulations and interpretations of the Securities and Exchange
29
Commission under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. Subject to applicable
restrictions under ERISA as well as Private Fund and Managed Account investment
guidelines and restrictions, SMC may effect rebalancing or internal cross transactions
between the Private Funds. In such cases, one Private Fund will purchase securities held by
another Private Fund. SMC effects these transactions at a predetermined time, generally after
the close of the market on the last business day of each month, pursuant to a formula that
will result in the Private Fund’s holding substantially similar securities relative to each
Private Fund’s net asset value. SMC effects these transactions based on the then current
independent market price and consistent with valuation procedures established by SMC.
Neither SMC nor any related party receives any compensation in connection with these
rebalancing transactions. These cross transactions generally will be made without brokerage
commissions being charged. When effecting cross transactions between the Private Funds
and Managed Accounts, SMC will have a potentially conflicting division of loyalties and
responsibilities with respect to each participating Private Fund and Managed Account. To
the extent that such transactions are viewed as principal transactions due to the ownership
interest in the Private Fund by SMC and its personnel, SMC will comply with the
requirements of Section 206(3) of the Advisers Act, through written notice to the Private
Fund’s investors or to an independent representative or advisory board of the Private Fund,
as provided in the Fund Offering Documents of the transaction and obtain the consent of the
Private Fund by receiving the consent of the applicable investors int eh Private Fund or the
consent of an independent representative or advisory board of the Private Fund.
In addition, SMC may invest the assets of the Private Funds or Managed Accounts it advises
with other Private Funds that SMC advises. To the extent that a Private Fund or Managed
Account’s assets are invested in another Private Fund advised by SMC, the target Private
Fund will waive any fees or other compensation payable to SMC or its affiliates in connection
with such investment.
Investment Activities of SMC and its Personnel
SMC’s Compliance team monitors and reviews the employees’ accounts for compliance with
SMC’s personal trading policies as detailed in the Code of Ethics. Employees must obtain
written approval before acquiring for a personal account any securities as part of an initial
public offering or a limited offering (i.e., an offering that is exempt from registration under
the Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(2), Section 4(6), Rule 504, Rule 505, or Rule 506
thereunder).
As a result of employee investing in some of SMC’s Private Funds, such funds are considered
to be proprietary funds of SMC due to ownership percentages equaling or exceeding 25%.
However, no preferential treatment is given to such funds due to the fact that they have an
inherent conflict of interest. In addition, any such investments in such Private Funds are
30
made in conformity with SMC’s policies and procedures regarding investments by SMC’s
personnel. Potential conflicts may also arise due to the fact that advisory affiliates have
investments in some Private Funds but not in others or have different levels of investments
in the various Private Funds, and because the Private Funds and Managed Accounts pay
different levels of fees to SMC. These policies and procedures include comprehensive
guidelines regarding the use of confidential information and personal trading. It is SMC’s
policy that personnel involved in investment decision-making must act in the best interests
of clients before acting in their own best interests.
Additional Considerations
Advisory Affiliates
” and, collectively, the “
From time to time, various potential and actual conflicts of interest arise from the overall
Advisory Affiliate
advisory, investment, and other activities of SMC, its affiliates, and personnel (each an
“
”). SMC has established
policies and procedures to monitor and resolve conflicts and will endeavor to resolve
conflicts with respect to investment opportunities in a manner it deems equitable to the
extent possible under the prevailing facts and circumstances. The Advisory Affiliates may
invest on behalf of themselves in securities and other instruments that would be appropriate
for, held by, or fall within the investment guidelines of the Private Funds or the Managed
Accounts. These activities may adversely affect the prices and availability of other securities
or instruments held by or potentially considered for one or more Private Funds or Managed
Accounts.
In addition, SMC may give advice or take action with respect to the investments of one or
more Private Funds or Managed Accounts that may not be given or taken with respect to
other Private Funds with similar investment programs, objectives, and strategies.
