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COVER PAGE
FIRM BROCHURE
ADV PART 2A
March 6, 2026
BLUM FINANCIAL L.P. d/b/a
STRATEGIC WEALTH PLANNING
2929 NORTH CENTRAL EXPRESSWAY | SUITE 200
RICHARDSON, TX 75080
FIRM CONTACT: STEPHEN J. BLUM, PRESIDENT
FIRM WEBSITE: WWW.AWEALTHPLAN.COM
ITEM 1
This brochure (Brochure) provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Blum
Financial L.P. d/b/a/ Strategic Wealth Planning. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure,
please contact us by telephone at (214) 727-6000, (214) 394-7827 or email at sjblum@awealthplan.com. The
information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission or by any State Securities Authority.
Additional information about Strategic Wealth Planning also is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov . You can search this site by a unique identifying number, known as an IARD/CRD
number. The IARD/CRD number for Strategic Wealth Planning is 149134.
Please note that the use of the term “registered investment adviser” and description of Blum Financial L.P.
d/b/a Strategic Wealth Planning and/or our associates as “registered” do not imply a certain level of skill or
training. You are encouraged to review this Brochure and Brochure Supplements for our firm’s associates
who advise you for more information on the qualifications of our firm and our associates.
2026 ADV 2A | FIRM BROCHURE | Page 1
ITEM 2. MATERIAL CHANGES TO OUR PART 2A OF
FORM ADV: FIRM BROCHURE
Strategic Wealth Planning is required to advise you of any material changes to our Firm Brochure from our last annual
update, identify those changes on the cover page of our Firm Brochure or on the page immediately following the cover
page, or in a separate communication accompanying our Brochure. We must state clearly that we are discussing only
material changes since the last annual update of our Firm Brochure.
We will deliver an updated Firm Brochure annually to our advisory clients, together with a summary of material
changes, within 120 days from the close of our fiscal year.
The date of our last annual Firm Brochure was March 12, 2025.
There have been no material changes since our last Firm Brochure.
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ITEM 3 – TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM 1 – COVER PAGE
Page 1
ITEM 2 – MATERIAL CHANGES
Page 2
ITEM 3 – TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 3
ITEM 4 – ADVISORY BUSINESS
Page 4
ITEM 5 – FEES AND COMPENSATION
Page 6
ITEM 6 – PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY SIDE MANAGEMENT
Page 9
ITEM 7 – TYPES OF CLIENTS AND ACCOUNT REQUIREMENTS
Page 9
ITEM 8 – METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
Page 10
AND RISK OF LOSS
ITEM 9 – DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
Page 11
ITEM 10 – OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS
Page 12
ITEM 11 – CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT
TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING
Page 13
ITEM 12 – BROKERAGE PRACTICES
Page 14
ITEM 13 – REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS AND FINANCIAL PLANS
Page 17
ITEM 14 – CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
Page 17
ITEM 15 – CUSTODY
Page 18
ITEM 16 – INVESTMENT DISCRETION
Page 18
ITEM 17 – VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
Page 18
ITEM 18 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Page 19
2026 ADV 2A | FIRM BROCHURE | Page 3
Item 4. Advisory Business
A. Description of our advisory firm, including how long we have been in business and our principal owners.
Blum Financial L.P. d/b/a Strategic Wealth Planning is dedicated to providing individuals, families, businesses and other
types of clients with a wide array of investment advisory services. Our firm is a Texas Limited Partnership and has been
in business as an investment adviser since 2009. The firm’s General Partner is Blum Management Group, Inc. and our
principal owner is Stephen J. Blum who holds the professional designations of CFP®, ChFC, CLU and AEP.
B. Description of the types of advisory services we offer.
(i) Non-Discretionary Asset Management:
We offer continuous supervision for those clients who choose to open non-discretionary advisory accounts with our firm. We
communicate with these clients on an as-needed basis and suggest an investment strategy and individual investments that will
meet their goals and objectives. The final investment decision is made by the client. We review non-discretionary portfolios
at least monthly.
(ii) Strategic Wealth Planning Discretionary Managed Account Program:
Our firm offers a discretionary Managed Account Program (“MAP”) whereby we manage client accounts for a single fee
that includes both management services and the transaction costs. The MAP is designed to assist our clients meet their
stated investment goals and to obtain professional asset management for a convenient single “wrap” fee. We construct
an individualized portfolio based on the initial and ongoing information our clients provide to us. Once we establish the
initial portfolio, we review the discretionary portfolio at least monthly and rebalance the portfolio based upon a client’s
individual needs, stated goals and objectives and any changes in circumstances that are provided to us. We do not allow
MAP clients to place restrictions on the types of investments to be held in the portfolio unless the client has an employment-
related restriction.
Additionally, we may make individual investment recommendations to our discretionary MAP clients for their consideration
and approval.
(iii) Pension Consulting:
We provide pension consulting services to employer plan sponsors on a one-time or ongoing basis. Generally, such
pension consulting services consist of assisting employer plan sponsors in establishing, monitoring and reviewing their
company's participant-directed retirement plan. As the needs of the plan sponsor dictate, areas of advising could include
investment options, plan structure and participant education.
All pension consulting services are in compliance with the applicable state laws regulating pension consulting services.
This applies to client accounts that are pension or other employee benefit plans (“Plan”) governed by the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”). If the client accounts are part of a Plan, and we accept
appointments to provide our services to such accounts, we acknowledge that we are a fiduciary within the meaning of
Section 3(21) of ERISA, but only with respect to the provision of services described in our Advisory Agreement.
(iv) Financial Planning and Consulting:
Strategic Wealth Planning provides a variety of financial planning, consulting and management services to individuals,
families, businesses and other clients regarding the management of their financial resources based upon an analysis of
client’s current situation, goals, and objectives. Generally, such financial planning services will involve preparing a
financial plan, providing a financial consultation for clients based on the client’s financial goals and objectives and/or
supervision and/or management of non-publicly traded securities and other investments. This planning or consulting
may encompass one or more of the following areas: Investment Planning, Retirement Planning, Estate Planning,
Charitable Planning, Education Planning, Corporate and Personal Tax Planning, Cost Segregation Study, Corporate
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Structure, Real Estate Analysis, Mortgage/Debt Analysis, Insurance Analysis, Lines of Credit Evaluation, Business and
Personal Financial Planning.