Accordingly, Private Funds or Managed Accounts with similar strategies may not hold the
same securities or instruments or achieve the same performance. SMC may also advise
Private Funds or Managed Accounts with conflicting programs, objectives, or strategies.
These activities may also adversely affect the prices and availability of other securities or
instruments held by or potentially considered for one or more Private Funds. Finally, SMC
and its personnel may have conflicts in allocating their time and services among the Private
Funds and Managed Accounts. SMC will devote as much time to each Private Fund or
Managed Account as SMC deems appropriate to perform its duties in accordance with its
management agreements.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
Use of Third-Party Investment Products
Part of SMC's investment strategy for client accounts focuses on exposure to other third-
party managed hedge funds and private equity funds. This creates a conflict of interest since
31
SMC may have a preference or bias towards recommending certain third-party managed
funds over others that are available for clients. In addition, SMC's own business interests may
influence its decision, in the future, of whether to discontinue offering its clients available
third-party investment products versus recommending its own proprietary funds. SMC, in its
sole discretion, may choose to discontinue using available third-party investment products
for client portfolios, and may recommend its own proprietary investment products, to the
extent deemed appropriate for the client's investment objective.
Limited Partner Advisory Committee
Generally, each Private Fund has the power to establish an advisory committee consisting of
certain representatives of investors who are appointed by certain limited partners of the
fund. A conflict of interest exists when some but not all investors are permitted to designate
a member to the advisory committee. The advisory committee has the ability to resolve and
approve conflicts of interests with respect to SMC or the general partner and the applicable
Private Fund, which could be disadvantageous to the investors, including those investors
who do not have the opportunity to designate a member to the advisory committee. Advisory
committee members are also entitled to the benefit of certain indemnification and
exculpation provisions under the relevant Limited Partnership Agreement.
Clawback Obligations
SMC or its associated general partner is typically required to return excess amounts of
carried interest to a Private Fund via a clawback. A clawback obligation creates an incentive
for the fund’s general partner to defer disposition of one or more investments or delay the
liquidation of a Private Fund if a more immediate disposition and/or liquidation would result
in a realized loss to the Private Fund, or would otherwise result in a clawback situation for
the general partner. Conversely, this clawback obligation creates an incentive for the general
partner to accelerate disposition of one or more investments or the liquidation of a Private
Fund if this would enable the general partner to receive a carried interest and avoid a
clawback obligation even if delaying the disposition or liquidation (and holding the
underlying assets for longer) would realize a greater return for the Private Fund and its
underlying investors. Irrespective of these conflicts, SMC's main goal is to seek attractive
risk-adjusted returns for investors over the long-term life of each Private Fund.
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices
Spring Mountain Capital’s Brokerage Practices
Best Execution
32
SMC’s overriding objective in effecting portfolio transactions is to obtain the best
combination of price and execution. SMC seeks to effect each transaction at a price and
commission that provides the most favorable total cost or proceeds reasonably attainable
under the circumstances. SMC considers various factors when selecting a broker or dealer,
including, but not limited to, the nature of the portfolio transaction, the size of the
transaction, the broker’s reliability, the quality of the broker’s execution services, the
broker’s financial condition, commission rates on agency transactions, the execution quality,
clearing and settlement capabilities of the broker or dealer, the desired timing of the
transactions, confidentiality, and the circumstances under which the general brokerage
(execution-related) and research services are provided. Research and execution-related
services are provided in the form of written reports, telephonic communications, data feeds,
software (including software providing securities analysis functions), analyst earnings
revisions, etc., and they contain information concerning securities markets, the economy,
individual companies, pricing information and services, performance studies, and other
information providing assistance in the performance of SMC’s investment decision-making
responsibilities.
Merrill Lynch
Due to the relatively small size of SMC’s Private Funds that invest in public securities, SMC
has not been able to arrange for the creation of prime brokerage accounts that would
facilitate trading on a best execution basis through multiple brokers. As such, these Private
Funds have opened select brokerage trading accounts with counterparties for strategic and
economic reasons. For example, a Private Fund may elect to open an account with a
brokerage firm to access allocations to targeted investments. SMC Private Funds that more
actively trade public securities will endeavor to open accounts that consider the following
factors: the broker’s reliability, the quality of the broker’s execution services, the broker’s
financial condition, commission rates on agency transactions, the execution quality, clearing
and settlement capabilities of the broker or dealer, the desired timing of the transactions,
confidentiality, and the circumstances under which the general brokerage (execution-
related) and research services are provided. Some transactions for these Private Funds are
placed through Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (“
”), where
Merrill Lynch acts as custodian and executing broker for transactions. It should be
understood that by trading through Merrill Lynch, SMC does not negotiate commissions on
a case-by-case basis or obtain volume discounts, and best execution is not always achieved.
Investors in SMC’s Private Funds should also be aware that John L. Steffens’ son, Drew C.
Steffens, is the executing broker of record at Merrill Lynch and receives compensation
related to his execution of SMC trades, which creates a conflict of interest.
33
Trade Allocation
Allocation Policy
”) in accordance with
SMC maintains a written allocation policy (the “
which it allocates investment opportunities among the Private Funds and Managed Accounts
on a fair and equitable basis, to the extent practical and in accordance with such Private
Funds’ and Managed Accounts’ applicable investment strategies, over a period of time.
Investment opportunities will generally be allocated among those accounts for which
participation in the respective opportunity is considered appropriate, taking into account,
among other considerations: (i) whether the risk-return profile of the proposed investment
is consistent with an account’s objectives; (ii) the potential for the proposed investment to
create an imbalance (e.g., a higher concentration of investments in a particular position,
sector, or region than SMC considers optimal) in an account’s portfolio; (iii) the liquidity
requirements of an account; (iv) potentially adverse tax consequences; (v) regulatory
restrictions that would or could limit an account’s ability to participate in a proposed
investment; (vi) the need to re-size risk in an account’s portfolio; (vii) the preemptive rights
of certain other accounts managed by SMC pursuant to the terms of their offering documents;
(viii) which investment team within SMC originated the opportunity; and (ix) with respect
to follow-on investments, the participation rights of the accounts that made the original
investments. SMC may modify the Allocation Policy, and its procedures used to implement
the Allocation Policy, at any time and from time to time without notice to, or the consent of,
investors.
In particular, certain Private Funds may have priority with respect to investments in certain
sectors or strategies by the terms of their offering documents. In addition, if an investment
opportunity has limited capacity, priority may be given to the accounts that are managed by
the investment team within SMC that originated the opportunity, which could have the effect
of giving some accounts priority with respect to some opportunities and not receiving an
allocation at all with respect to other opportunities. Furthermore, when a Private Fund or
Managed Account is ramping up its investment or trading strategies, it may receive larger
allocations of certain securities than other accounts in order to obtain its desired risk and
portfolio size.
SMC has no obligation to purchase or sell an investment for, enter into a transaction on behalf
of, or provide an investment opportunity to, a Private Fund or Managed Account solely
because it purchases or sells the same investment for, enters into a transaction on behalf of,
or provides an opportunity to, another Private Fund or Managed Account if, in its reasonable
opinion, such investment, transaction or investment opportunity does not appear to be
suitable, practicable or desirable for such Private Fund or Managed Account.