Our written financial plans or financial consultations provided to our clients may include general recommendations for a
course of activity or specific actions to be taken by the clients, some of which will be effected by SWP. For example,
recommendations may be made that the clients begin or revise investment programs, create or revise wills or trusts, obtain
or revise insurance coverage, commence or alter retirement savings, establish education or charitable giving programs
and/or buy or sell non-publicly traded securities or other investments. It should also be noted that we refer clients to an
accountant, attorney or other specialist, as necessary, for non-advisory related services. For written financial planning
engagements, we provide our clients with a written summary of their financial situation, observations, and
recommendations. For financial consulting engagements, we usually do not provide our clients with a written summary
of our observations and recommendations as the process is less formal than our planning service. Plans or consultations
are typically completed within six (6) months of the client signing a contract with us, assuming that all the information
and documents we request from the client are provided to us promptly. Implementation of the recommendations will be
at the client’s discretion.
(v) Referrals to Third Party Money Managers:
The services of a Third Party Money Manager (“TPMM) are not generally available to an individual investor and Adviser’s
access to these financial services provides our clients with additional investment opportunities not available to the general
public. When appropriate, Adviser may recommend that a Client use the investment advisory services of a TPMM for all or
a portion of Client assets. All TPMMs recommended to the Client by SWP must be registered as investment advisers
with the SEC or with appropriate state authorities. Adviser provides the initial due diligence in the selection of the TPMMs
and conducts ongoing reviews of TPMM management of Client accounts.
SWP will make recommendations regarding the suitability of a TPMM based on, but not limited to, the Client’s financial
needs, investment goals, tolerance for risk and investment objectives. Once SWP places Client assets with a TPMM,
Advisor does not offer further advice or recommend any specific securities or other investments for assets placed with a
TPMM.
Adviser reviews TPMM portfolios at least twice each month. Adviser may also review the TPMM quarterly reports. As
necessary, SWP contacts our Clients to review their financial situation and objectives, communicate information to third
party money managers as warranted, and, assist the client in understanding and evaluating the services provided by the
third party money manager. Clients agree to notify Adviser of any changes in his/her/their financial situation and/or
investment objectives that could affect their investments, and this information, once received, is shared with a client’s
TPMM. A client may also directly contact the TPMM managing the account or sponsoring the program.
Client authorizes Adviser to provide information requested by the TPMM and authorizes the TPMM to answer Advisor
questions regarding Client accounts with TPMM. Except as otherwise provided by Federal or state securities laws, the
Adviser, acting in good faith, shall not be liable for any action by TPMMs recommended to the Client by the Adviser.
SWP advises and Client understands and agrees that TPMMs charge a separate fee which is in addition to SWP Advisory
Fees listed on Exhibit A. SWP may share in the fee paid by Client to the TPMM. Clients who are referred to TPMMs
will receive full disclosure, including services rendered, fee schedules and account minimums at the time of referral. The
Adviser’s annual fee for investment management services provided under this Agreement shall be a percentage (%) of
the market value of all Client Assets under management, including all assets placed with a TPMM, in accordance with
the fee schedule and procedure the SWP Discretionary Investment Advisory Services Agreement.
In the event Adviser is dissatisfied with the performance or services of a TPMM for any reason, or feels that they are not
meeting SWP clients’ goals and objectives, Client grants SWP the authority to terminate all TPMM services with or
without client consultation and consent. In the event Client decides to terminate a TPMM, Client shall provide written
notice to SWP. Upon termination of TPMM services for any reason, SWP will close the TPMM account(s) and direct
TPMM to transfer all Client assets in TPMM accounts to SWP. Thereafter, SWP will manage Client Assets according
to the Client Profile.
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(vi) Professional Services and Consulting
SWP offers services to other registered advisers in such areas as office management, client communication, document
preparation and compliance, and SWP contracts with other registered advisers to act as the adviser’s agent in a non-
fiduciary capacity.
C. Explanation of whether (and, if so, how) we tailor our advisory services to the individual needs of clients and whether
clients may impose restrictions on investing in certain securities or types of securities.
(i)
Individual Tailoring of Advice to Clients:
We offer individualized investment advice to clients utilizing our firm’s Managed Account Program and to those clients
who choose non-discretionary investment services. Additionally, we offer general investment advice to clients utilizing
the following services offered by our firm: Financial Planning and Consulting, Pension Consulting and Referrals to Third
Party Money Managers. More details about how we individualize our investment services for each client are found in
Item 4B above.
(ii)
Ability of Clients to Impose Restrictions on Investing in Certain Securities or Types of Securities:
We usually do not allow clients to impose restrictions on investing in certain securities or types of securities due to the
level of difficulty this would entail in managing their accounts.
D. Participation in wrap fee programs. SWP offers a wrap fee programs as further described in Part 2A, Appendix 1 (the
“Wrap Fee Program Brochure”) to our Firm Brochure. Our wrap fee and non-wrap fee accounts are managed on an
individualized basis according to the client’s investment objectives, financial goals, risk tolerance, etc. We do not manage
wrap fee accounts differently than other accounts. As further described in our Wrap Fee Program Brochure, our firm
receives a portion of the wrap fee for its services.
E. Disclosure of the amount of client assets we manage on a discretionary basis and the amount of client assets we
manage on a non-discretionary basis. As of December 31, 2025, SWP manages $208,600,000.00 in client assets. We
manage1 $182,900,000.00 on a discretionary basis and $25,700,000.00 on a non-discretionary basis.
Item 5. Fees and Compensation
We are required to describe our brokerage, custody, fees and fund expenses so you will know how much you are charged
and by whom for our advisory services. Our fees are generally not negotiable.
A. Description of how we are compensated for advisory services.
(i)
Non-Discretionary Asset Management:
As of the date of this Brochure, our fees for Non-Discretionary Asset Management are as follows.