Individual issues associated with different types of investments and trades are as follows:
34
Equity, Domestic & International: The purchase and sale of equities are generally done
for accounts with similar investment objectives at the same time. Partial or complete fills
of orders are allocated evenly, on a percentage basis, based on the clients’ original levels
of participation in the order at the daily average price with each broker. Additional
consideration is also given for the cash position, the incurrence of expensive minimum
brokerage fees for minimal allocation actions, and any special client requests for cash
balance usages. Partially filled orders necessitate the use of judgment to keep client
accounts balanced (i.e., to even out distribution so as not to disadvantage any one client
versus another).
pro rata
pro rata
pro rata
Fixed Income, Domestic & International: In the circumstance in which an order is only
partially filled on the date of placement, all accounts designated generally shall be
based upon the amounts originally
allocated an interest in the transaction
in the case
ordered for each account. Securities in a trade might not be allocated
allocation
of a partial fill in which such a small amount has been transacted that
among accounts would result, in the trader’s judgment, in non-meaningful allocation for
particular accounts. In such cases, the trader will use his best efforts to allocate such de
minimis amounts to the various accounts on a rotational basis.
American Depositary Receipt – ADR: American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), also known
as American depositary shares, are receipts for the shares of a foreign-based
corporation’s securities held in the vault of a U.S. bank and that entitle the shareholder to
all dividends and capital gains of such security. Instead of buying shares of a foreign-
based company’s security in overseas markets, Americans can buy shares in the United
States in the form of an ADR. ADRs are available for hundreds of stocks. ADRs make
trading foreign securities in the U.S. easier by eliminating currency exchange, legal
obstacles, foreign ownership transfers, and the need to trade on a foreign exchange.
While an ADR removes direct foreign currency ownership, the value of the ADR share is
still impacted by changes in the U.S. dollar to foreign currency exchange rate. Certain of
the Private Funds may trade ADRs, which again will be allocated to accounts in an
equitable manner over time.
to
trade
in
the
International Equity Transaction Costs: International equity transaction costs are
calculated by basis points instead of the standard U.S. cents per share and, as such, the
transaction costs and cents per share cost
international
exchanges/markets could be greater than the competitive transaction costs available in
the U.S. exchanges/markets.
Trade Errors: In connection with Private Funds and Managed Accounts, SMC may
experience errors with respect to trades made on behalf of clients. Errors can occur either
in the investment decision-making process or in the trading process. Errors in both
35
the investment decision-making process and trading are referred to as “trade errors.”
SMC endeavors to detect trade errors prior to settlement and correct them in an
expeditious manner.
Soft Dollars: SMC does not have, and does not anticipate having, any third-party soft
dollar arrangements.
IPO Participation: The Private Funds managed by SMC may participate in “New Issues”
as defined under Rule 5130 of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and allocate
those proceeds related to “New Issues” to eligible investors. Managed Accounts that are
eligible for “New Issues” as defined by Rule 5130 can fully participate indirectly in
investments by underlying funds.
SMC Fixed Income Management’s Brokerage Practices
For its fixed income management services, SMC FIM selects broker-dealers to effect
transactions on the basis of best execution under the circumstances. “Best execution” does
not necessarily mean effecting transactions at the lowest possible commission rate,
transaction cost or price, but could include a number of other factors mentioned herein.
SMC FIM seeks to effect transactions at a price, commission, and transaction cost (e.g., mark-
up or mark-down) that provides the most favorable total cost or proceeds reasonably
attainable under the circumstances. With the exception of portfolio consulting clients (i.e.,
AAM) where SMC FIM does not execute client transactions, SMC FIM has discretion to
determine without obtaining prior consent from clients the broker or dealer to execute
transactions and the commission rates or commission equivalents (i.e., mark-ups or mark-
downs) charged for trading.
Broker Selection
In selecting broker-dealers to effect clients’ transactions, SMC FIM seeks to obtain best
execution under the circumstances, taking into consideration, among other factors, the
broker-dealers’:
•
ability to effect prompt and reliable executions at favorable prices;
•
operational efficiency with which transactions are effected, taking into account
the size of order and difficulty of execution;
•
financial strength;
•
integrity and stability;
•
commitment of capital to facilitate transactions;
36
•
quality, comprehensiveness, and frequency of available research and related
services considered to be of value; and
•
competitiveness of commission rates and dealer spreads in comparison with
other broker-dealers.
Clients’ transactions may involve specialized services on the part of a broker-dealer, which
may justify higher commissions (and mark-ups or mark-downs) than would be the case for
more routine services.
Cross-Trades
From time-to-time, SMC FIM may effect a purchase of a security for one or more clients at
the same time as a sale of the same security for another client. Such transactions may be
effected to rebalance the positions held in clients’ portfolios in order to achieve more
uniform results across clients, to take into account clients’ cash flows, or to comply with
investment guidelines and restrictions. Such transactions, at SMC FIM’s discretion, will
generally be effected between the bid/ask spread, at the closing price for the security, or on
Research and Brokerage Services
some other fair and reasonable basis.
Soft Dollars
SMC FIM does not obtain third-party research services or products with clients’ commissions
(“
”).
As is customary in the industry, broker-dealers may provide their own proprietary research
to investment advisers, including SMC FIM. Generally, trading mark-ups and mark-downs
paid to these broker-dealers to execute transactions include the cost to receive their
proprietary research and other brokerage services.
While SMC FIM uses proprietary research to benefit all clients in its investment decision-
making or trade execution process, clients whose transactions are used to pay for
proprietary research and brokerage services in a particular instance will not necessarily
receive the direct benefit of this research or brokerage services, while clients who do not pay
for these services will receive the benefit. SMC FIM believes that proprietary research and
brokerage services assist it in its investment decision-making and trade execution processes
for the benefit of all clients without regard to whether the client who provides the
transactions receives the direct benefit (as that client may receive the benefit when another
client’s transactions are used to pay for these services). SMC FIM is not required to weigh
any of these factors equally. Research services received are in addition to and not in lieu of
services required to be performed by SMC FIM, and SMC FIM’s management fees are not
reduced as a consequence of the receipt of such supplemental research information.
37
Proprietary research services obtained with clients’ transactions
include written
information and analyses concerning specific securities, municipal obligors, or sectors;
market, financial, and economic studies and forecasts; statistics and pricing or appraisal
services; and access to research analysts and company executives, along with hardware,
software, data bases, and other technical and telecommunication services, lines, and
equipment utilized in the investment management process.
SMC FIM’s Brokerage Committee, consisting of the Company’s portfolio managers, traders,
and Chief Compliance Officer, reviews and approves, among others, broker-dealers through
whom transactions are executed and information with respect to the trading activity placed
Aggregation and Allocation
with these brokers.
SMC FIM security transactions are generally aggregated when possible and allocated among
clients, taking into consideration a number of factors including, but not limited to, the
available cash, portfolio structure, tax, or regulatory considerations and different investment
programs that focus on particular strategies, timing, or sectors.
pro rata
SMC FIM, in its discretion, will aggregate orders in the same security for clients transacting
in that security and will generally allocate the securities or proceeds arising as a result of the
on an average price basis among
transactions (and the related transaction expenses)
the clients in the order.
SMC FIM believes that by aggregating orders, transaction costs will be reduced. However, in
certain instances, average pricing may result in higher or lower total net execution price than
would otherwise be obtainable by effecting client transactions separately. SMC FIM believes
Payment for Client Referrals
that aggregating orders contributes to best execution.
From time to time, broker-dealers and their employees may refer potential clients to SMC
FIM. It is SMC FIM’s policy not to direct transactions and commissions to these broker-
dealers as compensation for such referrals. However, SMC FIM, in its discretion, may effect
transactions through these broker-dealers, provided they are able to provide best execution
under the circumstances.
Directed Brokerage
See Item 14 below for additional information with respect to payment for client referrals.
SMC FIM does not accept clients’ instructions to effect some or all of their transactions with
certain broker-dealers.