Portfolio Size
$0 - $50,000
$50,001 - $100,000
$100,001 - $250,000
$250,001 - $500,000
$500,001 - $750,000
$750,001 - $1,000,000
$1,000,001 - $2,000,000
Annualized Fee
2.00%
1.85%
1.70%
1.60%
1.50%
1.35%
1.20%
1Please note that our method for computing the amount of “client assets we manage” can be different from the method for computing
“assets under management” required for Item 5.F in Part 1A of Form ADV. If we decide to use a different method at a later date to
compute “client assets we manage,” we must keep documentation describing the method we use and inform you of the change. The
amount of assets we manage may be disclosed by rounding to the nearest $100,000. 00. Our “as of” date must not be more than
three months before the date we last updated our Brochure in response to Item 4.E of Form ADV Part 2A.
2026 ADV 2A | FIRM BROCHURE | Page 6
$2,000,001 - $3,500,000
$3,500,001 - $5,000,000
$5,000,001 and up
1.10%
1.05%
1.00%
(ii)
Discretionary Managed Account Program
Our firm’s discretionary Managed Account Program (MAP) is detailed in Item 4 of Appendix I to our Firm Brochure.
The following are the fees we charge for this program:
Portfolio Size
$0 - $50,000
$50,001 - $100,000
$100,001 - $250,000
$250,001 - $500,000
$500,001 - $750,000
$750,001 - $1,000,000
$1,000,001 - $2,000,000
$2,000,001 - $3,500,000
$3,500,001 - $5,000,000
$5,000,001 and up
Annualized Fee
2.00%
1.85%
1.70%
1.60%
1.50%
1.35%
1.20%
1.10%
1.05%
1.00%
(iii)
Managed Account Program Tiered Fee2 Schedule implemented in 2016 for some clients:
Portfolio Size
First $750,000 ($0-$750,000)
Next $1,250,000 ($750,000-$2,000,000)
Next $ 1,500,000 ($2,000,000 - $3,500,000)
$3,500,000 and up
Annualized Fee
1.50%
1.00%
0.98%
0.95%
(iv)
Pension Consulting:
We charge an annual flat fee for pension consulting services. The initial yearly fee is established at the beginning of our
client relationship. The total estimated yearly fee, as well as the ultimate fee that we charge you, is based on the scope
and complexity of our engagement with you. Our yearly fees range from $750.00 to $10,000.00. Planning fees may be
negotiable based upon the specific services requested, including the complexity and scope of the consultation. Where the
scope or complexity of services varies from the initial agreed upon services and fees, we will consult with a client before
charging additional fees.
(iv)
Financial Planning and Consulting:
We charge an annual flat fee for financial planning and consulting services. The total estimated fee, as well as the
ultimate fee that we charge you, is based on the scope and complexity of your engagement. Our annual planning fees
range from $1,500 to as high as $150,000. Planning fees may be negotiable based upon the specific services requested,
including the complexity and scope of the plan, as well as your financial situation and objectives.
Planning fees are usually payable in advance unless the planning engagement is complex. We establish the agreed upon
fee at the beginning of our planning and consulting services. Applicable fees, fee payment arrangements, and the terms
of the engagement will be clearly set forth in the client agreement executed between our firm and each client prior to
providing financial services. The retainer fee will be fixed for a 12-month period; thereafter, the retainer fee may be
adjusted based on the scope and complexity of the engagement. However, if additional services are required that will
exceed the estimated fee, we notify the client as soon as possible to discuss additional fees associated with our services.
2 Tiered fees are fees which 1) decline incrementally as assets increase above pre-determined breakpoints and 2) are applied on a
marginal basis to assets within those tiers.
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In certain circumstances, SWP may charge its clients a separate planning fee for financial product due diligence
services.
Either party may terminate the Financial Planning Services agreement with 30-days prior written notice to the other. SWP
will return unearned fees to the client.
(v)
Referrals to Third Party Money Managers:
We may refer some of our discretionary clients to third party money managers (“Third Party Money Managers” or
“TPMMs”). We do not use Third Party Money Managers for our Non-Discretionary Accounts. Some of the Third Party
Money Managers we refer to pay us a portion of the investment advisory fee that they charge for managing an account.
Fees paid to us by Third Party Money Managers are ongoing. All fees we receive from TPMMs and the written separate
disclosures made to a client regarding these fees comply with applicable state and Federal statutes and rules. The separate
written disclosures provided by a TPMM include a copy of the Third Party Money Manager’s Form ADV Part 2, all
relevant Brochures, a Solicitation Disclosure Statement detailing the exact fees our firm is paid and a copy of the Third
Party Money Manager’s privacy policy. The TPMMs we recommend will not charge you a higher fee than they would
have charged without us introducing you to them. Either you or we may terminate the services of a TMPP at any time.
Upon termination of TPMM services, TPMM fees due to you, if any, will be refunded based on the agreement with the
TPMM.
Description of whether we deduct fees from clients’ assets or bill clients for fees incurred. If clients may select
B.
either method, disclose this fact. Explain how often you bill clients or deduct your fees.
(i)
Asset Management – Discretionary MAP and non-Discretionary:
Fees are automatically deducted from both discretionary MAP and non-discretionary client accounts on a quarterly basis.
(ii)
Pension Consulting:
For pension consulting, fee-paying arrangements will be determined on a case-by-case basis and will be detailed in the
signed Pension Consulting Agreement. The client will be invoiced directly for the fees.
(iii)
Financial Planning and Consulting:
We generally require a retainer of fifty-percent (50%) of the financial planning or consulting fee with the remainder due
upon completion of the initial services or six (6) months after the start of the planning agreement, whichever is earlier.
In all cases, we will not require a retainer exceeding $1,200 when services cannot be rendered within 6 (six) months.
(iv)
Referrals to third party money managers:
Third party money managers establish and maintain their own separate billing processes which we have no control over.
In general, they will directly bill a client and describe how this works in their separate written disclosure documents.
Description of any other types of fees or expenses clients may pay in connection with our advisory services,
C.
such as custodian fees or mutual fund expenses.
Wrap Fee Clients. Most SWP clients participate in our wrap fee program (Managed Account Program “MAP”.) Wrap
fee clients will not incur transaction costs for trades. We disclose more information about this matter in our separate wrap
fee program brochure.
Non-Wrap Fee Clients. Non-wrap fee clients do not currently incur transaction charges for trades executed in their
accounts. However, in the future, we may decide to charge transaction fees. In such event, our non-wrap clients will be
notified. Any transaction fees will be separate and additional to our advisory fees and will be disclosed by the firm
through which the trades are executed.
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All Clients. All firm clients are responsible for and will pay all separately incurred expenses, which we do not receive
any part of. The following list is an example of such additional charges: charges imposed directly by a mutual fund,
index fund, exchange traded fund or private investment, which charges shall be disclosed in the fund’s or investment’s
prospectus (i.e. management fees and other expenses); custodian and other fees charged by institutions to hold and/or
administer accounts; custodian transfer fees (fees charged by a custodian when an investment moves from one custodian
to a new custodian); bank charges for accounts with check writing privileges; wire transfer fees.
Fees paid in advance and how a client may receive a refund of a pre-paid fee if the advisory contract is terminated
D.
before the end of the billing period and how the amount of the refund is determined.
Advisory Fees are billed quarterly in advance, based on the total value of the Assets at the end of the previous quarter
or at the time of receipt of Assets by SWP. Advisory Fees will be assessed pro rata in the event an advisory agreement
is executed at any time other than the first day of a calendar quarter.
Our firm requires written notification in the event a client decides to terminate our advisory services. Email notices
will NOT suffice. When we receive a written notice of termination, we will proceed to close out all accounts and
process a pro-rata refund of unearned advisory fees. All advisory fees shall be prorated up to and including the date of
termination which shall be the later of (i) thirty days from the date we receive a termination notice or (ii) the date all
assets under management by our firm or a TPMM are transferred to another advisor. TPMM fees will be prorated per
the TPMM policy or agreement.
E.
Commissionable securities sales.
In order to sell securities for a commission, our advisors must be registered with a broker-dealer. No advisor is
registered with a broker-dealer.
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
We do not charge performance fees to our clients. We make investment decisions for our clients based on their respective
investment objectives, restrictions, risk profiles, tax status and other relevant considerations. As a result of client
differences, we may purchase or sell securities and/or investments at the same or at different times for some clients but
not for others.
Item 7. Types of Clients and Account Requirements
We have the following types of clients:
•
•
•
•
Individuals and High Net Worth Individuals;
Trusts, Estates or Charitable Organizations;
Pension and Profit Sharing Plans;
Corporations, Limited Liability Companies and other types of enterprises
Our requirements for opening and maintaining accounts or otherwise engaging us:
We require a minimum initial investment of $100,000.00. However, our firm may allow accounts of members
of the same household to be aggregated for purposes of determining the advisory fee and/or for meeting the minimum
investment. Generally, this minimum account balance requirement is not negotiable and would be required throughout
the course of the client’s relationship with our firm. We may open accounts for less than the minimum investment under
particular circumstances (for example, setting up a new 401k or new Simple plan).
Our firm’s minimum fee for written financial plans is $1500.00, which minimum may be waived in certain
circumstances.
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Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Description of the methods of analysis and investment strategies we use in formulating investment advice or
A.
managing assets.
Our firm uses a variety of methods of analysis and investment strategies. Our analysis may include but is not limited to,
fundamental analysis of a company’s financials, charting and technical analysis of market activity. Within each method
of analysis, our advisers may employ a variety of timing outlooks, including long-term strategic, intermediate cyclical or
short-term tactical.
RISK OF LOSS: Regardless of the method of analysis and investment strategy, investing in securities and private
investments involves a risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. All securities are subject to risk of loss, and
there is no assurance that any investment program or strategy will be successful. While the stock market could increase
and your private investments may enjoy a gain, it is also possible that the stock market will decrease and that private
investments may not meet their expected performance, resulting in a loss to your investment account(s).
It is important that you understand the risks associated with investing in the stock market and in private non-traded
investments and that your investments are sufficiedntly diversified.
We request that clients ask us any questions they may have regarding the following investment strategies.
B. For each significant investment strategy or method of analysis, we must explain the material risks involved.
• Equities. Equity strategies (including investing in individual companies, equity mutual funds or ETFs) involve
investments in common stocks and are subject to the volatility and individual risks associated with those stocks.
• Small-cap stocks. Small-cap stocks tend to be more volatile relative to the overall market.
• Bonds. Bonds may guarantee return of principal if they are held to maturity but any guarantee remains subject
to the credit worthiness of the guarantor and, prior to maturity, the bond remains subject to interest rate, inflation
and credit risks.
• Bond Funds. Bond funds of all types are subject to the various risks of the underlying fixed income instruments
in the fund, and there is no fixed maturity date.
• High Yield bonds expose the investor to investments in lower credit quality securities, and hence, risk of higher
volatility.
• Tax-Exempt bonds may or may not provide returns higher than the after-tax returns of taxable bonds, so investors
should consider their tax bracket and state of residence.
• Emerging Markets and International/Global/Foreign Investments. These types of securities expose the investor
to currency risk and political, social and economic risks of the countries in which the securities are domiciled,
in addition to the equity or debt nature of the securities involved.
• Real Estate Investment Trusts. REITs are subject to risks of the specific commercial or housing market in which
the assets are invested, as well as interest rate risks. REITs may be traded or non-traded, private investments.
•
• Private Investments. Private Investments include REITs, limited liability companies or limited partnerships.
Private investments are non-traded and illiquid (meaning there is no market where the investment can be sold).
Some Private Investments have a “redemption program’ which may provide limited liquidity. Due to the nature
of investing in Private Investments, there is no guarantee of income or return of principal. Private investments
are long-term investments suitable to only a small percentage of accredited investors.
Interval Funds. The ability to invest in alternate types of assets and the ability to limit investor withdrawals
allows Interval Funds to potentially pay out a higher distribution and/or earn a higher total return over time.
Interval Funds may be more stable in down markets since their shares cannot be liquidated immediately.
However, Interval Fund fees may be more expensive compared to traditional mutual funds and ETF’s.
• Options. Options are contracts (often called “Option Contracts’) that give the purchaser the right, but not the
obligation, to buy or sell a security, such as a stock or exchange-traded fund, at a fixed price within a specific
period of time. Option contracts can help investors manage risk and are used to leverage additional exposure
to equity instruments for a smaller amount of cash consideration. However, like any other securities, investing
in Options involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear.