38
Trade Errors
From time to time, a trade error may occur. For example, trade errors may happen as a result
of effecting the incorrect amount of securities (e.g., 10,000 bonds were purchased when the
intention was to purchase 1,000 bonds), transactions were effected in the wrong client
account, the order was to buy bonds but bonds were sold, and for other reasons. When trade
errors occur, SMC’s policy is to correct the error promptly. In the event that SMC FIM caused
the error, SMC FIM will make the client whole for the loss unless the equities of the situation
will cause an unjust enrichment for the client. If the client caused the error (e.g., the client
advised SMC FIM that a certain amount of funds would be wired to the account on a certain
day, but a substantially smaller amount was wired or the funds were not wired and SMC FIM
acted upon the client’s statement), the client will bear the error. If a third party caused the
error (e.g., SMC FIM properly gave trade instructions to a broker-dealer but the broker-
dealer executed the order incorrectly), SMC FIM will take steps to collect from the third party
the amount necessary to make the client whole; however, there is no guarantee that SMC FIM
Principal and Agency Cross-Transactions
will be successful in recuperating such funds, in which case the client will bear the loss.
“Principal transactions” are generally defined as transactions where an adviser, acting as
principal for its own account or the account of an affiliated broker-dealer, buys from or sells
any security to any advisory client.
An “agency cross transaction” is defined as a transaction where a person acts as an
investment adviser in relation to a transaction in which the investment adviser, or any
person controlled by or under common control with the investment adviser, acts as broker
for both the advisory client and for another person on the other side of the transaction.
Agency cross transactions may arise where an adviser is dually registered as a broker-dealer
or has an affiliated broker-dealer.
SMC FIM does not effect transactions as principal and is neither registered as, nor is affiliated
with, a broker-dealer.
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Item 13 – Review of Accounts
Reviews
SMC
SMC generally performs periodic reviews of the portfolios of its Private Funds and Managed
Accounts on a regular basis. . The review process includes an ongoing consideration of major
market and economic developments and their effects on the securities held in the clients’
portfolios. In addition, the review process involves a review and analysis of the performance
of the individual positions held in each portfolio, the performance of the entire portfolio of
securities held generally, and the risks inherent in the individual positions and portfolio as a
whole. The portfolio managers (Managing Directors) responsible for each Private Fund and
SMC FIM
Managed Account lead these reviews.
SMC FIM’s Chief Investment Officer (CIO) monitors the clients’ portfolios to ensure
consistency with SMC FIM’s investment processes and conformity with the clients’ objectives
and guidelines. Positions, potential investments, cash, and other portfolio parameters are
reviewed on a regular basis. In addition, the CIO and portfolio managers meet with SMC FIM’s
research analyst on a regular basis to review positions in detail and to consider investment
opportunities.
Reports
SMC
Each of the Private Funds prepares and mails to each client a financial report audited by such
Private Fund’s independent auditors as soon as reasonably practicable after the end of each
fiscal year. Clients also receive unaudited performance reports at least quarterly. With
respect to each of the Domestic Funds, each client receives tax information that is necessary
for the completion of such client’s U.S. tax returns.
Performance results for Managed Accounts are calculated on at least a quarterly basis and
SMC FIM
reported to the client as soon as reasonably practicable.
SMC FIM may, upon request, provide clients with monthly and/or quarterly account reports
and/or statements that include portfolio holdings, transactions, and performance
information.
Investors in UITs sponsored by AAM receive the respective funds’ reports from these funds.
40
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation
SMC from time to time utilizes third-party placement agents that receive compensation that
will be borne either by SMC or by the investor for referring investors to the Private Fund or
other investment vehicles managed by SMC.
In the event that SMC were to pay referral fees to unaffiliated parties, such fees would be
paid in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-1 of the Investment Advisers Act
of 1940 and the rules set forth by the applicable state regulator. SMC would execute a written
agreement between itself and the solicitor and/or the referring party. Clients referred
through such arrangements will receive from the solicitor a copy of SMC’s Form ADV Part 2
and a copy of the disclosure document describing the terms and conditions of the solicitation
arrangement, including the compensation paid to the solicitor. Generally, the compensation
paid to the solicitor from SMC would be based upon the SMC revenue (fees) generated by the
client accounts referred by the referring solicitor.