2026 ADV 2A | FIRM BROCHURE | Page 10
• Futures. Futures are derivative financial contracts that obligate parties to buy or sell an asset at a
predetermined future date and price. The buyer must purchase or the seller must sell the underlying asset at
the set price, regardless of the current market price at the expiration date. Underlying assets include physical
commodities and financial instruments. Futures contracts detail the quantity of the underlying asset and are
standardized to facilitate trading on a futures exchange. Futures can be used for hedging or trade speculation.
Futures contracts were created to reduce risk for producers, consumers, and investors. However, because of
the leverage used in futures trading, it is possible to sustain losses greater than one's original investment.
It is not possible to enumerate all risks associated with each of the asset classes listed above. Clients should discuss any
concerns with their adviser.
Additionally, some financial instruments are sold by prospectus such as mutual funds, REITs and/or Exchange Traded
Funds (EFTs). While particular funds or investments may be selected by an adviser, it is the client’s responsibility to
read the prospectus carefully to fully understand the various risks, investment objectives, charges/expenses and other
information about the fund or company associated with the investment.
Participants in SWP’s MAP do not pay additional charges based on the frequency of trading in their account. However,
the client should understand that higher-frequency trading strategies may increase the likelihood that tax consequences
may be short-term in nature and result in a higher tax cost and hence, lower net performance.
Cash balances. We generally invest cash balances in money market funds, high-grade commercial paper and/or
government backed debt instruments. Ultimately, we try to achieve the highest return on our client’s cash balances
through relatively low-risk conservative investments. In most cases, at least a partial cash balance will be maintained in
a money market account so that our firm may debit advisory fees related to our asset management services, as applicable
to each client.
Mutual Fund Share Class Fees. Mutual fund share class fees are the different ways a fund charges you for sales
commissions and ongoing expenses depending on which “letter” share class (A, B, C, R, etc.) you buy. SWP selects
mutual fund share classes based on several factors. We recognize that for some clients, investing in a different share class
could provide a slightly lower internal expense cost. However, SWP’s decision to invest in a more expensive share class
is off-set by lower expenses in other areas, such as lower portfolio management costs and fees.
Item 9. Disciplinary Information
We are required to disclose whether there are legal or disciplinary events that are material to a client’s or prospective
client’s evaluation of our advisory business or the integrity of our management. There are a number of specific legal and
disciplinary events that we must presume are material for this Item. If our advisory firm or a management person has
been involved in one of these events, we must disclose it under this Item for ten years following the date of the event,
unless (1) the event was resolved in our or the management person’s favor, or was reversed, suspended or vacated, or (2)
the event is not material (see Note below). For purposes of calculating this ten-year period, the “date” of an event is the
date that the final order, judgment, or decree was entered, or the date that any rights of appeal from preliminary orders,
judgments or decrees lapsed.
The SEC and/or State Regulators have not provided us with an exclusive list of material disciplinary events, which need
to be disclosed. If our advisory firm or a management person has been involved in a legal or disciplinary event that is
not specifically required to be disclosed, but nonetheless is material to a client's or prospective client's evaluation of our
advisory business or the integrity of our management, we must disclose the event. Similarly, even if more than ten years
has passed since the date of the event, we must disclose the event if it is so serious that it remains currently material to a
client’s or prospective client’s evaluation of our firm or management.
Our firm and management have nothing to disclose under this item.
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Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
A. Broker-Dealer Affiliation. Neither our firm nor our management persons are registered with a broker-dealer nor as a
registered representative of a broker-dealer.
B. If our firm or any of our management persons are registered or have an application pending to register as a futures
commission merchant, commodity pool operator, commodity trading advisor or an associated person of the foregoing
entities, disclose that fact.
We have nothing to disclose under this paragraph.
C. Description of any relationship or arrangement that is material to our advisory business or to our clients that we or
any of our management persons have with any related person3 is listed below. We are required to identify the related
person and if the relationship or arrangement creates a material conflict of interest with clients, describe the nature of the
conflict and how we address it.
Our firm and/or our management persons have a material relationship with the following related persons and entities as
follows:
Financial Planner
Stephen Blum provides a variety of financial planning, consulting and management services to individuals, families,
businesses and other clients regarding the management of their financial resources based upon an analysis of client’s
current situation, goals, and objectives.
Pension Consultant
Stephen Blum provides pension consulting services to employer plan sponsors on a one-time or ongoing basis. Generally,
such pension consulting services consist of assisting employer plan sponsors in establishing, monitoring and reviewing
their company's participant-directed retirement plan. As the needs of the plan sponsor dictate, areas of advising could
include investment options, plan structure and participant education.
Insurance Agency
Our firm is a licensed insurance agency whereby its agents can offer life, health, and long-term care insurance products,
among others, from a variety of product sponsors. SWP advisers who hold valid state insurance licenses act as agents
and can effect transactions in insurance products for SWP clients and earn commissions for this activity. We expect that
clients to whom we offer advisory services may also be clients for whom our firm acts as an insurance agency. Clients
are notified that the fees paid to our firm for advisory services are separate and distinct from the commissions earned for
placing the client in insurance products. Clients to whom our firm offers advisory services are informed that they are
under no obligation to use our firm or its representatives for insurance services and products, and may use any insurance
brokerage firm and agent they choose.
Bookkeeping Services.4
Blum Management Group, Inc. through its subsidiary, Strategic Bookkeeper, LLC, offers bookkeeping services to the
public and to SWP advisory clients. We occasionally refer clients to use the services of Blum Management Group, Inc.
3 Our Related Persons are any advisory affiliates and any person that is under common control with our firm. Advisory Affiliate:
Our advisory affiliates are (1) all of our officers, partners, or directors (or any person performing similar functions); (2) all persons
directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by us; and (3) all of our current employees (other than employees performing only
clerical, administrative, support or similar functions). Person: A natural person (an individual) or a company. A company includes
any partnership, corporation, trust, limited liability company (“LLC”), limited liability partnership (“LLP”), sole proprietorship, or
other organization.
4 Blum Management Group, Inc., Strategic Wealth Planning’s General Partner, is the sole owner of Strategic Bookkeeper, LLC
as well as Strategic CFO Solutions LLC d/b/a Strategic Tax & Family Office.
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and Strategic Bookkeeper, LLC, and the clients that we refer are informed that (i) they are under no obligation to use the
services of Blum Management Group, Inc. or Strategic Bookkeeper, LLC and (ii) they may use the services of any other
company offering similar services. The bookkeeping fees paid to Strategic Bookkeeper, LLC are separate and distinct
from all fees paid to our firm.
Tax Preparation Services
Strategic CFO Solutions LLC d/b/a Strategic Tax & Family Office offers tax preparation services to the public and to
SWP advisory clients. We may refer our clients to Strategic Tax & Family Office for tax preparation services. At the
time of referral, clients are informed that they are under no obligation to use these tax services. The tax preparation fees
paid to Strategic Tax & Family Office are separate and distinct from all other fees paid to our firm.
Lawyer or Law Firm
Our firm’s CCO, Jenifer Smith Blum, is an attorney licensed to practice law in the states of Texas, Missouri and Kansas.
We occasionally refer clients to Ms. Blum’s firm, Blum Law PLLC, for legal services. Clients are informed that (i) they
are under no obligation to use Ms. Blum for legal services and (ii) they may use any attorney they choose. Legal fees paid
to Blum Law PLLC are separate and distinct from all fees paid to our firm.
D. If we recommend or select other investment advisers for our clients and we receive compensation directly or indirectly
from those advisers, or we have other business relationships with those advisers, we are required to describe these
practices and discuss the conflicts of interest these practices create and how we address them.
Please see Items 4B (v) and 5A (v) of this Brochure for referral to Third Party Money Managers.
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
Brief description of our Code of Ethics adopted pursuant to SEC rule 204A-1 and offer to provide a copy of our
A.
Code of Ethics to any client or prospective client upon request.
Our firm has adopted a Code of Ethics which requires that SWP adhere, at all times, to a high ethical standards with regard to
the investment transactions of our firm’s employees. This Code of Ethics requires that investment transactions be carried out
in a way that does not conflict with or endanger the interest of any client.
At the same time, we believe that if investment goals are similar for clients and for members and employees of our firm, there
may be common ownership of some securities.
Therefore, in order to prevent conflicts of interest, we have in place a set of procedures, including a pre-clearing procedure,
with respect to investment transactions made by our firm members, officers and certain employees (“supervised persons”),
for their personal accounts5. In order to monitor compliance with our personal trading policy, we have a quarterly securities
transaction reporting system for all of our supervised persons.
An investment adviser is a client’s fiduciary. As a fiduciary, it is an investment adviser’s responsibility to provide fair and
full disclosure of all material facts and to act solely in the best interest of each of our clients at all times. Our firm and its
advisors have a fiduciary duty to all clients. Our fiduciary duty is considered the core underlying principle for our Code of
Ethics which also includes Insider Trading and Personal Securities Transactions Policies and Procedures.
We require all of our firm’s supervised persons to conduct business with the highest level of ethical standards and to comply
with all Federal and state securities laws at all times. Upon employment or affiliation and at least annually thereafter, all
supervised persons will sign an acknowledgement that they have read, understand, and agree to comply with our firm’s Code
of Ethics. Our firm and supervised persons must conduct business in an honest, ethical, and fair manner and avoid all
circumstances that might negatively affect or appear to affect our duty of complete loyalty to all clients.
5 For purposes of the policy, a supervised person’s personal account generally includes any account (a) in the name of the supervised
person, his/her spouse, his/her minor children or other dependents residing in the same household, (b) for which the supervised person is
a trustee or executor, or (c) in which the supervised person controls and/or a member of his/her household has a direct or indirect beneficial
interest.
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This disclosure is provided to give all clients and prospective clients a summary of our firm’s Code of Ethics. However, if a
client or a potential client wishes to review our Code of Ethics in its entirety, a copy will be provided promptly upon request.
B.
If our firm or a related person invests in the same securities (or related securities, e.g., warrants, options or
futures) that our firm or a related person recommends to clients, we are required to describe our practice and discuss the
conflicts of interest this presents and generally how we address the conflicts that arise in connection with personal trading.
See Item 11A of this Brochure.
C.
If our firm or a related person recommends securities to clients, or buys or sells securities for client accounts, at
or about the same time that you or a related person buys or sells the same securities for our firm’s (or the related person's
own) account, we are required to describe our practice and discuss the conflicts of interest it presents. We are also required
to describe generally how we address conflicts that arise.
See Item 11A of this Brochure.
Item 12. Brokerage Practices
A. Description of the factors that we consider in selecting or recommending broker-dealers for client transactions and
determining the reasonableness of their compensation (e.g., transaction fees).
1.
Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits. If we receive research or other products or services other than
execution from a broker-dealer or a third party in connection with client securities transactions (“soft dollar benefits”),
we are required to disclose our practices and discuss the conflicts of interest they create. Please note that we must
disclose all soft dollar benefits we receive, including, in the case of research, both proprietary research (created or
developed by the broker-dealer) and research created or developed by a third party.
Our firm has an arrangements with the following financial custodians: Fidelity Investments, Charles Schwab, Vantage
Retirement Plans, LLC and Interactive Brokers, LLC, which custodians provide our firm with “platform” services. The
platform services include, among others, brokerage, custodial, administrative support, record keeping and related services that
are intended to support our firm in conducting business and in serving the best interests of our clients but that may also benefit
our firm.
SWP spends time and effort in researching potential private investment opportunities for its clients. Our firm may receive due
diligence fees from some private investment sponsors, which fees help defray due diligence expenses SWP incurs in
researching the investments. However, the due diligence fees paid to SWP do not influence SWP’s selection process in
deciding which investments to recommend to its clients.
a. Explanation of when we use client brokerage commissions (or markups or markdowns) to obtain
research or other products or services, and how we receive a benefit because our firm does not have to produce or pay for
the research, products or services.