SMC has entered into agreements on behalf of its Private Funds with certain broker-dealers
that act as custodians on behalf of such Private Funds. From time to time, SMC’s personnel
may speak at conferences and programs for potential investors interested in investing in
hedge funds that are sponsored by those prime brokers. These conferences and programs
are a means by which SMC can be introduced to potential investors in the Private Funds.
Currently, neither SMC nor the Private Funds compensate prime brokers for organizing such
“capital introduction” events or for any investments ultimately made by prospective
investors attending such events (although either may do so in the future). While such events
and other services provided by a prime broker may influence SMC in deciding whether to
use such prime broker in connection with brokerage, financing, and other activities of the
Private Funds, SMC will not commit to allocating a particular amount of brokerage to a
broker-dealer in any such situation.
Item 15 – Custody
SMC does not serve as the qualified custodian of any of the assets owned by the Private
Funds. SMC is deemed to have custody of the assets of each Private Fund. SMC satisfies the
applicable regulatory requirements related to custody by, among other things, ensuring that
each Private Fund is subject to an annual audit by an independent, PCAOB–registered and
examined accounting firm and that such audited financial statements are provided to the
investors in each Private Fund within 120 days (or 180 days in the case of funds of funds) of
the applicable Private Fund’s fiscal year end.
Separate account clients of SMC should receive at least quarterly statements from the
broker-dealer, bank, or other qualified custodian that holds and maintains clients’
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investment assets. SMC urges clients to carefully review such statements and compare such
official custodial records to the account statements that we provide to them. SMC statements
may vary from custodial statements based on accounting procedures, reporting dates, or
valuation methodologies of certain securities.
Item 16 – Investment Discretion
As noted in Item 4, SMC and SMC FIM have full discretionary authority to manage the Private
Funds and Managed Accounts (and a small number of accounts that they manage on a non-
discretionary basis), including authority to make decisions with respect to which securities
are bought and sold, the amount and price of those securities, the brokers or dealers to be
used for a particular transaction, and commissions or markups and markdowns paid. Where
SMC or SMC FIM has retained a Sub-Manager, the Sub-Manager will typically manage any
such investments on a discretionary basis. SMC’s authority is limited by its own internal
policies and procedures and the investment guidelines of each Private Fund and Managed
Account.
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities
The SEC has adopted Rule 206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act. Under this rule, a registered
investment adviser that exercises voting authority over client securities is required to
implement proxy voting policies and describe those policies to its clients. Although some
matters voted on by SMC might not be considered conventional “proxy votes” for issuers of
listed equity securities, SMC applies the basic requirements of Rule 206(4)-6 to its votes
nevertheless.
To the extent SMC’s Private Funds invest in underlying funds, SMC has authority to vote on
matters relating to, or give approval/consent to amendments proposed by, such underlying
funds. However, SMC does not have proxy voting authority with respect to issuers of
securities in which the underlying funds invest.
SMC also provides investment advisory services to Managed Accounts. With respect to its
Managed Account clients, SMC assumes responsibility for the voting of proxies and other
corporate actions. However, such Managed Account clients are predominantly invested
(outside of the client mandate to invest in underlying portfolio managers) in fixed income
securities, and accordingly SMC generally is not solicited to vote proxies for such fixed
income securities on behalf of these clients. Where Managed Accounts contain equity
securities held at the clients’ direction and where SMC is required to vote (or provide
instruction on how to vote) on such equities, SMC utilizes policies and procedures that are
reasonably designed to ensure that proxies for the Managed Accounts are voted in the best
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interests of its clients.
When SMC receives voting ballots on behalf of its Managed Accounts’ portfolio holdings, each
vote will be cast, if at all, on a case-by-case basis, in accordance with SMC’s Proxy Policies
and Procedures, taking into consideration SMC’s obligations to its clients and all other
relevant facts and circumstances.