As part of the arrangement described in Item12 (A) 1, our account custodians may make certain research and brokerage
services available to our firm at no additional cost. These services may include certain research and brokerage services,
including research services obtained directly from independent research companies, as selected by our firm (within
specific parameters). Research products and services provided to our firm may include research reports on recommendations
or other information about, particular companies or industries; economic surveys, data and analyses; financial publications;
portfolio evaluation services; financial database software and services; computerized news and pricing services; quotation
equipment for use in running software used in investment decision-making; and other products or services that provide lawful
and appropriate assistance to our firm in the performance of our investment decision-making responsibilities.
b. Incentive to select or recommend a broker-dealer based on our interest in receiving the research or
other products or services, rather than on our clients’ interest in receiving best execution.
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As a result of receiving the services discussed in 12 (A) (1) (a) of this Brochure, our firm examined this potential conflict of
interest when we chose to enter into the relationship with our custodians and we have determined that the relationship is in the
best interest of our firm’s clients and satisfies our client obligations, including our duty to seek best execution.
Our custodians charge transaction fees for effecting certain securities transactions (i.e., transaction fees are charged for
certain no-load mutual funds, commissions are charged for individual equity and debt securities transactions). Some
custodians enable us to obtain many no-load mutual funds without transaction charges and other no-load funds at nominal
transaction charges, and our custodians’ transaction rates may be discounted from customary retail transaction costs.
However, the transaction fees charged by our custodians may be higher or lower than those charged by other custodians
and broker-dealers.
c. Causing clients to pay transaction fees (or markups or markdowns) higher than those charged by
other broker-dealers in return for soft dollar benefits (known as paying-up).
We believe our custodians offer competitive pricing for the services our firm and clients receive. In seeking best
execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the transaction represents the best
qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of a broker-dealer’s services, including the value of research
provided, execution capability, transaction fees, and responsiveness.
d. Disclosure of whether we use soft dollar benefits to service all of our clients’ accounts or only those
that paid for the benefits, as well as whether we seek to allocate soft dollar benefits to client accounts proportionately to
the soft dollar credits the accounts generate.
Although the investment research products and services that may be obtained by our firm will generally be used to service
all of our clients, a transaction fee paid by our firm or a specific client may be used to pay for research that is not used in
managing that specific client’s account.
e. Description of the types of products and services our firm or any of our related persons acquired with
client brokerage commissions (or markups or markdowns) within our last fiscal year.
We do not acquire products or services with client brokerage commissions (or markups or markdowns).
f. Explanation of the procedures we used during our last fiscal year to direct client transactions to a
particular broker-dealer in return for soft dollar benefits we received.
We do not direct client transactions to a particular broker-dealer in return for soft dollar benefits.
2. Brokerage for Client Referrals. If we consider, in selecting or recommending broker-dealers, whether our
firm or a related person receives client referrals from a broker-dealer or third party, we are required to disclose this
practice and discuss the conflicts of interest it create.
Our firm does not make broker-dealer recommendations in exchange for a broker-dealer referring clients to our firm.
3. Directed Brokerage.
a. If we routinely recommend, request or require that a client directs us to execute transactions through a
specified broker-dealer, we are required to describe our practice or policy. Further, we must explain that not all advisers
require their clients to direct brokerage. If our firm and the broker-dealer are affiliates or have another economic
relationship that creates a material conflict of interest, we are further required to describe the relationship and discuss the
conflicts of interest it presents by explaining that through the direction of brokerage we may be unable to achieve best
execution of client transactions, and that this practice may cost our clients more money.
We do not recommend that our clients direct our firm to execute transactions through a specified broker-dealer. In the
event a client requests our firm to direct trades to a particular broker, then, with respect to their directed trades, the client
will be treated as if they have retained the investment discretion that we otherwise would have in selecting brokers to
effect transactions and in negotiating transaction costs. We will inform these clients that such direction may adversely
affect our ability to obtain best price and execution and that trade orders will not be aggregated with other clients’ orders
and that direction of brokerage may hinder best execution.
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b. If we permit a client to direct brokerage, we are required to describe our practice. If applicable, we must
also explain that we may be unable to achieve best execution of your transactions. Directed brokerage may cost clients
more money. For example, in a directed brokerage account, you may pay higher brokerage commissions because we
may not be able to aggregate orders to reduce transaction costs, or you may receive less favorable prices on transactions.
Please refer to Item 12(A) (3) above for this information.
Special Considerations for Sub-advisory Management Clients
We select investment companies for the purchase or sale of assets in Client Accounts and are responsible for obtaining
best execution for transactions. We may, therefore, in the allocation of portfolio brokerage business and the payment of
transaction fees, consider the brokerage and research services furnished the Sub-Adviser by brokers and dealers, in
accordance with the provisions of Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such research
generally will be used to service all of our clients, but transaction fees paid by the Client Accounts may be used to pay
for research that is not used in managing the Client Accounts. Should a Client direct in writing that the Adviser or our
firm use a particular broker or dealer, then such Client will negotiate terms and arrangements for their Account with that
broker or dealer and we will not seek better execution services or prices from other broker-dealers. As a result, such Client
Account may pay higher transaction fees or greater spreads, or receive less favorable net prices, on transactions for the
Client Account than would otherwise be the case.
Special Considerations for ERISA Clients
A retirement or ERISA plan client may direct all or part of portfolio transactions for its account through a specific broker
or dealer in order to obtain goods or services on behalf of the plan. Such direction is permitted provided that the goods
and services provided are reasonable expenses of the plan incurred in the ordinary course of its business for which it
otherwise would be obligated and empowered to pay. ERISA prohibits directed brokerage arrangements when the goods
or services purchased are not for the exclusive benefit of the plan. Consequently, we will request that plan sponsors who
direct plan brokerage provide us with a letter documenting that this arrangement will be for the exclusive benefit of the
plan.
NOTE: Advisers and our firm are not responsible or liable for the acts or omissions of any broker-dealer or investment
company.
B. Discussion of whether, and under what conditions, we aggregate the purchase or sale of securities for various
client accounts in quantities sufficient to obtain reduced transaction costs (known as bunching). If we do not bunch
orders when we have the opportunity to do so, we are required to explain our practice and describe the costs to clients
of not bunching.
We perform investment management services for various clients. There are occasions on which portfolio transactions may be
executed as part of concurrent authorizations to purchase or sell the same security for numerous accounts served by our firm,
which involve accounts with similar investment objectives. Although such concurrent authorizations potentially could be
either advantageous or disadvantageous to any one or more particular accounts, they are effected only when we believe that
to do so will be in the best interest of the affected accounts. When such concurrent authorizations occur, the objective is to
allocate the executions in a manner which is deemed equitable to the accounts involved. In any given situation, we attempt to
allocate trade executions in the most equitable manner possible, taking into consideration client objectives, current asset
allocation and availability of funds using price averaging, proration and consistently non-arbitrary methods of allocation.
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Item 13. Review of Accounts and Financial Plans
Review of client accounts or financial plans, along with a description of the frequency and nature of our review,
A.
and the titles of our employees who conduct the review.
For our clients subscribing to our discretionary “Wrap”/Managed Account Program (“MAP”) we review each account on
at least a monthly basis. The nature of these reviews is to ascertain whether clients’ accounts are in line with their
investment objectives, appropriately positioned based on market conditions, and investment policies, if applicable. MAP
clients receive written reviews on at least a quarterly basis.
We review the accounts of our non-discretionary and pension consulting clients at least once each calendar quarter. We
also provide ongoing services to our non-discretionary and pension account clients where we meet with these clients upon
their request, or as we determine, to discuss updates to their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc. The nature of our
review is to learn whether these client accounts are in line with investment objectives, appropriately positioned based on
market conditions, and investment policies, if applicable.
For the firm’s financial planning clients, we review their plan according to the terms of their planning agreement, and we
are available to meet with such clients upon their request to discuss updates to their plans, changes in their circumstances,
etc.
Only our Financial Advisors or Portfolio Specialists will conduct the above reviews.
Review of client accounts on other than a periodic basis, along with a description of the factors that trigger a
B.
review.
We may review client accounts more frequently than described in Item 13A. Among the factors which may trigger a
review are major market or economic events, the client’s life events, requests by the client, etc.
Description of the content and indication of the frequency of written or verbal regular reports we provide to
C.
clients regarding their accounts.
Our firm, client account custodians or third party money managers provide written financial reports at least quarterly to
our MAP clients. In addition, our firm provides written and verbal reports on an annual basis when we meet with clients
who subscribe to the following services: Financial Planning, Asset Management and Third Party Money Management.
In addition, we are always available to discuss any client report or account upon request. Meetings are in person, by
phone or by teleconference.
We do not provide pension clients with written or verbal updated reports unless they choose to contract with us for Pension
Consulting services. Pension client account reports are prepared and provided by third party money managers.
Financial planning clients receive an initial written report and updated written or verbal reports regarding their financial
plans as set forth in their agreement with us.
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation
A.
If someone who is not a client provides an economic benefit to our firm for providing investment advice or other
advisory services to our clients, we must generally describe the arrangement. For purposes of this Item, economic benefits
include any sales awards or other prizes.
Except for the arrangements outlined in Item 12 of this brochure, we have no additional arrangements to disclose.
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If our firm or a related person directly or indirectly compensates any person who is not our employee for client
B.
referrals, we are required to describe the arrangement and the compensation.
We do not pay referral fees (non-commission based) to independent solicitors (non-registered representatives) for the
referral of their clients to our firm in accordance with Rule 206 (4)-3 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
Item 15. Custody
A.
If we have custody of client funds or securities and a qualified custodian as defined in SEC rule 206(4)-2 or
similar state rules (for example, a broker-dealer or bank) does not send account statements with respect to those funds or
securities directly to our clients, we must disclose that we have custody and explain the risks that you will face because
of this.
We do not have custody of client funds. All of our clients receive at least quarterly account statements directly from their
custodians. Upon opening an account with a qualified custodian on a client's behalf, we promptly notify the client in
writing of the qualified custodian's contact information. If we decide to also send account statements to clients, such
notice and account statements include a statement recommending that the client compare the account statements received
from the qualified custodian with those received from our firm.
B. If we have custody of client funds or securities and a qualified custodian sends quarterly, or more frequent, account
statements directly to our clients, we are required to explain that you will receive account statements from the broker-
dealer, bank, or other qualified custodian and that you should carefully review those statements.
We do not have custody of client funds. We encourage clients to raise any questions with us about the custody, safety or
security of their assets. The custodians we do business with will send you independent account statements listing your
account balance(s), transaction history and any fee debits or other fees taken out of your account.
C. As of January 1, 2024, our firm has approved the following account custodians: Fidelity Investments, Vantage
Retirement Plans, LLC, Charles Schwab and Interactive Brokers, LLC.
Item 16. Investment Discretion
If we accept discretionary authority to manage securities accounts on behalf of clients, we are required to disclose this
fact and describe any limitations our clients may place on our authority. The following procedures are followed before
we assume this authority:
We accept discretionary authority to manage securities accounts on behalf of clients who sign a discretionary investment
advisory agreement with our firm. This type of discretionary management applies to our Managed Account Program
clients and other Assets over which our firm has discretionary authority but may not apply to all of a client’s assets. We
generally do not allow clients to limit our authority in discretionary accounts. Without a discretionary investment advisory
agreement, assets are managed on a non-discretionary basis.
Item 17. Voting Client Securities
If we have, or will accept, proxy authority to vote client securities, we must briefly describe our voting policies and
procedures, including those adopted pursuant to SEC Rule 206(4)-6.
We do not and will not accept the proxy authority to vote client securities. Clients will receive proxies or other
solicitations directly from their custodian or a transfer agent. In the event that proxies are sent to our firm, we will forward
them on to you and ask the party who sent them to mail them directly to you in the future. You may call, write or email
us to discuss questions you may have about particular proxy votes or other solicitations.
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Item 18. Financial Information
If we require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200.00 in fees per client, six months or more in advance, we
A.
must include a balance sheet for our most recent fiscal year.
We do not require nor do we solicit prepayment of more than $1,200.00 in fees per client, six months or more in advance.
Therefore we have not included a balance sheet for our most recent fiscal year.
B. If we are an SEC-registered adviser and have discretionary authority or custody of client funds or securities, or
we require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six months or more in advance, we must disclose
any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet contractual commitments to clients.
We have nothing to disclose in this regard.
If we have been the subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time during the past ten years, we must disclose this
C.
fact, the date the petition was first brought, and the current status.
We have nothing to disclose in this regard.
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