With respect to SMC’s private equity funds where SMC is in a position to vote proxies, SMC
has overall responsibility for making all proxy voting decisions in accordance with SMC’s
Proxy Policies and Procedures.
Please note that although the proxy voting process is well established in the United States,
voting the proxies of foreign companies involves a number of logistical challenges that could
have a detrimental effect on SMC’s ability to vote such proxies. The logistical challenges
include language barriers, untimely or inadequate notice of shareholder meetings,
restrictions on a foreigner’s ability to exercise votes, and requirements to vote in person. In
addition, the security may be in a share blocking market. “Share blocking” markets are
markets in which proxy voters have their securities blocked from trading during the period
of the annual meeting. The blocking period typically lasts anywhere from a few days to two
weeks. During such period, any portfolio holdings in these markets cannot be sold without a
formal recall. The recall process can take time, and in some cases cannot be accomplished at
all. Such proxies are voted on a best-efforts basis given the above logistical and share-
blocking challenges.
Where a proxy proposal raises a material conflict of interest between SMC’s interests and an
interest of any client, SMC will resolve such conflict by (i) if the proposal is addressed by
SMC’s specific proxy policies, voting in accordance with such policies, or (ii) if SMC believes
it is in the best interests of the client to depart from its policies: (a) SMC will vote such proxy
as it determines is in the best interest of the relevant client (even though it may be against
the interest of SMC) and memorialize the rationale for such vote, or (b) SMC will vote in a
way that may also benefit, or be perceived to benefit, SMC’s own interest and memorialize
the rationale for such vote, provided that SMC: (i) delegates the voting decision for such
proxy proposal to an independent third party; (ii) delegates the voting decision to an
independent committee of representatives of the relevant client, as applicable; or (iii)
informs the client of the conflict of interest and obtains majority consent to vote the proxy
as recommended by SMC.
With respect to SMC FIM’s fixed income investment management services, there are few
instances where proxies are required to be voted. In these instances, SMC FIM will have the
authority, granted by the client, to vote on matters relating to, or give approval/consent to,
amendments proposed by a proxy vote.
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SMC FIM’s policy is to vote proxies in the best interest of its clients with a view toward
maximizing value for clients. However, due to the nature of the fixed income investments in
which SMC FIM invests clients’ assets, proxy voting occurs very infrequently and typically
only as a result of a proposed bond restructuring that SMC FIM is requested to approve by
the issuer. As such, SMC FIM endeavors to vote proxies in the manner that it determines in
good faith will be the most likely to cause the investments to increase the most or decline the
least in value. Additional information about the SMC FIM Proxy Policy and related practices
and how a client’s proxies were voted is available upon written request to SMC FIM.
SMC will provide a copy of its Proxy Policies and Procedures to any client or prospective
client upon request and may choose to provide a copy to clients or prospective clients.
Class Action Lawsuits
From time to time, SMC receives notices regarding class action lawsuits involving securities
that are or were held by the Private Funds and client accounts. As a matter of policy, SMC
refrains from serving as the lead plaintiff in class action matters and also refrains from
submitting proofs of claim where SMC believes that either the recovery amounts are likely
to be negligible or SMC cannot be assured of confidential treatment of the data submitted in
connection with the proof of claim. As a result, SMC does not participate in class action
lawsuits in most cases.
Clients should note that SMC FIM will neither advise nor act on behalf of the client in legal
proceedings involving companies whose securities are held or previously were held in the
clients account(s), including, but not limited to, the filing of proofs of claim in class action
settlements. If directed by the client, SMC FIM will transmit copies of class action notices to
the client or a third party. Upon such direction, SMC FIM will make commercially reasonable
efforts to forward such notices in a timely manner.
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Classification Approved Outside Entities
Item 18 – Financial Information
Registered investment advisers are required in this Item to provide you with certain
financial information or disclosures about their financial condition. SMC has no financial
commitment that impairs its ability to meet contractual and fiduciary commitments to
clients and has not been the subject of any bankruptcy proceeding.
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